[HN Gopher] Arm Announces Public Filing for Proposed Initial Pub...
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       Arm Announces Public Filing for Proposed Initial Public Offering
        
       Author : lultimouomo
       Score  : 299 points
       Date   : 2023-08-22 07:44 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.arm.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.arm.com)
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | I think in many ways Arm is (or should be) a sort of large
       | 'Mittelstand' [1] business. Long term focus, independence,
       | customer focus etc are key to the success of this type of
       | business.
       | 
       | Trouble is, its success and its sector has given it a profile
       | that attracts attention from the likes of Softbank who have other
       | ideas. A company doesn't need to have a Nvidia like P/E ratio to
       | be successful.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelstand
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | Do people use P/E as a metric for company success? I find the
         | Nvidia one of 223 or so just a gross perversion, no real
         | success there. It's more about how irrational the average
         | investor is now and how top heavy the SP500 is.
        
           | berkle4455 wrote:
           | I think it's a reflection of earnings potential. If nvidia
           | can average 50% Y/Y earnings growth for the next 5 years, and
           | stock price remains flat, that 223 falls to 30.
        
             | gotstad wrote:
             | It is a reflection of exactly that, but this completely
             | dismissed all the risks: - Maybe new ml-tech is invented
             | that does not require as heavy equipment. - Maybe AI does
             | not grow as fast as expected. - Maybe a competitor comes
             | along and pricing comes under pressure. - Maybe supply
             | chain issues.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | You may be right. In that case they should offer a dividend to
         | attract the kind of investors who are not necessarily looking
         | for big gains in the stock price, but want a nice stable
         | return. ARM was a growth stock for decades, but that phase is
         | over for them.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > A company doesn't need to have a Nvidia like P/E ratio to be
         | successful.
         | 
         | Absolutely true. Sadly nowadays, _especially_ in the US, and
         | especially in tech, unless the company is growing like crazy or
         | massive, it 's considered as insignificant and dimissed.
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | Dismissed by who? Dismissed by the media and public is one
           | thing, but if you think investors are also dismissing them
           | unfairly, that doesn't sound unfortunate at all. That sounds
           | like an investment thesis.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _especially in the US, and especially in tech, unless the
           | company is growing like crazy or massive, it 's considered as
           | insignificant and dimissed_
           | 
           | Maybe in Silicon Valley, were decades of totem disdain for
           | anything resembling a business education is starting to take
           | its toll. For anyone with a financial background, slow-
           | growing profitable companies are most American industry. If
           | you want to grow slowly (or barely at all), and want
           | investors who like that, offer a dividend and price at a
           | reasonable P/E.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | How are they "dismissed"? Are trading volumes or share prices
           | for non crazy or massive companies too low?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kriro wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure it's going to be one of these companies that I
       | don't invest in for reasons that sound logical to me (a big part
       | of the company just splitting in China basically rogue + my
       | personal view that RISC-V will gain traction due to the licencing
       | policies of ARM) that will do very well :D
        
       | senttoschool wrote:
       | During the height of the covid tech bubble, Nvidia offered to buy
       | ARM for $40b. Right now, Softbank wants a $60b - $70b valuation
       | when many tech stocks have lost 90%+ and some large caps have
       | lost 30% - 50%.
       | 
       | What justifies such crazy increase in value? Also, I believe
       | Nvidia overpaid for the company regardless. Nvidia was willing to
       | pay $40b because they want a world-class CPU design team to
       | integrate their GeForce IP into SoCs and service chips.
       | 
       | But a standalone ARM is not very valuable. The reason is that
       | ARM's business model (licensing core designs and ISA) makes
       | peanuts compared to Qualcomm, Apple, Intel, AMD, etc. In
       | addition, ARM's biggest customers are also their biggest
       | competitors. For example, Apple competes with stock ARM designs
       | with Apple Silicon. Qualcomm will be competing with ARM designs
       | via Nuvia chips. Ampere Computing just designed a custom ARM core
       | of their own.
       | 
       | When ARM only license the ISA (Apple Silicon, Nuvia, and Ampere
       | One), they make peanuts. When they license ARM core designs, they
       | make slightly more than peanuts.
       | 
       | It's generally not a good business to invest in. I find it hard
       | to justify the $60b - $70b valuation. No doubt Softbank will try
       | to sell ARM as an AI company. It's not.
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | > It's generally not a good business to invest in.
         | 
         | i agree.
         | 
         | > Arm reported $524 million in net income on $2.68 billion in
         | revenue in its fiscal 2023, which ended in March
         | 
         | i find the current valuation ludicrous, and it seems like it's
         | pushed more by Softbank's Vision Fund than a firm grasp in
         | reality.
        
           | joelthelion wrote:
           | If you think about it, should any of the major players buy
           | ARM and shut it down to the competition, the other players
           | would be in deep trouble (Samsung, Apple, AWS, Google all
           | depend fairly deeply on ARM). That has the potential to drive
           | valuation up a bit, no?
        
             | kmlx wrote:
             | zero chance of any regulators agreeing to this plan.
        
           | senttoschool wrote:
           | > _Arm reported $524 million in net income on $2.68 billion
           | in revenue in its fiscal 2023, which ended in March_
           | 
           | > _i find the current valuation ludicrous, and it seems like
           | it 's pushed more by Softbank's Vision Fund than a firm grasp
           | in reality._
           | 
           | Just for comparison, AMD, which is still quite small, gets
           | about $2b - $4b annual net profit. Intel, before their recent
           | disaster quarters, had as much as $24b in annual net profit.
           | 
           | $524m in net income is peanuts compared to the big boys. This
           | is what I was saying in my original post. ARM is a more
           | valuable company if they were acquired by Nvidia. As a
           | standalone company, it's not that great. Again, a weird quirk
           | of ARM is that their biggest customers are also their biggest
           | competitors. This puts a cap on how much profit they can
           | make. If ARM decides to raise licensing fees exponentially,
           | which is likely not simple due to long-term contracts, then
           | companies will seriously look to RISC-V.
           | 
           | Because ARM is the smallest fish in the pond, it can't pay
           | for the best engineers. The best chip engineers will go to
           | AMD, Intel, Nvidia, Apple, Qualcomm, and startups. ARM is
           | where these companies go to poach.
        
             | t43562 wrote:
             | If it was too successful on its own it wouldn't be in all
             | those devices. Whether or not it has the best chip
             | designers its ARM that has changed the world.
             | 
             | It seems a bit like Linux to me - you could say Linus
             | Torvalds is disappointing because he's not as rich as Elon
             | Musk and yet one might argue both that he has done more and
             | that if he had tried to get super rich out of it he would
             | not have achieved so much because every effort to extract
             | significant money would have lessened the breadth of his
             | impact. People wouldn't have co-operated.
        
         | MikusR wrote:
         | ARM changed the licensing and now wants % of price of every end
         | device sold.
        
           | senttoschool wrote:
           | If it's that simple, they would have done it a long time ago.
           | In reality, many companies have very long-term contracts. For
           | example, Apple may have an indefinite architectural license.
           | 
           | I haven't looked into all their changes in detail but they're
           | not just going to suddenly increase profit without their
           | customers fighting back.
        
           | tibbydudeza wrote:
           | Fortunately Apple and Samsung is grandfathered in.
        
           | peoplearepeople wrote:
           | They'll quickly find device manufacturers moving to riscv
           | with that tactic
        
       | cgeier wrote:
       | It feels strange to call it in "Initial Public Offering" when the
       | company used to be public ten years ago.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | IPO stands for "Infusion of Public Overspending". It's an
         | _exit_ strategy for private equity and VC, so more of an ending
         | than anything  "initial".
        
         | jwestbury wrote:
         | Should it be an APO? Additional Public Offering?
        
           | larvaetron wrote:
           | SPO: Subsequent Public Offering
        
           | offices wrote:
           | It's just an IPO. The history doesn't matter.
        
         | imadj wrote:
         | It's a sequel
        
       | scrlk wrote:
       | F-1:
       | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973239/000119312523...
        
         | moconnor wrote:
         | The "risks" section is pretty interesting, e.g.:
         | 
         | "Arm China is 25% of our revenue, but we have no control over
         | them, they have failed to pay us in the past resulting in us
         | taking on additional costs to recover the money, also we have
         | no way of knowing what they actually owe us and other than what
         | they say, which has already been a problem"
        
           | jrno639 wrote:
           | ARM learning the hard way what "49% ownership in a joint
           | venture" really means.
        
           | user20230822 wrote:
           | How do they manage IP if they have no control over them? I
           | see a pretty big issue
        
             | Havoc wrote:
             | They don't. They're proper rogue and being China there
             | isn't much you can do about it
        
             | moconnor wrote:
             | According to the filing they have extremely limited ability
             | to influence them and yeah it is a big issue.
        
               | meragrin_ wrote:
               | I wonder if it would have been better for Nvidia to have
               | bought ARM. Nvidia's cards might have been sufficient
               | influence.
        
               | NickC25 wrote:
               | Which is terrifying - ARM's biggest risk in that regard
               | is that ARM China can effectively shoot itself in the
               | foot in the name of Chinese
               | strategic/geopolitical/technological interests, and all
               | their Chinese employees will have absolutely nothing to
               | worry about.
        
           | puzzlingcaptcha wrote:
           | The "ARM China going rogue" story is so weird. Although
           | supposedly Softbank restored control last year? [1] So I
           | don't know where things stand at the moment.
           | 
           | https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Caixin/In-Depth-How-
           | SoftBa...
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | >Although supposedly Softbank restored control last year?
             | 
             | Nope, the F-1 addresses this: "Neither we [Arm] nor
             | SoftBank Group control the operations of Arm China, which
             | operates independently of us. "
        
             | NickC25 wrote:
             | the article says that Wu is effectively still on the job,
             | and Wu's own LinkedIn page claims he's still the boss
             | there.
             | 
             | Having myself been part of a joint venture with the Chinese
             | (in the education space), and having a Chinese employee go
             | rogue, I only advise against western firms (even large ones
             | with clout) from engaging in such ventures. The Chinese
             | will take control by any means necessary and bleed you dry
             | from the inside.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | bunnie wrote:
         | Total revenue: 2.679bb Gross profit: 2.573bb
         | 
         | (page 18, FY2023)
         | 
         | 96% gross profit margin? Ahh to be an IP licensing
         | company....why would anyone invest in building physical things
         | when there are opportunities like this out there! </s>
         | 
         | edit: clarify _gross_ profit margin
        
           | ppaattrriicckk wrote:
           | Small correction:
           | 
           | Net income: 0.524 bb
           | 
           | So 19.6% profit margin. Still nice.
        
             | bunnie wrote:
             | I'm not an accountant, but I think I'm referring to gross
             | profit margin [1], which is revenue minus cost of goods
             | sold (which is small for an IP licensing company, any
             | company that actually sells hardware will be a fraction of
             | that).
             | 
             | I think your math refers to operating margin, that's after
             | they subtract all the operating overheads which are fixed,
             | and not proportional to sales volume. In other words a 96%
             | gross margin means they have virtually no friction to
             | increasing sales.
             | 
             | Compare to Intel statement [2], they have a 35.8% gross
             | margin and a negative operating margin this year, which
             | would be the apples to apples comparison against 96% gross
             | margin and 19.6% operating margin in the F1.
             | 
             | My read on the income line is they do a good job of
             | 'spending money', but they are signaling that can be turned
             | into things like dividends to shareholders once they IPO,
             | perhaps by doing short sighted things like cutting R&D
             | expenses and/or accounting tricks.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_margin
             | 
             | [2] https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-
             | releases/detail/1637/...
        
