[HN Gopher] Home insurers cut natural disasters from policies as...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Home insurers cut natural disasters from policies as climate risks
       grow
        
       Author : croes
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2023-09-04 18:44 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | kevinventullo wrote:
       | As a homeowner in Southern California, this type of policy (not
       | necessarily driven by climate) directly negatively affects me due
       | to the risk of fires and earthquakes. However, I don't think
       | there's a great solution. The basic problem is that natural
       | disasters represent a _correlated risk_. Insurance pools only
       | seem to make sense for uncorrelated risks such as house fires or
       | pipe bursts or whatever, where the high individual cost of many
       | relatively independent unlikely events can be smoothed out into a
       | low guaranteed cost.
       | 
       | Perhaps a sufficiently large insurer could dilute the risk of an
       | earthquake destroying a large percentage of homes in Los Angeles
       | by also covering large swaths of other high-risk parts of the
       | country or world.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Perhaps a sufficiently large insurer could dilute the risk of
         | an earthquake destroying a large percentage of homes in Los
         | Angeles by also covering large swaths of other high-risk parts
         | of the country or world.
         | 
         | At a certain point, this is just all taxpayers as a whole.
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | Exactly, and we frequently see Federal Aid in lots of big
           | disasters. Eventually, the government will be the only
           | insurance organization that covers the catastrophic events
           | where we really need insurance the most, and then we can stop
           | pretending that private for-profit insurance is something
           | that our society wants. The government is already the
           | "insurance" for so many different types of things that we
           | should just lean into it 100%.
        
         | digitalsushi wrote:
         | As anti-human as this makes me sound, this does make me
         | personally understand why eyes and teeth are not covered on my
         | health insurance. I can't take a claim out on my car's tires
         | getting used up over 100,000 miles, either.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >As anti-human as this makes me sound, this does make me
           | personally understand why eyes and teeth are not covered on
           | my health insurance.
           | 
           | This doesn't make any sense. You can rack up way more
           | expensive charges/procedures on the rest of your body (eg.
           | triple bypass or hip replacement) than your eye or teeth ever
           | could.
        
         | jowea wrote:
         | > Perhaps a sufficiently large insurer could dilute the risk of
         | an earthquake destroying a large percentage of homes in Los
         | Angeles by also covering large swaths of other high-risk parts
         | of the country or world.
         | 
         | Yes, I believe that's one the reasons reinsurance exists.
        
         | jdlshore wrote:
         | > Perhaps a sufficiently large insurer could dilute the risk of
         | an earthquake destroying a large percentage of homes in Los
         | Angeles by also covering large swaths of other high-risk parts
         | of the country or world.
         | 
         | This exists and is called "reinsurance."
        
           | kevinventullo wrote:
           | Okay, then I suppose no one wants to reinsure the California
           | Earthquake Authority as their condo unit policy only covers
           | up to $100k and everyone else seems to flat out refuse
           | earthquake coverage for a large building.
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | https://archive.today/wIDtr
        
       | mkoubaa wrote:
       | Homes have always been inherently a risky asset, though we've
       | been conditioned to think they aren't
        
       | madaxe_again wrote:
       | After having had a home flood and another burn, and being refused
       | a claim in each case (the flood was caused by a river, and so
       | isn't covered, and the fire was a wildfire, and also isn't
       | covered - only fires starting in the property are covered - same
       | for our truck that was incinerated), I no longer bother with home
       | or vehicle insurance - if they don't pay out, there's no point in
       | having it. Come to think of it the only insurance claim I ever
       | had pay out was when I deliberately set out to defraud an
       | insurer. Never have they paid out in a situation where it would
       | have been helpful.
       | 
       | I would wager others will follow the same way, once they realise
       | their policies are just a tax that they get no benefit from, and
       | then insurers will have to come up with some new racket to
       | defraud marks.
        
         | t3rabytes wrote:
         | That's not really an option for almost anyone with a mortgage
         | on a home -- the lender will _require_ home insurance with
         | themselves listed as the primary payee.
         | 
         | Same with an auto loan for most lenders (Lightspeed being one
         | of the abnormal ones that doesn't hold the title to the vehicle
         | as collateral).
        
           | madaxe_again wrote:
           | Sure, but if the lenders find themselves out of pocket
           | because insurers repeatedly refuse to pay, they will change
           | behaviour too - such as by no longer lending.
           | 
           | Also, no such requirement in the U.K. - 3rd party vehicle
           | insurance is mandatory, but home insurance is up to you - no
           | lender I've ever had has mandated it.
        
       | xenadu02 wrote:
       | Don't assume insurers are competent. They often sell homeowner's
       | policies entirely online or over the phone without inspecting the
       | property, looking at as-builts, etc.
       | 
       | My renovated up to 2015 earthquake standards house pays the same
       | rate as the 1939 jalopy down the street despite my home having
       | much higher quality electrical (less fire risk) and being built
       | to a stronger standard (less likely to collapse or suffer damage
       | from storms, earthquakes, etc).
       | 
       | Neither private insurance nor the state chartered CA Earthquake
       | Insurance price by actual risk.
       | 
       | Florida and Texas are the same: insurers don't price in hurricane
       | or hail proofing, anti-flooding measures, etc. Hail resistant and
       | wind resistant roofs exist but they'd rather just stop writing
       | policies.
       | 
       | I don't know why things have gone so wrong in recent years.
       | Insurance should be able to drive improvements in construction
       | techniques rather than stopping policy writing. For example:
       | instead of refusing to write policies in wildfire prone areas
       | refuse if the home doesn't have fire-proof roofing and siding,
       | along with a zone clear of combustibles around the house, fire
       | screens on vents, etc. Such measures would allow far more homes
       | to survive wildfires without damage but the insurers aren't
       | interested.
       | 
       | This is the opposite of vehicle insurance where the industry
       | crash tests new vehicles and adjusts premiums for vehicles with
       | better safety ratings.
        
