[HN Gopher] Rockstar is selling cracked game copies on Steam
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Rockstar is selling cracked game copies on Steam
        
       Author : robbiet480
       Score  : 318 points
       Date   : 2023-09-05 17:01 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | ghusbands wrote:
       | Note that, as mentioned later in the twitter thread, the
       | executable in the screenshots (testapp.exe) is not used. It was
       | briefly used like a decade ago but has since been replaced; they
       | just haven't removed it from the distribution, for some reason.
        
       | tj-teej wrote:
       | Related story, I remember years ago as a kid I bought a Prince of
       | Persia PC game at a yardsale (on a CD), but early on in the game
       | there was a riddle where you needed a password to get through
       | this door, it was some cryptic message of a few numbers.
       | 
       | I don't remember the exact format but it turned out the riddle
       | was instructing me to go to page X, line Y and character Z of the
       | manual for the game!
       | 
       | I remember being so sad that I couldn't play anymore because I
       | didn't have the manual but in retrospect I wonder if this was an
       | anti-piracy strategy
        
         | spelunker wrote:
         | I remember doing this for the original X-COM: UFO Defense.
         | Actually I wonder how the Steam versions of these games work?
         | Do they just include a PDF of the original manual?
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | Yes, this was a common copy protection in old games!
         | 
         | There's a big list on mobygames here:
         | https://www.mobygames.com/group/9360/games-with-manual-looku...
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | >I wonder if this was an anti-piracy strategy
         | 
         | Totally, and exceptionally common. It was popular in the '80
         | and the early '90.
        
         | rsstack wrote:
         | Sim Earth had the same thing! It would ask you a question like
         | "How many moons does Saturn have?" and the manual had some fact
         | sheets at the end with all the numbers. Wikipedia was not
         | around yet, and their fact sheets having slightly different
         | numbers than encyclopedias due to different sources and publish
         | date (moon counts change often, and measurements in meters for
         | anything astronomical have randomness due to imprecisions).
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | It was common as well to use these things called Code Wheels:
         | 
         | https://archive.org/details/code-wheels
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_wheel
        
           | pimlottc wrote:
           | > https://archive.org/details/code-wheels
           | 
           | Oh dang, these are fun, I remember the classic Monkey Island
           | "Dial-A-Pirate" wheel [3]
           | 
           | FYI you can use these without downloading the whole
           | collection:
           | 
           | - Under Download Options, click "SHOW ALL" to see the list of
           | files [1]
           | 
           | - Find the zip file for the game you want and click "View
           | Contents" [2]
           | 
           | - Click the "HTM" file listed [3]
           | 
           | Kudos to the kind soul who took the extra effort to package
           | them as single-file self-contained html docs!
           | 
           | 1: https://archive.org/download/code-wheels
           | 
           | 2: https://ia904503.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/
           | 22...
           | 
           | 3: https://ia904503.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/
           | 22...
        
         | milesvp wrote:
         | I remember when I was young getting a game from my older
         | sister's college boyfriend. Gave me the game on disks, and also
         | a photocopied manual just for this same purpose. Used to be
         | super common for games to use these kinds of checks for anti
         | piracy. I thought it was super funny though, because the game
         | was pretty old, and I was confused why this guy didn't know how
         | to find a cracked version of the game to avoid having to pull
         | out a 60 page manual just to play.
        
         | AbraKdabra wrote:
         | GTA IV has something similar, if you play a cracked copy
         | eventually the camera starts to wobble and it makes it
         | impossible to play, and it makes it look like a bug. I remember
         | thousands of players asking in the forums why their camera was
         | shaking without knowing they're telling everyone they had a
         | pirated game. Hilarious move from Rockstar.
         | 
         | For those wondering, yes it happened to me, it was absolutely
         | infuriating like "man this fucking game is full of bugs", lol.
        
         | szatkus wrote:
         | This was even more confusing for me, because the versions of
         | those games I played were usually already cracked and accepted
         | any input. So I was wondering what's the point.
        
       | apples_oranges wrote:
       | This reminds me of a (popular) iOS game that had a little bug. I
       | reported it hoping for a quick fix and they replied that the
       | developer was no longer available to fix it, but they can refund
       | me the app price..
        
       | Agingcoder wrote:
       | Razor 1911 ! I had completely forgotten about them. They cracked
       | games in the 1990s, and if memory serves well, there was a nice
       | ascii art logo that came with games.
       | 
       | Apparently they've been active again since 2010, but in my ( much
       | older ) mind, steam has made piracy mostly obsolete.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_1911?wprov=sfti1
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | I think the appeal of cracks is still there for the technically
         | minded. Learning reverse engineering, understanding how to
         | circumvent technologies.
         | 
         | That seems to be the real point for these groups. Reputation
         | from reverse engineering. I certainly enjoyed my time writing
         | them. I don't know of any group that does this and doesn't
         | support the developers of the IP in question. You still end up
         | buying the software.
        
         | abestic9 wrote:
         | As good as Steam might be, it's still required for the games
         | you purchased to run, and that doesn't align with some people.
         | You own your games on Steam as much as you own your music on
         | Spotify. So priacy is still alive and well, and a lot of the
         | arguments I see for it is stripping DRM and ownership.
         | 
         | I prefer Steam over other platforms because multiplayer is
         | effortless, with a friend or at a LAN party that means means
         | more time actually playing the game. But if it's not on Steam
         | or not everyone can afford it, we're probably playing a
         | cracked, portable copy.
        
           | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Razor should sue rockstar for IP theft.
        
       | elvis70 wrote:
       | Didn't Microsoft published a Word document from a "pirated" Word
       | release in the past?
        
       | jrflowers wrote:
       | Once again Razor 1911 shows up as an important part of the
       | software archival ecosystem. Good people.
        
       | Thaxll wrote:
       | This is not new: https://torrentfreak.com/ubisofts-no-cd-answer-
       | to-drm-080718...
        
         | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
         | I don't have examples handy, but I'm pretty sure I recall
         | something similar being done for some CD-ROM re-releases of
         | games with floppy-based copy protection.
        
       | GuB-42 wrote:
       | Maybe Rockstar has former, maybe even current members of Razor
       | 1911 among their staff.
       | 
       | I mean, the scene is not a reliable way to pay the bills. You
       | need to find a "real job" at some point, and the skills you get
       | by cracking software and making demos could find good use in the
       | video game industry.
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | Why is this hex dump being used as a verification rather than
       | just showing the two (supposedly the same) hashes of the entire
       | executable themselves? Should be a quick 20 minute job for
       | whoever call themselves "journalists" today.
       | 
       | I suppose it's possible for that particular string to get into
       | the binary by some other means. Maybe failed anti-circumvention
       | that checks for known strings in its own directory or something
       | similar?
        
         | asddubs wrote:
         | why not use the hex dump, it says the name of the cracking
         | group, that's more easily verifiable than comparing hashes to
         | files you might not have
        
         | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
         | First problem: You presume this person has another executable
         | of provable provenance to check against.
         | 
         | Second problem: There could be many different official
         | executables for this game. Each would have a different hash.
         | Provenance proving applies here too.
         | 
         | Third problem: Two hash values doesn't communicate the actual
         | story as well as what this person (who may or may not be a
         | journalist, that appears to be your assumption) chose to do.
        
         | Zetobal wrote:
         | I don't know why I have to write this comment but not every
         | twitter user is a journalist...
        
         | wtallis wrote:
         | The location of the string is pretty telling: right after a 256
         | byte header, and occupying the first few bytes of a long run of
         | zeroes. This isn't how you'd expect to find a constant embedded
         | by a compiler or linker as part of code implementing a check
         | for the presence of a crack.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | First time I hear someone suggest that hashes might be a
         | superior form of journalism. The cracking group signature is a
         | smoking gun. Hashes would only show that the steam binary isn't
         | bit-wise identical with the original release, which _any_
         | solution to  "steam release can't require a CD check" would
         | imply.
         | 
         | (well, "smoking gun" in quotes, because I don't really see
         | Rockstar doing anything wrong here. Would it have been better
         | if they had zeroed out that string?)
        
         | Twirrim wrote:
         | I don't see any reference to them being a journalist, anywhere?
         | Why are you expecting some random person who saw and got
         | frustrated with something and shared it, to be a journalist?
         | 
         | Are you a journalist because you're frustrated that this person
         | isn't being a journalist...? That's kind of the same logic.
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | Rockstar owns the copyright, they can do whatever they want with
       | their games.
       | 
       | It is rather odd however, and paints Rockstar in a very negative
       | light as a trustworthy purveyor of binary distributed software.
       | Do you want to receive l33t warez when paying for software?
       | 
       | I expect reproducible binaries produced by a controlled toolchain
       | from a responsible developer. Linux distributions have higher
       | standards for binaries they distribute for _free_ ffs.
        
         | incrudible wrote:
         | > I expect reproducible binaries produced by a controlled
         | toolchain from a responsible developer.
         | 
         | I would estimate the number of videogames published for Windows
         | PCs matching all of these critera to be roughly 0.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | It's not like windows game developers are universally
           | incompetent. They have their source so they can reproduce
           | their binaries at will. They understand the risks of malware
           | and how embarrassing it would be to unwittingly ship some, so
           | they should know better than to be shipping releases built
           | using their personal machine they also browse the web with.
           | 
           | For Rockstar to be shipping pirated cracked binaries as their
           | own demonstrates a profound lack of responsibility and
           | professionalism as software developers.
           | 
           | But I'm sure there's a non-zero amount of windows game
           | developers being careless/sloppy in general too.
        
       | lousken wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be just easier for everyone not to include DRM in the
       | first place? Waste of money, vast majority of zoomers dont use
       | cracks anyway.
       | 
       | (I am talking with the context of current games using denuvo, not
       | this specific case)
        
       | Reubend wrote:
       | Could we get some more context than this tweet (which doesn't
       | really explain what's going on)?
        
         | PrimeMcFly wrote:
         | I didn't feel old today until I jumped on HN and saw someone
         | who didn't know what 'cracked' means in the context of PC
         | games.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | He knows what cracked means. I think you misunderstood.
        
             | PrimeMcFly wrote:
             | Not much room to misunderstand, and if he knows what
             | cracked means what's going on should be obvious.
        
               | paint wrote:
               | This seems like a weird hill to die on? yes it's obvious
               | that rockstar (apparently) uploaded a cracked version of
               | their game to steam. It's not obvious why they chose to
               | do that (ie "what is going on")
        
               | PrimeMcFly wrote:
               | I'm not dying on any hill, I think that's a weird comment
               | to make, let alone to make an issue out of my original
               | comment at all.
               | 
               | The way the comment was phrased read as though they
               | didn't understand what had happened, not that they didn't
               | understand why. Especially since no one has an answer to
               | that, so no one can offer an explanation.
        