               | redtriumph wrote:
               | in case, any one looking for F-1 (F1) for ARM, it is
               | here.
               | 
               | (S-1 is for domestic corporations and F-1 is for foreign
               | ones)
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973239/000119312
               | 523...
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | RISC-V is in the prospectus as a risk. Good for RISC-V!
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> RISC-V is in the prospectus as a risk.
           | 
           | One option is to embrace it as an opportunity. ARM designs
           | some pretty good CPU cores, so imagine they offered good
           | RISC-V cores as well. RISC-V _can_ be free, but a lot of
           | companies still license core designs.
        
             | snvzz wrote:
             | >ARM designs some pretty good CPU cores, so imagine they
             | offered good RISC-V cores as well.
             | 
             | This is the approach MIPS took. They deprecated their
             | legacy ISA, embracing the industry-standard RISC-V.
             | 
             | Problem is, ARM's management hasn't shown any signs of
             | actually being capable of doing this. It would have to be
             | replaced, and the business model would need a deep
             | redesign.
             | 
             | But everything hardware takes a long time. Can ARM survive
             | until they have competitive RISC-V designs ready?
             | 
             | I will not bet on that.
        
             | RetroTechie wrote:
             | There's another option:
             | 
             | For a SoC (or bigger uC) include _both_ ARM  & RISC-V
             | cores. They can work side by side, be used as development
             | platform for either, share memory or peripherals included
             | in the SoC (or perhaps share different but overlapping
             | subsets of those resources). Or a Big.Little style setup
             | where the "Big" and "Little" are different ISA.
             | 
             | Where utilising chip resources 100% is not _too_ important
             | (like, in most applications), designers could simply work
             | with the ISA cores they 're comfortable with. Switch use to
             | the other cores, use the same peripherals.
             | 
             | Would this be difficult to work with? Unlikely. Software
             | support for such setups exists, suitable defaults / boot
             | settings & go.
             | 
             | At the very least this would get ARM foot in the door if it
             | turns out RISC-V eating ARMs market share (which is already
             | happening, be it limited scale so far). Or collect the 'ARM
             | tax' for SoCs whose designers wanted RISC-V but don't mind
             | including ARM as well.
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | I don't understand what ARM does.
       | 
       | They have designed a processor architecture that is RISC-style.
       | For some companies, ARM sells the design and others manufacture
       | the chip. So what do Apple and Qualcomm get out of it, if they
       | design their own architecture? Is apple tacking on proprietary
       | extensions or instructions?
       | 
       | Why didn't apple design a CPU architecture from the ground up ala
       | RISC-V?
        
         | snvzz wrote:
         | Your confusion seems to have to do with microarchitecture vs
         | ISA.
         | 
         | An ISA is the Instruction Set Architecture, the interface
         | between software and hardware.
         | 
         | A microarchitecture is a hardware implementation of an ISA.
         | 
         | RISC-V is an ISA.
         | 
         | ARM is a company that has both an ISA (actually several, but
         | their current is ARMv9) and a bunch of microarchitectures.
         | 
         | Their business model is to license their IP:
         | 
         | - They may license you a microarchitecture, so that you can
         | include it in your chip's design.
         | 
         | - They may license you the ISA, so you can implement your own
         | microarchitecture for the ISA. Note that you can't then license
         | your microarchitecture to others, that's ARM's sole privilege.
         | 
         | RISC-V's instruction space has some room for custom extensions.
         | Thus it can be adapted to find specific needs, without asking
         | for permission nor opting out of the strongest software
         | ecosystem which RISC-V is rapidly building.
         | 
         | But while RISC-V is pretty good technically, enabling the best
         | processors, what's most disruptive is that it is an open ISA.
         | 
         | It means there's now an open market with RISC-V
         | microarchitectures to license, from a range of vendors. There's
         | also some open source microarchitectures.
         | 
         | Microarchitecture licensing aside, there's an ecosystem of
         | companies offering related services, such as helping you verify
         | your designs, trace your code and so on.
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | Interesting. As much as ARM-based processors are doing so well in
       | the market, it's important to understand that ARM has specific
       | licensing agreements with Apple, Samsung, etc. It is not so
       | obvious that it will continue being a cash cow for many more
       | years.
        
         | tchaffee wrote:
         | Well no one can predict the future but what's your reasoning
         | that such an important technology partner to such massive
         | companies will all of a sudden stop innovating and become less
         | significant?
        
           | flkenosad wrote:
           | Intel was also an important partner to Apple at one point.
        
             | tchaffee wrote:
             | Intel is still around, still innovating, and still
             | profitable. It has a lot more competition than in the past,
             | but they are still a force to be reckoned with.
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | I expect that some of those companies will be interested in
         | acquiring shares of the company to ensure their continued
         | access and innovation.
        
       | afandian wrote:
       | "250 billion chips"
       | 
       | I wonder how many of those are buried in landfill now.
        
         | bloggie wrote:
         | Certainly quite a few, there are ARM chips in single-use
         | products such as COVID tests.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | I remember there was a disposable COVID test that had an arm
         | processor in it.
        
           | tmoertel wrote:
           | I think that the price of those tests was about $70 each,
           | however.
        
         | not_your_vase wrote:
         | Many. And still, many more are bought up every year. Those
         | small M0 and M0+ cost pennies... if you made all chopsticks in
         | the world out of M0s instead of wood, it would be more cost
         | effective lol
         | 
         | (okay, _maybe_ this is an exaggeration, but these small things
         | are pretty much everywhere... not even speaking about chips in
         | other, more complex devices)
        
           | afandian wrote:
           | Well thank goodness for RoHS!
        
         | KirillPanov wrote:
         | Only the ones with locked^H^H^H^Hsecure bootloaders.
         | 
         | In other words, nearly all of them.
         | 
         | I've started calling it "Landfill Boot".
        
       | Thev00d00 wrote:
       | Bit of a downer for the UK to see them list in the US, I do
       | understand they just want access to the most capital, but I find
       | a shame LSE is not competitive for this kind of thing.
        
         | Sealy wrote:
         | Sadly the UK has a long history of sending its own tech
         | industry abroad...
         | 
         | It begun with the invention of the computer as we know it... -
         | Charles Babbage,"Father of the computer", British - Alan
         | Turing, "Father of modern computer science", British
         | 
         | Then there was Margret Thatcher who decided the internet was a
         | fad and wasn't worth investing in internet infrastructure in
         | the country.
         | 
         | Where did the multi billion (if not trillion by now) industry
         | end up? Silicon Valley and elsewhere....
         | 
         | Bravo UK... Bravo </sarcasm>
        
           | gjvc wrote:
           | _Then there was Margret Thatcher who decided the internet was
           | a fad and wasn 't worth investing in internet infrastructure
           | in the country._
           | 
           | This seems unbelievable now, but the relevant reference is
           | https://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/how-the-uk-
           | lost...
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | No fan of Thatcher, but she left power before the world-wide-
           | web even left CERN.
        
             | Lio wrote:
             | True but the driver before the world wide web would have
             | been cable TV over fibre to the home.
             | 
             | She decided it was better to open the market to foreign
             | cable TV providers and so barred BT from selling TV access.
             | 
             | Without TV there was no driver for fibre investment.
             | 
             | Where BT would have had a requirement to provide universal
             | access to fibre, as with phone provision, Telewest and NTL
             | just did geograhically limited roll outs of legacy coax and
             | the rest is history.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | Fair enough, but I don't see how this supports her
               | thinking the internet was a fad not worth investing in.
               | 
               | Also it denies agency to those in power in the decades
               | that followed. I mean did that decision bind the
               | policymakers that followed when it became clear how
               | important the internet really was?
        
           | farseer wrote:
           | Well you can't make all the right moves in history :) At
           | least they got mercantilism right and built an effective navy
           | to practically rule the world not so long ago.
        
           | dazc wrote:
           | Thatcher was replaced by a guy called Blair who saw the
           | internet as the future worth investing in. Sadly he found
           | another cause to throw money at.
           | 
           | The mistake Thatcher made was to open up the telecoms market
           | to competition at a time when the legacy provider (BT) were
           | starting to build a high speed internet highway/backbone. In
           | hindsight, this could indeed be considered an error but
           | looking how BT have fared since, perhaps not?
        
             | mattmanser wrote:
             | A lot more mistakes made by Thatcher than that.
             | 
             | We're now in the absurd situation where 4 out of 6 power
             | generating companies are foreign owned and the Japanese own
             | our chip manufacturer.
             | 
             | All because of her policies that originally envisioned that
             | the share holding would be by the British public, not
             | foreigners.
             | 
             | And the latest scandal is that our water companies are
             | dumping ridiculous amounts of sewage into our waterways
             | while giving out huge dividends. And there's nothing anyone
             | seems to be able to do about it.
        
               | dazc wrote:
               | We've had a few Prime Ministers since Thatcher, was her
               | reach so powerful that she could prevent them from doing
               | anything about this?
               | 
               | I recall Blair saying he regretted not doing enough about
               | energy security when he was in power, I don't recall him
               | blaming Thatcher?
               | 
               | Brown expands nuclear ambitions (2008): The prime
               | minister said that with oil prices soaring, it was time
               | to be "more ambitious" for nuclear plans...
               | http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7424158.stm
               | 
               | There has been a long history of failure, by both sides
               | of the political spectrum.
        
               | gjvc wrote:
               | _All because of her policies that originally envisioned
               | that the share holding would be by the British public,
               | not foreigners._
               | 
               | This is the most charitable interpretation of events (no
               | sarcasm intended[1]), and one I would like to believe,
               | but greed is very powerful and leads people to evil, so I
               | can well imagine various lobbying groups would have seen
               | the easy mid-term money to be made from such sales.
               | 
               | [1] "Never attribute to malice that which may be
               | adequately be explained by incompetence."
        
         | nelsonic wrote:
         | Two reasons: NASDAQ values Tech higher than LSE and inclusion
         | in the Nasdaq-100 will mean funds/indexes have to buy in which
         | will boost the share price. This is the smart choice for
         | Masayoshi Son to maximise ROI.
        
           | glimshe wrote:
           | Masayoshi Son is desperately needing to make some smart
           | choices after making some of the biggest investment blunders
           | in history through the Vision Fund... I agree this one is the
           | way to play it safe with what could be the best investment in
           | his life.
        
         | twen_ty wrote:
         | Why would anyone want to do a major IPO like this in Brexit
         | Britain?
        
         | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
         | > Bit of a downer for the UK to see them list in the US
         | 
         | I wonder to what extent the overarching business culture of the
         | UK (which I'd categorise as being generally apathetical, if not
         | hostile, to the engineering profession) might have anything to
         | do with it.
         | 
         | (...speaking as a former UK eng myself)
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | > I wonder to what extent the overarching business culture of
           | the UK (which I'd categorise as being generally apathetical,
           | if not hostile, to the engineering profession) might have
           | anything to do with it.
           | 
           | That's nothing to do with it - the company is only listing on
           | NASDAQ - ARM has office all over the world but will still be
           | based and managed in the UK along with most of its employees
           | (engineers) like when it was owned by a Japanese company.
           | 
           | Listing on the tech heavy NASDAQ rather than the LSE gives
           | the company more access to investors that are likely to buy
           | shares: retail, commercial, and hundreds of index trackers
           | and funds - increasing the share price.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | Are there really big capital inventors who will say "nope I
             | don't work on that exchange"?
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | There are costs to working on different exchanges and out
               | of country exchanges.
        
