[HN Gopher] Privacy friendly ESP32 smart doorbell with Home Assi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Privacy friendly ESP32 smart doorbell with Home Assistant local
       integration
        
       Author : rcarmo
       Score  : 303 points
       Date   : 2023-08-15 09:46 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tristam.ie)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tristam.ie)
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | offtopic: My wife has fairly extreme ADD and loses stuff a lot.
       | Tiles only work to locate something within a certain distance,
       | and often seem to break.
       | 
       | I know it's a longshot, but has anyone here created a home
       | positioning system for home that can use Bluetooth low energy
       | beacons to locate objects to within a couple of centimetres in 3D
       | space?
       | 
       | More ontopic: ESP32s are pretty amazing. Although I've not been
       | able to keep mine stable and connected to wifi with MicroPython
       | or CircuitPython, the range of stuff that's possible is
       | astonishing. Mine is fairly old, I probably should get a newer
       | one to see if it makes a difference.
        
         | sintezcs wrote:
         | I have ESP32 devkit board running micropython that is connected
         | to Wi-Fi and MQTT and publishes sensor readings 24/7 for weeks
         | without any issues
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | What type of ESP32 is it? S3?
        
             | sintezcs wrote:
             | ESP32-WROOM (https://amzn.eu/d/eWz90s8)
        
               | nirav72 wrote:
               | Thanks for this. I had no idea a ESP32 board with built-
               | in PoE existed. I've been using a PoE to micro-USB
               | adapter to power a ESP board. While it works, the adapter
               | just doesn't look very clean when mounted on wall.
        
         | Berazu wrote:
         | DIY Airtags: https://github.com/seemoo-lab/openhaystack
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | Thank you!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | robbles wrote:
         | Not quite to your specs, but have you tried https://www.room-
         | assistant.io/?
        
         | DrFlipper wrote:
         | >MicroPython or CircuitPython
         | 
         | Well, what do you expect? These are verboten for any kind of
         | reliable embedded system.
        
           | Reviving1514 wrote:
           | On the contrary Micropython is even used in medical devices.
           | 
           | I've used it extensively and it is great. With ESP32
           | peripherals you can even get extremely tight timings
           | depending on what specifically you need. And of course any
           | specific performance critical code can be written in C and
           | everything else can be micropython.
           | 
           | It's great, definitely worth exploring.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YovngSLXoxw
        
             | sintezcs wrote:
             | Moreover you can even work with the ULP co-processor from
             | micropython using assembly directly from micropython code.
             | https://github.com/micropython/micropython-esp32-ulp
        
             | sintezcs wrote:
             | Trezor hardware crypto wallet is also running on
             | micropython
        
       | joelthelion wrote:
       | Is there a manufacturer that sells these things pre-assembled?
       | I'm sure quite a few people would be ready to pay good money for
       | privacy-respecting, open-source hardware in this area.
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | Very relevant to my interests. My plan right now is when we send
       | my teen off to college to build a house to passive house
       | standards, and in the process wire it up to do all the smart home
       | things in a locally controlled/non-cloud manner.
       | 
       | Local cameras have been a thing forever, as is local access
       | control and thermostats, but video doorbells surprisingly have
       | primarily been cloud based in their history.
       | 
       | I haven't gone super deep into home assistant yet, but my plan is
       | to use a mix of direct control and HomeKit commercial offerings.
        
       | ex3ndr wrote:
       | Unifi gives you perfect local doorbell
        
       | LastWeekendWas wrote:
       | "Privacy friendly"
       | 
       | Time was, if a neighbour insisted on daily filming a family
       | entering and leaving their own home, they would have been given a
       | smack in the mouth for being a nosy bastard.
       | 
       | Quite how recording your neighbours has become socially
       | acceptable I will never understand.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | > Quite how recording your neighbours has become socially
         | acceptable I will never understand
         | 
         | It isnt - I consider it a blank cheque for 100k whenever I want
         | to cash it.
        
           | nixgeek wrote:
           | How? I'm curious if you can share any case precedent,
           | particularly examples of such a high amount being awarded?
           | 
           | In most U.S. jurisdictions, including WA (which has some of
           | the more stringent law regulating recording), if you're stood
           | on their property or even on the street, surveillance of you
           | is legal. About the only obligation you _may_ have is to post
           | signage.
           | 
           | Recording audio conversations is a bit trickier. In WA, they
           | have RCW 9.73.110 [1] which does make provision for any
           | cameras "within [the] building" recording audio -- it's
           | therefore generally best for exterior cameras to *not* record
           | audio given WA is a two-party consent state (with a few
           | exceptions).
           | 
           | Edit: Looks like the person making this ESP32-based solution
           | is in Ireland, which has its own peculiarities but with a bit
           | of effort, it seems like you'd have no issues there either
           | [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.73.110
           | 
           | [2] https://smartzone.ie/are-home-cctv-systems-legal-in-
           | ireland-...
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | I am referring to surveillence of myself on my property.
             | 
             | UK: https://www.brettwilson.co.uk/blog/neighbour-cctv-
             | harassment...
             | 
             | https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-
             | content/uploads/2022/07/Fairhurs...
             | 
             | Previously - Scotland: https://www.lexology.com/library/det
             | ail.aspx?g=854e9b90-2dab...
             | 
             | Daily Mail on the issue: Could EVERY doorbell camera owner
             | face PS100,000 fine after landmark ruling? How
             | inadvertently filming neighbours and storing footage
             | breaches their privacy under new data protection laws
             | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10087671/EVERY-
             | Ring...
             | 
             | Depending on the specific circumstances, the domestic use
             | of CCTV could be challenged if its use amounted to
             | harassment under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997.
        