         | throwaway2865 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | JackFr wrote:
         | You fail to account for the cost of accurately underwriting.
         | They can do what you suggest fir cars because it involves
         | testing a few dozen car models. If each car needed to be tested
         | they wouldn't do it.
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _Hail resistant and wind resistant roofs exist but they 'd
         | rather just stop writing policies._
         | 
         | Note that the insurance folks have developed an entire system
         | of how roofs (and entire residential, multi-family, commercial
         | structures) should be built:
         | 
         | * https://ibhs.org/fortified/
         | 
         | * https://fortifiedhome.org/roof/
         | 
         | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zd-0yAPs6Wc
         | 
         | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=proGT6AtyJc
        
         | airza wrote:
         | The flip side of this is not simply assuming that insurers are
         | stupid. Performing bespoke inspections of houses is an industry
         | onto itself which i also would not rush into. It also doesn't
         | help you much; if 10% of houses have these countermeasures your
         | regional risk pool will still be vaporized when the other 90%
         | are burned to the ground.
         | 
         | It's just eventually impossible to insure these assets when
         | these types of super correlated risks become as ubiquitous as
         | they are.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | > _if 10% of houses have these countermeasures your regional
           | risk pool will still be vaporized when the other 90% are
           | burned to the ground._
           | 
           | I think the GP's point was that the insurers just wouldn't
           | insure the countermeasure-free 90%. Those 10% would be
           | insured, and suffer less or no damage.
           | 
           | Granted, reducing the risk pool to that 10% of homes isn't
           | great either. But presumably at least _some_ of the other 90%
           | would be strongly incentivized to retrofit those fire
           | countermeasures so they could get coverage.
        
       | oatmeal1 wrote:
       | Not surprised WaPo leaves out relevant non-climate reasons that
       | also contribute.
        
         | jungturk wrote:
         | The article isn't a WaPo assessment of the causes of the
         | increases - it's relaying statements and changes made by
         | participating insurance carriers.
         | 
         | "At least five large U.S. property insurers...have told
         | regulators that extreme weather patterns caused by climate
         | change have led them to stop writing coverages in some
         | regions."
        
         | cpncrunch wrote:
         | And cherry picks data starting at 2013. I was curious about pre
         | 2013 and it seems i was right to be skeptical. The 2013 to 2016
         | period just had unusually low losses.
         | 
         | https://www.statista.com/statistics/428870/insured-property-...
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >And cherry picks data starting at 2013.
           | 
           | In their defense 10 years is a nice round number. Also, the
           | text surrounding the chart says
           | 
           | >"There's no place to hide from these severe natural
           | disasters," said David Sampson, president of the American
           | Property Casualty Insurance Association. "They're happening
           | all over the country and so insurers are having to relook at
           | their risk concentration."
           | 
           | >That trend is too costly, insurers contend, and necessitates
           | rewriting policies or eliminating coverages in growing
           | geographic areas.
           | 
           | If change the window from 10 years to 15 or 20 years, the
           | general impression is still the same: insurance losses are
           | trending up, and the last few years are consistently high (as
           | opposed to having one or two years of high payouts followed
           | by periods of low payouts).
        
             | cpncrunch wrote:
             | Except, that's now how random systems work: you don't get
             | one high value, then some low values, then a value value.
             | Try flipping a coin many times: if you do it enough times,
             | you'll get 5 heads in a row due to chance. The same is true
             | for random weather events. If you look at this graph going
             | back further, you'll see high losses in previous years:
             | 
             | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olivier-
             | Mahul/publicati...
             | 
             | Certainly this graph is trending higher from the 1970s, but
             | is that due to more real estate with a higher valuation?
             | And how much insurance premiums were collected?
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | Insurance scum suckers ... hoarding money in tax havens while
       | pretending to provide a service.
        
       | 1MachineElf wrote:
       | An unfortunate situation for those in need of housing and those
       | housed who are in need - such policy coverage is a requirement
       | for mortgages (and reverse mortgages), at least in Florida.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | pauldenton wrote:
       | It always did seem curious that people who believed heavily in
       | climate risk never seem to put their money where their mouth is
       | when it comes to Waterfront property. If you believed there was a
       | serious risk of sea levels rising you wouldn't spend millions on
       | a house with a waterfront view below sea level If banks believed
       | there was a serious risk of sea levels rising they would put a
       | discount instead of a premium on waterfront property. But I still
       | cannot find any discount property that is discounted because it's
       | next to the ocean
        
         | llm_nerd wrote:
         | >If banks believed there was a serious risk of sea levels
         | rising they would put a discount instead of a premium on
         | waterfront property
         | 
         | Banks aren't the ones setting prices on properties. And no one
         | should base anything on the actions of banks because financial
         | institutions generally know to basically sell off the risk as
         | soon as possible (although that can come back to bite them as
         | it did with the subprime thing, where they sold it off, but
         | then many of them made bets on those risks). Their window of
         | exposure is generally extremely small, and they'll keep dancing
         | as long as the music keeps playing.
         | 
         | Further markets are irrational, and always have been. Even if
         | you are absolutely certain that Miami is going to be devastated
         | by climate change, for instance, you might still buy an
         | overpriced oceanfront mansion because you know that you'll be
         | able to find either a sucker or someone with the same
         | assessment when the time comes.
        
