[HN Gopher] Why and when the Sahara Desert was green: new research
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       Why and when the Sahara Desert was green: new research
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 56 points
       Date   : 2023-09-18 16:54 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | theironhammer wrote:
       | Carbon emissions ACCELERATED climate change. Climate change is
       | natural. It's the ACCELERATED change that is the problem. Not
       | enough time for species to adjust.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | alephxyz wrote:
         | Even natural climate changes can be problematic, such as drier
         | climates precipitating the fall of the Roman empire or the late
         | bronze age collapse.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Or The Samalas eruption - which is believed to have caused
           | the Little Ice Age - and killed 90% of Europeans & North
           | Americans at the time (55M people).
           | 
           | I imagine many millions of large mammals and birds and
           | insects also died.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | See also the Year Without Summer, 1816.
             | 
             | Apparently Frankenstein and Dracula were both born that
             | 'summer' at one of Byron's gatherings. Something to pass
             | the time indoors.
        
         | bjelkeman-again wrote:
         | Meteor strikes are also natural. That doesn't mean they are
         | desirable.
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | Surprised there's no mention of Sahara Pump Theory[1] in this
       | article.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara_pump_theory
        
       | jackconsidine wrote:
       | Somewhat off topic, but if anyone's read _Sand County Almanac_ by
       | Aldo Leopold, he talks about how the American Southwest,
       | specifically Arizona, used to be green. Apparently the familiar
       | reddish brown resulted from human impact
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | I went to school in Socorro, NM which was very brown on a dry
         | year and pretty green on a wet year and my understanding is
         | that it was a pretty grassland before white folks showed up but
         | overgrazing caused the creosote bush to move in.
         | 
         | If you go up the hills to the plains of San Augustin where the
         | VLA radio telescope that is around 7000 feet in elevation and I
         | think a bit cooler and wetter and that is a very pretty
         | grassland where you see big herds of antelope grazing and you
         | might think you were in Africa.
        
           | OfSanguineFire wrote:
           | Considering that there are archaeological sites in the
           | American Southwest that are posited to have been abandoned
           | due to the disappearance of their water supply, it is hard to
           | blame all the aridness on "white folks". Moreover, when I
           | cycled through the Anza-Borego State Park in California,
           | several of the information boards discussed how hardscrabble
           | the existence of the Native American peoples in this area
           | was, because it was already very much desert and required
           | special strategies to survive.
        
             | xhkkffbf wrote:
             | This is a solid point. I was at Mesa Verde, the national
             | park with the cliff dwellings. Apparently the people who
             | lived there just up and left, well before Columbus showed
             | up on the other side of the continent. One theory is that
             | the current Hopi people are their descendants.
             | 
             | It's pretty clear that bad things happen, even when white
             | people aren't around.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | It's not really a "theory" as anyone normal uses that
               | term. We know beyond any reasonable doubt that there's
               | significant genetic, cultural, and political ancestry
               | tying modern Puebloan groups to the the people who
               | inhabited Mesa Verde (and other earlier pueblos). "Most"
               | went east to the Rio Grande area, but plenty went west
               | too. Some Hopi ancestry also comes from other groups to
               | the north, west and south (into modern Mexico) where
               | Puebloan groups no longer exist.
               | 
               | With that said, Spanish and American colonization of the
               | Southwest has _radically_ changed the landscape. Much of
               | what 's now low brush used to be substantially more
               | vegetated, similar to organ pipe national monument.
               | Mesquite was rare outside intentional cultivation. It's
               | actually an invasive species from the separate Chihuahuan
               | deserts in Texas that was spread alongside cattle.
               | Another fun fact is that prior to colonization, no part
               | of AZ+NM was more than a day's walk from water (~20mi),
               | which was important to long distance travel and later the
               | Apache wars. That's no longer true due to groundwater
               | depletion.
        
               | OfSanguineFire wrote:
               | Do you have a citation on mesquite spreading from Texas
               | with cattle? I ask because the aforementioned information
               | boards in the Anza-Borrego State Park speak of the local
               | Native American population consuming mesquite, and
               | Wikipedia, too, says the same about those Cahuilla people
               | of southern California. From what I gather, it is only
               | certain species that have later been invasive?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | slashdev wrote:
         | What's the proposed mechanism for that? It doesn't seem
         | plausible to me on the surface.
        
       | xhkkffbf wrote:
       | I've heard about some efforts to regreen the desert by careful
       | planting and geoforming. Anyone know anything about this? It
       | would be cool if it could work, even partially.
        
         | daneel_w wrote:
         | There are projects going on in both China and on the African
         | continent. Search for "Great Green Wall".
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | China has gone through various tries of this for the last
           | couple of decades. The first tries failed horribly because of
           | lack of water and they sent the wrong trees to be planted for
           | the ecology they were going into. I'm not sure how their
           | current try is going, we will just have to see when/if the
           | dust storms stop coming in the spring.
        
       | mycall wrote:
       | Sahara could be green again in the future once the East African
       | Rift becomes a new ocean 10 million years from now.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Would it though? The trade winds converge over central Africa,
         | which is already quite lush, so presumably any extra moisture
         | would just be deposited there instead of a few thousand miles
         | to the north.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | skymast wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | monlockandkey wrote:
       | When was this research established? I've heard about this a few
       | years ago but when was it found that Arabia was green
       | historically?
        
       | kefabean wrote:
       | It obviously doesn't cover the why of Sahara's greening, but for
       | anyone who has access to BBC iPlayer, the following programme [1]
       | has a nice summary of humanity's journey out of Africa.
       | 
       | It's amazing that the majority of the world's population is
       | descended from the couple of hundred individuals that left during
       | one of these greening periods.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00kfqps/the-
       | incredibl...
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-18 23:00 UTC)