[HN Gopher] Anxious brains redirect emotion regulation
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Anxious brains redirect emotion regulation
        
       Author : conse_lad
       Score  : 442 points
       Date   : 2023-08-21 03:04 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | fud101 wrote:
       | so we should be avoiding avoiding?
        
         | NayamAmarshe wrote:
         | Basically, yes.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Tistron wrote:
       | The language of this is challenging for me to read and
       | understand. Is there any clarity on whether high anxiety leads to
       | this different routing, or whether there has been some event in
       | the past leading to this routing which then leads to high
       | anxiety? And is there any indication whether exposure to feared
       | situations will lessen anxiety after this difference in routing
       | is in place?
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | According to the paper avoidance begets avoidance.
         | 
         | Avoidance and success in anxiety inducing situations both lead
         | to relief. Most of us have plenty of experience of both leading
         | to balanced future responses.
        
       | abarkasxa wrote:
       | have agoraphobia pretty bad. I've spent so much time trying to
       | work on exposure, but then I'll have a huge panic attack, I don't
       | have access to my frontal cortex to reason through it, during
       | this time I'm feeling the immensity of the universe, I feel
       | electricity running through my body, at the end of it all when I
       | get somewhere "safe" I'm not able to think straight or sleep well
       | for months. So yeah the impulse to avoid those feelings is pretty
       | strong. I'll push myself once again in the future but the risk
       | reward ratio is pretty bad. Thanks brain wiring!
        
         | jaynetics wrote:
         | Not a psychologist, but you might need to build exposure more
         | slowly, and maybe check for other issues (such as generalized
         | anxiety disorder, avoidant personality disorder, hypochondria)
         | because a panic attack should not take months to recover from.
        
         | nick__m wrote:
         | find someone who prescribe propranolol, it makes exposure
         | therapy a lot easier and the result are more durable.
         | 
         | here's some reference:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820039/
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818733/ ...
        
         | throwing_away wrote:
         | > Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or
         | situations that might cause panic and feelings of being
         | trapped, helpless or embarrassed. You may fear an actual or
         | upcoming situation. For example, you may fear using public
         | transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in
         | line, or being in a crowd.
         | 
         | Wait, do I have agoraphobia now?
         | 
         | I thought we were still supposed to be avoiding indoor spaces
         | and crowds on account of the highly infectious disease
         | propagating the globe.
         | 
         | We're supposed to be comfortable sharing air with others again?
        
           | dag11 wrote:
           | I wouldn't say avoiding others during a pandemic is
           | agoraphobia, it's a rational response. But after a society
           | has largely resumed dense public activities, it's only
           | possibly a phobia if you've formed a personal preference to
           | partake based on your own risk/reward tolerance yet find
           | yourself anxious to do so.
        
           | soulofmischief wrote:
           | > We're supposed to be comfortable sharing air with others
           | again?
           | 
           | No, I think we need to go all the way and ban cars from inner
           | city areas and replace them with zorbs.
           | 
           | https://www.zorbs.us/
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | The Claire Weekes stuff is pretty old but very very good, worth
         | looking up
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | Extreme agoraphobia probably requires more than just simple
         | exposure to improve. I'd recommend working with a therapist.
         | But one thing I am curious about: during exposure, you don't
         | have access to your frontal cortex, that makes sense. But after
         | exposure, do you spend any time reflecting, and reminding
         | yourself that nothing bad actually happened to you? It might be
         | that exercising your frontal cortex afterward could help you
         | learn to cope with the situation in the future. At least,
         | that's what I've done with social anxiety and it seems to help.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | If you suffer from serious anxiety, I highly recommend you work
       | on any health issues you have. Low blood sugar in particular is
       | known to promote anxiety by increasing the amount of adrenaline
       | in your system.
       | 
       | I used to suffer a lot of anxiety. Getting physically healthier
       | helped mitigate that enormously.
       | 
       | Proviso: n=1, "anecdata" and the usual dismissals that random
       | internet strangers desperately try to apply as if I somehow
       | misrepresented myself and claimed it was from a large scale
       | study.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | There is nothing to dismiss
         | 
         | health issues can both directly and indirectly make your
         | psychological issues worse (or even be the direct cause of it)
         | 
         | and also the other way around
         | 
         | I think many of the "dismissal" (assuming non troll) comments
         | come from with health issues people being feed up with getting
         | the force feed the same advice they long time now every time
         | their health comes up without the person giving their advice
         | understanding their health issues. (e.g. not you because you
         | just wrote what helped you in a neutral way).
         | 
         | For example some absurd examples I have seen repeatedly:
         | 
         | - a person with serve enough clinical depression to just be a
         | step away from getting suicidal getting told "just do sports it
         | will help" for the thousands time in a situation where they
         | frequently have issues to even eat because their brain just
         | stopped caring about being hungry
         | 
         | - or a person with motion sickness from certain games being
         | again and again told the same set of well known and years ago
         | tried advice, potentially combined with "you must never try VR"
         | even through they did try VR and depending on the title it's
         | not an issue as long as movement in VR is done through motion
         | tracking
         | 
         | - or a person which had to stop their masters degree because of
         | sever depression and anxiety being told "oh it's you could have
         | done the masters because I was able to do so" when that other
         | person just had a mild depressive phase due to overwork
         | 
         | - or people which had Vitamin-D deficit (which is really good
         | at making other health issues worse) now insisting that every
         | time they meat a "sick" person they should take Vitamin D
         | supplements because sure their trauma induced psychological
         | issues are just a Vitamin D deficiency.
         | 
         | Just to be clear I appreciate your your post, this is not
         | trying to dismiss it in any way. In different to many of the
         | examples I listed you bothered to formulate it neutral in a
         | "this helped me, fixing health issues can help, here is why it
         | helped me if you thing this could apply to you why not try it"
         | way instead of a "this helped me so it 'must' help you too
         | way". Through the line between both formulation is thin, and
         | not seldom a matter of tone which is often lost in writing.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | Not to mention that physical activity itself can be a great,
         | immediate remedy for anxiety. A daily run does a whole lot for
         | calming my anxiety.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Ah yes the age old solution to anxiety, eating a shit ton of
         | sugar.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | Eating sugar is the absolute worst thing you can do if you
           | have functional hypoglycemia.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Eat regularly, do physical exercise, go to bed at the same
         | time, etc etc. All good advice of course, but when you're in
         | that situation they're not easy. It takes self-discipline.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | Also: Not necessarily the best means to work on your health.
           | Sometimes you need dietary changes or to ferret out an
           | unrecognized allergy -- allergy being another thing that
           | promotes adrenaline -- and/or other changes to figure out
           | what went wrong and how to walk it back.
        
       | ajani wrote:
       | This is just tedious. The electro-chemical map of the brain that
       | is built and used to study it, is so primitive.
       | 
       | Almost certainly, "the brain" tunes itself to its environment and
       | inner states from a preformed inner structure through evolution.
       | A lot of what is in the brain, is not actually to be found in the
       | brain, or by studying it materially. The "formwork" that formed
       | it, is lost in evolutionary time.
       | 
       | Unfortunately there is no way to impute the formwork from the
       | form, like say it would be possible to (mostly accurately) impute
       | what formwork created a square column or cast a piece of iron.
       | 
       | "The brain" is not in any way shaped like a physical object, and
       | the formwork that formed it is infinitely complex.
        
         | ajani wrote:
         | When a vortex forms in a pool of water, it is formed by the
         | complex interplay of water, the pond made up of earth, rock,
         | plants, its undulations perturbing the water, the wind etc.
         | 
         | The vortex appears and vanishes as conditions change. But is
         | the vortex, the water? Is the water no longer water once the
         | vortex dissipates?
         | 
         | Is the vortex the same as any physical object? Or it's a form
         | taken up by water?
         | 
         | What if the brain is just the form. And what if the water is
         | itself just a river fed by ocean currents millions of miles
         | away?
         | 
         | Standing by the river, you only experience the form, not the
         | formwork, the substrate, or even the shaping force in time.
         | 
         | I may have made this a worse explanation... hard to tell.
        
         | meesterdude wrote:
         | > "The brain" is not in any way shaped like a physical object
         | 
         | Our brains are physical object, and the connections it is
         | composed of are also physical.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Don't understand the downvotes because I get exactly what
         | you're saying -- it's like poking around in the data for an LLM
         | and expecting to find a written language algorithm. Taking
         | things further -- I think it's unlikely that much of the
         | brain's operating software came via DNA. It's mostly machine
         | learned from the environment and other humans. We call this
         | child development.
        
           | ajani wrote:
           | > It's mostly machine learned from the environment and other
           | humans. We call this child development.
           | 
           | Yes, exactly. The software lies in humanity collectively. Not
           | inside us, but in between us.
           | 
           | Which is why it cannot lie entirely in the brain. At least
           | not entirely in one brain.
           | 
           | A new node born into the network, learns the network.
           | Individual nodes perish, and new ones replace them. But the
           | network doesn't go down. Or it hasn't yet.
           | 
           | Much of conscious experience is the network. Isolation is
           | painful because it deregulates the connection to the network.
           | 
           | But even on the "hardware" side, there must be so many kinds
           | of developments that must occur simultaneously. Some of it is
           | as you say, environment based child development. Others that
           | we may not quite be aware of, say patterns of neural firing,
           | or growth patterns. Such developments probably get passed on
           | in shape (DNA or X) to the next generation.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | The brain is absolutely physical.
         | 
         | > A lot of what is in the brain, is not actually to be found in
         | the brain, or by studying it materially.
         | 
         | You are talking about consciousness (and perhaps the non-
         | conscious processing that the brain does as well). That is
         | indeed a non-physical phenomenon, but it still has physical
         | underpinnings.
         | 
         | > The "formwork" that formed it, is lost in evolutionary time.
         | 
         | You can't lose something that you never had in the first place
         | :). It will take that as a figure of speech.
         | 
         | The good news are: we _are_ very familiar with some things that
         | "exist" but don't have a physical presence. On this forum,
         | "software" is the most obvious one. "Math" is probably the
         | second. There's many others, like all the emotions, entropy,
         | and so forth. We can, to a certain degree, reverse-engineer
         | some of these processes by looking at the physical imprint that
         | they leave. It's true that we never get a full picture - the
         | same way that just looking at the source code might not give
         | you a good idea of how the RAM will look like when the program
         | is executing. But it can give you _some_ insight. And then, if
         | you are lucky, you may be able to fill in the gaps.
         | 
         | The bad news: this is the most imbricated and complex piece of
         | "code" that the humanity has ever faced. Our brains might
         | simply not be capable of understanding their own complexity by
         | themselves. Most of us have a "cache" of 7 items, after all.
         | Barely good enough to swing to the next tree branch.
         | 
         | But then again some good news: the complexity is definitely
         | _not_ infinite- just very big. And we keep improving our tools.
         | The same way some of them expand the limits of what we can
         | physically do with our bodies, some of them expand what we can
         | mentally do with our brains. Wether or not that will be enough
         | for us to understand ourselves, to a certain definition of
         | "understand", is still up in the air as far as I'm concerned.
         | I'm agnostic about it.
        