               | nixgeek wrote:
               | "Up to PS100k", damages don't appear to have been decided
               | in that case based on a Google? It's also a case which
               | has some egregious aspects to it, which the Daily Mail is
               | ignoring in their haste to write another sensationalist
               | headline.
               | 
               | Some of the analysis away from the front pages has been
               | interesting [1] though:
               | 
               | "During the hearing, some of the main issues under
               | investigation related to:
               | 
               | the field and depth of view of each camera, in particular
               | whether they couldn't 'see' Dr Fairhurst or her visitors
               | entering and leaving her property, her car, or the car
               | park;
               | 
               | the sensitivity of their microphones;
               | 
               | the extent to which the devices activated themselves
               | automatically, or were triggered, to capture, transmit or
               | record video images and/or associated audio from the
               | field of view;
               | 
               | whether Mr Woodard consulted neighbours sufficiently
               | before installation or provided adequate notices or
               | warnings after installation of the equipment; and
               | 
               | how and for what purpose Mr Woodard stored and processed
               | the data produced by his devices."
               | 
               | It looks like neighbor tried to solve this without a
               | court case and he was perhaps not receptive to that
               | approach.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.traverssmith.com/knowledge/knowledge-
               | container/f...
        
         | tjoff wrote:
         | Which is why this is illegal in a lot of jurisdictions (if you
         | can see outside of your own yard).
        
           | vetinari wrote:
           | In some jurisdictions even worse: not just outside your own
           | yard, but also publicly-available parts of your own yard
           | (i.e. in front of a gate or fence, or specifically separated
           | areas available to wandering members of public).
        
             | turtlebits wrote:
             | If it's publicly available, it isn't part of your yard.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | Which jurisdictions? In the US, at least, you can legally
           | film anything and anyone from your own property, and from
           | public property like roads, sidewalks, parks, etc.
        
             | vetinari wrote:
             | EU (see comment above).
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | This is all done by government to effectively disempower the
           | citizens from doing things themselves or in any sort of
           | cooperative manner (even if provably safe etc etc). Oddly
           | enough they turn around and then refuse to protect the
           | citizens from such petty crime.
           | 
           | I'm starting to think it's all a giant "bullshit" test to see
           | how far they can push people's obedience. Or they end up
           | conveniently filtering out the people they don't act obedient
           | to the level of filter they've set with their stupid laws and
           | non-enforcement of existing ones like theft.
        
             | tjoff wrote:
             | Uh? Is privacy really such a strange concept?
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | A guy advocates assault and then wonders why people are filming
         | everything.
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | Due to the prevalence of porch pirates, people compromised.
         | 
         | I refuse to have cloud connected cameras, but I understand why
         | my neighbors have made the choices they have.
        
           | shellfishgene wrote:
           | Clearly the porch pirate problem is best solved by the
           | delivery people not leaving stuff on porches. This does not
           | happen in other countries.
        
             | Null-Set wrote:
             | What do the delivery people do instead?
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | Leave it with a neighbour, attempt redelivery the next
               | day, let you collect it from a delivery office, hide it
               | in a less obvious safe place.
               | 
               | Usually they give you the choice of what to do.
               | 
               | Though having said that, I live in the UK and do
               | occasionally just get parcels left on my very public
               | doorstep. It's the exception though.
        
               | userabchn wrote:
               | Where I live you had to be home to receive packages. If
               | you weren't, you had to go to a distribution centre to
               | collect them. During the pandemic it seemed to change, so
               | now they just leave them at your front door, and it
               | hasn't gone back.
        
               | teddyh wrote:
               | You get an email, SMS ("text message" for non-Europeans),
               | or a paper in your (physical) mailbox informing you that
               | you have a package waiting at such-and-such a place
               | (within walking distance if in a city), or there's a
               | reference to how you can choose your pickup spot from a
               | handful of options.
        
               | mminer237 wrote:
               | That's an option in the US, but going to Walgreens to
               | pick up every package is a much bigger hassle than just
               | opening your door. In very high-crime areas, that's what
               | people do (or get their own lockbox), but in most places
               | in the US trying to prevent the crime is still more
               | popular than trying to avoid it.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | In a city, porch piracy is a non-issue if you live in an
               | apartment building with a lobby. You can open the door to
               | the lobby remotely.
               | 
               | I wonder if a remotely openable porch-side "mail box"
               | would find a market.
        