               | paint wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | PrimeMcFly wrote:
               | That's not a particularly productive reply. Thanks for
               | your input, I guess.
        
               | barbs wrote:
               | > _Be kind. Don 't be snarky. Converse curiously; don't
               | cross-examine._
               | 
               | > _Please don 't fulminate. Please don't sneer, including
               | at the rest of the community._
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | PrimeMcFly wrote:
               | Yes. And what would you consider "keep malding" to be? In
               | any case, I edited my reply to remove the snark.
        
               | barbs wrote:
               | Not necessarily. You could understand that a cracked PC
               | game means its copy-protection has been removed by
               | someone illegally but not have a detailed enough
               | understanding of the process to understand the tweet.
               | Personally I'm not familiar with Razor1911 so I wouldn't
               | have understood the significance of that string in the
               | hexdump if it weren't for the context provided by other
               | comments here.
        
         | robbiet480 wrote:
         | The game shown here, Midnight Club II, required the CD to be in
         | the drive to play it. With the advent of Steam and companies
         | releasing older games on Steam, they needed a way to bypass
         | that check. Bypassing a CD (commonly called No-CD) was a very
         | common crack/DRM bypass back in the day. Rockstar didn't want
         | to bring up old source code and find someone who understood it
         | enough to remove the check, so instead they just installed a
         | No-CD crack into the existing EXE and uploaded the thing to
         | Steam.
        
           | rpdillon wrote:
           | This is a great example of how today's "piracy" is tomorrow's
           | "only working copy left". I wish there were a more formal way
           | to explicitly allow this, though I'm probably just pining for
           | shorter copyright terms. This game was released 20 years ago,
           | longer than the original U.S. copyright term of 14 years.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | Disney lawyers, meanwhile, are looking to extend copyright
             | to 50 years beyond the life of the author's 3rd generation
             | descendant or the heat death of the universe, whichever
             | comes last.
        
           | ewzimm wrote:
           | Did anyone at Rockstar ever confirm that it was an official
           | decision?
           | 
           | I wonder if they did assign someone all that and they took a
           | shortcut.
        
           | kolanos wrote:
           | Did Rockstart have to license Razor1911's cracking software?
           | 
           | It would be ironic if Rockstar was in violation of
           | Razor1911's copyright.
        
           | yomlica8 wrote:
           | Are we sure they didn't just lose the source code entirely?
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | Probably unbuildable anyways without a lot of effort if you
             | can't recreate the workstation that was building it.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | These days you'd save a VM image, but if we all move off
               | x86, what good will that do?
        
               | Moomoomoo309 wrote:
               | QEMU can run VMs that are a different architecture than
               | the host. There's obviously a performance penalty to
               | doing that, but it can be done.
        
           | baobabKoodaa wrote:
           | Sounds like Razor could sue Rockstar for copyright
           | infringement. That would be hilarious.
        
             | jiofj wrote:
             | They could. They would lose, though
        
               | bogwog wrote:
               | Because Rockstar is a huge company, or because the dev
               | wouldn't have a case?
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | A No-CD crack might not be transformative enough to
               | warrant copyright protection as derivative work in the
               | US. But they could sue in a jurisdiction that is more
               | likely to give them a favorable outcome. Handling of
               | derivative works and the minimum threshold for copyright
               | varies considerably between countries.
        
               | Guvante wrote:
               | Likely Rockstar would counter sue for violating their
               | original Copyright and the terms of use attached to them.
               | 
               | At best it would be a wash, there is a decent chance the
               | damages for the countersuit would lead to a net loss.
        
               | ArnoVW wrote:
               | The can sue them for anti-circumvention statutes in the
               | DMCA. But not for infringement, since the developers did
               | not do the infringement, they only enabled it.
        
               | therein wrote:
               | After some short searching online, looks like for
               | copyright infringement litigation, the statute of
               | limitation is three years.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | I don't think people on HN understand what a derivative
               | work is, considering how often I see it referenced
               | incorrectly. You can't make a derivative work without a
               | license. That's why it's derivative. It derivates from
               | the copyrighted work and is therefore within the domain
               | of the copyright and under the control of the copyright's
               | owner.
               | 
               | A Harry Potter spin-off about Hermione (I don't know
               | anything about HP, sorry in advanced) is a derivative of
               | the original Harry Potter work. As I'm sure you are well
               | aware, you cannot sell copies of your Hermione spin-off,
               | because that'd be copyright infringement, _because it is
               | a derivative work_.
        
               | victorbjorklund wrote:
               | I'm not sure about american law but in EU (at least
               | Sweden) you def get copyright to detivative work even if
               | you don't have a license. If I create a derivative work
               | based on Harry Potter the result will be that I have
               | copyright to the derivative work BUT not to Harry Potter
               | (I wish) so while I own the rights to my work I can't
               | produce (etc) the work (at least not in a commerical
               | capacity) because JK rowling owns the Harry Potter
               | rights. However JK does not have the right to use my
               | derivative work without a license from me.
               | 
               | A maybe more clear example is music. Songwriting is
               | covered by copywrite. Singing is also covered by
               | copywrite. If A writes a song and B sings the song
               | without A:s premission it can be copyright infringment.
               | However, A can not take a recording of B:s song and copy
               | and sell it without B:s consent because B has the
               | copyright to the performance (even if the performance was
               | a copywright infringment).
        
