[HN Gopher] USENET rises again?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       USENET rises again?
        
       Author : LinuxBender
       Score  : 259 points
       Date   : 2023-08-31 13:09 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | The "fediverse" failed to learn from usenet and is doomed to
       | repeat it.
       | 
       | Usenet's downfall came from no management of resource usage or
       | abuse-management costs (both of the spam and the "that message is
       | illegal" sort).
       | 
       | Sites dealt with mounting costs by outsourcing to specialists,
       | which lost a lot of usenet's distributed advantages (e.g. local
       | copies providing for ultra low latency access, availability
       | during outages, traffic sharing when many users were using the
       | same groups, only having to appeal to your choice of local
       | authorities to carry something rather than distant ones that
       | didn't get a crap about you, etc).
       | 
       | Due to overhead costs it's cheaper for fewer providers to support
       | more users, this along with acquisitions caused the
       | centralization onto a few and then essentially one usenet
       | provider who then implemented policy (monetization schemes,
       | walled gardens, censorship) that eliminated the residual benefits
       | of usenet over alternatives. The alternatives were more flexible,
       | and had less baggage (particularly the quasi-monopoly provider),
       | and with no reason left to use usenet over them eventually they
       | took over.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I wouldn't consider Usenet a social network.
       | 
       | I never liked Usenet, but when I was a teenager I posted some
       | embarrassing, angsty, awkward messages in the alt.* space, so I
       | was glad for many reasons when it rightly died off. If it rises,
       | phoenix-like, I probably still won't use it. And if those
       | messages (which I have searched for since) are recovered, I'll
       | blame it on that one guy in Florida who has my same name.
        
         | rout39574 wrote:
         | Can you articulate the ways in which it seems not-a-social-
         | network to you?
         | 
         | Comparison with reddit might be useful.
         | 
         | The only fundamental distinction I can draw is that there's no
         | unified source of identity in usenet. All the rest of the
         | differences come down to moderation policies.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | I consider something a social network when it is designed to
           | create and make use of a graph of relationships between
           | people. This is distinct from social _media_ , though we use
           | the two interchangeably a lot of the time. The "network" part
           | is about the graph of relationships, the "social" part is
           | about people (and not servers, as I suppose is the case with
           | Usenet).
           | 
           | I'm not sure about Reddit, I don't use it often, but if you
           | can only follow forums and not people, I would not call it a
           | social network either.
        
             | rout39574 wrote:
             | I agree:
             | 
             | > designed to create and make use of a graph of
             | relationships between people.
             | 
             | I assert that a universe of people maintaining killfiles is
             | exactly this. It is the default-trust map of social
             | network, in which one imagines that the exceptional cases
             | are those whom one wishes to shun.
             | 
             | I think a requirement that one be able to "follow a
             | person", that is to say watch all the things that
             | individual says, is excessive. We're getting down into the
             | weeds here, but I think following topics and threads are
             | much more useful than following humans.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | "Social media" _to me_ refers only to services owned and
             | controlled by a corporation (or maybe a non-profit
             | organization similar to how the Guardian newpaper is owned
             | by a non-profit) and targeted at average consumers, not
             | just techies. Although there have been corporations (e.g.,
             | ISPs, Clarinet, Deja News) involved with Usenet, no one
             | (corporation, organization, person) has ever owned or
             | controlled Usenet.  "The Big-8 board is the closest thing
             | it has to a central governing authority," says the OP, but
             | it has only a tiny fraction of the level of control over
             | Usenet that, e.g., Reddit, Inc, has over Reddit.
             | 
             | Before the rise of the web, Usenet definitely was the front
             | page of the internet, though--to a greater degree than
             | Reddit ever was.
             | 
             | Part of the nostalgia for Usenet I think is nostalgia for a
             | time when corporations had very little influence on the
             | internet. Although most of the people running Usenet (and
             | maintaining Usenet software) in the 1980s and early 1990s
             | were involved with software and the Internet as part of
             | their job, running Usenet was not part of their job
             | description.
             | 
             | IRC and the first massively-multiplayer online games (which
             | were text-only and called MUDs) were the same way.
             | 
             | Till the early 1990s the US government paid most of the
             | bills for running the internet, but used its influence very
             | sparingly: there was a rule against commercial activity
             | (which I think was motivated by appeasing commercial
             | interests worried that the internet would compete with
             | their services) and there were attempts made to make it
             | less likely that the internet would get criticized by
             | Congresspersons and journalists as an expensive waste of
             | money: e.g., Jerry Pournelle's getting kicked off MIT's
             | terminal servers circa 1985 out of fear that he would be
             | careless in how he would write about the internet. And that
             | is the extent of the rules imposed by the US gov that I
             | know about.
        
               | rout39574 wrote:
               | Why do you find central corporate control to be a
               | defining feature? I am drawn much more to the technical
               | features of the system.
               | 
               | I think of IRC, Mastadon, and Jabber as social networks;
               | If you rule out Jabber it seems to me you must also rule
               | out AIM.
               | 
               | Perhaps we're fumbling for a new vocabulary term, and
               | "Social network" is too vague to be effective.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | >Perhaps . . . "Social network" is too vague to be
               | effective.
               | 
               | I was talking about the term "social media".
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | I think early on, there was no front page of the
               | internet. It would have been your university's telnet or
               | gopher server or something. But really there wasn't one.
               | I don't think it was Usenet, certainly. With the early
               | web, Yahoo might have been the closest thing. I don't
               | think there could be anything like centralization or
               | aggregation (I mean: a single place people went to by
               | default) until the browser became ubiquitous, which in my
               | personal history marks the end of the beginning, or the
               | beginning of the middle phase of the internet. I agree
               | that many people spent a lot of time on Usenet, but I
               | think many more people couldn't be bothered.
               | 
               | I learned basic scripting by writing rooms and content
               | for MUDs, I love them and sometimes wistfully think about
               | starting one up.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | Moderation policies matter a lot. The tech behind Usenet
           | makes moderation much more costly than it is on anything
           | commonly called a social network (and the people running
           | Usenet are opposed to moderation of anything other than
           | outright spam or so that's how it always was when I stopped
           | paying attention about 15 years ago).
        
             | rout39574 wrote:
             | I agree that moderation policies are important. But I think
             | it's missing a point to decide that "A social network with
             | bad moderation policies" is therefore not a social network.
             | 
             | Easy comparison: Mastadon has distributed identity, and
             | localized management of moderation. Is this sufficient that
             | we should deem it "not a social network"? I think not.
             | 
             | I think there was no real consensus in USENET towards the
             | appropriate degree of moderation, rather several standing
             | waves of opinion. All the species of technically simple
             | moderation patterns were present there: A species of
             | subscriber, or every message approved (basically only a
             | radically small set of approved posters) and so on. Since
             | some of the newsgroups are functionally archives of mailing
             | lists, there's a whole additional universe of moderation
             | techniques applied "upstream".
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | >All the species of technically simple moderation
               | patterns were present there
               | 
               | I consider voting (allowing readers to upvote and
               | downvote, which is extremely quick and easy compared to
               | writing a comment) an important technically simple
               | moderation pattern, and I'd be very surprised to learn
               | the voting on Usenet articles was ever possible.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | >Mastadon has distributed identity, and localized
               | management of moderation. Is this sufficient that we
               | should deem it "not a social network"? I think not.
               | 
               | Good point. Something created for the explicit purpose of
               | competing with (in the sense of taking users away from) a
               | social network should be called a social network.
        
       | PreInternet01 wrote:
       | Usenet is and remains, if not entirely dead, at best a zombie.
       | Killed by spammers first, AOL second and the people that would
       | subsequently ruin BitTorrent, like, forever.
       | 
       | Technology choices inspired by nostalgia are not _always_ the
       | best bet, but if you 're going all the way, I suggest a return to
       | FidoNet Echomail.
       | 
       | http://ftsc.org/docs/fts-0004.001 should get you started, and I'm
       | sure you'll figure out a way to make node assignments
       | decentralized.
       | 
       | 2:285/11.2 signing off. But I still have some bad C code
       | implementing an Echomail processor, if you need it...
        
         | thenose wrote:
         | Would you mind expanding on what you meant about BitTorrent? It
         | seems like it's one of the few decentralized technologies that
         | hasn't been ruined.
        