           | dfee wrote:
           | Speaking of porch pirates, what are you going to do when a
           | porch pirate strikes your house? Take down their license
           | plate? Call the police?
           | 
           | I'm cynical, but I imagine it goes like this:
           | 
           | "Hello, this is 911, how can we help you?"
           | 
           | "I'd like to report a 39.99 board game stolen off my porch,
           | license plate ZXX-1234"
           | 
           | "Sir, this line is for emergencies. Have you filed a claim
           | with Amazon?"
           | 
           | Porch cameras drive mass paranoia. If you're not prepared to
           | act on the information yourself, you're just feeding your own
           | fear.
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | You post the image to Nextdoor and everyone comments on the
             | decline of western civilization and moves on with their
             | days.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | There is a non 911 phone number for contacting local police
             | if not in an emergency.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | True, but they're still not going to do anything about
               | your stolen package. You could have video evidence and a
               | license plate. Doesn't matter.
        
               | zirgs wrote:
               | A thief like that doesn't steal just one package.
               | Multiple thefts like that can easily add up to a felony
               | amount. This is why the theft still should be reported.
               | The cops won't look for that package specifically, but
               | they could bust that thief for something else.
        
             | cameronh90 wrote:
             | An Amazon driver left a parcel for me and didn't ring the
             | bell, then a few minutes later someone stole it. I ran
             | outside, chased them down and took it back.
             | 
             | The police took the report, but obviously they weren't
             | interested in coming out to take the details of the thief
             | or help me recover the package.
             | 
             | The doorbells also notify you of packages that have been
             | left outside and let you answer the door remotely, which
             | are both useful even if you can't go Blade Runner.
        
           | at_a_remove wrote:
           | Porch pirates and various vandals.
           | 
           | Of course, Rings are essentially worthless for vehicle
           | identification. You would need LPC (License Plate Capture)
           | cameras set up in two directions just for that. They aren't
           | even particularly good for facial identification.
           | 
           | Really, if you wanted something actionable, you would do what
           | I had seen someone else done, which was capture plates _and_
           | have the right cameras _and_ ... as the secret sauce, an IMEI
           | catcher, filtering out the usuals and highlighting who just
           | blasted past.
           | 
           | If it is one of the Kia Boys around here, they just get out
           | and re-offend.
        
         | jszymborski wrote:
         | People have been idly watching their neighbors since neighbors
         | have existed.
         | 
         | The problem becomes when a corporation begins filming most
         | neighborhoods and then handing it over to the cops w/o a
         | warrant.
         | 
         | As for the smacking of mouths, I'm glad certain norms have
         | changed.
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | Can esp32 have lan + poe ?
       | 
       | So that you are not relying on WiFi?
        
         | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
         | There are ESP32 boards with ethernet and PoE. This device[0]
         | uses one and it works very well.
         | 
         | I'm not aware of any ESP32 boards with a camera and ethernet
         | though, but I haven't gone looking on AliExpress either. It's a
         | reasonable combination, so I'd be surprised if it didn't exist.
         | 
         | [0] https://smartlight.me/smart-home-devices/zigbee-
         | devices/smli...
        
         | patmorgan23 wrote:
         | You can probably get a PoE hat/board but I don't think it's
         | built-in
        
       | nilsb wrote:
       | Doesn't the ESP32 have internal pull-up resistors, thereby making
       | that extra resistor unnecessary?
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | I wonder if the following would do the trick at line #47 [0]:
         | pin:           number: GPIO14           mode: INPUT_PULLDOWN
         | 
         | This is a suggestion based purely on two minutes of web search,
         | not on experience, though.
         | 
         | [0] https://github.com/thatguy-za/esp32-cam-
         | doorbell/blob/main/e...
        
         | blackfawn wrote:
         | The ESP32 does have internal pull-up and pull-down resistors on
         | certain pins. I believe GPIO14 on this board maps to GPIO22 on
         | the ESP32 chip (mismatched IO pin labels is bit of a pet peeve
         | for me!) which does have pull-up and pull-down resistors that
         | can be enabled. If it were me, I might tie the doorbell switch
         | button from GPIO0 to ground. This pin has a pull-up resistor as
         | it needs to be high to boot normally. So this has the added
         | benefit that you can hold the button in when you first power
         | the device to put it in flash mode, which also eliminates their
         | "Make sure to get one with a "flash/download/io0" button"
         | warning.
         | 
         | If you have an "old fashioned" 24VAC line, you could add a
         | rectifier and buck/step-down power module to drop that to 5VDC.
         | Or just unhook the 24VAC transformer and install a 5VDC one.
         | 
         | It would have been neat to see how much the RGB ring lighting
         | up white helps in no/low light cases. All in all, nice writeup!
        
         | dtgriscom wrote:
         | It's a pull-down resistor.
        
           | dewert wrote:
           | I believe there's also an INPUT_PULLDOWN option, at least on
           | some of the pins.
        
       | hnbad wrote:
       | Based on reviews I've seen, the Reolink doorbell camera seems to
       | be the only commercial option that fits the author's
       | requirements. It works locally and can be integrated into Home
       | Assistant. It does however require a separate app for the
       | intercom but the author's homegrown solution does not seem to
       | provide any audio communication and there doesn't seem to be a
       | way to have two-way audio in Home Assistant directly, at least
       | not via the camera protocol.
        
