[HN Gopher] CT scans of coffee-making equipment
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       CT scans of coffee-making equipment
        
       Author : eucalyptuseye
       Score  : 669 points
       Date   : 2023-08-31 18:35 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scanofthemonth.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scanofthemonth.com)
        
       | nurple wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | blamazon wrote:
       | I got a kick out of this passage:
       | 
       | > At times, Fourth Wave innovations verge into the realm of
       | obsession, making you wonder how much real difference all of this
       | precision makes to a cup of coffee. At the end (or beginning) of
       | the day, coffee is a ritual. More than mere caffeine delivery,
       | these technologies enable a multi-faceted sensory experience.
       | Exploring the complexity of its flavors and aromas has
       | transformed coffee from an article of consumption into an open-
       | ended object of scientific and aesthetic experimentation.
        
         | notamy wrote:
         | I love that way of thinking about it. I wish I thought about
         | more things as more than just the bland day-to-day they seem to
         | be on the surface.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | There are certainly diminishing returns on many of the aspects
         | coffee enthusiasts care about. But when I started experimenting
         | with an Aeropress and some better coffee I found it interesting
         | that there were many fundamental aspects I could easily taste.
         | Temperature and grind settings can get very obvious quickly.
         | And also the difference between roast levels or some kinds of
         | coffee beans/preparation are not difficult to taste. And I
         | don't trust myself to distinguish any of the more subtle tastes
         | coffee enthusiasts talk about.
         | 
         | But once you e.g get into arguments on whether high-end
         | grinders with conical or flat burrs are better you're far into
         | the diminishing returns that might not survive a blind test.
        
       | tomasGiden wrote:
       | Related, but not as fancily presented, the startup I'm at just
       | scanned a coffee bean in our micro-CT that we developed. It's
       | especially good for low-Z (like carbon and silicon) based samples
       | in contrast to normal X-Rays that see right through it (think
       | x-ray images of a broken arm where the tissue is invisible).
       | 
       | https://exciscope.com/applications/food-and-packaging/
        
         | jval43 wrote:
         | Awesome. I would be curious to see what the difference is
         | between monsooned malabar and some more regularly stored beans.
        
       | C-x_C-f wrote:
       | Very cool as always! If I may be pedantic about the lede:
       | 
       | > The history of coffee provides a rich index of global economic
       | and cultural exchange going back thousands of years.
       | 
       | The history of coffee is less than 600 years old.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | If I may be pedantic in return
         | 
         | > The history of coffee is less than 600 years old.
         | 
         | The history of coffee being traded internationally is around
         | 600 years old. Coffee began being "domesticated" (more in the
         | Graeber "play-farming" sense of the word) at least 7k years ago
         | 
         | Likely even longer before that given the dominance of the plant
         | in parts of Ethiopia. Today the few "coffee forests" remaining
         | are protected ecosystems by UNESCO
        
       | gaudat wrote:
       | I thought X-rays do not pass through metal? Like it shows up
       | opaque in clinical images. Suprised that they got a scan of the
       | moka pot. Truly amazing stuff.
        
         | mcpackieh wrote:
         | Metal blocks some x-rays but not all. The more x-rays you have,
         | the more pass through. When doctors are xraying people, they
         | use as little xrays as they need to get a good image of the
         | fleshy bits, so metal objects appear opaque relative to that.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | You can use a much higher dose on inanimate objects than you
         | could on a human patient. (See, for example, airport security's
         | ability to see inside your Macbook...)
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | X-rays are used a lot in non-destructive testing for welding
         | and also in civil engineering to look inside concrete and
         | rebar!
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Entire aircraft engines and rocket engines can in fact be
         | x-rayed (google image search awaits you). Granted if you stuck
         | your hand in there it would definitely get cooked. The power
         | levels are much higher.
         | 
         | If you really want to dive down a rabbit hole, look up how they
         | image welds on pipelines... literally inject radioactive gas
         | between two cardboard/clay plugs and tape an xray film on the
         | outside of the weld for an hour or two.
        
       | tasnimreza wrote:
       | can someone explain what library they use to render scan images?
        
         | endeavour wrote:
         | The technique is called volume rendering. I'm not sure what
         | library they specifically use but a popular one is VTK.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Wish they'd done a commercial segafreddo or like unit.
        
       | kristofferR wrote:
       | Slight sidenote, but today I've reading about Dual-energy CT tech
       | in airports [1], which will finally force airports to unban
       | liquids above 100ml.
       | 
       | Some call the 2006 liquid explosive terror plot a failure, but
       | it's been one of the most effective ever IMO. The economic and
       | environmental effects [2] of the ban have been massive, likely
       | resulting in thousands of lives lost.
       | 
       | [1] ECAC EDS C3
       | 
       | [2] At London's Heathrow Airport alone, approximately 2.2 tons of
       | liquids, aerosols, and gels were confiscated every day in 2017.
        
