[HN Gopher] Plants can detect sound
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Plants can detect sound
        
       Author : lxm
       Score  : 181 points
       Date   : 2023-09-18 01:29 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | qlm wrote:
       | Boquila trifoliolata appears to mimic surrounding leaves and the
       | mechanism is currently unknown. One (controversial) hypothesis is
       | that it has some sort of vision.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boquila
        
         | monlockandkey wrote:
         | Wow this is insane. I wonder if this could have real world
         | application?
        
           | fellowmartian wrote:
           | Plant-based surveillance cameras, obviously.
        
         | dtjb wrote:
         | >"This is a deeply flawed article based on a poorly designed
         | experiment and reflects significant author bias in the
         | interpretation of the results," wrote Washington State
         | University horticultural physiologist Linda Chalker-Scott in a
         | blog post earlier this year.
         | 
         | https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/can-plants-see-in...
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | > One hypothesis is that volatile organic compounds emitted
         | from host plant leaves induce a phenotypic change in nearby B.
         | trifoliolata leaves. By receiving different host signals into
         | its system, it is able to create specific signals and hormones
         | in its tissues to regulate gene transcription of leaf
         | morphology and developmental pathways for leaf
         | differentiation.[12] The other hypothesis is that there could
         | be horizontal gene transfer between the host and B.
         | trifoliolata. A separate study also conducted by Gianoli et al.
         | suggests that bacterial agents, which could mediate a
         | horizontal gene transfer, may play a role in leaf mimicry by B.
         | trifoliolata.
         | 
         | See, here are two perfectly reasonable explanations for the
         | mimicry that don't involve "seeing" anything.
         | 
         | > A 2021 paper suggested that the plant has some sort of vision
         | using ocelli. This hypothesis was presented on the basis of
         | experiments in which the vine appeared to mimic plastic vines
         | and artificial plants.
         | 
         | Plastic vines and artificial plants too!? There go those two
         | theories.
        
         | Aerroon wrote:
         | Plants having some form of vision doesn't that extraordinary of
         | an idea to me. They can clearly detect light because of
         | photosynthesis. Plants will also grow/turn towards the light.
         | Ie they have a way to detect light. It doesn't seem that crazy
         | to me that they could have some mutation that uses the
         | information the plant gets from light.
        
         | LoveMortuus wrote:
         | Paper on the experiment, where they test if the plant will
         | mimic the leaves of an artificial plastic plant:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903786/
         | 
         | Quite a read, I hope others replicate the study, because this
         | is fascinating. If we're able to really point in the direction
         | that the plant uses vision to mimic other plants leaves (even
         | artificial plant), I wonder how that vision works!
        
           | dncornholio wrote:
           | There should have been multiple types mimic-leaves because we
           | cannot rule out this is the plants normal growth.
           | 
           | Also should have let the plant grow without any mimic leaves
           | and with an actually growing plant.
        
             | david-gpu wrote:
             | _> There should have been multiple types mimic-leaves
             | because we cannot rule out this is the plants normal
             | growth._
             | 
             | From the Wikipedia article [0] linked by the GP:
             | 
             |  _> Ernesto Gianoli said  "Boquila's leaves are
             | extraordinarily diverse. The biggest ones can be 10 times
             | bigger than the smallest, and they can vary from very light
             | to very dark. In around three-quarters of cases, they are
             | similar to the closest leaf from another tree, matching it
             | in size, area, length of stalk, angle, and color. Boquila's
             | leaves can even grow a spiny tip when, and only when, it
             | climbs onto a shrub with spine-tipped leaves."[5]_
             | 
             |  _> When there are no nearby host leaves to influence them,
             | the normal leaves of B. trifoliolata are relatively short
             | and light green with rounded edges.[6]_
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boquila
        
       | archsurface wrote:
       | "Plants don't have ears." - Learn something new every day.
        
         | slimsag wrote:
         | This seems verifiably false, too. Why else would it be called
         | an 'ear' of corn?
        
           | archsurface wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | eclecticfrank wrote:
         | Don't trust everything on the internet. At least some plants
         | have ears. [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_(botany)
        
           | archsurface wrote:
           | Equivocation fallacy.
        
       | endorphine wrote:
       | Perhaps a better title would be: "Plants can detect sound".
        
         | bigbacaloa wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | signa11 wrote:
       | in this regard, i am always reminded of pioneering (in true sense
       | of that word) work of jagdish-chandra-bose
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose).
       | 
       | it truly is fascinating !
        