         | tamu_nerd wrote:
         | Amcrest makes one as well that supports local-only and
         | integrates with home assistant.
        
         | EthicalSimilar wrote:
         | UniFi Doorbell? It doesn't require a cloud connection and
         | remains local, can be integrated into HomeAssistant / Scrypted
         | / Homebridge.
        
           | nolan879 wrote:
           | UniFi doorbell requires a UniFi NVR, and maybe UniFi console/
           | AP. The non-pro doorbells require wifi. POE is only an option
           | on the with the Pro doorbells via a proprietary USB-C to POE
           | cable.
        
             | samch wrote:
             | I am currently using 2 of the G4 Pro doorbells. They are
             | direct PoE to my UDM-Pro SE without any adapters. The
             | recordings are stored locally and are private.
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | Your UDM-Pro-SE is where you run your Unifi Protect. I.e.
               | you need to have another device from the same vendor that
               | supports NVR functionality.
               | 
               | The above mentioned Reolink doorbell will happily run
               | with any NVR from any other vendor that supports relevant
               | standards (ONVIF). Or even without NVR (it has microsd
               | slot for local storage on device).
        
               | samch wrote:
               | My UDM-Pro-SE has a 12TB hard drive in it and acts as the
               | NVR itself without issues. I do not need any APs
               | (doorbells are direct wired PoE), and I do not need a
               | separate NVR.
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | Why not use a pi zero if you have it at hand?
        
         | matthewfelgate wrote:
         | Then you might be able to do two way audio and video so you can
         | speak to the person at the front door remotely.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | An MCU uses less power, is faster to start from a quiescent
         | state and typically is lower cost than hardware intended to
         | support a full operating system.
         | 
         | That said, there are some who flash Pi Zeroes as "bare metal"
         | or no operating system:
         | 
         | https://github.com/dwelch67/raspberrypi-zero
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | All I want for these IoT things is being non-cloud dependent and
       | PoE. I will run a billion wires before dealing with stupid
       | batteries that keep dying, and they're getting so expensive, too.
        
         | jmbwell wrote:
         | PoE ESP32 for DIY IoT, fyi:
         | 
         | Non-isolated:
         | https://www.olimex.com/Products/IoT/ESP32/ESP32-POE/open-sou...
         | 
         | Isolated: https://www.olimex.com/Products/IoT/ESP32/ESP32-POE-
         | ISO/open...
        
           | bacon_waffle wrote:
           | These little boards are great - I'd recommend the isolated
           | version for anything that might be referenced back to ground
           | potential.
           | 
           | We have one in an OpenEVSE, it's been ticking along no
           | problems for a couple years now. In that scenario, in theory
           | the PoE allows the ESP32 to detect if the EVSE breaker pops -
           | I've not had that happen, but it seemed like a worthwhile
           | feature to consider ;).
        
           | paco3346 wrote:
           | Awesome, I've been using the wESP (https://wesp32.com/) for
           | most things but I like the size (and price point) of these.
           | 
           | Granted, they fit different use cases as the wESP has more
           | I/O exposed but is quite a bit larger.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | I want solar powered. The doorbell probably gets pressed what,
         | once in 5 days? Cover the enclosure of that thing in solar
         | panels and have some super-capacitors for overnight power.
        
         | mostthingsweb wrote:
         | Can't help you with PoE, but Home Assistant is non-cloud by
         | default.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | I find Zigbee a great protocol for that. It runs locally
         | (doesn't even go on wifi), and the sensors last for years on a
         | coin cell.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Yeah, Zigbee works well.
           | 
           | The real killer is when you want to "do something physical"
           | in the real world _on batteries_ , like unlock a door, etc.
           | 
           | That nobody has come up with a powered doorjamb instead of
           | powered deadbolts is annoying; I'll have to build one myself
           | using something like
           | https://www.americanlocksets.com/hes-1006cdb-electric-
           | smart-...
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Ah, yeah, mechanical things require a lot of energy,
             | unfortunately.
             | 
             | That said, I'd love an ESP32 for Zigbee. I bought an H2,
             | but the documentation hasn't been good enough that I could
             | make it work.
        
         | mtreis86 wrote:
         | Yep. Running the wires once is a big pain but it is linear at
         | worst, more devices requires more wires, maybe even log growth
         | since you can branch at junction boxes that already exist.
         | Changing the batteries once a year is only a little pain, but
         | it adds up fast when you have dozens of them, and it takes
         | place routinely so it no better than linear growth.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The door lock not being able to unlock because the batteries
           | had died trying to keep marginal Wi-Fi operating was the
           | kicker for me. Very annoying.
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | Home infrastructure for power and data is due for a switch.
             | Copper is expensive, and running 120V at 15A everywhere is
             | really overkill with a 3w led bulb being blindingly bright
             | and needing dc. Electronics largely are all hooked to USB-c
             | chargers at this point. The poe to USB-c splitters are
             | largely 5v at this point, but poe can produce over 70W
             | depending on type, so it doesn't have to stay that way.
             | Ideally, daya could be bridged as well, plug in usb-c start
             | charging and it looks like a network adapter too. The
             | number of things that need more than 70w isn't that high.
             | Kitchen mostly. Bigger TVs. Real beefy laptops or desktop
             | computers. If they made a new POE standard that could
             | support USB PD3.1 you could run anything outside the
             | kitchen other than the a/c. That would probably mean a new
             | cable standard though. Even just as things stand, POE could
             | largely replace electrical wiring outside the kitchen.
        
