[HN Gopher] The Albanian town that TikTok emptied
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       The Albanian town that TikTok emptied
        
       Author : hardmaru
       Score  : 62 points
       Date   : 2023-08-26 11:26 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.codastory.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.codastory.com)
        
       | techwiz137 wrote:
       | The curse of Eastern Europe, to die and empty out. It's the same
       | in my country. Life in the UK and Germany > at home.
       | 
       | And it's an exponential process, for every 1 person, 5 probably
       | leave. My hometown was nearly 100k in the 80s, down to 50k if
       | that by now. And it's mostly elderly, children, who grow up, go
       | to the capital or just immigrate.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | I really would not say it applies to whole Eastern Europe.
         | 
         | Baltics, Poland, Slovakia, Czechia, Romania and many other
         | places are developing fine and less and less people are
         | emigrating.
         | 
         | And the picture definitely is nowhere near as depressing as
         | Albania and this region in particular.
        
           | betaby wrote:
           | Baltics lost and continuing losing population for decades,
           | however currently their population is propped by migration
           | from Belarus (since August 2020 and then next waive after Feb
           | 2022). Even with those trend Lithuania has lost 1/3 of its
           | population in 30 years. Czechia and Poland has a influx of
           | Ukrainians since Feb 2022. On other side Bulgaria is losing
           | ~1% annually without signs of stopping. So yes, I would say
           | the trend is very visible everywhere in Eastern Europe +
           | Balkans.
        
         | aa1234556 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | These are the growing pangs of globalization.
         | 
         | Abandoned cities will be everywhere over the next century.
         | Especially after the population collapse in Asia.
        
           | e-master wrote:
           | My personal experience is quite the opposite - globalization
           | allows capital to move to the lesser developed and cheaper
           | places, bringing jobs and education, and over time an
           | improved quality of life, so that people who were before
           | desperate to leave no longer feel it's necessary. Sure, it's
           | not as simple, but just wanted to mention it, since it's not
           | as straightforward as it seems.
           | 
           | On a slightly related note, I'd rather point the finger at
           | urbanization - in my short lifetime I've witnessed multiple
           | small villages (1.5 - 2k population) pretty much disappear as
           | the younger generation moved out for multiple different
           | reasons.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | The abandonment of rural areas and the mess that left
             | behind were the seeds to populism growing in my part of the
             | world (US). It was an unforeseen aspect of winner-take-all
             | globalism-driven economic growth.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | Curious why you think that is. I understand that a higher
         | standard of living can be had abroad, but there is there not
         | investment interest in the country given its relatively well-
         | educated but low wage workforce? The tug of wanting the
         | familiar? Think it'll ever equilibrate and reverse?
        
       | raincom wrote:
       | Europe's Cocaine Tsunami[0], a documentary by VICE, is about
       | Albanian Mafia and Columbian clan del gulfo. Here, you can hear
       | about how Albanians in UK are 'enslaved' by Albanian mafia
       | families, and how many young Albanians from Northern Albania
       | leave to work in the cocaine field.
       | 
       | [0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTOwZxRT5Qc
        
       | bluescrn wrote:
       | Yet we're repeatedly told that every single migrant entering the
       | UK illegally is a desparate refugee fleeing war or persecution?
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Political talking heads spew hyperbole. Don't characterize any
         | side of any issue with it.
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | > fleeing war or persecution
         | 
         | Q: Is there much war or persecution in France at present?
        
           | Glawen wrote:
           | Did you mean Germany, Austria or Italy?
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > Did you mean Germany, Austria or Italy?
             | 
             | Talking about irregular migration, it's significantly
             | harder to enter the UK directly from either Germany,
             | Austria or Italy. Air carriers check passports and visas
             | (indeed BA pulled a relative of mine this morning at a
             | London airport for what the airline termed a "visa check"
             | during an attempt to check in online).
             | 
             | Paying a people smuggler to take you across the Channel
             | from France to the UK would appear to be significantly
             | simpler. The UK government publishes detailed statistics on
             | irregular migration routes, and for the last few years
             | small boats represent by far largest proportion of
             | irregular migration arrivals, not air.[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/irregular-
             | migration...
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | If you are being told that you are following the wrong sources.
        
