[HN Gopher] We need scientific dissidents
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       We need scientific dissidents
        
       Author : Georgelemental
       Score  : 328 points
       Date   : 2023-08-11 23:32 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chronicle.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chronicle.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | vGPU wrote:
       | The problem being that scientific dissidents are always attacked
       | with "the science is settled", "trust the science", "conspiracy
       | theorist", etc.
       | 
       | See: ongoing statin controversy. Pretty much every drug related
       | to diabetes. The discovery of the Benadryl-dementia link. Etc.
       | 
       | The science is never settled. That's the whole point of science:
       | it's constantly evolving.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | The problem is that "scientific dissident" is a meaningless
         | term. You _must_ be a dissident to be a scientist. If you
         | already believe you know everything, then there's no need to
         | engage in the process of experimentation, recording, and
         | ultimately discovery. As Feynman put it, "Science is the belief
         | in the ignorance of experts."
         | 
         | "The science is settled" is a marketing term put forward by
         | administrations that wish to manipulate the will of it's
         | citizens. It's an inappropriate idea from an inappropriate
         | place with inappropriate ends.
        
           | tbalsam wrote:
           | Dissidence != Appropriate scientific skepticism.
           | 
           | I believe appropriate skepticism is part of being a skilled
           | scientist, being a dissident is part of being a noisy
           | scientist. These two do not always correlate with each other.
           | 
           | That said, standing up when it is right is a good thing. But
           | the above is similar to reasoning that I hear from a more
           | anarchic political view, and I do not generally agree with
           | that way of handling issues or doing science.
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | I think there's a pretty big difference between "this is what
           | our knowledge of medicine and most experts in the field are
           | telling us to do now and it's the best answer we have so
           | we're going to do it until the consensus in the medical
           | community changes" and "the science is settled". Nobody was
           | trying to manipulate the "will of the citizens". Everyone in
           | the medical and public health field was trying to prevent
           | mass casualties and complete collapse of the healthcare
           | system to the best of their ability using the knowledge they
           | had. Not being able to discredit random morons commenting on
           | the situation with absolutely no expertise is an insane take.
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | > As Feynman put it, "Science is the belief in the ignorance
           | of experts."
           | 
           | The lived experience of a recent Nobel prize winner is
           | illustrative here.
           | 
           | > In April 1982, Shechtman spotted an odd atomic arrangement
           | through his electron microscope at Johns Hopkins University:
           | A crystal of aluminum and manganese arranged with pentagonal
           | symmetry. It was thought to be impossible -- five sides do
           | not a perfectly repeatable structure make. The laws of nature
           | held that the atoms in a solid could be arranged in an
           | amorphous, blob-like pattern, or organized with symmetrical
           | periodicity into crystals. Shechtman saw something that fit
           | neither category.
           | 
           | https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-10/chemist-
           | accus...
           | 
           | You would think a scientist holding physical proof from an
           | electron microscope that atoms can arrange themselves in a
           | way that had not been previously recognized would be able to
           | share the discovery without being targeted by the "experts".
           | 
           | > He told his colleagues what he'd seen and they laughed him
           | off, he said in an interview earlier this year. He was
           | eventually asked to leave his research group for "bringing
           | disgrace" to its members, he told the Ha'aretz in April.
           | 
           | Two years later, he finally published his findings, yet the
           | skepticism remained -- and it remained bitter, as the AFP
           | explains it. The famous American chemist Linus Pauling once
           | declared at a conference: "Danny Shechtman is talking
           | nonsense. There is no such thing as quasicrystals, only
           | quasi-scientists".
           | 
           | https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-10/chemist-
           | accus...
           | 
           | Nope. He was attacked by world famous scientific "experts"
           | including a double Nobel laureate and fired from his job,
           | despite presenting proof that what he was reporting was real.
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | And the beauty of science is that despite all that human
             | drama and our inability to live up to our best standards,
             | the _is_ a fact of the matter that eventually people will
             | recognize, given enough time and false starts.
             | 
             | You can forget a scentific knowledge and somebody in the
             | future may stumble in the same thing. The same can't be
             | said of other human activities
        
         | Loquebantur wrote:
         | If you were right, scientific knowledge would be inexistent and
         | scientific opinion meaningless.
         | 
         | To come to an agreement among experts just like among anyone
         | else one has to adhere to some obvious(?) rules.
         | 
         | Everybody having their own opinion without sound arguments
         | validated by others leads to a useless cacophony.
        
           | b59831 wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Hmm... try that on HN, even with sources and quoting verbatim,
         | if you don't fall in the party ideological echo-chamber, you
         | _will_ be flagged. Science be damned. Dissent be damned.
         | 
         | This is the worst aspect of HN and the most ironic one. It's
         | impossible to claim HN is a place for rational arguments.
        
       | toomim wrote:
       | Can someone explain why this article is being flagged?
        
         | xqcgrek2 wrote:
         | Ironic, isn't it.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Usually when the [flagged] marker appears, it's a combination
         | of users who feel that the story is offtopic for HN (perhaps
         | because it has already led to a lot of repetition and
         | flamewars), and users who disagree with the article for
         | ideological or political reasons.
        
           | undefinedland wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | How can we instead defend the legitimacy of a submission?
        
             | mauvia wrote:
             | Users with high karma get access to a "vouch" button.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | You had me find an old post of Sam Altman as I searched
               | information about "vouch":
               | https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/two-hn-announcements/
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | For comments, not for posts.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | If you think something valuable has been improperly
             | flagged, you can mail hn@yc. What you shouldn't do is
             | complain on the thread that it's been improperly flagged,
             | because the meta argument you'll start by doing that will
             | just make the story drop faster. Front page real estate is
             | scarce, and the site is rigged to find every reason to push
             | things off it to make way for the next valuable story.
        
           | toomim wrote:
           | Interesting. Thanks.
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | I think it's because people flag articles that start the same
         | tired, tired arguments that we see everywhere else on the
         | internet.
        
           | claytongulick wrote:
           | Because it somehow makes sense to flag a conversation so that
           | others who may _want_ to participate can 't do so, because
           | the flagger is tired of it?
           | 
           | Instead of the flagger just reading something else?
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | Maybe these hypothetical people want to keep this site
             | different? Or maybe I'm overthinking things again.
        
               | claytongulick wrote:
               | That's a valid reason for flagging political flamebait
               | stuff, sure. There are guidelines here.
               | 
               | But just because you're tired of a subject?
               | 
               | Others aren't all the same age and experience, and maybe
               | haven't had a chance to discuss or explore what our
               | hypothetical flagger is bored with.
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | nope, they flagged it overthere too.
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | Maybe lots and lots of people are tired of the same
             | arguments?
        
       | didibus wrote:
       | The thing is, policy and policymaking and the responsibility of
       | policymakers all bring about different dimensions from pure
       | scientific inquiry.
       | 
       | For example, it's probably best that we learn later that it
       | actually was a lab leak from China. Because during a global
       | pandemic, making China an enemy, when you're trying to all
       | collaborate on dealing with the problem, maybe is not good
       | policy.
       | 
       | Similarly, masks might be a toss up, but you make a decision on
       | policy and you commit on the gamble.
       | 
       | Causing unnecessary panic also doesn't help. We saw that a lot of
       | people kind of lost it, conspiracy theories exploded, now some of
       | those theories might be legitimate, the scientific method could
       | evaluate them one by one, it would take time, but in the
       | meantime, people might act irrationally and cause more harm from
       | a hypothesis. So maybe you try and not bring it up. As not to
       | cause more concern that isn't productive.
       | 
       | And I think true censorship is terrible here, but something
       | that's more a toning down of certain theories that are not really
       | doing any good and causing panic, doubts, distrust, etc.
       | 
       | Keep the information available if someone searches for it, but
       | maybe don't let it get promoted and fed to more people, until a
       | more appropriate time comes, and it's now had time to develop
       | more evidence, etc.
       | 
       | This whole area around policymaking is much more of an imperfect
       | art, it's not science, it's more similar to a betting market, it
       | makes bets, as leadership, and hopes that it leads people into
       | the right outcome.
       | 
       | But I agree, there's a fine line, you also don't want to swallow
       | alternate hypothesis that might end up proving to be the truth.
       | It's a difficult balance to be honest.
        
         | MrPatan wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | You and people like you destroyed free speech and destroyed
         | whatever trust was left in science, medicine, governments and
         | media.
         | 
         | It sure wasn't worth it for a bunch of maybes "maybe China
         | wouldn't have collaborated" (also, collaborate how? They
         | didn't, they don't).
         | 
         | There is a reason why these freedoms are absolute and non-
         | negotiable: Even when you think you have a good reason to
         | violate them, you're wrong.
         | 
         | Don't break stuff that works, you're not smart enough to put it
         | back together.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please make your substantive points within the site
           | guidelines and especially please don't cross into personal
           | attack.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | MrPatan wrote:
             | Fair enough. Can't delete or edit this one anymore, ah
             | well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | MrPatan wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | That line of thinking destroyed free speech and destroyed
         | whatever trust was left in science, medicine, governments and
         | media.
         | 
         | Was it worth it for a bunch of maybes? "maybe China wouldn't
         | have collaborated" (also, collaborate how? They didn't, they
         | don't).
         | 
         | There is a reason why these freedoms are absolute and non-
         | negotiable: Even when people think they have a good reason to
         | violate them, they're wrong.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | > and destroyed whatever trust was left in science, medicine,
           | governments and media
           | 
           | If you can't distinguish between science, medicine, media and
           | government policies, there's little we can do.
           | 
           | People need to have basic understanding and the ability to
           | differentiate and not mix up and conflate everything.
           | 
           | If you're getting your scientific data from headlines, for-
           | profit media outlets, opportunistic politicians, or
           | podcasters and what not.
           | 
           | This isn't the same as scientific dissidents.
           | 
           | Do we need more political dissidents? Maybe that's the better
           | topic here.
           | 
           | > There is a reason why these freedoms are absolute and non-
           | negotiable: Even when people think they have a good reason to
           | violate them, they're wrong
           | 
           | Those freedoms are actually not absolute, and are negotiable.
           | I understand that you would want them to be absolute and are
           | a freedom of speech absolutist. But don't claim that they are
           | currently absolute.
           | 
           | So in fact, we might ask ourselves, why aren't they currently
           | implemented in an absolute framework in any country not even
           | the US?
           | 
           | Now, to be frank, I'll admit the possibility that maybe an
           | absolute freedom of speech is better, but I also recognize
           | certain dangers with it that might want to put a few little
           | caveats to protect from misinformation, abuse, hatred,
           | defamation, fear mongering, incitement of violence, etc.
           | 
           | And I don't know which is truly best.
           | 
           | My point though is that, when making policies, these concerns
           | come into the picture, where they do not in a purely
           | scientific framework.
           | 
           | Because when making policies, you also need to ask yourself:
           | 
           | 1. Could this cause a panic
           | 
           | 2. Could this hurt our collective effort to fight off the
           | virus
           | 
           | 3. Could this cause unrest that would just add to the pile of
           | problems we already face
           | 
           | 4. Could it just distract us and lead us towards a dead end
           | 
           | 5. Is there a solid evidence base or data to support this
           | 
           | 6. How might international implications or considerations
           | affect it
           | 
           | And so on.
        