               | dublinben wrote:
               | Well, the fifth largest ETF in the US is the sharply
               | named QQQ which exclusively follows the Nasdaq-100 index.
               | Everything larger tracks a broader domestic index like
               | the S&P 500.[0]
               | 
               | Listing on the LSE relegates you to "international"
               | funds, which make up a third or less of most portfolios.
               | These have historically lagged US fund performance, quite
               | significantly in the last ten years.[1]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.etf.com/etfanalytics/etf-finder
               | 
               | [1] https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/revisiting-case-
               | internati...
        
           | highwaylights wrote:
           | Same. I think this is the correct answer.
        
             | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
             | It can't be - sentimentality rarely gets in a way of a
             | business-deal this big. But it might explain why ARM
             | themselves (whether employees or shareholders, regardless
             | of country) might not put too much effort into staying in
             | the UK, I mean.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | The City is struggling post-Brexit
        
           | sapiogram wrote:
           | > which I'd categorise as being generally apathetical, if not
           | hostile, to the engineering profession
           | 
           | Any chance you could elaborate on this? Arm exists and is
           | British, after all.
        
             | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
             | > Arm exists and is British, after all.
             | 
             | Our current government is indifferent to this.
        
               | DrBazza wrote:
               | All modern UK governments have been largely indifferent
               | on protecting British industry, and when they do it
               | normally blows up in their faces. It's now a case of
               | 'fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me'.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | Not entirely indifferent - they did intervene on
               | national-security grounds in 2021:
               | https://news.sky.com/story/government-intervenes-in-sale-
               | of-...
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | I had forgotten about this, to be honest, but national
               | security grounds is either what it says on its face or
               | "what is the smallest amount of intervention we can do
               | here to satisfy all those critics talking about something
               | we don't understand".
               | 
               | Our Prime Minister thought getting the Royal Mint to
               | produce NFTs was a good idea. In 2022.
        
             | scrlk wrote:
             | UK engineering jobs typically have uncompetitive
             | compensation.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | That's just the result, not the cause.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Uncompetitive compared to?
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | Compared to the US. Dan Abramov who works for Facebook
               | and is one of the primary engineers of the hugely popular
               | React framework makes less than one of my junior
               | engineers.
        
               | progbits wrote:
               | And when he gets sick gets free healthcare while your
               | junior will go bankrupt. Compensation isn't comparable
               | without comparing external costs and benefits.
        
               | commonlisp94 wrote:
               | > he gets sick gets free healthcare
               | 
               | Free at the cost of a significantly larger portion of his
               | salary in tax for his entire life.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | The tax differences aren't that big, and they come with
               | other nationalized services in addition to healthcare.
               | Per capita healthcare costs in countries with
               | nationalized healthcare can be 50% less than in the US.
               | So you're getting much better value for your money when
               | you pay taxes for that healthcare.
               | 
               | https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-
               | collection/health-...
        
               | dom96 wrote:
               | And as a FB employee gets private healthcare as a perk
               | and would also get it in the US. The US comp is much
               | higher than the UK's even taking into account healthcare.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | But once he/she has a family (or just a pregnant partner)
               | he/she is really handcuffed to the job by that perk, no?
               | The risk of losing that cover makes it very difficult to
               | make sensible life choices.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | Is your claim that a Facebook engineer would have trouble
               | finding a different job with high compensation and great
               | healthcare? That's a bold and hard to believe claim.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | This comes across as quite rude, TBH.
               | 
               | But answering you on the merits: it's entirely possible,
               | yes.
               | 
               | For example, what if sensible life choices include moving
               | out of state to a place where there is less tech
               | industry? Just changing jobs can interrupt healthcare and
               | cause costs. And the process of switching providers is,
               | in the experience of a friend with a family with complex
               | healthcare needs, sometimes so kafkaesque it might not be
               | worth the risk.
               | 
               | What if sensible life choices involve blowing the whistle
               | or just being critical of the industry? Can you risk it?
               | 
               | What if sensible life choices mean wanting to substitute
               | time so your partner can go back to work? Does their plan
               | match yours for the benefits you've both come to rely on?
               | 
               | It's not unusual at all for people in all sorts of
               | situations and on all sorts of incomes to effectively end
               | up tied to a job by the security of specific features of
               | a workplace health plan.
               | 
               | Use your imagination before you just jump in and belittle
               | an argument.
               | 
               | I do wonder if people in the particular FAANG bubbles are
               | just too young and healthy to understand that healthcare
               | plans aren't just a tradeable, interchangeable perk: once
               | you are really deeply using them, they can get a lot less
               | interchangeable.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | Sorry, but you gave no evidence that the average talented
               | person would be handcuffed to a specific company as soon
               | as they start a family. And you especially gave no
               | evidence that they would "lose that cover". That was your
               | original claim.
               | 
               | > This comes across as quite rude, TBH.
               | 
               | Sorry if you saw it as rude, but I was politely asking
               | from my perspective. It's normal to ask folks for
               | evidence backing up their claim when you don't find it
               | believable. How could I have asked my question in a more
               | polite way?
               | 
               | > Use your imagination before you just jump in and
               | belittle an argument.
               | 
               | I did. And I failed to come up with an explanation based
               | on my decades of work experience. Healthcare has never
               | chained me to a job even when I had health problems.
               | Pretty much every company offers a healthcare plan. The
               | only thing that ever concerned me was becoming
               | unemployed.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I have been buying health insurance that uses Blue Cross
               | Blue Shield's network in the US, and in 4 different
               | states with 4 different health insurance companies on
               | east and west coast it did not seem to make any
               | difference.
               | 
               | I have bought them on healthcare.gov, and I have received
               | them from employer, and it all seems to be
               | interchangeable from my experience over the last 10+
               | years.
        
               | Tijdreiziger wrote:
               | And what about long-term illness? If he fell ill for 1+
               | year, would his salary and healthcare be guaranteed or
               | would he go bankrupt?
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | All US employers I've worked for included disability and
               | long-term injury insurance as standard benefits, in
               | addition to always offering the best-tier health-plans
               | (from non-profit insurers too). Unemployment insurance is
               | another (legally mandatory) benefit that outshines
               | whatever I'd get in the UK because it isn't considered a
               | public-benefit (i.e. it's not the state or Feds paying it
               | ("welfare" as yanks call it), it's still a insurance pool
               | model where the payouts are proportional to your salary
               | and not some arbitrary income limit the DWP set for the
               | year, nor is means-tested or requires me to use-up my
               | savings first - so in WA (
               | https://esd.wa.gov/unemployment/calculate-your-benefit )
               | I'd be getting about $4k/mo for 6 months, for comparison
               | I quickly ran the numbers on benefits-
               | calculator.turn2us.org.uk (there's no official UK
               | calculator, wat) just now and got... PS300/mo - and
               | that's only after I exhaust all my savings first. (To be
               | fair, I could just purchase private unemployment
               | insurance in the UK too, except I'd be paying for it
               | myself out-of-pocket (though it might be a tax-deductible
               | expense?) whereas in WA employers are required to pay
               | into it at no cost to the employee, IIRC).
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | > long-term injury insurance
               | 
               | It eventually runs out. The US healthcare system can
               | eventually bankrupt you no matter how careful you are, if
               | your health problems are serious enough.
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | I don't know about Facebook, but at other BigTechs we
               | were offered very affordable short and long term
               | disability plans. And if your income is low enough (e.g.
               | laid off or fired), you qualify for ACA health plans with
               | huge subsidies making it almost free.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | > long term disability plans
               | 
               | It eventually runs out. Medical bankruptcy is pretty
               | widespread in the US.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | That's is indeed where the US system fails. Overall
               | though I think the risk reward ratio favors the US for
               | young healthy engineers. Save up enough to retire at 45
               | and then get yourself to a country with good nationalized
               | healthcare.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | Facebook very probably has a group long-term disability
               | insurance policy which adequately its employees in that
               | case. Google did when I worked there many years ago. Some
               | supports might also come from Social Security Disability
               | Insurance, Medicare, and loans or withdrawals from
               | retirement accounts that are far better funded at
               | Facebook US than at Facebook UK.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | > long-term disability insurance policy
               | 
               | It eventually runs out. Medical bankruptcy is pretty
               | widespread in the US.
        
               | m4jor wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | I agree you need to consider total compensation. It's
               | still not even close though.
               | 
               | The company pays half the cost of excellent healthcare
               | and the remaining payment is very affordable. Maybe in
               | the case of a very serious long term illness you might go
               | bankrupt, in which case the NHS these days is also not as
               | much of a guarantee as it used to be.
               | 
               | The risk to reward ratio is acceptable. Most healthy
               | young people with talent are far better off working in
               | the US and saving enough to retire at 45 years old. I say
               | this as someone who would like it to not be true having
               | loved living and working in the EU and UK for many years.
               | But the numbers do not add up. It's especially sad
               | because it results in brain drain. The saddest part of it
               | is that there is no reason Facebook can't afford to pay
               | the Dan Abramovs of the world the compensation they would
               | get in the US. I'd like to better understand why the gap
               | is so big.
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | What a silly, coping lie. A Facebook engineer in the US
               | gets good private healthcare insurance.
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | Hot-take: It's an emotional defence mechanism: on-the-
               | whole the UK and US are far too similar and integrated
               | that it's natural for middle-class Brits to larely
               | consider themselves peers, and not near-peers, of their
               | US counterparts - so when you have that view of yourself
               | and your place in the world but then look at the stark
               | the income disparity, you're going to comfort yourself
               | with all of the bad things about the US (and the US' bad
               | things are legion) - and invoking the egalitarian NHS
               | happens because the UK gets its impression of the US
               | healthcare "system" (industry?) from things like Michael
               | Moore's _Sicko_ or Times columnists reporting on all the
               | messed-up healthcare injustices that happen in the US -
               | but there is a very real ignorance of what healthcare is
               | like in the US when the system does actually work well
               | for you.
               | 
               | And if it isn't NHS vs. "doesn't &everyone* get medical-
               | bankruptcy?" then it'll be about guns, or the death
               | penalty, or overt racism in the south, or corporate
               | america's excesses, or US foreign-policy, and so on.
               | Because those are the things that Channel 4 will report
               | on - but you won't see or read stories that upset
               | anyone's feelings on their place in the world: and it
               | works on everyone: I've already mentioned Guardian-
               | reading types, but also and especially the Brexit-types:
               | who still desperately want to believe the British empire
               | could be brought-back because the Daily Express told them
               | so.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | As much as I like the NHS, it's pretty shit compared to
               | the healthcare a Facebook employee would get in the US.
               | 
               | Wait weeks to see a GP, long waiting times to see a
               | specialist or for treatment, rationing of access to
               | technology like MRIs, and a risk of dying in a hospital
               | car park or corridor, or being killed by an overworked
               | A&E doctor.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, the NHS is great, I love that Boris
               | Johnson got more or less the same care in St Thomas' that
               | a homeless person would have received (perhaps a bit
               | better).
               | 
               | But on an individual level, the FB engineer in US
               | certainly has better care available to them than one in
               | the UK.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | The one case where your argument fails is very serious
               | illnesses where you can't continue to work. In the US you
               | will end up with worse care.
               | 
               | And let's hope the NHS problems are temporary. When I
               | worked in London and the US ten years ago, I always
               | preferred the NHS because the waiting times were shorter
               | and the quality of care was much higher. I used the NHS a
               | few weeks ago. It wasn't horrible and I got good quality
               | of care within a reasonable time. But it's nothing close
               | to how good it used to be so for the serious part of my
               | care I went to the far better hospital in Brazil covered
               | by my employer provided insurance.
               | 
               | I would guess the NHS will change. Voters are unhappy
               | with the reckless defunding of what used to be a national
               | pride.
               | 
               | The US does provide better care right now if you are rich
               | or privileged enough to have a job that is in demand. But
               | a well funded NHS is a far better system if the political
               | will to get back to that exists.
        