               | CapstanRoller wrote:
               | >you cannot sell copies of your Hermione spin-off,
               | because that'd be copyright infringement, because it is a
               | derivative work
               | 
               | But you can distribute it for free, as fanfiction.
               | 
               | Also, a no-CD crack does not contain any of the original
               | work. It's akin to a program that you can use to modify,
               | say, your legally-purchased Harry Potter ebook in order
               | to change all instances of "wand" to "wang"
        
               | bragr wrote:
               | Fan fiction is illegal, or at best in a deeply gray area,
               | it's just that most people realize suing your super-fans
               | is a bad move. There are exceptions of course, Anne Rice
               | was famously super litigious over any attempted fan
               | fiction of her characters which generated a lot of bad
               | feelings online.
               | 
               | https://www.vice.com/en/article/88gqjz/anne-rice-really-
               | hate...
        
               | PrimeMcFly wrote:
               | Paramount suing Star Trek fan productions is another
               | great example. They recently took down the Wolf 359 audio
               | book project for example.
        
               | bri3d wrote:
               | If the patch is distributed on its own, without the
               | original binary, is it still a derivative work? Is the
               | unique, creative work of writing "perform XYZ instruction
               | at XYZ address," in lieu of the original executable,
               | still derivative?
               | 
               | This is actually an unanswered/unproven question that
               | comes up quite a bit in automotive tuning, where
               | individuals and tuning companies modify OEM calibrations
               | and create application software patches which, while they
               | are unique and perform stand-alone functions, run on top
               | of OEM ECU software.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | The history of General Computer Corporation's[0] arcade
               | enhancement boards is an interesting example of this kind
               | of "derivative" work.
               | 
               | GCC made an enhancement board for Missile Command and
               | later for Pac Man ("Crazy Otto", which became "Ms. Pac
               | Man"). Rather than employing simple "ROM hacks" as other
               | enhancement board manufacturers did, GCC specifically
               | built their enhancement hardware not to contain any code
               | copied from the original game ROM. Their hardware patched
               | the existing ROM only by overlaying their code onto the
               | original ROMs, not by copying any of the original
               | code[1].
               | 
               | There's some neat detail in the background slides
               | here[2]. I'd love to hear that talk but I'm not
               | immediately a recording of it.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Computer_Corpor
               | ation
               | 
               | [1] https://web.stanford.edu/class/sts145/Notes/3_game_bu
               | siness/...
               | 
               | [2] https://trilobyte.com/pdf/golson_ReplayFX_2015.pdf
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > I don't think people on HN understand what a derivative
               | work is, considering how often I see it referenced
               | incorrectly.
               | 
               | Very true.
               | 
               | > You can't make a derivative work without a license. T
               | 
               | You _can_ , but it is a copyright violation to do so
               | _unless_ an exception (like Fair Use) applies.
               | 
               | A derivative work is also a work eligible for copyright
               | in its own right, and as such is copyright by the creator
               | by operation of law when fixed in a tangible form,
               | _whether or not_ it also violates someone else's
               | copyright.
               | 
               | > It derivates
               | 
               | "derives"
               | 
               | > from the copyrighted work and is therefore within the
               | domain of the copyright and under the control of the
               | copyright's owner.
               | 
               | No, producing it is within the legally exclusive rights
               | of the copyright holder subject to the limitations on
               | those rights, but once created the copyright in the
               | derivative is not under the control of the copyright
               | holder of the original (though transferring or licensing
               | back may be part of the resolution of copyright violation
               | lawsuit over its creation.)
        
               | itiro wrote:
               | Most DRM crackers aren't in it for money but to prove DRM
               | is a flawed and ridiculous concept.
               | 
               | That was my scene back in the day when there was less
               | risk of the Feds kicking in the door. At least back then
               | most of us saw it as a learning experience.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | What's the copyrighted work here?
        
               | baobabKoodaa wrote:
               | Both the original game and the no-cd crack are
               | copyrighted works.
        
             | enos_feedler wrote:
             | Former cracker for rzr here :) did not do this game
             | unfortunately.
        
               | apgwoz wrote:
               | Oh, you "didn't" do this game, _wink_ _wink_ , nudge
               | nudge. ;)
        
               | effingwewt wrote:
               | Thank you for your service o7
        
           | jonny_eh wrote:
           | Razor1911 was the cracking group in this particular case.
        
             | OnlyMortal wrote:
             | Heh. I recall their demos on the Amiga.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | Probably Norway's most long-lived and industrious
               | software export success. Founded in 1985.
        
               | readyplayernull wrote:
               | Somehow I expected them to be founded since 1911,
               | cracking those Analytical Engines.
        
               | nikanj wrote:
               | It's 0x777, making fun of all the l33+ 666 groups
        
               | OnlyMortal wrote:
               | 666. My favourite error code to return when there's a
               | "wtf" error.
        
             | gintoddic wrote:
             | understated context here
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | That's hilarious. I wonder what the license model is for the
           | crack that they used.
        
             | muttled wrote:
             | If there's not a name for it yet, can we call it "All's
             | Fair in Love and Warez?"
        
               | mcronce wrote:
               | Also known as the AFLW 1.0 License!
        
             | rootw0rm wrote:
             | it's the "all rights reversed" license
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | novok wrote:
           | That sounds like zit lol
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | It sounds like something else too. Email press@twitter.com
             | to find out.
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2023/03/20/1164654551/twitter-poop-
             | emoji...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | demarq wrote:
         | Cracking was a 90s term for pirating software
        
           | itsnotlupus wrote:
           | Cracking is about removing anti-features, typically copy
           | protections. It pairs well with pirating, but neither one
           | strictly requires the other.
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | > Cracking is about removing anti-features
             | 
             | Anti what features? Piracy?
        