               | nixgeek wrote:
               | Ring mains in UK are 230V and is a more frugal approach
               | to conductor usage, both because of higher voltage and
               | the wiring being a ring.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | You tea-lovers can also boil water electrically twice as
               | fast as we can, it's unfair. I've seriously considered
               | adding a UK-style 230v plug to the kitchen so I can use
               | an imported electric kettle.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | can you tap into your oven/stove 220v source? unless
               | you're boiling water non-stop while trying to bake the
               | thanksgiving turkey at the same time, there shouldn't be
               | an issue
        
               | Cerium wrote:
               | Most ways of doing that won't be to code. It would be
               | better to add it as a separate circuit.
        
               | dublinben wrote:
               | You can buy UL-certified commercial products that
               | intelligently split a 240V outlet to two different
               | loads.[0] They're popular in the EV community for
               | avoiding the cost of a dedicated circuit for charging.
               | 
               | [0] https://getneocharge.com/products/neocharge-smart-
               | splitter
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Code lets you do the weirdest things - you can't tap into
               | the oven circuit with a separate outlet, but you can
               | install a sub panel in place of the oven outlet, then run
               | two lines from the sub panel, one to the oven outlet, and
               | one to the kitchen plug.
               | 
               | All they care about is that you can't run more current
               | down a wire than it's rated for.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | My house is over a century old, nothing is to code
               | anyway. I'm wondering if I could get away with a 20A 120v
               | line meant for a microwave, and swap the neutral to the
               | other leg and wire it to a type e connector. Type e is
               | 16a so the current is fine, but the insulation was
               | intended to separate 120 not 240.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The insulation is rated for 600v almost certainly unless
               | you're running the original knob and tube, in which case
               | you have other issues to consider.
               | 
               | Each leg of 240 is only 120, so it'd probably work.
               | 
               | Don't do it! But if you do it make sure it's breakered
               | correctly and use a AFCI/GFCI combo breaker.
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | I went and asked an electrician. With a 240V 15A breaker
               | it is completely to code as long as there is absolutely
               | nothing else on the circuit. If there are lights or light
               | switches it is a no go, and if there are other outlets,
               | they would have to be either removed or swapped to the
               | type e outlet as well. I find it weird they don't have a
               | neutral ober there.
        
               | nixgeek wrote:
               | Hair straighteners and hairdryers also work better in the
               | UK than they do in the U.S. for the same reason.
               | 
               | We have some IEC 60309 outlets for IT/AV equipment
               | cabinets wired as 2P+E with both phases presented for
               | 240V (no neutral). You can get PDUs which are happy with
               | 200-250V, and the PSUs in a lot of servers and switches
               | are happy with 100-250V 50-60Hz.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | Our thermostats are 230V too, so stupid
        
               | vineyardmike wrote:
               | I'm working on building a home and have been
               | investigating this seriously. I want to put multiple POE
               | outlets in every room, and running them to places that
               | are common for automation (eg for cameras, motion
               | sensors, control displays, etc). I wish I could get wired
               | sensors for doors/windows but the pricing is honestly way
               | higher than just Zigbee with a battery once for factor in
               | wires in the walls and a centralized patch panel.
               | 
               | I never thought about converting POE to USBC-PD but that
               | would be a great thing to add to the "office" and
               | locations where someone may very occasionally want power
               | for a laptop (eg near couch, beds)
               | 
               | I'm exclusively using "normal" 120v outlets that also
               | have a 5v usb port on it, and placing extra where I can,
               | which is less crazy but still practical.
        
               | tikkabhuna wrote:
               | Ubiquiti are using PoE for almost everything. It's nice
               | to be able to run a network cable and have it power
               | cameras, wifi access points, switches, etc.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | I know they've had their ups/downs in terms of business
               | models and security (and product availabillity!) but I'm
               | moving almost fully to Unifi for that reason. I don't
               | want 120v power cords everywhere, I like the managed
               | aspect of it. Cat6 into either powered PoE switches or
               | PoE to PoE switches that are hard to reach so that
               | multiple nearby devices can be used is so nice.
        
               | conradev wrote:
               | Leviton already makes the power version of this in my
               | opinion:
               | 
               | https://www.leviton.com/en/products/residential/usb-
               | charger-...
               | 
               | Move the USB-C PD inverters to be integrated into the
               | outlets, instead of plugged in on top. I already did this
               | upgrade for all counter-height outlets in my kitchen, and
               | it's great!
               | 
               | The holy grail, of course, would be ethernet/data as
               | well, but that is far more cost prohibitive
        
               | bradstewart wrote:
               | Those are nice for reducing clutter (I have some), but
               | you're still running 120v on 12ga copper into every one
               | of them.
        
