[HN Gopher] Energy Jobs Have Increased in Nearly Every County in...
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       Energy Jobs Have Increased in Nearly Every County in America
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2023-08-16 11:24 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.energy.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.energy.gov)
        
       | Nifty3929 wrote:
       | Creating jobs is easy: Spend a lot of money and/or make it more
       | effortful to produce things. In either case, workers will be
       | doing more of one thing and less of another.
       | 
       | In this case, more workers are spending more time in "Energy,"
       | but this comes at the cost of all the other things those workers
       | might be doing instead. This may or may not be a net-win, but
       | unless we account for the reduced production in other areas, we
       | will delude ourselves about the benefits of these energy jobs.
       | 
       | We will be motivated to keep "creating jobs" simply by shifting
       | workers from one task to another, and then another, regardless of
       | whether those new tasks are actually more valuable to society
       | than the ones they had been doing. We will put in place rules
       | that make production more effortful, because this creates jobs in
       | that field, despite the fact that we will have less overall
       | stuff.
        
         | hcurtiss wrote:
         | Precisely. Enter Bastiat.
        
         | whats_a_quasar wrote:
         | I don't think that's how labor markets function in the U.S. at
         | the moment, and I think it's an odd critique to make of green
         | energy projects in particular.
         | 
         | Not all labor creates the same amount of wealth, and there
         | isn't a fixed demand for skilled labor. Lots of energy
         | construction projects increases the demand for skilled labor,
         | which pulls people out of unskilled labor or service jobs.
         | Greater labor demand in general means everyone wins - companies
         | have projects that they're getting built, workers have
         | negotiating power and wage growth, and wealth is being created
         | in the form of energy infrastructure.
        
           | Nifty3929 wrote:
           | I did not intend to critique energy jobs or projects in
           | particular - I meant to highlight that shuffling people from
           | one task to another is not (necessarily) productive overall,
           | but it's easy to delude ourselves. We see the increased
           | productivity concentrated in one area/industry, but don't see
           | the decreased productivity diffused throughout the rest of
           | the economy.
           | 
           | This may still be a net win, but you have to consider both
           | sides.
           | 
           | As far as moving people from less-skilled to more-skilled
           | jobs - the real question is which one is _more valuable_ for
           | society. There might be plenty of low-skill jobs that are
           | valuable, and high-skill ones that aren 't. Also, we have to
           | be careful about what we consider "skill." Would you say
           | waiting tables is low-skill? A waiter may beg to differ...
           | What are these "low-skill" jobs that people are giving up in
           | order to move into which "high-skill" jobs in energy? Or is
           | it just about whether someone has to wear a blouse or button-
           | up shirt and slacks and go to an office?
           | 
           | The important thing is that people should move from lower-
           | _value_ jobs to higher- _value_ ones. But people do not get a
           | direct signal of value, only of pay. So we can pay people
           | more to do a job, and they will do it. But that does not mean
           | it is more valuable overall.
        
       | justrealist wrote:
       | Coupling energy production success to job creation is a mistake,
       | and the DOE is taking political wins at the cost of long-term
       | energy abundance. Labor inherently puts a floor on the price of
       | energy, no matter how cheap or clean the technology is!
       | 
       | "Cheap, clean energy" IS the consumer benefit, not the
       | bureaucracy and make-work.
       | 
       | We should aim for a world where near-infinite energy production
       | is produced by one guy in DC with a button that says "PRODUCE
       | MORE".
        
         | Bostonian wrote:
         | Exactly -- producing the same amount of energy with more people
         | is a _bad_ thing.
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | That is not strictly correct, especially in comparison with
           | fossil fuel energy where production is highly concentrated.
           | Automating things in a refinery is a lot easier than building
           | robot steeplejacks to maintain 10,000 windmills.
           | 
           | Secondly, renewables capex, which is rapidly growing, creates
           | lots of jobs, and will do so until production levels satisfy
           | demand.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | We're producing more energy, not the same amount: https://www
           | .eia.gov/totalenergy/data/browser/#/?f=A&start=19...
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | You're splitting hairs.
             | 
             | The real metric would be man hours per GWh generated or
             | similar. That metric is moving in the wrong direction as we
             | move to distributed, intermittent generation.
             | 
             | Make work is not progress, it's a tax.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | I do think that would be an interesting metric, but it
               | sounds pretty difficult to calculate and I haven't found
               | any related research. I disagree that distributed
               | generation is the wrong direction, I think it's extremely
               | valuable and worth extra labor if it's more resistant to
               | supply chain issues and less carbon intensive than
               | whatever it's replacing.
        
               | midasuni wrote:
               | Not really because you're completely ignoring the
               | externalities with that metric.
               | 
               | But if you did include the entire supply chain, how many
               | many man hours went into securing oil supply with the
               | invasion of Iraq? Not just the armed forces, but the man
               | hours of production for the materiel.
        
             | gertlex wrote:
             | You're misinterpreting the comment, almost certainly. The
             | claim is more specifically: "Per given amount of energy
             | generation, renewables are requiring employing more people,
             | likely causing higher energy costs than other methods
             | might"
             | 
             | I'm just observing here. Obviously, there's tradeoffs to
             | consider. I don't personally have a stance that this is a
             | problem or that there's currently a better way to make our
             | energy production green.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | > Per given amount of energy generation, renewables are
               | requiring employing more people,
               | 
               | I don't really see that claimed backed by sources.
               | 
               | But short-term, yes probably, it'll take a lot of work
               | install renewable energy sources everywhere. But once
               | installed, maintenance will probably require fewer human
               | hours. And certainly fewer human hours spent extracting
               | raw materials (oil, gas, coal).
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | 23B1 wrote:
       | "Bidenomics is working, and the clean energy transformation is
       | creating good jobs in every pocket of America"
       | 
       | This is propaganda, not news.
        
         | comte7092 wrote:
         | It's literally a press release from the Biden administration,
         | not a news outlet. I'm not sure what you are mad about.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | It's a press release from the government based on a recent
         | analysis, I don't think it was trying to be news...
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | It is definitely propaganda.
        
       | kitanata wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > These findings illustrate how Bidenomics is working, and
       | President Biden's Investing in America agenda is ensuring all
       | communities have access to affordable, reliable, clean
       | electricity, helping deliver on the President's ambitious clean
       | energy and climate goals
       | 
       | Gosh, I wish press releases like this weren't blatantly playing
       | politics.
       | 
       | When we keep politics out of press releases like this, it helps
       | bring people onboard who otherwise may get stuck because the
       | person in an elected office isn't the person they voted for.
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | People don't often come onboard for the people they voted
         | against. The people who issued that press release are well
         | aware that they're not going to convince anybody who opposes
         | the incumbent.
         | 
         | It's about the opposite: reassuring his constituency that they
         | _are_ getting something. They need something that sits in their
         | mind when they ask the question  "What has this guy done for me
         | lately?"
         | 
         | It would be great if they could do it in a less blunt fashion;
         | this is rather on-the-nose. But even a better press release
         | isn't going to suddenly convince the President's opponents that
         | they were wrong about him all along. The best he can hope for
         | is to nudge them towards having higher priorities on election
         | day than voting.
         | 
         | It would also be great if I didn't have to talk about politics
         | in this abstract fashion. But in the end a politician cannot
         | accomplish the goals that they believe to be important if they
         | don't win. I'd love it if the voters simply looked at their own
         | priorities and chose the candidate who fit them, but rhetoric
         | has been understood to be more important than policy since
         | before Aristotle.
        
       | bhewes wrote:
       | I am part of a two new energy companies in OKC Larkspur Minerals
       | and Operating -https://www.larkspurminerals.com/. We take over
       | old fields and increase production (marginal wells) we also work
       | with renewable energy either through helping companies acquire
       | land and or operating. Given our size the deals sizes are about
       | the same though from a cash flowing prospective Oil and Gas is
       | still king.
       | 
       | A fun stat is Oklahoma renewable electric production is at 47% in
       | 2022 up from 10% in 2011. Now 90% of that is wind power, but we
       | are expanding into utility scale solar. And the country folk are
       | self installing solar panels with cost $.50-$.75 per watt.
        
       | gabereiser wrote:
       | A day ago, there were people in Montana up in arms over the
       | supreme court in Montana siding with climate activists. "Leftist-
       | liberal agenda being shoved down our throats" I remember reading.
       | "We need an above-the-line energy policy, we're going the wrong
       | direction, we need to reverse course". Yet, the energy sector is
       | growing. Solar / Renewables, growing. Demand for it, growing. The
       | US's ability to generate it, growing. As are many other nations
       | around the world who are realizing their energy needs are beamed
       | to them every day, if only they would capture it.
       | 
       | I'm sensationalizing a non-trivial task at the macro level but
       | this is good news. The more we move away from burning things for
       | energy, the better. Those same people, 10 years from now, when
       | they can breathe without Benadryl, will probably take the credit
       | for it. "See what having a robust homeland energy policy does?"
       | :/
        
         | thrwayaistartup wrote:
         | Montana has a massive amount of coal reserves, several
         | productive oil fields, and a lot of refining capacity. If you
         | close the oil refineries and leave coal in the ground, a lot of
         | communities in Montana are going to become ghost towns. The
         | lives of the children of people in those towns is going to suck
         | -- poverty, drugs, and an early death if you can't get out.
         | 
         | The fact that those jobs are offset by growth in solar and
         | energy jobs doesn't help without a centralized wealth transfer,
         | which ain't gonna happen.
         | 
         | The problem with US political-economics right now is that the
         | future of the country depends on making a series of "society
         | wins, some regions win, some regions lose (win-win-lose)"
         | decisions. Because the societal win is net, it _could_ be made
         | into a very attractive win-win-win situation. But everyone
         | knows from the last half century of globalization that taking
         | win-win-lose and turning it into win-win-win is a false promise
         | that won 't pan out.
        
