[HN Gopher] Learning For Mastery (1968) [pdf]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Learning For Mastery (1968) [pdf]
        
       Author : throwaway71271
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2023-09-01 08:38 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (files.eric.ed.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (files.eric.ed.gov)
        
       | abdellah123 wrote:
       | This is a marvelous piece of analysis of the "current"
       | traditional educational landscape. Seems like things only got
       | worse over 40 years ...
       | 
       | Treating the problems of education indeed transcends the school
       | and actually requires a great deal of political will and power.
       | "Education" must guide politics and have power over it.
       | 
       | And such a deep change in perspective and "economics" is just not
       | conceivable within the realms of the modern society as it is now.
       | It requires a deep change in method and people. And the latter
       | circles back to education, which makes it a hopeless loop ...
       | 
       | The only way to break it is to do "education" outside the realms
       | of school, to target a "minority" (to be practical not to
       | segregate), and to fight and work for a change that will make
       | education central and at the top of society.
       | 
       | P.S: By Education, I don't merely mean instruction. It's a
       | holistic and profound change in a human being ... that it aims to
       | create
        
         | throwaway71271 wrote:
         | > 40 years
         | 
         | Sadly its almost 60 years :)
         | 
         | Education tendencies seem to be incredibly latent and they have
         | huge inertia. For example in The Netherlands the amount of
         | languages you speak used to be a measure for intelligence, so
         | most schools teach 4 languages from the age of 12 (out of 9
         | subject 4 are languages). In the same time, languages are the
         | easiest to test, and also the easiest to progress a mass of
         | people. The easiest thing to test (and show improvement and
         | etc) in the bloom pyramid is memory.
         | 
         | You surely have people trying their hardest, like Julius
         | Miller: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s9psf01ldo (1964) or
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3szmCF8-L8 but the system does
         | not seem to respond to them/
         | 
         | But it seems the education institution is not trying to teach
         | people anything.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | > Treating the problems of education indeed transcends the
         | school and actually requires a great deal of political will and
         | power. "Education" must guide politics and have power over it.
         | 
         | Isn't the problem that we are mixing education and politics in
         | the first place?
         | 
         | We should probably separate education and the state just as
         | much as we separate church and state.
         | 
         | (The touch of politics seldom enhances the quality of anything.
         | The further your chosen activity is from politics, the easier
         | it is to improve quietly improve it.
         | 
         | Eg even just to stick to learning: Wikipedia and StackOverflow
         | are great. And so are lots of great how-to books and freely
         | available videos. They are as far removed from politics as it
         | gets.)
        
           | red_admiral wrote:
           | If you look at everything from "Monicagate" (not the Clinton
           | one!) to the recent moderator strike over AI-generated
           | answers, StackOverflow is not as apolitical as you suggest?
           | 
           | But to engage with your main point - I agree, and we can take
           | Germany as an example here.
           | 
           | During the Nazi period, everything was put in service of
           | politics, so in math class you'd answer questions like
           | "calculate how many extra hard-working German families we
           | could support if we the state didn't have to spend so-and-so-
           | many Reichsmarks per Jew".
           | 
           | Since 1945, there's been a strong tradition to keep politics
           | out of math and science education in Germany, and this seems
           | to be mostly holding even in face of "social justice"
           | pressure.
           | 
           | Keeping politics out of "is Phonics a good teaching method?"
           | would also have been a great idea in the English-speaking
           | world.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | > If you look at everything from "Monicagate" (not the
             | Clinton one!) to the recent moderator strike over AI-
             | generated answers, StackOverflow is not as apolitical as
             | you suggest?
             | 
             | Sure, and Wikipedia also has its own politics.
             | 
             | Yet, it's relatively easy to avoid both of them, if you
             | want to.
             | 
             | It's hard to avoid the political pressures on government-
             | run and/or government-funded education.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | I teach at a German University and I have never in a decade
             | perceived even the slightest scintilla of any student
             | creating "social justice pressure" in any of my or the
             | classes of my collegues.
             | 
             | Whenever there _was_ a social justice topic that made the
             | waves, it was typically about some prof who legitimately
             | acted like full blown asshole and thought everybody else
             | has to put up with their ego -- if anything disrupted
             | education in that case, it was them, and the student 's
             | demands were basically a totally understandable demand to
             | not have that guys ego get into the way of their education.
             | 
             | As I am working at a liberal art school you would think I
             | probably have witnessed the worst already, but I didn't.
             | Concerns about "social justice"-people putting pressure on
             | us always come from people who got no idea and are out of
             | the educational field for a while. As of now I am nearly
             | convinced that this is probably a collective mind virus
             | that is 99% fiction (and the 1% where it is true has so
             | little impact it doesn't even matter).
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | > As I am working at a liberal art school you would think
               | I probably have witnessed the worst already, but I didn't
               | 
               |  _There are these two young fish swimming along and they
               | happen to meet an older fish swimming the other way, who
               | nods at them and says "Morning, boys. How's the water?"
               | And the two young fish swim on for a bit, and then
               | eventually one of them looks over at the other and goes
               | "What the hell is water?"_
               | 
               | https://fs.blog/david-foster-wallace-this-is-water/
        
           | abdellah123 wrote:
           | I meant the needs of the education should guide "political"
           | decisions.
           | 
           | A simple example is that the education budget (percentage)
           | should be in two digits!!
        
             | readthenotes1 wrote:
             | Iirc , the stats show the more school budget the worse
             | education.
             | 
             | If you put "free" money into something the parasites will
             | gather. Systems exist to extend themselves, not yo provide
             | the service for which they were created (systemantics).
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | eru wrote:
             | And I am saying that there shouldn't be an education item
             | in the government's budget in the first place.
             | 
             | (Just to be clear, I'm all for giving poor people money, so
             | they can spend it as they see fit. Be that education or
             | food or entertainment etc. By contrast, rich people don't
             | need government hand-outs.)
        