               | bloopernova wrote:
               | It's Big Wallwart, keeping us all down to prop up the
               | transformer industry!
               | 
               | More seriously, would there be any electrical or
               | interference issues with running usb-c power delivery
               | cables everywhere?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The problem with low-voltage is lengths. I don't know how
               | far USB-C _as such_ can reasonably go.
               | 
               | PoE, of course, can go as far as the ethernet (usually)
               | and so any future low-voltage system in homes will
               | probably be based on it (it's already used in some
               | commercial setups).
        
               | mtreis86 wrote:
               | The other problem is wire size, since the amps go up as
               | volts go down, and the heat generated in the wire is
               | proportional to the amps, not the watts.
               | 
               | So to carry the same power, a lower voltage wire has to
               | be thicker.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, the advantage is when the power usages is _way
               | below_ normal mains. We already see it (I have lights in
               | my kitchen that have one transformer connected to the
               | mains, and then all the rest of the wiring is low-
               | voltage).
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | There's a reason why you want higher voltages: to
               | minimize losses in conduits; i.e. you can move more
               | effectively 12W in 120V/0.1A rather than 12V/1A -- the
               | lower current, the lower resistance.
               | 
               | There are no 12V standards for wiring buildings, because
               | effectivity-wise, it make no sense. Even the above-
               | mentioned PoE is 48-56V (56V, so it can be 48V at the
               | other end of up to the 100m long cable). The 5-12-20V USB
               | PD is for relatively short cables, not for something that
               | goes around your house.
        
               | bloopernova wrote:
               | Thank you for the informative reply, Lord Patrician!
               | 
               | Is it straightforward to step down the voltage from PoE
               | to something that USB-C can use? My Forest M Mims
               | Electronics book sits unread and dusty in a box somewhere
               | so I'm not really able to interpret the schematics google
               | is showing me :/ (apologies for extra questions)
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | what's the difference in having a 120v->5v wall wart vs
               | 48v->5v one?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Usually it's inside the wall (you can do this with USB
               | outlets, too, which I recommend if you've already got
               | 120v power).
               | 
               | But people who are uncomfortable running mains will often
               | be fine running "low voltage" lines like ethernet.
        
               | vetinari wrote:
               | There are PoE-to-USBC adapters available; random pick on
               | Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B087F4QCTR (this one is
               | af, 5V/12W and plain USB; no at, no QC or PD. If you need
               | that, you will surely find it).
               | 
               | For DYI, there are dc-to-dc convertors available. Or do
               | you intent to build your own?
        
               | bloopernova wrote:
               | It was more for curiosity's sake, but it's really cool
               | that there's already converters. My project is very much
               | in the "hey it would be nice if" stage right now, but I'm
               | on the Python track at Exercism and want some "small"
               | projects lined up once I'm finished there.
               | 
               | The idea is: pull in a quick 3D sketch of a home. Place
               | (USB-C via PoE-power?) ESP32/Pi/Other devices at specific
               | points with very precise measurements between them. Use
               | them to determine the exact position in 3D house-space of
               | Bluetooth low energy beacons. Use that info to help my
               | very ADD wife find the things she loses. (because Tiles
               | often fail)
               | 
               | A lot of the code to calculate position from timings
               | already seems to be out there so I can cargo-cult things
               | over.
               | 
               | In a far-too-roundabout way, that sorta kinda answers
               | your question.
        
               | Ajedi32 wrote:
               | It's a shame LK-99 didn't pan out. Cheap superconducting
               | wire would have been awesome for this.
        
       | megraf wrote:
       | I'm currently running a very expensive PoE doorbell that I was
       | able to buy in 'AS-IS' condition to save some money. It's an Axis
       | Communications product.
       | 
       | I really love the ability to listen for ONVIF events; it expands
       | the flexibility of products like this because you can essentially
       | do whatever you want if you consume the events. There are even
       | ways to create custom events (for example, if someone covers the
       | camera lens with their hands, etc).
       | 
       | Home Assistant has excellent ONVIF support - I'd like to create a
       | wrapper of sorts around scripts (Boolean door open, door close
       | stuff) in order to get the native ONVIF events
        
       | acidburnNSA wrote:
       | Nice. I like the lights.
       | 
       | You can also slap a reed switch (e.g. a normal door open/close
       | sensor) near your dumb doorbell's magnetic coils that do the
       | ringer and have it send the info to home assistant.
       | 
       | I hooked a $0.50 reed switch up to my dumb doorbell and ran it to
       | a digital IO port on a ESP that's powered from the same power
       | source as the doorbell coils. When it senses a doorbell press, it
       | sends me an email snapshot from my local-only front door cam and
       | plays a recording of the doorbell chime on my upstairs stereo
       | (where otherwise I can't really hear the chime). Very convenient
       | and fun.
       | 
       | Originally, I tried monitoring voltage on the coils with the
       | analog input, but it was way too unreliable. The simpler reed
       | switch method of detecting current is rock solid.
        
         | rcarmo wrote:
         | I did exactly the same and use an Aqara Zigbee contact sensor
         | (which has a reed switch inside) inserted into the actual
         | doorbell (which has a convenient flat spot above the coil).
         | Works great.
        