         | jamiek88 wrote:
         | Ahem, that is Sir Jagdesh.
         | 
         | :)
        
           | signa11 wrote:
           | ah yes, ofcourse ! i stand corrected...
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | This post definitely needs a link to the wonderful book by Ed
       | Yong, An Immense World. Given all that even simple animals can
       | sense and affect, it is not surprising that plants will hold
       | further sensory surprises.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Immense-World-Animal-Senses-Reveal/dp...
        
       | noman-land wrote:
       | This may sound like a dumb question but can anyone explain to me
       | why our senses are not all just considered touch? Molecules touch
       | your tongue and you taste things. Molecules touch your nose and
       | you smell things. Air vibrates your inner ear hairs and you hear
       | things. Photons hit your eyes and you see things (not sure if
       | this counts but it seems like it could).
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | Touch is measuring motion or sustained pressure. Taste doesn't
         | care about how hard the molecules hit your taste receptors,
         | only if they bind to the taste receptors or not. Our eyes don't
         | measure the photon pressure[1], the photons react with the
         | atoms in our photoreceptor cells[2] triggering an
         | electrochemical process.
         | 
         | Our sense of hearing is the closest to touch. We have hairs on
         | our body which is part of our sense of touch, which react to
         | motion and pressure, both from physical objects and the air
         | around us.
         | 
         | Similarly the hairs in our ears react to the pressure waves of
         | the air around us. However a big difference is that they're
         | shielded by the ear drum and don't react to sustained pressure,
         | only relatively high-frequency air pressure changes.
         | 
         | Why we call them different things is mostly because they're
         | used for different tasks. An electrical generator and an
         | electrical motor can be the same thing, it's just what it's
         | used for.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure
         | 
         | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_phototransduction
        
           | quietbritishjim wrote:
           | If you're going to categorise senses into the usual five,
           | which is what seems to be going on here, then hot, cold and
           | pain are going to count as "touch" too. Those aren't about
           | measuring motion so this explanation doesn't seem to work.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | Hot and cold do measure motion, if we want to be very
             | technical (since temperature is just a measure of the
             | average momentum of molecules).
             | 
             | Pain should probably be considered a separate sense indeed,
             | though it can also be argued it is something different from
             | the senses themselves, since it is fully internal, it
             | doesn't reveal some fact about the outside world.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | _Trigger warning: description of medical procedure._
               | 
               | Yes pain seems more like the interpretation of sense
               | data, like if something sounds nice or tastes good?
               | 
               | When I had an operation under local anesthetic I still
               | felt the knife cutting into me, but was able to interpret
               | it as not painful? This is how opiates (for pain relief)
               | have been described to me -- still allowing you to feel
               | the sensations but allowing you to not 'feel' the pain.
               | 
               | Perhaps seeing with human biology knowledge can tell me
               | why this is wrong!?
        
             | memen wrote:
             | > Although in some cultures five human senses were
             | traditionally identified as such (namely sight, smell,
             | touch, taste, and hearing), it is now recognized that there
             | are many more.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense
        
               | quietbritishjim wrote:
               | Yes of course (e.g. orientation from inner ear;
               | proprioception; and others). But the context of the
               | conversation was about the traditional understanding of
               | "touch". I was trying to avoid the commenter I was
               | replying to backing out of their point saying that they
               | considered hot/cold and pain to be separate senses.
        
         | throwaway_ab wrote:
         | Sure, any interaction between our bodies and the universe can
         | be considered an interaction of touch.
         | 
         | All of our senses involve some form of matter/energy touching
         | us.
         | 
         | - Photons touching our retina cells...
         | 
         | - Molecules touching our taste buds...
         | 
         | - Air molecules touching our ear hairs...
         | 
         | - Some amount of matter or electromagnetic energy touching our
         | skin...
         | 
         | - Molecules touching our olfactory sensory neurons...
         | 
         | IMO we do not describe them as all just being touch as:
         | 
         | 1) Saying they all are touch doesn't help differentiate the
         | different senses and how they work.
         | 
         | 2) It's a bit too low level.
         | 
         | This is similar to saying there is no need for the separate
         | disciplines of biology & chemistry because it's all just
         | physics after all. So we might as well dump those subjects
         | completely.
         | 
         | Imagine being introduced to science at school but there is only
         | one subject, physics, so you only "eventually" learn chemistry
         | & biology through the lens of their physical atomic
         | interactions.
         | 
         | Imagine trying to describe a cell through the frame of atomic
         | interactions and no higher level abstractions allowed.
         | 
         | All science being physics is far less useful than being able to
         | step over the base level going's on and make higher level
         | abstractions so that you work at the appropriate
         | "topology/focus/subdivision" level for the scientific
         | discipline in question.
         | 
         | Anyways that's what I thought of when considering all senses
         | are touch, it's just a bit too low level and ambiguous to be
         | useful.
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | "The map is not the territory."
           | 
           | - Alfred Korzybski
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%E2%80%93territory_relation
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | I would say: for useful abstraction. Both when speaking about
         | them in everyday life, and studying them.
        