       | calpaterson wrote:
       | Are there any advantages to the aluminium version of a moka pot
       | aside from tradition/aesthetics?
       | 
       | I switched to one of the (Bialetti-made) stainless steel ones
       | ("Venus" shape) because at one point I lived somewhere with an
       | induction hob. I immaculately saw that the stainless version was
       | considerably easier to clean. Cleaning, afterall, is half the job
       | of using one of these.
       | 
       | Visually, I prefer the aluminium shape of course, but they are a
       | real nightmare to keep clean and presumably you're drinking a lot
       | of that aluminium oxide.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | Not answering your question but Bialetti make an adaptor plate
         | that lets you use an aluminium moka pot on an induction hob, I
         | have one, it works well.
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | Interesting images and a very well put together page.
       | 
       | But a little off topic, I was struck by this:
       | 
       | > With the powerful 1200 W heating element
       | 
       | A typical European kettle is at least 1800 W, comfortably less
       | than the power deliverable from a 10 A, 230 V circuit. A typical
       | UK kettle would be more like 3000 W, such as this one (it seems
       | that all the kettles on that website are 3 kW):
       | 
       | https://www.argos.co.uk/product/9363195?clickPR=plp:1:72
        
         | cjs_ac wrote:
         | UK plug sockets are rated at 13 A, giving a maximum power
         | rating of 2,990 W. Kettles are consequently amongst the
         | highest-drawing household appliances in the UK.
         | 
         | Back when there were only three television channels, the
         | National Grid planners used to pore over the Radio Times,
         | looking for popular programmes like the Morecambe and Wise
         | Christmas Special (21 to 28 million viewers in 1977), so they
         | could prepare for the demand surge of the entire nation putting
         | the kettle on at the end of the programme.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Is there a reason why European kettles are typically 2200W
           | and UK kettles are 3000W?
           | 
           | European plug sockets are typically rated for 16A, secured
           | with a matching breaker and allowing for about 3500W of
           | power. Appliances that use the full 3500W are rare but they
           | exist, so it is not like it is illegal. So why don't
           | Europeans get the 3000W kettles too?
           | 
           | Maybe some people have 10A circuits, maybe this is a margin
           | so that other appliances can be plugged in the same circuit,
           | or maybe it is just more expensive.
           | 
           | I have noticed that most 3000W+ appliances I can buy in
           | France are more "professional", like what you can find in
           | commercial kitchens or in workshops, but again, it does not
           | mean they are not sold to consumers.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > European plug sockets are typically rated for 16A,
             | secured with a matching breaker and allowing for about
             | 3500W of power. Appliances that use the full 3500W are rare
             | but they exist, so it is not like it is illegal. So why
             | don't Europeans get the 3000W kettles too?
             | 
             | The British plug (and ring wiring scheme) was designed for
             | two 13A electric heaters on a single ring, so continuous
             | load.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, German Schuko and the related French E plug are
             | theoretically capable of 16A peak load, modern sockets are
             | capable of 16A continuous load as well, but a lot of old
             | installations and especially old sockets are rated for 10A
             | only - so typical kettles are limited to 2200W/9.6A to
             | leave a bit of headroom for older, more trigger-happy
             | circuit breakers and other devices on the same circuit.
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | I think - I am an electrical engineer working in the
               | offshore industry, so I have only superficial knowledge
               | of shore-based installations - anyway, I seem to recall
               | that the Norwegian electrical code calls for Schuko not
               | being used to carry more than 10A continously, 16A
               | intermittent.
               | 
               | However, until relatively recently, the average
               | residential circuit was 10A, though you could get 16A if
               | you asked for it - typically for tumble driers, washing
               | machines and the like - so the market for appliances
               | requiring more than 10A was quite slim.
               | 
               | I am sure the appliance stores didn't want to have to
               | explain to each and every customer that the beefy kettle
               | they had just put on the counter might not work at their
               | house - hence, 10A appliances for all.
               | 
               | (Incidentally, I have a 3kW kettle I bought in the UK and
               | a couple of 16A outlets on my kitchen counter.)
        
               | tommiegannert wrote:
               | In Sweden (Schuko), 1.5 mm2 wall installations are rated
               | for up to 13 A now, but used to be 10 A. It's the wires
               | in the walls being the bottleneck, not the connectors.
               | Dunno why they up-rated it. Can't imagine the copper is
               | better now than it used to be.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | I am an electrical engineer who has to learn all those
             | norms.
             | 
             | The normal eueopean "Schuko" plug is rated for 16A _short
             | term_ and 10A long term. Long in that context means
             | everything above 1 hour of continous load, which should
             | cover typical applications of water cookers.
             | 
             | The wall sockets are typically the same, although 16A
             | continous variants exist and old wall sockets with bad
             | contacts can easily heat up enough that I would avoid ever
             | going over 10A with them if it can be avoided.
        
           | quartz wrote:
           | Related HN discussion about UK power demand surges due to
           | millions of kettles being simultaneously turned on during TV
           | breaks: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5018560
        
             | AdamN wrote:
             | TV Pickup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_pickup) also
             | leads to the political issue where one of the drivers of
             | Brexit was that the 'EU' wanted to 'take away' traditional
             | kettles because there was a proposal to embed a warm up
             | cycle of a few seconds into the heating element so it
             | didn't have spiky power consumption which caused very large
             | amounts of simultaneous draw.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCAzalhldg8
        
           | jcul wrote:
           | I remember discussing this during a lecture as part of my
           | electronic engineering degree, speaking about planning for
           | demand during half time of big football matches when everyone
           | went and boiled the kettle at the same time.
        
           | Lapha wrote:
           | >UK plug sockets are rated at 13 A, giving a maximum power
           | rating of 2,990 W.
           | 
           | Nominally, anyway. When the EU standardised mains voltages
           | they mostly did so on paper by fudging the tolerances, UK's
           | 240v +/- 3% became 230v -6/+10%. 28 years later and I still
           | see the mains voltage in the 240-250v range more often than
           | not.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I checked, across the pond (here in NL) most kettles are up to
         | 2200, maybe 2400 W; the 3 kW ones are the "dispense instant
         | boiling water" type things. I suspect the UK power standards
         | are a bit more beefy, the plugs sure are.
         | 
         | It's probably a wide safety margin, you should be able to run
         | an electric oven, a hob, and a kettle at the same time on a
         | single fuse group nowadays. Or a kitchen should have separate
         | groups.
        
