[HN Gopher] Air Force funds 'blended wing body' design for long-...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Air Force funds 'blended wing body' design for long-range, fuel-
       efficient flight
        
       Author : webmaven
       Score  : 47 points
       Date   : 2023-08-19 18:32 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.popsci.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.popsci.com)
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | It looks like Thunderbird 2.
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | Is the B-21 not a blended wing body?
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Reminds me of the X33, a program I remember my dad was working on
       | during my childhood like 20+ years ago.
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-33
        
         | micah94 wrote:
         | Looking at the cost spent back then vs. what this startup is
         | getting, it doesn't seem like the JetZero guys have even a
         | remote shot at making this happen.
        
       | heisenbit wrote:
       | Isn't such a design a recipe for lot's of ice getting into the
       | engine in the winter if one is not super careful?
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | This is a superior design for operating off unpaved airstrips.
         | If the landing gear is robust enough, this could handily
         | supplement the C130's capabilities. They can always place
         | heaters on top to manage any ice accumulation.
        
         | thrill wrote:
         | Ice usually forms on the leading edges, so if they are kept
         | warm it will greatly reduce this risk.
        
         | ledauphin wrote:
         | there will be any number of design issues for them to solve and
         | this will certainly be one of them. it doesn't seem
         | insurmountable, though.
        
         | JimtheCoder wrote:
         | No. Why would it?
        
           | ledauphin wrote:
           | this was a common problem with the older tail-mounted
           | engines. ice would come off the wings during takeoff and go
           | straight back into them.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | How
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Nice. NASA and Airbus have both flown blended-wing unmanned test
       | aircraft.
       | 
       | Not sure what role this serves for the USAF. It's a transport.
       | Wider loads? Stealth?
       | 
       | The US has had total air superiority in every conflict since the
       | Korean War. That's over. The Ukraine war makes it clear. Against
       | a competent opponent, most of what flies will die. There are just
       | too many man-portable and truck-mounted systems that can take
       | down aircraft. Zipping over hostile territory in helicopters is
       | pretty much out. Flying big, fat transports over contested
       | territory is out. Anything that flies over hostile terrain had
       | better be able to hide, evade, counter, and fight back.
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | Russia would fall like Iraq if we were to attack. Their ground-
         | based anti-air would be hit as soon as even one missile is
         | fired, every radar would be hit within minutes of powering on,
         | their aircraft wiped out as soon as they were within range.
         | With air supremacy we'd be able to fire a precision strike on
         | every piece of active artillery and supply truck. They'd be
         | left with nothing but men starving in trenches and running out
         | of bullets, waiting for death as the sappers close in. It's a
         | crying shame we don't send Ukraine even a tenth of our
         | equipment.
        
           | enterprise_cog wrote:
           | The is the kind of delusional thinking that has NATO forcing
           | Ukraine to use western strategy and then getting slaughtered
           | for it.
           | 
           | The US has never defeated a peer army since WW2, in which the
           | USSR did most of the work. Russia has fifth gen fighters, the
           | S400, and very capable EW and artillery. To pretend they
           | would roll over is pure fantasy.
        
             | xvector wrote:
             | They wouldn't roll over but they would get crushed. Our
             | BVR, cyber, and stealth capabilities far exceed theirs.
             | 
             | In any case, we will never fight a hot war with a nuclear
             | armed country ever again. Nuclear deterrence works, and the
             | nuclear bomb has thankfully ended modern warfare between
             | nuclear-armed countries.
             | 
             | The era of superpowers sending men off to die is over, at
             | least between nuclear-armed countries (but not so much
             | between a nuclear and non-nuclear country.)
        
           | xvector wrote:
           | Ukraine used to be one of the most prolific black market
           | military arms dealers.
           | 
           | We should absolutely avoid sending Ukraine any modern
           | equipment. As soon as the war is over, they'll sell it on the
           | black market to countries that will gladly reverse engineer
           | what we've built.
           | 
           | And as an aside, I have no interest in funding proxy wars
           | with my tax dollars. Let's not return to a Cold War era.
           | Entering this conflict was absolutely absurd.
        