         | thecyborganizer wrote:
         | "The market can remain irrational longer than you can remain
         | solvent" - John Maynard Keynes
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | > But I still cannot find any discount property that is
         | discounted because it's next to the ocean
         | 
         | Sea levels are expected to rise about a foot in the next 30
         | years, which will impair some coastal property but not all
         | (much worse on the east coast than the west).
         | 
         | It's much worse on a 60-100 year timeframe. If a discount were
         | being applied, you'd expect most of the reduction in value to
         | be 50 years out. The present values of enjoyment over the next
         | 50 years could far exceed those residual values, and so it
         | could be hard to observe any discount that is present. E.g.
         | even if future sea level rise lops 10% off the value, other
         | factors could add more in the short term.
        
         | massysett wrote:
         | If you have millions to spend on property, you may have
         | millions to throw away. Elon Musk wasted billions on Twitter,
         | so it's no surprise that smaller wealth might be willing to
         | waste a few million on a house.
        
           | simbolit wrote:
           | This. People aren't wealth-maximisers all the time..
           | 
           | Also, people aren't rational or well-informed all the time.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | There's no discount because the vast majority of oceanfront
         | property won't be seriously impacted for more than 50 years. So
         | youre not finding what you're looking for because there is no
         | rational reason for it to exists.
        
       | maCDzP wrote:
       | Someone here that is sceptical to climate change maybe can shed
       | some light.
       | 
       | To me the fact that insurers aren't insuring natural disasters
       | due to climate change is a good argument that it's real.
       | 
       | Otherwise they would just sell the insurance to a premium and
       | collect free money?
       | 
       | Or do you guys think that it's just some companies being dumb and
       | are likely to go out of business?
        
         | lgleason wrote:
         | Skeptic here. I don't deny that the climate is changing. It
         | always has been. However the notion that all of this is based
         | on human activity is not something I subscribe to. Climate
         | change and the green initiatives have become a sort of religion
         | which and a great way for certain people in power to drive
         | their own business interests.
         | 
         | There have been extreme weather cycles in the past and in some
         | areas we had a period of calm for a number of years. In
         | addition to that we had a period of cheap money and other
         | factors that lead to development in areas that have a much
         | higher likelihood of having a natural disaster destroy it over
         | longer periods of time. Government natural disaster assistance
         | for damage to these areas made it worse because there was not
         | incentive to NOT develop homes in areas prone to issues or to
         | take necessary precautions to adequately construct homes to be
         | able to sustain the forces of a disaster.
         | 
         | Now that we are in a cycle where there are more events, the
         | actuarials are looking at the tables and determining that the
         | risk it too high to insure based on current trends. Climate
         | change is just the current in vogue cause so the insurance
         | companies can use it for PR cover. "It's not our fault we can
         | no longer insure your house.....climate change!"
        
           | bobsmooth wrote:
           | >However the notion that all of this is based on human
           | activity is not something I subscribe to.
           | 
           | Do you think the massive amount of CO2 pumped into the
           | atmosphere since the industrial revolution has had no affect
           | on the planet?
        
             | lgleason wrote:
             | It's tough to say what the effect is. The science has been
             | corrupted by political interests instead of an actual
             | scientific discovery. The overblown histrionic predictions
             | of doom from the activists/climate change believers does
             | not help to give credibility of any effects that climate
             | change may actually be having.
             | 
             | Back in the 70s and 80s they were predicting an ice age by
             | the early 2000's. That of course extreme scenario also did
             | not occur. Once I started to understand what was happening
             | to scientific research, the special interests, corporate
             | and political interests on both sides of this equation an
             | extreme view on either side naturally sets off my internal
             | BS meter.
        
         | xormapmap wrote:
         | > To me the fact that insurers aren't insuring natural
         | disasters due to climate change is a good argument that it's
         | real.
         | 
         | The only thing I conclude from this is that they think this
         | move will be profitable and that is independent from whether
         | climate change is real.
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | It's not quite that simple. Insurance is a financial product
         | and social construct. It depends on market conditions and
         | supply and demand as much as pure actuarial risk. The
         | scientific consensus is that disastrous climate change happens
         | over generations. They project out to 2100. What used to be a
         | 100 year storm (1% probability per annum) might now have 3%
         | probability per year due to rising ocean levels, and warmer
         | oceans providing more energy.
         | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-climate-change-is-
         | load....
         | 
         | In Florida the biggest factor in the market death spiral is
         | actually excessive litigation not hurricanes. Regulations
         | require insurers to pay to replace a damaged roof not pay for
         | the depreciated value. Florida customers file 80% of the
         | insurance lawsuits in the whole country but they are obviously
         | not 80% of the customers. https://www.insurancejournal.com/news
         | /southeast/2021/04/14/6.... Roofers who chase storms will sell
         | customers on signing over assignment of benefits to them and
         | they will file the lawsuit for them.
         | 
         | The recent rise in interest rates has made insurance a less
         | attractive capital sink. Why buy a disaster bond or invest in
         | reinsurance when sovereign or investment grade corporate bonds
         | yield 5%? Over long periods of time return on equity must keep
         | up with interest rates. The trickles down to reinsurance costs
         | for insurers and finally higher premiums and pickier
         | underwriting for you and I. In a previous insurance market
         | cycle a bad year of storms ironically was followed by lower
         | reinsurance prices. Why? Because interest rates were low and
         | there was strong competition between reinsurers.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | Much simpler than that. Price controls cause supply shortages.
        