           | PreInternet01 wrote:
           | Is this a good-faith question, or are you truly not aware of
           | the extreme scale of the copyright infringement that
           | BitTorrent is used for? (And by that, I mean, that any
           | BitTorrent use is automatically associated with excessive
           | bandwidth usage and incoming legal threats, unlike, say, a
           | usable P2P technology)
        
             | thenose wrote:
             | The fact that copyright infringement works in spite of
             | attempts to kill it seems to be proof that BitTorrent is
             | well-designed, rather than evidence it's broken. What else
             | would it be associated with? People do use it to distribute
             | large datasets, but even those have fallen into the
             | infringement category.
             | 
             | And of course; good faith is all that we have here.
        
               | PreInternet01 wrote:
               | Ah, OK, you're one of _those_ people.
               | 
               | So, to rephrase things: because of _you_ , Usenet is
               | dead. And BitTorrent is dead. And any future technology
               | anything like it will be dead-on-arrival, because _you_
               | simply don 't grok how the world works.
               | 
               | And I'm _very_ well aware that  "the way the world works"
               | is in direct conflict with "the way you think the world
               | _should_ be working ", but that's the exact issue here.
               | 
               | You are Eternal September, personified. Good luck with
               | that!
        
               | thenose wrote:
               | If you'd care to point out exactly what you mean, I might
               | avoid those traits. But as it stands I have no idea what
               | you're talking about, though I'm familiar with Eternal
               | September.
               | 
               | My question was, how did you envision BitTorrent working?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Whatever your feelings are about copyright infringement,
               | the fact is that it killed Usenet, by making it
               | intractable for independents to run full-feed Usenet
               | servers (it was simply too expensive, and the work to
               | keep up with the binaries drastically reduced the quality
               | of service for the text posts). The result was a system
               | that really _only_ served copyright infringement, because
               | those were the users anyone seriously investing in Usenet
               | infrastructure were serving.
        
       | jszymborski wrote:
       | So I just hopped on Usenet via eternal-september for the first
       | time and checked some of the can.* boards to check in with my
       | fellow countrymen.
       | 
       | Wow, it's like I'm reading a collection of everyone's spam folder
       | with some flares of racism for good measure.
       | 
       | Is there _any_ moderation on Usenet? How do I get it?
       | 
       | For now I think I'll stick to Mastodon (Canadians, join
       | cosocial.ca co-op!)
        
         | spc476 wrote:
         | Yes, there are moderated groups. I even know of a moderated
         | group without a moderator (alt.hackers) which is the point.
        
       | StevePerkins wrote:
       | Am I missing the "rises again like a Phoenix" part? This article
       | is just a brief description of what Usenet is, for people under
       | 45 years of age. There's nothing in here about Usenet usage being
       | on the rise, or anything like that.
       | 
       | This article talks about Google Groups in the present tense, even
       | though its Usenet hosting permanently ceased around 8 years ago.
        
         | fweimer wrote:
         | Some parts of Google's bi-directional gateway are still up.
         | These look current relative to the NNTP Usenet:
         | 
         | https://groups.google.com/g/de.soc.recht.steuern+buchfuehrun...
         | https://groups.google.com/g/de.soc.recht.misc
         | 
         | (The second group even has some recent spam in it, which is
         | rare nowadays.)
        
         | 0xJRS wrote:
         | > "and now that there's an active board again, it has been
         | busy."
        
         | troymc wrote:
         | The Big-8 Board was re-established, or if you like, it rose
         | from the ashes like a Phoenix. (The Phoenix story is about one
         | bird coming back to life; there's nothing about an increase in
         | the size of some group.)
        
           | SkyMarshal wrote:
           | Where is that hosted?
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | The board is active again and new newsgroups have been created
         | for the first time in years (decades?).
         | 
         | That's the rising again part.
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | I don't have any affiliation with any provider but I contribute
       | or maintain most of the Usenet clients for Gentoo. As others have
       | stated the majority of Usenet subscribers now use it for binary
       | groups, not text groups. I use it for both. Rather than talk
       | about whether it should or shouldn't come back I'm just going to
       | give a starting point to view text groups. There's enough
       | information on handling binary groups. (/r/usenet is probably a
       | good starting point for info, SABnzbd is the binary client you'd
       | probably want)
       | 
       | To get access: If you're looking to get into it and browse
       | around, it's unlikely that your ISP provides free NNTP server
       | access. Mine did when I first got into it in the mid-2000's but
       | they don't anymore. https://news.gmane.io/ provides a free NNTP
       | interface to just mailing lists if you're looking to test clients
       | without paying money. If you want cheap access to all of it from
       | a provider that has fully working headers, $2 will get you a 2GB
       | non-expiring account at https://usenet-
       | news.net/index1.php?url=home that should last a very long time
       | for text groups.
       | 
       | As for clients, on mobile there's nothing available for android
       | last I've checked. On iOS there's NewsTap, it's not the best app
       | but it works. Main complaints I have is it fetches using single
       | connection so it's slow to update large newsgroups and it doesn't
       | appear to have a normal killfile support so you can't filter very
       | well. This is honestly the main client I use for the few groups I
       | subscribe to since it's convenient.
       | 
       | Thunderbird I'm told some people like. I can't recommend it at
       | all, it has non-working TLS support for NNTP which seems like a
       | joke but I assure you it is not. Going on 16+ years of ignoring
       | RFC4642: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=420262 The
       | only way to workaround it beside using unencrypted NNTP servers
       | is to run a local TLS proxy on your system or just use
       | unencrypted NNTP connections.
       | 
       | Pan is an ok GUI alternative on Linux, it had fallen into severe
       | coderot and at least Gentoo had dropped it but is actively
       | maintained again: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/pan My main
       | complaint is it crashes from time to time. But it has working TLS
       | so there's that. I've picked up maintaining it in the GURU repo
       | as I don't feel it's stable enough to re-add to the main package
       | repo yet.
       | 
       | Tin is probably the best CLI client. If you can get it started
       | and connected to your provider it just works without fuss. Main
       | gripe is the startup flags and having to manually write config
       | file, it pretty much requires reading manpage. By default it'll
       | connect to gmane though so you can mess around with that.
       | 
       | On Windows I've only really used Newsleecher briefly. It has a
       | neat feature of having its own header index. This was useful
       | because my main Usenet provider switched upstream providers and
       | broke headers for most of my text groups. I could fetch articles
       | from the server but without working headers I wouldn't know the
       | articles were there in the first place. This is a side effect of
       | most providers focusing on binary subscribers.
       | 
       | Spam is still an issue but it's less an issue than what it was.
       | Most is easy to filter and there's only a few major spammers
       | (like the dude ranting in allcaps Italian about politicians). The
       | main 'spam' is clueless Google Groups users responding to 25 year
       | old dead threads that it is unlikely your Usenet provider still
       | carries. The biggest hurdle a new user will have is finding
       | active groups. Some I'm in only get a few posts per year but are
       | technically active (like the Thinkpad related ones). There's a
       | few that get tons of posts daily.
        
       | cowmix wrote:
       | Usenet is why I stared my ISP in '93. I loved it -- but as many
       | people have commented here, the spam got pretty nutty for while.
       | In fact, THIS happened on my watch.
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/1999/04/the-spam-that-started-it-all/
        
       | squarefoot wrote:
       | I still am on USENET since the 90s. Although I love it for its
       | simplicity, its protocol was conceived when the Internet was
       | almost exclusively populated by educated people. As a result, it
       | has no antibodies against trolls and spammers and can be
       | exploited very easily. I believe we'd have no other choice than
       | to extend the NNTP protocol with some form of protection against
       | that, otherwise as soon as a group attracts a number of people,
       | it will immediately be targeted by spammers, scammers and trolls.
        
       | v7p1Qbt1im wrote:
       | For some of us usenet never died. Use cases might have changed
       | though. Iykyk.
        
       | pyrophane wrote:
       | The news here is that a board oversees the "big 8" Usenet
       | hierarchies has been re-established and is actively
       | adding/removing groups.
       | 
       | "Rises like a phoenix" is a bit hyperbolic.
        
         | dpe82 wrote:
         | > "Rises like a phoenix" is a bit hyperbolic.
         | 
         | If it weren't hyperbolic and a tad over the top, it wouldn't be
         | The Register.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | A good read, but I'm pretty sure that there was usenet spam
         | before then.
         | 
         | I was looking through my archives of old text files a decade
         | ago, and noticed that, to my horror, in 1982, I had spammed
         | Punternet for water filters I was trying to sell as a teenager.
         | Punternet was like Fidonet, but for C64 Punter BBS systems.
         | 
         | And I'm sure someone spammed before me.
         | 
         | Amusingly, I received a reply from someone on Texas, which blew
         | my mind in 82, in Canada.
        