           | laputan_machine wrote:
           | > In 2022, around 16,000 Albanian citizens applied for asylum
           | in the UK, making up 16% of all asylum applicants.
           | 
           | https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/commentaries.
           | ..
           | 
           | What's that?
           | 
           | Let's be real, there is no reason for any country to be
           | granting Albanian citizens asylum. There isn't a genocide
           | going on, it's a (relatively) free country:
           | 
           | https://www.equaldex.com/region/albania
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > there is no reason for any country to be granting
             | Albanian citizens asylum
             | 
             | ...and most European countries don't.
             | 
             | Q: Why does the UK?
        
           | throwaway751 wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | TheGigaChad wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | illwrks wrote:
       | As sad as it is, it's no different from any country at any other
       | point in time. In the past it was letters, postcards, phone
       | calls, now it's just tictok AND youtube, facebook etc.
       | 
       | Even in the UK the young move from less prosperous areas to more
       | prosperous ones.
       | 
       | Globally, people need to be educated on the reality of what's
       | behind the camera not the illusion portrayed in front of it.
        
         | WeylandYutani wrote:
         | I saw a program once about Dutch people emigrating to Australia
         | in the 1950s. They made a good life for themselves but they
         | weren't welcomed with champagne and caviar when they came off
         | the boat.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Social media's sheer reach and algorithmic targeting makes it
         | way more lethal than postcards.
        
           | illwrks wrote:
           | 100%. It's pure exploitation/manipulation of the gullible,
           | ill-informed and uneducated.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jmrm wrote:
         | Totally true. In Spain happened the same in the from the 50s to
         | the 70s with thousands of people emigrating to France, Germany,
         | and other European countries, talking about how well they could
         | live and how they can eat every day, but excluding how they
         | live in mass in barracks away from local people, and how most
         | of local people made an effort to avoid them to integrate (like
         | making them go out of bars and buses).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Mere mortals have no chance against the AI algorithms optimized
       | for engagement.
        
       | assbuttbuttass wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents._ "
         | 
         | " _Please don 't use Hacker News for political or ideological
         | battle. It tramples curiosity._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | aa1234556 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | noah_buddy wrote:
         | The fall of communism was one of the largest drops in quality
         | of life and lifespan ever recorded, IIRC.
        
           | resolutebat wrote:
           | Only temporarily. Every Eastern European country, including
           | Albania, now has much higher life expectancy than it did
           | during the communist era.
           | 
           | https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ALB/albania/life-
           | expec...
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | I'm not sure I'd trust that site. Its information on the
             | United States is in direct contrast to the CDC's own
             | numbers.
             | 
             | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2022
             | /...
             | 
             | It also doesn't reflect changes in life expectancy during
             | COVID, showing a consistent 0.08% increase every year.
             | Seems less statistics and more projections.
        
           | bequanna wrote:
           | I think you mean: the collapse of a superpower nation caused
           | a temporary drop, the sharp rise in quality of life.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | To add a bit of context for those not too well versed in
           | Eastern European history (from someone with a Croatian
           | background): Back in the real-sozialist/communist era, the
           | people didn't have much rights (especially not those that
           | were against the dictators), but in exchange at least the
           | government took somewhat of a care of providing everyone with
           | a life worth living (notable exception: the remote areas of
           | Russia that have historically served only as a supply for
           | young men to grind in Russian wars) - it's not unlike the
           | societal reality currently in China. The nation blocks,
           | either the Soviet Union or the "non aligned movement",
           | supported each other and distributed workload to make sure
           | everyone (both in terms of nations as well as people) could
           | make a living - even if that was often far less efficient
           | than Western countries, because the Communist nations
           | prioritized jobs for their people over having machines do
           | these jobs.
           | 
           | Then, Communism fell... corrupt entities took over many of
           | the countries, only looking to enrich themselves, and as the
           | international solidarity system failed against "cheaper"
           | products there was no hope to keep the often horribly
           | outdated factories alive, and at the same time Western
           | societies hungry for more labor force (and way more
           | attractive currencies) began to "brain drain" the former
           | Communist countries.
           | 
           | Today, the people may have rights on paper, but in practice
           | they're worthless (either due to corruption or because the
           | state is too poor), and society is crumbling apart from
           | decades of looting and corrupt elites on one side and young
           | generations moving abroad because they can't see any way that
           | their country escapes the death spiral. Many people struggle
           | with survival every day. So yes, in conclusion it's warranted
           | to say that the fall of Communism led to a massive drop in
           | quality of life.
           | 
           | TikTok and the "gangsta" life style are just the cherries on
           | the cake.
        