         | cjrp wrote:
         | > ...the kettle reaches optimal temperature very quickly -- in
         | under three minutes
         | 
         | That's too long to wait for a brew.
        
           | p1mrx wrote:
           | If you fill to the minimum line (0.5L) instead of the maximum
           | (1.7L), it will boil in under 1 minute.
           | 
           | When buying a kettle, the most important specs are the
           | minimum fill and wattage (ideally 1500W in the US.)
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | Any amount of time feels like too long to wait for a brew
           | ever since I got one of these:
           | 
           | https://www.zojirushi.com/app/category/water-boilers-warmers
           | 
           | (To answer the question an inquisitive reader may ask: the
           | keep-warm setting of the model I have uses about 25-60 watts
           | average at room temp 73degF/23degC depending on volume and
           | selected water temp) [1, pg5]
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.zojirushi.com/servicesupport/manuals/manual_
           | pdf/...
        
           | exabrial wrote:
           | Reduce the pressure! :)
        
           | c_o_n_v_e_x wrote:
           | I once met the guy who owned Zip in Australia. Sold out for
           | big $$$ apparently.
           | 
           | https://www.zipwater.com/for-home
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I'm not sure what the point is you're trying to make?
         | 
         | I'm sure you're aware that US sockets are 110-120V. The power
         | required by a European kettle would too often trip someone's
         | circuit breaker in the US, especially if any other equipment
         | were also plugged in (you usually want to stick to max 1500 W
         | on a circuit).
         | 
         | Clearly the "powerful 1200 W" is in the context of equipment
         | designed for American residential sockets -- the page is
         | produced by an American company after all.
         | 
         | (Which is why Americans don't use electric kettles nearly as
         | much as Brits/Europeans, of course.)
        
           | beojan wrote:
           | A heating element is basically just a resistor, right? Which
           | means if you run one on half the design voltage it'll draw
           | half the current it's meant to and produce 1/4 the power.
        
             | dgfitz wrote:
             | Half the voltage = 2x the amperage draw, not half, if I'm
             | not mistaken.
        
               | beojan wrote:
               | P = (v^2)/R. It's R that stays constant, not P.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | tpl wrote:
       | They picked boring things to look at unfortunately. Not a lot
       | going on in Moka pot that you can't grok just by looking at and
       | taking it apart. Throwing a whole all-in-one countertop machine
       | might be cooler.
        
         | hex4def6 wrote:
         | Agree, although it was interesting seeing the porosity in the
         | casting in the new design.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | And the aluminum shavings inside the chamber...
        
       | felipc wrote:
       | The point about the newer Bialettis being cheaper is absolutely
       | true. My mother has an old (>10 years) Moka that feels heavy and
       | sturdy. A couple of years ago, after accidentally leaving it on
       | the stove for too long, the bottom chamber and the filter basket
       | got a permanent burnt coffee taste, and we bought a new one to
       | replace it. That one was lighter and came with a significant
       | thinner filter basket, which I also attributed to either being
       | counterfeit or just they shipping cheaper versions of the product
       | to Brazil.
       | 
       | Then, a couple of months ago, I was on vacation in Italy and
       | decided to get a brand new one as a gift, directly from an
       | official Bialetti store. To my surprise, the Mokas in the store
       | felt exactly like the lower-quality one we had bought in Brazil.
       | I didn't even buy the gift.
        
         | MarkMarine wrote:
         | You see a similar thing with the glass chemex. There is a
         | healthy market on eBay for pre-1980 models that were hand blown
         | from great quality glass. My wife got me one for a gift and the
         | difference in feel is remarkable. New ones feel fragile, this
         | feels solid and strong. I've broken two of the newer versions
         | and it's dangerous. The old one is still standing strong in my
         | house, surviving trips in my RV, and generally doing it's job.
         | I'm sure I sound like a curmudgeon but they don't make stuff
         | like they used to
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | This feels like it might be similar to the difference between
           | PYREX and pyrex [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.allrecipes.com/article/what-is-the-
           | difference-be...
        
           | anamexis wrote:
           | They still make high quality ones, you just have to
           | specifically get the "handblown series" (at 2-3x the price of
           | the regular).
           | 
           | e.g. https://www.chemexcoffeemaker.com/eight-cup-handblown-
           | series...
        
             | MarkMarine wrote:
             | I am aware of those, but from what I understand the pre-80s
             | ones are still better. I'm sure given a little time someone
             | who is chemex expert will chime in and give a definitive
             | comment.
        
               | DougBTX wrote:
               | Even if the manufacturing process is the same, pre-80s
               | ones may be better on average due to survivorship bias:
               | the weaker ones broke already.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | dingus9001 wrote:
         | Luckily for you bialetti doesn't have a monopoly on the design
         | and you can just get a better quality one from another
         | manufacturer
        
         | C-x_C-f wrote:
         | Bialetti has been on its last leg since 2015. They're drowning
         | in debt and (in the best case scenario) are headed toward
         | restructuring soon; in any case their future's not looking
         | bright.
        
           | tdullien wrote:
           | Any insights into what went wrong?
        
