[HN Gopher] The secretive world of North Korean science fiction
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       The secretive world of North Korean science fiction
        
       Author : isaacfrond
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2023-08-28 07:39 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | raydiatian wrote:
       | I feel like Andy Weir did a phenomenal job with his handful of
       | books. The Martian, Project Hailmary. Both of these felt more
       | like team effort emphasis, which I liked.
        
       | 5040 wrote:
       | Tangentially related:
       | 
       |  _NG You know, I was in China in 2007, and it was the first ever
       | state-sponsored, Party-approved science-fiction convention. They
       | brought in some people from the west and I was one of them, and I
       | was talking to a number of the older science-fiction writers in
       | China, who told me about how science fiction was not just looked
       | down on, but seen as suspicious and counter-revolutionary,
       | because you could write a story set in a giant ant colony in the
       | future, when people were becoming ants, but nobody was quite
       | sure: was this really a commentary on the state? As such, it was
       | very, very dodgy._
       | 
       |  _I took aside one of the Party organisers, and said, "OK. Why
       | are you now in 2007 endorsing a science-fiction convention?" And
       | his reply was that the Party had been concerned that while China
       | historically has been a culture of magical and radical invention,
       | right now, they weren't inventing things. They were making things
       | incredibly well but they weren't inventing. And they'd gone to
       | America and interviewed the people at Google and Apple and
       | Microsoft, and talked to the inventors, and discovered that in
       | each case, when young, they'd read science fiction. That was why
       | the Chinese had decided that they were going to officially now
       | approve of science fiction and fantasy._
       | 
       | https://www.newstatesman.com/2015/05/neil-gaiman-kazuo-ishig...
        
         | contingencies wrote:
         | While that article was written in 2015 about 2007, IMHO as a
         | recent employer there and long term resident, the issues in
         | China also stem from a lack of creativity in the educational
         | environment, the political weaponisation of Confucianism,
         | government-controlled media, a closed internet and the recent
         | and unwaveringly vicious politically motivated disempowerment
         | of high profile entrepreneurs. Nearly every single person a
         | young person meets before the age of 25 is likely to scold them
         | for original thinking, dreaming or playing: from their own
         | parents to their state teachers, and all are co-witness to the
         | public vilification, robbing or subsuming of successful
         | innovators by the state. Meanwhile, the increasingly
         | authoritarian government attempts to limit children's access to
         | simple _computer games_. All are taught that the nail that
         | sticks out is the one that is hammered down. In such an
         | environment, who would dare to be different? Ideas are
         | generally tolerated and evaluated on short term greed potential
         | only.
         | 
         | More reflectively, it is such a shame to see the current
         | situation because as Joseph Needham's classic series shows, the
         | China region is perhaps historically the longest serving and
         | arguably in many ways the most significant bastion of human
         | inventive potential, period.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_Civilisation_in_Ch...
        
         | twic wrote:
         | As an aside to this tangent, the World Science Fiction
         | Convention is in China this year, for the first time in its
         | history (by way of comparison, it's been in Kansas City twice):
         | 
         | https://en.chengduworldcon.com/
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | HDMI_Cable wrote:
         | This seems to underlie their problem: if they're only
         | supporting SciFi (and probably other creative outlets) as a
         | means to an end, as a means to encourage innovation, _they 're
         | doing it wrong_. Asimov didn't write because he foresaw all of
         | the tech entrepreneurs who would read his work, he wrote
         | because he wanted to, and because the society where he wrote
         | supported him--and promoted artistic works (though of course
         | there is perverse incentive for art here in the West, in the
         | form of monetary incentive for artists). If China only supports
         | SciFi to innovate, they won't produce good enough works to
         | innovate.
        
         | Knee_Pain wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | I look forward to reading some of this. SF is pretty much always
       | about the current day.
       | 
       | Soviet SF was quite illuminating to me (back when anybody cared
       | about the USSR). I've always wanted to read a couple of the
       | Soviet equivalent of the James Bond novels.
        
