[HN Gopher] Poland's 'anti-vampire' graves
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       Poland's 'anti-vampire' graves
        
       Author : Vigier
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2023-08-17 02:24 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.atlasobscura.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.atlasobscura.com)
        
       | chc wrote:
       | This is also the origin of the "stake through the heart" trope.
       | The stake was originally meant as a way to hold a vampire in
       | place, just like these instruments.
        
       | rpastuszak wrote:
       | Ha, a few of my archeologist friends worked on this!
       | 
       | I remember one detail regarding the decapitated (17th century
       | IIRC) bodies they found: one would put a sickle between the head
       | and the rest of the body. Some of the local construction site
       | workers hired to help with digging were quite upset/scared by the
       | view.
       | 
       | Also, I think we can thank Austro-Hungarian civil servants and
       | bureaucracy for the amount of documentation we have on the
       | subject. Central Europe was much luckier in that regard than the
       | regions farther east.
       | 
       | Tangentially related: the WoD (World of Darkness, esp. Vampire:
       | the Masqureade) scene in Poland was relatively big in 2010s,
       | compared to the rest of Europe IIRC. I used to run one of the
       | biggest bi-weekly LARPs in the region, called Totentanz, with 25
       | regular bloodsuckers joining the game every Sunday.
       | 
       | Krakow, my hometown is an excellent setting for that: the
       | medieval city moved up by one floor, so we have a tonne of old
       | dungeons/cellars to dress up as vampires, plot against each
       | other, and pretend we like smoking clove cigarettes.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | I've never wanted to be in my 20s again so badly. That sounds
         | amazing!
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Krakow, my hometown is an excellent setting for that: the
         | medieval city moved up by one floor, so we have a tonne of old
         | dungeons/cellars
         | 
         | What does that mean? How did it come to be?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/the-fascinating-
           | subterr...
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | > archaeologists working on a 17th-century cemetery
       | 
       | Maybe it is just me, but 17th century seems way too recent to be
       | digging people up. I'm into family history and I know who a lot
       | of my ancestors were back to the 1500s and even into the 1400s.
       | There are surely people alive right now who could trace their
       | family lines back to some of the people being dug up.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > but 17th century seems way too recent to be digging people up
         | 
         | My SO recently visited her family tomb in France. It was gone.
         | Lease lapsed, no more tomb. Last person was buried there some
         | 40 years ago. Church didn't know who to contact to renew the
         | lease, good bye.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | That's crazy! What do they do with the bodies?
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | Ossuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossuary
             | 
             | I think this is fairly standard practice in much of Europe
             | where space is scarce. Moreso in larger towns and cities
             | than rural villages. It's also why family tombs are common
             | in the first place.
             | 
             | My grandpa's family, for example, has shared the same
             | cemetery plot since before ww1. That's how you fit a whole
             | village into one little tiny church cemetery.
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | You can go back much further in time than 1600s with corpses in
       | prehistory found buried with their hands and legs tied. We dont
       | know exactly why but the fear that the dead may rise may be a
       | thing.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | If you don't know the specifics about how corpses decay, it can
         | superficially give evidence that they can rise from the dead
         | and turn into monsters or feed on the living - spasms,
         | vocalizations from expelled gas, gums receding to look like
         | fangs (often dripping with blood,) hair and nails appearing to
         | grow (when really the skin is shrinking,) etc.
         | 
         | There are theories that a vampire panic in early New England
         | was attributable to misinterpreting the symptoms of
         | tuberculosis[0].
         | 
         | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_vampire_panic
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | Padlocks are also found in old Jewish cemetery graves in Poland
       | (p. 131):
       | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312873550_A_Habit_o...
        
       | RadixDLT wrote:
       | Bram Stoker Claimed That Parts of Dracula Were Real
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37144560
        
       | jayp1418 wrote:
       | That's why always go with cremation. No Vampire, no viruses
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | But also no body to rapture... actually... wouldn't said body
         | be stuck on the padlocks / decapitated when being raptured?
        
       | sacnoradhq wrote:
       | Anyone with taphophobia should've avoided dying in 17th c.
       | Poland.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > Taphophobia is an abnormal (psychopathological) phobia of
         | being buried alive as a result of being incorrectly pronounced
         | dead.
         | 
         | I mean I don't think they care per se if they're actually dead?
         | 
         | That said, there were things like bells on wires as well for
         | cases like that.
        