           | ajani wrote:
           | "The brain" is made up of matter, yes.
           | 
           | "The brain" is not physical like columns or iron. Those are
           | simple objects. The kind physics likes to deal with. Things
           | that are easily measured to describe its properties
           | quantitatively and the relations of these properties as a
           | placeholder for qualitative aspects (equations). Physics
           | can't deal with the brain. No equation can be written.
           | 
           | If a bud's seeds were to sprout in place, instead of in the
           | ground, you would have every single ancestor plant in a very
           | long chain. Every brain is the result of this kind of
           | structure. A mother buds and sprouts a new human. If the
           | umbilical cords remain attached, we have a very similar kind
           | of long chain of human brains. Not like any other physical
           | object.
           | 
           | Physics is inadequate at studying "the brain". So, "the
           | brain" is not a physical object.
        
             | otikik wrote:
             | > Physics can't deal with the brain. No equation can be
             | written.
             | 
             | There are many many many physics simulations out there that
             | cannot be "written with an equation". Climate Modelling,
             | for example. You cannot write a single equation to model
             | all that. You need a big complex piece of software, made of
             | many equations, a lot of hardware, and a lot of processing
             | time. Any of those was simply inconceivable mere decades
             | ago.
             | 
             | It's possible that it's as you say, and the brain is
             | inscrutable if we attack the problem from the physics point
             | of view alone.
             | 
             | I think that you _may_ be right. With what we have now. But
             | decades from now? I 'm not so sure.
        
               | ajani wrote:
               | All climate models are based on mathematical physics
               | models. I don't know the specifics, so I asked chatGPT
               | and here is what it said:
               | 
               | '''
               | 
               | Climate modeling is a multifaceted field rooted in
               | physics that relies on a complex set of equations to
               | describe various atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial
               | processes. Here's an overview of the key equations that
               | form the foundation of climate models:
               | 
               | Navier-Stokes Equations: Governing the flow of fluids
               | like the atmosphere and oceans, these equations capture
               | how the velocity of a fluid changes over time.
               | 
               | Radiative Transfer Equations: Essential for understanding
               | how sunlight and other forms of radiation interact with
               | the atmosphere, including scattering, absorption, and
               | emission.
               | 
               | Energy Balance Models: These equations describe the
               | balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing heat,
               | fundamental for capturing the planet's energy dynamics.
               | 
               | Equations of State: Linking density, pressure, and
               | temperature, these equations are critical for
               | understanding the behavior of the atmosphere and ocean.
               | 
               | Continuity Equations: Representing the conservation of
               | mass in the atmosphere and oceans.
               | 
               | Moist Processes Equations: Capturing phase changes
               | between water vapor, liquid water, and ice, along with
               | latent heat exchange.
               | 
               | Boundary Layer Equations: Describing the complex dynamics
               | near Earth's surface where the atmosphere interacts with
               | the land or ocean.
               | 
               | Chemical and Aerosol Equations: Governing the reactions
               | and interactions between different chemical species and
               | particles, which can affect both weather and climate.
               | 
               | Sea Ice and Glacial Equations: Modeling the flow and
               | melting of ice, essential for understanding the
               | cryosphere.
               | 
               | These equations are solved numerically using computer
               | algorithms, often over a grid representing the Earth's
               | surface and atmosphere. Together, they form an
               | interconnected system that allows scientists to simulate
               | and analyze the climate system's behavior. This intricate
               | mathematical framework underscores how the study of
               | climate is fundamentally rooted in mathematical and
               | physical principles.
               | 
               | '''
               | 
               | There are no such equations for the brain.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | otikik wrote:
               | Well you should have asked ChatGPT directly then:
               | 
               | In the context of human behavior, consciousness and
               | neurology, what are the mathematical equations that are
               | relevant in order to model how a human brain works?
               | Please highlight any equation that involves Physics in
               | particular
               | 
               | ChatGPT:
               | 
               | Modeling the human brain is an extremely complex task,
               | and it involves various levels of abstraction and
               | different mathematical and computational approaches.
               | While there are no specific equations that fully capture
               | the intricacies of the brain's function, several
               | mathematical and physics-related principles can be
               | applied at different levels of analysis. Here are some
               | relevant equations and concepts:
               | 
               | Neuron Modeling:
               | 
               | Hodgkin-Huxley Equations: These equations describe the
               | behavior of ion channels in neuron membranes and are
               | fundamental to understanding how neurons generate action
               | potentials. Integrate-and-Fire Models: Simpler models
               | like the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model can describe the
               | basic firing behavior of neurons using differential
               | equations. Neural Networks:
               | 
               | Backpropagation:
               | 
               | This is a fundamental algorithm for training artificial
               | neural networks. It involves the chain rule from calculus
               | to update weights during training. Activation Functions:
               | Functions like the sigmoid, ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit),
               | and softmax are used to model the activation of neurons
               | in artificial neural networks. Synaptic Plasticity:
               | 
               | Hebbian Learning:
               | 
               | Often described as "cells that fire together wire
               | together," it's a principle used to model how synaptic
               | connections strengthen or weaken based on correlated
               | firing patterns.
               | 
               | Diffusion Equations:
               | 
               | Fick's Law of Diffusion: Relevant for modeling the
               | diffusion of neurotransmitters across synapses.
               | Information Theory:
               | 
               | Shannon's Information Theory:
               | 
               | While not an equation per se, concepts like entropy and
               | mutual information are used to quantify information flow
               | and coding in neural systems.
               | 
               | Quantum Mechanics:
               | 
               | While not directly related to classical neuroscience,
               | there's ongoing research into whether quantum effects
               | play a role in brain function. This would involve quantum
               | mechanics equations such as the Schrodinger equation and
               | the equations describing quantum states. Connectome
               | Modeling:
               | 
               | Graph Theory:
               | 
               | Modeling the brain as a network involves concepts from
               | graph theory, like adjacency matrices and graph
               | algorithms. While not a direct physics equation, it's
               | relevant for understanding brain connectivity. Functional
               | Imaging:
               | 
               | Techniques like Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
               | (fMRI) rely on physics equations related to magnetism and
               | nuclear magnetic resonance to measure brain activity
               | indirectly. Biomechanics:
               | 
               | Equations from mechanics can be used to model the
               | physical properties of the brain, like deformation during
               | injury or the propagation of mechanical waves in brain
               | tissue.
               | 
               | Electroencephalography (EEG):
               | 
               | Maxwell's Equations: EEG measures electrical potentials
               | on the scalp, and the interpretation of these signals
               | relies on Maxwell's equations describing the behavior of
               | electric fields. It's important to note that modeling the
               | human brain is still an active area of research, and
               | there's no single mathematical framework that fully
               | explains all aspects of brain function. Instead, a multi-
               | disciplinary approach is used, combining mathematics,
               | physics, biology, and computer science to gain a better
               | understanding of the brain's complexity at various
               | scales, from individual neurons to large-scale brain
               | networks.
        
               | ajani wrote:
               | > While there are no specific equations that fully
               | capture the intricacies of the brain's function..
               | 
               | That.
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | Fascinating study.
       | 
       | For those who didn't read any of it: anxious people's brains use
       | a different area when regulating emotions. Unfortunately the
       | connection to this area may be more easily saturated during high
       | emotional states.
       | 
       | So, over stressed/anxious brains appear to have a different
       | routing setup than everyone else. Very interesting find!
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | I'm not surprised tbh.
         | 
         | This fits very well with what you can see in anxious people,
         | especially when combined with depression.
         | 
         | Through I guess the meat of the paper is in all the subtle
         | biological details they found, which I just honestly do not
         | understand at all.
        
         | bytefactory wrote:
         | I'm hoping this will lead to more effective medical or non-
         | medical interventions. Seems like major progress in our
         | understanding.
        
         | nyanpasu64 wrote:
         | In my reading:
         | 
         | > Unfortunately the connection to (*the usual area = FPl,
         | that's a L not an i) may be more easily saturated during high
         | emotional states.
         | 
         | I do wonder if the FPl is overactive and needs to be slowed
         | down like the article suggests (which _hurts_ behavior in non-
         | anxious people), or if the amygdala is jamming the FPl with
         | excessive signalling (and needs to be slowed down).
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | Yeah, I was thinking about the treatment possibilities while
           | reading. My wife has very high anxiety, which cannabis
           | edibles mitigates pretty well, so I wonder if the pot is
           | affecting those areas.
        
       | sergioisidoro wrote:
       | I wonder if this shift of processing areas is behind the the
       | "detachment" or "depersonalisation" (feeling like you're in
       | autopilot, or not being you) that seems to be a common response
       | to high anxiety.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | My understanding of this is illuminated by (stay with me here...)
       | blockchains.
       | 
       | Most blockchains use a kind of time-traveling/holographic data
       | structure where a given tree root can be used to lookup state
       | values in a big trie, for some block in the past. Different root,
       | potentially different value for the state you're interested in.
       | 
       | The brain seems to be operating a similar data structure where
       | the answer to your query depends on some sort of "neural net
       | root" value. This value seems to come from primitive structures
       | (HPA?) and depends on basic things like fight/flight
       | anxious/relaxed.
       | 
       | The upshot is that people can believe/think/know different things
       | depending on their current emotional state.
        
         | rcbdev wrote:
         | I doubt this is what they meant by "disrupting healthcare with
         | blockchain"
        
       | rejectfinite wrote:
       | I just want benzos and lay in bed and watch Netflix all my life
       | pleeeease please please its my dream life
        
       | ericfrazier wrote:
       | Dealing with stuff is dumb. Thank you, non_fpi secondary system,
       | the round file of my brain.
        
