[HN Gopher] What Are FD&C Dyes and Lakes (and How Do They Differ)?
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       What Are FD&C Dyes and Lakes (and How Do They Differ)?
        
       Author : hammock
       Score  : 17 points
       Date   : 2023-08-21 15:51 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.madmicas.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.madmicas.com)
        
       | jlas wrote:
       | (Not) fun fact that I learned recently is some dyes like Red 40
       | are made from petroleum!
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red#:~:text=The%20most%20commo...
        
         | fatbird wrote:
         | You realize, I hope, that all plastics are also petroleum
         | products.
        
         | Clamchop wrote:
         | The majority of flavors, fragrances, medications, and
         | synthesized organic chemicals of all purposes use petroleum as
         | a precursor at some stage of their manufacture.
         | 
         | It's a very cheap source of hydrocarbons and doesn't at all
         | mean there is petroleum in the product.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Why is this not a fun fact? Guess I shouldn't let you know
         | where petroleum jelly comes from...
        
       | Dwedit wrote:
       | Alright, but it didn't explain what an FD&C dye was...
        
         | djbusby wrote:
         | First paragraph:
         | 
         | What's A Dye? A dye is a chemical that exhibits coloring power
         | when dissolved. Dyes are water soluble, and will not mix with
         | oils.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | Exactly. It's talking about general dyes, while the title
           | names a (presumably) specific sort of dye, an "FD&C" dye. Are
           | all dyes FD&C dyes? What does FD&C mean? Those are not
           | questions answerable by someone who read this article without
           | further research.
        
             | Clamchop wrote:
             | All articles presume that the audience has some knowledge
             | going in, but I have no explanation for why dye needs
             | definition but the even more specific FD&C dye doesn't.
             | (shrug)
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | That doesn't explain what an FD&C dye is unless you already
           | know what FD&C stands for.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | If you're shopping at Mad Micas, you probably are.
             | 
             | This is like someone typically that shops at Mad Mica
             | coming to a site you are probably more custom to using and
             | asking what LLM, CNN, etc means. A lot of the articles I've
             | seen about the topic just naturally assume the reader
             | already has some context and just uses acronyms without
             | ever spelling it out nor even attempting to define on a
             | ELI5 kind of a situation which for some reason you are
             | expecting this site to do for you
        
           | fellowniusmonk wrote:
           | A lot of people on this thread revealing they can't read "in
           | context" and are upset if every term used doesn't have a
           | footnote.
           | 
           | I guess all the people complaining would prefer lawyer speak:
           | 
           | "FD&C1 dyes (hearinafter known as DYES)"
           | 
           | 1 FD&C the U.S.2 act governing (and defining) the regulation
           | of food, drugs and cosmetics. This act is enforced by the
           | FDA.
           | 
           | 2 The United States Of America
           | 
           | Addendum: This article is about how the FD&C (as an Act)
           | defines a dye vs a lake.
        
             | cvs268 wrote:
             | What's a FDA? :-)
        
       | 542458 wrote:
       | One thing not explained here is what "FD&C" means - it's Food,
       | Drug and Cosmetic Act. It just means the dye is FDA approved as
       | being safe for humans.
        
         | blendergeek wrote:
         | For the headline, "What Are FD&C Dyes ..." I was disappointed
         | to see nothing about what FD&C dyes are (as opposed to a
         | regular dye which I assumed is something like "a chemical that
         | exhibits coloring power when dissolved").
        
       | nielsbot wrote:
       | Thought the use of the word "lake" here was interesting. (Of
       | course, not the same as a lake you can swim in):
       | 
       | From French laque ("lacquer"), from Persian lkh (lak), from Hindi
       | laakh (lakh), from Sanskrit lkss (laksa, "one hundred thousand"),
       | referring to the number of insects that gather on the trees and
       | make the resin seep out. Doublet of lakh, lac and lacquer.
       | 
       | (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lake#Etymology_4)
        
         | semi-extrinsic wrote:
         | In Lower German, Norwegian and Swedish (at least), "lake" means
         | "brine", as in pickling liquid. E.g. "saltlake" means
         | specifically a brine that has a lot of salt. And this again
         | comes from "lake" as in "body of water".
         | 
         | Curious if the etymology that lake is coming via the French
         | "lacquer" is actually the correct one, when the alternative
         | that is coming from proto-Germanic "laki" is much closer to the
         | actual chemical composition and way of preparation of the dye
         | lake?
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | This page leads to more questions than it answers.
       | 
       | After reading it, I still have no idea what the difference is
       | between a dye and a lake, or why it matters, but now I realize I
       | _also_ don 't know what blooming is, whether it matters if a dye
       | is water- or oil-soluble, what tinting by dispersion is (and why
       | it matters if that's different from a dye), or why I should care
       | about "dye load". Since those all seem to be involved in the
       | answer to the main question.
       | 
       | Maybe there's a better page to submit to HN on this topic,
       | because this one seems awfully confusing.
        
