[HN Gopher] Chandrayaan-3 Soft-landing [video]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Chandrayaan-3 Soft-landing [video]
        
       Author : osivertsson
       Score  : 1533 points
       Date   : 2023-08-23 10:30 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.isro.gov.in)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.isro.gov.in)
        
       | TuringNYC wrote:
       | Firstly - congratulations to the whole team on this achievement
       | 
       | I'm also curious
       | 
       | - Why the south pole of the moon? does it have an added
       | significance vs other locations on the moon?
       | 
       | - Is a landing on the south pole more difficult to achieve? Seems
       | so according to this article:
       | https://www.reuters.com/science/why-are-space-agencies-racin...
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | Possible water which would be a giant resource for a permanent
         | presence.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_south_pole
         | 
         | > It is of special interest to scientists because of the
         | occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around
         | it. The lunar south pole region features craters that are
         | unique in that the near-constant sunlight does not reach their
         | interior. Such craters are cold traps that contain a fossil
         | record of hydrogen, water ice, and other volatiles dating from
         | the early Solar System
        
           | actuator wrote:
           | I believe Chandrayaan 1 has detected water, but not sure if
           | it was the first one to do so
        
             | abhayhegde wrote:
             | The definitive discovery of Moon water came from
             | Chandrayaan-1 which carried with it a NASA-provided science
             | instrument called the Moon Mineralogical Mapper--M3 for
             | short--that observed how the surface absorbed infrared
             | light. Using this data, M3 determined that previously
             | suspected water molecules were ice inside the Moon's polar
             | craters [0].
             | 
             | However, the first direct evidence of water vapor near the
             | Moon was obtained by the Apollo 14 in 1971 [0]. A series of
             | bursts of water vapor ions were observed by the instrument
             | mass spectrometer at the lunar surface near the Apollo 14
             | landing site.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.planetary.org/articles/water-on-the-moon-
             | guide
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_water
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | NASA LCROSS confirmed it before the Indian mission (which
               | NASA instruments also on the Indian mission confirmed
               | first). After NASA confirmed, Indian officials came out
               | with their own announcement
        
           | pavon wrote:
           | Chandrayaan 3 landed at around 69 degrees south latitude
           | which isn't far enough south to access the permanently
           | shadowed craters where large ice deposits might occur (and
           | the Pragyan rover uses solar panels for power).
           | 
           | I haven't read specific reasons for choosing that site, but
           | we have never landed that far south, and it will be
           | interesting to see what differences (if any) there are from
           | the more central latitudes, which is a good enough reason on
           | its own.
        
             | Tagbert wrote:
             | It may be due to communications problems if a lander came
             | down in one of those shadowed craters. We would not be able
             | to communicate with it. it would probably require relay
             | satellites around the moon to mediate that communication.
        
         | ganteth wrote:
         | Moon undergoes extreme temperature fluctuations from day to
         | night, resulting in boil off. There are spots on the South Pole
         | that never see sunlight, so it's our best bet for finding large
         | deposits of water (as ice).
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | The ice would also be pretty close to the Moon's peaks of
           | eternal light[1] where you don't have to have your solar
           | panels spend half of every month in darkness. So basically
           | where you'd want to live on the Moon if you had to pick
           | somewhere.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_of_eternal_light
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | Isn't that also related to why the Lunar Gateway (the
             | proposed space station component of the current Artemis
             | project at Nasa) was proposed to be in a lunar polar orbit?
        
               | szundi wrote:
               | You can easily reach every spot froma polar orbit as the
               | moon rotates under your orbit
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | It's 69deg south, so it's not so much the south pole as the
         | polar region. For reference, the major landmass of Antarctica
         | starts around that point on Earth. McMurdo Station is at around
         | 78deg South.
        
       | edpichler wrote:
       | This is such a difficult achievement. And they did it spending
       | USD 75 Million, almost 2x less the costs of production of the
       | Interestelar movie.
       | 
       | Very well done, India. Respect!
        
         | mattigames wrote:
         | It made much less on profits than Interstellar tho.
        
           | pests wrote:
           | Ah yes, the same way USPS is unprofitable.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | It went so cleanly it almost made an impression of being easy.
       | Congrats!
        
       | fractalb wrote:
       | Congratulations to all the engineers and technicians involved.
       | Looking forward to some interesting findings by the rover.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | They started streaming ... how many minutes now until the landing
       | is expected?
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | The woman answered my question -- 18 minutes until powered
         | descent begins.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | Am I mistaken or do they have an onboard view in the command
       | center, but are not showing us?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | They are showing it sometimes, with a camera pointed at that
         | screen - the one to the left of the big numbers with
         | velocities. There's also a simulated view that shows the
         | surface (the second big screen from the left).
        
       | underdeserver wrote:
       | The applause for the successful landing starts at 44:50 (take a
       | few seconds' buffer).
        
       | kpandit wrote:
       | I was trying to find the schedule for the rover including on
       | ISRO's website[1], but the closest I could find was this[2] and
       | this[3] that suggest the rover will be rolled out in the next few
       | hours or may be tomorrow and it has a life expectancy of one
       | lunar day(14 earth days). Anyone knows if it will be streamed as
       | well?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html
       | 
       | [2] https://www.thehindu.com/sci-
       | tech/science/chandrayaan-3-miss...
       | 
       | [3] https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/23/science/india-
       | moon-l...
        
       | mercurialsolo wrote:
       | Any space mission is fairly complex no matter the agency private
       | or public.
       | 
       | For me the most interesting part to watch personally was the
       | telemetry. What's the latency involved here, do they have agency
       | in terms of manual overrides and intervention in case things go
       | wrong?
       | 
       | What does RTT look like, are there more efficient encoding of
       | data to allow minimal information?
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | There is a latency issue, not a throughput issue
        
         | 0xffff2 wrote:
         | Latency is dominated by speed of light delays, which are about
         | 2.5 seconds round trip. Encoding is generally more concerned
         | with data integrity than data minimization.
         | 
         | I'm not sure about the details of this mission and whether the
         | Indians have negotiated usage of the Deep Space Network, but
         | with the large antennas of the DSN multi megabit rates are
         | quite achievable.
        
       | mirchiseth wrote:
       | It will be cool to send a buddy drone with these landers. A
       | minute or so before the touch down, detach from lander and shoot
       | the landing. Then go back and attach with lander for charging and
       | do periodic flights.
        
       | hunglee2 wrote:
       | fantastic to see India space program. More countries in space,
       | the better
        
         | piyushpr134 wrote:
         | India has a space program since 70s. It has a sent moon
         | missions thrice now, one mars mission and has an upcoming sun
         | probe too. It has a polar orbit launch vehicle which has one of
         | the safest record in the world. Cost wise, it is pretty
         | effective for satellite launched
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | I saw the onboard camera show movement after the celebrations
       | started. Did anyone else see this?
       | 
       | The onboard has not been shown since.
        
         | dirkc wrote:
         | This happens a lot to me in KSP, the lander tends to slide all
         | the way to the bottom of the slope. Most of the time it's okay,
         | just need to tweak the dampeners on the landing legs a bit ;)
         | 
         | EDIT: I went to re-watch the moment on youtube and it does seem
         | like the lander moves slightly to the left!
        
         | shivdeepak wrote:
         | That's probably because the image data being larger than the
         | on-board sensor data would take longer to reach earth, thus the
         | latency.
        
           | the-dude wrote:
           | Obviously I am not a golfer, but I would have waited until
           | the onboard stabilized, sensors be damned.
        
             | goku12 wrote:
             | The sensor data is a reliable low-entropy indicator. The
             | engines are probably cutoff based on the same data (most
             | probably a set of load sensors on the legs). If the data
             | indicates that the engine has cutoff, the craft is
             | stationary and if the data is still streaming, then it's a
             | pretty good indicator that it worked as expected. I would
             | trust it more than the video - especially when the video is
             | lagging heavily.
             | 
             | PS: I have worked extensively on something related. Video
             | is good to have and helps in post-flight analysis. However,
             | it can also mislead sometimes. Sensor data gives you a much
             | clearer initial picture.
        
       | CAvanessians wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | btbuildem wrote:
       | The moment of landing:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dim8elzo5vE
       | 
       | When I look at this, it seems it's a long-range optical feed of
       | the moon surface with lander graphics laid over it. Has anyone
       | found footage of the actual craft touching down? It would be
       | amazing to see.
        
         | haolez wrote:
         | On the dark side of the moon?
        
           | btbuildem wrote:
           | Not sure if you're joking.. but there's light on the dark
           | side of the Moon, it's just called that because it's never
           | visible from Earth.
           | 
           | I assumed the craft that brought the lander into orbit would
           | have some sort of visual tracking, but maybe the distances
           | involved make that impossible and all we get is telemetry + a
           | rendering to visualize it.
        
             | 14 wrote:
             | I am hoping that the lander has some ultra high definition
             | video but because of bandwidth we haven't seen it yet but
             | as soon as the upload to earth is complete I am hoping we
             | get a much higher resolution video of this landing.
        
             | haolez wrote:
             | I was thinking more about a recorder positioned on earth or
             | on orbit, but I forgot about the main stage of the ship
             | that deploys the probe and should have visibility of the
             | dark side.
        
         | kimbler wrote:
         | Hopefully they can leave behind a camera to film the next
         | arrivals.
        
       | steno132 wrote:
       | An embarrassing day for America.
       | 
       | The country that first visited the Moon should have explored the
       | lunar south pole decades ago. Then the dark side of the moon.
       | Then a manned colony.
       | 
       | Instead we are beaten by a foreign nation to the south pole. And
       | our next project is a manned landing on the moon, which we
       | already accomplished in the 1960s.
        
         | nrb wrote:
         | Great to see other countries making accomplishments in space, I
         | don't see a cause for embarrassment when we're driving rovers
         | and helicopters around on Mars.
        
         | poyu wrote:
         | Doesn't it just all comes down to money? The US just doesn't
         | focus on that anymore. Which is a shame, I guess.
        
         | kpandit wrote:
         | We are doing now what you did half a century ago. How exactly
         | is that embarrassing for you?
        
           | steno132 wrote:
           | The US should have been to the first to the lunar south pole,
           | not a foreign country.
        
             | nrb wrote:
             | "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the
             | Moon July 1969, A.D. We came in peace for all mankind"
             | 
             | To the moon, we're all foreigners.
        
               | steno132 wrote:
               | Humans don't view things from a moon perspective, they
               | view things from a human perspective.
               | 
               | Space races are real, it's each country for itself, and
               | it's a zero sum game. And today's not a good day.
        
       | seatac76 wrote:
       | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-mak...
       | good read on the entire thing.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | for the 2023 season: India 1, Russia 0
        
       | simion314 wrote:
       | Server seems to be busy.
        
         | pratio wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLA_64yz8Ss
        
           | simion314 wrote:
           | thx
        
       | srivmutk wrote:
       | Momentous day not just for India, but also for humanity.
        
       | XorNot wrote:
       | Looking forward to this. The Moon has been on a role eating
       | landers and space probes lately.
        
         | goku12 wrote:
         | > The Moon has been on a role eating landers and space probes
         | lately.
         | 
         | The complexity of landing on the moon is somewhere between that
         | of launching a spacecraft and that of a self-driving car. It's
         | sad that so many landers were lost - it would have been
         | heartbreaking for those who built them. But I hope that they
         | attempt it again and perfect this complex task.
        