           | babypuncher wrote:
           | The thing is, if these people are going to act completely
           | unreasonable, and completely unwilling to learn new trades,
           | they aren't going to get a lot of sympathy from the rest of
           | us when they go around screaming nonsense and filling their
           | kids heads with outright lies. As others have pointed out,
           | most of the coal jobs are already gone, these communities are
           | already fucked, and protesting clean energy will do nothing
           | to un-fuck them.
           | 
           | I fully support jobs programs, training programs, welfare
           | programs, and a whole host of other "liberal" things that
           | would help these communities transition away from being
           | dependent on fossil fuels, but they just get super pissy and
           | throw all of that back in our faces.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > Montana has a massive amount of coal reserves, several
           | productive oil fields, and a lot of refining capacity.
           | 
           | And also "Montana has so much renewable energy potential,
           | it's incredible" (1)
           | 
           | > If you close the oil refineries and leave coal in the
           | ground, a lot of communities in Montana are going to become
           | ghost towns.
           | 
           | Unless they find something else to do for money. See point
           | above.
           | 
           | 1) https://flatheadbeacon.com/2023/06/17/expert-cites-
           | montanas-...
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Agree with a lot of your points (most especially "a bullshit
           | promise that won't pan out"), but recent legislation does
           | attempt to mitigate the losses the communities you mention
           | will face as coal is rapidly phased out. Folks in the
           | industries we're transitioning from should not be left out in
           | the economic cold.
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/energyinnovation/2022/08/24/inf.
           | .. (Inflation Reduction Act Benefits: Billions In Just
           | Transition Funding For Coal Communities)
           | 
           | https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-
           | jobs/WCMS_824102/lan...
        
             | coding123 wrote:
             | This is hand-waving a real concern away. It's why people on
             | the right are so mad right now.
             | 
             | Did we hand-wave the homelessness issue away in CA? Seems
             | like there's an awful lot of hand-waving we did in the past
             | 15 years growing the tech sector that left a shit-ton of
             | people behind. I know a bunch of people are going to hand-
             | wave this comment away too. The downvotes generated on
             | hacker news will not translate at the voting booth.
        
               | PM_me_your_math wrote:
               | This is a curious take considering there isn't a person
               | on earth who can force another person to learn, use, and
               | sharpen the technical skills required to work in tech
               | sectors. Are you saying that the success of one group
               | through innovation shouldn't occur because another group
               | refuses or is incapable of learning the skills required
               | for the aforementioned?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sanp wrote:
               | It's the folks on the right who prevent any action more
               | than hand-waving.
               | 
               | I think we have to realize that for folks on the right it
               | is a matter of Identity and not Policy. At this point
               | their opinion or concerns should be just ignored because
               | - 1) Addressing them will not get their votes (as it is a
               | matter of Identity for them. A positive Policy for them
               | will not impact their decision who to vote for) 2)
               | Addressing their concerns just delays the inevitable (the
               | inevitable could be either a significant move to
               | renewables or climate disaster)
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | It's a real concern, but it is the best that is going to
               | be provided. 2 million voters over the age of 55 die
               | every year, 4 million voters turn 18. Conservatives can
               | vote all they want, the electorate turnover and outcome
               | is a combination of inertia (inflation reduction act has
               | stoked an enormous amount of renewables manufacturing
               | capacity coming online) and demographic destiny. Fossil
               | fuels will die due to economics, it is just a matter of
               | time horizon.
               | 
               | I want to stress that I _strongly_ support a just
               | transition (policy should express compassion and empathy
               | at scale), and if people can 't be found other jobs,
               | retiring them out early to bridge the gap to other social
               | safety nets (medicare, social security, etc), but there
               | is no path to success for conservative ideology on the
               | issue of leaving fossil fuels behind (either through
               | votes or economics).
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37052550 (citations)
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Demographic destiny is the Lucy pulling the football away
               | from liberals' Charlie Brown. In the first few elections
               | after Joe Biden took office in the 1970s, Democrats won
               | the Congressional popular vote by 6-17 percentage points.
               | Their margin was only 3 percentage points in 2020, and
               | they lost by 3 percentage points last year. Liberalism is
               | weaker than it has been in half a century.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Additional citations:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37152682 ("The
               | renewable energy revolution is happening faster than you
               | think.")
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37152803 ("The US
               | climate law is fueling a factory frenzy. Here's the
               | latest tally.")
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > but there is no path to success for conservative
               | ideology on this issue (either through votes or
               | economics).
               | 
               | This is perhaps why there has been a big motivation for
               | conservative politicians to use (or look the other way
               | from) anti-democratic means to maintain power.
               | 
               | Even more than the claimed small-government ideology,
               | there is such an incredibly strong allegiance with the
               | fossil fuel extraction industries [1] that artificially
               | propping those industries is worth the subversion of
               | democracy. There are models of this elsewhere in the
               | world, after all.
               | 
               | 1. Liberals once had that too, but lost the fossil fuel
               | geography after the 60s. Manchin is the last of his kind.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | "Maybe you do not care much about the future of the
               | Republican Party. You should. Conservatives will always
               | be with us. If conservatives become convinced that they
               | can not win democratically, they will not abandon
               | conservatism. The will reject democracy." -- David Frum
               | 
               | Liberals ("neolibs") fucked up bad by taking the working
               | class for granted and letting globalization erode them
               | [1] [2] [3], very similar to what is happening with
               | conservative fossil fuel electorate today. Maybe things
               | have gotten bad enough for that cohort to be catered to
               | again [4], maybe things need to get worse first.
               | 
               | [1] https://kof.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/kof-
               | bulletin/kof-bull...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.npr.org/2017/07/05/535626109/the-end-of-
               | loyalty-...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
               | way/2015/12/09/459087477...
               | 
               | [4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCyZHB7NdPE
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | > Liberals ("neolibs") fucked up bad by taking the
               | working class for granted and letting globalization erode
               | them
               | 
               | I can't help but take note of the dichotomy that exists
               | in current US politics. The implication seems to be that
               | Liberals took on a policy stance that was electorally
               | unfavorable and could jeopardize their ability to win
               | elections. And yet:
               | 
               | "Maybe you do not care much about the future of the
               | Democratic Party. You should. Liberals will always be
               | with us. If liberals become convinced that they can not
               | win democratically, they will not abandon liberalism. The
               | will reject democracy." -- nobody
        
               | danans wrote:
               | I get what Frum is saying, but he is getting quite a bit
               | of mileage by overly conflating "conservative" and
               | "Republican". I think the people he is referring to are
               | the Conservative Nationalists, who have struck a tacit
               | deal with the fossil fuel extraction industries (someone
               | let me know if there is a pro-renewables Conservative
               | Nationalist of any significance out there).
               | 
               | From a small-c conservative point of view, renewables
               | make imminent sense because of the low cost and the fact
               | that they literally conserve resources. This fits very
               | much with the conservative tendency to save and not spend
               | frivolously.
               | 
               | Observing this contradiction really demonstrates to me
               | how much big-C Conservatism in the US is really more
               | about institutionally prolonging and cementing the long
               | term viability of fossil fuels. Everything else seems in
               | service to that goal.
        
               | yamazakiwi wrote:
               | There are tons of working class liberals. I'm tired of
               | people implying working class people are all
               | conservatives. These people are always framing arguments
               | equating the working class to everyone with staunch
               | conservative political views.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > There are tons of working class liberals
               | 
               | You are correct, but with the rise of nationalism as an
               | appealing ideology, there are fewer _white working class
               | liberals_ (AKA blue collar) than there were in the past.
               | These people were decisive in the 2016 election, and were
               | a big reason that swing states had close elections in
               | 2020.
               | 
               | Many of them have abandoned universalist progressive
               | economic ideas because of the loss of economic security
               | they experienced with globalization.
               | 
               | Also, unlike the capitalist and professional classes, the
               | nationalists are often OK with strong safety nets, as
               | long as these benefits are limited to their tribe. They
               | are really neither conservative or liberal. There are
               | other political dimensions involved.
        