       | wackget wrote:
       | As a programmer of over 30 years I still have never used Usenet
       | and the reason is the barrier to entry. There is way too much
       | friction.
       | 
       | You need a paid (!) subscription to a provider, potentially a
       | subscription to an indexer, plus client software. All of this to
       | access what is essentially a pure text forum.
       | 
       | Frankly I am not interested in jumping through hoops to access
       | something which an "average person" would have no hope in hell of
       | figuring out. Maybe that's part of the attraction, that only
       | dedicated geeks will use it?
        
         | pmarreck wrote:
         | As a 51 year old programmer, you really missed out on some cool
         | discussion back in the day. But yes, honestly, I haven't done
         | anything Usenet in years save for the occasional Google result
         | that lands on a Google Groups URL.
         | 
         | Honestly it might be worth resurrecting the protocol to run
         | your own Usenet web UI just for weekend funsies.
        
         | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
         | Back In The Day, the barrier to entry was low. Most Unix boxes
         | had the "rn" or "trn" newsreaders installed, and VMS also had
         | one (though I don't recall its name). It was as easy to get
         | into as email.
        
         | 876978095789789 wrote:
         | > As a programmer of over 30 years I still have never used
         | Usenet and the reason is the barrier to entry. There is way too
         | much friction.
         | 
         | Really? I'm old enough to remember when Google bought Deja, and
         | with it suddenly came the ability to search the entire Usenet
         | archive going back to its inception, through the Google Groups
         | interface. Being able to search the archives of
         | comp.lang.whatever was a great educational and productivity
         | booster, like Stackoverflow before SO.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _You need a paid (!) subscription to a provider, potentially a
         | subscription to an indexer, plus client software._
         | 
         | When Usenet was big, you didn't need a paid subscription.
         | Almost every ISP included it for free.
         | 
         | I never heard of an indexer.
         | 
         | Client software came with your operating system, or it was
         | built in to your e-mail client, or you could download for free.
         | 
         | As for today -- yes, how awful that you might have to pay for
         | something. Completely terrible. It might even be half the price
         | of a cup of coffee. Completely unacceptable to have to give
         | someone money for something of value. Terrible.
         | 
         | Much better to lock oneself inside the mink-lined, free,
         | censored, AI-curated cages of the big data corps. Not thinking
         | is always so much easier and more comfortable than thinking.
        
         | jjkaczor wrote:
         | Having been in the IT industry since 1992 - I did use a free
         | Usenet server, probably provided by my ISP.
         | 
         | Used the "comp.*" heirarchy mostly, discussing technical topics
         | and answering questions - in 1996, a publisher (Wiley!) sent me
         | a box of books - apparently I had helped one of their authors
         | and they wanted to thank me.
         | 
         | On-one-hand, I would like to try it again - OTOH, I think spam
         | and/or bots would overwhelm it to the point of uselessness.
        
         | StevePerkins wrote:
         | The article links to a free Usenet provider. I'm sure there are
         | others also.
         | 
         | The purpose for a PAID Usenet provider is for hosting binaries
         | (i.e. piracy). You're paying someone for the bandwidth, and
         | ignore or deal with the DMCA takedown notices. There is little
         | to no reason to have a paid Usenet account just to read or post
         | on pure text forums, and NOT download porn or other pirated
         | content.
         | 
         | That was really one of the two things that killed Usenet in the
         | 2000's. One was the rise of phpBB forums, and then Reddit. The
         | other was the seediness of the Usenet binaries scene. As the
         | "legit" users migrated to web-based forums, the pirates made up
         | a larger and larger portion of those staying behind, and
         | eventually the network effort flowed in reverse until critical
         | mass was lost.
         | 
         | I deeply miss that old Usenet culture of the 1990's. In
         | comparison to HN and _especially_ Reddit, Usenet was far less
         | reverent, frumpy, and up-its-own-ass politically and socially.
         | At the same time, it 's impossible to try to recreate that on a
         | forum today, without it breaking down into nothing but alt-
         | right hate speech. The 1990's was a fun and quirky little
         | period of Internet sanity, made possible only by how small and
         | outside the mainstream the Internet still was.
        
           | devbent wrote:
           | The internet used to have a barrier to entry. That barrier is
           | what helped ensure quality.
           | 
           | If the only people who can join are those who are passionate
           | enough to read a lot of documentation and jump through a lot
           | of hoops, yeah, the quality of discourse will be better.
           | 
           | Heck even /. Had better trolls in the day than what reddit
           | has now.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Binaries also forced the centralization of Usenet, so that
           | regional ISPs had no incentive to do anything but outsource
           | it. It was unbelievably annoying to host a full-feed Usenet
           | server in the late 1990s, and if you hosted anything less
           | than one, people would arrange boycotts; better not to host
           | Usenet at all.
           | 
           | Reddit is, I think, a better version of Usenet culture than
           | the original.
        
             | queuebert wrote:
             | > Reddit is, I think, a better version of Usenet culture
             | than the original.
             | 
             | Reddit is slow, censored, and for-profit. How could that
             | possibly be better than what we used to have? You still get
             | spam, bots, and flame wars, but you also have a needless
             | popularity contest with votes and mods.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Usenet was also censored. Like Reddit, much of it was a
               | free-for-all, but not all of it.
               | 
               | But also: message boards don't exist on a simple spectrum
               | of "free" to "censored". There are lots of other
               | considerations. I gave one downthread to someone who
               | suggested newsreaders had a better UX than Reddit: that's
               | taking for granted really basic things, like search, that
               | were space alien tech on Usenet.
               | 
               | Another thing people who never used Usenet but idealize
               | it are missing as a feature is "all the messages showing
               | up for everybody", which is not nearly as straightforward
               | a feature as Reddit and HN make it seem. This is
               | something Mastodon users are discovering right now, and
               | however annoying it is to run a single-user Mastodon
               | server and deal with message threading, it was 10x worse
               | on Usenet.
        
               | PreInternet01 wrote:
               | Usenet was definitely slow (very, _very_ slow, even), in
               | the sense that posts made in the US might take up to 18
               | hours (or whenever dial-up got  "cheap") to show up in
               | the rest of the world, or vice versa. Even posts between
               | locally-adjacent sites might take a few hours to
               | propagate. This may, incidentally, help to explain why
               | discourse on Usenet was generally considered to be
               | superior to that, say, on Twitter. But YMMV.
               | 
               | Also, Usenet was _very_ much censored, in the sense that
               | most sites would not even _think_ about carrying most
               | groups. In particular, alt.* and *.binaries.* would be
               | unavailable pretty much anywhere that had  "cost of
               | bandwidth" or "reputation" concerns.
               | 
               | And if you repeatedly posted abusive content to any
               | Usenet group, you can _bet_ that your account and /or
               | entire site would be "cancelled" from the network pretty
               | quickly by the infamous "Usenet cabal" (see
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbone_cabal). Not to
               | mention that Usenet was the entire origin for the concept
               | of the "killfile".
               | 
               | Finally, the most popular Usenet hubs (say, UUnet) were
               | _very_ much for-profit...
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > (or whenever dial-up got "cheap")
               | 
               | Right, but that was not due to nntp, it was due to the
               | bandwidth economics of the times. I ran a small site that
               | only connected once a day when the phone call was
               | cheaper. But if you have a permanent connection largely
               | unconstrained on bandwidth, it'll be faster.
               | 
               | > This may, incidentally, help to explain why discourse
               | on Usenet was generally considered to be superior to
               | that, say, on Twitter.
               | 
               | But yes, that as well. When a response takes at least 2
               | days, there is an incentive to write well and thoroughly.
               | The instant response chat-type forums of today encourage
               | meaningless ping-pong responses.
               | 
               | > Also, Usenet was very much censored, in the sense that
               | most sites would not even think about carrying most
               | groups
               | 
               | This is a very fundamental difference between a
               | distributed ecosystem like usenet and a centralized
               | walled garden. A specific usenet site, as you say, might
               | choose to not carry certain newsgroups. That is local
               | control, not usenet censorship. Usenet as a whole still
               | distributes it. If you want access you can just switch to
               | a different usenet provider. You can also run your own
               | provider! That's what makes it so wonderful. You are in
               | control, not some single central site. There _is no_
               | central site.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | When Australia joined Usenet in 1983, connections were
               | via airmailed data tapes, updated weekly:
               | 
               | <http://article.olduse.net/467@sdchema.UUCP>
               | 
               | This would mean that part of the bang path for Bob
               | Kummerfeld's email address was in fact a 747:
               | "!sdchema!sydney!bob"
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | > The purpose for a PAID Usenet provider is for hosting
           | binaries (i.e. piracy). You're paying someone for the
           | bandwidth, and ignore or deal with the DMCA takedown notices.
           | There is little to no reason to have a paid Usenet account
           | just to read or post on pure text forums, and NOT download
           | porn or other pirated content.
           | 
           | This may reflect the state today, but back in the late 90's
           | and early 00's, it was not. Even for the pure text forums,
           | you had to pay someone. In the earlier days it was included
           | in the ISP package, so you wouldn't see the costs. Or via
           | your university. But I distinctly remember when my university
           | dropped USENET lots of people complained because they
           | couldn't get free access elsewhere.
           | 
           | For me: I used BBS's before I used USENET. BBS groups
           | ("conferences") were much more civil, and had much better
           | discourse. The moderation was very effective. When I moved to
           | USENET, it was quite chaotic by comparison. And then with the
           | onset of spam, I went elsewhere.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > But I distinctly remember when my university dropped
             | USENET lots of people complained because they couldn't get
             | free access elsewhere.
             | 
             | Unless they dropped it _really_ early, there was
             | dejanews/google groups, surely?
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Was dejanews free? And could you access it with a proper
               | news reader?
               | 
               | Google Groups's interface sucks by comparison.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | You could post to it for free, but it was extremely
               | clunky.
        