       | bobosha wrote:
       | congrats ISRO and India for this great achievement.
        
       | psychphysic wrote:
       | Congratulations India! And everyone.
       | 
       | Actually congratulations to all countries still running space
       | programmes including Russia's failure.
       | 
       | The more the merrier.
       | 
       | This is a stupendously difficult thing to do, India is truly a
       | superpower.
        
         | hh3k0 wrote:
         | > Actually congratulations to all countries still running space
         | programmes including Russia's failure.
         | 
         | No. Russia can get fucked.
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | When you whole Internet personality is being obnoxious... I'm
           | sorry you're the way you're. But do you really think you
           | contribute something to discussion with your comment?
        
             | jgilias wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Agreed, Russia shouldn't get a pass just because "space"
               | given all the ways they have shown total disregard for
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | Their war set back many international cooperations,
               | they've destroyed Ukraine's space industry, they stole
               | satellites, launches for which had been paid for, only to
               | turn around and put absurd conditions to launch them, and
               | under Rogozin they showed blatant disregard for NASAs
               | attempts to keep the ISS cooperation neutral.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | In science and exploration the only losers are the ones who
         | don't try to begin with.
        
         | darkclouds wrote:
         | Here Here.
         | 
         | It also ironic that a country and population seen as backwards
         | by the British Empire have overtaken the British in landing on
         | the moon.
         | 
         | Would be nice to see the African and South American continent
         | achieve a moon landing as well.
        
           | parthdesai wrote:
           | Just wait till BBC decides to throw a fit about it again
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Note Britain is the third-largest contributor to the European
           | Space Agency, and has a fairly large space industry
           | (satellites, instruments etc).
           | 
           | (The Beagle 2 lander which crashed into Mars in 2004 was
           | managed from Britain.)
        
             | darkclouds wrote:
             | Stevenage produces tiny satellites, but as long as prices
             | are jacked up, anyone can claim its a big industry. Mr
             | Pillinger is a lovely bloke, but firing a giant zorb ball
             | onto a distance planet or moon, isnt exactly rocket science
             | is it?
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | Apologies for the OT, but it's "hear hear", not "here here"
           | [0].
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hear,_hear
        
             | darkclouds wrote:
             | My hearing is gone, I forgot about it.
        
           | yumraj wrote:
           | > It also ironic that a country and population seen as
           | backwards by the British Empire have overtaken the British in
           | landing on the moon.
           | 
           | This is not the moment to go there, but still since we're on
           | the topic, current leaders of Britain (Prime Minister),
           | Ireland (Taoiseach) and Scotland (First Minister) are all of
           | Indian-Subcontinent origin. Britain and Ireland have leaders
           | of Indian origin, while Scotland has of Pakistani origin.
        
             | darkclouds wrote:
             | I think its good, but they are poisoned chalice jobs and
             | smacks of virtue signalling.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | Sunak and Yousaf are both Punjabi, Sunak's family was from
             | Gujranwala region in Pakistani Punjab before partition and
             | Yousaf's is from Khanewal in Pakistani Punjab as well, plus
             | both are the children of East African Indians who moved to
             | the UK during the mass expulsion of South Asians in the
             | 1960s and 70s (Freddie Mercury is also part of that
             | community as well, though ethnically Parsi Gujarati). Also,
             | they both attended elite Grammar Schools, so they were
             | within the same Old Boys network.
             | 
             | They're much closer culturally than Varadkar who's dad's
             | side of the family is from Konkan region (the coastal
             | region stretching from Goa to Mumbai/Bombay)
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | There's a novel Artemis by Andy Weir where Africa became the
           | place to launch transports to the Moon. I'd happy for them if
           | they managed to turn things around.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | Streaming YouTube link https://www.youtube.com/live/DLA_64yz8Ss
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | Seems like it's in Hindi. Any links for the anglophones?
        
           | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
           | It's a dual-language telecast. The commentators alternate
           | between Hindi and English, keep watching.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | Ah, I see. Thanks!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | shivekkhurana wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLA_64yz8Ss
           | 
           | This is in English
        
             | achow wrote:
             | They are alternatively doing in two languages - Hindi and
             | then in English.
        
             | saagarjha wrote:
             | That's the same link.
        
             | abhinavk wrote:
             | They both are the same links.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tarunupaday wrote:
         | I think they switch between english and hindi every 5 minutes
         | or so.
        
       | robofanatic wrote:
       | Great achievement! Space is incredibly hard as they say. Hope
       | ISRO continues with this momentum and achieves more success in
       | its future missions!
        
       | reaperducer wrote:
       | One of the clocks is labeled "IST," which I assume means India
       | Standard Time.
       | 
       | Another clocks are labeled "GHY," "HAW," and "BIK." What do they
       | indicate?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Goonhilly, Hawaii, but I can't figure out BIK. They're NASA and
         | ESA tracking stations: https://www.eoportal.org/other-space-
         | activities/estrack,
         | https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/how-is...
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | If the other 2 are NASA and ESA the other BIK is probably a
           | Russian one.
        
             | varshar wrote:
             | Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | Nice catch. It's definitely Baikonur.
        
           | mendigou wrote:
           | It's a station from DLR in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: https://www.d
           | lr.de/eoc/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-5287/102...
        
           | jhalstead wrote:
           | I'm not very familiar with this source [0], but it states
           | "ESA was providing support to the Chandrayaan-3 mission from
           | three of its ground stations located in Kourou (French
           | Guiana), Goonhilly (United Kingdom), and New Norcia (Western
           | Australia)." Although BIK doesn't obviously map to any of
           | those.
           | 
           | [0] http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/chandrayaan-3-euro
           | pea....
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | Fwiw the esa time is the same as Amsterdam Time (cest, get
           | +2)
        
         | jvm___ wrote:
         | GHY is probably https://www.goonhilly.org/
         | 
         | So, likely the current time at the location of the radio
         | antennas they're using to communicate with the lander.
        
       | cyberbolt23 wrote:
       | Soft-landing.... hope so.
        
       | darthrupert wrote:
       | Well done to everyone involved!
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | Ok dumb question. In the video starting at 13:15, that's an
       | animation right?
        
         | wheelerof4te wrote:
         | Yes. They didn't have a live feed from any cameras, as far as I
         | can tell.
        
       | drones wrote:
       | Currently in a live server with others watching and it's a lot of
       | fun. I happen to know many people working in the space industry,
       | and a lot of great engineers come from India. Very happy and
       | excited for India and its people. Goodluck!
       | 
       | edit: lets goo!!!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | kumarvvr wrote:
       | As an Indian, I feel elated to show one more feather in Indias
       | cap, as an inspiration to my son.
        
       | kaycey2022 wrote:
       | Yeah!! Let's go!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | skynetv2 wrote:
       | Despite all the sour comments trying to find fault and criticize,
       | this is a remarkable achievement, especially on the heels of the
       | failed Chandrayaan-2 mission. Congrats to the team!!! Just 4
       | years to recover from the failure and achieve a phenomenal
       | success. India just keeps executing despite what others may say.
       | 
       | The team deserves even more praise to be able to achieve these
       | wins with limited resources.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | luminati wrote:
         | re: "Just 4 years to recover" This mission was originally
         | slated for 2021 but COVID ended up delaying it.
        
           | mathgeek wrote:
           | Which to some makes it even more impressive.
        
         | kensai wrote:
         | And a very inexpensive/frugal attempt for that matter! It has
         | been a miracle of cost effectiveness. This is a wonder on its
         | own.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | >It has been a miracle of cost effectiveness. This is a
           | wonder on its own.
           | 
           | India has the third highest global GDP by PPP. This is
           | incredibly powerful when you invest in your citizens
           | education the way they have, as the cost of anything like
           | this ends up coming down to skilled labor prices. Their
           | number one competitive advantage at this point is human
           | capital.
        
           | tempnow987 wrote:
           | Really the true wonder! Compare this to the US's SLS plans!
           | The budget is mindboggling.
        
             | zitterbewegung wrote:
             | Yea, back originally when the SLS was on the drawing board
             | to be made it was supposed to be the safest ROI and it
             | hasn't even been launched successfully yet .
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | It had a successful mission back in November:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_1
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | To be fair, the spending is SLS's primary mission, the
             | snakes pushing for it couldn't actually care less about how
             | often it flies or how useful it is.
        
           | elevaet wrote:
           | What was the budget, and how does it compare to similar
           | projects?
        
             | Joe_Cool wrote:
             | According to Wikipedia they estimated US$90 Million in July
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan-3#Funding
        
       | abhayhegde wrote:
       | Especially impressive when taken into account that ISRO couldn't
       | achieve the soft-landing with Chandrayaan-2 four years ago.
       | 
       | One of the big things they changed with this lander compared to
       | Chandrayaan-2 was to increase the landing zone from 500mx500m to
       | 4000mx4000m and adding more sensors and cameras to help the
       | computer find a good landing site.
       | 
       | For those who didn't watch live, there was another hover phase (0
       | m/s descent) at 150m above the lunar surface before final commit.
        
         | sound1 wrote:
         | Very well explained
        
         | RheingoldRiver wrote:
         | > was to increase the landing zone from 500mx500m to
         | 4000mx4000m
         | 
         | Can you elaborate on this? Presumably it could land...anywhere
         | on the moon, so what exactly does it mean to increase the
         | landing zone? What determines where it can or can't land?
        
           | pests wrote:
           | There is a target area we want to land in order to
           | investigate certain terrain or other POI's near the target.
           | 
           | It obviously can't land on mountains and certain rocky or
           | steep terrain. They know its limitations. These limitations
           | determine where it can or can't land.
           | 
           | During target selection they will find an adaquet place on
           | the surface that meets the criteria.
           | 
           | By increasing from 500m^2 to 4000m^2 they need to find a
           | larger area that meets those same needs.
           | 
           | This also helps during the actual landing. It can aim
           | anywhere inside that 4000m^2 area instead of being limited to
           | just a 500m^2 area.
        
             | RheingoldRiver wrote:
             | oh I see, so it's not that they picked the same center and
             | said "oh btw now you can land in a larger circle around it"
             | but rather they picked a different site altogether? that
             | makes a lot more sense, thanks
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | The whole hover and look around thing was super impressive to
         | me. That choice to spend mass on fuel for such maneuvers vs
         | science instruments seems to always go to science in NASA
         | debates and we end up with "either it will land here, or it
         | will die." :-)
         | 
         | Great outcome and I look forward to the pictures sent back by
         | the rover!
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | A very large number of missions to other planets have failed
           | because they crashed on the planet. Thus anyone who is
           | serious about getting a mission to a different planet will
           | put a lot of effort into the landing system. The fuel burn is
           | cheap compared to a crash landing on the moon (as Russia just
           | had a couple days ago). The above is even at NASA, they have
           | done a lot of complex landing systems over the years.
           | 
           | Most missions have several different scientific systems on
           | board. If any one fails well the others still make the
           | mission a partial success. If the landing system fails they
           | all become a failure.
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Just checking in here, did you find something in my writing
             | that suggested I was being disparaging or dismissive of
             | what an awesome accomplishment this is? If so would love to
             | know how you got there so that I could be more clear in the
             | future.
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | Does anybody know if we will be watching a simulation or actual
       | footage?
       | 
       | I am asking because the livestream of the last failed moonlanding
       | this year didn't feature _a single second_ of footage. None.
        