           | acidburnNSA wrote:
           | Yes, this is the "consumer grade" version of this that
           | doesn't require any ESP programming or whatever. Easy and
           | simple, integrates with other hubs just fine. Brilliant.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | > You can also slap a reed switch (e.g. a normal door
         | open/close sensor) near your dumb doorbell's magnetic coils
         | 
         | > The simpler reed switch method of detecting current is rock
         | solid.
         | 
         | That's really clever! I'm gonna try that. Thanks for sharing.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > same power source as the doorbell coils
         | 
         | Beautiful thinking. I wonder what other obscure sources for
         | voltage in a house could be used? The HVAC head unit, analog
         | telephone, ...
         | 
         |  _The POTS [(Plain Old Telephone Service)] phone line, with all
         | phones on-hook, should measure around 48 volts DC. This drops
         | down to the 3 to 9 volt range when a telephone on the line goes
         | off-hook. An off-hook telephone typically draws about 20
         | milliamps of DC current to operate, at a DC resistance around
         | 180 ohms. The remaining voltage drop occurs over the copper
         | wire path and over the telephone company circuits where there
         | is usually 200 to 400 ohms of series resistance to protect from
         | short circuits and decouple the audiocircuits._
         | 
         | https://www.jkaudio.com/article_03.htm
        
           | westurner wrote:
           | If the POTS cables daisy-chained between the telephone jacks
           | _after the telco 's box_ are 4-pair Ethernet, there are 8
           | wires between each receptacle/port less 2 wires for each
           | phone line. If only one phone line has ever been connected
           | and there are 4pair (Ethernet,) cables between the phone
           | jacks, there are 3 spare wire pairs that could be connected
           | in a local private closed loop in order to carry (modulated)
           | DC voltage for other applications; though you'd need to put
           | like a thermal sticker label after the box and behind/on all
           | the phone jacks to warn about the voltage (which is a
           | presumed risk when handling 4pair cabling as an installer, as
           | a (demo) contractor, as a future occupant)
           | 
           | Gigabit Ethernet uses all 4 pairs for data, so _Gigabit_ PoE
           | and faster must have data _+power_ on one or more pairs.
           | 
           | From https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet :
           | 
           | > _In addition to standardizing existing practice for spare-
           | pair (Alternative B), common-mode data pair power
           | (Alternative A) and 4-pair transmission (4PPoE), the IEEE PoE
           | standards provide for signaling between the power sourcing
           | equipment (PSE) and powered device (PD). This signaling
           | allows the presence of a conformant device to be detected by
           | the power source, and allows the device and source to
           | negotiate the amount of power required or available while
           | avoiding damage to non-compatible devices._
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | Do you have problems with reed switches getting stuck? I've had
         | fantastic luck with hall sensors for this purpose, but maybe I
         | was just looking at low quality reed switches.
        
           | acidburnNSA wrote:
           | Never, at least that I've noticed. I guess it'd be hard to
           | tell if I missed any doorbell rings technically.
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | No, in the cases that I'm talking about it gets stuck in
             | one position. If you google "reed switch stuck" you'll see
             | what I'm talking about. I figured that a hall sensor has no
             | moving parts so it should last essentially forever.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | When contacts, including reed switches, normal switches,
           | relays, etc, get stuck, it usually is because of sparks due
           | to voltage spikes that weld the contacts together. this
           | happens when contacts are used with high currents/voltages
           | and/or inductive loads, and can be avoided using so called
           | snubber networks.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snubber
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | Ah, that's interesting. So for OP's purpose it will likely
             | run indefinitely since there's essentially zero load.
        
       | beAbU wrote:
       | It's interesting how in some places in the world the presence of
       | a doorbell is so important that there's a need to make it
       | "smart". The success of smart doorbell products demonstrates this
       | need nicely.
       | 
       | I have no doorbell. If a visitor does not know how to get hold of
       | me or the other inhabitants of my property, then they probably
       | have no business being there in the first place.
       | 
       | I am not alone in this. Most people in my street are the same
       | (based on my very unscientific study last week while out on a
       | walk), and probably most of my city is like this (again, based on
       | my own unscientific study)
        
         | e28eta wrote:
         | I think some demand for smart doorbells is to handle the
         | "unknown visitor" problem: notify the homeowner that someone is
         | at the door even when they're away from home, and the ability
         | to disguise that the house is unoccupied.
        