       | etamponi wrote:
       | Interesting that they use the word "post-medieval" instead of
       | "modern"... And they mention 17th century, well after the middle
       | ages ended.
       | 
       | In fact, such superstitious practices were almost non-existent
       | during middle ages: they're one of the natural consequences of
       | de-christianization, which happened at a faster pace after the
       | middle ages.
       | 
       | I know I need to assume good intentions, but "post-medieval"
       | seems just misplaced and an attempt to associate these practices
       | to the middle ages. I thought we were finally past the times in
       | which we demonized the middle ages. At least in Italy, several
       | historians are finally talking about how great and important that
       | time was.
       | 
       | Look for "Alessandro Barbero" on YouTube for more.
        
         | gpjanik wrote:
         | Completely incorrect, the practices were in general not very
         | present in middle-aged Poland compared to the Western Europe.
         | The reason for emerging anti-vampiric practices in the 17th and
         | the 18th centuries were epidemics and folktales from Balkans,
         | and it had nothing to do with de-christianisation which never
         | happened (Poland has been and is predominantly Christian with
         | rate of catholic church members being >90% even today).
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | Yup, I'd even say in medieval period Poland was less
           | christian than in 17th/18th century :)
           | 
           | In 1500s at one point majority of nobility went protestant,
           | and there was still a lot of orthodox nobles from Lithuania.
           | Peasants were orthodox or pagan in the east, catholic in the
           | west with some protestants, muslims and jews mixed in. In the
           | cities there was a lot of german immigrants who were
           | protestant or catholic depending on the city they immigrated
           | from. Whole towns and villages were created by importing
           | people from the west and giving them religious freedoms and
           | tax benefits for a few years.
           | 
           | By 1700s it was mostly gone, because the country kept
           | fighting muslims, orthodox and protestant countries. So kings
           | turned to catholicism and counter-reformation as uniting
           | factor. So religion got a lot of influence.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | > (Poland has been and is predominantly Christian with rate
           | of catholic church members being >90% even today).
           | 
           | Nowadays that's on paper mostly, especially that apostasy is
           | difficult and not really worth the trouble for most.
           | 
           | The pandemic especially revealed that many people were
           | attending only because everyone else was.
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | Why is it almost any time I see someone citing a YouTube source
         | they are wrong?
        
         | yard2010 wrote:
         | The middle ages sucked though. I hope we're not in some middle
         | ages today.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | If we are then wouldn't that imply better times are to come?
           | Sounds pretty nice actually.
        
           | redeeman wrote:
           | I sincerely hope we are
        
             | muzani wrote:
             | Better middle ages than late ages. Catastrophes always
             | happen after the late ages.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | > de-christianization, which happened at a faster pace after
         | the middle ages.
         | 
         | This doesn't really agree with my understanding of things. The
         | late medieval and early modern period was a time of
         | _increasing_ religious control due to the reformation and
         | counter-reformation.
         | 
         | This was a new kind of problem, since during most of the
         | medieval period the biggest threat was external in the form of
         | Islam during the crusades and reconquista, but you could send
         | armies to deal with that problem.
         | 
         | Heretics from within, like Jan Hus, John Wycliffe, and
         | eventually Luther and Calvin and later the protestants were
         | much harder to defeat with armies, since they'd crop up
         | anywhere and erode the power of the church from within. To hold
         | against the protestants, you needed to control what people
         | thought, paying lip service to the church wasn't enough
         | anymore. This is when you get the inquisition and so on.
         | 
         | A mirror image of things were happening along the protestants
         | since it was very important that everyone held the line when
         | the jesuits came a'knocking. There was also a fairly strong
         | impetus to enforce protestantism from the temporal powers-that-
         | be, since it was basically what allowed them to cut free from
         | the pope.
         | 
         | Closet papists among the population was as bad thing for a
         | protestant king as closet protestants were for a catholic pope
         | (or catholic king).
        