         | caeruleus wrote:
         | It was mentioned they were receiving footage continuously. I
         | think when all monitors are shown, in the middle you can
         | discern pictures being rendered.
         | 
         | Edit: They called this out now, it seems those are live
         | pictures.
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | This one has onboard cameras and there are curated videos from
         | other phases of flight at the OP link.
        
           | the-dude wrote:
           | Thank you, I missed that.
        
         | NKosmatos wrote:
         | The lander external view is simulation, but they have a camera
         | (Lander Imager Display) looking downwards that is transmitting
         | live photos every couple of seconds (center, top right on the
         | main screen).
        
           | suyash wrote:
           | Though it's disappointing to see simulation, it makes sense
           | as there is no external vehicle to capture the live video and
           | stream it. The lander cameras are showing realistic video
           | though.
           | 
           | In principle, it should be clearly stated which is real and
           | which is sim.
        
         | jvm___ wrote:
         | Why won't the people landing on the moon cater to _me_?
        
           | _visgean wrote:
           | but seriously why would they not? If they have something nice
           | to show of why not? This is publicly paid project (by indian
           | tax payers) that is political in its nature. Why not show as
           | much as possible?
        
         | fractalb wrote:
         | It's simulation for sure. Would there be sunlight to view it
         | live?
        
           | ethbr1 wrote:
           | Yes. For solar panel purposes they're landing in the lunar
           | day (14 Earth days?).
           | 
           |  _Edit:_ At the start of a lunar day, which equals 28 Earth
           | days. (Source: BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-
           | india-66576580 )
        
         | vivegi wrote:
         | There's no footage from the last one as the lander crash-landed
         | on the surface of the moon.
         | 
         | NASA reported locating the Vikram Lander's debris in Dec 2019:
         | https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/vikram-lande...
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | Definitely no footage, at most maybe a picture if it lands
         | successfully.
         | 
         | The only footage we have of any spacecraft landing anywhere
         | other than Earth is either from Apollo or the Perseverance
         | skycrane deployment. If they do have footage, it'll be like the
         | latter, retrieved after the fact.
        
           | lionkor wrote:
           | Thats not accurate, there is "footage" of other spacecraft,
           | such as the first soviet venus lander or so
        
       | deidei wrote:
       | Congrats to the team at ISRO!
       | 
       | It makes me wonder, what is it that ISRO does differently than
       | most other government agencies in India that makes them so
       | efficient.
        
       | adrr wrote:
       | This is awesome. Though one e strange this is having the PM
       | heavily featured in this broadcast with side by side shots.
        
       | jvm___ wrote:
       | Scott Manly has a video on why he thinks the last one failed. It
       | sounds like their landing software didn't have "oh crap, we're
       | way off course, just land wherever". It only had the happy path
       | of "fly to here and land", so when it switched to the landing
       | phase it tried valiently (including flying upside down) to try to
       | fly back to the landing zone, but the landing zone was much
       | further than fuel supplies allowed.
       | 
       | Hopefully they have upgraded software to just gracefully attempt
       | a landing, and hopefully they won't be off course.
        
         | publicola1990 wrote:
         | Also did they use image processing to guide the landing this
         | time? American and Chinese probes seems to use it to do the
         | final phase of soft landing.
        
           | perryizgr8 wrote:
           | They have to, don't they? There's no other way.
        
         | sumodm wrote:
         | Yes, this seems to be one of the issues. Here is a talk by ISRO
         | Chairman S Somanath at Indian Institute of Science (IISc) about
         | the same and what they added. He goes into details of what went
         | wrong. These are based on my limited understanding. One of the
         | thrusters had an issue and got activated for longer (or may be
         | activation profile of thrusters at its extreme's were different
         | from modeled). They had a narrow landing region selected as
         | final position (even one possible point). So now their control
         | system tried to correct this but the algorithm had a bug and
         | that caused it to be further delayed. At this point the
         | correction required, i.e; thrusters to be activated, was
         | outside the tolerance levels. So finally ended up with 50m/s
         | vertical speed.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ2sNRP1opY&t=1440s
         | 
         | With new one, they did couple of things. Larger area to be
         | selected for landing based on camera input. Escape sequence to
         | more achievable points, if something like this happens again.
         | They increased the tolerance from 10 degrees to 25 degrees and
         | guessing fixed the bug in code. They also did some smoothening
         | of the trajectory for different phases to make it more
         | continuous. I think they also made other changes in engines
         | among other things and a whole host of testing.
        
         | franky47 wrote:
         | So in Scott's words, a "fly safe" subroutine?
        
         | The_Colonel wrote:
         | Not considering such a basic error condition seems like a gross
         | omission.
         | 
         | This can't even come from the software engineering, but must be
         | some kind of managerial failure (e.g. we're short on time, but
         | have to report great progress to my boss, so skip this
         | scenario).
        
           | throwaway4220 wrote:
           | No that's a bit unfair. ISRO, Israel, and Japan all had
           | reasons for their failures that were mainly technical
        
           | sph wrote:
           | This is the software engineering version of "I am very
           | badass", passing judgement on software at the cutting edge of
           | science, while sitting at home writing React code.
        
             | icemelt8 wrote:
             | I am a React developer and I am in this picture and I don't
             | like it
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | In football journalism they call that Monday Morning
             | Quarterbacking.
        
               | RajT88 wrote:
               | In any kind of aggressive manly kind of story, especially
               | involving the military, they're "Keyboard Cowboys".
               | 
               | Or some new ones I've heard kicked around:
               | 
               | - Gravy Seals - 101st Chairborn - Chair Force pilots
               | 
               | ...And so on...
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | You're mixing up terms here. Gravy seals is an insult
               | term, used for typically out of shape people who are
               | heavy into gun/militia/i-am-very-badass type culture.
               | 
               | The latter two are just ribbing jokes about the Air
               | Force, from the other branches usually. My old (Army)
               | boss used to tell me to 'take off your air force gloves'
               | if he ever saw me with my hands in my pockets.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Not having served (but I did help out on Operation Code
               | for a couple years):
               | 
               | "Chair Force" does sound like something they would say
               | about armchair generals. No?
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | Absolutely. Just pointing out that one is strictly a
               | pejorative, while the others would likely be viewed as
               | 'someone in the airforce.' I think OP was wanting things
               | more of the former, like gravy seals, meal team six,
               | y'all queda, etc.
        
           | subtra3t wrote:
           | Writing code for something that flies into space is not
           | nearly as easy as you think it is. Perhaps the next time you
           | write a comment you could first develop the software which
           | you're complaining about first. I'm sure it would be a
           | trivial task for someone of your stature :)
        
             | The_Colonel wrote:
             | I'm not saying it is easy to handle. But this mode of
             | failure could be expected and prepared for. It's not that
             | uncommon that the spacecraft finds itself in a position
             | which was not calculated.
             | 
             | Or, are you saying that it's expected that the mission did
             | not count with this scenario, and that future missions
             | don't need to account for that either?
        
           | MPSimmons wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, how many space programs have you been
           | involved with?
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | It probably wasn't even the error. It could have been an
           | accumulation of error % on some unbounded input.
        
           | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
           | > seems like such a gross omission.
           | 
           | Almost all space mission code only _ever_ has the so-called
           | 'happy path'. We rely on extremely tight mechanical and
           | aerospace engineering tolerances to achieve that happy path.
           | 
           | The Hubble Space Telescope's primary mirror grinding was off
           | by a matter of micrometres, and resulted in blurry images.
           | 
           | Consider all the Mars rovers. Imagine some wind gust threw
           | the descending module off course, or a retro-rocket failed
           | because of vibrations.
           | 
           | Writing code for space missions isn't like writing a CRUD
           | app. Developers can't just teleport to a space probe millions
           | to billions of kilometres away to rectify errors and debug
           | running code on the fly.
           | 
           | For the record, the 'failure path' for Apollo 11 was to get
           | the US President to announce to the world that the two
           | astronauts would likely be marooned on the Moon. Apollo 13
           | very nearly failed, too.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | That can't still be the case these days, can it? Extremely
             | tight mechanical and engineering tolerances are very
             | expensive compared with merely 'very very' tight
             | tolerances, and I'd imagine the difference between the two
             | can be bridged with more intelligent software in place of
             | "gyroscope + clock + maybe PID loop"?
        
               | bregma wrote:
               | The classic hardware engineering response of "we'll just
               | fix it in software". Turns out fixing things in software
               | is even more expensive because it's just so easy to make
               | changes that a combinatoric number of changes sneak in.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Yeah, this reads like two people defining happy path
               | subtly differently: one is saying the happy path is
               | anything within acceptable strictly defined mission
               | parameters and tolerances, the other thinks it is the
               | sequence of steps that is expected to successfully
               | execute the mission without ever encountering an
               | exceptional situation (which is the conventional software
               | view of the term), but there are exceptional situations
               | which may be covered in the specification of the mission
               | and so "on the happy path".
               | 
               | In the case the system strays outside mission success
               | parameters then aborting could make sense. The question
               | there looks to be if the success parameters were defined
               | too narrowly - it sounds like an error in specification
               | that prioritizes landing in the required area over the
               | possibility of landing at all.
        
             | The_Colonel wrote:
             | When saying "we", do you mean you write code for the space
             | missions?
             | 
             | Writing only happy path code as a standard practice in the
             | space sector seems quite absurd. You won't ever achieve
             | absolute precision and errors do happen, yet it seems like
             | systems recover most of the time.
             | 
             | Recently, the antenna of Voyager 2 got misaligned, but it
             | is expected to recover from that. That was only the last
             | problem it encountered over its very long mission - and it
             | managed to recover from all of those so far!
        
               | abecedarius wrote:
               | There was a NASA project to start developing flight
               | software that's smarter in this kind of way, the Remote
               | Agent. It got an award after flying, but if they
               | continued that line of research I haven't heard about it.
               | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20000116204/downloads
               | /20...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | Trying to hand roll a super robust AI software usually
               | backfires. Emergency mode triggers right in the middle of
               | the happy path and ruins your uh, a day if you're lucky.
               | They know that, even I kinda know that.
        
               | jvm___ wrote:
               | Voyager 2 is already recovered, they waited until it was
               | at the best possible (but still wrong orientation) and
               | just yelled at it so that it heard, even with it being
               | misaligned.
        
               | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
               | Wow I can't believe I didn't hear about this. It was all
               | over the news when they broke it, so I figured it would
               | be just as widely reported when they fixed it. It's been
               | almost 3 weeks.
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | There was definitely a prominent NYTimes story when it
               | was fixed, that's how I heard about it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | That's probably why they haven't officially straight-up
           | announced the issue.
           | 
           | This wouldn't be the first time that a mission failed due to
           | embarrassing failures in basic software practices (eg
           | Starliner's initial software bugs emerging from a lack of
           | integrated testing).
           | 
           | Main difference is that you aren't triggering a billion
           | overly sensitive nationalistic folks when you point out
           | similar embarrassing errors in most other countries'
           | programs. Eg the time NASA lost a probe due to
           | miscommunicated units, the Apollo 1 disaster, the space
           | shuttle disasters, or the tape around the wiring in
           | Starliner, which was intended to be fire retardant actually
           | turning out to be flammable...
           | 
           | Hell, Japan's Hakuto-R also failed because the software's
           | error detection was buggy, and they openly admitted as much
           | without any bluster about how no one but other people with
           | experience writing code for space probes can criticize them.
        