               | yamazakiwi wrote:
               | > there are fewer white working class liberals (AKA blue
               | collar) than there were in the past.
               | 
               | This could be because of increased migration into the US
               | and a billion other reasons that have nothing to do with
               | nationalism.
               | 
               | >Also, unlike the capitalist and professional classes,
               | the nationalists are often OK with strong safety nets, as
               | long as these benefits are limited to their tribe. They
               | are really neither conservative or liberal. There are
               | other political dimensions involved.
               | 
               | Agreed
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > This could be because of increased migration into the
               | US and a billion other reasons that have nothing to do
               | with nationalism.
               | 
               | As voting numbers go, migration only comes into play if
               | you interpret "fewer white working class liberals"
               | proportionally, but I meant it in an absolute sense: that
               | blue collar white Americans have shifted Conservative
               | independently.
               | 
               | There is pretty good evidence of the nexus of race and
               | occupational class in recent voting patterns [1][2]. This
               | coupled with the fact that this population overwhelmingly
               | supported economically liberal candidates in the past
               | indicates a major shift, balanced partly in the other
               | direction by the shift of the white professional class
               | toward liberal voting tendencies.
               | 
               | If the argument is that migration into the US (which is
               | mostly non-white [3]) is encouraging the white working
               | class less liberal, then that is pretty well describing
               | nationalism.
               | 
               | 1.
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-28/how-
               | occup...
               | 
               | 2. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2018/08/09/an-
               | examinati...
               | 
               | 3. https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/20/facts-
               | on-u-s...
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Conservatism has always been opposed to democracy from
               | the moment "conservative" and "liberal" as political
               | labels were created.
               | 
               | At most, they might abandon pretending to support it as
               | cover while working to chip away at the edges when that
               | pretense stops working for them, but that's not a loss
               | for democracy.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | > Conservatism has always been opposed to democracy
               | 
               | Conservatism distilled to its essence can probably be
               | summarized as Chesterton's fence: to not make rash moves
               | changing the status quo without fully understanding both
               | the reason the status quo is the way it is, and the nth-
               | degree aftereffects of the change.
               | 
               | So I grant you, in the beginning of democracy, almost by
               | definition conservatism was against it, when the status
               | quo was a feudal monarchy or whatever; but there's been a
               | few hundred intervening years, and I don't think it's
               | fair to make the argument that "conservatism" is still,
               | and will always be, opposed to "democracy".
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Conservatism distilled to its essence can probably be
               | summarized as Chesterton's fence: to not make rash moves
               | changing the status quo without fully understanding both
               | the reason the status quo is the way it is, and the nth-
               | degree aftereffects of the change.
               | 
               | That's not the _political ideology_ called conservatism,
               | though its how "conservatism" is used in other contexts
               | (and it would be a fair use in a political context when
               | discussing _praxis_ [how you acheive the goals of your
               | ideology] rather than _ideology_ [the ends at which your
               | praxis is directed], though "incrementalism" is more
               | common there to avoid collision with the ideological
               | label.)
               | 
               | Conservative ideology is often advocating for change, and
               | often (when the status quo is farther from the goals of
               | conservative ideology) more rapid and radical breaks from
               | the established status quo than opposing ideologies,
               | whereas the incrementalist praxis you describe can be
               | found in ideologies that are very far from conservatism.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | > Conservative ideology is often advocating for change
               | 
               | > the incrementalist praxis you describe can be found in
               | ideologies that are very far from conservatism
               | 
               | If your argument is that conservative politics in
               | practice aren't very conservative (in the incrementalist
               | fashion, as you describe), then I'm not sure if any
               | political ideology is really self-consistent in that way.
               | As an example, some majority-progressive (perhaps
               | "radicalist", as an opposite of "incrementalist"?)
               | municipalities around the country behave in a
               | frustratingly incrementalist manner when it comes to land
               | use changes, such that high rents and increasing
               | homelessness result due to the supply of housing not
               | being able to keep up with demand.
               | 
               | This country being dominated by two parties -- which is a
               | mathematical inevitability given a first-past-the-post
               | voting system -- we necessarily end up with one big-tent
               | "conservative" party and one big-tent "progressive"
               | party, for many senses of those words. And because those
               | tents are so big, there are people with many conflicting
               | ideas under them. So it stands to reason that the
               | conservative party does some non-conservative things, or
               | things in a non-conservative manner, and vice versa for
               | the progressive party.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > f your argument is that conservative politics in
               | practice aren't very conservative (in the incrementalist
               | fashion, as you describe), then I'm not sure if any
               | political ideology is really self-consistent in that way.
               | 
               | No, it has nothing to do with self-consistency.
               | "Conservative" as an ideological label refers to
               | something other than than incrementalism, though in
               | contexts other than ideology, it can refer to that. It is
               | simply words having different meanings in different
               | contexts.
               | 
               | Conservative ideology and incrementalist praxis have
               | nothing to do with each other, though they can be
               | mistaken for each other when the status quo is near the
               | goals of ideological conservatism. (In the US, that
               | apparent overlap with incrementalist praxis is currently
               | more common with neoliberal ideology today than
               | conservative ideology--it can be hard to tell an
               | incrementalist who doesn't seek neoliberal ends from a
               | neoliberal of any praxis, because the status quo is
               | mostly neoliberal.)
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > I don't think it's fair to make the argument that
               | "conservatism" is still, and will always be, opposed to
               | "democracy".
               | 
               | I think they are talking about Conservatism in the US
               | specifically, not in general. In the US, Conservatism has
               | been quite active in limiting the voting power of several
               | demographics [1][2], a distinctly anti democratic pattern
               | of behavior. It's a unique situation reflecting our own
               | troubled racial history and the large ideological gulf
               | between the older and younger generations.
               | 
               | I wouldn't call that anti-democratic conduct small-c
               | conservative at all, but it's very big-C Conservative in
               | the US.
               | 
               | 1. https://apnews.com/article/alabama-redistricting-
               | voting-righ...
               | 
               | 2.
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/04/20/cleta-
               | mitch...
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | I wish I had the time to delve a bit deeper into those
               | case of voting restrictions, because they're both more
               | interesting than the surface level reported by the media
               | (which is approximately that "GOP only wants landowning
               | white males to vote"); but I have a busy week, so I'll
               | have to settle for a few short counter-points, even
               | though I appreciate your reasoned discourse and would
               | like to continue in more depth. I really do!
               | 
               | First, on the Allen v. Milligan case, it's illustrative
               | to imagine instead what would be the appropriate number
               | of majority-black districts? The state is 68.9% white and
               | 26.8% black[0] and has seven congressional districts.
               | 26.8% of seven is 1.876, so one (which is what it is
               | currently) is too few and two is actually too many. If
               | all districts reflected the state's demographics as a
               | whole equally, none would be majority-black. Besides, I
               | think it imprudent to assume that people vote on racial
               | lines; as the majority opinion notes, "The Court's
               | opinion does not diminish or disregard the concern that
               | [section 2 of the Voting Rights Act] may impermissibly
               | elevate race in the allocation of political power within
               | the States", and that "racial gerrymandering, even for
               | remedial purposes, may balkanize us into competing racial
               | factions; it threatens to carry us further from the goal
               | of a political system in which race no longer matters".
               | Both the majority and the dissents are worth reading, as
               | usual.
               | 
               | On the second point of campus voting, I think there is
               | reasonable room to argue on what the voting age should
               | be. Prior to the 26th Amendment in 1971, the voting age
               | was 21; which meant that for most of the country's
               | history, young first-time voters already had many years
               | of work experience under their belts and were further on
               | their way to "adulthood". Nowadays, someone at the first-
               | time voting age of 18 is less likely than ever to have
               | worked[1].
               | 
               | Besides, if limiting suffrage is anti-democratic, then is
               | expanding suffrage necessarily pro-democratic? There have
               | been attempts at lowering the voting age to 16[2]; would
               | it be considered anti-democratic to oppose such an
               | action? And even states that are perennially unfriendly
               | to big-C Conservatism based on voting record[3], like New
               | York and New Jersey, were among states that made voting
               | more difficult[4] recently.
               | 
               | All this to say: we should continue to have rational
               | debates on the best way to ensure the ongoing health of
               | the nation (that is, politics), and we would all be
               | served better if one side was not depicted as acting
               | against ("anti democratic pattern of behavior") that
               | health, at least not without critical examination.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/AL
               | 
               | [1]: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS11300012
               | 
               | [2]: https://meng.house.gov/media-center/press-
               | releases/meng-rein...
               | 
               | [3]: https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/r
               | anking-t...
               | 
               | [4]: https://www.reuters.com/graphics/USA-
               | ELECTION/VOTING-RESTRIC...
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > The state is 68.9% white and 26.8% black[0] and has
               | seven congressional districts. 26.8% of seven is 1.876,
               | so one (which is what it is currently) is too few and two
               | is actually too many
               | 
               | Since we are talking about an imperfect system with any
               | solution, disenfranchising black voters by 88% of a seat
               | is significantly worse than disenfranchising white voters
               | by 12% of a seat. This is especially so considering that
               | the Voting Rights Act was enacted to counteract the
               | history of black voter suppression in states like
               | Alabama. Even in majority white districts, suppression of
               | black voting happens through enacting laws that make it
               | harder to vote [1].
               | 
               | > Nowadays, someone at the first-time voting age of 18 is
               | less likely than ever to have worked.
               | 
               | Plenty of people have a few years of work experience by
               | 18. There are also many people 30+ who haven't worked a
               | day in their lives (think trust fund kids) that vote. I
               | don't think we should disenfranchise them either. Even
               | still, that's all irrelevant. 18 year olds have the right
               | to vote according to the law.
               | 
               | > Besides, if limiting suffrage is anti-democratic, then
               | is expanding suffrage necessarily pro-democratic?
               | 
               | That's not really what we are discussing, and is an
               | appeal to the theoretical . The subject is preventing the
               | disenfranchisement of people who have the full
               | constitutional right to vote today.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/23/us/politics/voting-
               | rights...
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | > 2 million voters over the age of 55 die every year, 4
               | million voters turn 18.
               | 
               | I think this is a bit of a simplification that makes the
               | effect sound much more drastic than it really is. While 2
               | million voters over the age of 55 may die every year,
               | they are replaced by a similar number of voters who just
               | became over 55 and who's politics, on average, are only
               | marginally different. Of course this applies to every age
               | group as well. Not that I'm assuming that you're meaning
               | to suggest that the effect is drastic, but I often see
               | the very same line of reasoning in the political media
               | and I'm quite certain it _is_ what they 're suggesting---
               | because clicks.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | The change is not drastic, but it is inevitable. 2
               | million deaths per year, 4 million per two year election
               | cycle, 8 million every presidential election cycle. TLDR
               | There are tipping points, keep an eye on these metrics to
               | understand them and predict when they arrive. Think in
               | systems.
               | 
               | For example, Rep. Lauren Boebert won by only 546 votes
               | last year in her district. You don't need much electorate
               | change for that to not happen again.
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/16/politics/demographic-
               | changes-...
        