         | jeltz wrote:
         | I feel you are overstating your point. There was belief in
         | vampires in medieval Europe too. And the origin is likely from
         | pagan pre-Christian beliefs in Eastern or South Eastern Europe.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | The article mentions as much, the phrase 'vampire' is only
           | been in vogue in the past 100 or so years; the article
           | mentions upior, strzyga and strigoi. Which I learned about
           | thanks to the Witcher (the video games moreso than the books
           | / TV show); its lore feels new because it uses older and
           | lesser known in western Europe creatures.
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | They were common in middle ages. And there was a reason for the
         | superstition - rabies and other epidemics.
         | 
         | > the natural consequences of de-christianization
         | 
         | Poland in middle ages was less catholic than Poland in 17th
         | century. If anything it was over-chrisianized not de-
         | christianized in that period.
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | The article writes: "Apotropaic graves of this sort date back
         | to the Early Middle Ages and have also appeared in Slovakia,
         | Hungary, Austria, and Romania." So even the 17th-century
         | phenomenon is but a late attestation of a practice found
         | already in the medieval era.
         | 
         | It is curious that you claim that such practices could only be
         | a result of de-Christianization. In the Balkans, fears of
         | vampires, incubi, and succubi have always co-existed happily
         | with a Christianity that deeply permeated all levels of
         | society.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | The Christian practices here in the Balkans had (maybe still
           | have) a lot of Manichaeism involved in them which people
           | further West might not call that Christian to begin with.
           | 
           | It's a very peculiar type of Christianity, that's for sure,
           | and even the local high-placed Christian men are quite
           | hesitant to talk about it. Bogomilism is, of course, its most
           | famous form, but it has circulated in one form or other for
           | many hundreds of years, no matter the official repressions it
           | has faced (ever since the 10th century [1], maybe even
           | earlier).
           | 
           | Back to the article, the _strzyga_ and _strigoi_ which are
           | mentioned there are basically Romanian words, and Romanian
           | most probably took them from the Latin _strix_ [2]. In fact a
           | local species of owl is called _striga_.
           | 
           | And now back to the local Manichaeism present here, a grand-
           | father of a friend of mine (in fact, his corpse) was
           | unearthed at some point after his death (I think it was 7
           | years) and a spike was put through its (the body's) chest, so
           | that his spirit would stop wandering among the living.
           | Granted, that was happening in a Romanian region a little bit
           | on the more traditional side, you won't find that in
           | Bucharest or Cluj anymore. Also, up until very recently there
           | was a tradition at the church in my parents' village where
           | the most "wealthy" family in the village would have to bring
           | a black rooster on Easter inside the church, let it loose,
           | people would catch it and then give it to one of the poor
           | families, so that that poor family would cook it as an Easter
           | meal. Black roosters are, of course, not that Christian to
           | begin with.
           | 
           | As I said, lots and lots of Manichaeism beliefs around these
           | parts of the continent (in many, many folk tales the Devil is
           | on the same level as God), Middle Ages or not, it's quite
           | fascinating.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treatise_Again
           | st_...
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strix_(mythology)
           | 
           | [3] https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strig%C4%83
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kunley wrote:
       | There is a Polish writer Andrzej Pilipiuk and he introduced a
       | concept in his fantasy-parody historical-fiction books, that all
       | communists were actually vampires, and there was a squad
       | eliminating them since 1920s.
       | 
       | So maybe this is an indication, that communist movement started
       | already in the XVII century... and the smart village guys tried
       | to prevent it from spreading already at that time... huh
       | 
       | PS. It is a joke. (the idea, not the writer & the books).
        
       | HankB99 wrote:
       | I listen to their podcast. I'm just a little skeptical of the
       | information they publish ever since they relocated Hayward WI to
       | MN (episode on the lumberjack competition.) It was still
       | interesting and mostly true but I wondered how someone could
       | (purportedly) visit Hayward WI and think they were in Minnesota.
        
       | RadixDLT wrote:
       | it makes sense, poland is right next to romania
        
         | SapporoChris wrote:
         | Poland is not right next to Romania on any current maps that I
         | have found.
         | 
         | Poland is bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast,
         | Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech
         | Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
         | 
         | Romania does border Ukraine, however if you were to travel from
         | Ukraine to Romania the best route is actually through Slovakia
         | and Hungary.
        
           | trwired wrote:
           | Fun fact, you can see Romania from Poland on a good weather!
           | [1]
           | 
           | Also before the WWII, the Second Polish Republic shared a
           | border with the Kingdom of Romania. Before the partitions in
           | late 18th century, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth overlapped
           | with some territories making up modern day Romania and
           | Moldova and the Principality of Moldavia was a vassal of
           | Poland and PLC for a time.
           | 
           | This is to say it is reasonable to imply Poland's close
           | proximity with Romania, both in geographical and cultural
           | sense, even though the borders have shifted.
           | 
           | [1] - https://dalekieobserwacje.eu/rumunia-widziana-z-
           | tarnicy-most...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | f137 wrote:
           | Poland was right next to Romania up until 1939.
        