             | mav3rick wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | > That's probably why they haven't officially straight-up
             | announced the issue.
             | 
             | What do you mean by "they haven't officially straight-up
             | announced the issue." ? They did so - _several_ times
             | actually.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Edit:nvm, I'm wrong, see below
               | 
               | They've given out vague explanations such as a software
               | glitch, while holding the detailed post-mortem back
               | claiming the obviously absurd excuse of national security
               | concerns.
               | 
               | This is counter to how they typically operate as well as
               | how most other agencies/companies around the world
               | operate these days, where they at least explain what went
               | wrong. eg Hakuto-R's team explaining that their flight
               | software thought the radar altimeter was malfunctioning
               | when it wasn't, causing it to rely on the IMU and thus it
               | thought the surface was much higher than it actually was.
        
               | lenkite wrote:
               | Might want to update your general knowledge. The ISRO
               | Chief explained this in an interview. It wasn't just
               | passed off as "software glitch" with no explanation.
               | 
               | Chairman S Somanath has given three main reasons that led
               | to the crash-landing of the Vikram lander on September 6,
               | 2019 just minutes before the touchdown.
               | 
               | The ISRO chairman said, "The primary issues were: One, we
               | had five engines which were used to reduce the velocity
               | (called retardation). These engines developed higher
               | thrust. When such a higher thrust was happening, the
               | errors on account of this differential were accumulated
               | over some period. All the errors accumulated, which was
               | slightly higher than what we expected.
               | 
               | When it (lander) started to turn very fast, its ability
               | to turn was limited by the software because we never
               | expected such high rates to come. This was the second
               | issue.
               | 
               | The third reason for failure was the small site of 500m x
               | 500m for landing of the lander."
               | 
               | Rectifying those mistakes this time, the Isro chairman
               | said, "This time we have kept an area of 4.2 km (along
               | the track) x 2.5 km (width) for the landing site. So, it
               | can land anywhere, so it doesn't limit you to target a
               | specific point."
               | 
               | Somanath said "instead of a success-based design, Isro
               | has this time opted for a failure-based design" and
               | focused on what all can fail and how to protect it and
               | ensure a successful landing.
               | 
               | "We looked at sensor failure, engine failure, algorithm
               | failure, calculation failure. So, there are different
               | failure scenarios calculated and programmed inside. We
               | did new test beds for simulation, which was not there
               | last time. This was to look at various failure
               | scenarios," he explained.
               | 
               | The ISRO chief said the Vikram now has additional solar
               | panels on other surfaces to ensure that it generates
               | power no matter how it lands.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Huh, I missed that, thanks for the info!
        
               | 8thcross wrote:
               | There was a JWST doc on netflix; that explained a NASA
               | technique for Points of failure strategy. ISRO may be
               | using similar.
        
           | antran22 wrote:
           | You are saying "gross omission" like this is some Python
           | script, like they are skipping the else clause for a
           | condition. Imagine trying to land a plane that is flying at
           | Mach 2, with no direct control, only a video feed with 4
           | seconds resolution, a bunch of sensors and a tank of fuel for
           | retrograde burn to slow you down. Can you even fathom the
           | number of scenarios that can happen. Your application may
           | have 1 happy path and 2 sad path. Here you get only 1 happy
           | path, a few not so happy path where your probe land sideway
           | or just roll down a crater; and the rest of them are every
           | other combinations of your probe's orientation and speed
           | vector and collision location.
           | 
           | Hell, you can run a few thousand simulators for every
           | scenario you can think of during descent, including lost of
           | burner, propellant leak, etc, and then during the actual
           | descent a chip get burnt because of a stray cosmic ray. There
           | will still be somebody on HN call you out for cutting corner.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jnsaff2 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | wayFuLtH wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | seatac76 wrote:
         | They also had an issue with the thrust gradient it could only
         | do it increments in 20% which was too much of a change this one
         | was finer which allowed for better control authority.
        
         | ansible wrote:
         | Link to the Scott Manley video - The Real Reason Why
         | Chandrayaan 2 Crashed on the Moon:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ngVl6iO94c
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | That's an example of failing to follow the "Aviate, Navigate,
         | Communicate" rule of thumb.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | Could you elaborate how that applies here? Communication is
           | out of the question - there's nothing the people on the
           | ground can correct. And the lander apparently failed because
           | it tried to navigate its way back to the designated landing
           | site.
        
             | vikingerik wrote:
             | Communicate wasn't the important part, but you got it in
             | your last sentence. It was trying to navigate over aviate -
             | trying to get to its designated landing spot too hard so
             | that it neglected/failed to stay airborne (spaceborne).
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | That's much clearer. Aviate > Navigate. Thanks!
        
             | dadadad100 wrote:
             | If you crashed trying to ensure your antenna was optimally
             | oriented then you chose "communicate" over "aviate". It's a
             | stretch, but the point is to clearly define your priorities
             | and stick to them, even in a panic
        
         | m0llusk wrote:
         | If anything they seem to have overcorrected for this. This
         | landing path stopped with a near hover at around 800m, then a
         | prolonged hover at 150m while the lander scoped the situation,
         | then an extremely slow descent that allowed for corrections the
         | whole way down. Very impressive.
        
           | morepork wrote:
           | If they have the fuel available, may as well be very
           | conservative. Either burn the fuel on descent or have it sit
           | in the tank forever on the lunar surface.
        
           | hoseja wrote:
           | Also incredibly inefficient.
        
             | fit2rule wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | What numerator and denominator are you using to calculate
             | the efficiency of an unmanned lunar soft landing mission?
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | It's a lot more efficient than having to send a fourth
             | rocket.
        
             | user_7832 wrote:
             | A lot of things in the world trade inefficiencies for
             | safety.
        
               | hoseja wrote:
               | I was surprised they had the propulsion budget for it.
        
               | devnonymous wrote:
               | Not only was the Chandrayaan 3 budget lesser than that of
               | Chandrayaan 2, as a meme doing the rounds point out, it
               | was lesser than the budgets of some Hollywood
               | blockbusters like Interstellar. So yeah, safe to say they
               | could have had the budget for more if necessary.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | I don't think they're referring to literal money, but
               | rather that the lander had enough fuel.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | "Fuel budget", "mass budget", "payload budget", even
               | "delta-v budget" are common terms in spaceflight and
               | refer to how much of a valuable thing a spacecraft can
               | carry given some pesky laws of physics [1], nothing to do
               | with money (except insofar as more money would let you
               | build a bigger spacecraft...)
               | 
               | [1] https://www.kallmorris.com/columns/tyranny-of-the-
               | rocket-equ...
        
               | ansible wrote:
               | It helps a lot that the Moon's gravity is about 1/6th of
               | Earth's.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | This is one reason why low cost and efficiency are just a
             | nice-to-have when it comes to to space exploration. Moreso
             | the farther you go. A unique mission like a lunar polar
             | landing should be conservatively engineered, where that is
             | possible, on the first try. Early optimization and space
             | exploration don't mix.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | First make it work, then make it right, last make it
             | efficient.
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | Yes, it was a very conservative landing trajectory. But it is
           | very, very difficult to get a hoverslam right the first time,
           | or the second, or the third...
           | 
           | I did like seeing the live images captured during descent, I
           | also hope those get made into a video and posted online.
           | 
           | Looking forward to the rover deployment too.
        
             | rst wrote:
             | This doesn't seem to have been a hoverslam, though -- the
             | probe was hovering at, I think, 150 meters for quite some
             | time, and then maintained a steady and slow rate of descent
             | while still under power.
        
               | ansible wrote:
               | Yes, Chandrayaan-3 definitely did not performance a
               | hoverslam, the landing was much more conservative than
               | that. With a hoverslam, everything has to go exactly
               | right. A valve that is slightly sticky can be enough to
               | wreak everything.
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | Incredibly Kerbal vibe. I think something like that happened to
         | me when using MechJeb. (it even has a "land whenever" feature,
         | which it was too late to use at that point)
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | That is just a testament to the incredible work of the Squad
           | team. The Indian landing is not similar to Kerbal, rather,
           | Kerbal is very very similar to the real experience. Amazing.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | This applies to general software development but is especially
         | true in this case
         | 
         | While we think "this cannot ever happen" in a lot of cases it
         | can, in ways you did not consider. Both for good and bad
        
           | pjmorris wrote:
           | I really ought to dig up a reference for this, but there are
           | strong echoes from the past here. Margaret Hamilton (who
           | coined the term 'software engineering' and can be seen
           | standing next to a tall pile of green bar printouts of the
           | Apollo software) brought her daughter to work one weekend
           | during the Apollo program and she (daughter) fiddled with the
           | buttons and caused an error condition. Hamilton, based on
           | this, argued that the software should account for the
           | possibility of mistakes. Management's view was that the
           | highly-trained astronauts wouldn't make mistakes. In time,
           | Hamilton prevailed, and was proven correct.
        
             | monitron wrote:
             | If you find a reference (or anyone does), please share.
             | This is too good a story not to be told widely.
             | 
             | Edit: here, at least, is a mention of the thing with her
             | daughter in a Google Blog article:
             | https://blog.google/products/maps/margaret-hamilton-
             | apollo-1...
        
           | extraduder_ire wrote:
           | The recent japanese lander had something like this happen a
           | while back. The altitude radar noticed a sudden 2km drop in
           | ground-level, and the system assumed it was broken and
           | stopped using that data.
           | 
           | Turns out it just flew over a cliff edge that actually does
           | that. Completely by accident.
        
             | jvm___ wrote:
             | They picked a new landing site late in the program and
             | didn't get the topography near that site, or run enough
             | combinations through the software in test.
        
           | oaktowner wrote:
           | While I worked at Google I once searched for "//this should
           | never happen" in the code base.
           | 
           | It was in there.
           | 
           | A lot.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | In general software development it's usually not a problem if
           | your program crashes, then you can fix the bug and run it
           | again. If the thing that crashes is a lunar lander however,
           | you should put a bit more effort into covering all the
           | eventualities...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | bakul wrote:
         | From a Guardian article: A Foreign Office spokesperson said:
         | "Since 2015 the UK has given no financial aid to the government
         | of India. Most of our funding now is focused on business
         | investments which help create new markets and jobs for the UK,
         | as well as India. UK investments are also helping tackle shared
         | challenges such as climate change."
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/mar/14/u...
        
         | uh2010 wrote:
         | 60m isn't quite enough. See
         | https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/12/19/how-britain-st...
        
         | vulcan01 wrote:
         | I tend to consider the aid as reparations for the massive
         | amounts of theft by the British East India Company and the
         | British Raj.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 0xcafecafe wrote:
         | The aid is not sent to the government but some chosen NGOs.
         | India has said aid is not needed:
         | 
         | https://icai.independent.gov.uk/html-version/uk-aid-to-
         | india....
        