             | soared wrote:
             | > society is crumbling ... many people struggle with
             | survival every day
             | 
             | What locations are you talking about? Even from the article
             | above in a remote poor town in Albania that sounds pretty
             | bad, their society is definitely not crumbling and while
             | poor, not struggling to survive every day.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Even from the article above in a remote poor town in
               | Albania that sounds pretty bad, their society is
               | definitely not crumbling and while poor, not struggling
               | to survive every day.
               | 
               | Albania's average wage is about 600-700 USD per month
               | depending on whom you ask. Croatia's is a bit higher,
               | around 1100... but the prices even for everyday staple
               | foods are higher than in Germany. It's all shiny and nice
               | in the tourism areas, but outside of them life can suck
               | pretty hard.
        
             | supazek wrote:
             | You really skipped over that "didn't have rights" part. How
             | many people were in Gulag? And you think there was no
             | corruption in the ruling communist class? Corruption is a
             | feature of any political organization and should be
             | stopped, but money was just as much a motivator for the
             | communists as it is for the capitalists. The only
             | difference is that it wasn't available to the working class
             | so they weren't incentivized to produce or invent.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > And you think there was no corruption in the ruling
               | communist class?
               | 
               | Real-socialism/communism failed for good reasons and
               | deservedly. I shed no tears for that period.
               | 
               | My point is that what came after tended to be _even
               | worse_ - the post-downfall period, the breakdown of
               | intra- and inter-block trade, the looting by criminals
               | and corrupt (former) elites and other destruction and the
               | resulting brain drain had consequences that have held or
               | taken the affected countries back in development for
               | _decades_.
               | 
               | Of course the elites were corrupt. But there was a marked
               | difference in corruption when there still was some sort
               | of government that held them a bit accountable, or when
               | the government essentially vanished and the criminals
               | _became_ the government. Russia is the easiest example
               | (because it 's best documented, information on the
               | Balkans is pretty scarce): Your average Russian "elite"
               | back in the USSR era, he maybe had a couple villas and
               | Western cars, that's it. Your average Russian "oligarch"
               | (or to put it better, kleptocrat) today? Buys a soccer
               | club for billions of euros, has multiple luxury yachts
               | and stashed away many billions of dollars more. Hell, the
               | billionaire Russian oligarchs alone have a net worth of
               | over 500 billion dollars [1] _despite_ the war, and that
               | doesn 't include the millionaire mini-oligarchs. Imagine
               | where Russia would be, had that wealth remained in the
               | hands of the nation, and its leaders invested it into
               | education, social cohesion and modern industry?!
               | 
               | [1] https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/russian-
               | billionaires-...
        
               | wddkcs wrote:
               | People love to pretend that it wasn't the Soviets
               | themselves that ended the USSR.
        
           | marcusverus wrote:
           | This is hilarious. The reality is that the fall of communism
           | led to a total crash... in the proportion of humanity living
           | in absolute poverty. With the vast majority of the gains
           | coming from formerly communist countries.
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | I'd like to see a source for that. I don't really see how it
           | could compare to WW2 or the Three Kingdoms War or Taiping
           | Rebellion or Great Chinese Famine or Black Death or either
           | the Justinian or Antoine plagues.
        