         | rpastuszak wrote:
         | I think you might want to give this a go:
         | https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/1927594591
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | Will humanity be digging up our graves in 400 years in the
       | interest of archaeology?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RNAlfons wrote:
       | Maybe we'll come back to those kind of practices.
       | 
       | Exorcisms have been booming in Poland for quite some time:
       | https://www.dw.com/en/why-exorcism-is-booming-in-poland/a-36...
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > Maybe we'll come back to those kind of practices
         | 
         | We already have to pay respects to the WHO God so religious
         | beliefs may come back in strength
        
         | pndy wrote:
         | Last time I read about exorcism in the media here was in the
         | end of 90s when people were crazy about end of the world due to
         | end of 20th century and approaching new millennium. Those were
         | times when such fringe things were all around us on a daily
         | basis, next to skinheads, sects and circles in the crop.
         | 
         | Exorcisms aren't blooming here nor are popular, or gained any
         | widespread attention in last years.
        
       | rcarr wrote:
       | If we take the metaphorical view of vampires as those that feast
       | on the blood of the young to extend their own lives then as a
       | planet (or at least in the West) we have never been more infested
       | - how many people are dying young, through overdose or suicidal
       | hopeless, or otherwise having their life force drained through
       | sky high rents and stagnant wages so that boomers can carry on
       | living the high life? How many young people killed themselves
       | during pandemic lockdowns, lockdowns that were in place mainly to
       | save boomer lives? There's also the related zombie concept - how
       | many dead, uncompetitive and mismanaged companies, banks and
       | pension funds are we keeping alive through government bailouts,
       | which are again, essentially draining the life force of the
       | living to feed the dead?
       | 
       | I also like "What We Do In The Shadows" (tv show version)
       | extension of the metaphor to the "energy vampire", which is
       | essentially a criticism of bloated bureaucracy which is another
       | one of the modern monsters draining the life out of us all.
       | 
       | I don't think these terms were ever meant to be taken literally
       | by those who created them but as platonic ideals to describe
       | personalities and systems, but the education level and lifestyles
       | of the time were so barbaric, primitive and rooted in physicality
       | that the majority struggled to comprehend them as such.
        
       | smcl wrote:
       | Before you scoff and dismiss this as silly, superstitious
       | nonsense, know this: there have been ZERO vampire incidents in
       | Poland since this practice was adopted.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | So now if they dig them up and essentially freed, there will be
         | vampire plague in Poland?
        
         | FirmwareBurner wrote:
         | _> there have been ZERO vampire incidents in Poland since this
         | practice was adopted_
         | 
         | How would you otherwise recognize a vampire incident it one
         | were to happen?
        
           | squeaky-clean wrote:
           | Classic methods such as blood sucking wounds on victims or
           | witness reports of hearing Toccata and Fugue in D minor
           | playing in the background suddenly.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | We didn't need to, we had official letters from the Vampire
           | Provisional Government that they're packing up and moving to
           | (what we today call) Romania.
           | 
           | (That's also historically the first recorded incident of
           | organizational rage-quit after losing the game to a cheese
           | strategy.)
        
             | FirmwareBurner wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > there have been ZERO vampire incidents in Poland since this
         | practice was adopted.
         | 
         | Have you considered a career with Homeland Security?
        
         | jychang wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | crossroadsguy wrote:
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu.
           | .. (I thought I'd keep the t word out of it to make the
           | search URL sound different)
           | 
           | As if HN is some sort of intellectual silver snowflake and
           | apparently better than Reddit. It's actually not. But I guess
           | it's not worse either. Isn't that nice?
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | Define 'better'.
             | 
             | The average HN discussion is more substantive and on-topic
             | than the average reddit thread, especially a default one.
        
               | crossroadsguy wrote:
               | No, it's not.
               | 
               | As for on-topic - HN starts talking about Kotlin and
               | Swift and pretty soon it's discussing relatively theory
               | and Madam Curie and what not on the same thread. And no,
               | that's not better and that's not on-topic unless HN tries
               | to define its own "on-topic" and it's own "better" and
               | then applies it to Reddit.
               | 
               | > Define 'better'
               | 
               | No, I won't. Because yours would ne different from mine.
        