         | fatbird wrote:
         | > whether it matters if a dye is water- or oil-soluble
         | 
         | "Dyes are water soluble, and will not mix with oils."
         | 
         | > what the difference is between a dye and a lake
         | 
         | "Lakes are produced by coloring an aluminum salt... substrate
         | using FD&C dyes."
         | 
         | So a dye is soluble material; lakes are an insoluble material
         | colored with dyes.
         | 
         | > tinting by dispersion is
         | 
         | Lakes disperse in the liquid; dyes dissolve into it. Presumably
         | if you're interested in actually using dyes, this is a
         | distinction you're already familiar with.
         | 
         | > why I should care about "dye load"
         | 
         | "Remember: in general, the higher the dye load, the less you'll
         | need to achieve the color you're going for. Don't make the
         | mistake of comparing a 70% dye load product to one with a 90%
         | dye load."
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Are you reading the same article? Literally all the questions
         | you ask are answered, clearly, in the article, with perhaps an
         | exception to some of the "why it matters" questions. If you see
         | the "about" page for this company you can see that their
         | colorants are for things like bath bombs, soaps, makeup, etc.,
         | and so you'd want different things depending on what you're
         | trying to color (e.g. if you're coloring an oil/fat vs. water
         | in a bath).
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | >for this company you can see that their colorants are for
           | things like bath bombs, soaps, makeup, etc.
           | 
           | I can highly recommend Mad Micas. It's one of my favorite
           | vendors in this space. Super friendly with hand written thank
           | yous for every purchase.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Literally the second sentence is:
           | 
           | > _Dyes must be "bloomed" before use._
           | 
           | It does not define blooming. I still have no idea what that
           | means.
           | 
           | Maybe if you're an expert in this stuff already then it all
           | makes sense. But I'm already lost when it starts by talking
           | about blooming -- and then once it gets to aluminum salts,
           | and strongly emphasizing that it's not elemental aluminum
           | (which matters to the reader why...?), I realize that this is
           | not written for the layperson.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | The paragraph is this:
             | 
             | > Dyes must be "bloomed" before use. In their unbloomed
             | state (i.e. in the jar) they are different color than in
             | use. For example, our Bright Green Dye is brown in the jar,
             | then turns a vibrant bright green when bloomed in water.
             | 
             | It does a pretty good job, together with the rest of the
             | article, explaining that blooming means letting it dissolve
             | in water, at which point the color changes.
             | 
             | I'm not familiar with dyeing at all, but "blooming" is used
             | in a bunch of other contexts that mean similar things, e.g.
             | "coffee blooming" (adding water to freshly ground coffee),
             | even things like "algae blooms".
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | After reading multiple comments here, I decided to look
               | it up, and discovered:
               | 
               | > _Blooming is the process of adding your bath bomb dye
               | to hot water and mixing it with sodium bicarbonate_
               | 
               | So no, it's not just dissolving it in water. It's
               | dissolving it in _hot_ water and adding an additional
               | _totally separate chemical_.
               | 
               | So no, the article does not do a "pretty good job" at
               | explaining. It doesn't explain _any_ of that.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | OK, you're right, I apologize and take back what I said.
               | Wouldn't have assumed at all from that description that
               | blooming means adding a base.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | One of their dyes is yellow as a powder, but it reacts
               | with lye water when making soap so that it turns a bright
               | orange. Once the saponifying process is completed, the
               | orange comes back to the expected yellow. Very unnerving
               | process when you failed to read that part of the product
               | listing. I also happened to use it for the first time
               | with a fragrance that super accelerated, so it was a
               | double whammy of a disappointing feeling. So at least the
               | fact it turned back to yellow made the batch less
               | disappointing.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Context clues tell me "blooming" probably means "putting it
             | in water and letting it dissolve", but that's just my
             | guess. It would be nice if they defined it.
        
               | eindiran wrote:
               | The article doesn't make this very clear and the way it
               | phrases it is confusing.
               | 
               | > Dyes must be "bloomed" before use. In their unbloomed
               | state (i.e. in the jar) they are different color than in
               | use.
               | 
               | With the evident meaning: "bloomed" -> out of the jar, in
               | the water.
               | 
               | But blooming means precipitating the dye in whatever
               | solution it will be in, usually using a salt like sodium
               | bicarbonate.
               | 
               | [EDIT] The Wiki page on lakes makes it clearer:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_pigment
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-21 23:02 UTC)