         | isaacremuant wrote:
         | The problem with your supposed argument is that just because
         | companies don't want to insure against eventd of type Y because
         | they think they're likely or costly does not mean that they're
         | caused by reason X.
         | 
         | Your argument is, on logical merits, not good enough to create
         | a causation between, what I presume is "human influenced global
         | warming increase" and "natural disaster increase".
         | 
         | Now I realize this being a politically charged topic that
         | people look at in an absolutist way, a response that looks only
         | at the logical proposition of your comment, might not be well
         | received.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | There's certainly less effort to fight wild fires this season.
         | I know several helicopter pilots who say they have to get
         | approval for each bucket drop where before they just flew
         | agreed on hours. They say it's a joke, completely budget
         | driven. They'd have several fires they worked on out sooner if
         | they were not subject to this. On the ground it's the same,
         | extreme focus on safety, not working over time, not using
         | quads, heli attack crews cancelled. Only getting intense when
         | it gets close to structures.
         | 
         | So you get record fires here in Canada. Lowest area burned in
         | USA in decades.
         | 
         | Politicians save budget, don't get called to account because of
         | course it's climate change.
         | 
         | Bringing in the insurance angle, they are suffering more
         | losses, the areas are built up more in fire prone forested
         | land, houses are more expensive and there is less labour to
         | fight fire. Poor history of fuel management too. So they are
         | raising rates and I don't blame them. It's easy to just say
         | climate change. Maybe it's a way to appropriate the land back
         | to the elites.
        
         | flangola7 wrote:
         | Insurance firms are one of the few capitalistic entities that
         | have a financial incentive to invest deep budgets finding and
         | highlighting unpleasant empirical facts, rather than burying
         | them.
         | 
         | This is secondhand. I have been told property insurance experts
         | lean semi-conservative politically but almost all of them
         | firmly believe not only climate change is real, but incoming
         | catastrophe.
        
       | bick_nyers wrote:
       | If hurricane insurance becomes impossible to acquire for a
       | region, will banks stop giving out mortgages because they require
       | homeowner's insurance in order to lend?
       | 
       | Are banks legally required to offer mortgages to suitable
       | candidates, regardless of region?
       | 
       | I would prefer that my bank, my insurance company, and the
       | government duke it out amongst themselves, and not involve me.
       | 
       | Central FL doesn't see nearly as much hurricane damage as the
       | coast, but we are also being subjected to increased premiums.
        
         | Guvante wrote:
         | I know when I bought I had to have a quote for appropriate
         | insurance policy in order to close. I never asked what
         | appropriate was however.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | The bank will want insurance at least in the amount of what
           | you owe on the mortgage. They don't really care if it's
           | enough to cover actual losses.
        
         | BoxFour wrote:
         | As pointed out in the article, states frequently maintain a
         | taxpayer-backed insurers of last resort (and apparently notably
         | prevalent in Florida).
         | 
         | Nevertheless, as the article also highlights, this approach is
         | unlikely to have favorable long-term financial implications for
         | the state.
        
           | cabalamat wrote:
           | A subsidy for building houses in areas where they are likely
           | to be struck by natural disasters (flooding in Florida,
           | earthquakes in California) does not strike me as sensible.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | At least it might finally force states to make hard choices.
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | I fear the end result of this is going to be federal bailouts
           | of state insurance programs, which means that money will get
           | politicized and used to further _someones_ agenda as a means
           | to passing.
           | 
           | I often wonder how far away we are from funding being
           | withheld from states with bad public policy as perceived by
           | the party in power. It sets dangerous precedents of coupling
           | human suffering to policy maneuvers (which I realize, happens
           | even today, but in broader strokes NY gets hurricane
           | assistance same as Florida. Imagine a scenario where
           | Florida's general public is punished because of laws on their
           | books, or New York public is punished because of policies it
           | has etc.)
        
             | LapsangGuzzler wrote:
             | > I often wonder how far away we are from funding being
             | withheld from states with bad public policy as perceived by
             | the party in power. It sets dangerous precedents of
             | coupling human suffering to policy maneuvers
             | 
             | This has been going on for many years. From GOP states
             | refusing to accept expanded Obamacare grants, thereby
             | restricting access to healthcare for the poor to refusing
             | to extend 9/11 first responder healthcare until people like
             | Jon Stewart got involved, oppression and cruelty has been
             | used as leverage in policymaking going back to the founding
             | of the US.
        
             | civilitty wrote:
             | _> I fear the end result of this is going to be federal
             | bailouts of state insurance programs, which means that
             | money will get politicized and used to further someones
             | agenda as a means to passing._
             | 
             | Welcome to the future: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation
             | al_Flood_Insurance_Progr...
             | 
             | Congress has been bailing out the program for almost 20
             | years now.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | Ideally the system isn't propped up by tax dollars. Previously
         | lucrative regions becoming financially uninhabitable is
         | probably the one thing nobody can ignore.
         | 
         | It's what I like about the insurance industry: it cares not for
         | opinions and moods and politics because it is betting with
         | _cash._ No amount of climate denial changes the math on a bad
         | deal.
        
         | 911e wrote:
         | This is quite interesting, I feel like at some point we need to
         | cut those middleman that bail out as soon as paying is involved
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | They aren't in business to give away money. Insurance is all
           | about paying to mitigate risk. If the risk of loss increases
           | or becomes too hard to predict, insurance will get more
           | expensive or simply not be offered.
        
             | alwaysbeconsing wrote:
             | There's no inherent reason it must be a _profit-making_
             | business. Organizeing as a cooperative, mutual insurance is
             | also an option. Granted that any version still must set
             | rates that cover expected payouts.
        
               | itiro wrote:
               | You're describing government. People cooperate through
               | government to insure stability.
               | 
               | I will never understand the endless linguistic
               | indirection when in the end it's all Soylent Green; just
               | people.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | Are you saying that whenever people cooperate
               | voluntarily, it's a government?
        