           | sheepscreek wrote:
           | Last paragraph in HN guidelines:
           | 
           | > Please don't post comments saying that HN is turning into
           | Reddit. It's a semi-noob illusion, as old as the hills.
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | The rule stating it is an illusion doesn't make it untrue.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | There's a 16+ comment discussion on whether or not an
               | innocent, on-topic and factually correct comment is
               | appropriate. HN is not becoming Reddit, it's becoming
               | more HN than ever.
               | 
               | Personally I think it's a little suspicious that there
               | are HN users who appear to be attempting to discredit or
               | silence comments praising the efficacy of a proven anti-
               | vampire technology.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | :)
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | You're a good sport :)
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | > It's a semi-noob illusion
             | 
             | The evidence provided for this is example comments from 10+
             | years ago complaining that HN was becoming Reddit way back
             | then.
             | 
             | However, Reddit 10+ years ago was very different from
             | Reddit today. It is arguably(?) much worse today.
             | 
             | HN may be turning into Reddit continuously, it's just that
             | Reddit keeps moving the goal posts.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | 1) You're making a category error; comparing HN to Reddit
           | makes as much sense as comparing a scalar to a vector.
           | 
           | 2) People have been saying this since approximately day one
           | of HN; it's this site's equivalent to social decay / "kids
           | these days", which is a sentiment that dates back to
           | antiquity.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | No humor allowed, let's instead talk about how to use Rust
           | (the language) to prevent the newly interred to rise again.
        
           | mikrl wrote:
           | Hey! Here that's called 'enshittening'
        
           | snoth wrote:
           | Yes, and it's getting worse.
        
           | fodkodrasz wrote:
           | Every website has become reddit since the recent reddit
           | controversies. Hell, even 4chan is flooded by reddit style
           | comments...
           | 
           | I'm rooting for the fediverse, hopefully it (and youtube) can
           | contain the effect.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | the_only_law wrote:
             | > and youtube
             | 
             | Yea, because YouTube comments are famously a bastion of
             | intelligent, relevant discussion.
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | If this is not a satirical comment, can I ask you to justify
           | this position? What is disturbed by having a bit of humor
           | alongside our intellectual curiosity? I could have missed it,
           | but don't see anything discouraging humor (referential or
           | otherwise) in the HN guidelines[1] or FAQ[2] with regard to
           | commentary.
           | 
           | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
           | 
           | [2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html
        
             | callahad wrote:
             | Nothing wrong with humor, but on a completely personal
             | level, it _does_ frustrate me when the top comment is
             | entirely superficial, since it adds nothing to the
             | conversation. And subjectively, it feels like there 's been
             | an uptick in joke / meme / information-free comments _and
             | their ranking_ in the wake of recent Twitter and Reddit
             | turmoil.
             | 
             | But hey, I've been here for 15 years, and forum cultures
             | change over time. I wouldn't overindex on my feelings.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | What's ironic is the tangential threads complaining about
               | humor on HN throw far more noise and entropy into these
               | threads than the jokes themselves. People could have just
               | ignored it, or downvoted it and moved on, but no, someone
               | made a joke and now we need to stop the car and have
               | _discourse_ about how HN is turning into Reddit. Knuckles
               | must be rapped. Fingers wagged and pearls clutched.
               | Again.
        
             | WeylandYutani wrote:
             | It disturbs people's autism apparently.
        
             | johnnyworker wrote:
             | The keyword is "alongside intellectual curiosity". If you
             | can make a point in a funny manner, do it. But if just
             | making jokes becomes accepted, jokes drown out everything
             | else, simply because they are infinite. Like all those
             | gaming subreddits that consist 99% of "funny thing that
             | just happened" or "this reference to a thing that occurs in
             | the game, which you can recognize as occurring in the game
             | to confirm that you have, indeed, played that game". You
             | can call that socializing but to me it's just turning
             | everything into everything/nothing forums. If HN becomes
             | soft on that, we need a new HN.
        
           | vlunkr wrote:
           | I'd rather read a joke than a debate about whether jokes are
           | acceptable.
        