               | kriro wrote:
               | There's "catastrophic injury/health" insurance in the
               | U.S. You just don't get it by default. I did a bit of
               | research into the topic in the past and my takeaway is
               | that if you buy the right insurance packages you get
               | pretty much the same coverage in the U.S. that you'd get
               | here (Germany) except you have the option not to do it.
               | From what I gather it's also not that much more
               | expensive, I'd argue the quality of care in the U.S. is
               | probably better (it's pretty high in Germany but the U.S.
               | is probably the #1 in the world on average) and the
               | service quality for someone with this kind of insurance
               | package is better for sure (longer waiting times in
               | Germany for certain procedures/issues for example). All
               | of this is assuming you're lucky enough to have a decent
               | job/salary (which we are as tech people).
               | 
               | I guess it looks more grim for the "lower end of the
               | spectrum" in the U.S.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | > I would guess the NHS will change. Voters are unhappy
               | with the reckless defunding of what used to be a national
               | pride.
               | 
               | I am not sure that is the case? The country seems to have
               | a weird obsession with the NHS and seems to
               | downplay/overlook its problems. Frankly even before its
               | recent woes, I found it pretty shit compared to
               | socialized healthcare in France.
               | 
               | The _current_ state of the NHS should prompt riots, yet
               | everyone seems complacent in seeing their literal
               | lifeline being destroyed by greedy, incompetent  & senile
               | oligarchs.
        
               | RhysU wrote:
               | > ...very serious illnesses where you can't continue to
               | work.
               | 
               | In the US, if possible, carry long term disability
               | insurance to mitigate this risk.
        
               | sentinalien wrote:
               | They're fairly competitive compared to the rest of the
               | world. He is also working for a US company who could pay
               | him more if they really wanted to. US salaries are high
               | because the US has a glut of engineering jobs and is also
               | a difficult place to immigrate to (generally requires you
               | to have family ties or a job offer which is not easy to
               | obtain when you might not be granted a work visa and
               | won't realistically be able to start for about 6 months).
               | If the US ever adopted a more lax immigration system in
               | line with the UK, Canada, the EU etc I would expect US
               | engineering salaries to drop.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | > They're fairly competitive compared to the rest of the
               | world.
               | 
               | That's accurate. But what surprises me is how much in
               | demand software engineers are globally and how little
               | they get paid in most countries. It doesn't make any
               | sense to me that Dan Abramov could more than triple his
               | salary at Facebook just by being employed by the US
               | branch. The value he provides to the company would in no
               | way change.
        
               | kriro wrote:
               | In what world is the post-Brexit UK immigration system
               | lax?
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | Compared to the US system of workers' visas, it's
               | incredibly lax. Unless I'm misinformed. I haven't had to
               | think about it much though, as I'm an Irish citizen and
               | can come and go as I please.
        
             | msy wrote:
             | The UK has a long intellectual tradition which creates a
             | steady stream of creative and capable engineers. Capital
             | however is predominately held via inherited wealth and its
             | controllers want rentier incomes with low risk. As a
             | consequence there is low appetite for risky new ventures
             | and those that want to undertake them mostly migrate
             | elsewhere. What's left is a stock market dominated by
             | octogenarian+ dianosaurs, a decaying rump of manufacturing,
             | a finance sector that mostly makes its bread laundering the
             | capital of the world's corrupt and corruptors and a tiny
             | creative industry that clings on despite suffering through
             | waves of either government neglect, or worse yet,
             | government interest.
        
               | bhewes wrote:
               | But then they did Brexit and the island has to work
               | again.
        
               | deskamess wrote:
               | Canada has many similarities. The inherited wealth is
               | essentially banks and oligarchs. You pretty much have to
               | be risk free to get any funding. Lots of window dressing
               | and marketing to make Canada look good. If it were not
               | for US companies (Cisco, Google, etc) the Canadian tech
               | salary would be closer to Europe. Once you start living
               | here you realize the truth about how much they value
               | tech, protectionism, the incompetence of the telecom
               | sector, stodgy banking and finance, poor education,
               | unaffordable housing, and declining access to health
               | (Ontario and stories from the Maritimes since health is
               | provincial - cannot speak of Alberta/BC/etc).
               | 
               | All subpar but the marketing and virtue signaling is
               | great. A lot of 'make Canada look good' comes at the
               | expense of Canadians.
        
               | speed_spread wrote:
               | Quebec has had a few wins over the years with massive
               | indirect subsidies toward strategic industries, notably
               | gaming and AI. Public money is spent to attract big
               | players which hire a critical mass of talent which leads
               | to more players moving in and eventually some private
               | risk capital becoming available for startups pending to
               | the needs of the big guys. Nothing comparable to the
               | American VC system though.
        
               | ckdarby wrote:
               | I live in Quebec. It's all for show to prop Quebec up as
               | a place to even do business in.
               | 
               | There's nothing in the tech space that is worth even
               | looking at twice in this province that isn't
               | headquartered elsewhere. Most larger companies open up
               | here just to tap into the potential talent that don't
               | want to leave their home province and a lot of companies
               | aren't willing to put in the effort of dealing with
               | Quebec being the exception to everything.
               | 
               | If you want to understand Quebec it really boils down to
               | three points:
               | 
               | - Protect French language - Protect culture - Have more
               | children. This achieves 1 & 2 in a cycle.
               | 
               | Things that are going well for the province, cheaper car
               | insurance, cheaper housing, cheaper electricity, and
               | subsidize daycare. Oh! This all ties back into our 3
               | rules.
               | 
               | All these advantages come at the cost of higher taxes,
               | but that is apart of the strategy. Don't build wealth,
               | but just provide enough for hope, dreams of having a
               | family and rope as many into this to fulfil the 3 points.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > Quebec has had a few wins over the years with massive
               | indirect subsidies toward strategic industries, notably
               | gaming and AI
               | 
               | And aviation. The Bombardier C-Series is a very advanced
               | plane, and the first modern plane developed outside of
               | Boeing or Airbus (outside of the smaller regional
               | Embraer). Sadly American protectionism was the final nail
               | in the coffin for the programme, but Airbus is comitted
               | to the Mirabel site and assembly line, so Quebec still is
               | one of the top aviation hubs in the world.
        
               | Fluorescence wrote:
               | > Capital however is predominately held via inherited
               | wealth
               | 
               | Curious to see you prove that beyond an imagined
               | stereotype. It's not as though we are in the first
               | generation of US entrepreneurship and there is not a huge
               | quantity of US inherited wealth in those VC funds. The
               | founders of Intel, Apple, Walmart, Standard Oil etc. have
               | all passed on. And on the other side, it's not like there
               | haven't been a dozen generations since Norman lords
               | chopping up all the land wealth. I think only one British
               | billionaire is an aristo, the rest are business folk.
               | 
               | People underestimate the effect of how wealth attracts
               | wealth in terms of commercial hubs - money chases
               | opportunity and opportunities chase money and they end up
               | in the same place for all sorts of reasons. It's just a
               | system effect rather than a consequence of higher virtues
               | that some love grant themselves.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Hmm, maybe it will be fun to go through https://en.wikipe
               | dia.org/wiki/List_of_British_billionaires_b...
               | 
               | - Dyson: actually an innovator! Made many of the same
               | criticisms of the UK lack of tech strategy. Promoted
               | Brexit, which has made the situation worse by erecting
               | barriers to a key UK market.
               | 
               | - Ratcliffe: owns INEOS: oil refineries. Old school
               | engineering? Or just provision of capital?
               | 
               | - Hinduja: purchaser of Ashok Leyland, which became a
               | huge success once unshackled from disastrous management
               | of British Leyland. Counts as "engineering" but not
               | "tech"?
               | 
               | - Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster: classic aristo
               | landlord. Owns large areas of London.
               | 
               | - Platt: hedge funds.
               | 
               | ""The reality is that there is no willingness within the
               | Eurozone to share wealth," he said. "In the United
               | States, if California is having a really difficult time,
               | the rest of the United States will send money to
               | California. This is not the case in Europe." --
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Platt_(financier) ,
               | perhaps a surprising advocate of redistribution
               | 
               | - Coates: gambling. Counts as "tech startup" (bet365)
               | 
               | - Bamford: heir to JCB, the excavator company.
               | "Engineering". Brexiter, as a result of being sued for
               | antitrust by EU
               | 
               | - Branson: definitely self-made, across a large number of
               | different companies. Space billionaire, closest figure to
               | British Musk.
               | 
               | - Currie: also INEOS. Almost no wp bio.
               | 
               | - Reece: also INEOS. Almost no wp bio.
               | 
               | - Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan: aristo. Dead.
               | 
               | - Lewis: trader. Like Soros, profited from Black
               | Wednesday. Under arrest in Manhattan.
               | 
               | - Reuben: metals. Seem to have made a killing from 90s
               | Russia.
               | 
               | - Graff: diamonds. Looks like classic self-made from
               | nothing story?
               | 
               | - Calder: Jive records.
               | 
               | - Morris: Home Bargains. Wildly successful discount
               | shopkeeper.
               | 
               | (you know who's NOT on this list? Anyone to do with ARM.
               | Even Hermann Hauser appears to have only PS150m net
               | worth)
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | > you know who's NOT on this list? Anyone to do with ARM.
               | Even Hermann Hauser appears to have only PS150m net
               | worth)
               | 
               | I wonder if ARM's success, or rather, popularity and
               | market dominanance, is because they (intentionally or
               | otherwise) devalued themselves enough.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Indeed - they appear to be great engineers and terrible
               | business-people.
               | 
               | They have collected very little profit from their market-
               | dominating IP.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | They aren't terrible business people at all!
               | 
               | If they collected much more profit from each device sale
               | then they wouldn't _have_ market-dominating IP. Because
               | they 'd have competitors who could undercut them.
               | 
               | As it is, a tiny firm of people make an extremely good
               | living off a margin that nobody in the business can
               | really quibble with, and it has without conflict
               | sustained them to do greater and greater work that has
               | changed the world.
               | 
               | You watch: ARM post-IPO will inevitably have to start
               | squeezing more juice out of the market to give to
               | greedier, more transactional, more activist shareholders,
               | and this will fuck up the balance entirely.
               | 
               | An ARM IPO isn't really going to be good for anyone, I
               | think.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Indeed. You can see in some of the comments here the
               | American mentality simply could not have made ARM
               | successful because they would have been too busy
               | competing with their own customers. For ARM to take off
               | and be trusted they had to knowingly leave valuable
               | profit margins around for their customers to be able to
               | take advantage of.
               | 
               | The defining question is if the world is better off by
               | having people play that game or the one where everyone
               | tries to takeover everything all the time.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Microsoft minted many fortunes by leaving valuable profit
               | margins around for third party developers.
               | 
               | It's a longer game, so hopefully ARM employees still own
               | some equity.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Where are these third party developers that made decent
               | money and Microsoft didn't subsequently try to eat their
               | piece of the pie?
               | 
               | It is a repeated pattern and people are not stupid. (See
               | also the Sherlock phenomenon with Apple). Valve, for
               | example, have to invest in proton as the ultimate back up
               | plan. For me personally that has proven quite helpful,
               | but your initial business has to be wildly successful for
               | you to be able to play defensive moves like that.
               | 
               | This leads to a situation where mid sized companies are
               | few in number and unstable.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | > and Microsoft didn't subsequently try to eat their
               | piece of the pie?
               | 
               | That second part wasn't in the original claim, though.
               | The parent comment is right. Sure, 21st century Microsoft
               | has come for the utilities market, for the Lotus-to-
               | Evernote market, etc., etc., but an entire software
               | industry really did spring up in the eighties through to
               | the early 2000s filling gaps in Microsoft software.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Oracle, SAP, Adobe, VMware, Intuit, AutoDesk, Activision
               | Blizzard, Epic Games, Electronic Arts, just to list a few
               | still surviving companies.
               | 
               | Microsoft absolutely expands into areas it considers
               | strategic profit or capability centers. E.g. office
               | productivity, web browser, database, gaming, etc.
               | 
               | But they, and especially early/smaller Microsoft
               | (90s-00s), left a _ton_ of money on the table for the
               | good of the platform. Because they realized they couldn
               | 't do it all and be best-of-everything.
               | 
               | The fact that Microsoft can deploy its level of resources
               | (e.g. crush Lotus) when they decide to doesn't mean that
               | they always decide to.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | > Oracle, SAP, Adobe, VMware, Intuit, AutoDesk,
               | Activision Blizzard, Epic Games, Electronic Arts
               | 
               | SQL Server, Dynamics, TrueType/Silverlight, Hyper-V,
               | Microsoft Money, Softimage was owned by MS, Activision
               | are in the process of being bought by MS, Epic and EA
               | both compete with MS.
               | 
               | In the case of the above Microsoft has tried to compete
               | with, kill, or acquire all of them. That's using others
               | to do the hard work of market discovery.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | Indeed, Microsoft has offerings in many of these
               | categories, one reason I specifically mentioned
               | databases.
               | 
               | And yet, these companies are all extremely large and
               | healthy.
               | 
               | Microsoft acquiring Activision Blizzard is a great
               | example, because it speaks to the modern competitive
               | landscape.
               | 
               | Microsoft isn't "using others to do the hard work of
               | market discovery." Activision Blizzard has a USD$72b
               | market cap.
               | 
               | That's a hyperscaled conglomerate attempting to buy a
               | still-huge company.
               | 
               | And if you want to suggest Microsoft's behavior is unique
               | in that... I'd suggest we start with redressing the lax
               | competitive laws that (a) make Microsoft feel it needs to
               | do that to compete with its rivals & (b) allow Microsoft
               | to buy Activision Blizzard.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Those companies are only that big because of profit on
               | non-Microsoft platforms, including these days the web and
               | mobile. For example, Activision (founded to make Atari
               | 2600 games) are being acquired because of their console
               | and mobile properties - the value derived from the PC is
               | there but relatively small and historic. The amounts
               | Microsoft have burned trying to make money from gaming
               | defy belief, instead they seem determined to destroy the
               | viability of the market for everyone.
               | 
               | One reason I am pessimistic about Arm's future is they
               | will struggle to balance raising money for future needed
               | R&D without creating the appearance of being too
               | lucrative a target for a nVidia or SoftBank wanting to
               | play monopoly. That is going to push people to RISC-V. I
               | hope they manage to do something, but they're in for a
               | rough time.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | > For ARM to take off and be trusted they had to
               | knowingly leave valuable profit margins around for their
               | customers to be able to take advantage of.
               | 
               | Exactly this.
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | I would be surprised if many Brits know of ARM as a
               | British success story. Ditto for Raspberry Pi or
               | Deepmind. These things are just not celebrated, it seems.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | If you ask people in the street to name a famous living
               | British technologist, they might come up with Tim
               | Berners-Lee or James Dyson, but they are never going to
               | name Sophie Wilson.
               | 
               | (I wonder what answers you would get?)
        