               | gausswho wrote:
               | Disassembling public education would have substantial
               | societal externalities. If education is anything you want
               | it to be, why not graduate from DraftKings Precocious
               | Kids HIgh School?
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Sorry, I don't understand the second sentence.
               | 
               | Yes, I agree that public education has substantial costs.
               | Both direct costs to the victims and societal
               | externalities. Disassembling the monster would hopefully
               | stop some of them.
        
               | gausswho wrote:
               | So if up to an individual, what do you think they would
               | choose for their education if there were no mandates
               | agreed upon by their government. DraftKings is a gambling
               | titan that could offer a very profitable option.
        
               | throwaway71271 wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/56fzWyOxhJg (super short
               | argument)
               | 
               | Milton Friedman had some free market arguments for the
               | school system.
        
               | gyulai wrote:
               | I do not at all think that, if government wasn't in the
               | business of setting those standards, the standards would
               | turn out lower.
               | 
               | Reputation would follow the institutions, and graduating
               | from an institution that set lows standards wouldn't have
               | any signalling power to prospective employers, so
               | students wouldn't want to enroll there.
               | 
               | What you actually see in countries that have both a
               | private and public education system is that the private
               | institutions compete on the grounds of who sets the
               | highest standards, not on who offers the most riskless
               | opportunity to students to get the degree, irrespective
               | of how low an effort they put in or how incapable they
               | are.
               | 
               | If you're talking of a huge number of small institutions
               | in combination with high mobility, then maybe reputation
               | at the level of the individual institution wouldn't do
               | the trick, but you would probably see certification and
               | quality assurance agencies pop up to establish brands and
               | enforce standards around them.
        
               | gausswho wrote:
               | Well put. I recognize your argument, but ultimately don't
               | share your faith that private certification bodies will
               | do a better job than a government body such as the
               | Department of Education (as long as such an organization
               | is not intentionally devolved with unmeriting stooges). I
               | may switch opinion depending on if we are speaking about
               | schools/universities vs. jobs/trades. But it isn't one or
               | the other. An institution can have a reputation as well
               | as have standards to meet determined by a government
               | department, and I would likely advocate that a hybrid
               | approach is better than one or the other.
               | 
               | Measuring up a student/candidate who was home schooled or
               | self-taught works for some schools/vocations more than
               | others. Having certification/accreditation of some sort
               | streamlines the selection process. Whether such quality
               | is best defined by the market-driven private certifiers
               | or the government will depend on what type of education
               | we're talking about, and even then will be muddied by
               | one's belief in the efficacy of free markets vs
               | democratic governance, which is a whole other can 'o
               | worms.
        
           | hooverd wrote:
           | Could you define politics here? I don't see how you could
           | separate "politics" from education other than by just not
           | teaching history or anything that touches on social issues.
        
       | trane_project wrote:
       | My implementation of mastery learning (along with other related
       | ideas): https://github.com/trane-project/trane/
       | 
       | It bothered me enough that there was not something like this
       | already available, when the idea seemed so simple, that I ended
       | up doing it myself. The user experience is not very polished yet,
       | but I managed to turn the courses in here
       | https://improviseforreal.com/learning-materials into courses for
       | this software that can teach you ear training and to improvise on
       | any instrument in all keys, all modes, and most common chord
       | progression. Currently, I am doing it for piano, but I've only
       | reached about 15% of the total jam tracks so far. Obviously, I am
       | not distributing the tracks myself.
       | 
       | I am pretty sure the main issue is that there's no one funding
       | implementing these ideas. We've known about mastery learning,
       | spaced repetition, interleaving, etc. for decades, but it's not
       | all been put together into a coherent system. Something like
       | https://mathacademy.com/ is similar, but it's not open sourced
       | and cannot be used to create your own materials. No need for LLMs
       | or anything fancier to be involved when there's so much low-
       | hanging fruit that's not been implemented yet. The core of my
       | software is just a depth-first search over a graph, lol.
        
       | begueradj wrote:
       | There is also "The Improvement of the Mind" book, by Isaac Watts.
       | It even shaped one of the great minds of science: Michael Faraday
        
       | totetsu wrote:
       | Is this a counterpoint to the openai ai for education discussion?
        
       | drhodes wrote:
       | A more legible copy with selectable text:
       | https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED053419.pdf
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, let's change to that from
         | http://www.researchforteachers.org.uk/sites/default/files/Do...
         | above. Thanks!
        
       | gyulai wrote:
       | "researchforteachers dot org dot uk" sounds like it might be an
       | interesting organization that I'd like to know more about, but
       | the domain root is just a login mask. Does anyone have details on
       | who is behind and what else they offer to the general public
       | besides a scanned PDF of an interesting article?
        
       | isaacfrond wrote:
       | tl;dr if you provide each student with the appropriate kind and
       | quality of instruction and the amount of time available for
       | learning then the majority of students will achieve mastery.
        
         | thechao wrote:
         | I had two of my kids in a mastery school. The school didn't
         | "do" mastery very, well, but it's a lot better than public
         | school. Students learn different parts of a subject at
         | different rates. By tuning the time the kids had to learn a
         | sub-subject, they could fully master the subject, and at an
         | accelerated pace compare to public school.
         | 
         | If I could get Khan-academy + peer socialization + baby sitting
         | "in one room", I think that'd be ideal.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-09-01 23:01 UTC)