             | zikduruqe wrote:
             | If you want to live those good old BBS days again -
             | https://www.telnet.org/htm/places.htm
             | 
             | I played a few games of Tradewars on one of these a while
             | ago. It sure brought back the days of being a sysop of my
             | local BBS growing up.
        
               | nunobrito wrote:
               | telnet cavebbs.homeip.net
               | 
               | Everyone is playing LORD (Legend Of the Red Dragon)
               | there.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Life was good when Unison was still being maintained
         | 
         | https://blog.panic.com/unison-2/ https://panic.com/blog/the-
         | future-of-unison/
         | 
         | https://www.astraweb.com is the best provider I know
        
         | rnk wrote:
         | The article notes you can get a free read/write subscription at
         | https://www.eternal-september.org/.
        
         | troymc wrote:
         | The "high" barrier to entry _does_ act as a filter today, but I
         | should add that in the 1990s, it was considered relatively
         | easy, not so different from using email; it 's only with the
         | existence of modern social networks that the access steps seem
         | relatively difficult.
         | 
         | P.S. For many Usenet groups, you don't need to pay anything to
         | get access.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | It's still as easy as setting up email. You have a username,
           | a password, and a hostname for the server. Then you're off to
           | the races.
        
         | jtode wrote:
         | I haven't looked in a long time, but the last time I did look,
         | there were any number of places you could connect to gratis,
         | but which do not carry binaries groups. A non-binary usenet
         | server is lightweight enough to run on the 80s Internet so the
         | costs of operation without all that storage and retention is
         | pretty minimal.
        
         | pmontra wrote:
         | I remember that setting up a server was not too much of a big
         | deal in the late 80s /early 90s. We did it for our university.
         | I can't remember how we federated (the word was different back
         | then). We definitely didn't have to pay anything to the server
         | (or servers?) we were getting news from and sending our
         | messages to.
         | 
         | Anyway, this is probably an even higher hoop to jump through.
        
         | jjav wrote:
         | > As a programmer of over 30 years...
         | 
         | > You need a paid (!) subscription
         | 
         | 30 years ago (and I'd say even 20 years ago) every ISP had
         | their own usenet feed just like they had their own email
         | server. It's only fairly recently this has become a bit of a
         | barrier (although as many have noted in this discussion, free
         | ones exist so not much of a barrier). My ISP discontinued their
         | usenet server in 2016, fairly recently.
         | 
         | Installing a client is one package-install command away, not
         | exactly a barrier.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | The article pointed out that Eternal September offers free
         | subscriptions.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what an "indexer" is, such that you'd need to
         | subscribe to it; is that some kind of online service like Deja
         | News? I used to just download everything that appeared on the
         | handful of groups that interested me, and store it locally.
         | Then I could do local searches.
         | 
         | That "store locally" capability wasn't some bag of bash scripts
         | I cobbled together; I thought all newsreaders could do that
         | natively.
        
         | glonq wrote:
         | ~30 years ago, the barrier to entry was minimal. There were
         | many free news servers out there, and it was common for your
         | ISP to offer one. Good client software was easy to find
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%C3%A9_Agent)
         | 
         | And yeah, the best part about usenet was that there were fewer
         | "average people" on there. The Internet was great before AoL
         | connected everybody else to it ;)
        
         | tigereyeTO wrote:
         | Sounds like you're misinformed.
         | 
         | Text-only newsgroup servers are free. You only need to use/pay
         | for indexers if you're scouring many groups for specific
         | keywords.
         | 
         | If you're subscribing to specific text groups you don't need to
         | search an index for the whole net. You can just scroll to the
         | top and read what you missed since last session
         | 
         | The barrier of entry is learning how to use a piece of software
         | like Thunderbird. It's no larger than email. If you figured
         | that one out, you can figure out newsgroups too.
         | 
         | I remember when everyone was deriding "the internet" and
         | "email" as being too cumbersome for an "average person" to
         | figure out, having too many "hoops" to jump through to use it.
         | 
         | Thanks for the nostalgia, wackget
        
         | scelerat wrote:
         | > There is way too much friction
         | 
         | A lot of the early ISPs, 1993-early 2000s, had free nntp/usenet
         | services. The "friction" of using usenet was not any greater
         | that the friction of launching an email client, an ftp or
         | gopher session, or launching Mosaic.
         | 
         | At the time there were many easy-to-use featureful nntp clients
         | across most computing platforms. I remember liking MT-
         | Newswatcher quite a bit as well as Nuntius. The UI of
         | Newswatcher was not too different from an email client or
         | perhaps directory browser.
         | 
         | Screenshots from MT-Newswatcher
         | https://smfr.org/mtnw/screenshots.html
        
           | evilbob93 wrote:
           | It's arguable that today the "friction" might be a feature.
        
         | jdofaz wrote:
         | In the olden times your ISP usually included it like they did
         | with email, the instructions for my old isp still exists though
         | I doubt the news server does
         | 
         | http://www.uswest.net/help/newsgroups.html
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | A paid subscription is not required for the _pure text_ aspect
         | of Usenet. [1] It is required however to make use of the binary
         | groups which makes sense as those servers use a tremendous
         | amount of bandwidth even by today 's standards.
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.eternal-september.org/
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | As someone who's spent many thousands of hours on Usenet (in
         | the 1990s), my advice is not to waste your time.
        
       | dmckeon wrote:
       | Simple moderation of a newsgroup on Usenet approximated running a
       | mail list: known users (like list subscribers) could post
       | anything to the newsgroup, while messages from unknown users
       | would be diverted into something like a mail spool, and, if
       | approved by a moderator, would be posted to the newsgroup. A
       | moderator could add or remove users (email addresses) from the
       | known users list. Complaints about known user posting behavior
       | could be directed to a moderator, who might or might not take
       | action. Multiple moderators are possible, see the "STUMP"
       | software mentioned in the Reg article.
       | 
       | Attempts to "retro-moderate" previously posted messages by using
       | the NNTP cancel mechanism were only widely effective in the very
       | early 1980s, and rapidly became problematic due to disagreements,
       | forgery, and vandalism.
       | 
       | source: Hosted a moderated newsgroups FAQ for decades, helped
       | convert news.newusers.questions to a moderated group - which may
       | have been a case of "we had to destroy the village to save it"
       | :-(
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | MagaMuffin wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | sargun wrote:
       | I never really understood how usenet works. There are usenet
       | servers, and you post to usenet via these, right? Given there are
       | O(100s) of servers (at least), I assume that the protocol between
       | these servers is not full mesh, and there's some kind of small
       | set of servers that participate in a mesh, and then followers
       | that synchronize from them.
       | 
       | How does this synchronization protocol work? How does one join
       | the mesh? I've read the wikipedia article, and it kinda talks to
       | the topology and such, but not in great detail.
        
         | floren wrote:
         | These days, you join the Usenet by posting in news.peering and
         | saying "I want to peer with somebody", or just emailing the
         | Eternal September folks: http://www.eternal-
         | september.org/index.php?showpage=peering
         | 
         | You configure both configure your servers to exchange messages
         | and then... they exchange messages :)
         | 
         | It's good practice to have a couple peers, in case one goes
         | offline or doesn't carry the groups you're interested in -- or
         | filters things you might want. I run NoCeM on-spool and have
         | stricter-than-normal CleanFeed rules, which translated from
         | Usenet admin speak means my server drops a lot of spam and
         | garbage posts, and if you want those you'll have to get them
         | from another peer.
        