               | function_seven wrote:
               | Anti-backup, Anti-I-don't-have-a-cdrom-on-this-machine,
               | Anti-I-lost-the-stupid-dongle, etc.
               | 
               | Like parent says, cracking and piracy pair well, but I've
               | had to do it many times just for compatibility reasons,
               | on software I had purchased.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | And just anti-convenience! Nobody wants to swap CDs
               | purely to tick a checkbox.
        
               | xxs wrote:
               | The anti-what-word-is-on-the-17th-page-3rd-paragraph-of-
               | the-handbook was a very common on for so many games.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | pirating software (movies, and music) is a term from the 90's
           | by the MPAA, Riaa, and Games industry in attempting to link
           | the act of simple copyright infringement, a civil non-
           | criminal violation of the law to violent robbery on the high
           | seas...
           | 
           | Cracking is a method of removing undesired features or
           | inclusions from software, often licensing controls, or other
           | anti-consumer features.
           | 
           | Many many many people "cracked" their software who where not
           | eganged in the act of copyright infringement, they legally
           | owned the software but for a number of reasons has no desire
           | to run the invasive software bundled with the game or content
           | they purchased.
        
             | TigeriusKirk wrote:
             | https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1981-05
        
             | mattw2121 wrote:
             | The term "pirate" definitely predates the 90's and RIAA,
             | etc. We used it quite liberally in the 80's BBS era.
        
             | Bluecobra wrote:
             | Another alternative to cracking was to use something like
             | DAEMON Tools to emulate the CD in the drive with an .iso so
             | you could legitimately play multiplayer games without
             | having to deal with stupid CD checks.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | my favorite use was for software that required a USB
             | dongle. if you lost the dongle, you lost access to the
             | software. there is not "back up" option. so the cracking
             | community came up with a way to emulate those dongles. the
             | obvious abuse followed. we used the software for legit 1:1
             | installs to physical dongle on blade servers where all of
             | the dongles could not be installed
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | My favourite failure case of this is dongles on hardware
               | devices, like lighting controllers. Especially when the
               | dongle does in on an exposed edge of the device and can
               | get knocked loose.
               | 
               | I've heard stories of them getting disconnected because
               | they were bumped, and the whole unit goes dead five
               | minutes later. At least it's not immediate.
        
             | justapassenger wrote:
             | > Many many many people "cracked" their software who where
             | not eganged in the act of copyright infringement, they
             | legally owned the software but for a number of reasons has
             | no desire to run the invasive software bundled with the
             | game or content they purchased.
             | 
             | Yes, many people. But not "many many many" people. You try
             | to make it sound like cracking to pirate was minority use
             | case.
             | 
             | It was a valid use case, sure, but as big as using torrents
             | to download Linux ISOs.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | I seem to recall that for some games the community
               | recommended fix for performance problems was to install a
               | crack so that the game wouldn't try to read stuff from
               | the CD, which might be slow depending on the drive you
               | have, and would be _very_ slow if the CD has some scratch
               | so the drive repeatedly attempted to read the same spot
               | until it succeeded.
        
               | justapassenger wrote:
               | Sure, and I don't question that. But at the same time -
               | 99% of people outside of western countries had pirated
               | copies of games (because it was legal in many countries,
               | plus paying normal price was often month+ salary for a
               | single game). Tons of teenagers from western countries
               | (main gamers back in the days) had pirated games, unless
               | they came from a rich family.
               | 
               | Cracks helped to fix some serious usability issues (as
               | DRM removal nowadays also helps with), but let's not
               | rewrite history to pretend that was what majority of
               | people used them for.
        
             | mjg59 wrote:
             | The use of "piracy" to describe unauthorised publication of
             | a copyrighted work dates back to the 18th century, it's not
             | something the MPAA came up with.
        
             | timmb wrote:
             | That was the scariest term they could come up with? The
             | romantic swashbuckling seafarer, antagonising empires and
             | declaring his own rules? Surely they could have done
             | better.
             | 
             | 'software fraud', 'software theft', 'forgery'... hmm well
             | there's a reason I don't work in marketing obviously.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | They did those as well, and they also paid for extensive
               | marketing material to make it seem like buying a cracked
               | game was directly contributing to a mafia that was
               | planning on killing your granny.
               | 
               | Do you not remember the ads? The "you wouldn't steal a
               | car"?
               | 
               | Piracy is just what they were able to get. Should have
               | hired the bank's PR managers, who turned "failing to do
               | due diligence on a customer's identity" into the
               | customer's problem.
        
       | jstarfish wrote:
       | > This explains the myth of the retail MC2 crashing on Vista -
       | the game is most likely innocent, as the demo works great out of
       | the box. IT WAS AGAIN THE CRACK breaking it.
       | 
       | Myth? Innocent? That game was totally unplayable when it first
       | came out (for 98/ME?) so I doubt Razor made anything worse. I'd
       | get most of the way through any race before the game randomly
       | crashed.
       | 
       | It would be funnier if it weren't so absurd, since I'd have to go
       | through finding the opponent in the world, chasing them to the
       | starting line _and_ doing the race itself each time.
        