             | MrPatan wrote:
             | > If you can't distinguish between science, medicine, media
             | and government policies, there's little we can do.
             | 
             | I surely can. And this thing you say has nothing to do with
             | what I said, which is that they destroyed completely trust
             | in all of those institutions.
             | 
             | I don't know what you're arguing for, all of those things
             | you list happened because of the desire to ignore the
             | actual science and common sense in favor of preferred
             | policies.
             | 
             | 1 They caused a panic
             | 
             | 2 They didn't fight off the virus very well
             | 
             | 3 There was unrest, there is still unrest, and to all those
             | problems, add that people don't trust science, medicine,
             | governments or media
             | 
             | 4 The policies enacted kind of were a dead end? A waste of
             | 2 years for little benefit?
             | 
             | 5 There was none. No studies, no data, no previous
             | experience.
             | 
             | 6 It came out anyway and thanks to point 3, all the
             | goodwill is gone.
             | 
             | I don't know, apply those standards to the course taken?
             | What conclusion do you reach? That everything would be much
             | worse otherwise?
             | 
             | So that's my point. The "clever" policies are going to fail
             | anyway and now nobody trusts the people who pushed them.
             | 
             | It's not difficult: Don't lie. And whoever feels the need
             | to censor people who disagree with them, well, I don't need
             | to check if they're lying anymore.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | >For example, it's probably best that we learn later that it
         | actually was a lab leak from China
         | 
         | I think a lot of anti-mask people would have taken it much more
         | seriously if they knew it was essentially a man-made
         | bioweapon(gain of function research to make it spread more). So
         | knowing it was a lab leak early would have helped the response
         | quite a bit
        
         | zmgsabst wrote:
         | This presumes you're smart enough to make good policy choices
         | absent honest debate and that you can enact policies
         | effectively without public buy-in through authoritarian means.
         | 
         | Both assumptions are untrue -- and we're only beginning to see
         | the consequences of the institutional failures. Eg, why does
         | excess death remain high in Western Europe but not Eastern
         | Europe? -- why is only Eastern Europe showing the decline in
         | mortality we'd normally see after a pandemic?
         | 
         | Policy choices -- based on lies, manipulation, and force.
        
           | didibus wrote:
           | Policies are shaped through a democratic process where
           | leaders, elected by all of us, make choices based on
           | sometimes confidential info. Their powers are balanced, by a
           | representative republic, with laws and regular check-ins.
           | Disagree? Vote 'em out!
           | 
           | We assume that we elected smart officials, that will engage
           | in honest debates, and discuss with experts first.
           | 
           | Some policies may not vibe with you, but others are on board.
           | It's not all about science; decisions factor in global stuff,
           | potential chaos, and even sanitizer-in-veins scenarios.
           | 
           | It's not based on lies, manipulation and force, it's based on
           | the rules of a democratic, representative, republic.
        
             | zmgsabst wrote:
             | A few points:
             | 
             | 1. Not restricting communication is a law, that they
             | violated repeatedly in this process.
             | 
             | 2. Democratic process doesn't consist purely of elections,
             | but a continuous public debate for the purposes of reaching
             | communal consensus and informing representatives of our
             | collective will -- and that fundamental democratic process
             | was subverted.
             | 
             | 3. This absolutely was done with lies (eg, Pfizer never
             | tested for preventing transmission and public health
             | officials outright lied), manipulation (eg, preventing
             | scientific experts from communicating their views with the
             | public through government censorship), and force (eg,
             | mandates that coerced people to take experimental medical
             | treatments in violation of the Nuremberg standards).
             | 
             | There have always been some people who happily cooperate
             | with authoritarians subverting liberal society -- that they
             | did so now tells us nothing.
             | 
             | We're only beginning to see the reckoning for those
             | failures.
        
       | 6510 wrote:
       | on the lunatic bin that is sci.physics on usenet there one time
       | was a cooperative effort making a list of topics (in any field)
       | forbidden to research. I much regret not saving a copy. It was
       | insanely long.
       | 
       | I want to say most of it was wrong but who am I to judge? One
       | could say it was all wrong, it was the whole point of the
       | exercise.
       | 
       | The discussion pretended everything was astrology. What is there
       | to fear from researching the relationship between peoples
       | personality and the position of the stars at their birth? Does it
       | enrage you? What if they find something? Would you deny it
       | foaming from the mouth? Based on what?
        
         | jackmott42 wrote:
         | Astrology I would mostly be sad at the money and effort wasted.
         | Also I would expect the research would be bad and claim
         | positive results that were wrong but popular media would spread
         | it and the world would become a little dumber. Which does have
         | consequences, it isn't harmless.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > What is there to fear from researching the relationship
         | between peoples personality and the position of the stars at
         | their birth
         | 
         | That's not the core belief of astrology.
         | 
         | There very likely are correlations between personality and the
         | season (or even month) of their birth, which for a given
         | hemisphere will correlate strongly to stellar positions.
         | Regular science would not be surprised to discover that (and
         | maybe already has).
         | 
         | Astrology goes way beyond that, because it is fundamentally
         | predicated on the idea that there is a _causal link_ between
         | stellar arrangement and personality, despite no mechanism being
         | proposed, and despite the problem that the correlations in real
         | life appear exceedingly weak (especially when considering
         | northern /southern hemisphere issues.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > "The larger problem with all of this is the inability to
       | discuss things that are within the realm of possibility without
       | falling into absolutes and litmus-testing each other for our
       | political allegiances as it arose from that."
       | 
       | I miss Jon Stewart.
        
         | finite_depth wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | metalspot wrote:
           | Pharmaceutical Company: Vaccines are safe and effective
           | 
           | Concerned Parent: Then why do you need immunity from product
           | liability laws to sell them?
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | By crackpot you mean tabloids which are then amplified by
           | journalists as low hanging fruit for driving rage induced
           | engagement.
        
           | hotdogscout wrote:
           | "Crackpot" in your situation is factually correct.
           | 
           | I took the vaccine knowing the risks, I don't know why
           | someone should be humiliated as a "crackpot" for voicing
           | those concerns.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | "voicing concerns" ... a variant on "just asking
             | questions".
             | 
             | The problem is voicing concerns in a way that deliberately
             | sidesteps the efforts and explanations of the, if you like,
             | mainstream scientific community regarding why those
             | concerns are misplaced, wrong or simply exaggerated. You
             | voice concerns, concerns are addressed in various way,
             | someone else or you revoices the concerns.
             | 
             | Now, of course, you can argue that your concerns have not
             | been addressed. But that requires a new "voicing", one that
             | takes into consideration the way that others sought to
             | address your concerns. If you simply restate your concerns,
             | you're not behaving in good faith, and after some point,
             | "being humiliated as a crackpot" starts to look
             | appropriate.
             | 
             | It is true, for example, that an asteroid could hit earth
             | at any time, and quite easily wipe out most life on the
             | planet. That is an absolutely true statement. It is
             | probably even worth doing a little bit to try to reduce or
             | mitigate the risks associated.
             | 
             | But continuing to insist that everyone needs to rearrange
             | their way of thinking about life, the universe and
             | everything based on this true statement, that this is the
             | only way to think about asteroids and the risks of
             | collision, that everyone who points out the demonstrable
             | interval between planetary-scale asteroid collisions is
             | hiding the truth - that's all pretty problematic.
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | What are you hoping to accomplish by labeling someone you
               | think is acting in bad faith to be deserving of
               | humiliation?
               | 
               | I've never met an irrational person that acts the way you
               | describe. They'll usually go quiet (if you engage in
               | debate and address all their points), shut down and then
               | subsequently repeat the same affirmations.
               | 
               | My reaction to someone being humiliated is to listen to
               | them a lot more carefully than I would otherwise, because
               | more often than not in history these are the people that
               | could drive our morality in the future.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Sometimes you do indeed just want them to go quiet, at
               | least in one or more particular contexts.
               | 
               | And yes, many humiliations are unjustified and counter-
               | productive. But so is a refusal to engage with an actual
               | argument and/or a refusal to engage in falsification.
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | You may never convince someone to be rational but you may
               | convince the interlocutors.
               | 
               | Otherwise you're creating martyrs. Everyone has a valid
               | point, even flat earthers.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/f8DQSM-b2cc
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I don't agree with Sabine. What I do agree with are the
               | scientists near the end of the flat earth documentary
               | (the one where the flat earthers' own experiments fail,
               | but they can't take it in) who say that we should be
               | trying to harness and (gently) direct the clear
               | _scientific_ curiosity that flat earthers have.
               | 
               | That is, they have no point at all, but they do have
               | curiosity, and we should welcome and nurture that.
        
             | fasterik wrote:
             | Because the concerns around vaccines are rarely
             | proportional to the risks. For example, the likelihood of
             | getting myocarditis from the vaccine is 1 in 15,000. That
             | is roughly the same as the likelihood of being struck by
             | lightning at least once during your life. You also have a 1
             | in 10,000 chance of dying in a car crash in any given year.
             | I doubt the people who are so worried about the vaccine are
             | going around worrying about driving a car or being struck
             | by lightning, and even if they were, it wouldn't be
             | rational to do so.
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | They still have not presented a lie or an irrational
               | thought by pointing out these risks.
               | 
               | I don't think it's productive to assume someone is
               | irrational and stupid by association.
               | 
               | Lottery tickets are an accepted fact of life despite
               | being just as stupid.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | _> They still have not presented a lie or an irrational
               | thought by pointing out these risks._
               | 
               | That's not true. In the context of these discussions, the
               | risks are almost always brought up as evidence that you
               | shouldn't get vaccinated, or at least that we should
               | seriously question the vaccines.
               | 
               | To see why it's irrational, we just have to compare the
               | probability of dying from the vaccine to the probability
               | of dying from COVID unvaccinated. The data overwhelmingly
               | support getting vaccinated.
               | 
               |  _> I don't think it's productive to assume someone is
               | irrational and stupid by association._
               | 
               | I never called anyone stupid. Smart people are irrational
               | all the time. Irrationality means having beliefs that
               | aren't in your own interest or that contradict your other
               | beliefs.
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | I concede this is a thought experiment that rarely
               | happens in real life because yes, most people do use
               | these data points to support something other than "risks
               | exist".
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | This is the wrong take. There was science on both sides. The side
       | that "wins" has the political backing. More news organizations
       | need to back of the politics and debate the science.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | Is "there was science on both sides" the new "there are very
         | fine people on both sides?"
        
           | zer8k wrote:
           | It's not conspiracy to note many actual qualified scientists
           | were barred from making any claims contrary to the official
           | stance. As we witnessed in late 2021, 2022 these same
           | scientists went from pariahs to the tip of the spear when the
           | government let up it's censorship program. There are cases
           | being heard right now against major social media companies on
           | their collusion with government officials to push a
           | narrative. Unfortunately, these scientists could only be
           | heard on legitimate conspiracy platforms, thereby undermining
           | their credibility further with the public despite the USG
           | promoting it's own flavor of misinformation via the 4th
           | branch.
           | 
           | For all of 2020 "science" was "agreeing with the dominant
           | viewpoint" rather than "questioning everything, gathering
           | evidence, and presenting contrary views".
           | 
           | You'd have to have had your head in the sand the last few
           | years to miss how quickly the narrative opened up. It was
           | dizzying. It would appear once the media found a new darling
           | (the Ukraine war) the silencing of dissent in science slowly
           | let up as well.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Nobody much cares about insider vs outsider science with just
       | theoretical consequences.
       | 
       | It's the intersection with society and government action which
       | motivates people. Sometimes yes, outsider science "matters"
       | because what it's doing is confronting decisions of consequence.
       | 
       | In classic left-vs-right politics, it's almost always about
       | something other than the science part. Nobody pushing bleach into
       | their veins was dissident scientist as I see it.
        
       | wesapien wrote:
       | There are dissidents but power corrupted the scientific
       | community. There's no price to being wrong for powerful people.
       | 
       | Recent relevant take: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5Ve8PnHHT4
        
       | matt123456789 wrote:
       | | sed 's/scientific //g'
        
       | bsder wrote:
       | The problem is that too many in the US define "scientific
       | dissident" as "Willing to extol my positions even in the face of
       | a mountain of contrary evidence."
       | 
       | Which would be fine, except for the fact that these people can do
       | _great harm_.
       | 
       | For example, measles was declared _gone_ from the US in 2000. And
       | now it 's back because "anti-vax" is considered a valid
       | "scientific dissent" (and note this is not just MAGAs--the Marin
       | dippy-hippies are just as bad). Even in spite of the fact that
       | the people involved in the anti-vax movement were exposed as
       | charlatans.
       | 
       | The scientfic community learned the hard way from anti-vax that
       | if you don't stomp the ever living shit out of the charlantans
       | hard, fast and immediately, you will wind up stuck with the
       | aftermath.
       | 
       | So, now they immediately circle the wagons and start attacking
       | any time something gives off even a _whiff_ of heading into the
       | wingnuts.
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | I haven't seen anti-vax being considered "scientific dissent."
         | 
         | Science is about evaluating theories; not being "for" or
         | "against" anything.
         | 
         | Any group that is "pro-X" or "anti-Y" is not a scientific group
         | --it's a political group. Anti-vax is a political group. Not a
         | scientific dissent group. Scientific dissent is when people say
         | "X is not true" or "Y is true."
        