         | emrah wrote:
         | They could be. We have words to describe the special types of
         | touch so we can differentiate them
        
         | Propelloni wrote:
         | You might enjoy reading Hermann von Helmholtz' and Ernst Mach's
         | writings on sensory perception. If you do, you could do worse
         | then to continue to read up on category philosophy. A seminal
         | work would be Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.
        
         | rafale wrote:
         | I think collision or interaction are better words. The word
         | touch is meant for bigger objects, like hands, animals,
         | furniture, fabrics, not molecules and electromagnetic
         | radiation.
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | > This may sound like a dumb question but can anyone explain to
         | me why our senses are not all just considered touch?
         | 
         | It is a dumb question. How would categorizing all our senses as
         | "sense of touch" be in anyway useful? Why would we categorize
         | obviously different things that work entirely differently as
         | the same because, "at the end of the day, everything is atoms"
         | 
         | "Did you lose both your sense of touch and your sense of touch
         | when you got COVID?"
         | 
         | "No, I thankfully, I only lost my sense of touch."
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | Sort of reminds me of the argument that nothing can be
         | artificial because we, as natural beings are making said things
         | and thus following the chain, everything is technically
         | originated from nature.
         | 
         | It's technically correct and does highlight that calling
         | something artificial doesn't make it inherently inferior to
         | something natural, but if we extended the meaning of natural
         | like that, the term artificial would become meaningless while
         | the need to distinguish between the "naturalness" of a CPU vs a
         | plant would remain.
        
         | aeturnum wrote:
         | I recommend you check out An Immense world by Ed Yong - many
         | senses are arguably 'touch tuned for something'. Though taste
         | and smell and vision are not.
        
         | camillomiller wrote:
         | Isn't touch a biological pressure sensor though? Could be
         | similar to hearing, sure, but taste, smell and sight are
         | definitely more like chemical and electromagnetic sensors.
        
         | Calavar wrote:
         | If you want to get that reductive, ultimately everything in the
         | universe is just particles and forces and interactions between
         | them, and any concepts beyond that are arbitrary lines drawn by
         | us humans in an attempt to organize the chaos.
         | 
         | In the case of senses, it's about perception. We perceive the
         | signals from our retinas differently than the ones from our
         | fingertips, so we give them different names (sight vs. touch).
         | 
         | There are also differences in the "hardware" -- sight and touch
         | signals start with different kinds of receptors, travel down
         | different nerves, and are processed in different parts of the
         | brain -- but the hardware differences don't map 1:1 to the way
         | that we categorize senses. For example, pain and pressure are
         | processed by entirely different types of receptors, but we
         | still call them both touch. On the flip side, balance and
         | hearing share a lot of the same hardware, but we consider them
         | to be different senses.
        
         | zelphirkalt wrote:
         | Similar to a question I had in physics class at school, which
         | was quickly brushed aside by the teacher, who wanted to
         | continue with the content: Why is temperature one of the base
         | units? Isn't temperature just movement as well? Nowadays I know
         | I was more or less right. Just that 1 molecule moving hardly
         | makes temperature and one probably needs a large number.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | - The average movement of a solid is often zero, while its
           | temperature is usually higher.
           | 
           | - Movement has an implied direction even if we ignore it
           | sometimes. Temperature does not.
           | 
           | - A gas molecule can move a lot but have low temperature
           | because it has little to collide with.
           | 
           | It's more accurate to talk about vibration/collisions rather
           | than movement.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | truculent wrote:
         | Because all those things feel different to touch
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Because that would be an incredibly useless categorisation of
         | very different senses.
        