       | rejectfinite wrote:
       | I have 0 motivation. I havent cleaned in 2-3 years. I sit in
       | trash next to my PC. lol Atleast I have you guys
        
       | judiisis wrote:
       | how to get over this and get over tendency to avoid? Please
       | someone help I am struggling and procrastinating and destroying
       | my life
        
         | SentinelLdnma wrote:
         | Wish I could give you an npm package for that, but best I can
         | do is a process: [0] keep a log / journal [1] make a change [2]
         | observe the result [3] iterate
         | 
         | [0] is to raise awareness and detect cause and effect. Keep it
         | minimalist. I once went overboard with a whole spreadsheet.
         | Plain text turned out better. What to track? Inputs (food,
         | media, activities) and outputs (physical and psychological
         | state). [1] Try eating better, exercise, changing media
         | exposure, time outside. If you go down the supplement rabbit
         | hole, start with simple things like magnesium. Attach new,
         | better habits to your existing routine. [2] Watch out for
         | delayed reactions. For instance, what I ate 48 hours ago has
         | significance. [3] while(true)
         | 
         | Random bonus: if there is something that negatively affects
         | you, seek out its polar positive opposite. I'm very easy
         | bothered by sounds. Leaf blowers shall die. But this also means
         | sounds have a strong positive leverage on my mental state:
         | https://youtu.be/gKdFbdrk-58
        
       | rob_galvan wrote:
       | I relate to this. Also that excessive caffeine exacerbates my
       | anxiety and makes avoidance more likely.
        
         | rejectfinite wrote:
         | But I need that!
        
       | NayamAmarshe wrote:
       | It's always fear, isn't it?
       | 
       | We're afraid to approach people, afraid to ask for help, afraid
       | that someone might react in the worst possible way or something
       | really bad might happen.
       | 
       | But obviously, it never happens the way we imagine. Reality is
       | 100% of the time, different from our imagination and yet, many of
       | us still fail to remember that.
       | 
       | Every good opportunity that I ever got, was from me coming out of
       | my comfort zone and avoiding to avoid situations.
       | 
       | It's important to remember, anxiety is a useful defense
       | mechanism, but not 99% of the time.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | "I've lived through some terrible things in my life, some of
         | which actually happened." - Mark Twain
        
           | Obscurity4340 wrote:
           | I've weirdly noticed a type of analagous mechanism in
           | relation to anxiety where I castastrophize or engage in
           | worst-outcome thinking and when things inevitably turn out
           | ok, the relief from the incongruity has a somewhat "euphoric"
           | and calming effect. I feel like it might be somewhat
           | maladaptive and "addictive"
        
             | j33zusjuice wrote:
             | Does this all feel familiar?
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/_tpB-B8BXk0
             | 
             | I don't know if it's always this way, but I create
             | emergencies and catastrophes because I otherwise have no
             | motivation to do anything. My back has to be against the
             | wall to get me to act. It's been a lifelong issue, I've
             | tried to kill myself several times because of it, and I
             | learned it was ADHD in the last month. 100% of my issues
             | are explained by this. I never would have guessed.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Definitely sounds like not a good thing, even though it
             | ties in with pithy sayings like "expect the worst but hope
             | for the best" or "Don't get your hopes up and you'll never
             | be disappointed".
        
             | LouisSayers wrote:
             | I remember reading something similar about people who
             | survived bombings in London during the war.
             | 
             | Apparently many of the survivors were quite content as they
             | had somehow survived the destruction.
        
               | Obscurity4340 wrote:
               | I think "meaning" plays a huge role and when you can get
               | yourself to buy into a productive/growth mindset-type
               | narrative, it does seem to help immunize against trauma
               | or at the very least, to help integrate it to the point
               | the negative effect is attenuated
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | This was first attributed to Mark Twain in a Singapore
           | newspaper 13 years after his death, so was probably not
           | actually said by him. It looks like it's just one of those
           | things people say:
           | 
           | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/10/04/never-happened/
        
         | xyzelement wrote:
         | Spot on. This hit me a few weeks ago when I was considering a
         | long workout class ln Peloton. I was hesitant to hit the start
         | button because it was late, I was tired, etc. Then I realized
         | that it was genuinely harder to hit play than to actually do
         | the class.
         | 
         | Literally I've done thousands of workouts and have never
         | regretted one, yet every time there's this negotiation to not
         | do it. I am connecting that to your "reality is different 100%
         | of the time" point.
        
           | scruple wrote:
           | It's sort of a meme but I experience this pretty frequently
           | with running. I've been a distance runner for over 30 years
           | now but when I have a long run and I wake up and I'm just not
           | feeling it, I will stare at my running shoes with pure hatred
           | for a while before finding the courage to lace up and move.
           | It's always the right decision, I always feel incredible once
           | I get going, but it's sometimes very hard to summon the
           | motivation at the onset.
        
           | jh00ker wrote:
           | This book by David Burns [1] taught me that ACTION comes
           | first, AND THEN motivation arrives. If you lay there and wait
           | to be motivated, it will never happen. Specifically:
           | 
           | 1. Action
           | 
           | 2. Results
           | 
           | 3. Motivation
           | 
           | 4. Repeat!
           | 
           | Anti-pattern:
           | 
           | 1. Motivation
           | 
           | 2. Action
           | 
           | 3. Results
           | 
           | 4. Does not work
           | 
           | When I notice myself using self-talk like "ugh, I just don't
           | feel like it" I thing of A-R-M and it helps.
           | 
           | 1: https://amzn.to/3shnZlg
        
             | lynx23 wrote:
             | I am assuing this is in the context of some kind of mental
             | health issue? Because this reads and feels backwards to me.
             | Maybe it is a recipe for people without motivation, and
             | that is fine. But I, for one, am mostly driven by
             | motivation. I dont do things just because they are written
             | on a list, or because someone told me it is supposedly
             | good. I do things because I am intrinsically motivated to
             | do so, or not. Just performing an action in hope of
             | positive affirmation to boost motivation feels like the
             | algorithm to drive a robot, not a human.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | It's not necessarily a "mental health issue", it's just
               | fairly common procrastination.
               | 
               | Also, there's motivation and there's (self-) discipline.
               | You get up in the morning or do things either because you
               | feel like it, or because you have to. Of course it feels
               | better if you feel like it (you're motivated), but if
               | you're not motivated then discipline has to take over.
        
               | loveiswork wrote:
               | > I am assuing this is in the context of some kind of
               | mental health issue?
               | 
               | Yes, if you are already 'self-actualized', you don't need
               | to be thinking about behavior modification frameworks,
               | your behaviors are already serving you.
               | 
               | Some people have circumstances and long-lived reactions
               | and behaviors for those circumstances that make it very
               | difficult to change course, even if they have a real
               | desire to. This 'disconnectedness' between lived
               | experience and personal goals and values can lead to a
               | lot of anguish. In those cases, following a framework,
               | even though it can feel 'weird', can lead to the positive
               | sparks required for change.
        
             | NayamAmarshe wrote:
             | Some days you have to find motivation and some days
             | motivation finds you.
             | 
             | Either way, it's because of your actions.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I'm assuming the above affiliate link is the book Feeling
             | Good: The New Mood Therapy by Dr. David Burns
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/Feeling-Good-New-Mood-
             | Therapy/dp/0380...
        
             | HKH2 wrote:
             | > This book by David Burns [1] taught me that ACTION comes
             | first, AND THEN motivation arrives.
             | 
             | Existence precedes essence?
        
             | johnchristopher wrote:
             | > Anti-pattern:
             | 
             | >
             | 
             | > 1. Motivation
             | 
             | > 2. Action
             | 
             | > 3. Results
             | 
             | > 4. Does not work
             | 
             | Action and discipline (the habit of doing the same action)
             | beat motivation everytime. And yet you will find people on
             | HN that will fight to death that motivation is enough or
             | that motivation is the moving force of discipline. Up to
             | redefining words if needed. I think it's because of the
             | warped guilt trip of the saying "you didn't do it/achieve
             | it because you weren't motivated enough" and the
             | "entrepreneuship" spirit of the audience who needs to
             | believe that they can succeed no matter what and motivation
             | is the main factor because it's something fuzzy enough they
             | can say they had it or hadn't when they fail/succeed and
             | ignore the hard unpleasant things like hard work, luck,
             | skills, talent, etc.
        
               | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
               | I think a big part of the difficulty here is that
               | "motivation" is a very broad term, and people often mix
               | up different aspects of it (both intentionally and
               | unintentionally). It pretty much covers the "full stack"
               | of goal-oriented behavior: everything from the
               | neurological factors that balance action vs. inaction
               | generally to the most abstract meta-goals toward which
               | actions are ultimately directed. When people say they
               | "lack motivation", the experience they're describing
               | might involve any mixture of deficiency in the biological
               | foundations of attention and behavior, lack of
               | identifiable goals, or lack of belief/understanding in
               | the connections between actions and goals. An aphorism
               | like "discipline beats motivation" can't possibly come
               | close to engaging that full spectrum, so even if there's
               | value in the underlying idea, there will probably always
               | be people who feel that someone saying it is
               | misunderstanding or ignoring their difficulties.
               | 
               | Furthermore, I think what people are sometimes
               | confronting when they discuss motivation is personal
               | belief in markedly different goals than society promotes.
               | In such cases they're not really expressing a lack of
               | motivation generally, but rather frustration with a
               | disconnect between the goals they actually believe in and
               | the goals that they've been told to pursue (typically
               | with according extrinsic reward/punishment). Telling such
               | people that they just need to develop discipline is
               | probably about as useful as telling atheists that they
               | just need to go to church.
        
         | prawn wrote:
         | Always comes back to uncertainty. The things we avoid have
         | somewhat unpredictable outcomes. Fear of calling someone: who
         | will answer, will they resent the interruption. Fear of
         | submitting work: is it what they wanted, is it good enough.
         | Avoiding starting a creative job for a client: am I taking the
         | right tack, am I wasting my time?
        
         | imartin2k wrote:
         | Yes most of human behavior is about fear - just that we mostly
         | aren't aware of it. Almost everything is a coping strategy for
         | fear - some constructive, others destructive. Some people end
         | up with more of the constructive ones, others with more of the
         | destructive ones. The way to have some control over this is
         | mindfulness, to practice being aware of the fear whenever it
         | comes, and then of the habitual response. And then to practice
         | responding differently if one doesn't find one's habitual
         | response constructive.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | At the same time, as someone very prone to this kind of
         | behavior, with siblings with similar issues to talk to, we've
         | all found that few attempts at helping are more frustrating
         | than being told "just remember that you don't need to be
         | anxious". The entire point is that in the moment that just
         | doesn't work. It's kind of like telling a person with ADHD to
         | just pay attention.
        