         | dalore wrote:
         | He commented on that comment, it wasn't the crack.
         | 
         | > This gets better - Razor's crack is fine, the reason both
         | Midnight Club 2 and Manhunt crashed when these cracks were in
         | use was the fact that Steam DRM included a .bind section that
         | was code _not_ marked as code - thus tripping Data Execution
         | Prevention
        
         | madars wrote:
         | There's probably an even stronger claim. It is not that Razor
         | is not making things worse, rather a release from a reputable
         | group is a strong indication that it works and that it will
         | continue to do so many years in the future after activation
         | servers are long gone/DRM methods are deprecated/etc. Quality
         | and reliability is probably the reason why Microsoft used
         | DeepzOne's Sound Forge [1] and Turner Classic Movies used
         | subtitles from Karagarga [2] :-)
         | 
         | [1] https://boingboing.net/2006/07/19/windows-xp-sounds-cr.html
         | [2] https://torrentfreak.com/turner-classic-movies-airs-a-
         | film-w...
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | While not too big a deal on its own, if the binary was doing
       | something it wasn't supposed to (which was/is common with cracked
       | games from untrustworthy sources) it would open Rockstar up to a
       | mountain of liability.
       | 
       | I'm guessing this is some subcontractor taking shortcuts rather
       | than an official company policy approved by legal.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Razor1911 isn't an untrustworthy source though.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | Just because it says Razor1911 in the binary doesn't mean it
           | actually came from that group though.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | Many years ago, I worked on a product that provided a bunch of
       | old emulated games. We properly licensed them, but many of the
       | license holders no longer had the original ROMs, ripping the game
       | data off of some of the really old consoles was quite difficult,
       | and the only ROMs available publicly were cracked copies with
       | demo's added. That was the birth of the demoscene, which was
       | awesome, but bad for us trying to legitimately provide these
       | games. So we ended up cheating. We used the cracked versions of
       | these games, but we always loaded the games from a state just
       | past when the demo would play, making them look normal and legit.
       | Thank God all those early cracks put their demos only at the
       | start and not, like, between levels 1 and 2, or we'd've been
       | screwed.
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | It would be kind of sad/funny if one of the games had a bad
         | crack and the game itself was broken and not caught by QA. For
         | example, Earthbound has one final check that would cause the
         | game to freeze and delete your save at the final boss.
        
           | avg_dev wrote:
           | man that is absolutely brutal
        
           | Darmody wrote:
           | To me it happened the other way around.
           | 
           | The original game from Steam won't run on Linux but if I
           | change the .exe for one that is cracked, it works.
           | 
           | I've been keeping that .exe for years.
        
       | ineedasername wrote:
       | It's actually kind of like a bizarro version of open source:
       | someone or some group may be the initiator of a project but some
       | of the community that grows around the project also contribute
       | back to it, making it a symbiotic relationship. Just, in the
       | bizarro version, there's an even more complex ecosystem filled
       | with people who get to play a game where they hunt down some of
       | the members of this community and make angry faces at them and
       | sometimes put them in jail.
        
       | justsomehnguy wrote:
       | https://nitter.unixfox.eu/__silent_/status/16983459248402968...
       | 
       | Who could have thought what a company with billions of revenue
       | would use the cracks from RAZOR1911 for IP they are _selling_ to
       | the end users?
       | 
       | Shocking!
        
         | ezconnect wrote:
         | Does RAZOR1911 have a legal way to have a share of revenue
         | since they are using his hard work?
        
           | threeio wrote:
           | Razor1911 is a cracking group from the mid 80s on... but it
           | would be fantastic wouldn't it? :)
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | At least some did. CD Projekt Red got started as a cracking
             | and translation group. At the time (Poland before the fall
             | of the iron curtain) there wasn't actually anything illegal
             | about what they were doing; copyright wasn't really a
             | concept in their legal system at the time, particularly for
             | software.
        
             | Zetobal wrote:
             | They disbanded some years ago :*(
        
           | PrimeMcFly wrote:
           | They are not entitled to anything. Rockstar can use their
           | crack as much as they want.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | Anyone a little savvy would have guessed that.
         | 
         | I'm betting even at the time of the game's release, it was so
         | fragile that someone breathing wrong on the build machine would
         | cause the build to fail. Any time the Windows machine displayed
         | the numeral 1 in the systray, it would be unbuildable. And on
         | Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays it would just fail to compile.
         | That there were only 3 employees who could get it to work at
         | all the last 3 months of development... and they all quit years
         | ago.
         | 
         | Now? Now it won't build on Windows 11, or even on the old XP
         | machine they dug up. It's so riddled with Denuvo or whatever,
         | that they'd have to spin up a team of 12 for two months just to
         | delete that, and only for them to discover it won't build
         | afterwards.
         | 
         | And, whatever else, they sure as hell don't have anyone who's
         | good enough at assembly and IDA Pro to crack themselves.
         | Probably too cheap to even get the single seat license for IDA
         | Pro.
        
       | bluejay2387 wrote:
       | Kind of mind blowing to see a name (Razor1911) from my C64 days
       | make an appearance again 0.o
        
         | meesles wrote:
         | They've been a consistent name in cracking since then!
        
           | nxobject wrote:
           | I wonder if they're like the Bourbaki group in mathematics -
           | an anonymous group where members elect other members, with a
           | trivial amount of cloak-and-dagger secrecy from the public.
        
       | echelon_musk wrote:
       | This is more common than you might expect.
       | 
       | The Windows port of Marc Ecko's Getting Up: Contents under
       | Pressure being sold on Steam is the DEViANCE crack.
       | 
       | Open the game's exe in a hex editor and you can plainly see
       | "DEViANCE".
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | I seem to remember hearing that wrt roms on at least one of the
         | NES|SNES|PS1 Classic systems.
        