         | RugnirViking wrote:
         | touch isn't one sense either. You have separate organs in the
         | skin for high and low frequency vibrations, pressure, and more.
         | 
         | Merkel's disks (close to surface, sense edges and slight
         | pressure) Meissner corpuscles (close to surface, sense fine
         | vibrations) Pacinian corpuscles (Deep, sense low frequency
         | vibrations and heavy pressure) Ruffini endings (Sense skin
         | stretching)
         | 
         | Not to mention other touch-like senses like pain, heat/cold,
         | and burns. There are also separate dedicated mechanisms for
         | erogenous zones (Krause end-bulbs) Your brain does a fine job
         | interpreting all of these together but they are totally
         | different biological mechanisms
        
         | xkcd-sucks wrote:
         | > but can anyone explain to me why our senses are not all just
         | considered touch
         | 
         | s/considered/named/ , if everything were called "touch" then
         | we'd need new language to differentiate between stuff
         | interacting with visible light, air pressure waves, etc. \
         | 
         | The other question is can the sense of "touch" be broken down
         | further? And the answer is yes, there are distinct "sense of
         | touch" systems that measure different kinds of movement
         | (stretching, low frequency vibration, high frequency vibration,
         | ...) and these are used in ways that may be surprising (e.g.
         | feeling details of a surface is mediated more through
         | vibrations than by "displacement/distance" type senses)
         | 
         | also for building practical intuition, they can be temporarily
         | turned off via adaptation - i.e. hold on to something vibrating
         | at 20Hz for a few minutes, now you've blown out the Meissner's
         | Corpuscle / low freq system while retaining the others
         | 
         | Some intro material below                   -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system         - ht
         | tps://pressbooks.umn.edu/sensationandperception/chapter/mechano
         | receptors-draft/         - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics
         | /neuroscience/mechanoreceptor                             -
         | chapters are on scihub: https://sci-
         | hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-2411-0.00024-1
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | next up: plants suffer and try to avoid suffering, vegans die out
       | due to inability to reduce suffering or move the goal post to
       | something selfishly convenient just like everyone else.
       | 
       | just a matter of time.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | It should be a red flag when you're hoping for huge shake-up
         | discoveries in the future to justify your behavior today.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | I believe plants are valid organisms that avoid negative
           | stimuli and that this undermines 'suffer' based consumption
           | arguments
           | 
           | There are other plant consumption / meat avoidance
           | preferences I am completely fine with
        
         | 0daystock wrote:
         | Flawed argument because animals still eat 10x the amount of
         | plants vegans do. So if plant suffering was a legitimate
         | concern, one would still be vegan, which is a lifestyle to
         | reduce harm to animals.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | there are plenty of reasons to be avoid eating meat that have
           | nothing to do with reducing harm to animals.
           | 
           | and animals consuming plants has nothing to do with any of
           | your observations. If this was a standardized test prompt,
           | your first sentence would be erroneous information.
        
         | petemir wrote:
         | Surely this study has been funded by the meat industry.
        
       | patrickscoleman wrote:
       | Just read "The Day of the Triffids" by John Wyndham (1951)[1].
       | It's a great, classic horror sci-fi novel where plants can hear
       | and talk to each other. Big influence for "Annihilation" and "28
       | Days Later." Gotta love it when some crazy fictional idea turns
       | out to have some factual (?) basis.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Triffids
        
         | kilolima wrote:
         | I think Annihilation is more a shameless remake of Stalker, as
         | far as going into a "Zone" where an alien influence has changed
         | the nature of reality.
        
           | barrysteve wrote:
           | Similar structure, yes.
           | 
           | The questions about the realness of the Zone and the motives
           | of the characters, allowed for much deeper and broader
           | implications.
           | 
           | Annihilation was more specific and overlapped too much with
           | explicit pre-existing myth(s), to be a remake of Stalker.
        
           | saberience wrote:
           | I thought Annihilation is more of a re-thinking of HP
           | Lovecrafts story "The Colour out of Space". You should
           | totally read it, it's fantastically creepy and clearly
           | influenced the film.
        
           | gavinmckenzie wrote:
           | I thought the accepted explanation of Annihilation was a
           | metaphor for cancer. The slow seemingly unstoppable spread.
           | Mutations creating new things that mimic the familiar but in
           | often grotesque ways, mechanistically expanding to
           | destructively consume everything in its path into a new form
           | of life.
        