             | goodbyesf wrote:
             | In comparison to ww2, the fall of the soviet union was
             | worse than ww2.
             | 
             | https://www.rferl.org/a/life-expectancy-cis-
             | report/24946030....
             | 
             | To put it into perspective, after ww2, the russian
             | population recovered in a few years. The russian population
             | today is still below their 1990 levels. In terms of
             | population, life expectancy, quality of life, etc, ww2 (as
             | horrible as it was ) was an insignificant blip. The fall of
             | the soviet union has been a generational catastrophe for
             | russia. A funk they seem unable to get out of
             | demographically, economically, politically, etc.
             | 
             | https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/RUS/russia/population
             | 
             | In the US, our population has grown 50% since 1990 ( almost
             | 150 more people ). The russian population has dropped 5%
             | since 1990. After ww2, russia had major population growth
             | like the US. After germany and japan lost ww2, their
             | population, economy, etc improved drastically. For some
             | reason, losing a hot war ( japan, germany ) turned out to
             | be much better than losing a cold war ( russia ).
             | 
             | Think about it, we are nearly 2 generations into the post-
             | soviet world and russia still hasn't recovered their
             | population. After ww2, russia almost doubled their
             | population in 2 generations. Losing the cold war appears to
             | have demoralized the russian elite and people far more than
             | losing ww2 did to germany and japan. Why? Who knows.
        
               | 542458 wrote:
               | I disagree on how you scoped the discussion on the fall
               | of communism. Why are we scoping down to just Russia? If
               | you scoped broader to include the other post-Soviet
               | counties you'd include all the countries where life
               | expectancy has significantly increased since then.
               | 
               | There's also the matter of scoping WW2: I would argue
               | that WW2's direct effects on thousands of millions of
               | people deserve more weight than the fall of communism,
               | which affected hundreds of millions. If we don't take
               | this type of scoping into effect I could claim that one
               | person's cancer diagnosis was a worse quality of life
               | drop than WW2, and the discussion gets a little absurd.
        
           | wddkcs wrote:
           | Worse than the fall of the Roman empire, the decades of black
           | plague, and ancient cataclysms that wiped out entire nations?
           | Wow
        
             | wiseowise wrote:
             | > one of the
        
               | wddkcs wrote:
               | It was lost in the sarcasm, but I was trying to emphasize
               | the disparity. The fall of communism wasn't close in loss
               | of life or resulting affects to any of those of hundreds
               | of other events.
               | 
               | What's more, how many people did Soviet 'communism'
               | itself crush? What was the life span of a Ukrainian
               | farmer in Soviet Russia? Did that go up after the fall of
               | communism? I can't see any decrease in quality that can
               | be directly and singularly tied to the fall of the USSR,
               | except for perhaps the dictators at the top of the heap.
               | Arguably, those same class of dictators are responsible
               | for repressing quality of life even after the
               | dissolution.
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | USSR collapse was disastrous whether you agree with it or
               | not.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts
               | 
               | And on top of that go over what every post soviet
               | republic went through after USSR collapsed. Those
               | countries were under dysfunctional system for 70 years
               | and suddenly they're being thrown in a 180 turn economy
               | without any institutions. Also keep in mind that majority
               | of republics were left on their own and had to become
               | satellites of Russia if they wanted to survive.
        
               | wddkcs wrote:
               | How do all of those conflicts compare to the 61 million
               | people killed during the halycion days of the USSR?
               | 
               | https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/USSR.CHAP.1.HTM#:~:text
               | =In....
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | So your plan is to force people to stay in places like Kukes
         | for some stupid reason, when clearly they'd like to leave at
         | the first opportunity?
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | So it was the fault of free markets giving these men what they
         | wanted, and not the prior mode of government's and ossified
         | tradition's inability to deliver that way of life?
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | Its almost as if complex social and economic systems aren't
         | magic and you can't just yell 'capitalism' and turn into the
         | Belgium. Its almost as if just talking about complex social and
         | economic system as a binary isn't a smart thing to do.
        