               | frutiger wrote:
               | Alan Turing (on the PS5 note) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel
               | maybe?
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Alas pjc50 specified _living_ British technologists.
               | 
               | I mean, Britain has many great technologists if you're
               | willing to count the likes of Arkwright (died 1792),
               | Babbage (died 1871), Watt (died 1819), Faraday (died
               | 1867), Randall (died 1984), Bell (died 1922), Harrison
               | (died 1776), Logie Baird (died 1946), Stephenson (died
               | 1848) etc
               | 
               | But some would say if a country's list of technology
               | greats has so many dead people on it, perhaps that
               | country's glory days are over.
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | PS50 pound note, william churchill is the one on the PS5
               | note.
               | 
               | This is burned into my brain. because I heard a joke when
               | the redesign came out about him going from not being
               | accepted by his country to not being accepted in Lidl.
               | (PS50 notes are often refused in the UK for fear of
               | counterfeit.)
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Yes - hence the more interesting qualifier "living"
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | It is upsetting to me but you are right, they'd know
               | Dyson. (I wish they would instead know the name Chris
               | Duncan, the inventor of the Henry vacuum cleaner and
               | while still a Brexiteer, a man who hasn't subsequently
               | kicked dirt in the eye of the UK).
               | 
               | They wouldn't remember Tim Berners-Lee's actual name but
               | they would be able to say, the web guy. (Which is
               | probably better for him when he goes shopping).
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | TBL was in the 2012 Olympic opening ceremony!
               | 
               | But yes, few people who actually _build_ things, get to
               | be famous public figures. Possibly due to being too busy
               | to engage with the media nonsense or even worse social
               | media nonsense.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | He was indeed :-) But I suspect more people could
               | recognise his charming unassuming face than remember his
               | actual name.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | A decent number of Brits know about the Raspberry Pi, but
               | it is true to say that a hell of a lot more know what the
               | BBC micro:bit is.
               | 
               | None of them would recognise Eben Upton (except as Jason
               | Statham)
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | I cannot prove it, and this is entirely anecdotal, but my
               | friends and I have observed it first-hand from VC
               | dealings and friends in the right UK circles. Inherited
               | generational wealth and class in my experience powers UK
               | investment, particularly in the start-up scene, much more
               | than in the USA. Of course, there are some exceptions I
               | can think of in the UK but it is very much tied up with
               | the class system there and understanding this makes life
               | easier. The same situation affects other European
               | countries to some degree, and many people I know have had
               | to go to US VC firms to get funding. I have spent a lot
               | of time working in all of these countries to some extent
               | and the UK class system seems to be increasingly
               | stifling. YMMV though.
        
               | te_chris wrote:
               | Absolutely. As others have alluded to: angels abound, but
               | look at the pedigree of the associates and partners at VC
               | funds based in London and it all falls into place. I
               | assume it's because it's a relatively easy job that you
               | don't need much talent for. Perfect for an intelligent
               | but bored dauphin.
        
               | scrlk wrote:
               | So I need the correct "old boys" school tie and a pair of
               | red trousers to get funded by UK investors? :^)
        
               | Fluorescence wrote:
               | Nah, the OP is talking bollocks. The angels I know are
               | all middle/working-class entrepreneurs. There is no
               | upper-class conspiracy holding people back, there just
               | isn't much money. Non-Brits don't really understand that
               | class is not money. Red trousers are closer to farmers
               | than businessmen. If you are British and want to be a
               | tech investor, you go to the US too.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > There is no upper-class conspiracy holding people back,
               | there just isn't much money.
               | 
               | I think the argument is that there _is_ plenty of money,
               | it's just parked safely and quietly in property rather
               | than investing in production or R&D. And not a
               | "conspiracy" as much as the blank look the property
               | investor class give you when you can't promise risk free
               | leveraged 7% forever.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | I don't see how that is anyone holding anyone back?
               | 
               | Why would you want to take funding from someone expecting
               | no stress or hassle?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > Why would you want to take funding from someone
               | expecting no stress or hassle?
               | 
               | The important word here is "money". There isn't a surfeit
               | of money available from more suitable investors.
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | Thanks for the kind words. I actually agree a lot with
               | what you say, and would just add my personal experiences,
               | and be interested in learning more, but I don't think you
               | established the tone for further conversation here.
        
               | Fluorescence wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
               | Make that knee-high grey shorts, a graze on your knee,
               | and a Prefect following closely behind you with some
               | implement of abuse.
        
               | kalleboo wrote:
               | And find a pig that catches your eye
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | Though even the rent-seekers ought to see some value in
               | ARM.
        
               | bartread wrote:
               | > want rentier incomes with low risk.
               | 
               | I don't know if I buy your point about inherited wealth
               | but there is what I'd describe as a stifling culture of
               | rentseeking that, if not actively encouraged is certainly
               | tolerated and overlooked, at many levels of society, and
               | across both businesses and public organisations. And once
               | you become aware of it you start to realise how obnoxious
               | and oppressive it is.
               | 
               | We certainly don't lack for talent, but we're very good
               | at suppressing or wasting it.
        
               | hsjqllzlfkf wrote:
               | "there is a culture of rent seeking" must be the
               | understatement of the year. What the UK understands as
               | "entrepreneurship" is buying property to rent. This is
               | everyone from your grandma to the shiniest MBAs.
        
               | bartread wrote:
               | Aye. Nothing against housing associations that provide
               | much needed social housing but the vast majority of
               | private landlords[0], including AirBnB owners, are
               | absolute parasites that have an entirely corrosive effect
               | on communities and society as a whole. Indolent
               | freeloading bloodsuckers.
               | 
               |  _[0] I 'm sure there are exceptions: in fact I know
               | there are. There are always exceptions. 20-odd years ago
               | for a while I shared a flat with a couple of guys where
               | the private landlord deliberately charged far below
               | market rent in order to be able to offer affordable
               | accommodation to people who weren't well off. Good
               | people, the family that owned that place._
        
               | truckerbill wrote:
               | You don't buy the point about a country with royal family
               | that owns vast swathes of land?
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | No such point was made (regarding a royal family).
               | 
               | Incidentally, the Royal Family themselves privately own
               | 1/250th of the UK's land, and it is mostly not
               | particularly valuable. Only about PS15bn.
               | 
               | As a proportion this is only four times what the richest
               | private landowner (the Emmersons) in the USA owns of the
               | USA. And the Emmersons have come by their share pretty
               | quickly by comparison, wouldn't you say?
               | 
               | The Duke of Westminster (not a member of the royal
               | family) has a physically much smaller (private) estate
               | that is worth more than half of the royal estate.
               | 
               | What the royal family own privately should not be
               | confused with what the "Crown" owns. The Crown estate is
               | basically owned and operated by the state.
        