         | romphl wrote:
         | This 100%. But the only time where I do have the courage to
         | step out of that comfort zone is when I have that don't-give-a-
         | shit attitude usually triggered by a specific life situation
         | for e.g divorce made me not give a shit about being self-
         | conscious about going to the gym or I'm pretty bad at asking
         | people for help but had to approach someone at immigration to
         | get help with my passport in front of everyone there.
         | 
         | I wish it comes easy like with the people I know for e.g no
         | worries or issues at all with questioning a contractor
         | regarding the price of remodelling a kitchen, sending back
         | dishes due to some quality issues..etc
        
         | matejn wrote:
         | This reminds me of Seneca's letter on groundless fears. "We
         | suffer more often in imagination than in reality." [1]
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Let...
        
         | alexo67 wrote:
         | The thing is, if you really know it's just a fear, it's much
         | easier to name it and overcome it. I know from myself that the
         | worst thing that can be is anxiety of unknown origin.
        
         | mindwok wrote:
         | As an anxious person with people-pleasing tendencies, something
         | I've been trying to focus on is reframing the situation and
         | removing fear entirely. For me, fundamentally the fear of
         | social interactions comes from the fear I'm going to do
         | something wrong, that person will react badly, and I'll feel
         | bad about myself. I've realised this entire calculus is broken,
         | because you feel good or bad based on people's reactions which
         | is something you cannot control.
         | 
         | Instead, I'm trying to focus on feeling good or bad based on my
         | intentions, and seeing people's reactions as merely a feedback
         | loop to better align my actions with my intentions. It has been
         | difficult but I think it is slowly working.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | But your actions may have good intentions but still end up
           | getting a bad reaction. Think codependency; you may have good
           | intentions dealing with the other person's bad behaviour, but
           | you're still encouraging the bad behaviour that way, and you
           | may still resent your own actions despite your good
           | intentions.
        
             | mindwok wrote:
             | That's the idea though, if your intentions are sound but
             | you're not getting the reactions you expect, then you need
             | to re-evaluate how you're acting. The important part is not
             | to beat yourself up about it - bad reactions are just a way
             | for you to learn and correct your actions, fundamentally
             | you are still the person you think you think you are.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | They key thing here is that what you're describing can be
               | interpreted several ways.
               | 
               | One could be maladaptive (long term) and is the easy
               | approach (or may be necessary to survive short term) -
               | 'oh, I need to be _nicer_ or _give more_ ', or 'oh, I
               | need to manipulate them or make them be okay with this'
               | which is the codependent approach.
               | 
               | The other is to step back, realize perhaps you're already
               | giving too much, and it's time to leave (safely) or deal
               | with more blowback at the moment to set a boundary even
               | at the risk of real problems.
               | 
               | That takes courage and a wider view, exactly what is hard
               | to do when in these situations though.
        
           | afarviral wrote:
           | I've been doing this too, but saying to myself "you are off
           | the hook altogether" with the reasoning that the harm from
           | not attempting something is just so much worse than any
           | typical consequence from saying or doing something dumb in
           | the moment, to the point it needn't even be a consideration.
           | But I like this approach of focussing on intention, to
           | rationalize it.
        
           | NayamAmarshe wrote:
           | > Instead, I'm trying to focus on feeling good or bad based
           | on my intentions, and seeing people's reactions as merely a
           | feedback loop to better align my actions with my intentions.
           | 
           | This is the way. People might disagree, but I've noticed that
           | our intentions really do influence the outcomes because our
           | intentions affect the way we approach problems (Kinda like
           | Wave function collapse). My world is a mere reflection of who
           | I really am, what I really think and what I meditate upon.
        
             | mindwok wrote:
             | Yes, I completely agree. Instead of being upset with
             | outcomes (like how people react to me in interactions),
             | there's three things I've been trying to instead focus on:
             | Am I at peace with my core values? Do my intentions align
             | with those values? And finally, do my actions align with
             | those intentions. If something bad has happened, and those
             | three questions are a 'yes', then you have no reason to
             | feel bad because you've been completely true to yourself
             | and this occurence is something outside your control. If
             | it's a 'no', then you probably need to do some reflection
             | and figure out where in that chain something is going
             | wrong.
        
               | nyanpasu64 wrote:
               | If you say something unpleasant to a boss or someone else
               | with the power to hurt you in life, even if it is aligned
               | with your values (like enforcing boundaries or refusing
               | unethical tasks), you may get fired, lose your income and
               | destabilize your future safety, and have every reason to
               | feel bad about your situation.
        
               | frereubu wrote:
               | Epictetus would add that you need to act in accordance
               | with "nature", by which he meant the world as it is,
               | including human behaviour, not as we want it to be. In
               | this case "nature" would include the behaviour of the
               | boss and you can act accordingly, knowing that if you
               | challenge them you may suffer repercussions.
        
               | mindwok wrote:
               | I see your point but I'd argue that if you feel bad about
               | this it means your core value is actually financial
               | stability over sticking to your principles at any cost,
               | and in that case your actions and intentions didn't align
               | with what you truly value.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Easy to say when you aren't homeless or at risk of being
               | made homeless.
               | 
               | For some folks, unfortunately, lying at times is a
               | necessary survival mechanism.
        
               | mindwok wrote:
               | I'm not disagreeing with you at all. If you value
               | financial stability over taking a stand about things you
               | might disagree with, then lying for survival is aligned
               | with your values. Using the ideas I described above, this
               | would be completely acceptable for the person doing that.
        
               | mpol wrote:
               | Still you might think, I did the best I could.
        
           | isykt wrote:
           | >I've realised this entire calculus is broken, because you
           | feel good or bad based on people's reactions which is
           | something you cannot control.
           | 
           | Yes. A thousand times this. It has taken me years to create a
           | situational intuition around this. Another thing that I have
           | had to learn is that _people aren't thinking about you nearly
           | as much as you think they are._ Like, take whatever amount of
           | time that you think someone is thinking about you in any
           | social situation, and divide that by 10. That's still more
           | than they are thinking about you.
        
         | hackerlight wrote:
         | Anxiety is maladapted for the modern world. Everyday situations
         | in our ancestral past were legitimately dangerous so in that
         | context it paid to be excessively cautious.
        
           | Obscurity4340 wrote:
           | Its honestly getting to that point though, and, depending on
           | the robustness of your support network and economic
           | situation, it can actually get that bad or worse.
        
           | clnq wrote:
           | Yes, but we are one proverbial red button away from nuclear
           | hell on Earth no ancestor could have prepared for, where a
           | lot of anxiety will translate into a lot of lives being
           | saved. So we're not too far from being adapted to the modern
           | world.
           | 
           | It's just that temporarily things are going well - there are
           | no famines, no lawlessness, and no wars. As soon as we return
           | to chaos even a bit, all those thrifty genes and anxious
           | genes won't be so maladaptive.
           | 
           | There doesn't even need to be a world-ending scenario. Just
           | go live outside an urban center, among wild animals, and all
           | these genes will help you.
        
         | sgregnt wrote:
         | > "Reality is 100% of the time, different from our imagination"
         | A bit of a hyperbole: 100%? So never ever we can predict
         | reality? I think, if we focus on the core details, we are
         | better than always wrong, perhaps even much better.
        
           | NayamAmarshe wrote:
           | That's what I meant. Even if you imagine a scenario you can
           | successfully predict (a cashier handing you your change, for
           | example), how it plays out in experience is always different.
           | 
           | Anxiety causes you to imagine how a scenario would play out,
           | in detail. Flashes of things going wrong, something breaking
           | apart and all the terrible things that a horror movie
           | director could imagine.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
         | > > afraid that someone might react in the worst possible way
         | or something really bad might happen.
         | 
         | That type of anxiety is easily beaten, the one where the worry
         | is that 'not the best thing ever happens' is much harder to
         | beat
         | 
         | Kinda like 'if you ain't first you're last mentality' and
         | opportunity cost type thing
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | A little anxiety is a good thing. It's the nagging feeling that
         | maybe you should complete that pre-flight checklist.
         | 
         | I forecast a lot of doom, but try to bother only with the dooms
         | I can prevent or mitigate. This is useful for going "I should
         | replace that pipe before it bursts" or "I should fill up on gas
         | here as it's 300km to the next station".
         | 
         | Where it goes wrong is doom we either cannot control at all, or
         | cannot control without inflicting greater dooms - what someone
         | else might think, whether the sun will rise tomorrow.
         | 
         | I feel we are trained (thanks, marketing. Thanks, social
         | animals) to sensitise ourselves to a great many fears, most of
         | which are beyond our control, and it does us little good.
         | 
         | Case in point: a little over a week ago I was having apoplectic
         | paroxysms over the amount of stuff I have to do at home before
         | winter - foundations to dig, brush to clear, firewood to
         | gather. Then, a forest fire ripped through our land, which was
         | somewhere in my mind as "definitely one day, probably not
         | today, don't sweat it, but have a plan". The former anxiety I
         | was letting grow out of all proportion - so fucking what if I
         | don't dig foundations this year? No deck. Boo hoo.
         | 
         | The latter, if I'm honest, occasionally kept me up at night,
         | and occasionally hovered around the edge of my field of
         | imaginary view, like a particularly irritating fly, but after I
         | would reassure myself that we had go-bags packed, that we had
         | the ability to run without hesitation, it would subside. It's
         | that whole agency thing - being able to take what actions you
         | can to alleviate an anxiety. If there's no meaningful action to
         | be taken, it's a useless anxiety, best forgotten.
         | 
         | If anything, more positives have emerged than negatives - the
         | fire service fixed our road, which we'd been begging the
         | council to do for years, the flammable brush is cleared, and we
         | discovered we have a great many friends.
         | 
         | Sometimes it takes the manifestation of one of our anxieties to
         | remind us what is and what isn't worth worrying about. Watching
         | a friend or family die also has the desired effect - but
         | unfortunately from experience, it isn't permanent, and we (I
         | mean I) seem to need a slap in the face from time to time to
         | remind us what matters.
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | Window of tolerance.
        