         | ogurechny wrote:
         | There is no "synchronization" because there is no defined state
         | for servers to reach. Protocol simply allows to exchange
         | messages in formatted text files between two nodes. What
         | happens to them next is not defined (and may vary greatly).
         | 
         | A server might decide to exchange messages in groups A, B, C...
         | with peers X, Y, Z. Choice of peers depends on their capacity,
         | working hours, geographic location, network position, personal
         | connections, access to dedicated lines... Choice of groups
         | depends on popularity, space requirements, personal
         | preferences, user requests... Some of them allow messages to
         | spread step-by-step to all or almost all of the network, those
         | are global groups. Some of them are only shared by a couple of
         | servers or exist on a single server, those are local. Nothing
         | prevents you from making a "boobble.shmoobble.goobble" group
         | and stating that it's the central most important point of all
         | Usenet. You only need to make all the rest believe it. Then
         | there are additional complexities and tools to deal with batch
         | transfers, figuring out which messages have not yet been seen
         | by a peer since the previous interchange (you don't want X to
         | send lots of updates to Z, then Y to take the same long time
         | sending mostly the same updates to Z), choice of best next hop
         | (routing, manual load balancing), and so on.
         | 
         | Of course, when synchronization is needed -- say, for group
         | moderator to be able to delete spam message from many servers
         | holding that group instead of each admin doing that on each
         | server independently, and to prevent reintroduction and further
         | spread of the message, -- it results in hairy ball of hacks on
         | top of original architecture, and ad-hoc external trust
         | channels, like with signatures. Understandably, Usenet appeared
         | in a hierarchical and controlled professional environment
         | (users were bound by formal and informal rules), then it was
         | re-purposed for free for all operation.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | It's a manually configured topology. An ordinary server would
         | get a feed from somewhere else (probably their upstream ISP). A
         | transit server would take dozens of feeds. The operation of
         | each of those links is the same, though: `IHAVE <articleid>`
         | and `SENDME <articleid>`.
        
         | csixty4 wrote:
         | NNTP descends from UUCP, the Unix to Unix Copy Protocol. Used
         | to be that some businesses and universities configured their
         | Unix machines to call other machines on their modems overnight
         | (the rates were cheaper) and synchronize files. Think of it
         | like a very slow, ancient version of rsync. You would post on
         | your school's Usenet server, which would then sync with one or
         | more servers overnight. And eventually (hopefully) your message
         | would spread across the whole network. This could take days.
         | 
         | Some of the big timesharing services (think Telenet and Tymnet,
         | eventually even AOL) out there ran their own servers, which a
         | lot of smaller services dialed into.
         | 
         | How do you join the mesh? You met someone at Usenix or a
         | similar conference and said "I'm sitting on a whopping 800mb of
         | storage and a T1 line at my university. I'm tired of waiting a
         | week to get the new comp.lang.c hotness. Think I could hook up
         | to your machine for Usenet?" and they'd be like "Cool! Yeah,
         | here's the dialup number. Try to call after 11pm so my boss
         | doesn't know about it."
         | 
         | NNTP took this concept of syncing files and made it Internet
         | native and specific to Usenet. But the architecture remained
         | largely the same.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > Used to be that some businesses and universities configured
           | their Unix machines to call other machines on their modems
           | overnight
           | 
           | I used to work in London, for Olivetti, which was partnered
           | with AT&T. Olivetti's office was in Finsbury, just north of
           | The City. AT&T were south of the river, near Vauxhall. I
           | believe our Usenet feed (and our internet email) was
           | couriered-over from Vauxhall on mag tape.
           | 
           | In those days, most ordinary businesses didn't have fixed-
           | line internet access, and maintaining a Usenet feed over
           | dial-up was expensive, even text-only.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | I miss Usenet a lot, but the current state of play for
       | "newsgroups" (sites like this, and Reddit) is way, way better
       | than Usenet was. It's hard to see a real reason to bring it back.
        
         | vouaobrasil wrote:
         | I agree, the alternatives are mostly better...except for the
         | interface. I'm not saying that Usenet was great, but damn
         | Reddit is such an ugly site. I actually can't bear to look at
         | it. Hackernews is pretty nicely designed though.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | Every web-based message board has a better interface than the
           | Usenet newsreaders did, if only because web message boards
           | have more affordances for features than newsreaders do.
        
             | rout39574 wrote:
             | I disagree. I've never yet seen a forum environment which
             | was more usable than GNUS was for me 20-mumble years ago.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I think you're taking for granted things like forum
               | archive search that are table stakes now, but were space
               | alien technology during Peak Usenet.
        
               | h2odragon wrote:
               | we just ran `grep` on the news spool directories
               | 
               | Usenet with full access to a big server was fun. With
               | just NNTP access, it was diminished. 3 to 6 hops out in
               | UUCP/WWIV/FIDOnet land it was a different animal. Still
               | of use but high friction.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I assume you were taking something less than full feeds,
               | because on a full feed reader server, just keeping up
               | with the inode demands for all the messages was a
               | challenge; grepping would have taken for-fucking-ever.
        
               | h2odragon wrote:
               | remember to use `nice` :)
               | 
               | it wouldn't be polite to scan the whole spool, just the
               | groups that might bear results.
               | 
               | kibo was an anomaly
               | 
               | i had a shell on a big server for a while; i fed the
               | hinterlands with selective feeds.
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | Agree, except with Pine (now Alpine) as the aggregator.
               | Very high signal-to-noise ratio.
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | > Every web-based message board has a better interface than
             | the Usenet newsreaders did
             | 
             | This is a fascinatingly different opinion I can't wrap my
             | head around.
             | 
             | To me it seems self-evident that every web-based or
             | proprietary app message board interface is immensely worse
             | than even the most primitive usenet reader of the 80s.
        
               | andrewjf wrote:
               | I'm with you. I really despise web based apps and I
               | really loved having a native app experience with usenet.
               | Google groups was a UX regression and I really would just
               | love to have a native news reader again.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | When I read comments like this, I assume the person
               | writing it didn't spend much time in conversations on
               | Usenet. It sucked. Replies would randomly go missing.
               | They'd take hours to arrive. Nothing was searchable or
               | findable. Replies would expire out in some arbitrary
               | amount of time --- every server did this differently.
               | There was no meaningful formatting. Because there was
               | often no moderation at all, groups would get crudded up
               | with spam. There was no sorting of messages; you just had
               | to build an intuition for whose responses were worth
               | reading, and scan threads for them. Every message had to
               | stand alone, like an email, so things were often
               | top/bottom quoted, and you had to pick through all the
               | chaff to find morsels of new content.
               | 
               | Imagine Hacker News, if instead of Hacker News, you had
               | only Gmail's interface and Gmail threading. That's what
               | we put up with.
               | 
               | I spent a _lot_ of time on Usenet. I miss it a lot, in
               | the same way I miss, like, trip-hop. It was a thing of
               | its time. I don 't so much want to engage with it now.
               | 
               | It was great, at the time, because there was nothing else
               | like it. But there's no Usenet group I can think of that
               | doesn't have a message board equivalent today that blows
               | it completely out of the water. I think a lot of people
               | are nostalgic for Usenet because they miss the feeling of
               | discovering worldwide communities; today, they're a dime
               | a dozen.
        
       | mindcrime wrote:
       | I was in an AI conference yesterday, and there was a bunch of
       | discussion in the chat about Slack channels, Discord servers,
       | etc. So I was literally just lamenting the state of shared
       | discussion forums, and commented that we all need to go back to
       | Usenet and drop all these lame "walled garden" proprietary
       | forums.
       | 
       | I'd like to tell people "install Thunderbird, sign up for a free
       | Usenet provider, and join comp.ai, comp.misc, etc and have fun."
       | But I'm a bit leery of encouraging people to do that since I'm
       | not sure what the state of spam being sent to the various Usenet
       | groups is, or how providers are handling spam filtering (if at
       | all).
       | 
       | That said, there's definitely a place for NNTP / Usenet. It might
       | take some work to fix up some issues, but it would be great to
       | see vibrant / fruitful discussions via Usenet again.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The thing you want exists. It's called the Fediverse. Don't
         | like the politics? You wouldn't have liked Usenet in its heyday
         | either.
        