           | rocketbop wrote:
           | Annihilation reminded me of Ballard's The Crystal World in
           | which all living things are slowly but surely being consumed.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | I wouldn't say Annihilation is in any way a remake of
           | Stalker, shameless or not. It is clearly inspired by it a bit
           | in terms of setting, but it has a very different message to
           | say. Stalker was essentially a movie about faith.
           | Annihilation is a movie about self-destruction, both in the
           | destructive sense, but also as a necessary step to building a
           | new self.
           | 
           | The concept of a special zone where things are not the same
           | as in normal reality is merely a shared motif.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | I think the setting is a pretty big part of Annihilation.
             | The "about" is something that's shared by many different
             | works, but the setting is a bit more unusual.
             | 
             | So while I don't agree that it's a shameless remake, I
             | would say the most distinctive thing about it is the
             | setting, and so to some extent it's a fair cop.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | If we go into details about the setting, it is still
               | vastly different from Stalker. The Zone in Stalker is
               | only vaguely and mysteriously abnormal, in a subtle,
               | mostly faith-based kind of way.
               | 
               | By contrast, the Zone in Annihilation is very overtly
               | supernatural, and in very specific ways that are
               | important to the point it's trying to make - merging and
               | recombining humans and the problems that face them, and
               | manifesting internal struggles externally. To be fair,
               | the Zone in Roadside Picnic, the novel Stalker adapts, is
               | also more overtly supernatural, but still in a very
               | different way.
               | 
               | I really don't think it's fair to consider Stalker or
               | Roadside Picnic anything more than inspiration for
               | Annihilation.
        
           | throw0101b wrote:
           | The move _Annihilation_ was based on the book of the same
           | name (first of a trilogy):
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation_(VanderMeer_nove
           | l...
        
             | patrickscoleman wrote:
             | VanderMeer wrote the introduction for the new (Modern
             | Library) edition of "The Day of the Triffids"!
        
       | jingles_dev wrote:
       | In my studies, we place EEG electrode on them, they produce
       | different amount of electrical signals in different conditions
       | too.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | Piezoelectric sensors can hear! /s
        
       | jimmaswell wrote:
       | I ththought of this:
       | https://youtu.be/b9UO9tn4MpI?si=JhvoaRUdBLed-LBR
        
         | Fnoord wrote:
         | This one of the same author is equally interesting [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGmlDY2sDg8
        
         | Fnoord wrote:
         | I thought of this [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Plants
        
         | borissk wrote:
         | Crazy russians :)
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | I was reading about this last week and the thing that struck me
       | is that _every_ experiment was  "plants respond more to <musical
       | genre> than <other musical genre>", or male voices vs female
       | voices or swearing vs compliments.
       | 
       | It's total pseudoscience designed to generate comedy science
       | articles and press releases.
       | 
       | If anyone actually cared about this they'd be playing sine waves
       | and white noise at various frequencies and amplitudes. You'd see
       | a graph of growth vs frequency or whatever.
       | 
       | I couldn't find anything like that though. Does this article have
       | it (can't read due to paywall).
        
         | lacrimacida wrote:
         | Science for clicks
        
       | xbmcuser wrote:
       | I guess this answers the question If a Tree Falls in the Forest
       | and There's No One Around to Hear It, Does It Make a Sound? yes
       | the trees do hear it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Ok, so I wonder if my plants would do better if I recorded jungle
       | sounds and played them back when I'm not at home.
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | There were quite some experiments in that direction, but using
         | music. I don't recall the name or have a link to such a study
         | at hand (and I do question and never researched how scientific
         | it was done) but the plants seemed to prefer Ravi Shankar
         | instead of Heavy Metal.
        
       | sebmellen wrote:
       | Mother Earth's Plantasia -- _warm earth music for plants and the
       | people who love them_
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZkR3PyHTs0
        
       | Modified3019 wrote:
       | As an aside, insects often use their feet to "hear" vibrations
       | from the plant they are standing on, allowing them to seemingly
       | "silently" communicate with others on that plant by transmitting
       | vibrations through it, or detect when an animal is coming along.
       | 
       | Notably in my experience, corn rootworm beetle were especially
       | adept at hearing me walking along through corn and hiding before
       | there was any possibility of seeing me. I'd have to stop and be
       | still for a minute for them to start crawling about again.
        
