[HN Gopher] Griffin - A fully-regulated, API-driven bank, with C...
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       Griffin - A fully-regulated, API-driven bank, with Clojure
        
       Author : coder94
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2023-08-29 20:06 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.juxt.pro)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.juxt.pro)
        
       | jsyolo wrote:
       | They tried really hard to not use a distributed SQL database.
        
         | venantius wrote:
         | Because it's not a great fit for an event driven architecture.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Despite the unpopularity here. I am still a fan of cryptocurrency
       | as an alternative to traditional banking.
        
         | jokoon wrote:
         | Unless finance institutions and laws can protect wallets and
         | insure crypto, I will never use it. Currency is not just a
         | number you move around, currency is deeply intertwined with how
         | civilization works, and it requires a high amount of trust for
         | people to use it.
         | 
         | Trust is rather a social concept that something you can really
         | prove mathematically. It's collective trust. Unless you can
         | DRASTICALLY reduce mis-use with bitcoin, no one with trust it
         | ever without a lot of expensive protective measures.
         | 
         | A 1 hour lecture from a security professor on crypto currency:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9nv0Ol-R5Q
         | 
         | Something else:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AAUrMuMPlo
        
         | dsco wrote:
         | Cryptocurrency is also even better than Clojure at being
         | auditable as everything is on-chain all the time.
        
         | _nhynes wrote:
         | With the introduction of CBDCs, FedNow, and platforms like TFA,
         | it's starting to look like TradFi is getting the second-mover
         | advantage. Cryptocurrency introduced programmable money, which
         | is great, but it also came with other features like self-
         | custody, extreme transparency & privacy, and immutability that
         | have ended up being more than average users are willing to
         | accept as a bundle.
         | 
         | TradFi entities now have the ability to pick what they like out
         | of the mix and offer that to customers while also benefiting
         | from the convenience of trust assumptions, something
         | cryptocurrency eschews. TradFi is building atop thousands of
         | years worth of UX improvements in how people can come to trust
         | each other. It's difficult for cryptocurrency to compete there.
         | 
         | I still love the developer convenience of blockchain since it
         | nicely combines serverless with auth with payments. But for the
         | most part, given the existence of trust, these benefits could
         | also come from a system like in TFA having a Wasm runtime and
         | maybe a dash of WebAuthn. Like a mashup of Cloudflare Workers
         | and Stripe.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | You can build features like reversibility on top of Ethereum.
           | A draconian government chain that solves none of the
           | important grievances is not needed. I do not need big brother
           | freezing my funds, deciding what I can and can't buy, etc.
        
             | _nhynes wrote:
             | Yes, I completely agree. There's plenty of tech available
             | to achieve many of the goals of functionality,
             | affordability, and privacy a motivated team of developers
             | could have. Just that it's often unnecessarily difficult to
             | build and use. Probably things will be much better in
             | a(nother) decade, but the whole thing is still a work in
             | progress. In the meantime, why pay the cost 100% of the
             | time for avoiding a bad thing that happens 1% of the time?
             | Cryptocurrency has its utility, but much less when
             | minimizing trust isn't a requirement.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | The issue is always the same: traditional banking is
         | frictionless, very cheap and convenient for 99.9% of people out
         | there.
         | 
         | Crypto isn't frictionless, it's not cheap and it solves
         | problems that only the 0.1% has such as the need of
         | transferring large amounts of "money", without tracing, in
         | short times, across the globe but it undoes the benefits that
         | the 99.9% has while bringing complexity.
         | 
         | Plus, nobody really wants a deflationary currency, they don't
         | work, the incentive is to hoard and hold, not spend, which is
         | why even Bitcoin's website dropped the currency narrative for
         | the store of value.
         | 
         | People don't buy Bitcoin to trade or pay, but to sell at a
         | higher price. Exception being drug dealers and few lunatic
         | anarcho-capitalists.
        
           | siftrics wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | hakfoo wrote:
             | There is a perception that it's magic and untraceable. As
             | you mention, there are obfuscation methods that seem
             | sufficient that criminals have adopted crypto rather than
             | 'Okay, you're gonna have to buy $100k in iTunes cards" to
             | claim their ransomware bounties.
        
       | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
       | Its not clear there will be small banks in the US to use this
       | tech in the future. Here's why:
       | 
       | 1. Deposit flight. Small banks are struggling to attract deposits
       | at a time when money markets pay considerably more than deposit
       | accounts.
       | 
       | 2. Investment scarcity. Small banks are struggling to find places
       | invest deposits where returns are safe, on a reporting adjusted
       | basis. Meaning, small banks invest(ed) in US Treasuries, but as
       | the Fed has rapidly hiked rates, the mark-to-market value of
       | these investments has declined (though the funds are safe). The
       | same can be said of new lending, which has similar problems due
       | to credit risk, primarily in commercial real-estate.
       | 
       | 3. Perceived risk. Rather than allow depositors to purchase
       | additional FDIC insurance (above the $250k limit), which
       | insurance would generate revenue for the FDIC and banks, the
       | USGOV had done nothing. If you want to insurance excess deposits
       | you must use an IntraFI account that spread deposits among
       | different banks, and/or brokered CD's which does the same for
       | that banking product. Both are higher friction, and both prevent
       | instant access to funds - regardless of one's tolerance for
       | penalties.
       | 
       | 4. FISERV missteps. Small banks rely on Fiserv and a few other
       | vendors to for back office and retail banking systems. In
       | Fiserv's case their software is well behind big bank products
       | that provide more features and easier user interfaces. Younger
       | banking customers prefer big bank systems.
       | 
       | 5. Regulatory overreach. Complex issue, but in sum its not clear
       | bank regulators understand the banking business, or if they do,
       | that they have any flexibility. By way of a few examples, its not
       | clear to me regulators understand the safety & utility of
       | brokered deposit use by small banks; the worthlessness of many
       | bank capital asset appraisals, or the immense risk real-estate
       | heavy loan portfolios are facing.
       | 
       | 6. Asset-based lending death. Pre-2008 one could borrow against
       | many types of capital assets, allowing businesses to purchase
       | those assets with, say, 20% down. The asset secured the loan,
       | with little or no reliance on personal guarantees or recent cash
       | flow analysis. This practice led to problems in the 2008 GFC, but
       | instead of tweaking the approach, lenders and regulators simply
       | eliminated asset-based lending. When I write 'eliminated' I fully
       | understand its still advertised as a lending product, but
       | underwriting is reliant on cash flow, personal financial
       | statements, and other factors that make 'asset based lending' a
       | marketing term, not reality. This was profitable business for
       | banks and didn't need to die.
       | 
       | More threats lie ahead for small banks in the US. Folks in the
       | know speculate USGOV prefers the Canadian model, where most
       | deposits are held by several big banks. It might be the case
       | FedCoin opens new possibilities for small banks, reducing Fiserv
       | and friends hold on small banking business. One can always hope.
        
       | Lyngbakr wrote:
       | James Trunk, who is now Griffin's VP of Engineering, gave one of
       | the most clear and enjoyable technical introductions to Clojure
       | I've seen. Recommended!
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/C-kF25fWTO8?si=PnjMNLdBLJ8zqSu-
        
       | gremlinsinc wrote:
       | I absolutely hate when an articles starts out with:
       | 
       | > IN A STARTUP, YOU SHOULD BE USING THE MOST POWERFUL LANGUAGE
       | YOU CAN, AND THAT IS CLOJURE.
       | 
       | says you. one opinion. in a startup you should use the language
       | that your team can build and launch your MVP the fastest so you
       | can get your first customers or funding. Hell, this could be a
       | low code or no-code platform(probably not in fintech, just saying
       | with startups in general).
       | 
       | I mean, I'd say Python is the most powerful language because of
       | LLMs and machine learning and generally I'm a PHP dev. Python
       | also is about to get a ton more powerful with mojo which
       | supposedly makes Python 36000x more performant.
       | 
       | However, I would never tell someone x is the most powerful
       | language and only one to use for a startup because that's a total
       | lie and opinion.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | I see. So this helps you build a Neobank or something like that.
       | It's Mambu for the UK?
        
       | dataangel wrote:
       | nothing like having dynamic types manage your money
        
         | ilikehurdles wrote:
         | While I also love to take part in cargo cults, you should
         | probably fit some good blinders on before looking over at
         | Nubank's stack.
        
         | bnert wrote:
         | In OO languages (Java, C#, C++, etc...), and functional ones
         | (F#, Haskell, OCaml, etc...) types do not validate the
         | correctness of logic, they evaluate the correctness of data
         | structures and their access/mutation as they are manifested in
         | the language.
         | 
         | OO languages consider data correctness as access patterns of
         | encapsulated primitives (or other data structures) through
         | defined behaviors on a "class".
         | 
         | Functional languages consider data correctness as access
         | patterns which preserve previous version of data which a caller
         | may still need to reference, or another part of the system
         | references. Functional languages (in most cases) disallow
         | direct mutation without some sort of immutability or
         | persistence.
         | 
         | Types have little (or nothing) to do with program correctness,
         | or data correctness as it relates to external storage engines
         | and their concurrency guarantees (i.e. FoundationDB,
         | PostgreSQL, MySQL, etc...).
         | 
         | Therefore, in this scenario, what matter's most is the
         | correctness of underlying storage (including the rigor of
         | validating expected behavior) and the event sourcing/messaging
         | systems, not on the internal data structures and their idioms
         | conveyed by the language.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Well, not yet. "The training wheels come off when we complete an
       | audit, raise some more money, and finish writing the code. That
       | should be Q3 or Q4 this year."
        