               | cjrp wrote:
               | > As a proportion this is only four times what the
               | richest private landowner (the Emmersons) in the USA owns
               | of the USA. And the Emmersons have come by their share
               | pretty quickly by comparison, wouldn't you say?
               | 
               | If anything, I feel like the speed (or how recently the
               | land was acquired) is actually in the Emmersons favour
               | here. A generation or two ago somebody got wildly
               | successful, vs. land being inherited because your 30x
               | great-grandfather was Henry VIII.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | Yeah. Swings and roundabouts though; most of the truly
               | long-held property of the royal family has become the
               | Crown estate, and over time the family has had to make
               | much more of its income from that wealth due to the
               | contraction of the Civil List.
               | 
               | Charles himself will only have income from his estate
               | (whereas his mother had income from the Civil List)
               | 
               | What I meant to say is that in the blink of an eye,
               | realistically -- in a couple of generations -- you could
               | and probably will have a situation where a single land-
               | owning family in the USA could end up with a very similar
               | proportion of a _vastly_ larger country.
               | 
               | It's probably in the nature of land-owning for this to
               | happen: someone ends up with all of it, then can't
               | maintain it, and it ends up being sold off or dispensed
               | to the state, then sold off, reaccumulated, and the
               | circle continues.
               | 
               | And I think it's a mistake to see the royal family's land
               | ownership as a source of power and influence.
               | Unfortunately we give them the power and influence for no
               | really good reason; the land is a side thing.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | "It's probably in the nature of land-owning for this to
               | happen: someone ends up with all of it, then can't
               | maintain it, and it ends up being sold off or dispensed
               | to the state, then sold off, reaccumulated, and the
               | circle continues."
               | 
               | Realistically, once someone owns everything, they'd never
               | _ever_ have to sell. Because they could just rent it out
               | temporarily for the same price. Demand isn 't that
               | flexible and in absence of other sellers, where else
               | would a would-be buyer take their money?
        
               | te_chris wrote:
               | Excellent comments both yours and the one you replied to.
               | Once you see it you really can't unsee it.
               | 
               | The UK is a marvel that it manages to cultivate such an
               | incredible creative scene in the shadow of the rent
               | seeking mediocrity.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | From my continental Europe perspective I suspect that
               | Americans will inevitably look at those inherited wealth
               | structures through their assumptions of unbounded rent
               | maximization, oblivious to a certain element of
               | responsibility that will be far more present in
               | Europeans, continental or not. "Only because you _can_
               | squeeze out that penny doesn 't necessarily mean that you
               | _should_ " is something that exists in most places that
               | aren't the US. American wealth seems to have that siloed
               | off into charity completely separate from how the money
               | is made than others, "exploit hard/donate hard". I'm
               | certainly not suggesting that everything is fine in the
               | UK, but I do think that certain assumptions that are true
               | in American will tint the picture quite considerably.
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | > Capital however is predominately held via inherited
               | wealth and its controllers want rentier incomes with low
               | risk
               | 
               | You just described the capital markets in the entire
               | western Europe, not just the brits.
        
               | bemusedthrow75 wrote:
               | But also the USA, probably.
               | 
               | If you look past the tech bubble economies where the "new
               | money" owners are, and into the world of physical assets,
               | what you find is a constellation of families
               | concentrating wealth, swirling around the central
               | families of the 21st Century -- the Waltons, the Mars
               | family, the Kochs, and so on down -- a power series of
               | family wealth that has ordinary investors in the long
               | tail.
               | 
               | The USA is easily distracted by the vibrancy of the
               | market-driven tech economy, and hoodwinked into ignoring
               | the astonishing growth of private equity controlled by
               | inherited wealth.
        
               | pipo234 wrote:
               | > a stock market dominated by octogenarian+ dinosaurs, a
               | decaying rump of manufacturing, a finance sector that
               | mostly makes its bread laundering the capital of the
               | world's corrupt and corruptors
               | 
               | Ah! Now I get it. That rhymes with companies like Shell
               | and Unilever leaving the EU in favour of UK after brexit.
               | 
               | (Not that Frankfurt, Milan, Amsterdam or Paris are known
               | to be heavy investors in tech innovation, btw.)
        
               | Lio wrote:
               | Well Shell (and BP) are really likely to get sweetheart
               | deals on North Sea oil from Rishi Sunak which might have
               | swayed them.
               | 
               | Now, I know what you're thinking, that that's just
               | because both firms _coincidentally_ signed multi-billion
               | dollar deals _coincidentally_ with Sunak 's family
               | business, Infosys, to _coincidentally_ outsource all
               | their IT jobs but I assure you that 's a mere
               | _coincidence_.... probably. :P
        
             | gswdh wrote:
             | I'm not sure what that poster was referring to, however in
             | my experience (as a brit), is that the UK is replacing any
             | kind of industry into a service economy aka. people buying
             | shit they don't need. You see this in a number of ways like
             | the physical replacement of industrial areas into shopping
             | centres or the fact the UK can't manufacture rail
             | locomotives - the place where they were invented...
             | 
             | Having said this, there is still a reasonable amount of
             | industry in the UK, the UK is by far the best country in
             | the EU to buy engineering supplies but I think this is a
             | remnant of the past. Most of the major engineering
             | companies in industrial estates are Asian or American
             | owned, now.
        
               | Matl wrote:
               | > the UK is by far the best country in the EU to buy
               | engineering supplies
               | 
               | Germany has a far stronger industrial base still, I'd
               | imagine if you want access to the EU you'd base yourself
               | there.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | > the UK is by far the best country in the EU
               | 
               | The UK is no longer in the EU. Quite a significant point!
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I think a simpler answer is that for directors looking for
             | a cash windfall the US markets are currently a more
             | favourable choice.
        
             | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
             | As it's 2am here, I'll rattle off assorted bullet-points in
             | no particular order:
             | 
             | * The UK's sudden deindustrialisation (1970s-1990s) was
             | inevitable but foreseeable and yet still poorly managed by
             | both political parties, IMHO: _my perception_ is Labour was
             | more interested in propping up whatever heavy-industry
             | remained rather than ease the UK into the future - and as
             | for the Tories... probably best I say nothing there.
             | 
             | * Even before deindustrialisation the overarching business-
             | culture in medium to large businesses in the UK was, and
             | still is, tied to the entrenched class system, insofar as
             | the board-level positions, upper management, sometimes even
             | middle-management, and many specialties like legal, are
             | held by a kind of unofficial aristocacy that looks-out for
             | each-other rather than what's best for the business that
             | they run (let alone the country): some combination of Eton,
             | Harrow, having read Classics at Oxbridge, you can see what
             | I'm getting at. This alone explains how Boris Johnson won
             | his party's leadership and remained in-office despite clear
             | evidence of misconduct in office, and so on and so on.
             | Nepotism is rife here: the middling, uninterested, types
             | get to work at daddy's friends's firm if they can't get
             | recruited by the banks when they do their milk-runs.
             | 
             | * For reasons I haven't fully explored yet, despite the UK
             | being the birthplace of the industrial revolution, and of
             | so many inventions we still rely on today, and of great
             | engineers like Isambard Kingdom Brunel - the engineering
             | profession was never elevated to something Etonians would
             | be interested in - it became a very middle-class
             | occupation. That itself isn't a real problem as far as I'm
             | concerned - the problem comes back to how the layers of
             | management would be literally a class apart from
             | engineering, and that class-divide results in engineering
             | being excluded from management and leadership decisions,
             | no-matter how central or critical engineering is to the
             | company's identity or very purpose - for this reason you
             | won't find many former-engineers being promoted to
             | leadership or management or their experiences and inputs
             | being valued: after all, _the board read Classics_ so _of
             | course_ they know far better about how to run a successful
             | business than a silly engineer from Lancs who plays with
             | his funny slide-rule all day long.
             | 
             | * Even in more progressive companies without the problem of
             | aristocratic management it's difficult to get access to
             | capital, especially for anything remotely risky.
             | 
             | * A small, but still contributing point, that I feel
             | matters slightly, is that different social groups in the UK
             | tend to have differing mental pictures of what
             | "engineering" even is: for many people (possibly even most
             | people? maybe at least _oop north_...) they 'll tell you an
             | engineer is someone who stokes the fire on a stream-train,
             | or fixes their telly when it breaks - MAYBE a civil-
             | engineer - while our preferred answer: "someone who solves
             | problems" would probably be 3rd or 4th down on the Family
             | Fueds survey screen. This is my perception and I hope I'm
             | wrong. As an anecdote, I was in secondary-school and 6th
             | Form during the last of the Labour years when the careers
             | advice service ("Connexxions"[1]) was pushing a very
             | egalitarian view of how careers, further-ed and higher-ed,
             | and professional development should operate - I support
             | their goals, but I feel they got the messaging wrong and
             | misrepresented how many careers operated - for a solid
             | example, I still have my A2-sized full-colour print careers
             | guidebook (with lots of flashy photos to boot) we all got
             | when we were 14 (15? 16?) which certainly contributed
             | towards the perception that (excepting civil engineering)
             | that "engineer" is just another word for "technician":
             | while the book did do justice to civil and chemical
             | engineering, it made no mention of software engineering or
             | electronics engineering, while mechnical engineering was
             | really under-sold to its readers, and electrical
             | engineering was down-right misrepresented. Experiences like
             | these are only going to put-off kids from considering
             | engineering precisely at that age when they're thinking
             | about what they want to do with their life.
             | 
             | * More broadly, I don't think the UK really has many (any?)
             | public-figures who are celebrated as engineering figures -
             | in fact all, of the celebrities I know who have engineering
             | backgrounds got famous for deciding to stop being an
             | engineer: Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean) is an elctrical
             | engineer who went to Queen's College, Carol Voderman did
             | engineering at Cambridge, and so on - while the people I
             | suppose we could be celebrating, like James Dyson, clearly
             | act against the interests of the UK's engineering sector
             | (he moved huge chunks of the company to Singapore). Yes, we
             | have Rolls-Royce jet-engines, BAE Systems, and an
             | assortment of luxury carmakers - but I'm convinced they're
             | only still around because they are strategic national
             | interests, and the UK government has had to bail them out
             | of bankruptcy more times than we'd like, so excepting the
             | defence sector, the UK has no real equivalent of NASA with
             | which to inspire its young children, pre-uni students, and
             | mid-career-shifters.
             | 
             | * Another aspect that I think matters, even if only
             | somewhat slightly, the attitudes of those-in-charge
             | (regardless of their class background: Tory or Labour)
             | towards people-on-the-spectrum and those adjacent to it
             | (i.e. us) - it's a nebulous thing I can't pin-down easily -
             | but until 6th Form I was under constant pressure to conform
             | (because if you don't support any footy team at all then
             | you must be a _right spesh_ ) - it starts right from
             | Reception year in Primary. Of course this is not unique to
             | the UK, I've heard the exact same stories told from people
             | I know who grew up in Iowa or Idaho - but those states
             | aren't exactly known for their engineering sectors either.
             | This extends to an undercurrent of scepticism of things
             | like ADHD; while paternalism and gatekeeping remain in the
             | medical profession, especially in mental health (though
             | things are definitely better than they were 20-30 years
             | ago) - right down to the anti-trans crap Rishi Sunak is
             | still pushing to deflect criticsm of 13 years of Tory rule,
             | never mind it led to the murder of a teenage girl. At least
             | David Cameron wasn't that bad.
             | 
             | * One of the things that Boris Johnson's government did
             | while in power was to up-end the 6th Form examinations
             | system - I'll admit I don't know all the details, but I
             | understand his changed the system to be much closer to the
             | (almost social-Darwinian) way things were when Boris
             | himself was doing his A-Levels: where your final subject
             | grade depends far more on how you do in your finals exams
             | instead of continuous assessment/coursework, with no or
             | very limited opportunities for resits, and removing choices
             | like a-la-carte module selection - but it is exactly and
             | only because of the flexibility afforded to me when I was
             | at that age that my comorbid ASD+ADHD-addled brain was able
             | to get into university (and a very good one at that),
             | whereas I'm certain that I would not be able to manage
             | today with that level of intense exam-prep in only a
             | 2-month window - and without my degree I would not be able
             | to qualify for the H-1B (where a BSc is an absolute
             | requirement) and eventually get my US Green Card.
             | 
             | * It is true that the UK does, actually, succeed in
             | software in one crucial area: video games: Rockstar, DMA,
             | Rare, Codemasters, Hello Games (No Man's Sky), just to name
             | a few - but as others in this thread have remarked:
             | successive UK governments, again, regardless of party, fail
             | to give the sector the credit and support it needs and the
             | UK's success here is in-spite of everything, not because of
             | it. Crucially, the UK's games sector was built on the home-
             | computer revolution of the 1980s - successive governments
             | have had plenty of opportunities to repeat that success,
             | but so far all I've seen is the 2016 BBC micro:bit project
             | - which honestly felt like a gimmick than something to
             | inspire kids with.
             | 
             | * Things aren't all bad though: I'm happy to see things
             | like Scratch being taught in primary-schools and A-Level
             | Computer Science now being closer to undergraduate level
             | than glorified-ICT than it was in my day - but these things
             | won't address the larger social, cultural, and attitudinal
             | issues at play here.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connexions_(agency)
        
               | fact_check wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | iamflimflam1 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Everyone forgets that ARM's success was built on Sophie
               | Wilson.
        