           | JBiserkov wrote:
           | Yeah, to turn it into Belgium, first you have to enslave and
           | genocide people in Africa.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_S.
           | ..
        
             | user3939382 wrote:
             | Only mainstream whitewashed political opinions are welcome
             | on HN, anything too gritty and your text slowly vanishes
             | from the page. Please refer to CNN and the US State Dept
             | for acceptable political takes.
        
               | supazek wrote:
               | HN is exceptionally left-leaning. The only reason posts
               | like that get downvoted is because it signals some kind
               | of moral posturing that is completely irrelevant/unearned
               | and exceptionally negative. It also comes across as lazy
               | when people try to discuss some nuanced topic and a
               | poster just blankets the conversation with the same old
               | cliched anti-imperialist anti-"West" rhetoric while
               | adding nothing of substance other than a wiki link. It's
               | senseless. Go drill some wells in Africa if you want to
               | help, your lazy "advocacy" is just annoying when spouted
               | at people who don't hold any responsibility for those
               | events and frankly don't care.
        
               | user3939382 wrote:
               | OPs point was completely valid.
               | 
               | > same old cliched anti-imperialist anti-"West" rhetoric
               | while adding nothing of substance > lazy advocacy
               | 
               | This characterization you're making is what's wrong. It's
               | definitely arguable that Belgium enjoys the prosperity it
               | does today because of centuries of economic exploitation
               | of other countries.
               | 
               | You may disagree, but the behavior of HN both in its
               | programming and users to erase valid opinions like this
               | is ridiculous.
               | 
               | > HN is exceptionally left-leaning
               | 
               | You're criticizing GP as making blanket statements (his
               | statement was accurate) while making a blanket statement
               | that's inaccurate. There are political trends on HN but
               | they don't necessarily fit neatly into left/right,
               | especially given that defining those terms is extremely
               | problematic in the first place.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | > There are political trends on HN but they don't
               | necessarily fit neatly into left/right, especially given
               | that defining those terms is extremely problematic in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | That's because politics has two axises. HN is definitely
               | left-leaning, but in support of social democracy. Hacker
               | News is first and foremost populated by /hackers/ and we
               | don't go for authoritarianism. We know that as left-
               | leaning as we are, the only good tankie is a dead tankie.
               | 
               | Some ideas are well worth discussing but never
               | implementing, authleft schools of thought definitely fall
               | in that bucket.
        
               | user3939382 wrote:
               | > HN is definitely left-leaning
               | 
               | As I was saying, defining "left" is problematic,
               | different people mean different things by that term. To
               | me, left means anti-establishment, anti-censorship, pro
               | free speech, anti war. I see tons of people on here
               | defending censorship of social media ("they're private
               | corporations"), pro Ukraine war. I see much less defense
               | of the women's rights movement on HN than I traditionally
               | associate with the left. I mean the comment I just
               | responded to is a perfect example -- the guy is tearing
               | someone down for pointing out imperialism from the
               | Belgian government. "HN leans left" isn't something you
               | can substantiate in my view.
        
           | ryukoposting wrote:
           | You're replying to a user named "assbuttbuttass."
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | Agreed. The account should be banned
        
         | e4e5 wrote:
         | You propose returning to communism because they had less
         | freedom of movement and didn't have any choice tommovd
         | somewhere in search of a better life?
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | You are confusing cause and effect. They left because Communism
         | ruined the economy and collapsed.
         | 
         | Capitalism is what is starting to drive some people back into
         | eastern Europe now.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure these people had it better under communism as
           | the article points out the place was much more liveable.
        
             | wiseowise wrote:
             | Ah yeah, famous "it was better under communism" until the
             | unsustainable system collapsed.
        