           | b800h wrote:
           | Yes, I think they described it as 'peanuts'. It's in the form
           | of investment as well, but if they don't want it and we can't
           | afford it, it's odd that it carries on. I'm sure it's a
           | complex matter.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | I mean, we certainly can afford it, far more so than e.g.
             | PPE Medpro, but it's worth questioning what it's actually
             | for. Which will require more granularity than "India",
             | since it's not going to the Indian government.
        
       | bwb wrote:
       | Congrats to the team!!!
        
       | zabana wrote:
       | I wonder what else India could potentially achieve if they could
       | retain their top talent.
       | 
       | Congrats !
        
         | soligern wrote:
         | It's going to be very hard to brain drain a country of 1.4
         | billion people. That doesn't even take into account the massive
         | amount of money the diaspora sends back. The above is usually
         | an argument people make when they don't want to let immigrants
         | into their country.
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | Don't think of Brain Drain as a lose lose situation. Lot of
         | Indians who leave India contribute in many ways and in fact
         | bring tons of knowledge and skills from the global world back
         | to India (even if they don't live there physically). Not to
         | mention that amount of money that is exchanged by Non Resident
         | Indians (also known as NRIs).
         | 
         | It is good that Indians are able to go aboard and bring a
         | globalized knowledge back to India.
        
       | itissid wrote:
       | Congrats to all of the team at ISRO. Assuming the software
       | development for these is non trivial; Its interesting that with
       | the last mission(per Scott Manly) was designed to always select a
       | spot(or more precisely a trajectory) and try hit it.
       | 
       | What made them make that decision? Was it like "lets be as
       | precise as we can because we want to get to the spot X because X
       | is special" and thus "Lets let the software always compensate for
       | any errors to get to X". I am assuming that even at this point
       | they tested the software for extreme conditions. It is most
       | likely that once this assumption was made the Software was built
       | that way, i.e: "Lets test the Software can always correct for any
       | issues to get to X with feedback(like thrust)". It trades off
       | Safety for Accuracy(to hit X).
       | 
       | This time the idea was "Lets select a trajectory to X" but this
       | time "We will let the software prioritize safety(altitude, speed
       | and heading) to be within norm once we start descending _towards_
       | X ". And additionally "Not make any corrections if we are somehow
       | too far off X if it exceeds safety limits". It trades off
       | Accuracy(to hit X) for Safety.
        
         | gourabmi wrote:
         | If you understand Hindi, Gareeb Scientist has an amazing video
         | about the landing algorithm issues of Chandrayaan-2
         | https://youtu.be/4oUdD_QSgRs
        
           | mandeepj wrote:
           | > If you understand Hindi
           | 
           | Video has captions
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | The English captions are pretty decent too. :)
        
               | mandeepj wrote:
               | That's what I meant! I thought it was clear, at least to
               | me.
        
           | itake wrote:
           | Is there a TLDW?
        
             | ggop wrote:
             | IIUC, the salient points are: - target area was very small
             | (500m x 500m) for CY2. With CY3 they've made it bigger at
             | 4km x 4km, allows for larger margin of error.
             | 
             | - CY2 lander had limited leeway in fixing issues, by
             | design. CY3 has more and has landed itself, no assistance
             | from base.
             | 
             | - CY2 lander had limited time to fix itself, apparently it
             | was just a few seconds short of making it fine
        
         | kensai wrote:
         | Link to Manly's video?
        
           | cosmotron wrote:
           | Maybe this one: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hP0GbRNGMLk
        
           | mlni wrote:
           | Probably this one: https://youtu.be/2ngVl6iO94c
        
         | yencabulator wrote:
         | Complete wild-ass guess: safe landing spots are hard to find,
         | they knew X to be a larger region safe to land in (so small
         | errors wouldn't matter), and didn't at the time have the more
         | complex subsystem to find safe landing spots (!= X) on the fly
         | based on where the lander happens to go.
        
       | nothrowaways wrote:
       | What would happen if they found water?
        
         | robofanatic wrote:
         | That would be icing on the cake, but the real success was to
         | get there. It's a big step forward that'll help humanity, not
         | just India.
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | Nestle will buy SpaceX!!
        
         | hdesh wrote:
         | They might take a quick shower first. It was a long journey.
        
           | robofanatic wrote:
           | this joke would fly on reddit not here.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | taveras wrote:
       | This is incredible! Congratulations to everyone involved
        
       | mnemotronic wrote:
       | Congrats to all the engineers that made this possible. Practice
       | makes perfect. Space travel is hard.
        
       | merrvk wrote:
       | Amazing, congratulations to all involved. Great day for the
       | nation.
        
       | yett wrote:
       | Wow almost 4 million watching already
        
         | Ayesh wrote:
         | 5,8 million now. I have never seen _any_ live video with that
         | many views.
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | around 7.3 for the landing
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | Artistry121 wrote:
       | Interesting how close politicians are with anything related to
       | the moon. Nixon on TV as much as the astronauts in 69, Modi on TV
       | here. Both during massive consolidations of power towards the
       | leaders who also have major corruption scandals.
        
       | altroz wrote:
       | One step in science is leap forward for mankind
        
       | bofadeez wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | wiseowise wrote:
         | > Some may argue that such endeavors push technological
         | boundaries, inspire global scientific collaboration, and
         | prepare humanity for existential threats.
         | 
         | It is widely known, not "some may argue".
         | 
         | > However, considering the vast resources assigned for a
         | mission with no direct immediate benefits to Earth's current
         | problems, one could argue that our focus should be redirected
         | towards addressing environmental crises, poverty, and global
         | health challenges on Earth first
         | 
         | What makes you think we can't tackle both?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bofadeez wrote:
           | While I appreciate your engagement with the topic, I must
           | point out that the notion that we can 'tackle both' is a
           | dangerously simplistic perspective. The resources--both
           | financial and intellectual--that are poured into space
           | exploration are not infinite and come at the expense of
           | urgent, life-saving initiatives here on Earth. To say it's
           | 'widely known' only underscores the normalization of this
           | skewed prioritization. We're not living in a utopia where all
           | problems can be solved simultaneously; we're in a world where
           | choices have consequences. The urgency of our Earth-bound
           | crises doesn't afford us the luxury of romanticizing space
           | exploration as if it's without trade-offs.
        
             | password54321 wrote:
             | It is almost like some fields try to drive off as many
             | people as possible from lack of opportunity, to having
             | extreme requirements and being driven by politics.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | If you're looking for wasteful effort to direct elsewhere,
             | I suggest reducing the money spent on social media,
             | advertising, sport, movies and so on before space
             | exploration.
        
       | mdrzn wrote:
       | Successfully landed! Great job!
        
       | confuseddesi wrote:
       | It's landed! Congratulations to India on this great achievement!
        
         | illegalmemory wrote:
         | I can see little kids waving flags and celebrating in my
         | housing society! in 100s! Such a great feat and congratulations
        
         | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
         | Why such a long political speech and no views from onboard
         | camera?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hoseja wrote:
           | You can see the onboard camera view in the background
           | sometimes. And the only truly hard thing about this is
           | getting the political will for the funding, so.
        
             | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
             | Is it still updating? Was hard to tell. But just 30 seconds
             | of that would be great
        
               | hoseja wrote:
               | Actually not sure, the last image I caught didn't look
               | particularly "landed".
        
           | ape4 wrote:
           | So many words about "success" - how about some goodies?!
           | 
           | (To be clear, I am happy for India, just think it could be
           | presented better)
        
             | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
             | Right - they had a great camera running - let's enjoy a few
             | rolling frames of the same spot showing touchdown area and
             | systems working
        
           | shri_krishna wrote:
           | > Why such a long political speech
           | 
           | ISRO is primary arm of the Department of Space which is
           | headed by the Prime Minister. So in essence, the Prime
           | Minister is the boss. It is not an independent federal agency
           | like NASA.
        
             | factorialboy wrote:
             | If my understanding is correct, did the PM in his speech
             | promise to fund a future mission to Saturn?
        
               | shri_krishna wrote:
               | I am sorry I did not pay close attention to his speech.
               | But in the subsequent speech, I think the ISRO chief did
               | talk about a Venus Orbiter Mission.
        
               | shubhamkrm wrote:
               | IIRC, he mentioned missions to the Sun, Venus and a
               | manned space mission.
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | I really wish to see a lander mission to Venus. Doesn't
               | look like anybody other than Russia has done it - that
               | too nearly 40 years ago. The environment is so extreme
               | that the technology - especially electronics - would have
               | to be radically different. The data is also likely to be
               | extremely interesting.
        
               | basementcat wrote:
               | One of the probes from Pioneer Venus 2 (launched by NASA
               | in 1978) briefly sent back data after impacting the
               | surface of Venus.
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | That's an interesting outcome! Thanks!
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Because the whole endeavor was financed for its political
           | impact.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | They dont want us to see the little green UAPs that closely
           | monitor what we are doing :-)
        
           | jp42 wrote:
           | I absolutely agree that they should immediately release data
           | & images for more technically inclined section. However the
           | reason for speeches is entire nation is watching this event
           | across all age group, most of them don't understand technical
           | things, I would say even image of moon surface wont connect
           | to most of them. Basically speeches is the way to connect &
           | artists impression images. To give some example, people thing
           | entire rocket goes to moon, one of the politician was wishing
           | "passengers" on the spacecraft, reputed news channel claiming
           | "breaking new" that there wont be delay in landing as if we
           | can push breaks like in car or traffic on the way. So you get
           | the point, to connect to masses they are speaking in language
           | that everyone understand
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | Unfortunately all the national space agencies seem to suffer
           | from this. Both NASA and ESA also seem to think that people
           | are tuning in to watch the smarmy politician talk rather than
           | the robot making its way to space/landing on another body.
           | 
           | Had the same issue with JWST for example.
        
             | whoknowswhat11 wrote:
             | That was very memorable- grainy photos projected on a wall
             | while nasa admin (old white guy) briefed Biden? Jwst had a
             | pretty well planned out program for first images including
             | events and it just got crushed.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | I can imagine that this is a HN-bubble thing. Most people
             | would probably get bored from just seeing some live
             | footage.
        
               | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
               | SpaceX livestreams didn't get super popular for having a
               | politician on them. They got popular for showing exactly
               | what's happening with enthusiastic presenters narrating
               | it.
               | 
               | Most people find speeches and politicians boring. They
               | wanna see rockets flying, robots moving, etc.
        
               | rqtwteye wrote:
               | "enthusiastic presenters narrating it."
               | 
               | I seriously hate their narrators and all the cheering.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Last I heard, their narrators were regular SpaceX
               | employees with day jobs. So somewhat understandable they
               | have an emotional stake in mission success.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sph wrote:
               | That is condescending nonsense. Pretty much everybody
               | would prefer to see rocks from outer space than hearing
               | politicians congratulating themselves and the unity of
               | our country.
        
               | worldsayshi wrote:
               | Yeah it's more likely this is a case of wants of decision
               | makers being prioritized over wants of the audience. This
               | event is an avalanche of prestige. Of course politicians
               | want to soak it up.
        
               | sriku wrote:
               | Nope. Same reaction from a wide variety of people
               | including my wife who's not in tech and doesn't know what
               | HN or YCombinator are. She was like "let the team speak
               | already!"
        