       | davewritescode wrote:
       | How does this compare with SoFi's Galileo platform just in terms
       | of feature set. The Galileo API is fairly rich so I'm wondering
       | what's different and potentially better.
        
       | fuddle wrote:
       | It's pretty cool to see that the two founders wrote a book
       | together: "Learning ClojureScript"
       | https://www.packtpub.com/product/learning-clojurescript/9781...
        
       | teamspirit wrote:
       | Why are these API banks always in the UK? I've been waiting to do
       | my banking using curl for years and no one has made it available
       | in the US.
        
         | orra wrote:
         | > Why are these API banks always in the UK?
         | 
         | I can think of 835 million reasons:
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/eu-rbs-britain/corrected-uk-...
         | 
         | Plus, Open Banking and Faster Payments (which were EU
         | initiatives before Brexit) maybe helped.
        
           | blibble wrote:
           | faster payments had nothing to do with the EU
           | 
           | "open" banking did (and accordingly you have to be a large
           | company to participate at all)
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | U.S. banking is surprisingly far behind the curve, and hasn't
         | led the world from a tech or innovation perspective for many
         | decades.
         | 
         | The UK on the other hand has actively encouraged new banks and
         | new tech. It's had things like instant, free, payments between
         | personal accounts for almost two decades. Contactless
         | transactions for at least a decade, mobile banking for decades,
         | and government mandated banking API for almost 5 years.
         | 
         | In short, the UK has a very active banking sector that's been
         | rapidly (for banks) innovating for many decades. So the
         | environment and ecosystem are well developed for further and
         | faster innovation.
         | 
         | In the U.S., it seems banks gave up on tech innovation decades
         | ago, and decided that innovation in fees and punitive treatment
         | of customers was their preferred approach. As a result there
         | just isn't an environment for new innovation, the incumbents
         | find it much easier to crush competition, rather than compete.
         | Why the same isn't true in UK (which until recently had
         | remarkably few distinct banks), is probably down to the nature
         | of law and regulation, which gives customers lots of rights,
         | and actively punishes banks that don't uphold them.
        
         | edent wrote:
         | In part because of the "Regulatory Sandbox" -
         | https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/innovation/regulatory-sandbox
        
           | venantius wrote:
           | Actually, no - the regulatory sandbox cannot be used by
           | prospective banks.
        
         | vermilingua wrote:
         | Does anyone know why this is the case in Australia too? Is
         | there a regulatory reason or is it just a matter of market
         | size?
        
         | downWidOutaFite wrote:
         | UK has government mandated API requirements for banks. In the
         | USA it's left to the "free market" which in practice means
         | having to trust unreliable 3rd parties like Yodlee or Plaid.
        
           | matt3210 wrote:
           | Lol plaid wanted my username and password for access to my
           | bank for a third party. No way
        
         | tazjin wrote:
         | It's fairly common in Russia, too. Mostly because some
         | "challenger banks" forced everyone else to modernise.
        
         | matt3210 wrote:
         | Yes! I need an api bank for personal use too!!
        
         | ctdean wrote:
         | Getting a new banking charter in the US is hard, but it's
         | straightforward to be a challenger bank in the UK. Jarvis moved
         | (back) to London from SF to start Griffin.
         | 
         | The banks in the US that have APIs tend to focus on large
         | fintech partnerships, so even simple APIs will be expensive
         | compared to a regular bank account. Grasshopper Bank in the US
         | (for example) is one of the few that will do APIs on top of
         | regular commercial bank accounts.
         | 
         | (I work at Treasury Prime, which powers many US banks that do
         | APIs.)
        
           | venantius wrote:
           | It's hard in the UK too! Just not "infeasible" hard. (Plus,
           | it's easier to finance as you don't have those pesky Bank
           | Holding Company Act regs dinging your investors)
        
       | mfreeman451 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | vichle wrote:
       | Maybe I'm missing something, but it sounds like there's a strong
       | case for Erlang/Elixir rather than Clojure? They kinda built BEAM
       | on the JVM, no?
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | For businesses only it seems. I'd love a bank for personal use
       | that was API accessible...
        