               | PM_me_your_math wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | mrtesthah wrote:
               | That's a blatant fabrication. Here's a state-by-state,
               | claim-by-claim refutation of your entire narrative.
               | 
               | https://statesuniteddemocracy.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/01...
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | > I'm not a serious person. Please disregard my opinion
               | on everything.
               | 
               | Ok, thanks for the heads up!
        
               | dukeyukey wrote:
               | Although as every year that ticks on, the people ageing
               | into conservative middle-age are less and less likely to
               | have a strong emotional or economic link to coal mining.
        
           | JTbane wrote:
           | IMHO coal should be banned as an energy source and efforts
           | made to convert existing plants to nuclear.
        
           | outside1234 wrote:
           | Coal is going away no matter what. Be it from natural gas or
           | wind. It is just not economic anymore.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | Yeah, this is basically it. We need to provide those people
           | living coal and oil towns a pension and some type of national
           | purpose as their jobs wind down so they aren't impoverished.
           | The coal people can do environmental reclamation on the mines
           | and the oil people can dig geothermal wells or something. No
           | one has to be uprooted during their lifetime and their
           | children will be able to make informed choices without the
           | pressure of poverty around them.
        
           | cbhl wrote:
           | There are also other industries in Montana. Cattle outnumber
           | people 2:1. Wheat is also a big export.
           | 
           | I also recall the bigger towns/cities being fairly popular
           | places for remote work (even filling local airports over
           | capacity), although I'm not sure if that persisted through
           | calls to return to offices.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | There's relatively few coal jobs left. Nationwide in 2011 it
           | was already down to 91.5 thousand coal miners by 2021 it was
           | 39.5 thousand, again _nationwide._
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/215790/coal-mining-
           | emplo...
           | 
           | The industry provides more jobs for mechanics etc, but any
           | community dependent on coal workers has already been
           | devastated.
           | 
           | Oil and gas are very separate as solar or wind isn't
           | displacing them anytime soon. In 10+ years EV's might start
           | to reduce the need for oil, but it's going to be a very slow
           | transition. If 100% of new cars are EV that's still decades
           | worth of existing vehicles plus boats and aircraft.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | While EVs only look like a statistical blip on the oil
             | market now, they are taking off fast enough that it will be
             | less than 10 years before the impact is obvious. Cars are
             | 50% of of oil (transport is 60%, so I'll just round and
             | assume the other 10% is trucks trains, ships, airplanes...
             | which are not going away as fast), but new cars are already
             | starting to move to EVs, and that trend is continuing. It
             | will be 20 years before oil isn't a significant factor in
             | car transport
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That really depends on what you mean by obvious impact.
               | 
               | Cars manufactured in the last year make up 4% or so of
               | total cars on the road and thus ~2% of oil consumption.
               | EV's are just over 7% of new car sales right now if we
               | assume an extremely optimistic 30% of all sales over the
               | next 10 years that's (4% per year * 10 years * 30% of
               | sales * 50% of oil) = 6% reduction in oil use in 2033 vs
               | no change. That's significant but could easily be offset
               | by increasing the total number of cars or other use etc.
               | 
               | I doubt 30% of all new cars sold by 2033 will be EV's as
               | it would require well over 30% to be sold in years 9 and
               | 10 to offset years 1 and 2 etc. That said, somewhere
               | between 15 and 30 years from now I expect the difference
               | will be very obvious as the oldest ICE cars get aged out
               | of the global fleet to be replaced with more efficient
               | cars + hybrids + EV's.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Several governments have made 100% EV by 203X a goal.
               | Norway is farther along the path than the US. Predicting
               | the future is always hard, but it is looking like EVs
               | will be more like 80% of sales by 2030 many people are
               | already seeing significant fuel savings, which is
               | important.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Norway is already an extreme outlier in terms of both new
               | and existing EV's, which is included in that global
               | number I mentioned. I expect several countries will break
               | that 30%, but oil is a global commodity.
               | 
               | As to 80%, 2030 is only 6.5 years from now. You can
               | lookup the rate companies are building factories to
               | estimate the maximum possible adoption over the next 3-5
               | years and based on that 80% _globally_ in 6.5 years is
               | completely off the table. Also, adoption is dependent on
               | what people actually buy which will slow thing down from
               | the maximum theoretically possible. S curve to 50% which
               | then slows down is common because not everyone's needs
               | are the same which feeds back into how much manufacturing
               | capacity gets added etc.
        
               | thrwayaistartup wrote:
               | Even in the parts of the US with 203X goals, many of the
               | statutory "EV" definitions include vehicles with large
               | gas tanks. E.g., the Toyota RAV4 Plugin Hybrid qualifies
               | for EV tax credits in most states with such credits.
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | I suspect many horseshoers and saddle makers lost their
           | income when the automobile came to be.
        
             | babypuncher wrote:
             | Not to mention all those freshly unemployed horses.
        
               | sophacles wrote:
               | They found jobs in the glue industry.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Actually, in the early 20th century, those horses likely
               | went to war.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | Solar and Wind power is available practically everywhere. So
           | that is directly contrary to your "this region is winner take
           | all", which is really what the old "strike it rich with black
           | gold" of fossil fuels was. Solar/Wind is about as win-win-win
           | as it gets right now.
           | 
           | Also, there really isn't anything like a "coal reserve"
           | anymore. Coal is not a useful material anymore outside of the
           | coal fired plants that are still in operation. Coal is so far
           | behind other forms of power generation cost (including even
           | nuclear) that practically all coal fired plants are being
           | actively planned for retirement/replacement. You cannot have
           | an "economic plan for coal" that involves anything except
           | planning for the jobs to go away.
           | 
           | At a minimum all coal plants will be replaced with natural
           | gas turbine. Still fossil fuel but much cleaner in
           | particulate and so much more efficient that the carbon
           | release is reduced. With Solar/Wind falling under gas turbine
           | in LCOE, gas turbine will become like coal in 10 years.
           | 
           | Solar/wind isn't responsible for the devaluation of rural
           | communities. That happened with globalization. And economic
           | development has historically followed the availability of
           | cheap plentiful power, which solar/wind already represent an
           | technological advancement in. Solar/wind are the cheapest
           | form of power generation, and unlike coal/gas which are
           | basically played out in terms of cost improvement, likely
           | have another 10-20 years of cost improvement from economies
           | of scale and technological improvement. Put it this way: if
           | fusion became net-positive and sustained reaction tomorrow,
           | it wouldn't matter. At the rate solar/wind are dropping, no
           | fusion reactor would beat it economically for another 50
           | years.
        