               | pauldenton wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _no inherent reason it must be a profit-making
               | business_
               | 
               | Insurance is an _extremely_ demanding business. This
               | isn't something you can throw commodity drones at. If
               | you're willing to create a cooperative job that pays
               | millions to its actuaries and risk managers, fine. Most
               | don't. Hence why a profit-based model works: it can
               | incentivise the people that are needed for it to work in
               | the long run to do the job. (In the short run, anyone can
               | run a sloppy insurance operation.)
        
               | bonestamp2 wrote:
               | One interesting experiment in this area is the Canadian
               | Province of Saskatchewan, where the government has run a
               | break even auto and property insurance organization since
               | 1945. It does not receive money from the tax payers and
               | is completely self sustaining:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Government_Ins
               | ura...
        
       | shostack wrote:
       | At what point do state-run insurance plans like California's for
       | earthquakes make sense to expand to just ask housing insurance as
       | big insurers like State Farm pull out of the state?
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I wonder what the risk profile looks like for CA earthquake
         | insurance. Earthquake damage is semi-isolated to areas close to
         | the epicenter or built on landfill, major earthquakes are rare,
         | but I could see 5-10% of policies making claims when there is a
         | major earthquake.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | It's possible to build such that earthquakes aren't that big
           | of a deal, see Japan.
           | 
           | I don't think it's possible to build something resilient
           | that's consistently flooded with salt water. Unless it's a
           | boat. And those cost a lot to maintain.
        
         | bick_nyers wrote:
         | I am not familiar with state-run insurance plans but I would be
         | worried if it was ran as a potential form of taxation/revenue
         | for the state government, because then homeowners would be
         | subject to the whims of the current dominating political party
         | without the mechanism of free market competition to lower the
         | cost of insurance. I would want it to be run "at cost" as much
         | as possible.
         | 
         | Edit: To be clear, what I am saying is that the stockpile
         | formed from insurance premiums should not be accessible to
         | other causes (even during emergencies unrelated to homes). I'm
         | fine with tax revenue topping off insurance, but never
         | insurance money being redirected to another budget.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | You also have the risk of it being underfunded, or borrowed
           | against, as we've seen with so many state-run pension plans.
        
           | ethbr1 wrote:
           | Open to correction if I'm wrong, but from the examples I'm
           | aware of (e.g. federal flood insurance) when insurance is run
           | by the government it's always underpriced, then topped up
           | behind the scenes from general taxes.
           | 
           | People tend to gripe less about an extra few dollars in taxes
           | (which aren't line itemed), but more if the price of their
           | insurance premium ever goes up (which they do see a separate
           | line item for).
        
           | applied_heat wrote:
           | In British Columbia automobile insurance is legally only
           | available from the government ICBC, and ICBC had 800 million
           | in the bank so the government took it and at the same time
           | changed a recently constructed toll bridge to be free,
           | essentially buying the votes of everyone who uses the bridge
           | at the expense of everyone who pays automobile insurance.
        
           | wredue wrote:
           | Provincially run insurance and utilities traditionally keeps
           | prices in check.
           | 
           | Notably, when provincially run insurance and utilities have
           | sold to private interests, the results have always been the
           | same, even recent examples across Canada:
           | 
           | Service gets worse (extremely worse/completely inaccessible
           | if you're rural), AND costs to consumers double after 3
           | years, then continue to rise astronomically for several years
           | following.
           | 
           | This, 100% of the time, is followed up by rural people that
           | voted for this scenario to occur complaining that big city
           | politicians fucked them again.
        
           | MarkMarine wrote:
           | Insurance isn't run "at cost" it's run for profit. Insurers
           | are leaving because there isn't enough profit, and State
           | insurance cuts out the profit part. It's also more
           | trustworthy, there are many low cost insurers in Florida that
           | just completely screwed their customers. A disaster hit and
           | they just refuse to pay:
           | 
           | https://www.wfla.com/8-on-your-side/florida-insurers-
           | close-n...
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | You might be correct, but that article doesn't support your
             | claim. The article says 86% of claims were closed, of that
             | 86%, 70% received payment, 30% were closed without payment.
             | Maybe that 30% were screwed, maybe they weren't actually
             | covered, maybe they were below their deductible. The
             | article doesn't have an answer.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | Experience shows that of those closed-without-payment,
               | some kind of get-out-clause will have been invoked by the
               | insurer - but it's all above-board and legal, but _is it
               | right?_
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | When the market wants nothing to do with offering the
           | product, there can be no free market competition. Not that
           | most insurance is operating in anything remotely close to a
           | free market to begin with.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | They never liked it. Now, acting in collusion, they can have the
       | perfect excuse to do so without looking like a cartel.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | In that situation increasing the price seems more appropriate.
       | 
       | Not being insured for natural disasters to me defeats the
       | point...black swan events like natural disasters
        
       | pjscott wrote:
       | When insurance companies are legally forced to choose between
       | providing insurance at a loss and not providing it at all,
       | they'll predictably choose the latter. I have to wonder: who on
       | earth thought those price-restriction laws were a good idea?
        
         | baq wrote:
         | What's the difference between not providing a service and
         | bumping the price 20x in a year?
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | Rate of change limits, to combat this, are sane.
           | 
           | Historically, the rate one paid was related to the _risk_ one
           | was insuring. The alternative is to have those with low risk
           | pay for those with high risk. I would prefer we don't build
           | I. Places that need to be rebuilt every few years, which you
           | and I are paying for.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > Historically, the rate one paid was related to the risk
             | one was insuring.
             | 
             | And that's still the case today. The rate of change
             | regarding extreme weather events is significantly
             | accelerating due to climate change and unintentional
             | geoengineering [1], humans are ever more and more
             | encroaching on nature, and a lot of infrastructure like
             | power lines is frankly _rotting_ , so it's only a matter of
             | maths that insurers introduce serious rate hikes.
             | 
             | Another part is that insurers try to anticipate future risk
             | increases as well so they can build up reserves for when
             | disaster (inevitably) strikes... and politicians all over
             | the world aren't exactly prioritizing tackling climate
             | change, quite a few _openly deny_ it. So of course
             | insurances have to price in the additional risk coming from
             | the expectation of many more years of inaction making
             | climate change and its impact even worse.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.science.org/content/article/changing-
             | clouds-unfo...
        