           | logicchains wrote:
           | Anti-vax isn't a term anti-vaxers came up with themselves,
           | it's a term pro-vaxers came up with as a pejorative term for
           | anyone who questions the safety of any vaccine. People who
           | only questioned the covid vaccine and were fine with other
           | vaccines were still smeared as anti-vax, even though the
           | COVID vaccines were qualitatively different from all other
           | vaccines in practically every way possible.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | > it's a term pro-vaxers came up with as a pejorative term
             | for anyone who questions the safety of any vaccine.
             | 
             | Anti-vax predates Covid and goes back at least to the fraud
             | committed by Wakefield. It certainly was discussed back in
             | the 2015 measles outbreak in Marin. I'm not letting you
             | getting away with revisionism.
             | 
             | What you also selectively omit is "questioning the safety
             | of the vaccine" at the same time as promulgating things
             | like "taking of horse dewormer"--which is actually more
             | dangerous than _any_ side effects from _any_ vaccine
             | (kidney failure is one of the ivermectin side effects, for
             | example). In addition, it wasn 't "not take the vaccine but
             | also take precautions" like the immunocompromised did; it
             | was "ignore the vaccine and any and all precautions and
             | restrictions."
             | 
             | The only difference with Covid anti-vax vs MMR anti-vax was
             | that your own personal actions had a not small chance of
             | coming home to roost _directly_ rather than only on your
             | children. Covid anti-vax eventually became a self-
             | correcting problem. So it goes.
        
         | oneshtein wrote:
         | > "anti-vax" is considered a valid "scientific dissent"
         | 
         | Anti-vaxers are against science in general. First, it's part of
         | Russian disinformation campaign:
         | 
         | > This week, we also heard that Ukrainian authorities are too
         | stupid to deal with the measles outbreak in their country. The
         | epidemic allegedly threatens not only the lives of children in
         | Ukraine, but also the country's visa-free regime with the EU.
         | Thus, the disinformers helpfully suggest using Russian-made
         | vaccines. The European and American vaccines, especially those
         | available in Georgia, were reported as unreliable, since they
         | might be manufactured in the infamous Lugar lab (the very same
         | one that brought you the toxic mosquitos). But Georgians,
         | according to pro-Kremlin sources, have even bigger things to
         | worry about, as the UN and its partner organisation are
         | deliberately spreading HIV in the country and planning for
         | Georgian genocide.
         | 
         | See https://euvsdisinfo.eu/fatal-distraction (2019).
         | 
         | However, this disinformation succeed because science is opaque,
         | so general population cannot verify claims, any claims. General
         | public MUST BELIEVE to an authority. We need to make science
         | more accessible to general public, for example, by utilizing AI
         | to explain complex topics in simple enough terms and charts.
         | However, it should not be like <<hey, you, stupid, eat this,
         | because you cannot understand what we are doing anyway>>. It
         | should be accessible form of the same content, not a separate
         | content. Something like: <<Hey, AI, I cannot understand this
         | paragraph, formula, or chart, so rewrite it to make it
         | accessible for me (and translate it to my native language)>>.
        
           | saikia81 wrote:
           | step one stop putting publicly funded studies behind
           | paywalls. Or give journalists more access to the material.
        
       | api wrote:
       | It's harder to be a dissident than ever because everything has
       | been politically weaponized and the public discourse is
       | absolutely saturated with bad faith argument.
        
         | finite_depth wrote:
         | This is the real underlying problem.
         | 
         | Discussion is a commons. It relies on trust and symmetric
         | cooperation. When those things are betrayed, the commons breaks
         | down.
        
         | monero-xmr wrote:
         | I have a lot of opinions but I have to post them anonymously or
         | my life's work will be destroyed. I'm hopeful that once I
         | retire and move all my income-generating assets to a trust that
         | I can advocate more for my opinions. People in my city have had
         | their retail businesses destroyed for donating to Republicans.
         | It's just a very dangerous world to say anything so you have to
         | be very careful.
        
           | gochi wrote:
           | Why do you think they should be free of consequences for
           | their actions?
        
             | monero-xmr wrote:
             | In a world where there are only 2 political parties, and
             | supporting the wrong one is life-destroying, the only way
             | to win is not to play. It is unfortunate.
        
               | xqcgrek2 wrote:
               | A lot of people are in this situation.
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | Are we talking about the same country? Supporting a
               | specific party is "life-destroying"? Tell me, is it the
               | one in control of the House or the one in control of the
               | Senate?
        
               | xqcgrek2 wrote:
               | It is definitely life-destroying if one is wedded to a
               | specific industry or academia. Certainly career ending
               | for some jobs.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | "I want to work in field X, and I believe Y"
               | 
               | "But most people in field X believe that Y is crazy talk,
               | and there's literature going back 127 years explaining
               | why they have come to that conclusion"
               | 
               | "Sure, but they won't be nice to me if I try to work in
               | field X"
               | 
               | "Right, but that's because they believe, and can explain
               | why, they think you're crazy"
               | 
               | "They are destroying my life".
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | You greatly exaggerated how rational leftists or
               | religious people are. (DAE do "cancelling"?).
               | 
               | I've attended classes as a listener where the professor
               | was lecturing about how attempts to go to space are just
               | modern equivalents of racist White Colonialism. I don't
               | think there's a limit to how stupid people in supposedly
               | high positions in society can be.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It's not the contents of a belief that makes it
               | ridiculous.
               | 
               | It's the behavior of the person espousing the belief.
               | 
               | I can imagine an entirely rational and quite deep
               | argument regarding whether or not attempts to go to space
               | are just modern equivalents of White Colonialism. And I
               | might not agree with one or all sides of such an
               | argument, but they are not prima facie ridiculous.
               | 
               | What makes them ridiculous is a failure to engage with
               | counter-points, a failure to grapple with reasonably
               | established facts that conflict with the stated position,
               | and a failure to engage in falsification (i.e. "well, if
               | X and Y, then clearly my position would be wrong").
               | 
               | Someone who can do those things on behalf of their stated
               | position deserves respect, but someone who cannot
               | deserves much less.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Too bad they had to do the ritual, cliche mention of Thomas Kuhn.
       | Totally unnecessary.
       | 
       | Steven Colbert covered himself with slime there, and so did a lot
       | of "scientists."
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | What's the problem with how the author brought up Kuhn?
         | 
         | Just because others might invoke him improperly makes Kuhn
         | taboo now?
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | "taboo" is your word.
        
             | passwordoops wrote:
             | Fantastic engagement, this is really worth everyone's
             | while.
             | 
             | Now instead of snark, can you please explain what is so
             | offensive about someone mentioning Kuhn?
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | Vecr wrote:
               | Why do you think mentioning Thomas Kuhn is "ritual" and
               | "cliche" at all? I don't think I've ever heard that name
               | before, and even after searching the text of the article
               | for it I don't understand the issue. You write quite
               | rationally on risk so I know you can explain the context
               | of your statements if you want to, why did you not do so
               | this time?
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | What do you expect me to say? Stanford:
               | 
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/
               | 
               | calls his book "one of the most cited academic books of
               | all time."
               | 
               | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008716514576
               | 
               | Maybe you're not tired of reading his name and don't
               | consider it lazy writing. I do though.
        
       | agentgumshoe wrote:
       | Gee if only we hadn't just spent the COVID years telling everyone
       | not to dissent on The Science.
        
       | keikun17 wrote:
       | Is it just me or the is article not loading? The page loads fine
       | along with the title but nothing below the top fold.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | Not just you, I assumed content was blanked due to detecting
         | uBlockOrigin ad blocking.
         | 
         | The top comment archive.is link works.
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | And the top link with the archive link is a cloudflare loop for
         | me.
        
           | david_van_loon wrote:
           | It is also a Cloudflare loop for me. I stopped attempting to
           | exit the loop for fear of getting blocked.
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | It works with google DNS
        
         | thedailymail wrote:
         | I think there was an article recently about the Archive site
         | refusing connections that go through the cloudflare 1.1.1.1
         | DNS.
        
       | shadowban1111 wrote:
       | Direct evidence, mountains of it, of government coercion of media
       | and tech, we have the emails, they are public records, and people
       | sre still trapped in their bubble of propaganda (or are paid
       | shills).
       | 
       | The experimental gene therapy that was all but mandated, clear
       | coercion, clear violations of informed consent, clear emails of
       | fauci lying under oath concerning government funding gain of
       | function research -- and it just goes on and on, the evidence is
       | voluminous, and yet there are still people here ignorant (at best
       | its ignorance) of all this evidence and still peddle petty lies
       | that what happened didn't actually happen.
       | 
       | Completey, 100%, disgusting, immortal, unethical, outrageous
       | behavior. And ill be the one silenced. HN commentators... look in
       | the mirror and own up to the truth.
        
         | lasc4r wrote:
         | Experimental gene therapy huh? Go back to 4chan friend.
        
           | learntoread wrote:
           | [dead]
        
             | esalman wrote:
             | Where I'm from, in the 1960, the child mortality rate was
             | ~225 per thousand. If you had 4 child, one was almost
             | guaranteed to die before the age of 5. My grandparents had
             | 7 children. 6 survived. It was the reality for literally
             | every household.
             | 
             | Today the rate is ~25 per thousand. Look up the definition
             | of vaccine in the dictionary and you'll know why.
        
             | finite_depth wrote:
             | Most vaccines do not wholly prevent the disease they
             | vaccinate against. A few - like the rabies vaccine - do,
             | mostly because they're slow-moving diseases that the body
             | has plenty of time to mount a defense against, but many do
             | not. In fact, the namesake of vaccines - the use of cowpox
             | to vaccinate against smallpox - didn't confer immunity,
             | just resistance.
             | 
             | Is the covid vaccine effective at reducing the chance of
             | contracting, and the severity of cases of, covid? Yes. And
             | that is what vaccines typically do. As for stopping its
             | spread: the original vaccine came very close to herd
             | immunity against Alpha, yes. What it didn't stop (but did
             | mitigate) was Delta, which evaded some of the proteins it
             | targeted and which was so much more contagious that even
             | substantial protection wasn't enough for R << 1.
             | 
             | As for the word "vaccine": a vaccine is a deliberate
             | exposure of the body to an infectious agent or a component
             | of such in order to sensitize the immune system against it.
             | The covid vaccine, which exposes the body to a protein that
             | is a component of covid (an infectious agent) qualifies.
             | The delivery method is novel, but the principle - using a
             | component of an infectious agent to sensitize the immune
             | system - is the same.
        
         | conception wrote:
         | If you are referring to the vaccine as "experimental gene
         | therapy", it places you in the crackpot territory for anyone
         | knowledgeable about immune vaccine research. Who knows if the
         | rest of your "mountains of evidence " exist when you lead with
         | nonsense.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | Er, no, they're right. These were the first ever mRNA
           | vaccines, the technology wasn't even safe to use in 2018
           | (IIRC there was some sort of breakthrough fix to the lipid
           | nanoparticle in 2019 that dealt with its toxicity).
           | 
           | Even the adenovirus-vector vaccines are very new, the first
           | time that technology was ever successfully used as in an
           | Ebola vaccine created in 2015. I think the covid ones were
           | the second time it was successfuly used.
        
             | Timon3 wrote:
             | > Er, no, they're right.
             | 
             | Er, no, they are wrong. It's not a gene therapy, and it
             | being the first large-scale application doesn't make it
             | experimental.
        