               | ismayilzadan wrote:
               | You wife probably a highly educated person sharing
               | similar views in life like you
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | So what you're saying is you'd need to be an uneducated
               | imbecile to prefer politicians speaking to live space
               | footage.
               | 
               | I think you're selling uneducated imbeciles short; surely
               | even they prefer the space footage. Only the politicians
               | doing the speaking prefer themselves.
        
               | Eddygandr wrote:
               | SpaceX livestream much more mundane things with tens of
               | thousands of viewers
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | 10s of thousands. That has to be some kind of record.
        
               | Eddygandr wrote:
               | Not at all! Although some of them will be people like me
               | having it on the side monitor day dreaming while they
               | write CRUD :)
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | The first launch of SpaceX's Crew Dragon with astronauts
               | on-board holds the record for the most concurrent
               | internet viewers on a stream tracked by NASA at 10
               | million.
               | 
               | Of course if you drop the internet requirement, Apollo 11
               | still is by far the most live viewed at 600 million
               | viewers.
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | That makes sense for Apollo 11. I expect that one won't
               | be beat until we land people on Mars. I figured SpaceX
               | had some much bigger viewerships than 10's of thousands.
               | (I've watched several myself.) That number must have been
               | on the more (now) regular things like vertical landing
               | the same rocket for the Nth time! Thank you for the
               | update.
        
             | zapdrive wrote:
             | To his credit, Narendra Modi has increased ISRO's budget a
             | lot. Many years they have received more than promised! So
             | he kind of deserves to rake in the limelight.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | It's also because these agencies are reliant of politicians
             | and government institutions for funding. So there is a
             | balance between "showing what the public actually cares
             | about" and "keeping this guy happy so we can keep up
             | funding / congressional support / etc."
        
             | sirius87 wrote:
             | I believe the chairman of the space agency also used the
             | Prime Minister's mention of future projects to note it as
             | confirmation that those projects will indeed happen i.e. be
             | funded. That was pretty smart at @ 01:07:00 in the video.
             | 
             | So it's good to see it work both ways.
        
             | pyeri wrote:
             | On the other hand, political speeches on such occasions go
             | down as most remembered historically. The infamous quote
             | "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." was
             | obviously said by some politician! (or at least with non-
             | technical motives)
        
               | granularity wrote:
               | Here's the actual story about that quote: https://en.wiki
               | pedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong#First_Moon_walk
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | Also, "we're going to the moon not because it's easy, but
               | because it's hard"
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | The full version of that section is more amusing but
               | forgotten
               | 
               | >> _But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our
               | goal? And they may as well ask: why climb the highest
               | mountain? Why 35 years ago fly the Atlantic? Why does
               | Rice play Texas? We choose to go to the moon {applause}
               | We choose to go to the moon... {applause} We choose to go
               | to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not
               | because they are easy, but because they are hard --
               | because that goal will serve to organize and measure the
               | best of our energies and skills -- because that challenge
               | is one we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to
               | postpone, and one we intend to win. (And the others too)_
               | 
               | (as spoken and delivered at Rice University in Houston,
               | Texas, referencing the Rice-Texas American football
               | rivalry, where Texas is a 10x larger university)
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QXqlziZV63k&t=9m22s
               | 
               | https://www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/archives/J
               | FKP...
               | 
               | Congratulations to ISRO (and all of India) for doing not
               | the thing that was easy, but the thing that was hard and
               | valuable!
        
               | georgeecollins wrote:
               | I think it is a sign of habitual cynicism that you assume
               | "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." was
               | said by a politician. I think people feel like they are
               | defending themselves from being manipulated by not
               | accepting anything on its face as sincere. Sometimes a
               | pipe is just a pipe.
        
               | lioeters wrote:
               | I think the saying goes, sometimes a cigar is just a
               | cigar. And knowing Freud, you know it's not just a cigar.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | > The infamous quote "One small step for man, one giant
               | leap for mankind."
               | 
               | What makes the quote _in_ famous rather than just famous?
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Could just be a misuse of infamous but could just as well
               | be intended to refer to the fact that Man and Mankind
               | mean the same. You need an article in front to transform
               | "One small step for Man" into "One small step for a man"
               | to refer to Neil himself stepping.
        
               | veonik wrote:
               | "One small step for a man" is what he actually said, I
               | think, or so I've heard. Apparently the "a" was lost due
               | to radio interference.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Wikipedia (see elsewhere for link) has good coverage of
               | that. "A" was intended to be said, but when humans say
               | lines like that it is common to miss a word here and
               | there. There is no way to know for sure if he said it and
               | the technology of the time didn't pick it up, or if he
               | misstated his own quote.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Unless you were being sarcastic, it's because people
               | don't know what the word infamous means and think it
               | means "extremely famous".
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | No sarcasm, just wondering. Armstrong could have been
               | cancelled or something. I might have missed the Two
               | Minutes Hate [0] when he or lunar exploitation was on.
               | 
               | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Minutes_Hate
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | They want to go down in the history books the way JFK's
               | "we choose to go to the Moon" did without experiencing
               | the "mind-blowing" event afterwards that made the speech
               | historical.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | One of the most populous countries has become a strong
         | contender in space exploration. Hopefully, it will inspire so
         | many more Indians to push it further and elevate the humanity,
         | just like USA and USSR once did. It's great.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | Also here come the British news lamenting about how India is
           | wasting money instead of focusing on their poor. Slumdog
           | Millionaire mentality.
        
             | mcpackieh wrote:
             | NASA often gets the same treatment, particularly so during
             | the Apollo program when they were getting a lot of money.
             | It doesn't matter the country, a lot of people don't see
             | the sense in spending a single pence on space.
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jul/14/apollo-11-c
             | i...
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | One of my favorite quotes is, "When a wise man points at
               | the moon the imbecile examines the finger." So pertinent,
               | but also with so absurdly much imagery, symbolism, and
               | metaphor packed into just a few words. But perhaps the
               | most remarkable thing is that that quote's 2500 years
               | old. Technology changes so much, but we largely seem to
               | be the exact same people we were even thousands of years
               | in the past.
        
             | GordonS wrote:
             | Also the British news when money is spent on the poor:
             | "Scamming Scavs with 17 Kids Showered with Tax-Payer's
             | Money".
             | 
             | Most British news outlets really are a scourge on our
             | society.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | They dont want us to see the little green UAPs that closely
           | monitor what we are doing :-)
        
         | __void wrote:
         | very good, congratulations on the achievement!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hojinkoh wrote:
         | Congratulations to India!
        
         | zerojames wrote:
         | Congratulations to India! Every time I read of launches to
         | space, I think (and sometimes say aloud) "wow!" It is awesome
         | in the traditional sense of the world.
        
         | uwagar wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | kordlessagain wrote:
         | Now it needs to find the alien base hidden at the South Pole!
         | All joking aside, great work by this team!
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | jshmrsn wrote:
           | I get the point that the US already put people on the moon...
           | but how can you possibly make the leap that there can be no
           | scientific value to additional unmanned laboratories and
           | instruments landing on the moon? Especially since this
           | represents increasing the number of countries who can
           | contribute to this scientific endeavor? If the US elects a
           | president who is not interested in lunar science or has
           | economic problems, then the whole world must wait for the US
           | to decide to resume lunar missions?
           | 
           | An overview of the scientific instruments onboard:
           | 
           | " Lander payloads: Chandra's Surface Thermophysical
           | Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and
           | temperature; Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for
           | measuring the seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir
           | Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations.
           | A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA is
           | accommodated for lunar laser ranging studies.
           | 
           | Rover payloads: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and
           | Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) for deriving the
           | elemental composition in the vicinity of landing site.
           | 
           | Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous Lander module (LM),
           | Propulsion module (PM) and a Rover with an objective of
           | developing and demonstrating new technologies required for
           | Inter planetary missions. The Lander will have the capability
           | to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the Rover
           | which will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar
           | surface during the course of its mobility. The Lander and the
           | Rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on
           | the lunar surface. The main function of PM is to carry the LM
           | from launch vehicle injection till final lunar 100 km
           | circular polar orbit and separate the LM from PM. Apart from
           | this, the Propulsion Module also has one scientific payload
           | as a value addition which will be operated post separation of
           | Lander Module."
           | 
           | https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html
        
             | bambax wrote:
             | > _I get the point that the US already put people on the
             | moon_
             | 
             | I didn't mention the US and I'm not from the US (I'm
             | French). Humanity landed on the moon. Over 50 years ago.
             | 
             | If a country today built a 1969 computer I wouldn't marvel
             | at the achievement.
             | 
             | And yes, sure, there are probably many instruments on
             | board. But you can tell from the video -- and all the
             | excitement here as well -- that this is mainly political
             | and politically motivated.
             | 
             | > _If the US elects a president who is not interested in
             | lunar science or has economic problems, then the whole
             | world must wait for the US to decide to resume lunar
             | missions?_
             | 
             | Or maybe do something else with our limited time and
             | ressources than trying _again_ to analyze the lunar surface
             | and pretend it will be useful? While planting friggin '
             | flags all over the place?
        
               | legends2k wrote:
               | South pole is unexplored and no one has ever landed
               | there, manned or unmanned. Exploring the unexplored isn't
               | science?
        
               | bambax wrote:
               | The moon is NOT unexplored. That's my point actually.
               | Should we explore every inch of it?
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Of course we should? I'm surprised you think otherwise.
               | It's like arguing that we shouldn't have explored the
               | Americas because the Earth was not unexplored.
               | 
               | The Lunar poles have lots of scientific value,
               | particularly for long term habitation, as you can have
               | both permanently shadowed craters with water ice in them
               | and permanently lit areas providing a reliable source of
               | power.
        
               | moopie wrote:
               | You can use the "isn't there anything better to do"
               | towards literally anything
               | 
               | Why not this though
        
               | bambax wrote:
               | Okay, this is true, but the cost/benefit ratio is a way
               | to evaluate "things to do". Landing on the moon is an
               | immense effort that doesn't bring much.
               | 
               | I wouldn't care one way or the other but what gets me is
               | we're sold this as a scientific pursuit, while it's
               | obvious it's just nationalistic bombast.
        
         | pipo234 wrote:
         | Congrats to India!
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | It's brilliant! I think most Indians were really disappointed
         | after the last failure, so it's really reassuring that despite
         | shooting further we were successful!
        
           | bandyaboot wrote:
           | Just makes success that much sweeter. Well done India!
        
         | ojosilva wrote:
         | If you may: The peacock has landed! (Indian national bird)
        
       | ipunchghosts wrote:
       | it landed sucessfully!
        
       | mathieuh wrote:
       | Wait did it land while they were showing us Modi's face? Why
       | didn't they show the camera feed?
        
         | throwaway_0823 wrote:
         | The guy is a megalomanic. The ISRO official who announced the
         | successful landing even asked Modi to "bless us"! No doubt a
         | diktat from Modi.
        
           | shri_krishna wrote:
           | > The guy is a megalomanic
           | 
           | The Prime Minister is the head of Department of Space, whose
           | primary arm is ISRO. He is the boss. Literally every Prime
           | Minister of India has attended ISRO launches and addressed
           | ISRO after success/failure of launches.
           | 
           | > asked Modi to "bless us"
           | 
           | You probably aren't Indian but this is quite common in India
           | where we seek blessings from elders.
        