         | rexpop wrote:
         | > SF is pretty much always about the current day.
         | 
         | I can't comprehend this. Scifi is famously occupied with the
         | future, and not the current day. Space travel, advanced
         | technologies, artificial intelligences, and generally things
         | that don't yet exist are par for the course. Most of SF is
         | literally _not_ about the present.
         | 
         | Do you mean to say that SF's subtext reflects the zeitgeist at
         | the time/place of its writing?
        
         | worrycue wrote:
         | > SF is pretty much always about the current day.
         | 
         | SF is often speculative fiction that extrapolate current trends
         | into the future - frequently taking them to their logic
         | conclusion - to explore and critique. Good SF anyway.
        
           | throw1234651234 wrote:
           | Is it even worth reading? Genuine question. I thought it was
           | campty sort of satirical old-timey stuff, but I never read
           | it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | piperswe wrote:
             | Are you talking about Soviet sci-fi or speculative sci-fi?
             | If the latter, there's plenty of speculative sci-fi worth
             | reading. I'd recommend giving "I, Robot" a read - much of
             | it is about reasoning through a sort of moral philosophy,
             | through the lens of robotics.
        
         | Mainan_Tagonist wrote:
         | Well, for the soviet equivalent to James Bond, look no further
         | than Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov, better known as Max Von
         | Stierlitz.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stierlitz
        
           | orbital-decay wrote:
           | Stierlitz is a typical noir character, entirely different
           | from Bond. The entire premise of the James Bond series and of
           | course Bond's lifestyle were completely incompatible with the
           | ideology, so no real equivalent was possible.
        
         | calimoro78 wrote:
         | Can you share some examples of Soviet SF? Should be quite
         | exciting.
        
           | throw1234651234 wrote:
           | "It's Hard to be God"
        
           | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
           | For specifically Soviet look for Ivan Yefremov, "The Bull's
           | Hour". Other interesting authors could be Genrich Altov and
           | Sever Gansovsky.
        
           | pigscantfly wrote:
           | "The Dead Mountaineer's Inn" is a fairly unique sci-fi noir
           | also from the Strugatsky brothers that was my first
           | introduction to their work. It interested me enough that I
           | read all their other books afterwards -- worth checking out!
           | 
           | 1. https://www.npr.org/2015/03/19/392634682/mountaineer-is-a-
           | mu...
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | Err, that's just a regular detective novel, no SF elements
             | at all, you must be mistaken (nudge nudge)
        
           | tetris11 wrote:
           | Arkady and Boris Strugatsky were pretty prolific during this
           | time (often writing in secret, and reciting their works only
           | to trusted friends).
           | 
           | "The Doomed City" is one of the best pieces of philosophical
           | scifi I've ever read:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Doomed_City
        
             | er4hn wrote:
             | The Doomed City is a bad example since it was specifically
             | released in a post-soviet era. It had very direct
             | criticisms of communism which lead to the authors deciding
             | to not release it during the soviet era they wrote it.
             | 
             | "Hard to be a God", mentioned below, is a better example.
             | Soviet era Sci-Fi where Star Trek esque space communists
             | try to uplift a medieval society into modern political
             | belief before establishing official first contact.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | The Doomed City is _way_ deeper than  "criticisms of
               | communism".
               | 
               | People literally wake up in The Doomed City when the
               | pandemic has started in 2020, for example.
        
           | AdamH12113 wrote:
           | "Roadside Picnic" is a well-known novel that was the basis
           | for the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series of video games.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadside_Picnic
        
             | narrator wrote:
             | Roadside picnic is so ridiculously melancholy. Everyone in
             | that book is so depressed! I also don't think I've ever
             | seen so much smoking and drinking in a sci-fi book. You
             | could tell the brothers were really not enjoying communism.
        
               | devindotcom wrote:
               | Now watch the film adaptation, Stalker - even more
               | depressing!
        
             | UtopiaPunk wrote:
             | I read Roadside Picnic a few months ago, and yeah, it's
             | very good stuff. While there's a lot to be said for the
             | context in which it was written, I think it also holds up
             | on its own even if you're not very familiar with the
             | history.
        