       | doktrin wrote:
       | The idea isn't unreasonable, but your idea of a scientific
       | dissident is probably not mine. In this very comment section we
       | have folks promoting literally any disagreement as valid dissent,
       | up to and including social media DIY researchers, as a valuable
       | voice in this space. I disagree with the bar for validity not
       | only being lowered but removed entirely.
        
         | Georgelemental wrote:
         | What do you mean by "valid"?
        
           | doktrin wrote:
           | What kind of answer are you expecting? Your low effort
           | comment deserves what it gets.
        
       | kneebonian wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | "He's racist!"
         | 
         | It's sad that this term has lost so much meaning these days,
         | thanks to people like you who just throw it around at anyone
         | you disagree with.
         | 
         | Whenever I hear someone say that now, my immediate reaction is
         | to think "this is a low-IQ nutjob" and I stop listening.
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | >No we don't, and questioning settled science is usually a
         | racist dog whistle.
         | 
         | Yeah, just like McClintock was known for her wildly racist
         | views. Along with Watson and Crick - that whole "DNA is
         | important" was just a ruse to get the redliners out. And who
         | could forget Einstein? Only tools know the Theory of Relatively
         | has anything to do with physics.
         | 
         | And anyone who uses the term "settled science" doesn't
         | understand what science is
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | justinhj wrote:
             | What about Newtons laws of motion? Settled science? Was it
             | racist to come up with a more accurate model?
        
             | brigandish wrote:
             | Is this satire or just Poe's law at work?
        
               | passwordoops wrote:
               | I've met people IRL with these views... "Science
               | Fundamentalists" who replace their lost religious dogma
               | with Science and who have no concept that everything we
               | know right now is the best possible explanation with the
               | data we have available, and that it could fall apart with
               | a single new data set or proof. The "racist dog whistle"
               | is new though, so I hope you're right about the satire
        
               | justinhj wrote:
               | Calling something a racist dog whistle is just a way to
               | bully people into silence
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | Indeed and I have no idea what it has to do with
               | questioning "The Science". Is that like "The Truth" or
               | something?
        
               | teh64 wrote:
               | It is "satire", because no one actually talks like this
               | on the left wing. Its very obviously a right winger who
               | thinks this is what the left sounds like.
        
         | zer8k wrote:
         | > No we don't, and questioning settled science is usually a
         | racist dog whistle.
         | 
         | Woah, a claim this bold is gonna need some more explanation
         | bub. Science is quite literally never settled. Even gravity
         | gets new developments every once and while.
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | > Here's the problem is that people who oppose The Science have
         | fundamentally shown themselves incapable of listening to reason
         | or being educated they have willfully chosen ignorance
         | 
         | And the solution to that is to silence them, yet that is not
         | considered a form of incapable listening and wilfully chosen
         | ignorance by those who are _so wise_ as to know the difference
         | between good and bad information?
         | 
         | "If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one
         | person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more
         | justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the
         | power, would be justified in silencing mankind."
         | 
         | J. S. Mill, On Liberty
        
         | jstrong wrote:
         | greatly enjoying your humor
        
       | the-mitr wrote:
       | in case of cosmology Halton Arp's Seeing Red might be of interest
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halton_Arp
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/halton-arp-seeing-red-red-shift-...
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | It's a little unclear to me what happened in Halton's case? Was
         | he disregarded by his peers?
        
           | dmbche wrote:
           | Off wikipedia: "Arp never wavered from his stand against the
           | Big Bang, and until shortly before his death in 2013, he
           | continued to publish articles[14][15] stating his contrary
           | view in both popular and scientific literature, frequently
           | collaborating with Geoffrey Burbidge (until Burbidge's death
           | in 2010) and Margaret Burbidge.[16] He explained his reasons
           | for believing that the Big Bang theory is wrong, citing his
           | research into quasars or quasi-stellar objects (QSOs).
           | Instead, Arp supported the redshift quantization theory as an
           | explanation of the redshifts of galaxies.[17]"
        
       | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
       | Ah, yes. the tragedy of modern academia, turned into yet even
       | more tools of imperilistic control out of USA (but culturally, as
       | English as the new Latin) against the world through physics
       | spiraling out of the real world version of the events around the
       | manhattan project; but backed by deep mind researchers out of the
       | British academies (the same ones handing out completion
       | certificates)
       | 
       | that academia pushes away the kind of novel creative thinkers
       | that it needs.
       | 
       | that the role of preservation of knowledge has completely
       | overtaken the role of creation of,
       | 
       | that somehow 'industry' (research conglomerates) together with
       | 'academia' (rent-collecting bureaucrats of old knowledge) have
       | failed us all?
       | 
       | or maybe it's just millennial (the burnt out generation) find
       | ourselves hopeless and without real vision for any future in the
       | time when we should be taking on the leadership roles of all
       | these institutions?
        
         | metalspot wrote:
         | academia started as a branch of the church and retains the same
         | institutional structure to this day. the apple doesn't fall far
         | from the tree.
        
           | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
           | the church started as the government and this is sometimes
           | very confusing.
        
             | metalspot wrote:
             | > very confusing
             | 
             | or very clarifying when you realize that the same
             | institutions will do the same things no matter what name
             | you put on them.
        
       | iamthepieman wrote:
       | Useless if censored. Censored people have to resort to the same
       | channels and tactics that crackpots do if they truly believe in
       | their discoveries and that just exacerbates the problem.
       | 
       | But censorship of unpopular opinion has always been going on. I
       | don't believe there's a technical/service solution to this. The
       | solution is a societal and political one and those are harder to
       | come by than the next big technical innovation.
       | 
       | Edit - spelling
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | I hate to say I agree. I'm almost feeling motivated enough to
         | teach high school so I can make David Deutsch mandatory
         | reading. At least Chapter 1 of Beginning of Infinity
        
           | iamthepieman wrote:
           | Your comment says a lot with few words. I agree, it starts
           | with or at least includes education. You know how hard this
           | is? It's not school, it's parents. Let your kids disagree
           | with you, be respectful of people you obviously disagree with
           | in their presence. Read them opinions or books that make you
           | uncomfortable and then explain why. School can help, but the
           | environment at home can so easily override that.
        
         | kevin_b_er wrote:
         | What if they _are_ crackpots?
        
           | iamthepieman wrote:
           | Well, that's why I said it exacerbates the problem. In a
           | bipolar societal environment, you're either right or a
           | crackpot. We need a finer grained filter than that.
           | 
           | There are really well spoken proponents of ESP (extra sensory
           | perception) and even "studies" that prove it exists. But they
           | are not reproducible and there's no
           | company/government/commune producing extraordinary results
           | that point back to it.
        
       | jimmySixDOF wrote:
       | My comment yesterday on a thread [1] about "Dreams of new physics
       | fade with latest muon magnetism result" and how the same story
       | was headlined elsewhere [2] with opposite conclusions:
       | 
       | >It's curious timing that I have stumbled on this story (spun
       | both ways), a Sean Carroll 4hr rebuttal that there is a problem
       | of physics caused by not opening up to new ideas two weeks ago,
       | and Sabine Hossenfelder on YouTube with an episode this week
       | pouring cold water on 'new physics'. I very loosely keep tabs on
       | a thin sliver of popsci so seems like some wider coordinated
       | theorist - experimentalist friction given my sample size. Maybe
       | it's 5 year budget allocation time and I never noticed before but
       | just seems odd.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37090864
       | 
       | [2] BBC News - Scientists at Fermilab close in on fifth force of
       | nature https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66407099
        
         | dav_Oz wrote:
         | > _a Sean Carroll 4hr rebuttal that there is a problem of
         | physics by not opening up to new ideas_
         | 
         | Indeed he likes to indulge in his solos (that's what they are
         | for) but after almost 4 hours of reviewing the status quo[0];
         | he goes on to accurately describe the problem of actually
         | choosing the set of possible ideas/theories to follow through.
         | 
         | Which basically boils down to who gets the funding (and by
         | extension: tenure) and who not. As a part of that system (he
         | sat on a committee) he seems to be aware of the flaws. Because
         | of the incentive to be "effective" with the funds "popular
         | ideas" (what resonates with the community) with a "high
         | probability" of succeeding get chosen, a negative feedback loop
         | if you will.
         | 
         | Interestingly, he sees that problem quite divorced from today's
         | state of physics itself which is _too successful_ (it 's hard
         | to come up with new ideas and with today's instruments (energy
         | levels) very little "new" to find) in describing the physical
         | reality.
         | 
         | My personal take: The "effective"/"pragmatist" mostly American
         | wrap up of two obscure subjects from the Old Continent has hit
         | a wall. With String Theory - once also obscure - being
         | comfortable in the platonic realms (Witten winning the Fields
         | Medal) it's time to wrap it up and be more heterogeneous again
         | let the small science do its brewing.
         | 
         | Yes, at first it will open up the most feared floodgates of
         | crackpottery but after awhile it will subdue and finally slip
         | into obscurity, most will jump the boat to whatever hype is the
         | new hype and the one's left will hopefully have very weird
         | ideas with high rigor devoid of most incentives to
         | cheat/conform for a career; 99,9..% will fail of course but at
         | least they will have a fun ride instead of clinging fiercely
         | onto their careers.
         | 
         | [0]https://youtu.be/MTM-8memDHs?t=14354
        
       | frankreyes wrote:
       | I believe that flat earthers are the balancing force of that lack
       | of science dissident. Science has become a 9-to-5 job for most
       | and they now have the wrong incentives for that pure "pursuit of
       | Truth".
        
         | lusus_naturae wrote:
         | Everyone has the same incentives, their personalities and
         | cultures give a different shade to them but the incentive of
         | accumulating resources and self-propagation remain constant
         | across people. No one objects to "the truth" per se, it's how
         | we use reality or the perception of it to organize and conduct
         | ourselves that matters to people. All this dissident stuff is
         | giving me "what's the truth about gay genes and racial IQ
         | differences" vibes.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | In the case of Covid, people were scared. If you know anything
       | about social psychology, taking control of information etc. in
       | this fashion is typical behavior when people feel intensely
       | threatened as a group.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | This seems to be overlooked. Scared people make poor decisions.
         | 
         | Every country on Earth, even supposedly "good" ones, lied,
         | dissembled, covered up, or otherwise failed to govern fairly
         | and transparently during this crisis. Every one! Even in places
         | world renowned for lack of corruption and correct functioning,
         | systems were put in place to hide the scale and scope of the
         | disaster.
         | 
         | There is a lesson here.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | > failed to govern fairly and transparently during this
           | crisis. Every one!
           | 
           | Isn't that a sign of coordination in conspiracy rather than
           | "scared people make bad decisions"?
           | 
           | Every country didn't take erratically bad decisions. It was
           | not _random_. It was coordinated. Coordinated towards the
           | bad.
        
             | 77pt77 wrote:
             | Groups of humans are stupid in very predictable and
             | reproducible ways.
             | 
             | No need for conspiracy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | > _scared_
         | 
         | Doing the opposite of what one should be doing under threat:
         | remaining lucid and further sobering up.
         | 
         | Ref.:
         | 
         | > _When in trouble, when in doubt, run in circles, scream and
         | shout_
         | 
         | ~~~ Walt Disney (through Donald Duck)
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | > _Come on, guys. Nobody wants this. We 're supposed to be
         | fucking professionals!_
         | 
         | ~~~ Quentin Tarantino (through Mr. Pink)
        
           | croes wrote:
           | >remaining lucid and further sobering up.
           | 
           | That's easy for yourself but not for a population that
           | considered Trump's advice to inject bleach. In such a dynamic
           | a lab leak would have been interpreted by some as bioweapon
           | attack.
           | 
           | And I didn't see much fear of Corona among the scientists,
           | but despair about the reaction of the population.
           | 
           | Just look how some don't take COVID serious but think of the
           | vaccines as either mond control or mass execution device.
           | Some even belief nobody died of COVID but the hospital killed
           | people and claimed Corona. Some also wonder what evil motives
           | are behind the fact that unvaccinated people die more often
           | from COVID. Is it to punish them for their disobedience?
           | 
           | It's the same with climate change, the problem isn't
           | necessarily the science or the technology but the people
           | refusal to act accordingly.
           | 
           | At some point you either need to give up or enforce action.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | "Fear is the mind killer."
           | 
           | -- some book you may have heard of
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | Blackstrat wrote:
       | Recognize that we need scientists as much as scientific
       | dissidents. These days both seem in short supply. The dissidents
       | are routinely "cancelled", e.g., during the COVID era. Big
       | Science has been corrupted by government money worldwide. And as
       | soon as one hears "scientific consensus" you know you're
       | listening to a political statement not a scientific one. And that
       | applies to climate change. Science is never conclusive. There's
       | always the possibility of a different answer. The history of
       | science illustrates that clearly. When the answer is "final",
       | science is no longer the ongoing motivation.
        