           | tiffanyg wrote:
           | Yup, that's about right, I'd say.
           | 
           | It's disgusting, too. Every time "the experiment" is run, we
           | find that "the returns" from preventing excessive
           | concentration of wealth VASTLY exceed any claimed benefits of
           | allowing individuals and individual families to limitlessly
           | accrue. VASTLY exceed, not merely economically, but all the
           | way "down to" things like human well-being (and lack thereof:
           | suffering). I.e., down to the roots of strong societies,
           | communities, and ultimately COUNTRIES.
           | 
           | Consequently, those with an insatiable "need to hoard" know
           | that they need to convince those with power (which, in the
           | US, is The People [to some degree]) to believe in the
           | opposite of the evidence. Unfortunately, of course, this is
           | all too easy. While some degree of "representational
           | democracy" and "mass media" and "universal public education"*
           | increases the challenge, the class warfare continues. Some
           | among the "upper class", in particular, engage in it very
           | actively and intentionally, quite secure in the knowledge
           | that terms like "data", and "evidence", and, even moreso,
           | "statistics" / "economics", are meaningless / of little
           | direct concern to most people. All you really need is
           | "marketing".
           | 
           | So, really, all you do is - keep telling people that (OUR -
           | i.e., The People's) "government doesn't work", keep telling
           | them it's "corrupt", etc. (fostering conditions for degrees
           | of self-fulfilling prophecy). Remove civics classes from
           | schools. Tell them that the government just exists to
           | perpetuate itself and to grow unchecked ... try to get people
           | to forget, as much as possible, how self-governing is
           | supposed to look ... what it grew out of, how we basically
           | self-organized, quite effectively, through decades and then
           | centuries worth of work (and quite radical ideas ...
           | including at least two or three periods of significant
           | upending of feudalistic components of the economy, often
           | involving efforts of "enlightened" "class traitors"**). Ask
           | them if, given all of this - that "we all know" that
           | "government doesn't work", "people in government are corrupt
           | self-dealers", "government can't be trusted" ... they'd like
           | to keep some more of "THEIR" money each month, which,
           | obviously, THEY are more QUALIFIED to spend. And, of course,
           | as politics becomes more debased and less serious - driven by
           | actual facts and what works vs. appeals to feelings and
           | rhetoric [marketing] - slap a pretty face on it (Reagan).
           | 
           | Then, just rinse and repeat.
           | 
           | Pretty soon, so many people have a solid internal wall
           | preventing any serious consideration of appropriate taxation
           | to pay for services far more valuable than an extra night out
           | at a restaurant every once in a while, this modified regime
           | is quite entrenched and resistant to movement back towards
           | more progressive ideas. All the while, you can keep marketing
           | more and more extreme ideas ... like, oh I don't know, "maybe
           | we need to reevaluate that whole 'Civil Rights Act' deal...".
           | 
           | The ideals and optimism etc. that propelled people to make
           | changes good for themselves (in a broad sense, not narrow in
           | time and space like greed) and society exist on the fringes -
           | utterly extinguished in the center. Not given any serious
           | consideration any longer.
           | 
           | You, yourself, provide an example: "But everyone knows from
           | the last half century of globalization that taking win-win-
           | lose and turning it into win-win-win is a false promise that
           | won't pan out." And, you provide it in the right context, I'd
           | say: "The problem with _US political-economics right now_ ".
           | It's an important point - it doesn't have to be like this.
           | The "disruptors" of systems who have marketed against ideas
           | like "The New Deal" have worked for decades to get us to the
           | point we're at now. I'd say, as usual, it will take enough
           | people getting upset enough to create the conditions in which
           | we can have a lurch back in the other direction.
           | 
           | The story of the 50+ years has involved a trade between
           | "left" and "right". The left-of-center ideas have dominated
           | on the social side of things, while the right-of-center ideas
           | have dominated on the economic side. Seems like conditions
           | are ripe for something of a reversal - the 10+ year ascent of
           | "the culture war(s)" (as a more intentional and even
           | engineered effort on the right [in part driven by being "out
           | of actual ideas" {that are practical}] on the economic policy
           | side for probably 2 decades or more) are evidence and fertile
           | ground for reversal ... combined with heightened economic
           | insecurity ONCE AGAIN. But, we'll have to wait to find out
           | just how pissed off people really are ... and, if they can
           | find their way back to the best lever US citizens get for
           | pushing the system the way it needs to be pushed - the
           | "voting booth 'lever'".***
           | 
           | * Thomas Jefferson was quite the "disruptor", pushing for
           | universal education as early as he did (he was a complex
           | person - my knowledge is fairly limited, but my general
           | impression is that he would have fit in rather well with the
           | subpopulation of "baby boomers" who experimented with radical
           | "hippie" ideas in the 60s. Plenty in this generation, after
           | this brief "Rumspringa", turned around, moved to suburbia,
           | became part of the system they experimented with fighting,
           | voted for a "pretty face" and "pretty words" wrapped around
           | ideas they generally found repulsive only a decade or two
           | earlier [Reagan], etc. That should not be taken to diminish
           | Jefferson in any way - not my intention. And, he did much
           | that was positive, but also, plenty that wasn't. My sense is
           | that he's somewhat more difficult to judge / analyze than
           | someone like Washington, who was very principled, "virtuous"
           | [in a sort of "honesty internally" &/ of core character],
           | consistent, etc. Who, interestingly, had a life more akin to
           | the self-made immigrants who came through Ellis Island, say,
           | raising his station up through life from a really low rung
           | among the gentry class, all the way through leader of a
           | nation he helped found.)
           | 
           | ** People who go into history books as "Great", and certainly
           | tend to be recognized for "virtue", "humanity", and "equity"
           | and such - who REALLY embraced the idea "All men are created
           | equal..." (where "men" is understood variously, of course,
           | but, in an arc / from principles that only concludes in a
           | meaning of "All people"). I.e., Washington et al., Lincoln et
           | al., FDR et al. ... while others like "the Mercers"**** lurk
           | in the shadows and work to dismantle the deservedly popular
           | and virtuous work that brought such benefit to individuals
           | AND the nation as a whole (aside from the grievances of the
           | wealth and power hoarders).
           | 
           | *** What an anachronism, now, eh? ... Anyway, the change in
           | voting patterns among other factors suggest political
           | pressure is really starting to ramp up. ... Lastly, this
           | comment is absolutely absurd in length - apologies and
           | apologies for likely mistakes, can't really look it over
           | right now, time has grown tight.
           | 
           | **** Also around in the time of Washington - the ancestry
           | isn't simple, various Mercers weren't uniform in Loyalist
           | sympathies, and, AFAIK, the current extreme right-wing Robert
           | Mercer's direct ancestors didn't arrive in the colonial era,
           | but, this family is comparatively visible right now and can
           | be viewed within that sort of model (association of a give
           | family with a particular member and their views, e.g., George
           | Washington)
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | I hate to be blunt on this topic, but it's necessary to make
           | my point. Montana needs to adapt to the 21st century. Their
           | mining towns are barely 100 years old, and have little
           | history. As coal jobs gradually fade away, the community can
           | either adapt to renewables and tech, or die out. We simply
           | cannot sustain the burning of more coal for our children's
           | future. Yes, please think of the children on this, and maybe
           | only this instance.
        
             | thrwayaistartup wrote:
             | Yes, that's the problem with US political-economics right
             | now. You've (failed to?) identify the "political" part of
             | "political-economics".
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | I don't see a null decision as political, but I think you
               | get the point. It's OK for the tows to die, as the
               | alternative is worse for literally everyone.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Yea, you're getting at a very unpopular reality that, if
             | spoken would sink anyone's political career, so politicians
             | will never say it: Many of these little towns probably just
             | shouldn't exist. Nobody wants to admit that a community has
             | failed. Go for a stroll through the Rust Belt or any other
             | economically devastated area. _People still live there,
             | despite the misery!_ You drive through, and it 's just old
             | houses and the occasional Walmart vampirically sucking out
             | what little wealth remains. There's no real industry
             | anywhere. You wonder what do all these people living here
             | do for a living?
             | 
             | Instead of trying to prop up obsolete mining communities
             | with hopeless economic support, it would be better to 1.
             | focus on retraining/re-skilling and 2. send fully-
             | subsidized moving vans to help people physically get away
             | from the misery.
        
               | developerDan wrote:
               | > You wonder what do all these people living here do for
               | a living?
               | 
               | Most of those people either a) commute a long distance to
               | scrape by and lose a significant chunk of their earnings
               | on gas because they own a 30 year old hoopty of a truck
               | or b) live off of welfare. That's how a lot of these
               | small communities continue to exist. People can't afford
               | to move out and obviously don't want to commit suicide
               | (nor should they).
               | 
               | Having come from a small town, I don't think these people
               | will move even if it's paid for. Many rural folk have
               | these warped views of more populace towns and cities
               | because of the warped political rhetoric and constant
               | bombardment of negative news coverage.
               | 
               | It's an extremely difficult problem that I don't
               | personally believe has a solution because you have to
               | have willing participation (some will, but most won't).
        
               | LeifCarrotson wrote:
               | > People can't afford to move out
               | 
               | Why not? There are good-paying jobs in financially
               | functional towns and cities reasonably close by. The
               | people who grow up in those towns can afford to live
               | there.
               | 
               | Sure, they're not going to be able to upsize without a
               | mortgage by selling the 1400 sqft 100-year-old house on a
               | lot in a decaying ghost town. But most people don't start
               | out with an already-paid-for home.
        
               | ticviking wrote:
               | Because very few companies offer relocation. Living on
               | welfare in a paid for trailer on land your ancestors
               | lived on is much more appealing than moving without
               | relocation for worse lifestyle in a rental in low wage
               | work that will result in a lower effective income in a
               | higher cost of living area.
               | 
               | People are often dumb, but they're not insane and over
               | years they do respond to incentives.
        
               | nn3 wrote:
               | Usually it happens anyways, just delayed. Old people
               | usually don't want to move, but the younger people are
               | more flexible and move away as soon as they can if they
               | don't see any future.
               | 
               | Then these towns get older and older until eventually
               | they won't be viable anymore (or find something else to
               | still attract young people).
               | 
               | So the trends are happening, they are just delayed by a
               | couple of decades. As the average life expectation grows
               | the cycles get longer however.
        
               | itsoktocry wrote:
               | > _Nobody wants to admit that a community has failed. Go
               | for a stroll through the Rust Belt or any other
               | economically devastated area. People still live there,
               | despite the misery!_
               | 
               | What you call misery, others call home, and have an
               | attachment to the land.
               | 
               | Go for a stroll through San Francisco and see people
               | living in tents and defecating on the sidewalk. Maybe
               | everyone should move to California to commute hours to
               | work (because you can't afford to live anywhere near your
               | job). That sounds awesome!
        
               | ashayh wrote:
               | | and have an attachment to the land.
               | 
               | This is understandable, but does not always make sense.
               | After all, these towns were created by European
               | immigrants who left their homeland of hundreds of years,
               | their language, customs, foods, climate etc for a better
               | opportunity. These towns had sizable black populations
               | who left southern towns for the same reasons.
               | 
               | Before Europeans, north america was settled by many
               | different tribes who had migrated from eurasia . Not to
               | mention different groups of humans also migrated from
               | Africa all over the world, because they saw good reason
               | to do so.
               | 
               | At some point you have to cut your losses, or seek a
               | better life. Not saying it is easy, but this option
               | should be pointed out to anyone in untenable situations.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > What you call misery, others call home, and have an
               | attachment to the land.
               | 
               | Mostly, people aren't moving to better communities
               | because they can't.
               | 
               | In a good year, a typical relocation requires stacks of
               | available cash and jobs waiting at the other end for
               | every working member of the household. And those jobs
               | need to add up to the living expenses at the destination.
               | 
               | If you're a household that needs to move to survive, the
               | odds are quite low you have the resources at hand to make
               | that happen.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | I'm a big fan of programs which help pay for both those
               | relocations and the educations to help the transition.
               | 
               | I'm not a fan of holding the economy and the environment
               | hostage because they have a traditional "attachment" to
               | something that makes the world a worse place.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | No argument from me. I just wanted to clarify that while
               | moving is an impossibility, all other reasons for staying
               | are moot.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | _What you call misery, others call home, and have an
               | attachment to the land._
               | 
               | Okay, so now what? Not say the quiet part out loud about
               | how the area has economically failed? What you typed is a
               | retort, but I don't hear a lot of solution, unless the
               | suggestion is that a solution is not needed. I guess what
               | I am saying is that I don't understand what point your
               | driving toward with your comment.
        