           | jtode wrote:
           | I think you're coating your memory with a thick blanket of
           | woke. I was also around in its heyday and the trolls were in
           | full effect, and had already learned how to make women's
           | lives hell.
           | 
           | There's a newsgroup still extant which is named after a woman
           | who spoke up about the CSAM problem on our local university's
           | server (I stumbled across it myself once, there was some
           | nasty fucking shit going through there). The users of these
           | groups did not take kindly to people messing with their
           | access to pictures of children being sexually abused. Not
           | naming her or the newsgroup because I'm sure she's long since
           | gotten it in her rear view mirror.
        
           | omoikane wrote:
           | The organization of Fediverse is different, and availability
           | of historical discussions is spotty.
           | 
           | Also, some quirky usenet groups aren't available elsewhere,
           | such as alt.binaries.*
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Most Usenet servers had strict retention limits; there was
             | no expectation of availability of historical discussions.
        
           | olah_1 wrote:
           | ActivityPub servers own your account. This is a non-starter
           | for me unless someone holds server admins accountable to laws
           | or some kind of liability
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Just run your own server. The situation was no better with
             | NNTP.
        
           | caskstrength wrote:
           | > Don't like the politics? You wouldn't have liked Usenet in
           | its heyday either.
           | 
           | Or just join an instance that is not explicitly political.
           | You don't have to be on beehaw or hachyderm.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Literally perplexed at that statement. That was the only
           | place for solid community, damn good information, and endless
           | free file downloads in it's heyday. The barriers that made
           | people drop it actually make it more attractive these days
           | since the masses will never show up.
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | _The thing you want exists. It 's called the Fediverse._
           | 
           | For the most part, when people talk about "The Fediverse"
           | they mean ActivityPub based sites. You could argue the point,
           | since NNTP is "federated" as well, and one could certainly
           | conceive of federating _between_ the NNTP space and the
           | ActivityPub space.
           | 
           | I'm a Fediverse user, fan, and advocate
           | (mindcrime@fosstodon.org), but I specifically mentioned
           | Usenet, because the "thing I want" in this context is, in
           | fact, Usenet. Now if somebody wants to do the work to rebuild
           | the Usenet hierarchy on top of the "wild west" that is the
           | litany of servers on the Fediverse, build client support into
           | Thunderbird, etc., then sure... that could probably turn into
           | something interesting.
           | 
           |  _You wouldn 't have liked Usenet in its heyday_
           | 
           | Please don't presume to tell me what I would or wouldn't
           | like. That's incredibly disrespectful. And in point of fact,
           | I _did_ like Usenet in its heyday.
        
             | nikodunk wrote:
             | I've been very happy on the Fediverse (mastodon) since I
             | took the plunge a few months ago. This is what the "early"
             | internet at its best must have felt like. Real humans,
             | technical discussions, random finds (painting!), sorted by
             | created at desc.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It's not really like usenet, if only because of the
               | character limits. This really changes the nature of the
               | discussion.
               | 
               | Yes, having images available within mastodon is nice -
               | that was always clunky with usenet.
        
               | cpach wrote:
               | I'm on infosec.exchange, our limit is 11000 chars. That's
               | more than enough.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | My understanding is that "typical" Mastodon/ActivityPub
               | instances limit you to on the order of 500. Certainly
               | true for Fosstodon.
        
               | jowea wrote:
               | I never used the Fediverse, but is all/most trying to be
               | a Twitter clone?
        
               | cpach wrote:
               | Mastodon is like that. Then you have Kbin and Lemmy which
               | are more Reddit-like, and Pixelfed which is supposedly
               | similar to Instagram.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | > sorted by created at desc
               | 
               | Interestingly, this seems to be amongst the most
               | controversial aspects; some people _hate_ it.
               | 
               | Personally, I was only quite dimly aware that Twitter had
               | an algorithm now, like a common Facebook; until Musk
               | ruined it I generally only really used Twitter via
               | Tweetbot, so was getting a time-based feed anyway. So
               | Mastodon was just what I was used to anyway. But more
               | people than I expected actually liked the Twitter
               | algorithm, and couldn't cope with Mastodon's lack of
               | magic ML stuff at all.
        
               | mindcrime wrote:
               | Same. It's a bit "random" though. Maybe because the
               | Mastodon world has generally resisted having good global
               | search. And even though certain instances have broad
               | topics (like sigmoid.social for AI/ML, or fosstodon.org
               | for F/OSS) a feed tends to quickly fill up with plenty of
               | random stuff.
               | 
               | With Usenet, if you join, say, comp.ai, you know that
               | (spam aside) you're just getting AI stuff. Same for
               | comp.linux, comp.lang.c++, or whatever. There's something
               | to be said for the topic hierarchy there.
               | 
               | I see a place for both ActivityPub and Usenet,
               | personally. Although, again, acknowledging that somebody
               | _could_ probably in principle build the Usenet style
               | experience on top of ActivityPub. But as far as I know,
               | that part doesn 't exist today. If it does, somebody
               | please let me know.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | For forums over ActivityPub, there's Lemmy.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | It's been a while but I don't recall a ton of politics on
             | the usenet groups I used to participate in (mostly tech
             | subjects). Of course there were groups for politics, and
             | sometimes a thread would go off on a tangent, but the nice
             | thing about usenet is it was easy to killfile people or
             | threads that you didn't want to read anymore.
             | 
             | When I used it it seemed like it was mostly real names
             | (.edu accounts) at least on the groups I read, so maybe
             | that kept people in check a bit. Though that would have
             | been easy to spoof I'm sure.
             | 
             | My department also had some local groups that did not
             | propagate. So it must be possible to stand up your own NNTP
             | server and have groups for your local users that are at
             | least in that sense "private"
        
               | naravara wrote:
               | The user was talking about internal group politics/drama.
               | Not national electoral politics.
        
               | dmacvicar wrote:
               | Usenet was sorted by topic. Same people stick to the
               | required topic in different forums.In the fediverse, you
               | follow people, and therefore can't control very well what
               | people post about. I follow some people because I am
               | interested in technical topics, but I end muting some of
               | those because some are very political, and I am not
               | interested in some of these topics.
               | 
               | I don't think the Usenet model can be replicated on top
               | of Fediverse. Not everyone sees instances as a topic
               | thing (I host my own instance).
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Hm. Wonder if any newsreaders could "follow" a person,
               | regardless of the group he posted in. I don't recall that
               | feature existing in rn or trn.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | Is there a free provider you'd recommend?
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | No, see above: it's been a while since I looked at the usenet
           | landscape. TBH, I'm tempted to set up my own, but I'm not
           | sure I have the time/energy/money to deal with the peering
           | stuff. But never say never...
        
           | brightsize wrote:
           | Eternal September, mentioned in the article, is good. Another
           | that I know of is https://solani.org/ .
        
         | pdntspa wrote:
         | I'm surprised nobody made fun of you with the typical ageist-
         | conformist fashion nonsense that permeates tech discussion
         | these days
        
         | reidrac wrote:
         | > sign up for a free Usenet provider
         | 
         | Sorry, but you make it sound like there are many. That allow
         | posting, and free, I think I only know one.
        
           | throwaway14356 wrote:
           | http://www.eternal-september.org/
        
           | hkt wrote:
           | https://sdf.org/?faq?USENET?03
           | 
           | Not free, but a few dollars for ARPA membership for life is
           | good.
        
             | reidrac wrote:
             | I'm on sdf-eu. Not sure SDF has external groups anymore,
             | they may do. Just double check because the website has had
             | outdated info before.
             | 
             | AFAIK the best options are https://www.eternal-
             | september.org/ and https://usenet.blueworldhosting.com/
             | (read only though).
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | _Sorry, but you make it sound like there are many. That allow
           | posting, and free, I think I only know one._
           | 
           | It's been a while since I looked. I could have sworn there
           | were at least a handful, but either A. I might be mis-
           | remembering or B. the landscape might have changed since I
           | checked last.
           | 
           | That said, there seem to be quite few who offer _cheap_ if
           | not actually _free_ access. And by  "cheap" I mean, on the
           | order of $10.00 (USD) / month or less.
        
             | dvdkon wrote:
             | I don't think 10USD/month for access to a forum is anywhere
             | near cheap or even reasonable, no matter how big it is. I
             | can't imagine anyone paying that for non-warez Usenet
             | access.
        
               | kxrm wrote:
               | That pricing is definitely targeted at users who use
               | usenet to trade binary files.
               | 
               | If you do not care about binary files then use
               | https://www.eternal-september.org, it's free.
        