             | baq wrote:
             | Exactly my point. They can't reduce their risk at current
             | prices so either raise prices or stop offering products. If
             | can't raise prices, only the other option remains.
        
           | oatmeal1 wrote:
           | Where are you getting the 20x number from?
        
             | baq wrote:
             | It's a IMHO reasonable first guess in a market without
             | functioning price discovery. Can ask the same question from
             | 2x to 200x easily.
        
         | paulmd wrote:
         | > I have to wonder: who on earth thought those price-
         | restriction laws were a good idea?
         | 
         | "Free-market, pro-freedom" conservatives in places like Florida
         | and South Carolina.
         | 
         | https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/state/2023/07/18/hu...
         | 
         | https://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article129837...
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I'm not convinced a lot of state lawmakers are smart enough to
         | realize this, it's an easy policy to sell to voters, and when
         | insurance companies do pull out, you just frame them as "greedy
         | businesses."
        
         | jfoutz wrote:
         | I'm not familiar with the price restrictions.
         | 
         | I thought, the way insurance worked was, I take a little money
         | from a lot of people, and when some rare event happens, I pay
         | out that one person whose house burned down. I don't know the
         | math off the top of my head to calculate how likely a lightning
         | strike, or bad wiring or whatever might cause a house to burn
         | down, but I'm sure such tables exist. So I bet every month that
         | no more than one house will burn down. If no houses burn down,
         | I'm in great shape and put that money in the stock market or
         | whatever and get a better return. Maybe I get unlucky and have
         | to rebuild 2 houses.
         | 
         | The sort of sense I get is, the insurance companies can't
         | calculate the probability of catastrophic weather. So there's
         | no way to pick how much to charge for premiums.
         | 
         | I get that it's a continuous curve. But if the cost of the
         | premium is half the cost of rebuilding the house, why buy
         | insurance? If I can squeak by one year without having to
         | rebuild, I should just keep the money and rebuild out of
         | pocket.
         | 
         | Perhaps I'm way way wrong. But insurance is cheap. If it's not
         | cheap, why bother? if it's annually a big chunk of the total
         | value of the asset, is there any point? Why put a $100 lock on
         | a $50 bicycle?
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >I get that it's a continuous curve. But if the cost of the
           | premium is half the cost of rebuilding the house, why buy
           | insurance? If I can squeak by one year without having to
           | rebuild, I should just keep the money and rebuild out of
           | pocket.
           | 
           | >Perhaps I'm way way wrong. But insurance is cheap. If it's
           | not cheap, why bother?
           | 
           | In that specific case it probably wouldn't make sense, but
           | that doesn't mean it happens in real life or it's
           | representative of the typical insurance buyer.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | Governments restrict how much insurance companies can
           | increase premiums each year. If they want to increase prices
           | beyond some percent, they need to make a special request,
           | which -- at least in California -- is being denied.
           | 
           | > _I thought, the way insurance worked was, I take a little
           | money from a lot of people, and when some rare event happens,
           | I pay out that one person whose house burned down._
           | 
           | Correct. The problem is that instead of one house burning
           | down, a significant percentage of the insured houses are
           | burning down. And the insurance companies are claiming that
           | when that happens, that wipes out all the premiums that have
           | been collected (including from customers whose houses did
           | _not_ burn down) and then some, so it 's not financially
           | possible for them to insure all these houses in high-risk
           | areas without eventually having to file for bankruptcy. So
           | they want to raise prices, but the government won't let them.
        
           | badlucklottery wrote:
           | > If it's not cheap, why bother?
           | 
           | The mortgage lender can require it. They don't want to have a
           | burnt down house on the books for any amount of time.
        
             | digitalsushi wrote:
             | Mortgage lenders can just start to require yet another
             | insurance, like PMI, but for natural disasters. I have
             | faith in them that they will find a way to bill us.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | In the US, the lender for a home mortgage is usually the
               | federal government (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae).
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/conformingloan.asp
        
             | evilduck wrote:
             | If you can afford 50% of your housing replacement cost in
             | premiums every year you probably don't need a mortgage.
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | I can see mortgage lenders moving towards a high-resistance
             | model, e.g. only financing homes with tile-only roofs and
             | defensive sprinkler systems in wildfire-risk zones,
             | elevated foundations (or how about tethered houseboats?) in
             | flood-risk zones, etc.
             | 
             | The issue is that if adaptation and resistance strategies
             | end up being required due to climate-related risks, climate
             | denialism ends and there'll be a lot more pressure to
             | replace fossil fuels with renewables.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _insurance companies can 't calculate the probability of
           | catastrophic weather_
           | 
           | They can. They can also sell the risk through cat bonds and
           | to reinsurers.
           | 
           | There is concentration risk, in that if you have one
           | hurricane claim you probably have many others. But that isn't
           | the problem. The problem is the price is too high, but the
           | folks in the disaster zones can't afford to rebuild on their
           | own.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | Natural disasters are especially problematic, because while
           | burglaries and house fires are nicely distributed across
           | time, when the earthquake or hurricane comes, every policy
           | holder in a region makes a claim at the same time.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | There's always a price where it makes sense to offer
           | insurance. It's possible that nobody wants to pay that price,
           | though.
           | 
           | Like in your example, if the annual premium is half the cost
           | of rebuilding the house, it implies that the insurance
           | company expects the house to get destroyed every 2 years
           | (maybe a bit less because profit & overhead). The rational
           | thing to do there isn't really to bank the premium into your
           | rebuilding fund (unless you're _really_ wealthy and _really_
           | want to live there), _it 's to move_. Continuing to stay in a
           | house that gets destroyed every 2 years is what we consider
           | an exercise in futility. And that's the situation that
           | climate change puts us in: some areas that were previously
           | populated are economically uninhabitable, because the cost of
           | rebuilding so frequently becomes greater than the benefit of
           | continuing to live there.
           | 
           | The issue with price restrictions is that in some places, the
           | response to "it's becoming more expensive to keep rebuilding
           | and insuring these places" has been "well, there should be a
           | law to limit how much those greedy insurance companies can
           | charge." And the predictable response to that is "if it costs
           | me more in insurance payouts than we can charge in premiums,
           | we are just going to stop doing business in this state." And
           | so even homeowners that would've been willing to pay the
           | higher premiums simply can't get insurance.
        