       | 1shot37291007 wrote:
       | > "Stories often touch on topics like space travel, benevolent
       | robots, disease-curing nanobots, and deep-sea exploration. They
       | lack aliens and beings with superpowers. Instead, the real
       | superheroes are the exceptional North Korean scientists and
       | technologists who carry the weight of the world on their
       | shoulders."
       | 
       | Here is an interesting symmetry as reflected by ideological
       | mirrors. In NK, the state sanctioned imaginal worlds lack others
       | that are superior, and superheroes are loyal technocrats. Here in
       | the West, "market driven" Hollywood insists superheroes are
       | distinct tiny subset of humanity and that it is to our benefit
       | that they are hidden but highly organized. And no, you can't just
       | become one of the special superheroes. Both are aiming to pacify
       | the target society.
        
         | mcpackieh wrote:
         | > _And no, you can 't just become one of the special
         | superheroes. Both are aiming to pacify the target society._
         | 
         | Worse: You aren't such a superhero, but by random chance you
         | might be chosen to become one and you are invited to imagine
         | yourself in that situation. Any common person who might want to
         | limit your hypothetical powers is an awful bigot and many of
         | the stories revolve around tension between those with powers
         | who would oppress the plebs vs those with powers who wish to
         | benevolently rule over the plebs (but certainly not cede their
         | power to them.) Also, when the superheroes abuse their position
         | and power it's okay when they're motivated by good intentions,
         | because the ends justify the means and they'll surely revert
         | back to being good once the crisis is over. Power doesn't
         | corrupt everybody who gets it, you can trust the good
         | superheroes with their unchecked power.
         | 
         | All of this mirrors the way Americans are encouraged to think
         | about the ultra-rich, encouraged to believe they might randomly
         | join the ranks of the ultra rich one day. Encouraged to believe
         | that they could be a good and benevolent billionaire, and that
         | the plebs who would limit their wealth are harmful bigots.
         | Taught to believe that the meaningful conflict is between the
         | good billionaires who would benevolently rule, opposed to the
         | bad ones who can only be kept in check by the good ones.
        
           | c_crank wrote:
           | Reality: Americans have not been ruled by the superhero-like
           | ultra rich for decades, and are starting to notice that
           | little is improving and much is getting worse.
        
           | darkmarmot wrote:
           | Better: shows like "The Boys" at least provide a gruesome
           | window into "realistic" superhero behavior in a corporate
           | hellscape.
        
             | Mainan_Tagonist wrote:
             | And The Watchmen long before that
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | > And no, you can't just become one of the special superheroes.
         | 
         | Two of the most iconic superheroes, Batman and Iron Man, are
         | normal human beings who became superheroes from hard work.
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | "Normal" human beings, as in, the rich scions of super-genius
           | hyper-capitalists who have a functionally unlimited amount of
           | inherited capital to fall back on as they create their own
           | super-hero enterprises.
        
           | jborean93 wrote:
           | Luckily they both didn't have rich parents in charge of large
           | companies. Not saying they didn't work hard but they
           | certainly had help financially that unfortunately normal
           | people probably don't have.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | And with Batman, a healthy chunk of inheritance.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Fortunately, the 'West' is larger than just Hollywood.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | The difference that makes that much less logical being that in
         | the West the government is not determining what people can
         | watch, they're watching what they enjoy.
        
           | mcpackieh wrote:
           | Western writers (usually) aren't taking direct orders from
           | the government, but that doesn't mean they're impartial
           | weather vanes that reveal currents in society but never try
           | to manipulate (or fabricate) those social currents as they
           | see fit.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | And yet that doesn't support these conspiracies you and
             | thread OP want to believe in.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | _Op-Ed: Why does the Pentagon give a helping hand to
               | films like 'Top Gun'?_
               | 
               | https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-05-30/top-gun-
               | mav...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theaters_of_War
               | 
               |  _Pay No Attention to the G-Man Behind the Curtain_
               | 
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/membership/archive/2018/03/pa
               | y-n...
               | 
               |  _In the '90s the U.S. Government Paid TV Networks to
               | Weave "Anti-Drug" Messaging Into Their Plot Lines. Here
               | Are the Worst Examples._
               | 
               | https://www.columnblog.com/p/in-the-90s-the-us-
               | government-pa...
               | 
               |  _Education Dept. paid commentator to promote law_
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20100722051019/http://www.usa
               | tod...
               | 
               | https://www.gao.gov/products/b-305368
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | What conspiracies are you talking about?
               | 
               | You should read _Manufacturing Consent_ by Noam Chompsky.
               | Most of what seems to be a conspiracy in western media is
               | not actually organized as a conspiracy, but is emergent
               | behavior in a system in which individual actors have
               | aligned incentives. Acting individually without
               | coordination, people hire and promote people who think
               | like them, and ape then adopt the beliefs of their
               | superiors.
               | 
               | I said _usually_ western writers don 't take direct
               | orders from the government because sometimes they do, and
               | this isn't even a secret. Hollywood lets the US military
               | rewrite movies whenever they want access to military
               | hardware and facilities. And during wartime, the US
               | government employs writers to produce propaganda.
               | Superhero comics in particular have their roots in overt
               | war propaganda.
        