               | sigio wrote:
               | Get a provider with a block account... 1GB will last
               | forever on text-groups, and block accounts usually go for
               | 10-1000GB for a few bucks
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | That seems rather expensive given the service being
             | provided, i.e. read-write access to a text-only discussion
             | board. Where's all the cost going?
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _sign up for a free Usenet provider_
         | 
         | Any suggestions?
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | https://www.eternal-september.org/
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | Just a warning: Eternal September's administrator doesn't
             | give a damn about trolls and spammers posting through that
             | server; every single complaint I filed went 100% ignored.
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | The free "10 GB" trial accounts available from usenet
           | binaries providers can serve as a text only read/posting
           | account for years. Like with usenet.farm
        
         | jtode wrote:
         | The spam is the biggest issue. We never solved it there, and
         | it's only being controlled on usenet's imitators through tight
         | control, which is not a feature of usenet.
         | 
         | One setup I could see working is a pubkey setup where anyone
         | who posts, always encrypts with their private key, and anyone
         | you want to hear from, you add their public key to your list of
         | keys you decrypt to read.
         | 
         | Aggregators can occupy public keys as their "address" and any
         | aggregator that gets obnoxious, you just trim it from your
         | list, which only contains things you've either let in or
         | accepted via slates or whitelists.
         | 
         | Then the spammers can do whatever they like, really.
         | 
         | I believe the main reason usenet faded so thoroughly was that
         | it became a piracy distribution platform very early on (not
         | sure which came first, the pirate booty or the porn booty, but
         | I'm guessing porn), and very quickly there came a kind of
         | unspoken "don't talk about usenet" code among those who already
         | knew about it. At the time, Napster and bittorrent were the
         | main targets of the authorities and IP trolls and usenet was
         | just doing a Jim-From-The-Office-smirking-through-the-blinds.
        
           | SSLy wrote:
           | It still does that.
        
             | II2II wrote:
             | Didn't a lot of servers just stop carrying the binaries
             | newsgroups, or never bothered carrying them in the first
             | place? Even without considering piracy, binaries tended to
             | place a burden on the server provider since the messages
             | tended to be much larger. (Even a small image/program in
             | the 10's of kB would be larger than a heavily quoted
             | message.
        
               | derefr wrote:
               | Yes, and so these days there are paid-subscription NNTP
               | providers that sync the alt.binaries groups. Presumably
               | all the pirates (both the uploaders, and the pure
               | leechers) are using such providers.
        
             | jtode wrote:
             | shhhhh
        
           | upofadown wrote:
           | >...always encrypts with their private key, and anyone you
           | want to hear from, you add their public key to your list of
           | keys you decrypt to read.
           | 
           | I think you mean that posters would sign with their private
           | keys and you would have a list of public keys that you would
           | verify the signature against.
           | 
           | That, incidentally, is also a valid approach to email spam...
        
           | BearhatBeer wrote:
           | Usenet faded because ISPs all conspired to drop it, en masse,
           | in the early 2000's. Used to be every ISP from Comcast down
           | to the mom and pops had Usenet. Now it's not just uncommon,
           | it's nearly impossible to find any ISP that has their own
           | Usenet feed. And yes the excuse given to drop it was piracy.
        
             | stewbrew wrote:
             | I assume they dropped it because they couldn't monetize it,
             | i.e. spam you with personalized ads and the like. Probably
             | the same reason why RSS News feeds were dropped.
        
             | skrause wrote:
             | In Germany basically all ISPs never provided the binary
             | groups, so piracy was never an issue. There also was no
             | conspiracy to shut down the servers because of that.
             | 
             | And yet the German groups started a slow but steady decline
             | after their peak in 2001: http://usenet.dex.de/de.ALL.html
             | 
             | I was active in the German Usenet back then and still
             | remember that between around 2001 and 2005 the spammers and
             | trolls took over and destoyed one group after another until
             | they were completely unusable. I also mostly quit around
             | maybe 2005.
             | 
             | So I highly doubt that Usenet would have continued to work
             | if ISPs had just continued support it. Usenet only worked
             | as long as everyboy was nice to each other, it would never
             | work today without _much_ better moderation protocols and
             | tools.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | It was expensive. I ran an ISP on the mid 90s, and it took
             | up an expensive server and a disproportionate amount of my
             | time to ensure we had good enough feeds for people to be
             | happy, and so the moment demand was dropping it was very
             | high on the list of things to get rid of.
             | 
             | Had peering been more on demand, rather than a firehouse,
             | maybe people would have kept them longer.
             | 
             | I for a while worked on an aggressively caching NNTP server
             | as an option because of the costs involved.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | Yeah, people forget just how expensive both bandwidth and
               | storage were in the late 1990s.
               | 
               | YouTube appeared in 2005 and was losing _VAST_ amounts of
               | money before Google bought them out. So, even in 2005,
               | Usenet probably was still too expensive.
        
             | chrisco255 wrote:
             | Usenet faded because the UX was terrible. It was common in
             | the early 90s because it predates the world wide web, and
             | most people back then were highly technical and could deal
             | with the warts.
             | 
             | Everything moved to the web, and Usenet clients were hit or
             | miss. Neither Windows nor Mac came packaged with a client
             | for it, so it certainly wasn't easily discoverable for
             | people who joined the internet later. They probably never
             | even knew it existed.
             | 
             | ISPs became client-less after broadband became widespread.
             | ISPs didn't want to write or provide software, they just
             | wanted to provide data over basic cable/DSL. Even AOL
             | instant messenger eventually faded, as it never really
             | adapted itself to a non desktop centric web.
        
               | jtode wrote:
               | I've never had an experience as smooth and easy as usenet
               | on Free Agent as the gui client. Everything else, forums,
               | socials, etc, contain a subset of the features in that
               | setup.
        
               | bouvin wrote:
               | Gnus was a joy to use. Never has an application fitted me
               | better.
               | 
               | Spam was the issue - there were extensions and
               | initiatives to combat it, but it was a losing battle. It
               | was a major cultural loss - Reddit can at its best
               | approach it, but not replace what existed in the early
               | nineties.
        
               | BearhatBeer wrote:
               | Usenet doesn't have a UX by itself, it's a protocol. The
               | user experience is entirely dictated by the software used
               | to access it. And Outlook supported Usenet all the way
               | from the word go. Macs didn't even come with any email
               | clients back in those times, but popular ones supported
               | Usenet and there were also Usenet-exclusive programs
               | available.
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | I've been using Outlook since 1997 and this is the first
               | time I heard that Outlook supported Usenet. This is what
               | I mean, even if it was theoretically supported, it wasn't
               | discoverable. If you knew what to connect to and how to
               | wire up Outlook, sure, you could get it going.
               | 
               | But let's take something else from the same era and
               | provide a comparison for the average user: yahoo.com. You
               | typed it into the browser, and you were instantly
               | presented with several hundred interesting links. No
               | config necessary, just click and go. The UX needed to be
               | that simple.
               | 
               | Actually discovering good channels on Usenet took time
               | and investment. As opposed to Reddit, for example, which
               | used upvotes and decay based algorithms (also, see HN) to
               | make fresh subreddits discoverable on the main feed.
        
               | antod wrote:
               | I think it was Outlook Express rather than Outlook that
               | supported NNTP. The early version of OE was even called
               | "Internet Mail and News" or something like that.
        
             | icedchai wrote:
             | Today, we could all run our own NNTP servers. The traffic
             | on most newsgroups (excluding binaries) would be a trickle
             | compared to the average broadband connection.
             | 
             | I ran my own news server in the 90's, receiving about a
             | dozen groups over dialup with a UUCP feed.
        
           | sfmike wrote:
           | https://easynews.com/
        
           | listenallyall wrote:
           | > I believe the main reason usenet faded
           | 
           | I believe it was due to AOL and CompuServe forums, which were
           | most importantly, new, novel, friendly and easy. Technical
           | people were "above" AOL and so those Usenet communities
           | survived a few more years, but ultimately succumbed to web
           | forums which were superior to Usenet in almost every way.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, web forums were mostly hollowed out due to
           | social media, and now that people are sick and tired of that,
           | the simplicity and "innocence" of early 2000's forums, and
           | even 90s Usenet, seems appealing (although tinted by rose-
           | colored nostalgic glasses).
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | Just my opinion but I can't think of a single way in which
             | I found web forums of the early 2000s to be superior to
             | usenet.
        
               | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
               | Discoverability? A novice could type something into Web
               | Crawler and get a forum back as a search result. Then
               | they could click the link and begin reading and
               | participating immediately. Was Usenet ever that easy?
        