               | la64710 wrote:
               | The world population also had an attachment to its land
               | but were uprooted and transported and mingled and spread
               | all over the world and has resulted in significant
               | economic development. Get on with the program , it is the
               | new reality.
        
               | droopyEyelids wrote:
               | The small rust belt and Appalachian towns we're talking
               | about are not much different than the streets in San
               | Francisco in terms of their social ills.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | > You wonder what do all these people living here do for
               | a living?
               | 
               | I don't, because I know over half the federal budget is
               | spent on welfare: social security, medicare, medicaid.
        
               | Taylor_OD wrote:
               | Nearly all of these towns are slowly dying. Young people
               | leave and few come back. Nationwide its a lot of people
               | but many of these towns are literally a few dozen people
               | or less who will never leave because they live in a home
               | for almost nothing or they have a family home they have
               | inherited.
               | 
               | It's the same thing that has happened in lots of rural
               | areas of Texas.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | fasthands9 wrote:
             | >As coal jobs gradually fade away, the community can either
             | adapt to renewables and tech, or die out.
             | 
             | This is very easy to say if you don't live there. There is
             | no reason to think that a town that exists because it has a
             | coal deposit is going to be a logical place for any
             | business to put a clean energy plant of some sort.
             | 
             | If you are going to be for phasing out coal very quickly
             | then you have to be willing to bite the bullet and accept
             | that certain regions of the country are just going to be
             | completely effed over.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > accept that certain regions of the country are just
               | going to be completely effed over.
               | 
               | Pieces of countryside do not suffer. People are
               | potentially more mobile than that.
        
               | fasthands9 wrote:
               | Sure. It's fine to tell people to move. I have moved a
               | lot of times in my life so I'm not personally offended.
               | 
               | But most people do not move and do not want to move and I
               | think people on here underestimate the political
               | difficulty of telling people they will have to sell their
               | house for close to nothing and move to life an adequate
               | life.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | People in those towns have family connections going back
               | centuries in some cases. They wouldn't even take a
               | buyout, because they know everyone and it would be like
               | losing family. If you haven't exper it, it doesn't seem
               | like a valuable thing to worry about losing, but it is
               | the world they know, and we shouldn't be surprised if
               | many of them fight to keep it, potentially in a literal
               | fashion. I don't know what the answer is, but buyouts and
               | financed moves will be seen as authoritarian, while
               | ending subsidies and just letting places fail might be
               | seen as a faceless market force, even if itbis worse for
               | those involved
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | America has weathered these events before mostly by
               | shrugging.
               | 
               | See: the deindustrialization of New England in the 1920s,
               | the Dust Bowl and its migrations, the deindustrialization
               | of the Rust Belt
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > People in those towns have family connections going
               | back centuries in some cases.
               | 
               | You are correct, in some cases they go back 2-4
               | centuries. From when their ancestors settled in the
               | colonies there. Settlers. Colony. 2-4 centuries, short
               | term by European standards. It is hypocritical to expect
               | it to be eternal now. There was no guarantee that it
               | would last past when they milked out all the non-
               | renewable resources. As noted, the US tends to be fairly
               | institutionally indifferent to e.g. a Dust Bowl.
               | 
               | I hope that they better than that this time, I really do.
               | But not at the expense of keeping coal mines and coal-
               | mining-towns with no other viable way open. It never was
               | a good job anyway (see "black lung").
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | I wonder about this because it seems like we were totally
               | ok with moving manufacturing jobs overseas for example,
               | or when a shipyard closes up shop in a town we accept it,
               | but when it comes _specifically_ to coal jobs it's like
               | all of a sudden it's all about won't someone think of the
               | poor families?!
               | 
               | I would generally agree that if as national policy we are
               | going to do something like shut down an industry we
               | should try and help people including maybe just buying
               | them out (reskilling/learn2code is extremely difficult),
               | but it's kind of like what Elon said once which was good
               | which was when we lower the price customers don't want to
               | pay us the higher price and when we raise the price they
               | want the lower price they initially agreed to (it wasn't
               | that exact thing but you get my point) and when it comes
               | to subsidizing industries like we do for oil and gas for
               | example I think the same mentality applies.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | We are not okay with manufacturing moving overseas. I
               | don't know where you got that idea, it is clearly false.
               | Ross Perot was in 1996 one of the most successful third
               | party candidates ever, and he ran on the "great sucking
               | sound" of NAFTA moving manufacturing jobs to Mexico.
               | 
               | The one difference is manufacturing hasn't been lost in
               | the US - by most measures we make more stuff in the US
               | than ever. There are less jobs though because of
               | automation, but those jobs have been replaced by
               | engineering. Coal mining by contrast is a death industry
               | and won't come back. What people in the coal industry
               | need is someone to setup a factory in their town. A
               | factory making some weird widget in a small town tends to
               | make a rural town.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | panzagl wrote:
               | People were not ok with manufacturing moving overseas,
               | the owners of those factories were. Closing a coal mine
               | affects the owner of the mine directly. This has nothing
               | to do with the workers- the owners would be just as happy
               | to turn MT coal miners into opioid welfare recipients as
               | they were NC textile mill workers as long as the owners
               | continued to make money.
        
               | ako wrote:
               | Consumers were also ok with manufacturing moving
               | overseas, as they were all buying these cheaper products,
               | making it impossible for local manufacturing to survive.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | If only we gathered some money together from all of the
               | places, especially the places that are booming and were
               | the opposite of effed over, and then used that money on
               | the regions of the country that would be effed over, to
               | un eff over people, possibly by moving them to non-effed
               | over locations! I don't know what that would be called,
               | but boy that would be something!
        
               | ticviking wrote:
               | And any time you decide to eff over anyone, you can and
               | should expect resistance.
        
               | antisthenes wrote:
               | > If you are going to be for phasing out coal very
               | quickly then you have to be willing to bite the bullet
               | and accept that certain regions of the country are just
               | going to be completely effed over.
               | 
               | What do you think happened to Appalachia? It sucked for a
               | while, and it's still not a bustling tech hub and never
               | will be, but people are adapting and in a few generations
               | it will be a good (if less populated) area.
        
             | asynchronous wrote:
             | I don't think Montana's stance on coal jobs is ruining your
             | future children's world in any directly measurable way -
             | but please, keep speculating on other state's internal
             | politics.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Wouldn't Montana have disproportionate influence on US
               | politics, due to the way the US Senate works? As well as
               | presidential elections.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Yes, but it isn't that extreme. They only have 2 senators
               | out of 100.
        
               | LeifCarrotson wrote:
               | Two senators, each of which represent about 550,000
               | people, compared to (on the other end of the scale)
               | California's two senators, who each represent about
               | 20,000,000 people. That's a 36x imbalance, which is
               | pretty disproportionate.
               | 
               | Every person from a state with lower population than the
               | median is overrepresented in the Senate, every state with
               | higher than median is underrepresented.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | It is a good thing that the Senate represents the States
               | then, and not the people. There wouldn't be much point in
               | having two houses of legislature if they both represented
               | the same entities.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | Future archeologists will wonder at the evidence they see
               | in tree rings and ice cores: "These morons burned coal
               | when they had renewable energy sources?"
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | So this is the exact opposite view of the Montana supreme
               | court. The GP post. The children won the lawsuit.. Coal
               | is absolutely and directly ruining their future. This is
               | no longer an argument.
        
               | the-printer wrote:
               | Appealing to the decision of Montana's Supreme Court does
               | little to refute whether coal production in _their state_
               | produces an imminent danger to _your children_. If you
               | are a Montanan then excuse me.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | I don't understand this refute at all. Coal cannot stay
               | confined to Montana's borders in any real sense. The coal
               | is mined to export, and it is then burned in coal plants,
               | which are very bad.
        
               | the-printer wrote:
               | asynchronous's comment was about whether coal jobs in
               | Montana yield any _measurable risks_ to your children,
               | wherever you are. Referring to Montana 's judicial
               | decisions as if they are edicts that span beyond its
               | borders is a weak counterargument.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | This is the opposite of a weak counterargument! Referring
               | to Montana's judicial decisions as if they are edicts
               | that span beyond its borders is called _stare decisis_ or
               | legal precedent. Montana 's supreme court decision can
               | absolutely guide decisions beyond Montana's border.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedent#Principle
        
               | the-printer wrote:
               | This implies that every state constitution has provisions
               | similar to the ones in Montana's state constitution that
               | were used to uphold the decision and have already given
               | it the distinction of precedence. The ruling on its own
               | is not legally binding on other states, they can refer to
               | it at their own discretion.
               | 
               | This isn't a question of the decision's influence in the
               | future or its likelihood. It's about the decision's
               | effect today. Either way, as far as I could find, the
               | text of the ruling does nothing to convey concern for the
               | measurable effects that Montana's coal industry could
               | have on you or your children elsewhere. That's what we're
               | talking about.
               | 
               | By law, your self interests were not referred to at all.
               | The "good news" is that your country is governed by self
               | interests, and I'm inclined to believe that The Powers
               | That Be (r) are catering to yours this time around.
               | 
               | And people wonder how Jim Crow became a household name...
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Ah yes, CO2 famously stops at state borders, it's very
               | nice like that.
        