               | smolder wrote:
               | Chompsky makes a biting critique of the US military-
               | industrial complex. It's a great book that I recommend
               | everyone sink their teeth into at some point.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | The conspiracies being your attempt to argue that the
               | superhero movie fad is some absurd attempt at making
               | billionaires look good.
               | 
               | If you look for a conspiracy in everything, you're going
               | to find it in everything. Entertainment is generally just
               | entertainment and this sort of overanalysis of things to
               | push an agenda has been part of what has made so much of
               | modern entertainment so cookie cutter.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | I just told you it's not a conspiracy, you're tilting at
               | windmills.
               | 
               | I have not proposed a conspiracy to create movies like
               | this, I don't think there's a cabal of billionaires who
               | dreamed up and coordinate this as a deliberate propaganda
               | campaign. I assert that the Hollywood system creates
               | movies like this because because of the way it is
               | structured and the nature of making movies. People who
               | fit the mold and are naturally inclined to make movies
               | like this get promoted and given opportunities by like-
               | minded people. People who don't jive with the crowd never
               | have the opportunity to make movies of their own, because
               | making movies (particularly blockbusters) requires access
               | to a system with lots of capital and manpower.
               | 
               | I'm not the one looking for conspiracies. You're looking
               | for a conspiracy in what I'm saying so that you can
               | dismiss it. Read _Manufacturing Consent._
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | I'm calling it a conspiracy not because I think you're
               | saying there's a cabal of billionaires doing this. I get
               | that you're trying to pull the popular claim these days
               | about things being "systemic".
               | 
               | My fundamental disagreement is that I don't care about
               | what an obviously biased guy has to say about the media,
               | I think a superhero movie is just a superhero movie and
               | that of course Chomsky sees propaganda in everything,
               | it'd be like expecting a politician anywhere in the world
               | to not try to imply that all things wrong in the world
               | are their opponent's fault.
               | 
               | To bring in a lighthearted example of the impression I
               | have, regarding the sexualized outfit worn by characters
               | in Nier Automata, there's been tons of analysis and
               | whining, and mocking all that and to the satisfaction of
               | most fans of the game, the author, when asked about the
               | decision, pretended to be giving some complex reasoning
               | before just straight up saying that he just likes girls.
               | 
               | It's the same with superhero stuff, the biggest takeaway
               | from Iron Man isn't that irl billionaires are good guys,
               | it's that an exoskeleton that can fly and shoot lasers is
               | really fucking cool.
        
               | johnnyworker wrote:
               | > My fundamental disagreement is that I don't care about
               | what an obviously biased guy has to say about the media
               | 
               | That's not disagreement, that's just covering your ears
               | and going la la la. You're barking up the wrong tree,
               | that book is a good primer for you to find out how, if
               | you don't read it you're still barking up the wrong tree.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | "Everyone who doesn't read my favorite book is just
               | ignorant and not allowed to disagree" is not the argument
               | you think it is.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | "Everybody who disagrees with me is a conspiracy
               | theorist, even if they explicit say there is no
               | conspiracy. Also they're biased but of course I'm not."
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | It's literally not a conspiracy, you clearly want to
               | substitute what I'm saying with your own strawman. I'm
               | through, go talk to yourself in a mirror.
        