       | impulser_ wrote:
       | So from my understanding. Anxious people are so anxious that they
       | overload the part of the brain that typical deals with anxiety so
       | the brain routes it to another part of the brain to deal with it
       | and that part of the brain isn't what you want dealing with it so
       | it cause problems.
       | 
       | So the key is too limit overloading the part of the brain that
       | deals with anxiety, which probably means doing things you are
       | fearing to do so that you no longer fear doing it.
       | 
       | I could be wrong, but that my understanding of it.
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | More accurately multiple parts of the brain are activated when
         | considering anxious situations.
         | 
         | In anxious people the FPI is unable to override the avoidance
         | behaviours.
         | 
         | The key is not to limit overload you don't have much choice
         | there, it's to use other mechanisms to make your seek exposure
         | and not continue avoidance.
         | 
         | CBT is all about teaching those skills the paper mentions TMS.
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | > So the key is too limit overloading the part of the brain
         | that deals with anxiety, which probably means doing things you
         | are fearing to do so that you no longer fear doing it.
         | 
         | Which is pretty much the go-to advise for a lot of people with
         | anxiety as far as I'm aware.
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | As a life long anxiety sufferer, I identify with your
         | interpretation.
         | 
         | My anxiety devolves into panic attacks if I try to deal with it
         | consciously - self talk, rumination, avoidance. But it goes
         | into a dormant state when I don't engage with it consciously
         | and just let it be.
        
           | DrThunder wrote:
           | Yeah I had a couple rough years with panic attacks, high
           | anxiety state (always been anxious but not to that level).
           | What you start to realize is that you are actually scared of
           | the anxiety itself, not the situations so much. So, you sort
           | of get caught in loop of being scared of your own emotions.
           | The treatment is simple, but takes work and a lot of habit
           | forming through time... but essentially you just stop
           | thinking of the anxiety as an emotion you shouldn't have or
           | should fear.
           | 
           | Like you said, just let it be and stop caring about it.
           | Anxiety can be a good thing, it's a normal emotion. Any
           | attempt to stop it or control it will end in disaster. Let
           | your body/mind do it's thing. Emotions are fleeting and they
           | will always come and go. Over time you sort "re-wire" your
           | brain to stop panicking every-time it feels a fleeting
           | anxious feeling.
        
         | barrenko wrote:
         | So in a way anxiety prevents learning a.k.a moving past
         | "undesired" behaviours.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | It's a maladaptive response, yes.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | You're assuming the region in question will undergo
         | desensitization rather than reinforcement learning. That may or
         | may not be the case.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | > doing things you are fearing to do so that you no longer fear
         | doing it.
         | 
         | Careful with that assumption. I can see it completely
         | backfiring. Doing the thing repeatedly can end up _increasing_
         | the anxiety. If this route is taken, then  "the thing" must be
         | introduced very gradually and from a place of security.
         | 
         | As an example, for an arachnophobe, it would starting with
         | something like "draw a dot. Draw a line coming out of the dot.
         | Keep drawing lines up until 8. Pay attention to your anxiety
         | levels and remind yourself that this is not a real spider, only
         | a drawing. You are in control, you are safe". Then progressing
         | to pictures of cartoon spiders, then the first picture of the
         | most cute realistic spider that one can find, and so forth. It
         | would be a process that takes months and it's not guaranteed to
         | work. For example, a realistic depiction of a spider might be
         | too much to handle even with a gradual approach.
         | 
         | On the other hand, if you tell that person "Close your eyes and
         | open your hand. There, I put a tarantula in your hand, you see,
         | it's innocuous!" that person is going to be scared of spiders
         | for life.
         | 
         | I'm exaggerating, but hopefully it sends the point across.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Actually seeing a tarantula made them a lot less scary. Hard
           | to be afraid of something so fluffy.
        
           | anon373839 wrote:
           | This isn't quite accurate.
           | 
           | Graded exposure can be a more manageable way to get to the
           | end result (fear extinction), but reminding yourself that the
           | threat isn't real is a fear-neutralizing behavior that will
           | limit the effectiveness of the treatment. The point of
           | exposure therapy is to feel the fear and to do nothing about
           | it other than let the feeling (eventually) climax and
           | dissipate. (In fact, "lean in harder" can be even better than
           | "do nothing".)
           | 
           | [Edit: I want to emphasize this point for others who may find
           | this post: if you are doing exposure work or you're
           | supporting someone who is, please don't reassure
           | yourself/them that the exposure isn't dangerous. At best it
           | undermines the treatment; at worst it reinforces the fear.
           | When you violate your anxiety by facing a feared situation or
           | idea, it will and should feel like you are doing something
           | bad and dangerous.]
           | 
           | Second, graded exposure isn't always necessary - flooding
           | (direct exposure to the high level fear situation) works too,
           | and can work a lot faster.
           | 
           | But I think most people with anxiety disorders have a number
           | of fears not just a single isolated phobia - and they're
           | connected in a network of sorts. It's often helpful for the
           | person to experience success in extinguishing a low-moderate
           | grade fear first, to grok the process and build confidence to
           | approach their worst fears successfully.
        
             | hoseja wrote:
             | Only I will remain.
        
         | eliasmacpherson wrote:
         | > doing things
         | 
         | I believe this is done in supervised fashion in Exposure and
         | Response Prevention, and also CBT. Some say ERP violates the
         | Hippocratic Oath part about 'do no harm'.
         | 
         | I found the mockery of it in GTA SA quite entertaining [1]. In
         | my own experience, it's probably best to talk to a therapist
         | before forcing yourself into doing things you are fearing.
         | 
         | [1] https://gta.fandom.com/wiki/Inversion_Therapy
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | It violates the Hippocratic oath as much as cutting somone
           | open for surgery does. That is to say, it doesn't at all.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | Physiatrists and psychologists don't take the Hippocratic
           | oath in most cases. I don't think it's even that common for
           | doctors to take it - definitely not in it's original "do no
           | harm" form.
        
         | _def wrote:
         | Im also responding to the "do the things you fear" bit: I
         | _think_ you are right. As to why this works for some and
         | worsens it for others, I think that depends on _how_ you
         | approach this.
         | 
         | In my experience these confrontational situations need to
         | strike a certain place between "too easy" and "too hard". It
         | hardly helps to throw people into situations they can't handle
         | again and again. A more gradual approach via small wins is the
         | way to go IMHO, with a focus on avoiding the learned avoidance
         | patterns, heh. There's also the aspect of the perception: one
         | needs to be able to accept small victories and see them as the
         | improvement that they are.
         | 
         | But all of this is way easier said than done, especially if you
         | have to deal with it all by yourself.
         | 
         | So while I think that you are technically right, I think it's
         | easy to misunderstand for people as "just toughen up" (not
         | implying that's what you meant, but there is this to many
         | people unknown middle part of it that I wrote about).
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | IMO, the 'just toughen up' advice is people kind of giving
           | up.
           | 
           | It's not _wrong_ per-se - just useless. If they could do
           | that, they wouldn't be in the situation! Like telling someone
           | with PTSD to 'just calm down', or someone with an eating
           | disorder to 'eat normally'. If they could, they wouldn't have
           | the problem!
        
         | jjallen wrote:
         | What if there are things we are fearing to do but shouldn't be
         | doing also?
        
           | lionkor wrote:
           | Then usually you shouldnt have a need to do them, and if you
           | feel like you do, that might be the problem to address.
        
           | weird-eye-issue wrote:
           | Fear and anxiety are very different
        
             | nottrobin wrote:
             | How so?
        
               | poszlem wrote:
               | Fear is an immediate, emotional response to a known or
               | definite threat.
               | 
               | Anxiety is a more prolonged emotion that arises from an
               | anticipated or potential threat or a situation that's
               | uncertain. Unlike fear, the source of anxiety might not
               | be real or immediate.
        
               | anon373839 wrote:
               | Fear is a response to a _perceived_ threat. For example,
               | in a panic attack you fear dying, but you are in no more
               | danger than anyone else.
               | 
               | Anxiety is a kind of fuzzy term because it encompasses an
               | overall pattern and cycle as well as the associated
               | feelings. But a useful distinction is that anxiety is
               | driven by avoidance of fear of some uncertainty, and
               | exposure and acclimation to that fear (without avoidance)
               | is what extinguishes the anxiety.
               | 
               | Avoidance can take almost any form, but common examples
               | include worry and rumination, procrastination, compulsive
               | rituals like hand-washing or internet research, self-
               | medicating, and superstitious behaviors. And of course,
               | literal avoidance.
        
               | lr4444lr wrote:
               | I think this splits hairs. Yes, fear means "perceived"
               | threat. You could be acculturated to handling venomous
               | snakes, but that doesn't male the average modern society
               | dweller pathologically fearful of the same snakes.
               | Anxiety is about the distorted _anticipation_ of a
               | threat. E.g., the snake handler has been doing this his
               | whole life, but after seeing his brother accidentally
               | step on one, get bitten, and die, he starts fearing that
               | every one of his future interactions with snakes will be
               | so likely to entail that outcome that he refuses to touch
               | them anymore, and can 't avoid a panic attack if he's in
               | the room with one, despite all his past skill.
        
               | anon373839 wrote:
               | I was responding to a suggestion that fear occurs when
               | the trigger is a "real" threat. But of course, the
               | feeling is the same regardless of whether the hazard is
               | real.
               | 
               | Also, since I've already been accused of hair-splitting,
               | I might as well point out:
               | 
               | > can't avoid a panic attack
               | 
               | There's no need to avoid a panic attack. In fact, trying
               | to avoid a panic attack feeds the panic.
        
               | lloeki wrote:
               | From my experience, the way I'd describe it is:
               | 
               | - fear is transient, you feel it in the moment and then
               | it goes away. You can then remember "boy I was scared"
               | and feel the memory of fear but not fear itself. You can
               | project and imagine a situation where you'd be scared.
               | 
               | - anxiety is a persistent state of stressful anguish.
               | There are peaks and troughs. During peaks it can be
               | overwhelming and look like, trigger, or mix with fear.
               | During troughs anxiety is still there somewhere deep, it
               | merely takes a backseat to other emotions. In every
               | moment it biases every process your mind undertakes.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | > anxiety so the brain routes it to another part of the brain
         | to deal with it
         | 
         | In a sense, anxiety is like a malignant cancer? That explains a
         | lot.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | If your interpretation is correct, it seems that there could be
         | some truth to the old wisdom of (gradually and willingly)
         | facing our fears in order to develop more courage.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > So the key is too limit overloading the part of the brain
         | that deals with anxiety, which probably means doing things you
         | are fearing to do so that you no longer fear doing it.
         | 
         | I gave this advice in the past, but I know people with social
         | anxiety disorder for whom this approach does not work.
        