             | izzydata wrote:
             | I wonder what it take to convince people some of the coast
             | of Florida, much of California and other disaster areas are
             | uninhabitable. I definitely wouldn't want to live in a home
             | that is not insured or have insurance that is exceedingly
             | expensive. Also places in the middle of the desert that are
             | going to literally run out of water.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | It'd take their uninsured home getting destroyed when
               | they don't have any money for a replacement. That's
               | usually how market mechanisms work: you can no longer do
               | something when you run out of money for it.
               | 
               | (Also, I'm not convinced that the vast majority of houses
               | in California and Florida are economically uninsurable.
               | There's a wide variety in actual climate risk: houses in
               | the middle of an urban area don't realistically have much
               | more risk from wildfires than they do from an ordinary
               | house fire, while houses in Central Florida are, as
               | another commenter mentioned, much less vulnerable to
               | hurricanes than houses on the coast. As I mentioned to
               | another commenter, the rational response to everyone
               | leaving an area, if it's not actually economically
               | unviable, is to start your own insurance company and fill
               | the void they left. There may be a business opportunity
               | for startup insurers with better risk models than the
               | insurers that are leaving the area.)
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > There may be a business opportunity for startup
               | insurers with better risk models than the insurers that
               | are leaving the area.
               | 
               | Insurance is one of the most regulated areas in business,
               | and for good reasons - too many cases of shady or
               | undercapitalized companies going belly-up and leaving the
               | customers stranded, or being outright scams. Besides,
               | even the largest insurance companies don't shoulder all
               | the risk themselves - _no_ company can survive getting
               | hit by a few  "century events" in too short order, so
               | they purchase reinsurance, and even if your risk model
               | may be "better", your reinsurance rates will still be
               | based on the classic risk model.
               | 
               | In any case I _seriously_ doubt it that _any_ startup
               | could be a threat to the established giants of the
               | insurance world with hundreds of years of experience in
               | drawing up risk tables - Lloyd's of London dates back to
               | the 17th century [1] for a reason.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | When the house is destroyed, the government must then buy
               | the parcel and lock it up so it's never developed again.
               | Otherwise, someone else will build and come with their
               | hand out when the next catastrophic event occurs.
               | 
               | https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20230502/fact-sheet-
               | acqui...
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/when-homes-flood-who-
               | retreats-an...
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I've thought that ever since I was a kid reading news
               | reports about the trailer park at the mouth of a local
               | river getting junked every few years when Southern
               | California got more rain than average. Let FEMA help
               | people, sure, but it should be a one-time conversion to
               | national forest not an "act of god" which happens
               | multiple times per decade.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | What happens is the insurers are only allowed to insure
               | by large areas (perhaps the entire state) so they
               | normally handle the uninsurable areas by charging
               | insanely high for those places - but that is being
               | prohibited.
               | 
               | So they either need to be allowed to let prices float or
               | declare areas smaller than a state as "unisurable".
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Ah, I could see how this'd lead to market failure. Any
               | info on the specific regulation that's causing this? It's
               | having pretty severe negative impacts on the densely
               | populated urban areas of California to prop up specific
               | parts of the WUI that really should not have people
               | living in them anyway.
        
               | jfim wrote:
               | The convincing will happen by itself. A typical condition
               | for getting a mortgage is to get property insurance, and
               | if getting a new insurance policy issued is not possible,
               | then the property is de facto unsellable to anyone that
               | would require a mortgage.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | I spent part of the summer in Fort Myers, where Hurricane
               | Ian destroyed huge portions of the coastal areas and
               | barrier islands (most of Sanibel and Fort Myers Beach).
               | Most of a year later these islands look like a war zone -
               | they're still knocking down buildings and rebuilding
               | miles of structures. If another hurricane hits in the
               | next two years, I just don't see any of those built-up
               | coastal areas being economically viable to rebuild a
               | second time: they will just have to become lightly-
               | inhabited nature preserves. And we're still only halfway
               | through this year's storm season, with huge amounts of
               | energy stored up in record-warm gulf waters.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The problem is that _a lot_ of wealth is tied up in the
               | real estate markets of these areas. If the government
               | were to declare them uninhabitable, it would have to pay
               | out at least _some_ compensation to the owners, and that
               | would be a huge amount of money, politically completely
               | unviable.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Wouldn't necessarily be the government, it could also be
               | the market. After a disaster came through, you'd likely
               | have a lot of property owners that don't have the money
               | to rebuild their property. It just becomes abandoned land
               | with ruined houses on them, much like large swaths of
               | Detroit or New Orleans.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Which swathes of New Orleans do you claim are still like
               | this? I live in the Lower Ninth Ward for the record.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Historically it is viable. The trick is to affect a small
               | minority at a time. For example, if you live in a flood
               | zone (and have a federally backed mortgage), you are
               | required to buy flood insurance. Then you can expand the
               | flood zones to include more properties. This scenario is
               | a real example that happened around 2010 or so.
        