               | the-printer wrote:
               | This isn't about the facetious point that you're trying
               | to make. It's about whether one state's specific judicial
               | decision at all concerns what takes place beyond its
               | borders.
        
               | itsoktocry wrote:
               | > _Coal is absolutely and directly ruining their future.
               | This is no longer an argument._
               | 
               | The courts are not infallible or all-knowing.
        
           | throwawaysleep wrote:
           | Frankly, screw them. They have had decades of warning and
           | done nothing about it but whine.
        
           | la64710 wrote:
           | From HTML to CSS to JS to React to God knows what ... we have
           | to learn new technologies all the time. Folks should be
           | retrained on new technologies and transferred to new jobs for
           | a nice transition to happen. Why we make it so complicated?
        
           | theptip wrote:
           | These jobs are going sooner or later. It's cheaper to build
           | new solar than to operate existing coal plants in many places
           | in the US.
           | 
           | If you are serious about the welfare of folks currently
           | working in the coal industry, IMO you need to look at
           | retraining programs (say, Green New Deal style) to replace
           | fossil jobs with building wind, solar, battery, etc.
           | components.
           | 
           | Pragmatically I'm fine with buying off the coal communities
           | with subsidies to transition to green tech. We should not
           | just leave them hanging.
           | 
           | The people advocating for a green energy economy understand
           | this and are generally in favor of supporting those that
           | worked in the fossil industry. However the lobbyist dollars
           | opposing a green transition come from the big companies that
           | stand to lose huge revenue streams, and they don't seem to be
           | that interested in the long-term welfare of those in the
           | industry.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | Everyone is happy when the government throws free money at
         | them. That's why even the most climate denying and self
         | proclaimed "fiscally conservative" politicians will vote for
         | subsidizing new solar jobs in their free state.
         | 
         | What people get up and arms about are policies that destroy
         | jobs or make things more expensive. This why all climate-change
         | related legislation is about throwing free money at the problem
         | rather than pricing in the externality in bad environmental
         | practices. Even in the farthest left of politicians only make
         | vague suggestions of a carbon tax because they know that they'd
         | immediately get kicked out of office if they allowed gasoline
         | prices to rise to what they are in Europe, let taxing all
         | sources of greenhouse gases.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | I see people up in arms about massive solar farm
           | installations in Ohio. I'm not sure what the issues are as no
           | one has ever quantified them other than to say "I moved here
           | because of the fields" or "They are gobbling up good farm
           | land for solar panels." You see signs everywhere: "Say NO to
           | Solar!" As an Appalachian I recognize this as a miss. These
           | people could have easily legislated (and still can!) a cut of
           | the energy $$ to themselves. Instead they are trying to burn
           | it all down and will be unsuccessful at it. Where is JD Vance
           | or Mike DeWine on that one? Probably too busy ducking energy
           | policy corruption charges.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | They say "Look at the fields of solar panels, they're so
             | ugly!"
             | 
             | I imagine these people have never seen a coal mine.
        
             | Aunche wrote:
             | That's not really about an opposition to green energy
             | though. It's your standard NIMBY excuses about ruining the
             | view and whatnot.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | "destroy jobs"
           | 
           | > Jobs up 95%
           | 
           | "more expensive"
           | 
           | > free money.
        
             | Aunche wrote:
             | You're acting as if I made a contraction, but I didn't.
             | Montana is getting sued because they aren't destroying
             | jobs, and neither is any other state. The government is
             | granting free money to people who buy solar panels, EVs,
             | etc which is why jobs are being created.
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | What are you trying to say?
        
         | Bostonian wrote:
         | Courts rather than legislatures making climate policy is indeed
         | "an agenda being shoved down our throats". Legislators who face
         | elections are more likely to consider tradeoffs.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Courts act based on ... something. You can agree with the
           | reasoning or not but it's not simply an arbitrary policy
           | based on nothing. In the Montana situation it is based on the
           | rights of younger people who will take the brunt of choices
           | made today. Courts make decisions all the time about
           | balancing different people's rights.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | The courts in this case are interpreting the constitution of
           | the state of Montana, which was written and ratified by the
           | legislature. Quoted below:
           | 
           | Constitution of Montana -- Article IX -- ENVIRONMENT AND
           | NATURAL RESOURCES
           | 
           | Section 1. Protection and improvement.
           | 
           | (1) The state and each person shall maintain and improve a
           | clean and healthful environment in Montana for present and
           | future generations.
           | 
           | (2) The legislature shall provide for the administration and
           | enforcement of this duty.
           | 
           | (3) The legislature shall provide adequate remedies for the
           | protection of the environmental life support system from
           | degradation and provide adequate remedies to prevent
           | unreasonable depletion and degradation of natural resources.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | It is widely accepted that one of the court's jobs is to
           | determine whether the legislature's laws are in line with
           | state and federal constitutions. This mechanism exists to
           | make sure that the majority cannot infringe upon the rights
           | of a minority simply because they control the legislature.
           | 
           | The ruling in this case is weirdly hard to find, probably
           | because it's not a supreme court case yet, but the reports
           | say that all the judge did was strike down one provision of a
           | law that the legislature passed, according to a pretty
           | reasonable interpretation of this provision in the state
           | constitution [0].
           | 
           | [0] https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0000/article_0090/part
           | _00...
        
             | sophacles wrote:
             | Yes, but I think you're missing the point. The Montana
             | constitution was adopted in 1972 in a constitutional
             | convention. The people that were elected to that convention
             | were not the legislature (because the previous constitution
             | forbade someone from holding 2 elected offices at one
             | time). The people elected were largely not even
             | politicians, just regular people.
             | 
             | Therefore it shouldn't matter at all - the parent post
             | comes from a position of "the people must be ruled over"
             | and the Montana constitution has a "will of the people"
             | vibe.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | I'm not sure what in your comment actually contradicts
               | what I just said. OP argued that the court was out of
               | line, I responded that the court was doing its job in
               | interpreting the Constitution that the people of Montana
               | put in place. What the grandparent poster may or may not
               | have implied about people being ruled over seems
               | immaterial to the question of whether the court was
               | making policy or interpreting the Constitution.
               | 
               | The way these systems are set up is that if the will of
               | the people is united enough then they can modify the
               | Constitution. As it is, the people of Montana clearly
               | indicated their intention to protect the environment, and
               | state laws prohibiting experts in the executive branch
               | from even _considering_ a specific class of environmental
               | impact are pretty obviously out of line with the intent
               | of the Constitution.
        
           | babypuncher wrote:
           | This is the judicial branch upholding a law put in place by
           | the legislative branch. That is exactly how our government is
           | supposed to work.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > A day ago, there were people
         | 
         | > ... I remember reading
         | 
         | Any references?
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I like green energy as much as the next guy but I think it's
         | hard to know if it's growing organically or growing because the
         | government is spending trillions of dollars on it.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | It was growing even under Trump's admin, who was NOT spending
           | trillions on it. China made renewables cheaper than coal.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | One aspect is that storage is getting cheaper than peaker
           | plants [1][2], in the "more profit with storage" sense.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ge.com/power/transform/article.transform.arti
           | cle...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-
           | insights....
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | PM_me_your_math wrote:
         | We were promised cheaper energy. Nothing is cheaper about
         | renewables, and the costs grow ~3% per year. To say nothing of
         | the raw materials demand, requirement of fossil fuels to
         | develop and use 'renewables' and the cost to replace such
         | equipment. For example, battery replacement for EV are outside
         | of affordability for the mass market. And of course, there is
         | the inescapable long term problem of 250MM electric vehicles
         | requiring charge when we're already telling people that they
         | can't charge their EV due to grid constraints. The inconvenient
         | truth is this; there isn't enough raw material on earth to
         | electrify all transportation, upgrade the entire national grid
         | (every line, every transformer, every substation) to meet the
         | demand that an total EV conversion demands, not for 30 years
         | and definitely not by 2030. Saying otherwise is simple wishful
         | thinking. My apologies in advance for offending the perpetual
         | victims in the church of climatology.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | Breathe without Benadryl? Isn't Benadryl used for allergies?
         | Allergies come mainly from plants and pollen. Hopefully those
         | won't be going away as we adopt solar more.
        
           | slacka wrote:
           | I'm diagnosed as having pollution induced Asthma and
           | allergies to wood smoke. While I need steroids or an N95 mask
           | when the air quality is very poor, Benadryl indeed does help
           | with the symptoms.
           | 
           | What value does your comment add by nick picking his comment?
           | The premise of his argument is correct. Fossil fuels kill far
           | more people than renewables and nuclear.
           | 
           | https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/fossil-fuels/which-
           | powe...
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | It reduces inflammation in the respiratory track. Relax.
        
             | RandallBrown wrote:
             | Since we're being nitpicky. It's tract not track.
             | 
             | Point still stands though.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | sophacles wrote:
           | > Asthma and allergic diseases cases have risen in recent
           | decades. Plant pollen is considered as the main aeroallergen
           | causing allergic reactions. According to available data,
           | urban residents experience more respiratory allergies than
           | rural residents mainly due to the interaction between
           | chemical air pollutants and pollen grains.
           | 
           | From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941124/
           | 
           | There's a lot of research linking the two - particulate
           | matter in the air from burning coal is another allergen
           | related to this.
        