             | luuurker wrote:
             | An Ukraine that relies on the West for most of its
             | equipment, is under Russian threat, and wants to join the
             | EU/NATO will go around selling the West's equipment? Makes
             | little sense to me.
             | 
             | The West, and more specifically the US, is doing what they
             | said they would do if Russia invaded Ukraine. This was done
             | publicly and apparently privately too. So if this is a
             | proxy war, then it's different from most proxy wars.
             | 
             | I don't like war, but when you have someone that wants to
             | expand their borders, sometimes you save a lot of money and
             | lives by ending the problem at the start. If Ukraine goes
             | well, why not do the Baltics next? What about all those
             | ethnic Russians in need of "saving" in Kazakhstan? It might
             | even give China some ideas. So be careful: by not doing
             | anything and saving your precious tax dollars, you might
             | end up spending more in the future.
             | 
             | Wars of expansion should be costly and expensive, otherwise
             | everyone would just start wars.
             | 
             | And that cold war era... isn't that what's we're already
             | walking to with China? The sanctions, China's claims in the
             | South China sea, etc? Russia in Ukraine are just a side
             | show.
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | > Not sure what role this serves for the USAF.
         | 
         | Long range anti-ship missile deployment over the Pacific. A
         | design like this can cover large areas and deploy autonomous
         | weapons from long range.
         | 
         | Weapon development of the US military is almost entirely
         | focused on China and it's growing fleet. There are several air
         | launched anti-ship missile platforms under development right
         | now, including stealth and hypersonic missiles. The US is
         | looking for an efficient, long range, high endurance standoff
         | bomber for these systems. It doesn't need stealth; they'll
         | operate from behind air defenses. It needs high efficiency,
         | large fuel capacity and large payload capacity.
         | 
         | And that is exactly what you're looking at here.
        
         | anonymoose4 wrote:
         | All of the above, you can't wage an air-war without tankers,
         | logistics, and large, antenna covered advanced warning and
         | control aircraft (see the AWACS). It's well known that the CCP
         | has specifically targeted development of long-range air to air
         | missiles so that they could target these types of aircraft
         | behind the front line.
         | 
         | Unfortunately I'm less than optimistic about this particular
         | program actually producing a functional aircraft. The company
         | here is asking for way too little time and too little money to
         | produce a full-sized manned demonstrator IMHO. Especially for a
         | company that has no track record of actually producing full-
         | scale, manned aircraft. It seems like they're trying to get
         | additional private investment to build their demonstrator but
         | who knows.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | > The US has had total air superiority in every conflict since
         | the Korean War. That's over. The Ukraine war makes it clear.
         | Against a competent opponent, most of what flies will die.
         | 
         | Not sure how you work that out. The state that spent half a
         | century focusing on air defence to take out the USAF hasn't
         | even substantially reduced the pathetically small and outdated
         | fixed wing capability of the Ukrainian air force, and neither
         | side has done much damage to the other side's airborne
         | logistics, which is where this would fit. It's not been a great
         | war for helicopters, but neither this project nor the US
         | fighter capability that their superiority rests on is going
         | anywhere close to frontline portable air defence systems.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | It used to be said this would fail in passenger markets because
       | windows. The reality of long haul travel these days is that
       | windows are really only "I can lean here" choices which restrict
       | access to the aisle, for any trans-oceanic journey.
       | 
       | For domestic flights, I am sure there are window seat aficionado
       | who will continue to pay for window in flight. For everyone else,
       | and by current seating maps there are a LOT more of them, this is
       | just a non issue.
       | 
       | If a BWB design permits reasonable density, aisle access, fuel
       | efficiency and a pleasant flight experience (speed, noise) then
       | I'm all for it.
       | 
       | If it has to be a freight or logistics/materiel/fuel aircraft for
       | the forces before general service, so be it.
        
         | usuallyalurker wrote:
         | BWB aircraft have a few more issues than just a lack of window
         | seats.
         | 
         | They require a higher angle of attack on take-off and landing,
         | and, with passengers sitting much further from the centerline
         | of the aircraft than on a conventional design, passengers are
         | subject to much more g-forces during roll maneuvers.
         | 
         | The second issue can be mitigated by avoiding rolling the
         | aircraft and/or by performing less aggressive rolls, but the
         | first issue is something passengers will just have to deal with
         | if BWB passenger aircraft become a thing.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | I wonder if you could tilt everyone's seats forward during
           | takeoff and landing. I've seen very high density seating in
           | the far east where people are virtually standing. Maybe the
           | seats could start off that way, stay that way through takeoff
           | and ascent, then gently lower to a normal posture in level
           | flight.
        
             | pcardoso wrote:
             | Like the pendolino trains? Perhaps it could work, but will
             | make the seats more complicated.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | It's been many years since the window next to me was open. So,
         | I totally agree. And for the last flight I took, the windows
         | were a real PITA, since too many people had them open and there
         | was wicked glare. A good 30-60 minutes I spent bobbing and
         | weaving to avoid it being in my eyes.
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | Maybe we'd gain enough space for a designated viewing area
         | passengers could visit.
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | Or maybe put up partitions in the middle of the plane with
           | digital "windows" embedded inside
        
           | TrainedMonkey wrote:
           | I love your optimism. There are already designating viewing
           | areas and bars for people who shell out first class $$$. But
           | vast majority of people happen to be rational economic agents
           | who choose lower price tickets. So the reality is - there
           | will just be more seats.
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | Also, the best viewing is typically at landing and takeoff
             | when everyone needs to be seated anyway, so I expect it'll
             | end up as a selection of outdoor camera feeds that are
             | available from your seat-back display.
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | Perhaps on a few planes, but for most, economics means it'll
           | make more sense to just put more seats there.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | If this is the only practical solution for hydrogen fuelled
         | aircraft, then it can't fail in passenger markets because there
         | will be no other alternative to compete against once kerosene
         | is too ecologically taxed.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | If you can make carbon-neutral hydrogen, you can combine it
           | with atmospheric CO2 to make synthetic hydrocarbons (or
           | methanol) that are carbon-neutral. There's an energy cost to
           | doing this, but I'm willing to bet it far outweighs the costs
           | of running an airliner on hydrogen.
        