       | belter wrote:
       | Why the change in the title? It is not the original and there is
       | nothing clikbaity about it. Is HN now editorializing the
       | Economist?
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | The "plants don't have ears" part of the original title was, at
         | best, unnecessarily folksy.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | Guidelines say: "Otherwise please use the original title,
           | unless it is misleading or linkbait; don't editorialize."
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | I'm saying is probably click bait.
        
         | lmpdev wrote:
         | Concision?
        
       | borissk wrote:
       | Unpaywalled: https://archive.ph/SVoRk
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | Corn has ears.
        
         | DangitBobby wrote:
         | Fortran77: 1
         | 
         | The Economist: 0
        
         | borissk wrote:
         | And a strong political lobby in US :)
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Corn are Legal People?
        
       | bpanon wrote:
       | "The Secret Life of Plants" is a great book on this subject.
        
       | darkflame91 wrote:
       | Roald Dahl wrote a short story, 'The Sound Machine' that's on
       | very similar lines. Looks like it can be found in its entirety
       | here: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1949/09/17/the-sound-
       | mach...
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | Oh wow. I've been trying to find that story for decades but
         | couldn't remember title or author. I read it as a teenager and
         | it left an impression. Thank you for posting!
        
       | mecsred wrote:
       | I understand that this is probably my ignorance making me kind of
       | an ass here, but my gut response is "obviously?". They're
       | pressure waves, literally forces acting directly on the plant!
       | Imagine reporting that plants can grow differently if you grab
       | them and yank them around a bit every once in a while.
        
         | bobbiechen wrote:
         | I think it's interesting to contrast to vision/light:
         | similarly, there is a physical effect which we can perceive
         | "from a distance". But vision varies wildly even among animals,
         | and there are plenty of wavelengths of light that we can't
         | perceive. I enjoyed a brief discussion of this in Andy Weir's
         | The Martian (no spoilers here).
        
       | borissk wrote:
       | I won't be surprised if single cell organisms, even prokaryotes
       | can detect and react to sound - just a matter of more research to
       | find out how.
        
         | addaon wrote:
         | > I won't be surprised if single cell organisms, even
         | prokaryotes can detect and react to sound
         | 
         | It would have to be pretty insanely high in the ultrasound. A
         | 30 kHz (above the top of usual audible sound range) wave is
         | around 10 mm (10000 um) in wavelength; a typical prokaryote is
         | of order 1 um. While there are some uses for MHz-scale
         | ultrasound, the attenuation starts getting pretty insane --
         | there's just not much energy at the scale of gigahertz sound to
         | detect.
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | Why would you assume that the order of magnitude of the
           | animal is similar to the wavelength? Elephants can
           | communicate with as low as 1hz. The wavelength of that is
           | over 300m.
           | 
           | If the amplitude is high enough, human too can comfortably
           | "feel" infrasonic.
        
           | bacon_waffle wrote:
           | Imagine an elevator that moves up and down its shaft with a
           | sinusoidal elevation over time. Riding in that elevator, one
           | could detect frequencies with quite long wavelengths compared
           | to the size of a person.
           | 
           | A less abstract example is a boat at sea.
        
           | borissk wrote:
           | Interesting, but a longer wave will still have some impact,
           | that can be detected by a smaller organism - or not?
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | There was an experiment where a scientist (I think it was Pask)
       | built a cybernetic chemical machine in a petri dish. When the
       | requirement to respond to sound was introduced, the machine grew
       | "ears": spines of different lengths (that therefore vibrated at
       | different resonant frequencies like the hairs in the inner ear.)
       | (One of the most fascinating and terrifying experiments ever
       | conducted IMO.)
       | 
       | Then there was the famous case of the program optimized by
       | genetic programming that wouldn't function correctly on any but
       | the FPGA it was evolved on; the program had adapted itself to
       | idiosyncrasies of the hardware that were invisible on the level
       | of the specification.
       | 
       | Just as Lord Kelvin's Thunderstorm _evolves_ an electric charge
       | so evolution, uh, evolves whatever potentialities are there and
       | adaptive.
       | 
       | In sum, duh. Of course plants are sensitive to sound. The
       | contradictory hypothesis would be that there's nothing useful to
       | plants in their soundscape. And doesn't that sound obviously
       | silly?
        