         | jjkaczor wrote:
         | Heh... Logic!
         | 
         | Well - now they no longer need to hide themselves away, they
         | are hiding-in-plain sight...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion
        
         | veave wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSVqLHghLpw
        
       | gowld wrote:
       | Be careful about interpreting artifacts:
       | 
       | https://onlinecampus.fcps.edu/media2/Social_Studies/WHGII_20...
       | 
       | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Literature/MotelOfThe...
        
       | ragazzina wrote:
       | If anyone is interested in the subject I can suggest "Vampires,
       | burial and death" by Paul Barber. It's repetitive but good. In
       | fact I have discovered this book on HN.
        
         | at_a_remove wrote:
         | It is on its second edition, I believe.
        
       | TheAlchemist wrote:
       | They mention the coin placed in mouths - but as far as I know,
       | this has nothing to do with protection against vampires. It's to
       | pay Charon to cross the river :)
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charon%27s_obol
        
         | etiam wrote:
         | Not that I know the details of medieval vampire lore, but
         | doesn't it sort of follow that if the deceased has crossed to
         | far side of Styx they'd be much less eligible for
         | walking/flying/crawling/whatever around as one of the restless
         | dead?
         | 
         | It seems like the practice could well share inheritance with
         | ancient Greece, but I'd be surprised if the motivating
         | mythology would be quite the same. Wonder what the story was in
         | ancient Poland..
        
           | smcl wrote:
           | You probably want to cover your bases, IMO. If they're a
           | vampire, ok no worries we have the little sickle over their
           | neck. If they're not - a couple of zloty to help them on
           | their journey in the afterlife.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | It's like anticonception; more measures means a lower
             | chance of the undead running amok. I mean they're already
             | consecrated and buried, it won't hurt to also add padlocks,
             | stakes, coins, sickles, and (another thing I haven't seen
             | in the article) a cage around the grave.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _a cage around the grave_
               | 
               | I suspect this one may have more to do with countering
               | _external_ threats.
        
           | Timon3 wrote:
           | As far as I'm aware, the common understanding is that a
           | vampire doesn't have a soul anymore, they are undead. This is
           | why they supposedly can't see themselves in mirrors.
           | 
           | https://scifi.stackexchange.com/a/38468
           | 
           | This would imply that helping the soul cross the river
           | doesn't prevent "vampirification".
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | Another common thought for how the not-seeing-in-mirrors
             | thing came about is that silver was seen as something that
             | harmed or warded off evil, hence its use against werewolf
             | and such in many myths. Way-back-when, the reflective
             | backing of mirrors, at least those owned by the rich or
             | well-to-do, was often achieved with a thin coat of silver.
             | Of course that doesn't explain other evil creatures having
             | a reflection in the same mirrors, but as the various
             | mythologies have different mixed sources we can't expect an
             | awful lot of consistency.
        
             | cultofmetatron wrote:
             | I heard its due to the silver. vampires are weak to silver
             | and silver was used in both in the reflective backing of
             | old mirrors and photographic emulsion.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Bear in mind that prior to Bram Stoker and Universal
               | Studios basically codifying the modern vampire archetype,
               | what "vampires" were (vaguely, any demonic or malevolent
               | spirit that drank blood) and how they behaved was a
               | matter of folklore and might differ greatly from place to
               | place. All of these beliefs and more were probably true
               | at the same time.
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | Addressing a vampire as "they" may be in fact dangerous,
             | for most of the vampires are from the pre-internet age.
        
               | cududa wrote:
               | I just want you to know, you're not getting downvoted by
               | the "woke mob", you're getting down voted for making an
               | idiotic joke and insisting on making some random
               | conversation on history about "woke politics".
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | What's the use of karma points if not spending them to
               | make fun of the dogma? Those points don't buy bread, and
               | you can't even put them on your resume.
        
               | cududa wrote:
               | I feel bad for you.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | We can discuss your feelings, if you want.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | What are you trying to say here? Can you elaborate? As
               | far as I'm aware English predates the internet.
        
               | alexeldeib wrote:
               | I think it's alluding to "they" being non binary/woke to
               | refer to a single person
        
               | r2_pilot wrote:
               | Using "they" to denote genderless singular has been
               | common in English for more than a century.
        
               | alexeldeib wrote:
               | I'm not agreeing or disagreeing, just answering the
               | question as I saw it :)
        
               | chc wrote:
               | The singular "they" is in fact about as old as the
               | singular "you" (which was also strictly a plural before
               | then).
        