               | fact_check wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Goes all the way back to
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Two_Cultures and beyond.
             | 
             | The UK has a great engineering tradition, especially from
             | the Victorian and Empire eras, all the way up to WW2, but
             | it seems that after that there was a dramatic and
             | incredibly short sighted turn to economisation and avoiding
             | investment.
             | 
             | The absolute poster child for this was the UK space
             | programme, which was cancelled just before the launch of
             | its first rocket. The director of the programme decided to
             | defy orders and launch anyway, on the grounds that
             | everything was ready and he was in Australia. But this
             | pervades everything. The TBMs for Euston HS2 have been
             | bought, but are going to spend the next year buried doing
             | nothing, because there's a persistent desire to cancel HS2
             | _after_ most of the work has been done but _before_ any of
             | the benefits are gained.
             | 
             | Concorde somehow escaped cancellation multiple times. The
             | UK developed its own nuclear reactor technology (Magnox)
             | then gave up and let Electricite de France run everything.
             | 
             | I've heard this complaint from several people in
             | Cambridge's "startup" industry too. There are hardly any
             | angel investors. The amounts of money available are tiny.
             | Got an idea? Tough, you'll have to develop it in your own
             | literal garden shed at your own expense. The local capital
             | owners are far more interested in property, which doesn't
             | require any thinking.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I'm not British, but it is my understanding that after
               | WW1 and WW2 the money had just dried up when it came to
               | capital-intensive projects. I've just finished reading a
               | book [1] that explicitly mentions the lack of available
               | money as a reason for the Brits having to give up their
               | Sea Power status just after WW2.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Seapower-States-Maritime-
               | Continental-...
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | This was certainly a real problem, as was the whole IMF
               | rescue business in the 70s, but not across the whole
               | postwar period. More could have been done with the oil
               | wealth than turn it into a real estate boom, for example.
               | 
               | Realistically the UK gave up sea power status sometime
               | during WW2 when we were massively outbuilt by the US, and
               | the collapse of imperialism as a ""business model"" took
               | care of the rest by making us fall back on our own
               | resources rather than simply taking them.
        
               | rjmunro wrote:
               | > Concorde somehow escaped cancellation
               | 
               | Was that because it was owned by a government treaty with
               | France? Neither country could cancel without the other.
               | 
               | The final result was way overbudget and not a market fit,
               | but a bunch of skills and technology went on to Airbus.
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | More likely there is just more capital available in the US
           | markets - the Arm listing won't be small.
           | 
           | A lot of US funds have restrictions as to how much they can
           | invest outside the US.
        
             | jacooper wrote:
             | Why?
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | Not protected by US regulation and law.
               | 
               | So if you are a US pension fund that has all it's funds
               | in Nigeria ( to pick an example ) - can it be said to be
               | safe under US law?
               | 
               | Ironically the inverse problem EU countries have with US
               | tech firms holding their citizens data - however it that
               | case the response is generally 'la la la'.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | https://www.investor.gov/introduction-
               | investing/investing-ba...
        
             | cowsandmilk wrote:
             | > A lot of US funds have restrictions as to how much they
             | can invest outside the US.
             | 
             | I'm not sure that's relevant. ARM is listing American
             | Depository Shares, so this is still usually viewed as an
             | international investment.
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | Are you sure - I always thought the whole point of ADRs
               | was to make foreign company shares available on the
               | American markets?
               | 
               | In fact the SEC says
               | 
               | 'ADRs allow U.S. investors to invest in non-U.S.companies
               | '
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/investor/alerts/adr-bulletin.pdf
        
           | spiralpolitik wrote:
           | The fact that the UK government allowed ARM to be sold to
           | Softbank in the first place speaks volumes for how much the
           | UK government values engineering.
        
             | t43562 wrote:
             | The fact that they allowed Imagination Technologies to be
             | sold to a Chinese company in this age of GPU powered AI is
             | ......... even worse of an example
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Imagination was sold in 2017, well before the AI boom.
        
         | dvngnt_ wrote:
         | at least you got healthcare or something
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | slowmotiony wrote:
           | And you don't have one...? In that case I'd highly recommend
           | you to get insured too.
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | Most people who can afford it do. We still come out and
             | cheer for the national religion once in a while though
             | since we are told repeatedly it is the envy of the world.
        
               | tchaffee wrote:
               | No the British news accurately reports on how bad it has
               | become after over a decade of politicians defunding it.
               | It's sad. When I left London a decade ago I had no reason
               | to ever use my private insurance. NHS was excellent. Now
               | I still use NHS when I visit but it not to the very high
               | standards it used to be. And I have to sometimes use my
               | private insurance. Everyone knows this and talks about
               | it. I don't expect this to continue though. Most people
               | want to return to a well funded and more functional NHS.
        
         | ricardobayes wrote:
         | The business enviroment is a lot better in the US, a friend
         | just started a company there, got an unsecured 80k line of
         | credit at 1.5% on a fresh LLC. This kind of thing doesn't exist
         | in the UK. I know people who couldn't even get a 5k overdraft
         | after 2 years in business (and profitable).
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | Why would anyone lend to a new business at 1.5% when they can
           | get 5% risk free ?
        
             | commonlisp94 wrote:
             | because it's the government on the other side of the loan
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | There has to be a catch. Maybe a teaser rate?
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Sounds like English banking has not changed much from 20
           | years ago, when I needed to spend 3 months in the UK, had to
           | have a uk bank account to rent a flat, but needed an English
           | residence to open a bank account.
        
             | mnahkies wrote:
             | In terms of personal banking it's definitely gotten easier
             | for new comers with the likes of Monzo and Revolut - I had
             | no problem opening account on arrival. From what I've heard
             | the high street banks have improved a bit in this regard
             | too, probably in response to the challenger banks taking
             | market share.
             | 
             | Finding a place to rent on the other hand is still
             | difficult, particularly without a history of renting in the
             | UK
        
             | noelwelsh wrote:
             | Consumer banking has radically changed. I can't comment on
             | needing a residence to open a bank account to get a
             | residence, because although I ran into the same issue when
             | I first came here it's been a long time since that was a
             | problem for me. In other aspect personal banking is much
             | much easier. Many banks allow you to open accounts online,
             | for example.
        
             | googamooga wrote:
             | Yeah, and to prove your English residence you have to
             | provide a paper bill from a utility company (water or
             | electricity) with your name and address on it. Which adds
             | another 3 month as those utility bills are on a quarterly
             | basis. Crazy stuff...
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | And if it is a high demand area you need to look more
             | spanky than all the other applicants: great jobs, rental
             | references, no kids/pets, older couple prefered of sharers.
             | In London you also need to make an offer on the spot.
        
             | kranke155 wrote:
             | That's definitely changed. I had little issues with this in
             | 2015 using a letter of proof of employment.
        
             | hawk_ wrote:
             | I can confirm that it was the same at least ~6 years ago
             | when I went through the same.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | > in the US, a friend just started a company there, got an
           | unsecured 80k line of credit at 1.5% on a fresh LLC
           | 
           | This almost certainly required a personal guarantee (the
           | friend would have to promise to repay the loan in the case
           | the LLC could not).
        
         | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
         | Does it make a big difference where a stock is listed? ARM will
         | still be headquartered in the UK.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Not particularly, London isn't exactly known for its share
           | trading anyhow.
        
           | DiscoDays wrote:
           | What does it mean that Arm is headquartered in the UK,
           | practically speaking? What kind of a change would need to
           | happen for, say, the Austin office to become the headquarter?
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | If I remember one of the original conditions put on the
             | acquisition of ARM by the UK gov was that HQ stays in the
             | UK. So I doubt that will change. Can't say I'm familiar
             | with the tangible benefits, but I assume is exposes ARM to
             | UK law and regulation more than if the HQ was in another
             | country. And retains some jobs in the UK.
             | 
             | There must be some benefit for governments to make such a
             | request.
        
         | SillyUsername wrote:
         | Well Mrs May f'ked that one up. It used to be on UK AIM (LSE)
         | until she waved it through despite security interests and minor
         | UK shareholders (i.e. me) not wanting to sell. Cue BoJo later
         | grovelling to ARM once they actually realised they'd sold off
         | one of the biggest UK IT companies and tried to get them back.
        
         | nicechianti wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | fidotron wrote:
         | It is worth noting when ARM was public before (starting in
         | 1998) it was listed on Nasdaq and the LSE in order to access US
         | capital.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | You can not trade LSE stocks on zero commision US apps, thus
         | you can not become a meme stonk.
        
         | tomatocracy wrote:
         | I don't think it's about lack of capital but higher valuations.
         | For reasons which don't seem to be well understood, investors
         | on US markets seem to be willing to bid higher multiples than
         | investors on UK and most other markets.
        
           | kypro wrote:
           | More liquidity. No stamp duty on share purchases. Prices
           | denominated in the world's reverse currency. Access to the
           | largest market institutional investors.
        
           | 3cats-in-a-coat wrote:
           | Markets are more accessible and more popular to retail.
           | Retail is stupid. Case in point: Tesla.
        
         | TheFattestNinja wrote:
         | I know this is probably not the cause, and maybe it's just me
         | being a naive SJW, but in my view London's financial
         | institutions lost 90% of their credibility capital recently not
         | so much because of Brexit (which hit them too) but because of
         | the whole LME Nickel trade rollbacks shenanigans. Yes I know
         | LME != LSE, and I know it was a lose-lose situation, but they
         | co-exist and as a person who is not into finance they share
         | their credibility to an extent.
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | Is there more global access to the US market? Does capital flow
         | with less friction to it?
         | 
         | What about indexes? If they qualify for NASDAQ or some other
         | major index, there's some "mandatory" investment that gets
         | triggered by a bunch of funds that do index tracking.
         | 
         | I would presume where you choose to list is kind of a flag of
         | convenience, like it is in maritime. It's probably not as
         | irrelevant as to where things actually happen as flying the
         | Liberian flag or incorporating in Delaware but I'd bet it's
         | close.
        