         | dahart wrote:
         | What do you mean? There is scientific consensus that washing
         | hands between medical procedures makes them safer. There is
         | scientific consensus that the earth is round and is not the
         | center of the solar system. These are not political statements.
         | 
         | > Science is never conclusive. There's always the possibility
         | of a different answer. The history of science illustrates that
         | clearly.
         | 
         | What do you mean, can you give some examples? Which scientific
         | conclusions might change? Do you mean that the earth might be
         | flat after all? Or that your doctor not washing her hands
         | before operating on you might be good for your health? Is non-
         | zero 'possibility' being used as a justification to ignore the
         | actual probability of a dissenting idea, even when almost all
         | scientists agree? A small possibility is exactly that:
         | unlikely, no?
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | Consensus on hand washing was not without challenges:
           | https://www.history.com/news/hand-washing-disease-infection
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | Exactly! That's why it's a good example here; scientific
             | consensus was hard-won, but the debate is now settled,
             | right? Nobody believes the answer might change, and saying
             | so is not a political statement; we have too much evidence
             | now. The earth being flat was also challenged too, and was
             | a nasty political debate. But scientific consensus now on
             | these topics is not a political debate, contrary to the top
             | comment's claim, scientific consensus is just the
             | historical artifact of truth eventually bubbling to the
             | top.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | So you pick the most extreme cases (hand washing, round
           | earth) and equate them to "COVID is not a lab leak, case
           | closed, you are censored if you try to argue it!"
           | 
           | The article lays out many cases where "consensus" was,
           | indeed, a political construct and not really a scientific
           | consensus at all.
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | It's a staple part of these sorts of conversations, we've
             | had these arguments so many times you can pretty much
             | script out in advance the various talking points one can
             | expect to see per topic.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I believe this is #3 in the phases of Denial:
               | 
               | 1. It's not true
               | 
               | 2. It's true, but it's not important
               | 
               | 3. It's true, and it's important, but I already knew it.
               | 
               | (A variant of #3 is "it's old news")
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | Well, I guess that's the problem with choosing to use words
             | like "never" and "always" in your argument, and trying to
             | overgeneralize, no? It makes you easily susceptible to
             | proof by contradiction.
             | 
             | Why do you think hand-washing or the shape of the earth are
             | "extreme" examples of scientific consensus? I think they're
             | both great here because they both had huge political
             | debates, and scientific consensus eventually prevailed.
             | There are many many more examples of basic scientific
             | consensus that nobody argues and that demonstrate the
             | claims of comment I replied to are false. Are you asking
             | for more examples? BTW hand-washing was the opening example
             | in the article. Doesn't that make it absolutely fair game
             | in this context?
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | If you want a hard-and-fast definition of "consensus" you
               | won't find one. There are still people who'll argue
               | against evolution, but that pretty much IS a consensus.
               | 
               | On the other hand, lab-leak was NOT a consensus. It was a
               | Party line. A real consensus doesn't emerge in just a few
               | months. There isn't time for contrary evidence and
               | arguments to emerge.
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | I really question the utility engaging in debate with
             | people who have absolutely no knowledge of virology,
             | Chinese (or other) bioweapon research, lab safety
             | protocols, or even China. forget politics for a moment, its
             | just a waste of time if you are just defending something
             | you heard on the internet because you think its likely
             | true.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | Unfortunately, once scientists become politicians, they
               | open themselves up to that.
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | its true. I don't have a good answer. but trying to
               | create policy based on which uniformed faction shouts the
               | loudest is clearly a crap strategy.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Okay, maybe there's "consensus" in your mind about "washing
           | your hands', but it's not clear what that means. We need
           | people questioning what is the best way to clean your hands.
           | Maybe soap is good. Maybe soap poisons a few patients. Maybe
           | isopropyl alcohol is good. Maybe some other kind of alcohol
           | is better. I could go on. The point is that there could be
           | some cases where a traditional application of soap and water
           | is actually worse for the patients, the doctors, the nurses
           | or someone else.
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | This is making the same mistake that @Blackstrat made; the
             | existence of subtleties doesn't change the primary high
             | level outcome. There is pretty much absolute consensus on
             | _whether_ doctors should wash their hands. We have lots and
             | lots and lots of evidence that using any reasonable
             | disinfectant cut hospital mortality rates by multiples
             | compared to what they were before hand-washing was
             | protocol, while soap poisoning in hospitals today is
             | extremely rare and difficult to find (and BTW doesn't even
             | mean soap is the problem, it more likely means the doctor
             | didn't follow the rinse protocol.)
             | 
             | What disinfectant product to use does have a minor effect
             | on the margins of the outcomes, sure, and there is still
             | some side-discussion about that, but there is no discussion
             | about whether to wash hands. If you're going to challenge
             | the idea that there's consensus, you must present and
             | examine the magnitudes of the effects of each decision. I
             | do not buy the argument that a sliver of a marginal effect
             | challenges the primary outcome - and I especially don't buy
             | the argument that because you imagine there "could be" some
             | cases, then consensus isn't clear enough. One person in a
             | million dying of soap poisoning has no real bearing on
             | whether doctors should wash their hands, and doesn't change
             | or challenge the scientific consensus that doctors should
             | wash hands.
        
             | xkcd-sucks wrote:
             | A better example would be "antibacterial" soap containing
             | triclosan, on which the consensus has shifted fairly
             | recently
        
           | brnaftr361 wrote:
           | Yeah, but is there say... Scientific consensus that "safer"
           | for the procedure is _safer_ for the species? I mean, we don
           | 't really have a predefined goal, right? And I'd posit we're
           | increasingly distancing ourselves from any consensus there -
           | which to a large extent is how the domain of knowledge is
           | circumscribed. The powers disbursing research funding want
           | results that would ostensibly yield benefit in some system in
           | some formulaic calculation as to where we should be going -
           | but the human species is _so far away_ from consensus on
           | that.
           | 
           | For instance lot of contemporary issues can be tracked back
           | to the effects of population and the infrastructure and
           | logistics necessary to maintain it. Suddenly economists,
           | ecologists, evolutionary biologists, demographers, et
           | cetera... There's suddenly manifold complications once you
           | stop looking at it in a vacuum and under a microscope, and
           | thus consensus ceases. Importantly, we must consider the
           | resolution at which policy is informed by inputs from these
           | various intersecting fields and what should be given
           | precedence and also important is the practicality and the
           | means of application. Most importantly of all, I think, is
           | that autonomy be granted to individuals and communities to
           | conduct the experiments of life as this forwards the goal of
           | truthseeking rather plainly. And with that the flow of ideas
           | and experience.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | findalex wrote:
         | Here, here. Science = the scientific method. It should be
         | nothing more.
        
           | chrischattin wrote:
           | Yes, exactly.
           | 
           | I get irrationally angry when people say things like "believe
           | the science". No! They entire point of the scientific method
           | is I don't have to believe anything. I can replicate and
           | verify the results for myself.
        
         | euix wrote:
         | The entire Covid years and the way government and society
         | responded was the most cynical thing I have ever witnessed in
         | my life and it completely altered my worldview and the way I
         | see government, society and people in general. Some reckoning
         | on this is in the future is small catharsis.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | Same here. I don't think we'll see any reckoning until all
           | the people involved are long dead...
        
           | didntcheck wrote:
           | Yep. My faith in both specific institutes and "society" in
           | general cratered, and it wasn't due to some Facebook meme
           | telling me to arson a 5G tower. It was from watching the
           | horse's mouth in full good faith and instead seeing brazen
           | attempts to manufacture consent, "gaslight" last week's
           | claims way, and spin the scientific method as "anti-science".
           | And then the disappointment at seeing just how easily large
           | amounts of society could be (gladfully) whipped into
           | supporting almost any level of authoritarianism, up to and
           | including literally celebrating the deaths of their
           | "opponents", all while claiming to be the compassionate side
           | concerned about public safety, and mostly _from_ the
           | political wing that claims to be our only line of defence
           | against that sort of thing
        
           | RandomLensman wrote:
           | Seriously: why? We had things like conscription before but
           | the Covid response was the one that altered your view?
        
             | shwaj wrote:
             | Maybe the person wasn't alive during conscription. They
             | lived through Covid.
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | We've had government suppression of dissent before - that
             | "fire in a crowded theater" case was about anti-war
             | advocacy - but it's been a while since anything really big
             | and the Internet makes it much easier to watch happen in
             | real time.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | The cold war had some "red scares" etc.
        
         | agoose77 wrote:
         | This is a very hyperbolic statement, and makes the common
         | mistake of framing science as built around a central corpus of
         | knowledge, defended by personalities. Whilst science is a human
         | endeavour, and individual scientists suffer all the same
         | shortcomings that human beings exhibit, this is not how it is
         | practised. Scientific consensus _is a thing_ - you can
         | literally gather N scientists in a room, and have them agree on
         | principles and results. There will always be differences of
         | opinion; for example, there are a huge number of
         | interpretations of what a measurement means in quantum
         | mechanics. But, good science is practised with an eye towards
         | the limits of our understanding. For example, the standard
         | model of physics explains _nearly_ everything that we can
         | observe, whilst we also know that there are some things that it
         | can 't. We also know that physical theories often seem to be
         | simple, whereas the SM is complex - it likely is an _effective_
         | theory. Knowing both of these things does not break the concept
         | of consensus. Much of physics research is currently dedicated
         | to figuring out how to break the standard model theories,
         | despite the fact that it works so well.
         | 
         | When you hear "consensus", no one is saying that each scientist
         | would write down an identical essay on the subject. Rather it
         | means broad-scale agreement, and a common understanding.
        
           | madsbuch wrote:
           | Just like you, I think the above commenter points out that
           | scientific consensus is not a scientific construct, but a
           | political one.
           | 
           | > politics: social relations involving intrigue to gain
           | authority or power
           | 
           | You need politics when working multiple people together. But
           | in particular in scientific communities, you need to be able
           | to superseede political, or institutional, ideas. This is
           | what the original post talks about.
           | 
           | The core scientific constructs is stuff like falsification,
           | occam's razor, etc.
           | 
           | The "mistake" seems to be a juxtaposition of science and the
           | scientific community.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Science is fundamentally about convincing other scientists
             | that you are doing good science. The scientific method is
             | just a garbage in, garbage out process. If you don't get
             | other people to challenge you, you can't tell the
             | difference between doing science and fooling yourself. No
             | matter how much you try to question your judgment, you are
             | always the easiest person in the world to fool.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | convincing other people that you are right is
               | fundamentally politics. Not science.
               | 
               | good science has objective criteria and does not require
               | political justification.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about being right. You have to
               | convince others that you are doing good science. The
               | alternative is convincing yourself, which would mean that
               | anyone who believes they are doing science is doing
               | science.
               | 
               | I've never heard of those so-called objective criteria.
               | There are some procedures that could be described
               | objectively, but they are garbage in, garbage out. The
               | tricky part is in the details, in the assumptions and
               | interpretations you make. Get them subtly wrong, and the
               | sacred rituals of cargo cult science will simply lead you
               | astray.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | science is not just the analysis. it is also about
               | carrying out experimentation, designing and a. plethora
               | of other thing.
               | 
               | i dont entirely know where the garbage in, garbage out
               | comes from? it sounds like a data scientist who thinks
               | there is no more to science than analysing the data they
               | are provided.
               | 
               | if garbage goes in, then you designed your experiment
               | poorly. which is not good science.
               | 
               | convincing is not science, but politics.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | Experiment design is largely about those assumptions and
               | interpretations I was talking about. What do you consider
               | to be the established truth? Which aspects you should
               | take into account and which you can safely ignore? What
               | do you expect to happen when you perform the experiment?
               | What is the connection between the observations you make
               | and the outcome of the experiment?
               | 
               | Many of those answers will likely be based on your
               | interpretation of the scientific consensus.
        