       | joshe wrote:
       | Nice that social media is providing a clear pathway out of towns
       | like this. Sad for the people left behind but the answer is for
       | them to leave, not for everyone to be trapped there. And note the
       | Eastern Europe is doing great at the country level.
       | 
       | In general people should engage in more geographic mobility.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Did you even read the article?
         | 
         | It points at how miserable virtually all Albanians that get
         | baited into traveling to UK have it
        
           | joshe wrote:
           | I did read it, this was a counterpoint. The article is lying.
           | A small minority had a bad time, they did nothing like a
           | comprehensive counting of everyone who left.
           | 
           | Remember that a greater number of people who stayed would
           | have died as miserable alcoholics. Women are still beaten by
           | their husbands in small towns. Boredom leads to drugs.
           | 
           | Even in the US suicides are 50% higher per capita in rural vs
           | urban areas.
           | 
           | If someone is happy in a rural area they should stay. But if
           | they aren't and they get up the gumption to leave who are you
           | to sit in judgement of how stupid they are?
           | 
           | It is better to move out of towns like this. Better !=
           | perfect.
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | Right, but did you miss the part where these young men are
         | being forced to work for criminal gangs and the girls are most
         | likely in the sex trade?
         | 
         | They're also abusing the asylum process to get to stay in the
         | UK. It's a massive problem.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | There are always some people who stay, and always some of the
         | children of the people who left will return to revitalize the
         | area.
         | 
         | It takes one or two generations for that secondary effect of
         | revitalization but it happens as children and grandchildren of
         | those who emigrated want to return to their culture and find
         | land prices very low.
         | 
         | I've seen it in rural China, India, and Italy before that. Even
         | Russia had a large number of emigrant's (or their children)
         | return during the economic book in the 2000's. Potion ruined
         | that, and many have since left again, but it demonstrates the
         | effect.
         | 
         | Eastern Europe will be the same.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Get misled by a TikTok "influencer" and go join a street gang
         | or be forced into prostitution in other parts of Europe? I
         | wouldn't call that "escaping" anything.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | I was just reading an article about an agency that rents out
       | fancy penthouse suites, supercars and private jets _by the hour_
       | to social media  "influencers" who want to promote their baller
       | lifestyles and amass a following. I see posts of this kind in my
       | feed every day even though I have no interest in such content or
       | the people behind it. It is a wild industry. 100% smoke and
       | mirrors, yet teenagers and young men and women around the world
       | are hooked by it.
       | 
       | People going to college and getting jobs nowadays are "NPCs", and
       | the only true way to live is to go on luxury vacations and drive
       | fancy cars full time. How do you afford it? By becoming an
       | influencer yourself, of course.
       | 
       | The "hustle culture" pyramid scheme is going to collapse soon,
       | and lots of young people are going to have a rough life because
       | of it.
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | Wait a second, are you saying that "accidentally" torching
         | Ferrari F8's, is a culture that won't last?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXi-CV--Wq0
        
         | woleium wrote:
         | Sadly it's all getting rather Douglas Adams.
         | 
         | Maybe Elon can send them all to Mars, along with the telephone
         | sanitation technicians.
        
       | soared wrote:
       | I would like to read another article on this with perspectives
       | from Albanian. I don't doubt that gangs/etc are taking advantage
       | of immigrants, but the language used to describe innocuous things
       | (rather than "growing cannabis" it's "adding chemicals" etc)
       | feels like they've exaggerated on points.
       | 
       | Additionally, though clearly unfair - 1-2 years of labor with pay
       | seems like a reasonable trade off for the rest of your life to be
       | significantly improved? Making immigration legal or at least
       | legitizming parts of it even if the immigration remains illegal
       | seems like it'd be a huge step.
        
       | OfSanguineFire wrote:
       | People will read this article and draw possibly misleading
       | conclusions about the entire country. Emigration is certainly a
       | problem everywhere in Albania, but northeastern Albania where the
       | town in question is located, is a special case. It has always
       | been, for centuries, the poorest, most backward part of the
       | country, unable to benefit from trade and intellectual exchange
       | with more prosperous neighbors like other regions of Albania
       | could. Even within the country people were moving en masse from
       | there to Shkoder near the coast, or Tirana.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-26 23:01 UTC)