           | Galanwe wrote:
           | > Is there more global access to the US market? Does capital
           | flow with less friction to it?
           | 
           | Yes, and yes.
           | 
           | > What about indexes? If they qualify for NASDAQ or some
           | other major index, there's some "mandatory" investment that
           | gets triggered by a bunch of funds that do index tracking.
           | 
           | NASDAQ is an exchange, not an index.
           | 
           | The most prominent index on NASDAQ is the QQQ, the top 100
           | stocks,market cap weighted.
           | 
           | But this is the big boy playground, the smallest stocks in
           | QQQ should have at least $400B marketcap. ARM by the most
           | optimistic estimation should be 1/10th of that.
        
             | throw0101b wrote:
             | > _The most prominent index on NASDAQ is the QQQ, the top
             | 100 stocks,market cap weighted._
             | 
             | QQQ is an index fund:
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invesco_QQQ
             | 
             | That follows the Nasdaq-100 index:
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq-100
             | 
             | There are other funds that track it too from companies
             | other than Invesco.
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | Right, right, you're 100% correct.
               | 
               | To further explain, in most financial jargon, one often
               | call an index by its (historically) most traded tracking
               | fund. That is, the NASDAQ 100 is often called the QQQ,
               | the S&P 500 is often called "spider" (SPDR), etc.
               | 
               | But you're 100% right, in a comment about vocabulary,
               | jargon has no place.
        
             | sgerenser wrote:
             | Arm would definitely qualify for the Nasdaq 100 index. I
             | don't know where you're getting the $400B market cap
             | minimum, but the current index includes Zoom (19.7B),
             | Walgreens (23.3B) and eBay (22.8B), among many other
             | companies well below $40B (let alone $400B) market cap.
        
               | Galanwe wrote:
               | Damn you're right. I should have stayed in bed today.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Unstable currency.
         | 
         | Unstable government.
         | 
         | High tax.
         | 
         | Questionable access to other markets.
         | 
         | Questionable reliability when it comes to international
         | agreements (which is pretty fucking vital to a company like
         | AIM).
         | 
         | It's sad (I'm a londoner) but the UK cannot blame anyone but
         | our selves. We're just going through the national equivalent of
         | a tantrum.
        
         | SilverBirch wrote:
         | It's been a topic for quite a while that UK regulations mean
         | pension funds don't invest as much in equities and as a result
         | there's not a huge amount of liquidity available to dump into
         | stocks on the London Stock Exchange. They are working on trying
         | to fix this though (slowly).
        
           | physicsguy wrote:
           | The irony of course is that this has been caused by
           | regulatory induced de-risking of employer pension funds after
           | a lot of them went bankrupt and left the government on the
           | hook via the PPf
        
       | amiga1200 wrote:
       | I'm glad that RISC-V SBCs are starting to become usable.
        
         | surajrmal wrote:
         | Depends on what you mean by usable. If you don't need long term
         | support, strong software ecosystem support, and performance
         | parity, it's great. It'll be a few more years before everything
         | comes together, but hopefully not too many.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | >If you don't need
           | 
           | Reads like FUD, as you go on to list a bunch of items that
           | RISC-V actually already delivers.
           | 
           | Point per point:
           | 
           | >long term support
           | 
           | Is achieved via upstreaming drivers[0] and providing
           | documentation[1], something that e.g. StarFive is doing much
           | better than Raspberry Pi ever has.
           | 
           | >strong software ecosystem support
           | 
           | RISC-V is rapidly building the strongest ecosystem.
           | 
           | >performance parity
           | 
           | JH7110 SoC used in boards like VisionFive 2 provides CPU
           | performance between Raspberry Pi 3b and 4, at much lower
           | power consumption.
           | 
           | TH1520 SoC used in boards like Sipeed Lichee Pi4A[2] provides
           | performance above Raspberry Pi 4.
           | 
           | Both SoCs provide faster GPU (JH7110 is 4x that of Pi 4,
           | TH1520 is faster), better hardware video codec blocks,
           | cryptography acceleration, faster memory interface, faster
           | I/O outside of the SoC and otherwise better and more built in
           | peripherals.
           | 
           | Note: Raspberry Pi have been used as reference points as they
           | are, by far, the most popular ARM SBCs.
           | 
           | >It'll be a few more years
           | 
           | As proven above, it's already there against the Raspberry Pi
           | line.
           | 
           | But next year it'll be better, as RISC-V will finally compete
           | with the fastest cores available. This is based solely on
           | what's already announced (Ascalon, Veyron, P570 and so on).
           | 
           | RISC-V enables the best processors.
           | 
           | 0. https://rvspace.org/en/project/JH7110_Upstream_Plan
           | 
           | 1. https://doc-en.rvspace.org/index.html
           | 
           | 2. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37201754
        
           | themiddleupper wrote:
           | The RISC V fanboism is rampant here with bunch of them
           | repeating their marketing slogan in the comments. There is
           | nothing inevitable about RISC V. If anything it has lot of
           | mountains to climb before it can be considered a challenge to
           | the existing instruction set. It may or it may not do that.
           | Being open does not automagically make it happen.
        
             | snvzz wrote:
             | >If anything it has lot of mountains to climb before it can
             | be considered a challenge to the existing instruction set.
             | 
             | That's not what ARM thinks[0].
             | 
             | >There is nothing inevitable about RISC V.
             | 
             | As it turns out, the decisions have long been made, and
             | RISC-V has been chosen.
             | 
             | 0. https://thechipletter.substack.com/p/risc-v-
             | part-2-ambitious...
        
             | brucehoult wrote:
             | "Being open does not automagically make it happen."
             | Absolutely true. Many many "open" things have never gained
             | traction and have fallen by the wayside. It was a plausible
             | argument about RISC-V in 2016. It is not in 2023, when it
             | has already happened.
             | 
             | Lots of companies have made their decisions, projects are
             | kicking off -- for example Samsung just started porting
             | .NET and Tizen to RISC-V for use in their future TVs and
             | other products. LG similarly. It will take five years for
             | the products resulting from that to emerge, but they are
             | coming.
             | 
             | The RISC-V ISA didn't even formally exist as a frozen spec
             | a little over four years ago. Ratification in July 2019 was
             | the starting gun for many to start projects. The results of
             | that are just emerging in the last months -- the VisionFive
             | 2, tne Lichee Pi 4A, the 64 core Milk-V Pioneer.
             | 
             | A lot more things have gone into the pipeline since then,
             | and will be emerging in the next two to three years. Things
             | up to around Apple M1 performance ... from multiple
             | companies.
        
       | S_A_P wrote:
       | I'm curious and haven't seen anything regarding the ip theft of
       | ARM by (???). Didn't the Chinese arm of the business get taken
       | over in some way? It made the news a few years back and nothing
       | ever came out of it.
        
         | nocoiner wrote:
         | The Chinese subsidiary basically declared independence. Last I
         | saw the two sides were at an impasse, and the Chinese sub was
         | continuing to do its own thing - ARM parent appeared clearly to
         | have the law and the facts on its side, but without the ability
         | to enforce a foreign law judgment or get into an unbiased local
         | court, what are you going to do?
         | 
         | Forget it, Jake. It's China.
        
       | justin66 wrote:
       | From the recent FT article:
       | 
       |  _"Despite our significant reliance on Arm China through our
       | commercial relationship with them, both as a source of revenue
       | and as a conduit to the important [Chinese] market, Arm China
       | operates independently of us," the prospectus warned, adding that
       | Arm did not have any direct management rights or the right to
       | representation on Arm China's board._
        
       | manvillej wrote:
       | and so we watch, 1 more tech company, approach its demise through
       | the unending undereducated pressures of the market
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | How long until Apple does a hostile takeover? /s
       | 
       | I assume regulators would block a hostile takeover like they
       | would a regular buyout if there are concerns regarding market
       | power?
        
         | tibbydudeza wrote:
         | Why because afaik they have a master IP license in perpetuity
         | to ARM designs and they can chop and change what they want -
         | nothing is stopping them from diverging from ARM reference
         | designs completely and retaining just the instruction set
         | because it is useful to tool vendors and programmers.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | Ah, the Apple has a perpetual royalty free license meme.
           | Almost certainly a myth.
           | 
           | Very, very unlikely anyone would get a perpetual license that
           | covers all future products just because they were a founding
           | shareholder.
           | 
           | I did some detective work on this a while ago for my
           | newsletter (link in bio) from behind the paywall:
           | 
           | > ... Apple and Acorn were paying royalty fees soon after
           | they founded the company why should that change to grant
           | Apple a royalty-free license at some point later?
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Aws seems more likely
        
         | MikusR wrote:
         | Apple with their special license couldn't care less about ARM.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | >special license
           | 
           | This idea that they have a special license keeps getting
           | thrown about.
           | 
           | But nobody has ever been able to provide any proof or
           | otherwise reference a believable source.
           | 
           | Until proven otherwise, it's a myth.
        
         | senttoschool wrote:
         | Why would Apple ever want to own ARM? Their internal CPU design
         | team is years ahead of the ARM team. Apple has an architectural
         | license and doesn't care about ARM core designs.
         | 
         | Quite honestly, ARM falling on its face hard is actually a
         | benefit to Apple. That would mean that Apple Silicon and iPhone
         | SoCs have less competition. Imagine if Qualcomm chips based on
         | ARM designs are 5 years behind instead of the 2-3 years now.
         | 
         | But the Nvidia + ARM combo made sense from a technical and
         | strategic standpoint though.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | > But the Nvidia + ARM combo made sense from a technical and
           | strategic standpoint though.
           | 
           | Made sense for Nvidia. Not for other Arm customers.
        
             | justin66 wrote:
             | ...because seriously, how many of those customers could
             | ever possibly _want_ to use Nvidia 's graphics or AI
             | silicon? That stuff is never going to fly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | I mean, the law can govern these things, but it's true
               | that preventing the merger was a certain way to prevent
               | them. And ensure that ARM never have the capital needed
               | to become much more than they are today.
               | 
               | Nvidia dodged a bullet when the merger failed. ARM, not
               | so much. I would be _delighted_ to be proven wrong about
               | all this by ARM 's future success. Unless I succumb to
               | the temptation to short the stock, in which case my
               | happiness would be attenuated somewhat.
        
           | Vogtinator wrote:
           | > Their internal CPU design team is years ahead of the ARM
           | team.
           | 
           | Was. They're now at Qualcomm.
        
           | orlp wrote:
           | > Why would Apple ever want to own ARM?
           | 
           | You answered your own question:
           | 
           | > Quite honestly, ARM falling on its face hard is actually a
           | benefit to Apple. That would mean that Apple Silicon and
           | iPhone SoCs have less competition.
        
             | senttoschool wrote:
             | No I didn't answer my own question because a hostile
             | takeover of ARM can cost $70b and it doesn't guarantee that
             | ARM would fall on its face after the acquisition because it
             | has long-term contracts.
        
       | BooneJS wrote:
       | The world is so dependent upon ARM's designs, yet their revenue
       | is relatively small. Public companies are expected to grow year
       | after year after year. It will be interesting to see how they do
       | that without becoming a competitor to their customers. I wish
       | them good luck!
        
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