[HN Gopher] A small Universe
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       A small Universe
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 31 points
       Date   : 2023-09-12 19:12 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | lainga wrote:
       | One may also read https://phys.org/news/2023-09-case-small-
       | universe.html to get an overview of what the mentioned
       | "swamplands programme" is
        
         | zuminator wrote:
         | Nice summary, although it has a rather glaring "thinko" in an
         | early paragraph, where it points out that, because of the age
         | of the visible universe being around 13 billion years, a naive
         | calculation of the universe's diameter would be 26 billion
         | light years across, but that because of cosmic inflation, it's
         | "46 billion light years across [sic]." That should be ~46 bly
         | in _radius_ , in other words, ~93 bly across.
        
       | hprotagonist wrote:
       | where "small" here means the many trillions of stars in the
       | observed universe.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | Yes, still very big. You might think it's a long way round the
         | corner to the chemist, but that's just peanuts to space.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | zuminator wrote:
         | More or less, although the paper is talking about somewhere
         | between "a few times larger than the currently observable size"
         | (p.3) to "not more than a few orders of magnitude larger" (p.6)
         | Either of which counts as "small" in comparison with the
         | generally _infinite_ size implied by current solutions of our
         | flat curvature models.
         | 
         | (Totally unrelated question: How are you getting proper open-
         | closed quotes?)
        
           | virtualritz wrote:
           | > Totally unrelated question: How are you getting proper
           | open-closed quotes?
           | 
           | On a Mac you have them on some keys by holding down a
           | modifier.
           | 
           | On Windows and Linux you need to use a utility of some sorts
           | or modify key bindings for your desktop environment.
           | 
           | On Android you hold the resp. quote key on the virtual
           | keyboard to get a selection of resp. quotes to choose from.
           | 
           | On that note: a good typographer will use single quotes for
           | quoting 'single' words.
        
           | checkyoursudo wrote:
           | "On my Mac, Swedish keyboard, it is option-shift-n and -m to
           | get these quotation marks."
           | 
           | Otherwise, the shift-2 quote marks are " straight. Mac
           | English surely has them somewhere, but not necessarily those
           | keys.
           | 
           | If you have linux, then you can use the compose key, like
           | this (according to the internet, my linux box is 1000 km away
           | right now so can't test)
           | 
           | [Compose] < " for "
           | 
           | [Compose] > " for "
           | 
           | No idea about Windows.
        
           | causality0 wrote:
           | _generally infinite_
           | 
           | How infinite is "generally infinite"? Are we talking infinite
           | enough it's not productive to talk about its size, or so
           | infinite there are physical copies of the solar system,
           | earth, and everyone it it by sheer chance?
        
             | zuminator wrote:
             | My apologies. By "generally infinite" I merely meant
             | "generally thought of as infinite," not like I was invoking
             | some special class of nigh-infinitude. By the way, I
             | wouldn't say an infinite universe doesn't necessarily imply
             | that everything exactly repeats. Take any irrational number
             | like pi. We know for a fact that it doesn't repeat itself
             | exactly because if it did, it would not be irrational.
             | Although it seems likely that pi is "normal" and that any
             | finite segment of it will repeat infinitely many times,
             | that is not a requirement of all infinite numbers. One
             | could imagine a number called _pu_ where every 9 but the
             | first is replaced with a 0. So, 3.1415926535807032, etc.
             | What can we say about pu? It a) is an actual number with a
             | precise definition, b) is infinitely long, c) is aperiodic
             | thus irrational, but d) only has one 9 in its entire
             | infinitely long decimal expansion. Similarly, the cosmos
             | might conceivably have some  "one off" features that never
             | repeat, even if it is infinite.
             | 
             | But I still haven't answered your question. My answer is,
             | yes, if spacetime curvature is exactly 0, then it's my
             | understanding (as a non-cosmologist) that the equations
             | imply that the universe is _that_ infinite such that
             | conceivably everything could in principle repeat an
             | infinite number of times. Although I myself am curious what
             | the estimated size of just the non-repeating part would be.
        
       | mika69 wrote:
       | I never heard of the term 'swampland conjectures' before.. Any
       | resources to dive in to this topic?
        
         | jug wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swampland_(physics)
        
       | anon____ wrote:
       | The galaxy is on Orion's belt.
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-12 23:01 UTC)