       | yuumei wrote:
       | Unfortunately in the UK a bank can (and do) freeze your account
       | with no reason for up to 2 years without any recourse or access
       | to funds. With API access you risk your money being frozen due to
       | automatic fraud detection. The government have given up policing
       | of finance to banks and they take the least risky options
        
         | venantius wrote:
         | I wouldn't say "given up" as much as "actively delegated".
         | 
         | The UK has essentially made a (political) choice that rather
         | than cover the cost of policing finance through taxes, they'll
         | just make the banks sort it out for them.
         | 
         | This is not great for some people for obvious reasons. But for
         | everyone else it's lower taxes. Where one falls on the
         | political spectrum largely determines how one feels about this.
        
           | CTDOCodebases wrote:
           | It's part of the privatisation of the surveillance state.
           | 
           | Money isn't the only motivation factor.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | Yet another example for why Ethereum is needed
        
           | kemotep wrote:
           | Can you specifically describe how Ethereum, where all
           | transactions are public, would prevent this kind of
           | surveillance?
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | I was referring to the inability of the government to
             | freeze your funds. But there are ways to prevent
             | surveillance using zkproofs where you can break the onchain
             | connection for private transactions.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | Putting your eth wallet keys on a "do not transact with"
               | list would be pretty similar. Having to engage in "money
               | laundering" such as those privacy measures you bring up
               | being a reason the government may put an address on the
               | block list would make it quite difficult to get around
               | too.
               | 
               | That is assuming Ethereum sees that kind of mass adoption
               | to the point governments start to regulate its usage.
        
         | fabianhjr wrote:
         | And in the US they got civil forfiture:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_forfeiture_in_the_United...
         | 
         | > To get back the seized property, owners must prove it was not
         | involved in criminal activity.
         | 
         | Some cases:
         | 
         | https://ij.org/report/policing-for-profit-2/grading-state-fe...
         | 
         | https://prosperityeconomics.org/stolen-savings-civil-forfeit...
        
           | dataangel wrote:
           | > In 2015, Eric Holder ended the policy of "adoptive
           | forfeiture", which occurred "when a state or local law
           | enforcement agency seizes property pursuant to state law and
           | requests that a federal agency take the seized asset and
           | forfeit it under federal law" due to abuse.[21] Although
           | states proceeded to curtail the powers of police to seize
           | assets, actions by the Justice Department in July 2017 have
           | sought to reinstate police seizure powers that simultaneously
           | raise funding for federal agencies and local law
           | enforcement.[22]
           | 
           | basically Obama got rid of it then Trump put it back then
           | Biden didn't anything
        
           | downWidOutaFite wrote:
           | Your first link says the IRS stopped doing forfeiture of bank
           | accounts 9 years ago.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | These "challenger" banks are a gimmick. Friend of mine recently
         | tried to set up an account for his new business and all
         | "challengers" refused a business account, they were slow to
         | respond and disinterested in helping. Eventually he set up with
         | a high street bank, but the whole thing took over a month,
         | which is ridiculous.
        
           | monooso wrote:
           | My experience of banking with both Starling and Monzo
           | (personal and business) has been excellent. Far better than
           | with any of the high street banks.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | That's surprising. Starling opened a business account for me
           | in less than 3 days. This was back in 2018 though.
        
       | oldtownroad wrote:
       | "By law, fintechs must work with a bank to do these things, and
       | right now that means a legacy high street bank with mainframes.
       | Griffin is the bank plus technology platform that all future
       | fintechs would build on."
       | 
       | Did they write this in 2016? The market has moved on. Griffin
       | looks neat but they're years behind many others, a nice API for
       | banking exists from well established players, like ClearBank.
       | There's room for more so it's great to see Griffin join the
       | market but I hope their pitch isn't this weak.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | > that all future fintechs would build on
         | 
         | This also sounds awfully like a single point of failure and
         | embodiment of what's wrong with late stage capitalism - where
         | competition is an illusion.
        
         | venantius wrote:
         | There still isn't a ton of choice in market - ClearBank is one
         | of three other banks that actually have decent offerings. And
         | having a good API is not enough; you need a holistic operating
         | model that is aligned with your customer base, which is much
         | harder to build for.
        
       | nathell wrote:
       | > and this additional proprietary thing that I really need to
       | open source (I ported Datascript to FoundationDB).
       | 
       | Yes please! I wonder how that plays out as an alternative to
       | Datomic.
        
         | gremlinsinc wrote:
         | the whole article read to me like a guide: How to over engineer
         | a project for kicks and giggles.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-29 23:00 UTC)