           | jaipilot747 wrote:
           | Is there even a hydrogen turbojet engine?
        
             | twic wrote:
             | Maybe not in service, but it's been done:
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/rolls-
             | roy...
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Afaik it's one of the three H2 airframe options Airbus is
             | pursuing.
             | 
             | https://www.airbus.com/en/innovation/low-carbon-
             | aviation/hyd...
             | 
             | The general idea is to use liquid H2, like the old KN-88
             | design.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-88
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | It would fail because people farther from the center of the
         | plain would feel more extreme movement as the plane banks on
         | turns.
        
           | barnabask wrote:
           | Maybe that's where the luggage should go then...?
        
         | pintxo wrote:
         | The real problems seem to be the outside dimensions (primarily
         | width) of the BWB and the question of how to evacuate such a
         | geometry effectively.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Well, you also have more places to put evacuation corridors
           | and extra doors.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | There are fewer viable spots to put evacuation doors than a
             | conventional tube. The greater internal space means a lot
             | more potential redundancy and width and not necessarily
             | more distance for evacuation routes, but traditional
             | airline economics means packing it with seats.
        
         | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
         | Here's Jack Northrop's view of a flying wing passenger plane.
         | There's a longer version somewhere but I can't find it. Fitting
         | that JetZero is teaming with Northrop Grumman/Scaled Composites
         | on this. I wonder how the workshare divides.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMTwQ9b5hvk
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | > If it has to be a freight or logistics/materiel/fuel aircraft
         | for the forces before general service, so be it.
         | 
         | The challenge for that is economic: those use cases which are
         | generally filled with adaptations of older generation aircraft
         | at the moment probably don't pay back the R&D costs of the
         | programme. Especially since a viable civil aircraft programme
         | also involves worldwide line maintenance capability, a liquid
         | aftermarket etc.
         | 
         | Blended wings are are not a novel idea, and the major
         | airframers have produced multiple concepts, often combined with
         | theoretically much more efficient open rotor engines. The first
         | attempt at a blended wing passenger aircraft was actually over
         | 100 years ago (it was years ahead of its time... and it crashed
         | on its first flight). But there are a lot of challenges other
         | than the passenger experience characteristics people have
         | already mentioned: instead of a simple tube, you now have a
         | broad internal space that needs bracing in a way which doesn't
         | add weight or negate space advantages, and novel designs
         | greatly increased uncertainty in an industry whose safety
         | record relies on predictability. And there's commercial
         | conservatism in an industry whose customer base invests
         | billions in new airframes on the expectation of commonality
         | with existing airframes, phased replacements over predictable
         | replacement cycles etc, and where the _second_ entrance to the
         | market sector might well be the most successful....
         | 
         | Military use involves completely different economics, but for
         | related reasons the anticipated greater fuel efficiency is
         | rarely a big deal for the military. Still, if the military
         | write blank checks, that leaves scope for prototypes that
         | airline executives might struggle to say no to
        
           | neltnerb wrote:
           | > Military use involves completely different economics, but
           | for related reasons the anticipated greater fuel efficiency
           | is rarely a big deal for the military.
           | 
           | I think this assumption is wrong, for airplanes. Higher fuel
           | efficiency means longer range for the same amount of fuel, so
           | it's an increase to range for the same weight carried (or an
           | increase in weight carried to the same range, presumably). I
           | think this is extremely important to the military.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | It's not completely useless, but the US military's existing
             | transport aircraft are not exactly pushing the boundaries
             | of fuel consumption. A regular 777 freighter will get quite
             | a bit further. Ultimately the military don't care about the
             | cost, have many refuelling options, and are relying on much
             | shorter range aircraft in other aspects of any conflict.
             | Plus unlike other areas of aviation, if you solve a range
             | problem with a bigger fuel tank, you don't get beaten to
             | death by the bean counters.
             | 
             | That's quite different from an airline, where a 20% saving
             | in their largest expense against a 3% margin in a price
             | competitive industry is game changing
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | Imagine if it's designed like this:
         | 
         | ----------------
         | 
         | and you're seated here
         | 
         | --------|-------
         | 
         | Uh pardon me, excuse, pardon me... to get out
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-08-19 23:01 UTC)