             | C-x_C-f wrote:
             | I'm not sure about the details. IMHO a contributing factor
             | is that they're a company historically centered around
             | manufacturing nearly indestructible appliances (even the
             | newer mokas, however flimsier, don't break easily); once
             | the market was saturated with the flagship product, there's
             | only so much profit they could squeeze out of selling
             | accessories and the like.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | But even if the market is saturated... is it really? I'm
               | just an armchair expert in this case, but as far as I'm
               | aware, there's not a coffee maker yet in every house;
               | they will eventually break if overheated for example (I
               | broke mine's rubber seal by putting it on the stove
               | without water); and there's plenty of untapped markets
               | out there yet.
               | 
               | That said, one person may buy one coffee maker and never
               | need another one for the next decade or two, or pass it
               | on to their children if it's really good. So what another
               | comment said, them expanding into selling coffee as well
               | for example, sounds like an idea.
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | If the rubber seal is damaged, you can simply replace it,
               | you don't need to buy a new coffee maker. When people
               | mention that newer coffee makers are cheaper and lower-
               | quality, that's probably Bialetti trying to reach a
               | larger market. I guess lots of people bought one and
               | rarely if ever used it (I think even I have one
               | somewhere, but don't ask me where).
               | 
               | As for expanding into selling coffee: that's natural for
               | systems like Senseo or Nespresso, where you have custom
               | pads/pods which you insert into the machine (not sure if
               | third-party pad/pod makers have to pay a license fee to
               | the "system provider"?), but Bialetti coffee makers work
               | with any ground coffee. Might be an idea nevertheless,
               | but not sure about the odds of success - I imagine most
               | Italians already have their favorite brand of coffee and
               | wouldn't suddenly switch to "Bialetti Coffee" just
               | because they say it works best with their machines.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | That hypothesis implies that they would wipe out the
               | whole industry long before themselves, so it's probably
               | not correct.
        
               | C-x_C-f wrote:
               | Not really, it remains true even when you take
               | competition into account. Also, the rest of the industry
               | isn't really playing the same game: all other companies
               | producing moka pots are vastly more diversified. You have
               | e.g. Alessi which fills the design-oriented niche (and
               | has tons of other products), or the countless crummy
               | knock-off factories which churn out all sorts of trash
               | and just happen to machine moka pots once in a while. But
               | only Bialetti kept all its eggs in one basket (at least
               | until it was too late).
        
               | ImprovedSilence wrote:
               | their quality went way downhill and they shipped
               | production overseas. I would love to have a nice bialetti
               | moka express or a stainless version. i bought one probs 8
               | or 9 yrs ago, and it wasn't long before the tin lining
               | separated, and the overall quality was crap. nothing like
               | my mothers or any others I had used when i was introduced
               | to them in italy. so i bought an alessi stainless steel
               | made in italy pot at like 5x the price, and never looked
               | back. but do i think a well built bialetti would be as
               | good or better, they just dont make them well anymore...
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I see a lot of Bialetti-branded cookware at local
               | supermarkets. Things like nonstick frying pans. I
               | actually bought one on a trip once when I needed a pan,
               | and it's pretty good.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | q7xvh97o2pDhNrh wrote:
               | I don't know if this is the ideal takeaway. Otherwise, we
               | should all prioritize making our products flimsier and
               | more expensive.
               | 
               | I think it's just a straightforward failure of creativity
               | -- or, even more plainly, a failure to understand their
               | customer. They had a great product, which led to a loyal
               | following -- why not expand into adjacent markets?
               | 
               | The cruel irony is that their product was related to
               | something that's _extremely_ disposable. Why not get into
               | the business of coffee beans? Why not partner with
               | interesting coffee growers? Subscription businesses have
               | been huge for decades, now -- why not offer consumers the
               | ability to buy an espresso bean subscription to go with
               | their Mokapot, thereby generating a reliable recurring
               | revenue stream?
               | 
               | A glimpse at their Wikipedia page [1] suggests they never
               | even _tried_ to branch out from the small, comfortable
               | niche of cookware.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bialetti
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | Here in Italy, Bialetti have nice outlets, much like Le
               | Creuset does. The one in my town often has quite a few
               | people in.
        
               | quags wrote:
               | Brand protection may be one reason. Branding with a
               | supplier who messes up in the coffee bean arena would
               | hurt their reputation. Some business will throw ideas out
               | and see what fits and maybe get a second really good
               | product. Getting another product and being successful is
               | hard enough which is why you see larger companies buying
               | out others. It's easier to buy and get a successful
               | product from and existing than branching out and hitting
               | another success.
        
               | xcdzvyn wrote:
               | > Otherwise, we should all prioritize making our products
               | flimsier and more expensive.
               | 
               | It's the view of many that this is indeed what most
               | companies prioritize -- I'm not saying it's true, but it
               | doesn't seem to be a particularly fringe opinion. It's in
               | the vein of enshittification.
               | 
               | Also, might I ask how you inserted that em-dash? A
               | keyboard shortcut? It's interesting to see fancy
               | typography online.
        
               | nor-and-or-not wrote:
               | In macOS you can also use:
               | 
               | option+minus for en-dash - and shift+option+minus for em-
               | dash --
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | This can be reproduced on Linux using the "mac" layout.
               | "option" is "level 3 shift" on Linux.
               | 
               | This works on X11, I haven't tried on Wayland.
               | 
               | On Windows it works, too, by grabbing the "us - mac"
               | layout and using the alt-gr for the mac's option. I think
               | this is the layout I use:
               | https://github.com/adunning/Mac-Keyboard-Layouts-for-
               | Windows
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | peterhadlaw wrote:
               | One can look up the utf8 character for different
               | typographical characters and copy and paste them in. On
               | macOS at least, there is a keyboard shortcut for "emojis"
               | (Cntl+Cmd+Space) and a little window shows up where you
               | can search for emojis by name, and typographical
               | characters by name (such as "em dash"). --pjh
        
               | xcdzvyn wrote:
               | > One can look up the utf8 character for different
               | typographical characters and copy and paste them in.
               | 
               | Haha, yeah, that's what I usually do. But it's arduous
               | enough for me not to bother for a HN comment. That's why
               | I brought it up.
               | 
               | I love macOS' emoji picker thing, I wish there were
               | something like it on Linux.
        