         | hexhexhexagon wrote:
         | "the more we move away from burning things for energy, the
         | better" is not self evident. We've been burning things for
         | energy since the invention of fire 1 or 2 million years ago. It
         | is a major major factor for how we have built this global
         | civilization that we all benefit from. That said, we moved away
         | from burning fire, not because we ran out of wood, but because
         | we found something more efficient. Currently, hydrocarbons are
         | the single best method of generating and delivering cheap,
         | reliable energy. Only nuclear comes close, but for some stupid
         | reason it is demonized. Solar and wind serve a purpose, but
         | they're nowhere near ready to replace hydrocarbons. We should
         | only transition away from hydrocarbons at the point that by
         | doing so, humans flourish more, and not less. This means either
         | we develop a newer, better technology (nuclear nuclear
         | nuclear), or we begin to run out of fossil fuels, which won't
         | be for a very long time.
        
       | twoodfin wrote:
       | A reminder as always that the ideal number of jobs (i.e. labor
       | cost) needed to produce adequate energy to meet consumption
       | demand is 0.
       | 
       | Yeah, yeah, this is startup cost in many cases. But jobs are not
       | (or shouldn't be) the goal of an energy policy.
        
         | CyberDildonics wrote:
         | > But jobs are not (or shouldn't be) the goal of an energy
         | policy.
         | 
         | No one is saying that.
         | 
         | There is a transition to wind and solar, this is an indication
         | of that.
         | 
         | "Solar jobs increased in the largest number of counties of any
         | electric power generation technology, growing in 74% of U.S.
         | counties."
        
           | asynchronous wrote:
           | Can't wait to have ten billion windmills breaking down every
           | year that we need millions of windmill techs for, rather than
           | just a handful of nuclear reactors that require extensive
           | maintenance every 30 years.
        
             | stetrain wrote:
             | If the solar panels and windmills and their technicians are
             | cheaper to build and operate (safely) than the nuclear
             | reactors, externalities included, then it seems like the
             | market is making the right decision.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Yeah, maybe it's expensive to pay people to drive around
               | and climb windmills, but it's nothing compared to waiting
               | out the half-life of nuclear contamination of a major
               | city.
        
               | midasuni wrote:
               | Except it's not expensive.
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | Unsolvable maintenance problems, like the leaky Vermont
             | Yankee plant, can't be solved by adding more workers. Which
             | is by your lights better?
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Famously, fossil fuels require zero maintenance, being a
             | magic energy source
        
             | midasuni wrote:
             | Reality is wind today is far cheaper to both build,
             | maintain and decommission than nuclear
             | 
             | The problem with wind is variable supply - especially in
             | regional areas.
        
         | jimmychoozyx wrote:
         | So... you're saying "People don't like spending money."
         | 
         | Oh, you don't say? Gee, what a worthwhile comment.
         | 
         | Back to reality--
         | 
         | Energy is such a critical industry. And given the size of the
         | USA, for example, the maintenance of energy infrastructure is
         | never ending.
         | 
         | So, this argument the idea of "zero" is quite meaningless in
         | the context of reality.
        
         | bullfightonmars wrote:
         | Why should energy, unlike any other service or industry,
         | require no labor to provide
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | As a CEO of any service or industry, why should I aspire to a
           | higher expenditure on wages?
        
           | gottorf wrote:
           | I may have misunderstood, but I think GP's point is that the
           | ideal number of jobs for any productive endeavor is zero,
           | i.e. "fully automated luxury gay space communism". If
           | technology advances to the point where it's the equivalent of
           | waving a magic wand to get energy, food, and resources,
           | that's the ideal state.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | Even in other scenarios e.g. ""semi-automated exploitative
             | capitalism", as CEO, if I can replace expensive human
             | workers with cheaper automated systems, I have reduced
             | costs and the board and shareholders will like it.
             | 
             | I think that grandparent's point is that the ideal
             | "limiting case" of this trend is zero human workers. Ideals
             | are not necessarily attainable, but they point the
             | direction of travel. Optimising for "more jobs, more
             | payroll" is not what does or should happen.
             | 
             | _edit_ other commenters have pointed out that "clean power
             | makes jobs!" is a _political_ not economic or business
             | reply to  "what about the coal jobs?". And if it's true (as
             | seems likely), then it's a stronger statement: " _despite_
             | efficiency, this is a jobs growth area ".
             | 
             | If the clean energy sector could be cheaply 100% automated,
             | it would be done for business reasons, leaving the
             | politicians to deal with the fallout of unemployed voters.
             | But then, exactly the same is true of coal energy. Or
             | anything else, really. Aren't there a lot fewer jobs
             | assembling cars now than there used to be? Why is the "rust
             | belt" called that?
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Because people are really, really expensive to employ. The
           | fewer people it takes to generate 1 kW of energy, the cheaper
           | that energy can be sold on the market, and to a first-order
           | approximation, economic growth and increase in standard of
           | living are mostly because energy got cheaper (and these
           | things stop happening when energy stops getting cheaper).
           | Note that for most other goods, it's uncontroversial that the
           | reason people can afford it now, thus bettering their
           | standard of living, is that it takes fewer people to make
           | them than it used to (because of automation).
        
         | lukas099 wrote:
         | Yeah but if one of the biggest political obstacles is "what
         | about the jobs" then it makes sense to talk about the
         | renewables jobs.
        
         | whats_a_quasar wrote:
         | I know several people building startups around green energy
         | labor. The impression I get is that the labor demand isn't a
         | policy thing, that solar installers in particular are desperate
         | for more labor and turning down projects that they can't staff.
         | 
         | So I think this is a good thing! It takes labor to build
         | infrastructure, it's not make-work. And a strong demand for
         | skilled labor creates a lot of positive externalities.
        
       | pkdpic wrote:
       | > Data is reported for five energy sectors: Electric Power
       | Generation; Transmission, Distribution, and Storage; Fuels;
       | Energy Efficiency; and Motor Vehicles and Component Parts
       | 
       | No real mention of what these jobs actually are? I'm guessing the
       | software development needs in this sector are comparatively
       | pretty minimal...
        
         | thrwayaistartup wrote:
         | There are a ton of software development jobs in those sectors!
         | Especially if you include all the "software" jobs that are less
         | like the sort of programming at a typical software shop and
         | more like "Math/CS/Eng PhDs writing MATLAB code".
         | 
         | I think we will see that transition throughout the economy,
         | actually: software will continue to be very important, but the
         | marginal value add of someone writing software will depend on
         | their having deep domain expertise.
        
           | throwawayai2 wrote:
           | I'm interested in moving into this sector. Do you have any
           | resources/companies/etc to share?
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | Sure.
             | 
             | National Labs (NREL, Argonne, Sandia...etc)
             | 
             | EPRI is a big one that sits between industry and academia
             | and hires plenty of both to act as an R&D hub for industry.
             | 
             | The large RTO/ISOs (CAISO, ERCOT, SPP, MISO, PJM, ISO-NE,
             | NYISO) run large regions of the grid and work to maintain
             | the reliable operation of the grid, optimize the use of
             | hundreds of generators every 5 minutes in automatic
             | competitive auctions, and plan certain upgrades like
             | transmission.
             | 
             | Consulting firms (too many to count) like EPE typically run
             | simulations for anyone who needs it done
             | 
             | Software Vendors (GE, Siemens, Hitachi, Energy
             | Exemplar...etc)
             | 
             | Utilities that are members of the RTO/ISOs (or independent
             | as in the South east)
             | 
             | Renewables developers (Nextera, EDF, ENEL...etc) that try
             | to get renewables built and then participate in the RTO/ISO
             | markets.
             | 
             | This is just a section of the power industry as well. Good
             | paying jobs, but a fair amount of red tape too depending on
             | where you go. From a software perspective there's a lot of
             | IT Enterprise work, a lot of programming that engineers do
             | typically involves calling the APIs of commercial software
             | and trying to analyze the resulting data. R&D work
             | typically involves building prototypes. Enterprise software
             | is typically Java, SQL, C#, JavaScript, or C++ depending on
             | what it is. The engineer stuff is mostly in Python. R&D
             | work is typically Python or Matlab.
             | 
             | Can you be more specific as to your background and skills?
        
               | throwawayai2 wrote:
               | Thanks this is a good place for me to start digging into.
               | I have BS/MS in CS/HCI, but I've been working as a
               | product designer for nearly a decade now. I'm planning on
               | moving back towards the engineering side of things though
               | and energy is one industry I'm interested in.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | Plenty of places will take a comp sci degree. Just start
               | anywhere and get some experience and then figure out
               | where you want to go.
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | There's a load of software needed, but it's really not sexy, or
         | it requires relatively esoteric languages like MATLAB. I know
         | of at least one ubiquitous system, PSCAD for simulations, that
         | still relies on Fortran
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | And? What are you trying to say? Banking software IS sexy?
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | Each of those sectors has a variety of support roles:
         | accounting, HR, software, janitorial, etc, in addition to
         | primary operations.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | i wonder why they include 'motor vehicles and component parts'
       | jobs as 'energy jobs' but not, for example, carpentry jobs or
       | cooking jobs
       | 
       | a dude selling car parts isn't producing or reselling energy, and
       | i'm pretty sure a cook with a gas burner applies more energy in
       | their work
       | 
       | if we cast the net wide enough to include auto parts stores then
       | 100% of jobs are energy jobs
       | 
       | maybe they're trying to choose only the categories of jobs where
       | employment is going up instead of down
        
         | dangrossman wrote:
         | Probably because it aligns with this administration's push to
         | create clean energy jobs, in large part, by (quite
         | successfully) pushing for EV and EV battery manufacturing in
         | the US.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | does that mean a guy who sells replacement shock absorbers
           | for diesel trucks has an 'energy job' tho
        
             | hexhexhexagon wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
         | hexhexhexagon wrote:
         | feels similar to the logic behind what goes into the CPI and
         | what doesn't
        
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