           | ddmf wrote:
           | I have social anxiety and pushing myself to get out there
           | leads to massive fatigue which makes me not want to go out
           | and do that again, it can lead to a vicious cycle.
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | Exposure Therapy is a great method to deal with this in my
             | humble experience, it has to be set up with sensible
             | realistic boundaries though, and maybe start small, like
             | doing an imagination ET, or taking medication to overcome
             | the initial anxiety.
             | 
             | Reframing this as a challenge with concrete goals rather
             | than a problem helps too.
             | 
             | I'm no expert though, and I advise you to talk to a
             | professional that can help with this.
             | 
             | Don't forget that this is not a problem but just another
             | part of you, and love yourself :)
        
           | antman wrote:
           | Has two parts: Meeting with people, interacting with people.
           | One step at a time, a couple of people, for a specific
           | timeframe.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | The issue comes when/if the people trigger real issues -
             | like fear of being manipulated , or safety concerns.
             | 
             | Right now mental health is a huge problem overall in
             | society, and therapists and Psychiatrists are no except to
             | the rule unfortunately.
             | 
             | It's gotten _very_ predatory out there.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | "Anxious individuals consistently fail in controlling emotional
       | behavior, leading to excessive avoidance, a trait that prevents
       | learning through exposure."
       | 
       | Sounds a lot like burn out in ny experience.
        
         | coder-3 wrote:
         | No, burnout is too much exposure to certain stressors
        
       | FailMore wrote:
       | The authors/others interested in anxiety, may be interested in
       | the paper: Dreaming Is the Inverse of Anxious Mind-Wandering:
       | 
       | https://psyarxiv.com/k6trz
       | 
       | Written by me and discussed on HN here:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19143590
       | 
       | There is a coherent argument to be made that the problem of
       | misplaced anxiety is so prevalent/fundamental to the species,
       | that dreaming is a built in mechanism for diagnosing it.
       | 
       | A summary of the paper is:
       | 
       | Anxious states involve: The default mode ("imagination") network,
       | high levels of the fight-or-flight neurotransmitter
       | norepinephrine, and an active amygdala.
       | 
       | REM dreaming states involve: The default mode ("imagination")
       | network, extremely low levels of the fight-or-flight
       | neurotransmitter norepinephrine (80% below base levels), and
       | (surprisingly) an inactive amygdala.
       | 
       | The content of dreams can be viewed as inverse anxious mind
       | wandering, where situations we find ourselves in actually
       | encourage confrontational behaviour, however we are able to
       | observe our avoidant behaviour with clarity that is not so
       | present in waking life. (This also indicates that anxious
       | structures are not really associated to the neurological state,
       | as in we still seem to follow our anxious patterns even when
       | norepinephrine levels are low, implying that the structures that
       | represent them in our brain are not affected by different levels
       | of norepinephrine/must exist outside of something so variable.)
        
       | byteknight wrote:
       | In my head, what this says is that the brain is a muscle that
       | will use pathways and otherwise more used areas, more frequently.
       | 
       | Seems logical when I think about it that way.
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | It's a great study. I would welcome if they did the same
       | experiment and analysis on groups of people who had an anxiety
       | disorder diagnosed and got healed, preferrably with CBT or other
       | non-pharmacological methods alone, and a healthy population. It
       | would be interesting to see the effects of therapy on this
       | mechanism and whether an higher excitable FPI stays activated in
       | the healed cohort or it's exitability is less, or the amygdala
       | activation is again the root of all of this. It's notable that
       | some healthy individuals had high FPI excitability but were not
       | anxious.
        
       | riazrizvi wrote:
       | So, heightened anxiety triggers alternate emotional regulation,
       | with traits like pro-avoidance behavior.
       | 
       | To me this is not necessarily dysfunctional. It may also go hand-
       | in-hand with motivating heightened deliberation. I can see how
       | one can fall into regressive patterns like distracting ourselves
       | away from critical path actions, especially if a particular
       | person only uses one of two strategies, 1) try going on as before
       | or 2) try forgetting we need to go this way.
       | 
       | I take a more neutral approach on the finding and don't yet
       | assume this is something that is best medicated out of. They show
       | that _even mild emotional challenges can saturate FPl neural
       | range_ , which to me is simply a greater sensitivity that can be
       | easily overloaded (like when you put the voltmeter on a more
       | sensitive setting). Exposure Therapy is a methodical, deliberate,
       | routine heavy strategy. ET doesn't simply get us to re-engage, it
       | gets us to re-engage with new and different behavior, which may
       | be essential to success.
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | The paper suggests rTMS to disrupt the disruptive activities.
         | 
         | The emotional challenge in this study was that you had a
         | joystick and sometimes you pulled that joystick towards you
         | when you saw an unhappy face. That's what was paralysing
         | emotional challenge was for highly anxious people. Meaning it's
         | unlikely their PFl could have any control in real life
         | scenarios. It's important to note that in both anxious and non-
         | anxious people the PFl was highly excitable. It's the pattern
         | of its activity that makes a difference.
         | 
         | Cognition is hard work and the truth is you can't reason about
         | your entire life and expect much success. Like driving a car as
         | a learner your whole life, I remember the first driving lesson
         | I had, I couldn't even focus with the radio on. Imagine if
         | every time you got in you had less intuition about how to
         | drive.
         | 
         | Think of the absence of fpi as a lack of intuition you get once
         | you learn to drive.
         | 
         | CBT +/- an SSRI for 6months is a small price to pay to regain
         | intuition.
        
           | fellowmartian wrote:
           | One potential problem with this approach is that a person
           | might not actually fear driving a car but dying in general,
           | and this fear spills over into all parts of life. I don't
           | think you can CBT your way out of it.
        
             | psychphysic wrote:
             | I think that's just the type of problem CBT practitioners
             | love to work on.
        
               | fellowmartian wrote:
               | I think it's a "if all you have is a hammer" situation.
               | In my experience and from talking to different therapists
               | CBT is ill-equipped to deal with existential problems
               | because it doesn't embrace them or helps patients learn
               | from them. Existential therapy or other forms of
               | psychoanalysis is better suited, in my opinion.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | I agree with your take on CBT and existential problems
               | (although CBT is incredible for many other types of
               | issues). Do you have more details on therapies that are
               | useful for existential types of problems?
        
           | xtiansimon wrote:
           | > "Like driving a car as a learner your whole life, I
           | remember the first driving lesson I had, I couldn't even
           | focus with the radio on."
           | 
           | This reminded me of starting to ride a motorcycle (again) in
           | 2021. Lots of anxiety and stress.
           | 
           | Two years later I'm not as stressed. But, each near-accident
           | I've had was following not paying attention.
           | 
           | Thinking about this on a ride over the weekend, I mused about
           | solo-jet fighter pilots and Olympians. I recalled breathing
           | exercises are supposed to help.
           | 
           | Reading the abstract, I'm reminded of awkward social
           | situations and inexperience in primary school. I'm thinking
           | the biggest lesson was trying, and realizing failure is not
           | life threatening. But it didn't stop me from developing some
           | bad habits for cheating on tests, and waiting until the last
           | 48 hours to write my papers.
           | 
           | I think getting a job at 16 helped a lot. It was at a comic
           | book shop. I held that job for seven years.
        
             | elwell wrote:
             | > realizing failure is not life threatening
             | 
             | That doesn't hold true when it comes to riding a motorcycle
             | though. Maybe the fear is warranted.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | "Fear is the mind killer". Focus spent worrying about the
               | potential consequences of failure is focus not spent on
               | avoiding failure altogether.
        
               | jancsika wrote:
               | > "Fear is the mind killer".
               | 
               | I wonder if anyone has ever done a cross-check of the
               | "fearlessness" lit authors for signs of toxoplasmosis.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | It's a Dune quote.
        
               | huimang wrote:
               | Failure in this case ranges from life-altering
               | disabilities or death outright. The emotional toll on
               | your friends and family. The waste of medical resources
               | on you.
               | 
               | Yeah, people should have a healthy amount of fear for
               | needlessly dangerous things.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | The time for thinking about that is before you get on a
               | bike. Once you're going down the highway, fretting about
               | what-ifs does not help you.
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | Hence, the warranted fear. It's not a "failed response"
               | in that case
        
           | Aeglaecia wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | psychphysic wrote:
             | Eh? I don't understand what you're saying.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Aeglaecia wrote:
               | journey not the destination
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | > institutionalized gaslighting
             | 
             | Quite an accusation. Have you done CBT?
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | I can sort of see how you get there?
               | 
               | "I know you are afraid of walking through a crowd of
               | people, but think of how many people do that every day.
               | Think of all those times when you were 15 when you did it
               | without any problem."
               | 
               | E.g. your problem isn't real, it's all in your mind.
               | Which of course it is, that's kind of the point :)
        
               | jplusequalt wrote:
               | From the outside, it's easy to dismiss an anxious
               | individuals fears as nothing more than thoughts in their
               | head that are (sometimes, but not always) completely
               | removed from reality. But from the perspective of the
               | anxious person whose sympathetic nervous system is
               | causing elevated heart rates, shaky sweaty hands and
               | feet, heart palpitations and chest pain, pressure
               | headaches, and brain fog, the problem may seem a tad bit
               | more serious than something that's "all in your mind".
               | 
               | Look, I understand what you're trying to say, but as
               | someone who deals with all of the physical symptoms of
               | anxiety listed above and has been told by loved ones
               | countless times "your problem isn't real, so just don't
               | stress about it", it doesn't help, and it's frankly
               | infuriating to hear.
        
               | kdmccormick wrote:
               | Agreed, and I think GP mostly agrees with you too, their
               | phrasing was just confusing.
               | 
               | As a bipolar person I have come to semi-ironically
               | embrace the "it's all in your mind" mindset, but with the
               | understanding that literally EVERYTHING is in our minds,
               | and there is no clean distinction between physical and
               | mental symptoms. Mental and physical illness are one and
               | the same, because our body feeds our brain and our brain
               | runs our body.
               | 
               | Simple example: a stomachache involves your brain
               | noticing and reacting to something going on in your
               | stomach. Is it your brain's fault for telling you your
               | stomach is upset, or your stomach's fault for having the
               | conditions to be upset, or your brain's fault for leading
               | your stomach to have the conditions to be upset, or your
               | stomach's fault for altering your brai chemistry so that
               | it has the conditions to lead your stomach to.... etc,
               | you can understand how fuzzy it all is.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Yeah, sorry. My comment was meant to agree, but
               | illustrate that to people without anxiety (or disinclined
               | to trust the medical establishment) CBT might come across
               | as little different from "it's all in your head".
               | 
               | I suffer from the same, and after CBT, it's actually kind
               | of worse to hear "it isn't real, so don't worry", because
               | I _know_ it (on the balance of probability) isn't real,
               | but somehow that doesn't make me feel any better.
        
