[HN Gopher] Trees guard their seeds: Unlocking the secrets of ma...
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       Trees guard their seeds: Unlocking the secrets of mast seeding
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 45 points
       Date   : 2023-08-28 12:14 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | I've noticed different tree species throw their parties at
       | different times. Assuming that its not just a bad year for plants
       | like last year was, where _everything_ is impacted. If the White
       | Oaks are having a bad year, its likely that the Red Oaks or the
       | Hickory trees will be bearing heavier than usual.
       | 
       | I've walked in the woods for years; this is the impression i have
       | from that experience. I don't see a good way to capture this in
       | numerical data form, tho. You'd have to have a pretty good and
       | consistent sampling technique over maybe 100 acres of forest; and
       | would probably need to do sampling on multiple patches that size
       | at some distance from each other. Over a span of decades.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Stone fruits such as apples, peaches and plums have a tendency
         | to produce fruit more heavily every other year.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | getarofilter wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | Damnit.
       | 
       | There are two 'mysteries' around mast years: One, which this
       | article covers, is pretty much common wisdom at this point. Does
       | 'common wisdom' need to be reviewed? Of course it does.
       | 
       | The bigger mystery is HOW DO ALL THE TREES KNOW? Mast years don't
       | happen in one grove, in one strain or in one forest. They happen
       | everywhere, even in different microbiomes that may have received
       | more or less rainfall that year.
       | 
       | I was hoping this was delving into that secret, for which no
       | theories have survived testing.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | There are, of course, theories that trees / plants communicate
         | in some way (e.g. chemical markers, similar to pheromones), but
         | if you haven't found anything solid then they haven't found any
         | conclusive evidence yet. There's probably loads we haven't
         | discovered yet. I mean didn't they discover a whole new system
         | in humans (next to the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic
         | system)?
        
           | hyllos wrote:
           | Well, I'd be not too much surprised if it's an external
           | factor like sun cycle, earth magnetism or any other natural
           | rhythm. Did they exclude that? How, if?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | They discovered the lymphatic system has channels in
           | connective tissue. Is that the one you're thinking about?
           | 
           | A lot of Eastern Medicine and massage people I'm sure felt
           | vindicated by that one.
        
         | dtgriscom wrote:
         | Uneducated hypothesis; the choice of a mast year isn't random,
         | but is some sort of response to the environment. If that's
         | true, then multiple trees in the same environment will tend to
         | have the same mast years.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | It's all the trees in at least a bioregion though. If they're
           | not upwind or downwind from each other, if some are in the
           | foothills and see more rain, nobody has caught them masting
           | on a different cycle. Which is just fuckin' weird.
        
       | surge wrote:
       | This is kind of cool, last year the trees in my yard released an
       | obnoxious amount of acorns compared to most years. This explains
       | why.
        
         | c0nsumer wrote:
         | Ours are doing that this year... White oak and burr oak. And
         | this helped us learn our new dog likes the taste of acorns.
         | <sigh> Which means acorn-y poop and us having to constantly try
         | to stop him from eating everything on the ground.
         | 
         | I'm really looking forward to a not-mast year. And looking into
         | how I might be able to vacuum these up.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | There's a device that is a wire ball on a stick. Looks a bit
           | like a bingo ball cage. The idea is that you roll the ball
           | over the acorns, the pressure pushes the wires apart and the
           | acorn pops into the ball, and then doesn't have enough force
           | to exit again.
        
         | koliber wrote:
         | Last year the oaks were kind. This year we will be covered in
         | acorns. I guess mast seeding is not coordinated world-wide.
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | Nice research and great to see Poznan featured: it is a great
       | town if you get a chance to visit. Just don't drink vodka with
       | the locals, they're nutters.
       | 
       | Some seeds I am pretty amazed by are some of those of the cycads.
       | Check these out:
       | https://i.pinimg.com/474x/3f/35/ca/3f35ca3dbdfbaf957ad6ca333...
       | 
       | They both have spikes and are physically quite large and hard, so
       | large and hard in fact that nothing alive can eat them.
       | 
       | Apparently a going theory is that they previously largely
       | depended upon distribution by extinct macro-fauna. I wonder: does
       | that mean the groves that we find in the Australian bush date
       | from periods of macro-fauna? Anthropogenic distribution is
       | limited to 65,000 years, water can move seed, yet many are in
       | places for which water cannot account for seed dispersal.
       | 
       | What a shame that we are destroying and mismanaging everything
       | for short term need through ignorance.
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | I wonder why they are using the term "consumer satiation
       | hypothesis" over the more common "predator satiation".
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_satiation
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Because we don't consider vegetarians to be predators.
        
           | lainga wrote:
           | In some food-chain dynamic models, the leaf-browsing gazelle
           | and the mosquito are both "micropredators", as in they
           | consume part of the prey organism without killing it. It's an
           | interesting framing.
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | Because most people don't consider squirrels predators and
         | acorns prey, I'd assume.
        
           | ortusdux wrote:
           | Predation is a commonly used term in horticulture, especially
           | in situations like this. From what I can glean, it is
           | considered predation if the plant's lifecycle is interrupted.
           | For example, cows would not be considered predators, but
           | goats would be (browsing vs grazing animals). See also Seed
           | Predation - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_predation
           | 
           | This writeup is a summary of the paper "Global patterns in
           | the predator satiation effect of masting: A meta-analysis".
           | This paper was published over a year and a half ago, and does
           | not include the term "consumer satiation hypothesis".
           | 
           | When I google "consumer satiation hypothesis", I get 6
           | results, most of which are this post and similar writeups
           | from the last few days.
           | 
           | I guess what I'm saying is that it looks like someone else is
           | introducing a newly named or obscure hypothesis, and then
           | backing it up with a paper that does not use that term, and
           | instead only uses the already extant and well established
           | hypothesis.
        
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