           | gh02t wrote:
           | Also lets you tell when people approach the door but don't
           | ring, especially if you have some kind of person detection
           | going. My mailman drops stuff on the porch all the time and
           | never bothers to ring the doorbell which is annoying, but I
           | get a little beep and a thumbnail inside from my home
           | automation platform to let me know someone was on the porch.
           | 
           | Plus generally having a recording of your front porch area is
           | useful for security. I've been able to pull video recordings
           | of stuff to prove/disprove things happened, for instance when
           | the mailman ran over a bunch of stuff in my front yard and
           | drove off.
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | > I have no doorbell. If a visitor does not know how to get
         | hold of me or the other inhabitants of my property, then they
         | probably have no business being there in the first place.
         | 
         | Sounds pretty cold. I've had neighbors come over to introduce
         | themselves, some even with welcoming gifts when we bought the
         | house and moved in. I'd hate to just shut myself out of the
         | society like that.
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | Our houses in the UK are so small that a knock usually
         | suffices.
         | 
         | Doorbells feel anachronistic. Barely anyone on my street has
         | one!
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | Do you never order any packages off the internet? Or receive
         | certified mail from the tax authority? The reason smart
         | doorbells in particular have taken off is that it's an easy
         | place to tap into a power source that's already available
         | outside of the home.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | The delivery person has my number, because it's on my order /
           | courier waybill. They typically phone me. I have a fence, so
           | my door is not accessible from the street for a knock.
           | 
           | I have a postbox at my local post office. My official mailing
           | address points there. My tax authorty and (and all other
           | governmental or official correspondence for that matter) is
           | sent via email. I get almost no paper mail these days, and
           | most of what I do get is junk.
        
       | yardie wrote:
       | ESP32 is such a rabbit hole. I have so many projects using or in
       | development with them. And now I have another one to keep in
       | mind. Thanks OP!
        
         | styluss wrote:
         | Which ones are you building?
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | LED strip light controller. The cheap ones have none or
           | limited integration with most HA platforms and I can't
           | justify spending on the more expensive ones just to add
           | Homekit.
           | 
           | AQ monitor. I work indoors a lot and I think the migraines
           | I've been getting might be caused by dust, VOCs, or
           | pollutants. So will be good to back that with some data.
           | 
           | Robots. Lots and lots of robots. Some roll. Some walk. None
           | of them do anything useful. :-)
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Here's my RGB (not WS2812) strip controller, for
             | inspiration: https://gitlab.com/stavros/gamelights
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | This is awesome and much appreciated. I'm still
               | prototyping on a breadboard but now I've got something to
               | build off of. Grazie!
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Prego! If your LEDs are WS2812, they're much easier to
               | build for, but a high-amperage 5V power supply is harder
               | to find.
        
       | seized wrote:
       | I wired the normal doorbell button to a Zooz ZEN17 (Zwave smart
       | relay with additional inputs). That's paired with ZwaveJS which
       | sends out MQTT messages on button pushes. That triggers Node-Red
       | which pulls a screenshot off from separate front door security
       | camera and sends that to my phone and the wives phone using
       | Pushover.
       | 
       | Keep meaning to get around to Frigate for smarter alerts as well,
       | for people detection.
        
       | Escapado wrote:
       | One of the comments on this site pointed out performance issues
       | with the esp32. I never worked with IoT devices or these boards
       | but I would like to dabble since they are relatively inexpensive
       | but it got me to look up and find out that the esp32 is
       | manufactured in a 40nm process node. Are there like newer
       | iterations with more performance at similar power budgets
       | manufactured at more advanced nodes?
        
         | Max-q wrote:
         | 2 cores of 240 MHz RISC is quite powerful. 40nm is not bad for
         | microcontrollers. For example, the competing nRF52 series from
         | Nordic is made on 55nm process.
        
         | gh02t wrote:
         | Not really. There are newer iterations of the chips (including
         | RISCV and Zigbee/Thread versions) but you won't see drastic
         | performance/power improvements. Performance limitations are par
         | for the course for this segment of the market, it's the
         | tradeoff you make. There are also better SoC families that can
         | get you a better tradeoff, but there aren't many as friendly to
         | hobbyists as the ESP32. Maybe Nordic, or going into something
         | more like a small SBC like the Pi Zero?
         | 
         | That said the ESP32 is _far_ more powerful than you need for
         | the vast majority of home automation type devices, it 's only a
         | handful of more intensive tasks like streaming video or ML
         | where you start to run into issues. Even then you can often
         | still do quite a lot if you're clever.
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | Is ESP32 "privacy friendly"? Is its firmware fully open source
       | and contains no backdoors?
        
         | chaxor wrote:
         | Block it at the router level to allow only LAN?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > Is [Espressif] firmware fully open source and contains no
         | backdoors?
         | 
         | Their SDK is Apache licensed but does include some compiled
         | radio-frequency stuff: https://github.com/espressif/esp32-wifi-
         | lib/tree/master/esp3...
        
         | jan_Sate wrote:
         | What would be a good alternative that doesn't have binary blob
         | tho?
        
         | dewert wrote:
         | While I get your point, I think it's a case of the perfect
         | being the enemy of the good. This project is miles away from
         | being a Ring doorbell.
         | 
         | I guess the author found the ease of use of an ESP32 to be an
         | acceptable tradeoff (or didn't consider its firmware to be a
         | problem). Others may feel differently, and can modify their
         | build accordingly.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | The ESP32 can barely do what you want it to, let alone also run
         | a yet undetected meaningful backdoor which will impact your
         | privacy.
        
           | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
           | And even if it did run a backdoor, you've got all of your
           | cameras on an isolated VLAN which can't access the internet
           | (or anything else), right?
        
       | FloatArtifact wrote:
       | What a cool project. ESP 32 cameras can be produce a pretty poor
       | quality picture. It would be helpful to have a picture from the
       | doorbell at full resolution on the blog
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-08-15 23:00 UTC)