               | butterknife wrote:
               | KCharSelect on KDE Plasma is a good alternative on Linux.
        
               | js2 wrote:
               | Bring up the keyboard viewer widget on macOS and it will
               | show you a live preview of what each key is... you can
               | hold down the modifiers to see how the keys change.
               | 
               | https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/use-the-
               | keyboard-vi...
               | 
               | Also--FWIW--an m-dash should not have whitespace on
               | either side, at least, not in America. :-)
               | 
               | https://medium.com/typography/on-dashes-hyphens-and-
               | other-im...
               | 
               | https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/08/mind-your-en-
               | and-em...
        
               | cwillu wrote:
               | WinCompose is wonderfully intuitive for those on
               | operating systems without one included stock.
        
               | piaste wrote:
               | > I don't know if this is the ideal takeaway. Otherwise,
               | we should all prioritize making our products flimsier and
               | more expensive.
               | 
               | That's an "is-ought" gap if I've ever seen one, sadly.
        
             | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
             | They started making garbage quality products and their
             | brand recognition plummeted? Look at the mukka express for
             | example. [0]
             | 
             | They did one thing well and succeeded for decades and then
             | tried to expand their business and failed miserably.
             | 
             | I have seen crap quality bialetti everything. They make
             | pots and pans now too.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.amazon.ca/Bialetti-Express-Cow-Print-
             | Stovetop-Ca...
        
             | Reason077 wrote:
             | > _" Any insights into what went wrong?"_
             | 
             | For one thing, things like Aeropress, Nespresso/Keurig, and
             | cheaper/better home espresso and bean-to-cup coffee
             | machines came along. People don't necessarily need to muck
             | around with a Moka pot to make quality coffee at home any
             | more.
             | 
             | And if you really _do_ want a Moka pot, there 's a lot of
             | cheaper Chinese competitors now that look the part and
             | actually have reasonable quality.
        
         | rfrey wrote:
         | James Hoffman gives a good history of Bialetti here:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upgQsA5kLAk including their
         | sale to Faema and later to a cookware manufacturer, their
         | numerous brushes with bankruptcy, and the stiff competition
         | they've gotten from... even in Italy... pod machines.
        
           | sdfghswe wrote:
           | What did you expect? They're not exactly innovators, are
           | they?
        
       | amirathi wrote:
       | Is anyone here worried about pouring hot water into Aeropress
       | plastic? I know it's polypropylene, which is BPA-Free but could
       | there be things that we haven't properly researched yet?
        
         | budgi4 wrote:
         | Heating plastics can release not just BPA but also phthalates,
         | dioxins, and other harmful compounds which are linked to lots
         | of nasty heath issues like hormone disruption, cancer and
         | reproductive problems.
         | 
         | Polypropylene is generally considered one of the safer plastics
         | with it's high heat tolerance meaning doesn't leach harmful
         | chemicals. While pure polypropylene may be considered safe,
         | additives used in the manufacturing such as colourants or
         | fillers could have their own health risks.
         | 
         | Personally avoid mixing food or drinks with any heated
         | plastics, including my coffee. I use French press for my coffee
         | but if Aeropress is your thing and want to avoid plastic I've
         | heard good things about the Cafelat Robot which is made almost
         | entirely out of aluminium and stainless steel.
        
         | luag wrote:
         | If you want to avoid plastic, Hario Switch is a great
         | alternative. It allows you to steep and release, kinda similar
         | to AeroPress (pressure only comes from gravity though).
         | 
         | Cone is made of glass, stopper is from stainless steel, but the
         | base is made of silicone. I imagine the hot water contact with
         | the silicone will be a lot less compared to AeroPress.
         | 
         | If you get the size 03, you can more easily brew enough coffee
         | for 2 people.
        
       | void-pointer wrote:
       | It drives me crazy how V60 and Chemex are regarded as "modern"
       | when the Chemex is from the 40s and the V60 is a knock-off of the
       | Melitta 102 conical filter system, which was invented in 1936!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Isn't that modern in the sense of the modern movement in
         | design, and not modern as contemporary?
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | The V60 isn't a knock-off of the Melitta, it's much more of
         | rethinking and redesign of the basic concept Melitta
         | introduced. They might look superficially similar, but if you
         | actually use both products side by side they work quite
         | differently.
        
       | for1nner wrote:
       | > Compared to flat burrs, conical burrs also create a more
       | uniform particle size distribution, reducing the potential for
       | clogs and jams
       | 
       | Well this is just...not true. Porlex musta sold them pretty hard
       | on Conicals.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | I've always thought that about conical burrs, but I guess I've
         | never seen anyone actually look at them under a microscope
         | either
        
       | riobard wrote:
       | A few days ago I accidentally put wife's beloved Bialetti Brikka
       | pot in the dishwasher. The aluminium lost its anodized coating
       | due to chemical reaction with the detergent (alkaline I think),
       | and the pot turned dull/dark gray. Scrubbing the surface left
       | some gray mark on fingers, which got me wonder if aluminium is
       | actually safe for making coffee? Bialetti also sells stainless
       | steel pots, and I wonder if they're safer to use.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | Oh Lord, I hope you were forgiven..
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Generally, acidic foods shouldn't be used in conjunction with
         | aluminum. I suspect the patina protects against this, but I
         | wouldn't drink the coffee until it has been re-established.
         | 
         | Stainless steel is always preferable from a safety POV.
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | The website is beautiful expect that stupid cookie popup. Has
       | anyone ever got any fines for not putting up cookie popup in
       | their website?
       | 
       | Also, if you are into this, you might like the book:
       | 
       | Cut in Half: The Hidden World Inside Everyday Objects
       | https://www.amazon.com/Cut-Half-Hidden-Everyday-Objects/dp/1...
        