           | OrvalWintermute wrote:
           | > For example, the standard model of physics explains nearly
           | everything that we can observe, whilst we also know that
           | there are some things that it can't.
           | 
           | The elephant in the room, Gravity, would like to have a
           | discussion with you :)
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Often we aren't worried about the consensus surrounding
           | specific results but the prescriptions they are motivating
           | from a totally different group of policy makers. Science
           | comprehension is poor by politicians and words and meaning
           | are often twisted to suit a need tangential to the original
           | scientific finding. So when we see people fighting against a
           | scientific result it is often because it is myopic and will
           | be used to motivate poor policy.
        
           | jkepler wrote:
           | Probem is, at least in terms of the climate debate, climate
           | alarmism and mainstream media says that there's scientific
           | consensus, but at least when I read the Intergovernmental
           | Panel on Climate Change's 5th report in 2015, they didn't
           | even predict how much doubling atmospheric CO2 would warm the
           | planet (as they had in their previous reports)---and that
           | with no clear explanation. However, following their footnote
           | to the scientific detail report, they noted a lack of
           | consensus between the computer-based models ("catastrophe
           | immenent!") and the latest observation based models.
           | 
           | When I combine that with prominent climatologists like Judith
           | Curry changing her position when presented with observation-
           | based evidence that countered her climate predictions[1], it
           | leaves me deeply skeptical of any and all alarmists.
           | 
           | I haven't taken time yet to read the IPCC's latest report,
           | but I've heard that it has the same lack of consensus between
           | the computer models (full of alarmist assumptions in how they
           | were programmed) and observation-based studies.
           | 
           | I firmly believed we must follow observational data above
           | computer simulations... Its just better science.
           | 
           | [1] https://reason.com/2023/08/09/this-scientist-used-to-
           | spread-...
        
             | happytiger wrote:
             | Creating and following the data _is_ science.
             | 
             | When we arrange the science to fit the narrative we deny
             | science in whole and corrupt the scientific method. And
             | unfortunately, when funding is tied to donors or programs
             | this is exactly what we incentivize.
             | 
             | Science is only as good as the freedom of the scientists to
             | ask unencumbered questions.
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | > And as soon as one hears "scientific consensus" you know
         | you're listening to a political statement not a scientific one.
         | 
         | Sure, but not in any sinister way. Politicians have to make
         | decisions somehow. If everyone who's studied the problem says
         | essentially the same thing, that's a good hint as to the right
         | decision.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | > Recognize that we need scientists as much as scientific
         | dissidents.
         | 
         | What's a "scientific dissident" to a "scientist"? Because a
         | scientist may be a dissident, but a dissident is not
         | necessarily a scientist.
         | 
         | > And as soon as one hears "scientific consensus" you know
         | you're listening to a political statement not a scientific one.
         | 
         | This is false.
         | 
         | Let's take the recent news about that new room temperature
         | superconductor. "Scientific consensus" means validity and
         | reproducibility. Achieving results that validate the primary
         | hypothesis is not a "political statement".
         | 
         | > When the answer is "final", science is no longer the ongoing
         | motivation.
         | 
         | You have a warped view of what science is. History hasn't
         | proved that science is "not conclusive", but that it is
         | continuously evolving, adding layers to previously simpler
         | answers, e.g. the newtonian concept of gravity hasn't been
         | discarded by contemporary theories, just extended.
         | 
         | It drives me mad when people talks about science like a series
         | of revolutions that break with everything taken for granted
         | until that point. This is not what happens. If anything, new
         | science supersedes old science.
         | 
         | What you describe is what happens when science collides with
         | quackery. And yes, that applies to climate change deniers.
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | Government money? Seriously? Would you rather Exxon, Phillip
         | Morris and Pfizer fund the research? Private funds by Musk and
         | Besos?
         | 
         | And there is always the possibility of a different answer. But
         | there's also the vast majority of evidence (with some political
         | motivation) vs a striking lack of evidence (also with some
         | political motivation). I'm going to err on the side of -- most
         | people who dedicate their life to study something are honest
         | about their study of that something.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | See this is exactly what the other poster means. Your gut
           | reaction is to shut down any dissent.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | He's not shutting down anything, just pointing out the
             | ludicrousness of the comment he was responding to.
             | 
             | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DvFlBAvWsAA72Tq.jpg
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | What's the difference?
        
               | aCoreyJ wrote:
               | What YOU did was an attempt to shutdown descent by
               | attacking the poster instead of actually debating the
               | issue
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | You're confusing me with some one else.
        
               | zen928 wrote:
               | it's palpable to the rest of us to see how quick the
               | discussion jumps to feigned confusion, a lack of charity
               | to understand what others are saying and to immediate
               | dishonesty when trying to shut down conversation
               | 
               | they're 'confusing' you for the parent poster of the
               | comment chain you directly replied to in the discussion
               | that you inserted yourself into, something understandable
               | from anyone who spends time on sites that have
               | parent/child discussion chains.
               | 
               | the confusion is solely yours alone, but for any other
               | new users to the site you're taking up the role of
               | continuing the discussion by commenting on reply chains
               | inside that discussion, so having a reply to your comment
               | that mistakenly mentions "your" previous post can be
               | immediately understood in this context as the parents
               | post and not as a misdirected attack that needs to be
               | personally identified before continuing casual
               | discussion.
               | 
               | do you need any more context to respond with honest
               | intentions?
        
             | agoose77 wrote:
             | My pet peeve is people interpreting "that's a stupid
             | argument, here's why" as a conspiracy theory.
        
             | ryneandal wrote:
             | The entire premise of the Scientific Method is dissent and
             | skepticism. Fallacious claims that "big science" is
             | effectively an arm of the government because of research
             | grants and other funding is not dissent, it is a feeble red
             | herring.
        
             | daveguy wrote:
             | Interesting that you would twist some simple observations
             | into an accusation that I am trying to "shut down any
             | dissent". Maybe not everything follows your world view. I'm
             | happy with anyone who wants read all the comments... So the
             | "we're so persecuted" arguments are wearing transparently
             | thin.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | > ... some simple observations ...
               | 
               | It seems like your "simple observation" is referring to
               | the false dichotomy of stating that there are only money
               | from Exxon, Phillip Morris and Pfizer (and the likes?) as
               | an alternative to governmental money?
               | 
               | There is a plethora of way to finance any projects
               | besides either be financed by the government or large
               | corporations - and luckily much research is funded in
               | other ways.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | Can you elaborate on these other ways? I genuinely
               | haven't thought too much about how research has been
               | financed historically.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | Independent fonds would be a big one. Otherwise,
               | independent researchers that finance their own research
               | (In the case of the LK-99 research many lists had
               | independent researchers names with Twitter links where
               | they publish their research).
               | 
               | I am sure one can easily think up more ways to figure
               | financing of (scientific) projects.
        
               | RF_Savage wrote:
               | Where does the money in the funds originate from? Who set
               | the original goal of the fun and the research direction?
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | when research is independent self funded, the direction
               | is set by yourself.
               | 
               | When financing come from an independent fond, the board
               | of that fond according to the purpose.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | > There is a plethora of way to finance any projects
               | besides either be financed by the government or large
               | corporations - and luckily much research is funded in
               | other ways.
               | 
               | Do you believe this money doesn't carry any
               | _obligations_?
        
           | OrvalWintermute wrote:
           | > Would you rather Exxon, Phillip Morris and Pfizer fund the
           | research? Private funds by Musk and Besos?
           | 
           | Actually Exxon just bought the $5B Denbury CO2 pipeline.
           | While I am on the fence about CO2 actually being a problem,
           | we need to recognize that companies that may be viewed as
           | opposed to something may be part of the solution.
           | 
           | If someone works out a super-efficient algael biofuel that is
           | commercially viable at a national scale, I fully expect the
           | oil multinationals will move to growing it everywhere.
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | That CO2 project is for enhanced oil recovery from aging
             | oilfields, it's really not a viable mechanism for
             | continuing to burn fossil fuels in electricity plants while
             | capturing and burying the CO2 emitted from those plants.
             | Fossil fuel carbon capture and sequestration does actually
             | have all the hallmarks of a fraudulent science program; it
             | would take roughly all the energy produced by a power plant
             | to capture and sequester the fossil CO2 molecules emitted
             | by that plant. Exxon and Chevron are promoting it only
             | because it's the kind of false claim that they can use to
             | prevent moves towards replacing fossil fuels with
             | renewables.
        
               | OrvalWintermute wrote:
               | Denbury is moving into sequestration
               | 
               | > In addition, we are building a portfolio of properties
               | for carbon sequestration, in close proximity to our CO2
               | pipelines
               | 
               | There isn't enough information available to understand if
               | this is permanent sequestration, or a longterm reserve to
               | supply their oil uses.
               | 
               | However, moving CO2 from plants to oilfields does seem to
               | be better than just venting it into the atmosphere.
        
               | photochemsyn wrote:
               | Enhanced CO2 extraction works by pushing the CO2 through
               | the oilfield as a carrier of the oil, so what you get out
               | of the extraction borehole is a mix of CO2 and oil, and
               | the CO2 just vents back to the atmosphere during
               | refining. Some fraction is left in the oilfield, but it's
               | fairly minor.
               | 
               | The cost of the CO2 injection system is thus offset by
               | the profits from the oil recovered; if this were to go to
               | zero then the corporation would abandon it as an
               | unprofitable exercise.
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | Is this why Exxon is the leading manufacturer of Li-ion
             | batteries?
             | 
             | https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/who-we-are/technology-
             | and-c...
        
           | aCoreyJ wrote:
           | Seriousl question: why is this "enlightened centrism"
           | pessimistic viewpoint so popular on hn
        
             | growingentropy wrote:
             | Because when you get away from the center, you've often
             | chosen a "team." Choosing a team clouds your judgment.
        
           | srackey wrote:
           | 1. People dedicate their time to stupid nonsense all the
           | time. They mostly all honestly believe in said nonsense, and
           | are probably in consensus with others sharing the same
           | nonsense. That doesn't mean it's real! See: alchemy,
           | lysenkoism, or the UFO stuff we keep seeing.
           | 
           | 2. All science that does not internally generate revenues
           | must rely on a patron, be that a person, corporation, or
           | government. Funds from these orgs is limited, so scientists
           | must justify why _they_ should get money. This introduces a
           | huge bug in science as a truth cremation mechanism because
           | seeking truth may not be in a patron's best interest. As the
           | sums of money get larger, this effect becomes more intense.
        
             | bonoboTP wrote:
             | > truth cremation mechanism
             | 
             | love that typo
        
         | tonmoy wrote:
         | Since is never conclusive that is true, but some conclusions
         | are closer to the truth than the other. Just because the earth
         | is not exactly a sphere, doesn't mean the scientific consensus
         | that the earth is round is wrong. Same way just because we
         | don't understand everything about climate change, doesn't mean
         | we can disregard the consensus
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | Scientific consensus is literally how science works. If there
         | is no consensus yet, then the area is in development and you
         | can't tell much conclusive about it.
         | 
         | Which is valid stage of knowledge progress. But it does not
         | mean no area should ever be considered mostly settled.
        
           | chrischattin wrote:
           | No. Consensus is not how science works at all.
        