               | jtode wrote:
               | There was a time when "Groups" was section of google
               | search and they indexed the whole thing.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Think this is still around (at least the groups are) but
               | the interface is terrible. Mailing list-tier
        
               | BearhatBeer wrote:
               | Even easier, no web search needed. All you needed to do
               | was search the group list for relevant terms. All the
               | Usenet clients supported searching the group list. Then
               | you just tick the checkbox and the articles were
               | downloaded.
               | 
               | Much much easier than using a search engine, scrolling
               | through the results which were half ads even in those
               | days, and trying out the 12 different forums you finally
               | found which were even active...
        
               | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
               | > All you needed to do was search the _group list_ for
               | relevant terms. All the _Usenet clients_ supported
               | searching the group list
               | 
               | - Group list
               | 
               | - Usenet client
               | 
               | Most people had no clue what that stuff was.
        
               | BearhatBeer wrote:
               | That's another reason why Usenet was better. There was an
               | IQ test to see if you were above 90 just to get going
               | with it.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | Exactly. When I got access for the first time in the
               | early 90s it took me a few days to wrap my mind around it
               | but after that I never had trouble finding groups of
               | interest. Tools like search, built in group name
               | searches, etc made it easy
        
               | jtode wrote:
               | Yah no idea what they talking about me
        
               | listenallyall wrote:
               | Your opinion is, of course, valid, but you do recognize
               | that it's shared by only a small minority, right?
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | Sure, but they made it as a statement of fact. As opposed
               | to myself who pointed out it was an opinion.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Don't know about superior but they were definitely an
               | evolution of the concept and were more decentralized p
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | > since I'm not sure what the state of spam being sent to the
         | various Usenet groups is
         | 
         | Isn't this why some groups were moderated?
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | I have a few people in my killfile so that I don't see messages
         | from them but don't get much spam in the comp.* groups that I
         | read.
         | 
         | The threading and only seeing new messages is a lot better in
         | my Usenet client than any web forum that I use, including this
         | one.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | > The threading and only seeing new messages is a lot better
           | in my Usenet client than any web forum that I use, including
           | this one.
           | 
           | Indeed! This is the other less-spoken flaw of walled-garden
           | communication apps. Since they are proprietary, you're stuck
           | with the very limited functionality the company has decided
           | to implement (and it's always very limited).
           | 
           | With open protocols such as SMTP and NNTP, there's no limit
           | to how feature rich the clients (plural, since there can be
           | many clients attuned to different tastes) can be. And you can
           | always pipe things to a shell for an infinitely extensible
           | set of capabilities.
           | 
           | I find all the proprietary communication apps so frustrating,
           | knowing that my email and usenet clients even back in the 80s
           | had tons of more functionality and flexibility.
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | _The threading and only seeing new messages is a lot better
           | in my Usenet client than any web forum that I use, including
           | this one._
           | 
           | Yep. The Usenet experience is nice. The only thing that
           | really got me out of the habit of participating frequently
           | was a combination of two factors:
           | 
           | 1. My ISP quit providing NNTP access by default
           | 
           | 2. So many other people moved off, that a lot of the groups
           | became nothing but CfP's, spam, and maybe 1 actual
           | interesting post per year.
           | 
           | But in the spirit of "be the change you want in the world" I
           | guess I'll bit the bullet and sign up for a Usenet account
           | somewhere, or stand up my own server and look into what it
           | would take to get peering setup.
        
             | tivert wrote:
             | > CfP's
             | 
             | What's that stand for?
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | Call for Papers I'd guess
        
               | mindcrime wrote:
               | Yes, Call for Papers.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | "Including this one" is a good example, for how the rules of
           | how content is selected for presentation define the medium.
           | Even with exactly the same people, exactly the same dang
           | occasionally nudging people this way or that way, this place
           | would be an entirely different if the effective feed
           | composition wasn't the one it is. So much of the identity of
           | these online communities is an emergent consequence of the
           | mechanisms employed.
        
             | throwaway14356 wrote:
             | i notice that a forum for a productive effort gets much
             | less useful if there is a "general" sub form. It seems to
             | ruin organization permanently.
             | 
             | One could in stead have a "i don't know where to put this"
             | section that forces the mod to move or delete it.
        
       | nunobrito wrote:
       | Nostr is the new usenet.
       | 
       | Back to basics with volunteer-relays and zero servers. Carry your
       | own texts anywhere without censorship. Share files, share tweets
       | (xeets), just share anything with anonymity.
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong, I enjoyed usenet and IRC. I still enjoy BBS
       | today, the only thing that really replaced the 90s feeling of the
       | usenet is truly Nostr.
        
       | xhkkffbf wrote:
       | My impression is that USENET is particularly censorship
       | resistant. I suppose that's an advantage-- until someone starts
       | to spam it.
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | It depends on who's cancel messages you honor.
         | 
         | You'll likely want to honor the anti-spam ones as they're
         | deleting spam. Most sites limit the sources of cancel messages
         | they honor (and have checks to make sure that its you who are
         | deleting your own messages).
         | 
         | Back in the day, censorship was an issue because everyone would
         | honor everyone's cancel messages and, well, talking about a
         | contentious political topic would likely have people attempting
         | to forge cancel messages.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | I just recently started reading Fire Upon the Deep by Vernor
       | Vinge and it's fascinating that he thought Usenet (or something
       | VERY similar) would be how civilizations communicate with each
       | other across the galaxy.
       | 
       | (Granted, it was written in the early 90s but feels very apropos
       | to see a post about it here on HN)
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | Given the time lag - even with FTL! - it still seems much more
         | reasonable than Star Trek's flawless, synchronous video with
         | automatic translation that works flawlessly and is never
         | remarked upon (Unless the plot requires it).
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | Totally!
           | 
           | The parts where the organization is notifying its users:
           | 
           | "Sorry, a giant AI is using all of our bandwidth" reminded me
           | of several conversations I've had with networking teams over
           | the years.
        
       | mmstr wrote:
       | If you want to read more about USENET through a criticism written
       | while it was still used, I suggest to you the wonderfully
       | anachronistic Unix Haters Handbook
       | (https://web.mit.edu/~simsong/www/ugh.pdf), it starts to talk
       | about USENET at page 131
        
         | focusedone wrote:
         | I'm through the first preface and this looks like a fantastic
         | read. Thank you!
        
         | marsa wrote:
         | page 131 of the pdf, but page 93 of the book itself in case
         | anyone else ends up at the wrong place
        
       | thenose wrote:
       | There are a lot of people saying that Usenet is no longer
       | appropriate given today's social landscape. But it's interesting
       | that Satoshi started Bittorrent by posting to the crypto mailing
       | list. That was 2008, a decade and a half ago. But Usenet had died
       | long before that, and long after Usenet-style newsgroups had gone
       | out of fashion.
       | 
       | Text is timeless, and it's worth keeping an open mind that it can
       | work. Maybe specific niche interests are the key; crypto is a big
       | topic now, but back then only a few enthusiasts cared.
        
       | h0p3 wrote:
       | Toxic (of Toxcore) conferences seem like a great start, in some
       | cases.
        
       | bigfryo wrote:
       | I first posted on Usenet in 1995.. I am OG
        
         | yaakov34 wrote:
         | No, you're not even close.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | What is close?
        
             | ksherlock wrote:
             | The Henry Spencer utzoo archives go back to February 1981.
        
         | evilbob93 wrote:
         | a couple years after AOL came online and... well changed it
         | quite a bit.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | Sounds like a fun weekend project would be to implement the
       | Usenet client/server protocol in your language of choice, and
       | maybe start your own federated Usenet server(s).
        
       | zzo38computer wrote:
       | I use Usenet with Eternal September, and a NNTP client software I
       | wrote by myself. I also have my own NNTP server for discussions
       | of my own projects, although currently nobody else uses it than
       | myself. (Both my own server software and client software support
       | 63-bit article numbers.)
       | 
       | I think that NNTP is better than much of the newer too
       | complicated and messy protocols. I also think is better than
       | using mailing lists, too. NNTP also you can (like mailing lists,
       | but unlike web forums) compose drafts on your computer and read
       | messages that have already been downloaded, even if the internet
       | connection (or the NNTP server) is currently not working, and
       | then you can send/receive once it does work.
        
       | turnsout wrote:
       | I was on Usenet a lot up until the late 90s! I just did a quick
       | search for Mac Usenet apps, and most of them seem oriented around
       | file downloads.
       | 
       | Does anyone have a recommendation for an actually good native Mac
       | Usenet app tailored for, like, normal discussion?
        
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