         | davidmurdoch wrote:
         | Brave browser does some annoying things, but automatically
         | blocking cookie popups is worth it.
        
       | GoofballJones wrote:
       | Just reading the headline I was like "why X-ray them? Couldn't
       | they just take them apart to see what's inside". But clicking on
       | the article made me go "Oh, I get it now. This is damn
       | interesting and very informative."
       | 
       | Well done!
        
       | ulrischa wrote:
       | Reminds me of my cancer scans
        
       | billsmithaustin wrote:
       | Moka pot rubber gaskets are replaceable.
        
       | vlowrian wrote:
       | > There's also a hidden game in the Stagg EKG and Corvo EKG
       | kettles. If you remove your kettle from the base and toggle the
       | F/C switch back and forth, you'll unlock a snake-like game called
       | Wormy that you can play using the dial.
       | 
       | Funny, how I'm finding out about that from a CT scan of my kettle
       | :)
        
       | murermader wrote:
       | The images on mobile behind the text lead to pretty low contrast
       | between foreground and background, making the text hard to read.
        
       | bragr wrote:
       | This site is probably one of the most clever bits of advertising
       | since the Will It Blend folks at Blendtec
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | Another company that made an indestructible product!
        
         | culi wrote:
         | Afaict Lumafield (the company behind this) sells b2b. Seems
         | like a very non-egregious form of advertising. I think most
         | likely the engineers that work on this are hobbiests. Perhaps
         | they managed to convince C-suite to let them use part of the
         | marketing budget but I find it hard to believe a company would
         | pay $4.5k/month for their tech because of hype and a pretty
         | website alone
         | 
         | https://www.scanofthemonth.com/scans
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Or the slo-mo channels on youtube for that matter.
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | This has to be a marketing exercise by the CT machine maker,
       | right?
       | 
       | "We spotted casting issues with the new pot" "We can see the
       | density difference in the plastic" "We found aluminum shavings"
       | 
       | For the right audience, this would definitely sell one of those
       | big fancy CT machines.
       | 
       | Not that I'm complaining -- visuals, presentation, content is all
       | thoroughly interesting, speaking as someone with an Aeropress, a
       | Moka. Pretty awesome piece.
        
         | rx_tx wrote:
         | Correct, it's produced as a cool nerdy promo by a CT scan
         | machine company (https://www.scanofthemonth.com/about)
         | 
         | Every article from them does pretty well on HN, understandably
         | so.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | Yes, in the about us page they say it is "powered by"
         | Lumafield.
        
           | frakkingcylons wrote:
           | Finally, a use for the $700K burning a hole in my pocket.
        
       | samcheng wrote:
       | >There's also a hidden game in the Stagg EKG and Corvo EKG
       | kettles. If you remove your kettle from the base and toggle the
       | F/C switch back and forth, you'll unlock a snake-like game called
       | Wormy that you can play using the dial.
       | 
       | It was fun to walk over to the kitchen and discover something new
       | from a two-year-old appliance!
        
       | canadianfella wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | tw1984 wrote:
       | when those poors will never be able to afford a CT scan when they
       | are sick...
       | 
       | well done.
        
       | vilunov wrote:
       | Does anyone else get 406 Not Acceptable openresty error on this
       | website?
        
         | vilunov wrote:
         | Seems to me that a bunch of websites block IP addresses with
         | tor relays (not exits), and they all send a `x-cluster-name:
         | eu-west-1-prod-hosting-red` header.
        
       | msds wrote:
       | CT is the wrong imaging tech for Moka pots at least - they're
       | much cooler looking if you're doing neutron imaging and can see
       | the water: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VESMU7JfVHU
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | Comment from the author on that video:
         | 
         | >The aluminum is easily activated and directly after the
         | experiment it often has something in the order of 300-400uSv/h.
         | This decays to 4-5uSv/h in about 15-20min, some hours are
         | needed to reach inactive status <0.1uSv/h. The coffee does not
         | become active to a degree that is worth mentioning. However,
         | due to the risk of contamination in the controlled zone it is
         | not allowed to eat or drink things that have been in the beam.
         | 
         | Yow, toasty.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Very cool, if you don't care about seeing the condensed steam
         | this could be done with X-rays by adding Sodium metatungstate
         | or very toxic thallium formate/malonate to the water. You could
         | also probably replace the water with bormoform or if you don't
         | care about destroying everything, elemental bromine.
        
       | LorenDB wrote:
       | I'd be interested in seeing a show of hands - who else generally
       | dislikes webpages like this that use the scroll wheel to
       | manipulate the zoom, rotation, or displayed content of an object
       | (like a CAT scan or 3D phone model) or otherwise makes scroll
       | behave unusually (e.g. the Opera GX website has a point where
       | scrolling down makes a list of cards move sideways instead of
       | actually scrolling down)?
       | 
       | To be clear, I like the content displayed here; it's just that
       | the way they chose to move between views of the CAT scan are a
       | little annoying to me.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | It can be done badly, and is more often than not, but in this
         | case I liked it.
        
       | klausa wrote:
       | For how much love went into the imaging and description of
       | everything, the actual coffee knowledge is maddening.
       | 
       | You want your water in your Aeropress to be as close to boiling
       | as possible if using lightly roasted beans (which I'd wager is
       | most of Aeropress usage)! None of that 80-85 degree celsius
       | nonsense.
       | 
       | Similarly, their description of ceramic burrs is bizarre. Ceramic
       | burrs are not considered "better" than stainless steel ones! If
       | you look into high-end grinders sold for hundreds and thousands
       | of dollars (both commercial and "enthusiast" ones), they will all
       | have stainless steel burrs!
       | 
       | And don't get me started on their description of conical vs flat
       | burrs...
        