       | aschearer wrote:
       | They don't have eyes but can detect light, too...
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | they don't have feet but they can detect gravity too and grow
         | vertically when they can
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | pseudoscience, unability to apply the most basic self-criticism
       | [1], and low quality papermills churning turd-ticles in action.
       | 
       | [1] Stop reading at "Plants living near a busy road have their
       | grow stunt because noise", that is just the dumbest explanation
       | available in the bag. Do they noticed that those areas are
       | typically contaminated with heavy metals?
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | > pseudoscience, unability to apply the most basic self-
         | criticism [1], and low quality papermills churning turd-ticles
         | in action.
         | 
         | This eloquently and entirely refutes all the claims, excellent
         | work.
        
         | yojo wrote:
         | That's not what the article said. Verbatim quote (emphasis
         | mine):
         | 
         | "...marigolds and sage plants _exposed to the noise_ of traffic
         | from a busy motorway suffered stunted growth"
         | 
         | There's a link in the article with more details on the
         | experimental design:
         | 
         | "The plants were grown from seed and allowed to mature for two
         | months in the same space before they were divided into two
         | groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise
         | recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The
         | other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had
         | passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded
         | leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied."
         | 
         | The plants were exposed to sound in a lab, with a control
         | group. They were not actually next to a motorway.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | Evolving that system still does not have sense from neither a
           | biological point of view, nor from a common sense. This came
           | from the (incorrect) assumption than nature is quiet.
           | 
           | Exactly the opposite to what we can empirically observe: The
           | tallest, fast growing plants live in extremely loudly places
           | called rainforests. Only the ocean is louder
           | 
           | 73Db is a joke. Many of the animals here are incredibly loud.
           | Common coqui frogs sing all night long at 90 Db, 20,000 frogs
           | in each hectare. The place is filled with cicadas, Howling
           | Monkeys, and Wild Red fowl roosters competing to be the most
           | annoying thing. Cotinga birds and friends sing at 110-125
           | Db!. non stop, by day... Do we think that plants care about
           | that? They couldn't grow faster.
        
             | skeaker wrote:
             | How do you explain the difference in growth rate under
             | controlled conditions, then?
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | > How do you explain the difference in growth rate under
               | controlled conditions, then?
               | 
               | There is not a lack of candidates:
               | 
               | Riding the academy game (plants must be sentient now,
               | just because this is where the money is now), pure luck
               | (moving more of the better genetics to one group just by
               | random), cherry picking (The experiment results were
               | publishable the 49th time, pffew), or giving your
               | greyhound a helping hand without even noticing it. Choose
               | one, there are much more other coming.
               | 
               | This single study is irrelevant because is negated by a
               | million of empirical observations in the real life. We
               | need to just stop for a minute and apply some old good
               | common sense.
               | 
               | To start Tagetes and Salvia are two extremely popular
               | plants cultured in every f*k roundabout of each big city
               | in this planet.
               | 
               | Because they grow perfectly well in this (really noisy)
               | conditions. How I know this? Because I like culturing
               | plants, so I know what to expect. And this knowledge does
               | not came from academy. Is achieved killing a few tons of
               | plants by mistake like I did, and trying again. This is
               | what this teams seem to be lacking. They are blind to the
               | big picture. They just believe what they want to believe.
               | 
               | Moreover, Tagetes and Salvia are unrelated,
               | representatives of two different families with two very
               | different defense strategies. Why they would need to
               | evolve the same sound sensors twice?.
               | 
               | There are tens thousands of counterexamples in the real
               | world, against this single result (But then you don't
               | have a career, of course).
        
               | skeaker wrote:
               | > Riding the academy game (plants must be sentient now,
               | just because this is where the money is now), pure luck
               | (moving more of the better genetics to one group just by
               | random), cherry picking (The experiment results were
               | publishable the 49th time) or giving your greyhound a
               | helping hand (and faking the results). Choose one, there
               | are much more other coming.
               | 
               | In other words, "they are liars," "they did not account
               | for genetics and there just happened to be mutations that
               | killed samples in one group," "they are liars," or "they
               | are liars." To your credit, point 2 could have very well
               | happened and I can't seem to find an actual citation in
               | the article to determine that it didn't, but I dislike
               | your reasons to doubt them on all other points. You could
               | hardly trust anything at all following that logic.
               | 
               | Not to say that I doubt your experience. They certainly
               | didn't test every plant in existence under every possible
               | condition. I am certain that their results don't apply to
               | everything.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | adyashakti wrote:
       | this is old news. we were doing experiments with plants and music
       | back in the 1960s. but nobody liked our results because we found
       | that modern styles are toxic, and ancient vedic sacred chants are
       | the most nourishing sound vibrations.
        
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