         | baggy_trough wrote:
         | Voters and politicians don't want to believe the laws of
         | economics. A tale as old as time.
        
           | Obscurity4340 wrote:
           | Only when it works for them. The Lord, in his infinite
           | wisdom, makes it rain for the rich and rain on the poor
           | alike.
        
         | cortesoft wrote:
         | > I have to wonder: who on earth thought those price-
         | restriction laws were a good idea?
         | 
         | Your mistake is assuming the intention of the people who passed
         | the law was to actually create cheaper insurance.
         | 
         | The laws WERE a good idea for the people who got them passed,
         | for their actual purpose; getting the representatives re-
         | elected.
        
           | eurleif wrote:
           | That implies voters thought the laws were a good idea, which
           | is consistent with the GP's question.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | You assume that the goal of everyone involved was to have
         | affordable insurance.
         | 
         | This is also an easy way to get people out of wildfire areas
         | without being the bad guy. Can blame Allstate that someone
         | needs to move.
         | 
         | It could also be that it is better politically to have cheap
         | insurance for 80% than more expensive insurance for 100%.
         | 
         | Or frankly, just an easy way to get some votes without really
         | getting blamed later.
        
         | YeBanKo wrote:
         | Do insurances actually end up loosing money in the sate of
         | California for example? Or is it a negotiating tactic tp
         | increase rate? So far the statement coming from insurers
         | themselves, and I think the reason why it was denied, is that
         | they refused to share they financial statements proving losses.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | > end up loosing money in the sate of California for example?
           | 
           | the home insurance industry in California changed
           | dramatically with the 2017 summer fire season. The numbers
           | are about "billion" in claims. ( _edit_ ) substantial
           | destruction of buildings of a major city Santa Rosa. At the
           | same time, price escalation of homes was in full swing. Some
           | houses experience a paper-value growth of more than ten
           | percent a year, on top of high prices. The combination is
           | fatal to the stable insurance industry.
           | 
           | No party is innocent on this.. all players are aggressively
           | padding their positions adversarially, including local
           | government. Less than half the burned homes were rebuilt,
           | four years later IIR.
           | 
           | ps- a recent study claims that about fifteen percent of
           | residential homes are under extreme fire risk in California
           | now, out of maybe 1.5 million structures... roughly,
           | depending on definitions.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | None of those houses should be rebuilt, of course. Cities
             | need to retreat from their interface with combustible
             | lands, and keep a large cleared buffer around built-up
             | areas. Sprawling out onto parched hillsides isn't a good
             | idea and I fully approve of insurers dropping those
             | policies.
             | 
             | Some of your other statements are exaggerated. You say a
             | third of Santa Rosa burned in 2017 but it was more like 3%
             | of the dwellings in that city. The Census states that Santa
             | Rosa has gained net dwellings in the last 5 and 10 years,
             | so Santa Rosa is not another Paradise.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | more rigorous analysis available for a modest fee.
               | Superficial AI search shows ~2800 homes destroyed
               | completely in Santa Rosa October 2017.
               | 
               | ps- I recommend this site.. https://ccst.us/reports/the-
               | costs-of-wildfire-in-california/
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | If they're smart insurers, they would leave _before_ there
           | are actual losses, because there 's a pretty significant lag
           | time between when you write the policy and when the customer
           | makes a claim. By the time there's a major disaster, it's too
           | late: they'll be bankrupt if they didn't collect premiums at
           | a rate that makes the disaster survivable.
           | 
           | If you believe that insurance is still profitable at the
           | rates where other insurers leave the market, the rational
           | response is to start your own insurance company. Run the
           | numbers and prepare a presentation to investors; if your
           | numbers are rational and convincing, you can capture the
           | market for yourself and reap the profits.
        
             | fatfingerd wrote:
             | I think few insurers can actually do any of that, let alone
             | a new one when the question is larger calamities. They all
             | have to buy from reinsurers which have a lower limit of
             | what they would charge that may be considerably lower than
             | what they are able to charge given how few reinsurers can
             | play with large risks.
             | 
             | For the consumer insurer its more like looking at a
             | commission and guessing whether it will go up again as
             | other market participants decide what to do.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | If you're against insurance company profiting, shouldn't you
           | fix that through payout minimums? Even if they could somehow
           | make money in california as a whole, it still a bad idea
           | because the price limit implies of transfer from people with
           | less risk to people with high risk, effectively subsidizing
           | people to live in high risk areas. Regardless of how you feel
           | about insurance profits, I think you can agree that's a bad
           | idea for society as a whole.
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | Insurance companies already have profit caps. If the loss
             | ratio is too low they will partially refund premiums to
             | bring it up.
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | In 2017 home insurance companies paid out 250% of premiums in
           | claims.
           | 
           | See page 63 of: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files
           | /2019-12/Forest...
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Nationwide recently said they will no longer provide plans in
       | coastal regions, excluding many of the population centers of the
       | US. They should be required to either cover everyone or no one,
       | just like health insurers supposedly do.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | They probably want to move in the direction of health insurance
         | - which is to basically take on no risk, have the state mandate
         | you have it anyway, and charge you a lot of money for _almost_
         | nothing.
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Gonna disagree here. At some point, people have to do the same
         | due diligence the insurance companies have done. Anyone
         | building a sea level house in the keys shouldn't be surprised
         | that insurance won't cover them. And no company should have
         | to..
        
         | alasdair_ wrote:
         | You don't have a choice of which body you inhabit. You
         | definitely have a choice of home you inhabit.
        
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