             | throwaway_0823 wrote:
             | > He is the boss.
             | 
             | No, he's just an elected representative of the people, a
             | government servant.
             | 
             | > You probably aren't an Indian
             | 
             | I am an Indian.
             | 
             | Modi, desperate to project himself, is overruling the
             | President (who is the supreme commander of the armed
             | forces), gotten himself "coronated" in the new Parliament
             | building, gotten his picture put on every citizen's COVID
             | vaccination certificate (as if he has invented the
             | vaccine).
        
               | mauryashivam wrote:
               | He has to put his face on all positive news coming from
               | the country. Anyways happy for ISRO and a step in better
               | understanding Moon (chanda mama).
        
               | shri_krishna wrote:
               | > No, he's just an elected representative of the people,
               | a government servant.
               | 
               | And he still is the boss of DoS whose arm is ISRO. You
               | can cry all you want, it won't change facts.
               | 
               | > Modi, desperate to project himself, is overruling the
               | President (who is the supreme commander of the armed
               | forces), gotten himself "coronated" in the new Parliament
               | building, gotten his picture put on every citizen's COVID
               | vaccination certificate (as if he has invented the
               | vaccine).
               | 
               | Nonsense.
        
               | goodbyesf wrote:
               | > No, he's just an elected representative of the people,
               | a government servant.
               | 
               | Yes. The elected leader is the boss of the executive
               | branch of government. One doesn't negate the other.
        
               | mzs wrote:
               | PM is not the boss of the executive according to the
               | constitution*. The fact that traditionally and more
               | recently the President follows the whim of the PM does
               | not negate the text that identifies the elected President
               | as the head of the executive.
               | 
               | * https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part5.pdf
        
             | oxygen_crisis wrote:
             | I can't think of any other space mission that devoted one
             | of the control room screens to projecting the head of
             | state's face throughout the landing...
        
               | shri_krishna wrote:
               | That might have been an issue with the control room
               | getting the timing of the live feed wrong. No reason to
               | read into it more than that. We have had previous
               | missions where the Prime Minister's live feed was beamed
               | after the event concluded
        
         | seatac76 wrote:
         | The speech after had a weird order I was expecting ISRO to
         | speak first, thought that was not needed but idk
        
           | shri_krishna wrote:
           | Because: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37235089
        
             | seatac76 wrote:
             | I cracked up at the little flag waving by who I assume was
             | the prime minister/president. The duality is interesting
             | serious Indian scientists doing great work and a politician
             | on the screen for no good reason. Here's to the tribe of
             | scientist prevailing and taking the country forward, prob
             | true everywhere now that I think of it.
        
               | shri_krishna wrote:
               | > The duality is interesting serious Indian scientists
               | doing great work and a politician on the screen for no
               | good reason
               | 
               | One can say the same about President Nixon talking to the
               | Astronauts who landed on the Moon. At least here ISRO
               | comes directly under the Prime Minister of India while
               | NASA does not come under the President of USA.
        
               | seatac76 wrote:
               | Ah I see. Did not know that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | :) You know the answer.
        
         | BtM909 wrote:
         | They showed the animation. Maybe in case something went wrong,
         | they didn't want to broadcast that?
        
           | wheelerof4te wrote:
           | Why? No transparency at all. Show me the images and the video
           | of the Moon.
           | 
           | Every kid today can create an animation.
        
         | subtra3t wrote:
         | Maybe you were lagging? PM Modi's face wasn't displayed at the
         | exact moment it landed, but it was shown before and after that
         | moment.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | No, the feed on the right switched to the animation from the
           | lander's view at 19m above the surface.
        
       | captn3m0 wrote:
       | It landed! Yay!
        
       | rhuru wrote:
       | This is a big achievement for India. Not just in space
       | exploration point of view but the side effects of such projects
       | are more interesting.
       | 
       | Dozens of major private companies focused on making this success
       | making various spare parts including steel cranes by Tata steel,
       | special alloys of Mishra Dhatu Nigam (The Alloy Company), wings
       | by L&T Aero etc. etc. I know some people here and they were so
       | proud and focused on "excellence" which I think is often missing
       | in what we Indians normally do.
       | 
       | Space programs are important because of precision required. It
       | created a discipline and desire for perfection not just for ISRO
       | but for all their suppliers and vendors. Hope this habit spreads.
        
         | soligern wrote:
         | There are some very interesting, and arguably more challenging
         | missions coming up including a Venus orbiter, manned space
         | flight and a Martian lander. This should really help solidify
         | the manufacturing space around this.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | If the lander flipped over and exploded, it seems nobody would
       | have noticed.
        
         | balozi wrote:
         | I don't know much about landing extraterrestrial missions, but
         | I would imagine that the moment of touchdown is exactly the
         | moment everyone in the control room should be keenly paying
         | attention to their assignment instead of jumping up to
         | celebrate (or at least try not to distract those that are).
         | Because if that thing sunk into a pool of moon water or landed
         | on top of another lunar lander, it would be 15 minutes before
         | anyone realized. Just a minor layman observation.
         | 
         | Anyhow congratulations to this team and to the people of this
         | great nation.
        
         | goku12 wrote:
         | They would have a loss of telemetry that screams of failure. I
         | don't see the possibility that they wouldn't notice.
        
         | robofanatic wrote:
         | That is exactly what happened last time during Chandrayaan 2.
         | ISRO noticed and fixed the issue and launched Chandrayaan 3
        
       | deltree7 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | vidanay wrote:
       | YAAAAAAAYYYY!
        
       | BtM909 wrote:
       | And we have touchdown!
        
       | deltree7 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | dirtyid wrote:
       | Fantastic job. A lot of inspiration for 75M.
        
       | yogrish wrote:
       | Chandrayaan-3, Successfully Soft landed. Amazing feat by ISRO.
       | Kudos to all engineers behind this.
        
       | dotancohen wrote:
       | Landed successfully!
        
       | vbezhenar wrote:
       | When it's going to land anyway?
        
         | ethbr1 wrote:
         | 18:04 IST
         | 
         | 13:34 BST
         | 
         | 08:34 EDT
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | Landing on the Moon isn't easy and making it on the second try is
       | pretty good, it took the USSR tons of tries to finally get a good
       | soft landing. And recently we've seen groups from Russia, Japan,
       | and Israel try to land softly on the moon without success.
        
       | Ayesh wrote:
       | If I read correctly, this is now the most watched live video on
       | YouTube! Congratulations to India and the team on this fantastic
       | feat of an achievement.
        
         | manojlds wrote:
         | I thought it was 8M earlier. I didn't see this cross 6M though.
        
           | rocknor wrote:
           | It definitely crossed 8M, but not sure if it crossed the
           | previous highest (Felix Baumgartner freefall) which is also
           | around 8M.
        
         | goodbyesf wrote:
         | > If I read correctly, this is now the most watched live video
         | on YouTube!
         | 
         | Which is disappointing. India should have their own video
         | sharing/livestream platform.
        
       | t3estabc wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | vivegi wrote:
       | Landed successfully at the Lunar south pole area.
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | 30 minutes of happy faces but not a single broadcast image of the
       | lander.
        
       | jayjpatel wrote:
       | Congratulations ISRO!!! No road too long, no dream too big.
        
       | aprasadh wrote:
       | 4.1 million watching live on youtube. Wow!
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | 5.8 million now.
        
           | nullcipher wrote:
           | 8m
        
             | sidcool wrote:
             | A T20 cricket match has 21 million peak views. So still low
             | I would say.
        
               | actuator wrote:
               | More people are interested in sports than space landings,
               | who would have thought
        
               | sidcool wrote:
               | I like the sarcasm, but just wanted to put a perspective
               | on numbers. India has a very different scale when
               | compared to other countries.
        
               | dizhn wrote:
               | People watch sports live because spoilers ruin the
               | experience. There isn't much replay value either - except
               | maybe as highlights.
        
       | gabereiser wrote:
       | Congratulations to everyone involved. This is amazing. India has
       | come so far in its space program. Leaps and bounds. It's
       | astonishing to witness. While SpaceX has the look - Chandrayaan
       | has the function. Now get Jeb back home!!
        
       | distcs wrote:
       | Can someone help me understand this Wikipedia article section:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme#List_of_...
       | 
       | Check the row for Chandrayaan-2. Why does it say Unsuccessful
       | landing but main mission success and extended missing ongoing?
       | 
       | What exactly are main mission and extended mission and how can
       | they succeed or be ongoing when the landing has been
       | unsuccessful?
        
         | srnayak wrote:
         | Chandrayaan 2 had 3 payloads. The lander crashed along with
         | rover. But the orbiter is still functioning. It has 8
         | scientific instruments on board for various observations of
         | lunar surface.
        
         | mryall wrote:
         | The Chandrayaan-2 mission had an orbiter, which is still
         | operational, as well as the lander which crashed.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | Narendra Modi has landed on the Moon!
        
         | herunan wrote:
         | His face was bigger than the landing feed!
        
       | Eddygandr wrote:
       | Please please let this bring on a second space race! I want
       | humans on Mars during my lifetime!
        
         | gautamsomani wrote:
         | Yeah! Me too!
        
       | yett wrote:
       | Did the successful landing just crash Hacker News?
        
         | drones wrote:
         | yeeep
        
         | user_7832 wrote:
         | Haha also wondered the same
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | actuator wrote:
       | Congratulations to ISRO! Hopefully some interesting data and
       | findings come from it and then Gaganyaan next!
        
       | la64710 wrote:
       | Is there a video somewhere from within the spacecraft at the
       | exact moment of touchdown?
        
         | mymacbook wrote:
         | Not yet, closest option now is a computer animation synced with
         | the confirmation of touchdown at minute 44 of the video. :(
        
           | mzs wrote:
           | At least there are these five images from two more cameras:
           | https://twitter.com/isro/status/1694360664675127726
        
             | la64710 wrote:
             | Nice
        
         | weaksauce wrote:
         | about 45 min into the video in the main article
        
           | engineer_22 wrote:
           | No, that's a computer render. From what I can tell, there is
           | no onboard video
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | sgt wrote:
             | SpaceX has spoiled us...
        
       | mfrw wrote:
       | What makes this a "WoWW!", is not that this is the first time
       | humans sent something to the moon, but when one factors in the
       | budget relative to others.
       | 
       | Although, I do not have reference for what the exact budget
       | was/is.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | great to see!
       | 
       | Congratulations, India!
        
       | thyrox wrote:
       | Not asking rhetorically but why is this a big deal? Is it because
       | it's going to the south pole? What are some other benefits to be
       | gained from this?
        
         | mmx4332 wrote:
         | This may not be a popular question, but given the amount of
         | poverty in India, is a space program really the best
         | expenditure?
         | 
         | As a geek, I love the space program.
         | 
         | As a human, I don't think it makes sense given the poverty.
        