           | barbs wrote:
           | Yeah same, although I think it was the ROMs distributed in
           | the Wii Shopping Channel?
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | System sounds *.wav files were also produced with cracked
         | software at some point (no clue if this is still in Win10):
         | 
         | https://www.techrepublic.com/forums/discussions/windows-uses...
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | I'm impressed both that you had a nearly 20 year old link
           | ready, and that this URL still works.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | Fans did the work for them, likely illegally, and it remains
       | within Rockstar's right to use it
       | 
       | analogous to free work-for-hire
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | could the NoCD crack author do a DMCA takedown on these games
       | now? Would it even need to be the author issuing such a request?
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | You need to either be or represent the copyright holder. I'm
         | 99% sure most warez groups have no interest in exposing
         | themselves to any legal systems when it comes to what they do.
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | If I say I represent such a group, then; is it likely that
           | anyone will disagree? DMCA cases seem to be about who has the
           | scarier looking letterhead anyway.
           | 
           | To whom would I have to prove or disprove my standing to take
           | Rockstar games down, I wonder? Does Steam have any right to
           | refuse such a request just because it's patently absurd?
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | >DMCA cases seem to be about who has the scarier looking
             | letterhead anyway.
             | 
             | This is only true of Youtube, where their "DMCA" process is
             | entirely extralegal, which is why there is no penalty for
             | an incorrect takedown request.
             | 
             | If you file a DMCA, and Valve ignores it, you have to take
             | it to court, where a judge will decide whether you prove
             | you are the rightful copyright holder. As in the case with
             | google, a company is free to take down content for any
             | reason, including for bogus DMCA claims.
        
             | baby_souffle wrote:
             | > If I say I represent such a group, then; is it likely
             | that anyone will disagree? DMCA cases seem to be about who
             | has the scarier looking letterhead anyway.
             | 
             | If you say you represent them, all the scary letter heads
             | will go to _you_.
        
               | dalore wrote:
               | You could say you wrote the source code for the cracker,
               | but you did not distribute the pirated software, that was
               | someone else.
        
             | elil17 wrote:
             | Imagine you did this and ended up in court. If you admit
             | you lied on the DMCA request, you'd be admitting to
             | perjury. If you continue to claim to be the cracker,
             | Rockstar could sue you for damages from IP theft.
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Perjury is only if you make a statement under oath
               | knowing it to be a lie. The DMCA doesn't require you by
               | statute to tell the truth. As long as you tell the truth
               | under oath on the witness stand, if it got that far, then
               | you'd be fine from a criminal prosecution perspective.
               | 
               | Of course, you'd probably get counter-sued for a number
               | of civil torts for being a fuckhead.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | It does. Each DMCA requires "A statement that the
               | information in the complaint is accurate, and, under
               | penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on
               | behalf of the copyright owner."
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Especially do note that you _could_ lie on all the other
               | parts of the complaint, such as the issue whether the
               | violation actually occurred, but the one thing that 's
               | under the penalty of perjury is whether you're actually
               | representing the copyright owner.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | What you said is not true. The text of the law
               | specifically clarifies that a false DMCA takedown request
               | is perjury.
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | You need that in the sense that it would be a legitimate
           | notice.
           | 
           | No requirement such as that is part of the DMCA, and there is
           | no penalty in statute for making illegitimate notices.
        
       | tus666 wrote:
       | Would be funny if the hacker sued rockstar for profiting off his
       | work.
        
       | o0banky0o wrote:
       | razor1911 never started owning it when they made the crack, so,
       | fair.
        
       | sixthDot wrote:
       | Modified or not, legally R.S. Games owns it anyway.
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | They don't own the no-CD crack. So technically, they are
         | selling software they pirated.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ohnoesjmr wrote:
           | They are not shipping the crack. They are shipping their own
           | binary that has been modified by the crack.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Those modifications have a copy-right they do not own...
        
               | Steltek wrote:
               | A compiler author does not own the output of the
               | compiler.
        
               | neurostimulant wrote:
               | They can copyright certain sequence of bits though, like
               | console makers did a while ago to enforce licensing (e.g.
               | can't boot this rom without these sequence of bits, but
               | this sequence of bits is actually a nintendo logo which
               | cannot be distributed unless you have nintendo's
               | permission).
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | Is that always the case, or does it depend on the
               | compiler's license in the end?
        
