[HN Gopher] The Cynical Genius Illusion (2018)
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       The Cynical Genius Illusion (2018)
        
       Author : sebg
       Score  : 26 points
       Date   : 2023-08-31 19:45 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.sagepub.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.sagepub.com)
        
       | grug_htmx_dev wrote:
       | I'm too cynical to take seriously social studies research. Most
       | of it doesn't replicate.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
         | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | safgasCVS wrote:
       | Adjusted R^2 of 0.14. Call me a cynic
        
       | lapcat wrote:
       | (2018)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Added. Thanks!
        
       | andrewmutz wrote:
       | > Four studies showed that laypeople tend to believe in cynical
       | individuals' cognitive superiority.
       | 
       | Consistent with my experience on social media (including this
       | website): cynical perspectives always get the most upvotes
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | twic wrote:
         | _twic 's eyeball twitches as he tries to decide whether he
         | should upvote this comment or not_
        
         | yamazakiwi wrote:
         | It depends on the topic or place. Cynical views on family or
         | children are generally met with negativity for example.
        
       | 1MachineElf wrote:
       | >Cross-cultural analyses showed that competent individuals held
       | contingent attitudes and endorsed cynicism only if it was
       | warranted in a given sociocultural environment. Less competent
       | individuals embraced cynicism unconditionally, suggesting that--
       | at low levels of competence--holding a cynical worldview might
       | represent an adaptive default strategy to avoid the potential
       | costs of falling prey to others' cunning.
       | 
       | One might argue that incompetent people are cynical because,
       | without the insulation and support structures that foster
       | education, they are more attuned with the one true cynical
       | reality of the world.
       | 
       | Another might argue that incompetent people are cynical because,
       | without sufficient intellectual capacity, they are susceptible to
       | false ideas concerning the one true non-cynical reality of the
       | world.
       | 
       | The hopelessness and hopefulness of reality can be endlessly
       | debated, but ultimately, it's up to the individual to choose
       | which of these to put their faith in. I agree that that an
       | overall cynical view could be an adaptation to defend against the
       | threat of being taken advantage of. One should weigh this against
       | whether or not such a worldview truly works in your favor.
       | Amazing advances have been made in this world over the past few
       | centuries, and I can't accept the notion that these come about
       | through cynicism rather than hope for the future.
       | 
       | Holding a position that rejects human progress requires one to
       | believe that good is ultimately insignificant. Judging by the
       | increasing suicide rates of young people, this seems to be a
       | modern problem, and so perhaps the solution can be found if we
       | look towards the traditions that have unified humanity in the
       | past.
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | > incompetent people ... without the insulation and support
         | structures that foster education
         | 
         | I haven't read the study yet, but - does it make the link
         | between education and competence, or is that a cultural
         | assumption?
         | 
         | I won't deny that education increases competence in specific
         | ways. But I also think there is plenty of disparaged competence
         | even in the uneducated.
        
         | nothing2say wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Just because your paranoid, doesn't mean you are paranoid
           | enough.
           | 
           | In fact, given every credible story science suggests,
           | regarding how the universe ends, involves us or our
           | successors ending disappearing into some thermodynamic hell
           | in extremely unpleasant ways, ... oh look, ice cream!
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The success or failure (in terms of an individual's outcome) of
       | what could also be called rational actor theory seems very
       | context-dependent. Cynicism as described in this article, i.e.
       | extreme selfishness, is an understandable response to societal
       | breakdown of various kinds.
       | 
       | For example, people might resist paying taxes in the context of
       | high levels of governmental corruption, as evidenced by a
       | governmental failure to deal with widespread problems like poor
       | roads, endemic homelessness, etc. In contrast, if the government
       | used tax revenues wisely and efficiently to improve citizen's
       | quality of life, rational actors would be happy to pay a higher
       | percentage of their income as taxes, as the benefit to themselves
       | would be greater (as even if they paid no taxes, they still
       | wouldn't have the resources needed to address societal-scale
       | problems).
       | 
       | Take Prisoner's Dilemma as another case. In a stable society,
       | players develop reputations as cooperators or betrayers. Two
       | people with long-standing reputations of cooperation would be
       | much more likely to trust one another, while in an unstable
       | society without any reputational basis, the opposite would be
       | true (and damage to one's reputation wouldn't have any persistent
       | negative effect). This can be treated as Repeated Prisoner's
       | Dilemma (pdf):
       | 
       | https://www.u.arizona.edu/~mwalker/10_GameTheory/RepeatedPri...
       | 
       | Of course humans aren't rational logical actors, which is why
       | advertising often works, and those who try the hardest to achieve
       | that status don't seem to be very happy people.
        
       | DryLabRebel wrote:
       | > competent individuals held contingent attitudes and endorsed
       | cynicism only if it was warranted in a given sociocultural
       | environment.
       | 
       | The paper doesn't speculate on how many cultural environments
       | cynicism is warranted. Is it statistically signficantly different
       | from unconditionally embraced cynicism!?
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | > Cynicism refers to a negative appraisal of human nature--a
       | belief that self-interest is the ultimate motive guiding human
       | behavior.
       | 
       | This is a poor starting point, since there are also neutral and
       | positive appraisals of self-interest as the ultimate motive. That
       | includes biologists from Darwin to Dawkins and economists from
       | Smith to Hayek.                 It is not from the benevolence of
       | the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner,
       | but from their regard to their own self-interest. We address
       | ourselves not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never
       | talk to them of our own necessities, but of their advantages.
       | 
       | If you agree with Smith's famous dictum, self-interest is not by
       | itself a negative appraisal. Most moral views can be interpreted
       | as compatible with self-interest, if that is defined in a
       | sufficiently long term. Can someone who has a neutral or positive
       | appraisal of natural human self-interest in general be cynical?
       | If not, and if human nature is actually driven by self-interest,
       | then a non-negative attitude toward it is healthier.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" Less competent individuals embraced cynicism unconditionally,
       | suggesting that--at low levels of competence--holding a cynical
       | worldview might represent an adaptive default strategy to avoid
       | the potential costs of falling prey to others' cunning."_
       | 
       | That's rational behavior when the rate of incoming scams is
       | several per hour or worse. The processing load imposed by today's
       | sheer quantity of scam input is huge.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | It's really quite minimal for that exact reason. The volume of
         | scans is high enough that very optimized pattern matching for
         | them is developed by the brain. Most scams take less than 1s to
         | identify.
        
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