           | pietro72ohboy wrote:
           | A nation isn't a singular-minded entity; rather, it comprises
           | diverse citizens who assume various roles and contribute
           | uniquely to global improvement. Just because they've
           | successfully landed a rover on the moon doesn't imply the
           | abandonment of all efforts to alleviate poverty.
           | 
           | Honestly, why does the recognition of India's positive
           | accomplishments always seem overshadowed by the specter of
           | poverty and other challenges? Did the Americans eradicate
           | every societal issue before embarking on their lunar mission?
           | Indians should be proud -- this accomplishment is truly
           | remarkable and signifies positive societal strides toward a
           | better collective future. Such achievements ignite hope, and
           | progress is fundamentally built upon hope, regardless of the
           | symbolic origins it might stem from.
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | An alternative perspective to consider, what happens to all
           | the skilled engineers interested in and capable of working on
           | advanced technologies like those intended for space if a
           | country decides to put all other development on hold to
           | singlemindedly focus on eradicating poverty?
           | 
           | What would happen to the next generations of talented
           | potential engineers? What value would there be to pursuing an
           | advanced education? Since obviously a space program isn't the
           | only "luxury" that should be put on hold if poverty exists!
           | 
           | The talent would all leave and the next generations would be
           | less incentivized to pursue the very kinds of careers that
           | help a country develop.
        
         | dharmit wrote:
         | Two points I'm aware of:
         | 
         | 1. No one has managed to make a landing on the moon's South
         | Pole yet.
         | 
         | 2. Since the South Pole doesn't get any sunlight at all, it's
         | believed that there's a possibility of discovering ice/water
         | there.
        
           | hoseja wrote:
           | * bottoms of craters on the South Pole.
           | 
           | Some places there get eternal sunlight instead:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_of_eternal_light
        
             | goku12 wrote:
             | Assuming that CY3 landed somewhere it gets eternal
             | sunlight, I can see how this can be an issue. Many landers
             | and rovers have horizontal solar panels - they would work
             | as long as the sun is reasonably above the horizon.
             | However, the sun is always going to be near the horizon at
             | the poles. That would not only require the solar panel to
             | be mounted vertically, but also be oriented towards the sun
             | somehow.
        
         | subtra3t wrote:
         | - Only 3 other countries have landed on the moon
         | 
         | - Its landing on the south pole where nobody's ever landed
         | before
         | 
         | - Russia failed to land on the moon a week or two back
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | It's a big deal because India has never landed on the moon
         | before; only three nations have.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | This is the first time India soft-landed anything outside of
           | Earth. That by itself is a big deal. Soft-landing guidance on
           | a body without atmosphere is much more complex than launch
           | guidance.
        
           | rospaya wrote:
           | > With this mission, India became the first to impact the
           | Lunar south pole and the 7th nation to reach the lunar
           | surface.
           | 
           | Wiki article for Chandrayaan-1 from 2008.
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | India became the 4th to land successfully with
             | Chandrayaan-3 just now. Others have crashed or deliberately
             | impacted.
        
             | goku12 wrote:
             | Impactors and landers are classified differently. So both
             | your comment and the one you were replying to are correct.
        
         | taneq wrote:
         | They've made a controlled landing on the moon. Just because
         | it's been done a few times before, ever, doesn't make this a
         | small accomplishment.
        
         | mrphoebs wrote:
         | Mission to unexplored south pole of the moon and investigating
         | the presence of surface water at the bottom of craters that
         | don't receive sunlight.
         | 
         | Simultaneously capability development and demonstration for
         | ISRO
        
         | veave wrote:
         | Indians are numerous and they display a lot of patriotic pride,
         | which "inflates" these news, especially when they are in
         | websites/platforms that have a voting score.
        
           | lawgimenez wrote:
           | The mission is very impressive, regardless of nationality.
           | Come on.
        
           | ghoomketu wrote:
           | So if this were another country like Netherlands or Japan,
           | according to you this would be less important? I really don't
           | think so.
        
           | robofanatic wrote:
           | This is nowhere near "inflated"
           | 
           | check this out https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&p
           | refix=false&qu...
        
           | abhayhegde wrote:
           | So the mission alone is unimpressive in your opinion? If you
           | were to weed out who did this and only focus on the what,
           | would you not have an inch of wonder and applaud the efforts?
        
             | veave wrote:
             | That's not what my comment says. Personally I don't know
             | how impressive or unimpressive the mission is since I am
             | not interested in space exploration and I know almost
             | nothing about it.
        
               | luminati wrote:
               | You know nothing about space exploration and yet you were
               | compelled to post your earlier drivel?
        
               | legends2k wrote:
               | Though you've no interest in space exploration you
               | qualify to pass judgement on how inflated a space
               | exploration related post, how?
        
               | veave wrote:
               | Because what I'm mentioning is a phenomenon that occurs
               | in all Indian-related submissions regardless of content.
        
         | ajnin wrote:
         | This is a big deal because since 1976, only China has (edit:
         | had!) managed to land something successfully on the Moon. And
         | also space exploration is cool in general.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Aliens. They are out there somewhere.
        
           | nuker wrote:
           | Nah. Escaped nazis.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | This was a fun movie (which I assume you're referencing):
             | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1034314/
        
         | contrarian1234 wrote:
         | I'd be curious if it's at all interesting from a technical
         | perspective. It was impressive in the 60s and 70s because a lot
         | of new things needed to be discovered and understood to make it
         | happen. But now a days.. are there really technical aspects
         | that would not be covered in a typical engineering course?
         | 
         | I get it's very expensive and hence difficult to pull off - but
         | this makes it comes off as mostly nationalism and a big display
         | of disposable income (which for a country with so much poverty
         | is .. something)
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | What typical engineering course covers the design of reliable
           | systems which work mostly autonomously in environments with
           | huge temperature variations, vacuum, inaccessibility for
           | repair, significant radiation, mass constraints, sensor
           | limitations etc?
           | 
           | Designing stuff for space involves a lot of challenges that
           | typical engineering does not.
           | 
           | Plus, while the US and USSR may have done the necessary
           | technical work, India doesn't get most of that knowledge and
           | thus has to learn the lessons itself.
        
           | z3phyr wrote:
           | A lot of poor people were genuinely happy and inspired today.
        
           | albert_e wrote:
           | The budget with which this mission was accomplished is
           | something.
           | 
           | Less than a typical hollywood movie budget.
        
           | phanimahesh wrote:
           | The money used on these programmes doesn't burn up, it gets
           | recirculated. As an Indian I consider this a pretty good use
           | of tax payer money.
        
           | luminati wrote:
           | Sorry to say but no contrarian thought in your comment.
        
           | legends2k wrote:
           | Technically no one has landed in the crater ridden South pole
           | on the dark side of the moon. Scientifically it's useful to
           | course these uncharted parts of the moon both for water/ice
           | and mineral composition.
           | 
           | I don't see how poverty comes into play here: every nation
           | had similar issues when they were doing space exploration.
           | They are two unrelated spheres. Solving one doesn't mean the
           | other won't be
        
         | wheelerof4te wrote:
         | We get to see more images of the Moon's surface. In a
         | previously unexplored region.
         | 
         | How is that not a big deal?
        
         | goku12 wrote:
         | A look at the previous lunar missions [1] should give an idea.
         | There have been 7 lander missions since 1976 (not including
         | impactors):
         | 
         | - 3 by China: All success
         | 
         | - 1 by Japan (along with a rover from UAE): Failed
         | 
         | - 1 by Israel: Failed
         | 
         | - 1 by Russia: Failed
         | 
         | - 2 by India: Previous one failed. This one succeeded
         | 
         | I can see why the entire world would be excited by something
         | like this. I hope that there will be routine landings by
         | different players and that the landing guidance would be
         | perfected.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon#M...
        
         | The_Colonel wrote:
         | Besides what others said, it gets extra spice from the fact
         | Russia failed to do the same just days ago.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | Russian space program is a shadow of what it once was. Their
           | history is full of daring missions and extraordinary
           | achievements. I wish they would engage in a space race than
           | in a war.
        
             | tjpnz wrote:
             | Might be time for China to reconsider its role with Russia
             | in future manned moon missions. Any prestige the Russian
             | program once had has long since faded, even ground
             | operations at Baikonur are now at risk with equipment being
             | impounded by bailiffs from Kazakhstan to service billions
             | in debt.
        
               | ironyman wrote:
               | Russia retains an (rapidly diminishing) edge in certain
               | areas of space. One of them is engine design. China is
               | still keen on buying the best Soviet engines, namely
               | Energia's RD-170 and its variants but of course Russia is
               | less than keen on parting ways with them.
               | 
               | Even CALT, the major launch vehicle provider in China,
               | admits it will be well into the late 2020s/early 2030s
               | before they can get an engine as good as the RD-170.
               | Their YF-130, while technically very good according to
               | recent tests, is still a bit less efficient. Think about
               | that, a 40 year gap. Aerospace is hard.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RD-170
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Not as "cool" as the SpaceX stuff, but Angara, Amur,
               | Soyuz-5, Soyuz-7 are all in the works.
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | I'm surprised that the Atlas V's first stage has these
               | Russian engines.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Using Russian engines, like the ISS collaboration was an
               | attempt by the US to keep soviet rocket scientists in
               | business in civilian roles so they wouldn't be
               | incentivized to spread around the world proliferating
               | ICBM tech.
               | 
               | In the process the US paid a huge price (decay of
               | domestic design capability) and it's debatable if the
               | goal was achieved.
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | Very interesting, do you know where I can read more about
               | that?
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | Coincidentally, China's first Mars (orbiter) mission
               | Yinghuo-1 failed because it was hitchhiking on the
               | Russian orbiter Fobos-Grunt that failed in an Earth
               | orbit. India launched an orbiter soon afterwards and
               | became the first country to get it right in the first
               | attempt.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | American space program is a shadow of what it once was.
             | Their history is full of daring missions and extraordinary
             | achievements. I wish they would engage in a space race
             | rather than _constant_ illegal, brutal, destructive and
             | _absolutely unnecessary_ war.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Un
             | i...
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | It isn't really the gotcha you think it is when you see
               | Falcon 9s flying and landing multiple times a week, the
               | most advanced conventional rocket engines ever being mass
               | produced, two scifi-esque lunar landers under serious
               | development and all the other things.
        
           | prennert wrote:
           | And the BRICS summit is going on right now... What a powerful
           | display of softpower.
        
             | sph wrote:
             | Modi will be soft landing in his chair with a smile at the
             | BRICS summit.
        
           | Trias11 wrote:
           | Agree.
           | 
           | The quicker russians will get rid of putin infestation the
           | sooner this disgrace will end.
        
             | hh3k0 wrote:
             | > The quicker russians will get rid of putin infestation
             | the sooner this disgrace will end.
             | 
             | Russia is a deeply rotten country, Putin is merely a
             | symptom of that.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | Thus the joke that Russia's history can be summarized as
               | "and then it got worse".
        
             | rdevsrex wrote:
             | Lots of people could say the same about Biden or _____
             | leader.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Speaking of that, was that another failure of a modified
           | Fregat or am I just too dumb to speak on this topic?
        
       | risfriend wrote:
       | Congratulations! Huge feat.
        
       | calin2k wrote:
       | "India is now on the Moon" PM Modi
        
         | singularity2001 wrote:
         | "the sky is not the limit" if I heard correctly
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | Talk about perks given the absence of the post colonialism visa
         | regime at the Moon, yeah?
        
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