               | alphablended wrote:
               | No, but any other source (eg. headers) used during the
               | compilation process might be owned by a third party.
               | 
               | A crack does not compile anything, but even if you go
               | that road, it will be argued anyway that the patch which
               | is applied is copyrighted.
               | 
               | Now, of course, it's another thing to prove that the
               | patch may indeed be copyrighted...
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | I've been waiting for ~23 years for the copyright system
               | to grapple with the implications of 1. having a
               | copyrighted work A 2. taking someone else's "patch"
               | (mod/crack/whatever, I call it "patch" as a general term)
               | B and 3. combining them on your local computer to produce
               | a final work C. We techies have been arguing about who
               | has what rights, who can block who from doing what, who's
               | responsible for what, etc. in that situation for at least
               | that long, when the mood strikes us. I'm still unaware of
               | any really clear precedent on this and I'm pretty sure
               | legislation remains utterly oblivious that such a thing
               | is even possible, or how powerful it is. I've been on the
               | lookout for even a hint of this for a long time and
               | there's hardly been anything.
               | 
               | I guess the economics just haven't worked out to produce
               | a true showdown. Game mods are in my opinion the clear
               | favorite for where this would finally rise to a court-
               | level problem, and clearly there's been a lot of conflict
               | in this space, but nobody yet has been foolhardy enough
               | to build a large enough _business_ on selling some mod
               | that when the owner tries to shut them down they actually
               | go to a full-on, precedent-setting legal battle. (After
               | all, economically, when you get to that level of
               | capability, why not make your _own_ game that you
               | _clearly_ own? That path has been trod many times.)
               | 
               | So, my best answer to your question is, honestly nobody
               | really knows what kind of rights Razor may or may not
               | have to the final product of their crack, especially
               | since it is not the crack itself being distributed.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | The general principle of copyright law is that
               | copying/distributing work that combines multiple
               | copyrightable parts requires the permission of every
               | author/copyright holder. Copyright law does not attempt
               | to establish a single owner for any given work, it's
               | perfectly fine with multiple parties having copyright
               | protections over a single work, in which case any of them
               | has a practical veto to doing anything with the joint
               | product, as permission to use 99% of the work isn't
               | sufficient.
               | 
               | For a very common example, let's look at a translated
               | book. Copying and distributing such a book requires
               | separate permission from both the author of the book and
               | the author of the translation; the translation is a
               | derivative work, it's covered by the copyrights of the
               | original book and the author, but the translator also
               | holds independent copyright on the translation in
               | addition to the author's interest.
               | 
               | IMHO a derivative work of a program patched with someoone
               | else's code (no matter how small, as long as it meets the
               | very low copyright law bar of 'the slightest touch of
               | creative input') is quite similar.
               | 
               | But the specific case of Razor 1911 might be disqualified
               | by US copyright law section 103a which says "[...] but
               | protection for a work employing preexisting material in
               | which copyright subsists does not extend to any part of
               | the work in which such material has been used
               | unlawfully."
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | A much better analogy would be how writing code in an
               | open source editor, compiled by an open source tool chain
               | does not make the resulting binary open source.
        
           | thereisnospork wrote:
           | They are also (arguably) selling software
           | written/designed/intended for the express purpose of
           | bypassing copyright protections, which as I understand is in
           | and of itself a no-no under the DMCA regardless of underlying
           | ownership.
           | 
           | I ANAL of course.
           | 
           | edit: per the sibling comment the crack might not be
           | included, so this might not apply.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | _a no-no under the DMCA regardless of underlying ownership_
             | 
             | The "regardless" part is wrong. It is permissible for the
             | owner of the software to include software for the express
             | purpose of bypassing the protections they themselves placed
             | on their software. Why would you think that the software
             | owner isn't allowed to do that?
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | It would be permissible, if the "software for the express
               | purpose of bypassing the protections they themselves
               | placed on their software" was their own software.
               | 
               | It's not permissible for them to make available other
               | people's "software for the express purpose of bypassing
               | the protections they themselves placed on their software"
               | without the express permission of those _other people_.
               | 
               | Neither statute nor case law sets a lower limit on the
               | size of software that is protected by copyright... but if
               | there were a lower limit, then it is clearly down towards
               | the hundreds (or even dozens) of bytes. The crack
               | certainly doesn't sit underneath that lower limit.
               | 
               | It'd be like purloining just one source code file,
               | including it in your commercial software and relying on
               | the defense "hey, it was only a few hundred lines long".
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | _without the express permission of those other people._
               | 
               | That is false. They simply have to use the other
               | software, i.e., the crack, within the terms of its
               | license.
               | 
               | In this case, the crack was distributed widely with a
               | permissive use license. My hazy memories of that era
               | specifically mention giving them credit and nothing else.
               | There was definitely no commercial use restriction.
        
               | anakaine wrote:
               | There is the matter of enforcement, however. If something
               | is completely unenforceable, such as in this case where
               | the owner is using a pirate groups bypass, then it may as
               | well be permissible. It's not expressly permissible, but
               | the perceived breach is also not enforceable, so the
               | argument becomes a moot point.
               | 
               | Also, the patches typically had no license terms attached
               | to their usage, or if they did it came in the format of
               | attribution. The implications here is debatable, but we
               | again come back to enforcement to close out the otherwise
               | circular argument.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure that the lack of license terms doesn't
               | make it a free-for-all, instead it means that there is no
               | possible licensed use at all.
               | 
               | If you pick up a copy of Photoshop and can't find the
               | license for it, you don't get to go down to the street
               | corner and sell bootleg copies. That defense won't hold
               | when you're in district court fighting to stay out of
               | federal prison, anyway.
               | 
               | And while it's true that this will never be enforced, if
               | there are no principles here, then there can be no guilt
               | from illegally copying these games.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Practically (since no prosecutor is going to take this up
               | on their own), you'd need someone dumb enough to
               | affirmatively say "that's my circumvention tool that's
               | illegal under the DMCA" in order to show standing for a
               | civil case.
               | 
               | So even if there was a no commercial use license somehow,
               | it feels kinda like jury nullification where it's not
               | explicitly legal, but de facto legal because of structure
               | of the rest of the judicial system.
        
             | PrimeMcFly wrote:
             | Even if the crack was included it wouldn't apply.
        
       | shmerl wrote:
       | Good, they shouldn't have been DRMed in the first place, then
       | they won't need to be cracked.
        
       | jdjdjdjdjduuuu wrote:
       | At least its not DRM copies....
        
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