               | philistine wrote:
               | It's not complicated: are superheroes movies made to make
               | billionaires look good?
               | 
               | Yes, indirectly.
               | 
               | Is the government the one dictating that?
               | 
               | Absolutely not.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Asserting something does not make it true.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Yeah but just with literally everything else in life,
               | everything is way more complex than first glance
               | suggests, interconnected and if you actually care to dig
               | deeper, you find interesting stuff. Nobody sane argues
               | western Illuminati is steering and manipulating
               | everything and everybody towards desired future, yet mass
               | media manipulation is extremely common practice, ie mr
               | Murdoch and similar folks have significant powers.
               | 
               | Also lets not forget that CIA was very active in
               | Hollywood for many decades with light and not so light
               | touches here and there, I mean its _the_ propaganda tool
               | for US hegemony and spreading western view on society,
               | values,  'american dream' etc. If you want to shoot say
               | an action movie with real US planes landing on real
               | aircraft carriers, US navy will have non-trivial impact
               | on your movie and its story (so most end up as over-
               | patriotic to the point of being unwatchable for many non-
               | US viewers).
               | 
               | Its all natural and logical, all humans like to see or
               | hear stories that make us feel good even if its not
               | proper truth, much more than stories telling some ugly
               | hard truths.
        
               | norman_roman wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
           | sdsd wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | You're too absorbed in your own cynicisim to see the
             | obvious.
             | 
             | There is hundreds of thousands of hours of all sorts of
             | content added to the internet every day from all over the
             | world.
             | 
             | Western governments have nowhere near the sort of control
             | over what their people can see to pull off anything
             | anywhere near comparable to NK's attempts at controlling
             | their people's entertainment.
        
               | c_crank wrote:
               | The whims of the morally aggressive Western elite
               | substitute for heavy handed regulation from top down.
               | Although recent moves have been made to try and institute
               | a CCP style bureau of misinformation even in America.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | While I agree that social media is way too aggressive
               | with moral policing of content, I can still trivially
               | watch any of the morally reprehensible stuff that would
               | be banned from there.
        
             | havelhovel wrote:
             | I guess I'm also pretty naive then. Got any examples of the
             | US government dictating what people can watch through
             | censorship on par with North Korea or even China?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | You watch from what's available.
        
             | havelhovel wrote:
             | And in the West what's available is the product of people
             | making what they want to make with relatively few
             | restrictions.
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | That is not categorically true. There is a great diversity of
         | superhero origins. Some are allegories for minorities (X Men),
         | some are not secretive at all and a regular part of society,
         | sometimes it turns out that the organisation is not to our
         | benefit, sometimes they are just plain evil. Still others are
         | secretive but not organized
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | Jules Verne is fun to read in this regard because the people
         | who organized to go to the moon in "From Earth To The Moon"
         | were simply part of a gun club that chose to fund the effort
         | privately, not the government. It reflects how people had a
         | different relationship with the government in the 19th century.
         | 
         | Before the income tax, people like Rockefeller would just bail
         | companies out during panics from their personal bank accounts,
         | much to the consternation of bankers like J.P Morgan. Private
         | individuals were massively more economically powerful and
         | that's were people looked for progress. Only Elon Musk comes
         | close to this level of economic power in the modern era,
         | especially because he is a hands on industrialist and not a
         | financier, but there were probably a few hundred who had that
         | level of influence back then and they were mostly
         | industrialists.
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | While Elon is the only one with the _intuition_ to bail out a
           | company as large as Twitter, there probably are a few dozen
           | Rockefeller CEOs of various SV /tech-adjacent companies that
           | can and do use their power to command acquisitions of medium
           | size startups that have promising tech but suffer from issues
           | of cash flow or business strategy.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | > Before the income tax, people like Rockefeller would just
           | bail companies out during panics from their personal bank
           | accounts, much to the consternation of bankers like J.P
           | Morgan.
           | 
           | To my understanding it was Morgan and not Rockefeller who
           | engaged in these kinds of bailouts.
        
             | atdrummond wrote:
             | I think OP's point was that JP Morgan wanted to see that
             | role supplanted by the government, even if he was forced to
             | sometimes play guarantor himself.
        
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