             | jamilton wrote:
             | It is to some degree, isn't it? People don't personally
             | replicate every study they cite and build off, they cite
             | and build off studies that they believe to be trustworthy,
             | part of which is determined by opinions of peers in the
             | field (even if there's not a clear consensus one way or the
             | other).
        
               | chrischattin wrote:
               | No. It's the opposite. All it takes is one single result
               | to show a theory or body of "consensus" is in error.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | Climate change can hardly be called a science by the way. To be
         | a science you need to make falsifiable claims. Without the
         | ability to experiment, all you are doing is fitting some
         | gigantic models to some historical data, and we all know how
         | bad this can go.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | So, astronomy is not a science? Because we can't do
           | experiments on stars and galaxies.
           | 
           | Astronomy is not only a science, it's the science that kicked
           | off the scientific revolution in the 1600s.
           | 
           | You don't need to be able to experiment to do science, you
           | just need to be able to observe. Theories are tested against
           | future observations. "Natural experiments" where something
           | new happens are useful for this. An example in climate
           | science was what happened after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
        
           | seadan83 wrote:
           | > Climate change can hardly be called a science by the way.
           | To be a science you need to make falsifiable claims.
           | 
           | It certainly does.
           | 
           | - The increase in global average temperatures is correlated
           | to water vapor - The increase in global average temperatures
           | is correlated to methane - The increase in global average
           | temperatures is correlated to CO2
           | 
           | Another example: - "there has been an increase in global
           | average temperature"
           | 
           | These are all falsifiable assertions and have been given due
           | attention. I would be really skeptical of a perspective that
           | claims climate change makes no falsifiable claims.
           | 
           | > Without the ability to experiment, all you are doing is
           | fitting some gigantic models to some historical data, and we
           | all know how bad this can go.
           | 
           | Fitting a gigantic model to historical data is a form of
           | experimentation. A hypothesis is in some ways the act of
           | creating a model to fit data and then to use that model as a
           | tool for predictions. Fitting a gigantic model to historical
           | data and seeing how it goes is exactly an experiment!
        
         | throwaway4220 wrote:
         | And extremely highly paid lobbyists will keep pointing to this
         | to let their bosses continue doing whatever they want. So..
         | when do you pull the lever for action?
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | To Wit, the CDC now says it's okay to use [doctors to
         | prescribe] Ivermectin to treat sars-cov-2 whereas before they
         | denounced its use and the mainstream media derided it as horse
         | paste.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Where did the CDC say that? The CDC doesn't even publish
           | COVID-19 treatment protocols; those come from the NIH. And
           | none of the large scale clinical trials have found ivermectin
           | to be effective.
           | 
           | https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | https://www.tigerdroppings.com/rant/o-t-lounge/ot-docs-
             | the-f...
        
               | wredue wrote:
               | That's not the CDC recommended the use of ivermectin. It
               | is a court case stating that doctors are legally allowed
               | to prescribe human safe variants if they so choose.
               | 
               | It doesn't have anything towards the effect of ivermectin
               | on Covid.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | Saying that doctors have the "authority" to prescribe is
               | not the same as recommending it. Additionally a lawyer's
               | statement taken out of context does not necessarily
               | represent the organization's stance or advice. It seems
               | like the post you provided is making some unjustified
               | assumptions.
        
           | wredue wrote:
           | Source please. I don't see anywhere that they recommend
           | ivermectin.
           | 
           | To that end, the problem was never ivermectin anyway. The
           | problem was people buying horse dewormer from vet shops and
           | self medicating.
           | 
           | You guys take "hey, maybe don't self medicate with medication
           | meant for horses cause we don't even know if this works, let
           | alone what sorts of dosage or anything is safe and adequate"
           | as a personal attack, and then go off the rails over it.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | The pushback from the CDC was very strong as well as the
             | media and social media. Physicians were being censored and
             | bullied for saying it was okay or for prescribing it.
        
               | wredue wrote:
               | The problem is that you're just taking opportunistic
               | stances.
               | 
               | >Big pharma is bad, and we should not be pushing drugs
               | that were rushed through approvals
               | 
               | This is your position when talking about vaccines,
               | despite the fact that vaccines actually work, and the
               | "rushed" actually just means it skipped months of wait
               | times.
               | 
               | >big pharma is good, and we should be needlessly pushing
               | drugs that have not been through efficacy studies just
               | cause
               | 
               | This is your stance on ivermectin
               | 
               | You're taking two different stances on the same position
               | depending on what your political hero said.
               | 
               | Then you're posting lies, and when called out on the
               | lies, post more lies.
               | 
               | You say that physicians were "being bullied". But they
               | weren't. They were being told not to push unproven drugs.
               | That's not "being bullied".
               | 
               | Physicians were rightfully "being censored" when stating
               | unsubstantiated claimed of efficacy, as the studies don't
               | support them.
               | 
               | Even today, different studies on ivermectin alone produce
               | different results. Yeah. There are studies showing a
               | positive benefit mild cases. But there are also studies
               | showing no difference, and more studies showing zero
               | preventative benefit for becoming serious.
               | 
               | That is to say that even today, we don't have conclusive
               | evidence that ivermectin works. So doctors who declare
               | that it does are lying, and absolutely should have those
               | statement "cancelled".
        
               | aCoreyJ wrote:
               | No they were being censored and bullied if they believed
               | or led their patients to believe it is an effective
               | treatment.
               | 
               | My Uncle had a patient dying yelling he didn't have Covid
               | whose family doctor's only "treatment" was to prescribe
               | them ivermectin.
               | 
               | It's not illegal, but I don't want that doctor.
        
               | raarts wrote:
               | I can tell you that in The Netherlands doctors could be
               | (and still can be) fined up to EUR150.000 if they
               | prescribed HCQ or Ivermectin.
        
             | sab24 wrote:
             | You can find multiple articles online about this recent
             | event, one example:
             | 
             | https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/fda-drops-ivermectin-
             | bomb...
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | The article suggests that the FDA has approved ivermectin
               | as a COVID treatment, which is absolutely false.
               | 
               | A judge ruled that the FDA cannot interfere with the
               | authority of a physician to prescribe medication to a
               | patient. They could be prescribing aspirin to treat
               | COVID, and the ruling would still apply.
        
               | sab24 wrote:
               | You seem to be right about that the FDA does not yet
               | recommend it as a treatment. However large studies do
               | suggest its effectiveness like for example the study
               | here: https://www.cureus.com/articles/111851-regular-use-
               | of-iverme...
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | I have several issues with that study, starting with the
               | fact that they left out 63% of the participants for no
               | clear reason, which is even more damning given the fact
               | that the cohort controlled by the authors themselves.
               | Furthermore, their positive results are based on 280
               | individuals, not the initial sample.
        
               | wredue wrote:
               | You should immediately be suspect of any "study" that
               | random ass just throws half the people out of it. It's
               | clear that this was a "fudge the numbers" scenario
               | 
               | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801827
               | 
               | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2115869
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9308124/
               | 
               | In fact, I cannot find a double blind that supports the
               | use of ivermectin to treat Covid.
        
           | GTP wrote:
           | The story about Ivermectin is much more complicated, I
           | suggest you to read this:
           | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ivermectin-much-
           | more-t... It also talks about why different people might
           | develop different view in the case of Ivermectin and similar
           | situations when you have many data points, close but not
           | enough to reach statistical significance. And the process of
           | science in general.
        
       | feldrim wrote:
       | Came here for scientific comments, found US politics -again.
        
         | dobin wrote:
         | I am perplexed too. Is the word "science" being redefined in
         | the US? Why does it appear that most people discussing here are
         | so... helpless? Needing someone to tell them the truth? Did no
         | one in here ever do any science at all?
        
           | nathan_compton wrote:
           | The vast majority of human beings don't even go to grad
           | school, believe it or not.
        
             | christophilus wrote:
             | I did science in middle school, and still do it today as an
             | adult. What's grad school have to do with anything?
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | I've gone to grad school and only after a lot of years of
               | self study afterward have I really begun to understand
               | what science is, how it actually functions, what the
               | fundamental ontological and epistemological commitments
               | my field makes, etc etc etc. In my opinion graduate
               | school allows the student to _just barely_ touch
               | something like actual knowledge of some specific thing. I
               | think you're just vastly over estimating the actual
               | substance of middle school science education.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Graduate school taught me to respect how little detailed
               | knowledge I have of a specific topic compared to experts
               | who have deeply read the literature. It did not teach me
               | the scientific method.
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | Science is much, much more than the scientific method.
               | I'm glad people get exposed to the idea in grade school
               | or whatever but just being able to list the steps in the
               | scientific method doesn't make you scientifically
               | literate or able to appreciate how knowledge and
               | knowledge generation actually works.
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | The scientific method can be understood by a middle
               | schooler. A rigorous and independent way of thinking can
               | be taught to middle schoolers, too. Understanding the
               | primary causes of bias, both psychological and
               | methodological is also something a middle schooler could
               | be taught, (though I was never really taught it even in
               | university).
               | 
               | Deep understanding of a particular field is something
               | altogether different, and is not what I mean when I talk
               | about capital-S "Science". For that, you need either grad
               | school or a lot of study.
        
               | csours wrote:
               | Did someone close to you growing up do science? Many
               | people do not have someone like that. Many people were
               | raised in an area without well-funded education.
               | 
               | My family was very scientifically minded, and it has also
               | taken me many years to realize what 'science' is.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Your comment sounds to me like "I've won the lottery and
               | I don't understand why everyone else hasn't". Yes it is
               | possible to understand a lot of things about science at
               | an early age; however I do not think very many people
               | have a deep enough understanding of sociology to
               | understand all the implications of public discussion of
               | science.
        
           | doublespanner wrote:
           | Often yes, it's now not defined as simply a description of a
           | process it's "The Science"... An editorilised summary of work
           | that supports some policy or initiative.
           | 
           | It's often not really possible to contradict or contribute to
           | The Science as an outsider, as access to the equipment,
           | samples, and raw data is not available.
        
         | NullPrefix wrote:
         | US politics is global politics. Some government policy might
         | start wars, other policy might end wars. Wars that are
         | overseas, somewhere close to you
        
           | xereeto wrote:
           | US domestic culture war bullshit is decidedly not global
           | politics.
        
             | lodovic wrote:
             | I'm afraid it is - For example, the gender debate leads to
             | other countries introducing draconian laws against the LGBT
             | communities. Some days it's all they talk about on Russian
             | TV. Same for the race debate, it seems some politicians
             | don't know which society they are fighting for. There were
             | people in Sweden demanding government action because of the
             | George Floyd incident. US domestic culture wars do spread
             | globally because of the dominance of US media.
        
         | rusk wrote:
         | In fairness, this is a US site, that does promote a particular
         | kind of political ideology. It's run by VC firm after all.
         | 
         | The trick with HN is to skip past the top comments.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | Well yes, politics is _why_ there 's one party line with the
         | alternatives all buried (and yes there are occasional stories
         | showing that this scales down to internal department politics),
         | and the US is big and influential and cares about all the big
         | hotbutton issues.
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | To be fair, this is more global than US politics. China's got a
         | huge role, along with the WHO, and most European countries.
         | 
         | But yes, it makes me extremely sad how politics has gotten in
         | the way of science. I can now tell what politics a scientist
         | has by which covid origin theory he believes. Things shouldn't
         | be this way, but this is what happens when political entities
         | get involved in the evidence.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | When in history has politics not got in the way of science?
           | 
           | Now don't say it was religion before, because that is just a
           | form of politics itself.
        
         | vore wrote:
         | As they say, when America sneezes, the world catches a cold.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Is this because America isn't obeying the mask rules? I don't
           | get this analogy.
        
             | HKH2 wrote:
             | Because America leads the world, it has a lot of influence
             | over it for better or worse.
        