               | eigenket wrote:
               | Some vampires may even be as old as the 14th century,
               | which is when people first started using "they" as a
               | gender neutral third person pronoun.
               | 
               | Some 18th century people didn't like it because they
               | thought it was too colloquial but its been a part of
               | English for a fairly long time, roughly 10 times as long
               | as the "Internet age".
        
         | seabass-labrax wrote:
         | If you haven't already, listen to Chris de Burgh's sublime _Don
         | 't Pay the Ferryman_: 3 minutes and 44 seconds of sublime high-
         | octane pop-rock music which conjures up images of this very
         | nugget of folklore.
        
           | at_a_remove wrote:
           | To bring it full circle, that low-spoken bit from The
           | Tempest? Some of that is Anthony Head, of Buffy the Vampire
           | Slayer.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachzehrer
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | Charon didn't get as far north, his jurisdiction was mostly in
         | the Mediterranean
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | It seems that this practice didn't spread to Slavic Europe,
         | with the possible exception of Ukraine around the Black Sea.
         | This region had been under Greek/Byzantine influences for
         | millennia. Also, back then this area was partly Turkish, for
         | example Crimea was controlled by the Crimean Khanate. The wild
         | steppes of Zaporizhia separated it from "proper Slavic
         | civilization". Ironically this is exactly where the current
         | ruso-ukrainian frontline is.
        
           | TheAlchemist wrote:
           | Not sure if it was really practiced, but I definitely heard
           | about it when I was a kid (in Poland).
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | > Ironically this is exactly where the current ruso-ukrainian
           | frontline is.
           | 
           | I think it's quite common to see front lines and new borders
           | form around ethnic or cultural borders, instead of existing /
           | established country borders. Or that there's clear cultural
           | differences on old borders, like for example where the Roman
           | empire's borders were, or the borders between England, Wales
           | and Scotland in the UK.
        
             | eigenket wrote:
             | Wallsend (where Hadrian's Wall stopped) is about 100km
             | South-East of Berwick-upon-Tweed where the border between
             | England and Scotland has been for a long time.
             | 
             | There has been a lot of history since the days Roman
             | empire.
        
       | kstrauser wrote:
       | I'm thinking about this in the context of marking nuclear waste
       | dumps. We want to leave a message saying "this is dangerous; stay
       | far away!" to last 10,000 years. Meanwhile, the ghosts of our
       | ancestors from just 400 years ago are screaming "do you think we
       | did that for giggles?!"
       | 
       | It makes me appreciate how hard it'd be to craft messaging that
       | can survive hundreds of generations without merely piquing the
       | interest of that day's archaeologists.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/ten-thousand-years/
         | 
         | > Bastide and Fabbri came to the conclusion that the most
         | durable thing that humanity has ever made is culture: religion,
         | folklore, belief systems. They may morph over time, but an
         | essential message can get pulled through over millennia. They
         | proposed that we genetically engineer a species of cat that
         | changes color in the presence of radiation, which would be
         | released into the wild to serve as living Geiger counters.
         | Then, we would create folklore and write songs and tell stories
         | about these "ray cats," the moral being that when you see these
         | cats change colors, run far, far away.
         | 
         |  _10,000 - Year Earworm to Discourage Settlement Near Nuclear
         | Waste Repositories (Don 't Change Color, Kitty):_
         | 
         | http://emperorx.bandcamp.com/album/10000-year-earworm-to-dis...
        
           | ramblenode wrote:
           | > They proposed that we genetically engineer a species of cat
           | that changes color in the presence of radiation, which would
           | be released into the wild to serve as living Geiger counters.
           | 
           | This would seem to fail as a long-term plan due to genetic
           | drift and natural selection.
           | 
           | Presumably, there is no reproductive advantage to the cat in
           | expressing fur color that indicates radiation. In the absence
           | of selective pressure, the phenotype will gradually disappear
           | as the radiation expressing cats mix with non-expressing
           | cats. Since humans won't be actively maintaining the
           | phenotype in the population against genetic drift (the
           | opposite, in fact, since they avoid the cats) then over
           | hundreds or thousands of years there will be no indicator cat
           | phenotype.
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | Not arguing against your point, just clarifying: the idea
             | is that you'd _want_ to have a ray cat around. When your
             | ray cat changes color, you'd leave the area and take it
             | with you.
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | Catchy little horror story!
        
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