               | kdmccormick wrote:
               | EDIT: Sorry, I misunderstood your comment, I thought you
               | were GGP saying that "it's all in your head" is better
               | than CBT. Leaving my original response below.
               | 
               | Sure, but someone with crippling anxiety could easily
               | counter your with any of these:
               | 
               | * I was assaulted when I was 17 so of course I could do
               | things more easily when I was 15.
               | 
               | * I feel physical symptoms of anxiety when I am around
               | others so it's not just in my mind.
               | 
               | * I am a fundamentally worse person than average and do
               | not deserve to be around other people.
               | 
               | * I don't care about what others can do, I would rather
               | die than walk through a crowd.
               | 
               | CBT tries to meet people where they are, acknowledge
               | them, and then give them the tools to move in a healty
               | direction. Kinda like this:
               | 
               | "I know you are afraid of walking through a crowd of
               | people. I want you to imagine walking through the crowd,
               | and tell me what you think and feel.
               | 
               | OK, so you feel physically ill, and you feel like there
               | are bugs on your skin, and you imagine people around you
               | are talking about you. Let's acknowledge that's how you
               | feel.
               | 
               | Now, let's look at this logically. Do you accept that
               | it's unlikely that anyone is actually talking about you?
               | Can you touch your skin, confirm there are no bugs? And,
               | finally, do you understand that your nausea, whilst real,
               | is likely a physical symptom of anxiety following from
               | the other two things, so if we work on the anxiety then
               | the nausea will subside too?
               | 
               | Great. So we've acknowledged how you feel, and we've
               | acknowledged that what you are feeling is driven by
               | anxiety moreso than reality, and we agree that it's
               | possible for you to overcome. It's OK if that doesn't
               | immediately resolve your fear, but next time you are near
               | a crowd, I want you to think about what we talked about
               | before you decide to avoid the crowd."
               | 
               | This is proven to be more likely to help people. If your
               | smug "IT'S ALL IN YOUR HEAD" solution worked, then plenty
               | of kids with mental issues would have been magically
               | cured when their parents said that exact phrase to them.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | One's beliefs and feelings won't be rational but the
               | overall functioning of your brain is mostly reasonable
               | when you know enough about your self, your past, and your
               | brain. The task of building a fulfilling life with the
               | nervous system you actually have is not trivial but also
               | not impossible.
        
               | 121789 wrote:
               | No not really. Gaslighting has an intent to deceive
               | someone to pull them away from reality. CBT starts with
               | the assumption by both people that the patient is away
               | from reality and gives them tools to bring them closer.
               | Gaslighting is like trying to convince a healthy person
               | they're fat (and giving them an eating disorder in the
               | process) while CBT is like giving a fat person practices
               | to manage appetite.
        
               | kdmccormick wrote:
               | Well said.
        
               | hunkiry wrote:
               | I believe OP is trying to suggest that if you're well
               | adjusted to the current world, you're the one who is
               | deluded. And therefore, any method to change your
               | perspective is forcing a delusion. Gas lighting.
               | 
               | The fat person in your metaphor is actually fit,
               | surrounded by unhealthy skinny people who have been
               | convinced they are fit.
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | CBT is the gold standard solution for this kind of
             | problems[0].
             | 
             | [0] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797481/
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | It's not really different from asking people to remember
               | how things didn't go wrong in earlier situations though.
               | It's weird how giving it a specific name and repeating it
               | often enough in a variety of different ways makes it
               | actually work.
        
               | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
               | As far as I can tell, CBT is the gold standard for
               | psychotherapy in much the same way that agile is the gold
               | standard for software development. There's compelling
               | evidence that some implementations can be remarkably
               | effective at least some of the time, and a vague
               | consensus that it's good and proven. However, there's
               | also widespread disagreement and confusion about what it
               | means to actually do it, how to evaluate whether it's a
               | poor fit as opposed to the practitioner or client "doing
               | it wrong", and the extent to which it meaningfully
               | outperforms other approaches across a variety of real-
               | world situations.
        
             | d4nt wrote:
             | One of the first things that some reading on psychology
             | gives you is the realisation that the "real self" is an
             | illusion. You're a bundle of competing drives and
             | narratives. Even you don't know why you do stuff most of
             | the time, and you make up justifications after the fact. So
             | if one way of looking at things makes you stay home and
             | cry, while another leads to going out and making the world
             | a better place, maybe training yourself to pick the latter
             | interpretation is a good thing.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | Interestingly, Internal Family Systems therapy, which
               | applies techniques from family systems therapy to the
               | internal world, treats this as a "both-and." You _do_
               | have a core Self, but one of the primary things it does
               | is lead and direct and serve as the primary attachment
               | figure for all the other parts of you, which are
               | conceptualized as individual, separate characters with
               | their own history, needs, desires, wounds, and fears.
               | 
               | I've found this to be an _immensely_ helpful way to work
               | through my own struggles and maladaptive behaviors.
               | Trying to get myself to do something challenging is more
               | like leading a group, some of whom are gung ho and others
               | who are terrified because something about it reminds them
               | of something that went very badly for them back when we
               | were younger.
               | 
               | When it feels like some negative attitude is overriding
               | the whole system, it's said that a part has "blended"
               | with the Self, and the way forward is to help it unblend,
               | to step back or aside so you, as the Self, can be in
               | relationship _with_ it, can listen to it and understand
               | it (which goes a long way in its own right), but then
               | also help meet the need or protect from the scary thing.
               | The part never has access to all the resources you do as
               | the Self, and the part is often a young child trying to
               | take on something that _should_ be overwhelming for a
               | child.
               | 
               | I have no idea whatsoever if this is the case, but it
               | wouldn't surprise me to find that what's actually
               | happening inside the brain in these cases is an energy
               | shift away from, for example, this over-excited anxious
               | part of the brain to one with more control and executive
               | function. It might be a way of training the mind to
               | direct the activation of the brain, not unlike training
               | for any other sort of skill.
        
               | chrbr wrote:
               | Is there a commonly-recommended introductory text for
               | IFS? I've always found it interesting, and it resonates
               | with me, given my internal monologue(s).
        
               | yasman wrote:
               | No Bad Parts - Richard Schwartz
        
               | Lalabadie wrote:
               | Levi's Internal notes Family Systems is a good place to
               | dive into. Be warned that it's broad but non-linear:
               | https://integralguide.com/IFS
               | 
               | Someone from Reddit also compiled this (well-ordered!)
               | list of references: https://liveifs.notion.site/IFS-
               | Books-Youtubes-etc-b1fb32e8f...
        
             | fellowmartian wrote:
             | I think it's the other way around, CBT and SSRIs is not the
             | last resort but the first. These techniques can help
             | acquire the basic life skills of operating in anxious
             | situations, but they're a prosthesis.
             | 
             | You can use this prosthesis to tackle the underlying deeper
             | issues.
             | 
             | But I do agree reliance on CBT and SSRIs as the be-all and
             | end-all of therapy is bad and inhumane. They're the most
             | commodifiable techniques, but they're Pavlovian and reduce
             | human beings to machines you can train through a chat bot
             | (really?).
        
           | riazrizvi wrote:
           | I think we might each be talking to different ends of the
           | extreme here.
           | 
           | > recruitment of FPl when controlling emotional behavior
           | fails in patients with emotional disorders
           | 
           | I won't comment on people who have emotional disorders, or
           | who have operated in this modality for very long periods of
           | time. I'm more interested in it as a transient mechanism in
           | people without disorders.
        
             | psychphysic wrote:
             | Ah I'm not sure you can extend this study to high anxiety
             | circumstances in otherwise non-anxious people.
             | 
             | The executive functions that highly anxious people need to
             | engage are precisely the functions that high stress levels
             | disrupt.
             | 
             | This is about low stress situations in anxious people.
             | 
             | Not high stress situations in non-anxious people.
             | 
             | It's not likely that we can extrapolate between the two.
             | And it's likely under those scenarios a third or more
             | mechanism comes into play (flight, fight, freeze).
             | 
             | Not to mention the control were all men so we do need
             | better sample for replication before we consider
             | extrapolation.
        
               | riazrizvi wrote:
               | It's hard to say where the boundary of application lies,
               | I believe. The paper is naturally concise, and
               | experiments typically select potent examples to clarify
               | the phenomena, economically. Without the authors'
               | clarifying contextual anecdotes, I believe there is a lot
               | of room to interpret.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | isykt wrote:
         | > I take a more neutral approach on the finding and don't yet
         | assume this is something that is best medicated out of.
         | 
         | Is it possible for an individual to do ET, or indeed other
         | therapy in combination with medication, to study the change in
         | this response? I tend to agree that we (collectively) should
         | not look at these results and immediately look for a drug to
         | change it; after all, that's how we arrive at a popular culture
         | that thinks depression is a chemical imbalance (it's not), so
         | it would be nice to be able to use these findings in
         | conjunction with therapies that focus on a person's ability to
         | change their own mind.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > To me this is not necessarily dysfunctional.
         | 
         | If it wasn't dysfunctional, it wouldn't be a diagnosed with
         | mental health condition to begin with.
         | 
         | I think this is a concept that is getting lost in mainstream
         | mental health discourse: There is a big difference between
         | anxiety _the emotion_ and anxiety _the mental health disorder_.
         | Similar story for depression and concentration struggles.
         | 
         | It's normal to feel anxious at times. It's not healthy when
         | anxiety becomes so dominant as to interfere with normal
         | activities of life, manifesting as the type of pervasive
         | avoidance behavior described in this study.
         | 
         | This is becoming a huge problem among the young people I've
         | mentored recently; They will go through phases where they
         | become convinced, often by TikTok or Reddit, that they have
         | ADHD, anxiety, and/or depression because they aren't perfect
         | robots who do marathon study sessions with a smile every day. I
         | feel like I'm always explaining to them that it's normal and
         | healthy to feel _some_ discomfort as they learn and grow. It's
         | not reasonable to expect everything in life to come easy. Of
         | course, there are students who struggle with mental health
         | issues as well, but the difference between someone struggling
         | with lifelong ADHD and someone who just learned about ADHD
         | through a serious of TikToks a few weeks ago and now thinks
         | they have it is obvious when you've been working with them both
         | for a long time.
         | 
         | > I take a more neutral approach on the finding and don't yet
         | assume this is something that is best medicated out of.
         | 
         | The study doesn't say that this is "best medicated out of". It
         | specifically highlights exposure therapy as being effective in
         | normalizing this in individuals who respond to it:
         | 
         | > and exposure therapy has been shown to restore frontopolar
         | function in those PTSD patients that benefit from treatment.
         | 
         | I think this is another issue permeating pop culture discussion
         | of mental health issues: The assumption that strong medications
         | are the default response. Every medical professional I know
         | prefers lifestyle interventions and therapy modalities to
         | prescribing medications, but patients often arrive convinced
         | that they _need_ medication. If the provider recommends therapy
         | or lifestyle interventions they often get angry that at the
         | perception that the provider is being dismissive or not taking
         | their problem seriously.
        