       | seatac76 wrote:
       | I know they say Aeropress switched to a better thermoplastic but
       | I always worry about micro plastics with mine, but it is so damn
       | easy to use though.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | Aeropress announced a glass version earlier this year. Still
         | has a rubber plunger, but no other plastics. No idea when they
         | plan on shipping it though.
        
       | fabian2k wrote:
       | Nice images. It's probably too much effort, but for the grinder
       | it would have been interesting to compare the now rather old
       | Porlex grinder with the much heavier steel burr grinders you'd
       | get recommended today. Those are very noticeably heavier and more
       | massive compared to the Porlex, could be interesting to compare.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | Those 4 items are a good coffee setup!
        
         | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
         | Nah, its all toys for lazy impatient kids. Real coffee needs
         | slow and thoughtful preparation in a cezve.
        
           | quickthrower2 wrote:
           | Them is the fighting words considering a moka pot is there!
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Maybe I'm doing it wrong, but I've never gotten anything I
             | would consider drinkable from a moka pot.
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | > _" With the powerful 1200 W heating element (the thin coil
       | wire), the kettle reaches optimal temperature very quickly -- in
       | under three minutes."_
       | 
       | Europeans (and other countries with ~230V household sockets)
       | would consider this quite poor performance for a kettle. 3000 W
       | kettles are not uncommon here in the UK!
        
         | rollcat wrote:
         | I have this kettle, and its selling points are: temperature
         | control, ergonomics, and the steady, controllable flow rate.
         | Using it is pure joy!
         | 
         | It reaches the desired temperature before I'm done preparing
         | everything else (throw the beans in the grinder, pre-heat the
         | V60, etc), so it does not matter that it can't draw 3kW.
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | The 'nature' page on there is just lovely; including Romanesco
       | broccoli and pomegranate - just lovely.
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | I liked that page too, but did a double-take when they said
         | that the skin of a pomegranate protects it from "predators".
        
       | bowmessage wrote:
       | Incredible scans!
       | 
       | > Removing used coffee immediately after brewing and storing the
       | AeroPress with the seal pushed all the way through the chamber
       | (as shown) can help minimize wear by reducing compression to
       | extend the gasket's life.
       | 
       | But, that's not what's shown. Pushing the gasket all the way
       | through isn't possible unless the filter head is removed.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | Yeah I personally store mine with the filter head on, and the
         | plunger/gasket inner cylinder separate. Also other protip
         | (which may actually be in the instructions), I pour the hot
         | water onto the gasket before pushing it into the AeroPress, so
         | the material expands and will have a tighter seal.
        
         | angst_ridden wrote:
         | Proper storage is just pulling the plunger out entirely.
         | 
         | Every few years, soaking the rubber seal in mineral oil
         | overnight then cleaning will restore flexibility (otherwise it
         | shrinks over time, reducing the quality of the seal).
         | 
         | Unrelated: using paper filters is less eco-responsible than the
         | gold foil filter, but makes for better coffee.
        
           | arp242 wrote:
           | > Unrelated: using paper filters is less eco-responsible than
           | the gold foil filter, but makes for better coffee.
           | 
           | You can use the paper filters more than once too; typically I
           | need about one or two a week (depending on which coffee and
           | how lucky I am), meaning that one EUR4 350-pack filters will
           | last for years (I just bought my first refill after 4 years,
           | but I didn't re-use the filters for the first few months
           | _and_ I gave a bunch of them to a friend when he ran out).
           | 
           | Re-use isn't necessarily more eco-friendly by the way,
           | because cleaning takes energy too and cost of production can
           | be much much higher. But realistically, the eco-impact and
           | differences are so small it's not really something to worry
           | about.
        
           | bowmessage wrote:
           | Why is pulling the plunger out entirely necessary for proper
           | storage? I always just push mine all the way through so the
           | rubber isn't under any tension.
           | 
           | Disagreed on the paper filters, I personally enjoy using a
           | metal filter to ensure the oils from the coffee beans are not
           | filtered out. I suppose it is all subjective.
        
             | joezydeco wrote:
             | When the plunger is at the end of travel and out of
             | tension, the cap won't fit on.
             | 
             | I just tried screwing on my cap and it forces the plunger
             | back into the shaft, compressing it.
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | Yeah, so you just set it down cap up, not screwed in.
               | Takes up less space than keeping the plunger separate,
               | and is just as good on the plunger.
        
             | angst_ridden wrote:
             | That works too. I call it "proper" because it removes one
             | step _before_ I have coffee, which, no matter how trivial,
             | is a big deal for me in the morning.
             | 
             | Interesting about the filter. I prefer super dark roast,
             | Italian espresso-grind coffees. The paper filters give me a
             | much smoother brew. Of course, as you say, taste is
             | entirely subjective! I'm envious, because I'd rather have
             | just one reusable filter rather than go through a stack of
             | paper discs each year.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | > Unrelated: using paper filters is less eco-responsible than
           | the gold foil filter, but makes for better coffee.
           | 
           | It's also healthier, because metal filters make for oily
           | coffee.
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | A year's supply of paper aeropress filters weighs about 1.4
           | oz. This is significantly less paper than a single Monday New
           | York Times, so if you've ever read a paper newspaper, you've
           | eco-sinned more than drinking a year of aeropress.
           | 
           | Indeed, the paper is so little that I'd be _really_ surprised
           | if the ecological impact of mining and making that metal
           | filter will _ever_ be recouped.
           | 
           | It's a little how cotton groceries bags are so resource-
           | intensive that you'd need to use them hundreds and hundreds
           | of times before they're better than daily plastic bags.
           | (Litter aside, which isn't an issue with paper filters.)
        