           | tacker2000 wrote:
           | I also see that some of these types of people you mention
           | wear this (imagined or not) ADHD "status" as some kind of
           | badge of honor, so that they may feel superior to or more
           | special than "normal" people. Weird times.
        
             | firebirdn99 wrote:
             | I think it's always been that way to some extent. There's
             | some element of being human, where we seek empathy from
             | others or pity if you will to a degree. I know I've done
             | it, where I made justifications for something I have
             | difficulty in.
             | 
             | It's just now there's a lot more of it, where there is a
             | lot more awareness of disabilities, and empathy rightfully
             | but also means more people are inclined to maybe take the
             | easy way out through diagnoses or taking medication to
             | cover for some emotional issues. If there is no other way,
             | then you should seek out meds,etc. But it is part of being
             | human, to understand and overcome some difficulties through
             | perseverance, resilience, or emotional work.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | I agree, the term is stretched too thin. Same goes for
           | shyness. There's a threshold.
        
           | nonbirithm wrote:
           | > They will go through phases where they become convinced,
           | often by TikTok or Reddit, that they have ADHD, anxiety,
           | and/or depression because they aren't perfect robots who do
           | marathon study sessions with a smile every day.
           | 
           | I was struggling to put a name to this phenomenon but I
           | recently learned about the term "semantic contagion" as
           | coined by Ian Hacking. There is an article I found
           | interesting that speculates the rise of a rare disorder with
           | the proliferation of the Internet in the 1990s.
           | 
           | I think the idea that an influx of readily available
           | information can confuse people with tempting theories or
           | misinterpretation is more relevant than ever today.
           | 
           | https://archive.is/OsvZ6
        
           | BoxFour wrote:
           | > The assumption that strong medications are the default
           | response. Every medical professional I know prefers lifestyle
           | interventions and therapy modalities to prescribing
           | medications
           | 
           | Moreover, these two aspects nearly always coincide: Every
           | credible institution will require you to engage in therapy in
           | tandem with commencing medication. Often, once your condition
           | improves, the discourse shifts towards the possibility of
           | gradually decreasing your medication (though this is
           | obviously a conversation, not a mandate).
        
             | DrThunder wrote:
             | This is the wrong approach imo. Therapy, lifestyle changes,
             | learning to cope with it without meds should always be the
             | first line treatment. More and more, you see the approach
             | of just handing out meds like candy with a small mention
             | that you should also seek therapy AFTER you get the meds.
             | You can go to a general doctor and they'll write you up a
             | prescription for an SSRI with hardly and convincing at all,
             | there is no requirement for therapy so I'm not sure where
             | you're getting that from.
             | 
             | The side effects of meds for anxiety issues are far too
             | downplayed imo. Benzos, ssri's etc. all have very
             | detrimental side effects and are very difficult to get off
             | of.
        
               | jplusequalt wrote:
               | Preface: I'm speaking as someone who is diagnosed with
               | OCD and generalized anxiety disorder, and I will be
               | speaking about my experiences.
               | 
               | When my mental health took a turn for the worse a few
               | years ago, I was strongly encouraged by my therapist to
               | start taking medication. I was admittedly skeptical upon
               | hearing. I had never taken psychiatric medications before
               | as I held many misconceptions of their side effects, and
               | besides, I figured therapy was supposed to "fix me," so
               | why should I need meds?
               | 
               | When I inquired as to why they wanted me to become
               | medicated, their response was that patients tend to only
               | reach out for help AFTER their mental health becomes
               | severe enough that "learning to cope without meds" is not
               | an option. When a provider is faced with such a case,
               | they are trained to treat it with as much aggression as
               | reasonably possible in order to prevent the patient from
               | becoming even more despondent. This means medication.
               | 
               | From the perspective of the patient, it appears that
               | they're being funneled into taking meds, but from the
               | perspective of the provider they recognize the trajectory
               | the patient is on, and suggest taking drastic actions
               | before things get worse.
        
               | BoxFour wrote:
               | > there is no requirement for therapy
               | 
               | As I mentioned before, reputable establishments typically
               | mandate concurrent therapy, particularly when dealing
               | with conditions like depression and anxiety. Your
               | therapist and psychiatrist will often work together and
               | share notes to better treat you. Reputable psychiatrists
               | will often ask if you want to try therapy alone first:
               | The good ones have no lack of patients, so it's not in
               | their interest to even take you on immediately especially
               | if you're not committed to getting better through
               | therapeutic means.
               | 
               | Sure: Just as you can unquestionably locate primary care
               | physicians who readily prescribe large quantities of
               | Vicodin, naturally, you can also come across
               | psychiatrists and PCPs who readily prescribe SSRIs
               | without much supervision.
        
               | DrThunder wrote:
               | "As I mentioned before, reputable establishments
               | typically mandate concurrent therapy"
               | 
               | But, this is objectively false. Are you trying to say a
               | GD is not "reputable"? Like I said, you can go directly
               | to a GD almost anywhere in this country and they will
               | give you an SSRI with no requirement or mandate to get
               | therapy at all. They will all mention it but there's
               | nothing that requires you to attend therapy.
        
               | BoxFour wrote:
               | > are you trying to say a GD is not "reputable"?
               | 
               | In the capacity of a psychiatrist? No, a primary care
               | physician is not a trustworthy substitute for a
               | psychiatrist. Mental health disorders should not be
               | addressed by a PCP, even if they have the ability to
               | prescribe you medication for it. You should seek
               | treatment from mental health clinics that almost always
               | have both psychiatrists and therapists on staff or work
               | closely with other clinics that do.
               | 
               | Furthermore, once more: Numerous primary care physicians
               | excessively prescribed opioids like candy. Acquiring a
               | medical license does not automatically equate to being
               | reputable in all fields.
        
           | jyrkesh wrote:
           | I've shared my experience in being diagnosed as ADHD as an
           | adult already[1][2], but in this context, the net is that I
           | fought even the concept of going on any kind of medication
           | for a long time. I wanted to go hard on lifestyle
           | interventions and all kinds of different "tricks" for working
           | around my constant reshifting to different priorities.
           | 
           | Ironically, while I love my therapist still, my psych has
           | been an absolute pill pusher. I've routinely told her that
           | I'm not interested in _also_ being prescribed Xanax because
           | I'm having some anxiety after a long, shitty breakup. That
           | discomfort is part of the human experience. But she is SO
           | eager to throw more Rx at me...it's been kind of eye opening
           | how easy it could be to abuse prescription meds.
           | 
           | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33806988
           | 
           | [2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33807050
        
       | tukantje wrote:
       | So can we fix it?
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | Avoid avoidance.
         | 
         | This is a study on the structural appearance of anxiety driven
         | behaviours.
         | 
         | Treatment remains the same, CBT +/- SSRI which facilitates
         | relearning behaviours via Dopamine actions.
         | 
         | Paper speculates TMS might be used to disrupt some brain
         | regions.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | yesn't
         | 
         | the results of this study can, in combination with other
         | studies over time, potentially, lead to better treatment
         | methods. Weather that's better assistant medication, better
         | ways to apply treatments or a better understanding of some of
         | the unusual treatment methods.
         | 
         | But what is described in the paper seems to me to be a
         | fundamental mechanism of the brain to cope with anxiety
         | overload. And that we can't fix, because it isn't really
         | broken. I mean compare it to a bit far fetched example: Water
         | spill ways. Especially on a larger scale they always come with
         | drawbacks and you can't fix that. What you can change is stuff
         | like how you wire up the spill way (e.g. when and which gates
         | opens when) or e.g. how likely they need to be engaged (by
         | upstream changing things), or how well you (as a city) cope
         | with whatever drawbacks the specific water spill way has. For
         | all of this properly understanding the underlying mechanics is
         | important. And this is what the paper is about, properly
         | understanding the mechanics so that we can provide better
         | treatment.
        
       | petesergeant wrote:
       | If you suffer from anxiety, and haven't tried any of the
       | following yet, worth giving a go: escitalopram (with medical
       | supervision, also 10mg did nothing for me, 20mg was life
       | changing), ingesting silexan / lavendar oil, L-Theanine with your
       | coffee, less coffee, less alcohol, propanalol (see a dr) instead
       | of benzos for break-through anxiety, ashwagandha.
        
         | jassyr wrote:
         | I second escitalopram. 10mg changed my life.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | It's really a roll of the dice. My mother was scared of me
           | getting on Escitalopram because it gave her panic attacks but
           | it was literally a silver bullet from me. 10mg a day turns me
           | from a broken brain to a mostly normal human brain. It's such
           | a lightswitch effect that sometimes I wonder if I'm
           | overselling it to myself, and then I forget to get my
           | prescription refilled for a couple days and I can feel that
           | anxiety creeping back in from the edges, trying to make it's
           | insidious way back into my life, and then I remember why I
           | take it.
           | 
           | My understanding is that each SSRI type med has a roughly 30%
           | chance of working for you, though the odds are slightly
           | connected for SSRIs that are similar.
           | 
           | If only the ADHD was as easy.
        
         | rejectfinite wrote:
         | >L-Theanine
         | 
         | This with caffeine is amazing!
         | 
         | *Its whats in green tea that gives the calming effect
        
         | riazrizvi wrote:
         | I personally have tried and agree with L-Theanine to reduce
         | coffee anxiety without killing its alertness power, and anxiety
         | certainly spikes a day after a night out drinking. But I think
         | we are missing here the most important levers; 1) a steady
         | regimen of well-scheduled exercises and injury-preventing
         | recovery work, 2) a well-scheduled nutritionally balanced diet
         | free of inflammatory products. Julia Ross's The Mood Cure goes
         | into specifics for the latter, for example sufficient
         | L-Tryptophan is important for a feeling of well-being. I think
         | scheduling is key because stress increases with energy
         | unpredictability.
        
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