             | dublinben wrote:
             | >It's a little how cotton groceries bags are so resource-
             | intensive that you'd need to use them hundreds and hundreds
             | of times before they're better than daily plastic bags.
             | (Litter aside, which isn't an issue with paper filters.)
             | 
             | It doesn't seem unreasonable to use a cotton grocery bag
             | hundreds of times. That's only a few years of weekly
             | shopping trips.
             | 
             | Regardless, litter from improperly discarded plastic bags
             | was the primary motivator of their regulation. It was not
             | intended to be about resource use or carbon emissions or
             | whatever people are focused on today.
        
           | eastof wrote:
           | On the eco-responsibility bit, just curious do you actually
           | have a source that logging uses more carbon than mining?
           | 
           | I'm not sure but my gut would say the opposite since rocks
           | are heavier but idk.
        
             | bowmessage wrote:
             | Their point, I think, is that the paper filters are used
             | once then thrown away, but the metal filter is washed and
             | re-used.
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | I've never maintained or replaced the seal on mine in over
           | ten years, and it still seals just fine. It's made from
           | silicone rubber, which is extreme durability even when
           | continuously exposed to temperatures above boiling or strong
           | acids/bases. As used in the AeroPress where it's just sitting
           | at room temperature indoors for 99% of the time, durability
           | is at least 20 years.
           | 
           | I also use a metal filter, but just for the taste and
           | convenience of not having to buy paper filters.
           | 
           | The eco-responsibility argument against filters I don't get.
           | Unless you drink extreme amounts of coffee, you use
           | significantly more paper in a day just going to the bathroom.
           | I hope people aren't using metal foil for that as well.
           | <insert seashell joke here>
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | My first one had to replaced after about 6 or 7 years. The
             | plunger rubber had gotten worn down, and the internal wall
             | of the brewing compartment had become blistered from hot
             | water (I used 170-185F water). The new one with different
             | materials seems to be holding up better.
        
       | totoglazer wrote:
       | Such a cool idea, and attractive images. However I'm kind of
       | disappointed they mostly picked things that are fairly simple,
       | transparent or openable, and look exactly the way you'd expect
       | them to inside. I assume some combination of cost & size drove
       | this.
       | 
       | A vintage espresso machine with 1 group head would be more novel,
       | for example.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | And even that you essentially disassemble them and see how they
         | work through using them. I suppose a lot of people only know or
         | use one or two ways and may be completely unfamiliar with
         | others though.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | There are scans of other, more-complex objects on the site,
         | such as the Nintendo Game Boy series:
         | https://www.scanofthemonth.com/scans/game-boy-compendium
        
         | joezydeco wrote:
         | I actually enjoyed this one more, since it was used to point
         | out measured tolerances and problems with manufacturing (voids,
         | bubbles, untrimmed flash, shavings, etc).
        
         | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
         | You just reminded me there's a video on youtube of a guy
         | literally tearing a Juicero apart and it's hilarious:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cp-BGQfpHQ
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | The auto-generated captions have a scunthorpe problem;
           | censoring a British & Australian term for a cigarette that
           | has a more offensive meaning in the US.
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | Holy shit that's amazingly funny.
           | 
           | My personal highlight as he's pushing the button wildly, "oh
           | for fuck's sake. The mash harder button. Es funktioniert
           | nicht"
           | 
           | Also subtly hilarious that the machine more and more covered
           | in root juice as he goes. God that's good.
        
           | somewhat_drunk wrote:
           | Thank you for posting this. I've seen it a few times already,
           | but I'm watching it again, and it's cracking me up, yet
           | again.
        
           | switchbak wrote:
           | Probably one of AvE's best videos. I was just chatting about
           | the peak Silicon Valley insanity that was Juicero yesterday.
           | 
           | That thing was built like a Bugatti. And he's like "why not
           | use a roller instead of a press??".
        
             | mtreis86 wrote:
             | It really is, he is equally impressed and disgusted with
             | this one, a rare combination. Most impressively built stuff
             | isn't so wasteful. And most useless junk isn't nearly so
             | well made.
        
             | junon wrote:
             | I love AvE and somehow understand exactly what he's saying
             | whilst simultaneously having no idea what he's saying half
             | the time.
             | 
             | Does anyone know if this is some regional slang? Or is AvE
             | just very unique in how he speaks?
        
             | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
             | I think they were trying to turn food into a subscription
             | service? Having complete control over a person's food
             | supply sounds like an 8 million dollar idea. It still
             | sounds like a really bad idea, but I think that is how
             | Juicero was pitched to investors, rather than a spaceship
             | that squeezes bags marginally worse than a person can.
        
             | etrautmann wrote:
             | Even when first announced, it became a meme among friends
             | Juicero (and Ubeam) were peak Silicon Valley.
        
         | kens wrote:
         | Lumafield scanned a 1960s flip flop module for me, to help
         | reverse engineer some vintage NASA hardware. The module
         | contained a bunch of resistors, transistors, capacitors, and
         | diodes, encased in a 13-pin plastic package. These modules had
         | various functions and were used like integrated circuits, but
         | made from discrete components in the pre-IC time. With the
         | Lumafield scans, I could reverse-engineer the circuitry.
         | 
         | My writeup: https://www.righto.com/2022/08/lumafield-flip-
         | flop.html
        
           | minikomi wrote:
           | What an amazing project and thanks for sharing so much about
           | the process!
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | E-61! Second choice, Atomic stovetop espresso machine.
         | 
         | With clinical equipment you can image all sorts of things
         | beautifully, but a hunk of brass won't generate any useful
         | images.
        
         | jbrnh wrote:
         | Yea, can we get one of a CT scanner?
        
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