       | tamimio wrote:
       | Support that but not that easy, when big platforms are censoring
       | actual scientists while amplifying others who align with some
       | narrative, it gets tricky. Just a couple weeks ago about the
       | whole LK99 thing, a barista on Twitter was leading the
       | discussion..
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | We need scientific dissidents now more than ever, do we?
       | 
       | Do we need vaccine harm advocates, anthropogenic climate change
       | "deniers," people who claim life begins at conception, dark
       | matter "deniers," and big bang "deniers," just to name a handful
       | of heterodox positions?
        
         | sinuhe69 wrote:
         | I don't know where your stance is but AFAIK dark matter is not
         | an established fact. In fact, nobody has ever proved the
         | existence of dark matter, not to mention describing its
         | properties or even seen it. Very recently, a research paper
         | made the round with the claim that in very low acceleration,
         | the gravity force works more like MOND and not as Newton or
         | Einstein described. One consequence of such observations is the
         | inconsequence (no need) of dark matter, but the need for a
         | new/modified law of gravity. Would you call such authors
         | "denier"?
         | 
         | The very essence of science is to (able to) denied itself, once
         | discrepancies between theory and observation appear. Every
         | scientific theory in history has been and will be proved wrong,
         | making place for a better one. Every! And that's science.
         | Otherwise, I'll call it doctrine or religion.
         | 
         | I'm very much for fighting the climate change (and consequently
         | believe in its anthropogenic cause). But I welcome anyone who
         | can scientifically disprove it, meaning with facts, logic and
         | falsifiable theory.
        
           | finite_depth wrote:
           | And so does the scientific community. Don't confuse "we need
           | to express the current best consensus when speaking to a
           | public that is not sufficiently well-versed in the subject
           | for fine nuance" with "we're not willing to consider
           | alternative theories".
        
             | kneebonian wrote:
             | Exactly the scientists are the only one smart or educated
             | enough to really understand the info and disseminate it to
             | us who are not accredited degree holding scientists.
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | > people who claim life begins at conception
         | 
         | You mean, biologists and zoologists? Yes, we need those people.
        
         | eimrine wrote:
         | > vaccine harm advocates
         | 
         | At least we need a honest discussion instead of obviously
         | biased propaganda. I did no vax because of just biasness on any
         | type of mass media, and now the vax is just not needed any more
         | for anything. But I am totally OK about other vaccines which
         | discussion is not so greedily (I mean not just sources with 1M+
         | of subscribers but proably 100+ ones too) are being controlled
         | by big brother.
         | 
         | > anthropogenic climate change "deniers"
         | 
         | They do it because of money, we can not ban them because it
         | means banning most of our economy.
         | 
         | > people who claim life begins at conception
         | 
         | We can not ban them because this is what average Joe thinks.
         | And average Joe's average teachers.
         | 
         | > dark matter "deniers," and big bang "deniers,"
         | 
         | This is too complicated topic to be understandable by masses
         | but the opposite is to ban people who are honestly wrong.
         | 
         | PS I clicked to your post to vouch it, because I consider your
         | point as important too, but all I can not do is just upvote,
         | somehow a vouch option is not available here for me.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | I think vouch only shows up when it's [flagged][dead] or
           | [dead], not when it's only [flagged]
        
             | User23 wrote:
             | I asked a rhetorical question and tried to make it balanced
             | by giving a wide range of examples. Unfortunately that just
             | made most people who read it upset. But I'm glad some
             | readers agree it's worth thinking about.
        
         | HardlyCurious wrote:
         | You are bunching dark matter 'deniers' in with anti vaxxers?
         | Really?
         | 
         | Also there really isn't much of an anti vaxxers movement if you
         | separate people opposed to vaccine mandates vs people who think
         | vaccines are unsafe. Separating those camps isn't often
         | preferred for politically convenient reasons, but they believe
         | very different things.
         | 
         | Personal choice and body autonomy should be something we all
         | support. The covid vaccine works, those who get it are
         | protected. Unprotected individuals aren't undoing the
         | protection vaccines provide to the people who get vaccinated.
        
           | empyrrhicist wrote:
           | "Anti-vaxxers" generally refers to people claiming vacccines
           | cause autism/magnetism(?) etc. Most people support bodily
           | autonomy (though most also think that choosing not to get
           | vaccinated should come with additional
           | responsibilities/restrictions so those who partake don't fuck
           | everyone else over).
           | 
           | For my 2c on the comparison, anti vaxxers do more harm, but
           | dark matter deniers are annoying as hell, because (IMHO) they
           | debate with straw men. There's no church of LCDM, its just
           | the current best set of theories until something else comes
           | along. Alternate theories are routinely considered, attempts
           | are being made to falsify or constrain LCDM all the time, and
           | precisely nobody who actually knows anything claims we have
           | any sort of comprehensive understanding of what's going on.
           | 
           | Seeing a bunch of armchair skeptics bash the theories as if
           | they were mindless dogma is annoying AF.
        
           | Infinity315 wrote:
           | > Unprotected individuals aren't undoing the protection
           | vaccines provide to the people who get vaccinated.
           | 
           | This was never the main argument pro-mandate people had. The
           | argument for mandates was that herd immunity would be
           | compromised if a sufficient number of people chose to not to
           | vaccinate thus risking the population which would not be able
           | to get vaccinated such as the immunocompromised.
           | 
           | > Personal choice and body autonomy should be something we
           | all support.
           | 
           | I think this is true up to a point, where that point is is
           | what should be argued. I think if a disease were sufficiently
           | deadly and had a long incubation period such that it would
           | allow itself to spread rapidly, we'd all argue that vaccine
           | mandates should be enforced.
           | 
           | For example, consider the following hypothetical. Suppose a
           | reliable vaccine existed for virus X with similar side-
           | effects to current COVID vaccines. Virus X has 95% mortality
           | for children and is as infectious as COVID, i.e. very
           | infectious. In this scenario, would you still be opposed to
           | vaccine mandates? Even if it had a 100% mortality rate for
           | children and/or were even more infectious?
        
             | brigandish wrote:
             | > In this scenario, would you still be opposed to vaccine
             | mandates?
             | 
             | There are no circumstances in which I would give up my
             | right to bodily autonomy. You could simply tell me those
             | data and I would stay away from others all on my own, like
             | an adult, as was observed of most people in the UK during a
             | pandemic which was not nearly as deadly, with vaccines not
             | nearly as efficacious, nor as safe, nor with an at risk
             | population as important (sorry, granddad) as in your
             | example. Mandates are unnecessary and unjust.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > as was observed of most people in the UK during a
               | pandemic which was not nearly as deadly
               | 
               | And in the US, there was a page (seemingly taken offline
               | sometime in 2021, I haven't been able to find it since)
               | that graphed cell phone mobility data over early 2020 and
               | showed a sudden drop about a week before any lockdowns
               | began. Those orders had no effect (there was no
               | additional drop), people were already doing it on their
               | own.
        
             | zer8k wrote:
             | > I think this is true up to a point, where that point is
             | what should be argued. I think if a disease were
             | sufficiently deadly and had a long incubation period such
             | that it would allow itself to spread rapidly, we'd all
             | argue that vaccine mandates should be enforced.
             | 
             | I see your point. If we are talking theoreticals w.r.t.
             | your following disease/vaccine combination I would like to
             | add the following:
             | 
             | It only works when the vaccine has no side effects long or
             | short term.
             | 
             | Suppose that the scenario happens and a vaccine is in place
             | at light speed. We skip all the normal trials (through
             | cutting them short, whatever) and begin issuing it. We find
             | it to be very effective at what it does and we force
             | everyone to get under penalty of law, placement in a camp,
             | whatever. Pick your poison. What happens if the pharma
             | companies make exactly one mistake?
             | 
             | Now, we can name the drug. Let's call it Thalidomide. Is it
             | worth causing, for example, horrendous birth defects to
             | preserve herd immunity? Now you have to choose between
             | saving people _now_ versus saving people in the _future_.
             | We have no idea what effects mandatory vaccination will
             | have in 10, 20, or 30 years. That is a very scary
             | proposition given how widely issued it was. It 's also
             | strange the FDA said it would take 70 years to release all
             | the data. I think it's naive to think that there won't be
             | _any_ effect. Perhaps not as extreme as thalidomide - but
             | how do we know _today_?
             | 
             | If someone doesn't want to take a vaccine they should be
             | allowed to not take it. They are not immune from
             | consequences. Such as, barring from PRIVATE non-tax-funded
             | establishments. But bodily autonomy should go unquestioned.
             | No matter which way you cut it vaccine mandates are a
             | strike against civil rights.
        
               | Infinity315 wrote:
               | > It only works when the vaccine has no side effects long
               | or short term. ... Now, we can name the drug. Let's call
               | it Thalidomide. Is it worth causing, for example,
               | horrendous birth defects to preserve herd immunity?
               | 
               | Which is why I specified side-effects which are similar
               | to the COVID vaccine.
               | 
               | > What happens if the pharma companies make exactly one
               | mistake? ... Let's call it Thalidomide.
               | 
               | Do you think existing modern medical regulations would
               | permit such an incident? Can you name a more modern
               | example?
               | 
               | > We skip all the normal trials (through cutting them
               | short, whatever) and begin issuing it.
               | 
               | Suppose we impose the same requirements as vaccines on
               | the past. I.e. trials go through normally.
               | 
               | > I think it's naive to think that there won't be any
               | effect.
               | 
               | Can you name examples in which side effects were
               | demonstrated in vaccines up to past a year? Vaccines are
               | metabolized, the effects are only apparent as long as the
               | vaccines contents are within the body.
               | 
               | > Such as, barring from PRIVATE non-tax-funded
               | establishments. But bodily autonomy should go
               | unquestioned. No matter which way you cut it vaccine
               | mandates are a strike against civil rights.
               | 
               | Do you agree that bodily autonomy only extends up to the
               | point at which harm could befall another individual?
               | 
               | To further examine your beliefs, suppose we create a
               | simulation which can perfectly replicate the effects of a
               | drug or vaccine on the human body. We can prove
               | demonstratively that a drug will have no negative side-
               | effects and that it will stop virus X. Are you still
               | against vaccine mandates in this case?
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | Yes. That's what dissidence means.
         | 
         | The problems arise when liars and the deluded adopt the label,
         | but censoring can never be the answer - who decides "The
         | Truth"?
        
       | skepticATX wrote:
       | I'm not sure that a serious discussion of this topic is even
       | possible, but I will attempt it: isn't the consensus still that
       | the virus has a zoonotic origin? That is mostly a rhetorical
       | question, because unless I have missed something, it is. Why do
       | so many folks want to pretend that this has been proven
       | incorrect?
       | 
       | Perhaps I have a selective memory but I seem to remember that
       | most of the pushback against the lab origin theory from people
       | like Fauci was primarily intended to combat racial and ethnic
       | tensions that were growing at the time. Especially when it came
       | to the notion that the virus was _purposely_ released.
       | 
       | I do not recall any reputable scientist completely discounting
       | the lab origin theory; the public statements merely reflected the
       | consensus at the time, which still seems to mostly be the
       | consensus today. So what exactly is the problem here?
        
         | mountainofdeath wrote:
         | Exactly. The worry was that it would provide justification for
         | violence against specific groups which is why it wasn't
         | publicly entertained as a theory even if privately it was.
         | Planting the seed of that thought in an armed populace already
         | on edge is a recipe for disaster.
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | [dead]
        
             | goatlover wrote:
             | Sarcasm? The science isn't settled regarding whether there
             | was a lab leak.
        
             | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
             | It just baffles me how people are shamed, and basically
             | accused of attempted murder, and excluded from society in
             | terms of public events, air travel, immigration, etc. when
             | they make a _choice_ about what to do with their _own
             | bodies_ in a medical situation. Do people in a free nation
             | enjoy the _right to choose_ treatment for our _own bodies_?
             | Don 't come at me about potential harm or risks that are
             | measured in single-percentage-points. Vaccination is not
             | the be-all, end-all of infection control.
        
               | AuthorizedCust wrote:
               | > _Vaccination is not the be-all, end-all of infection
               | control._
               | 
               | For many diseases, it is, and we're better off for that.
               | E.g., measles.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | We've banned this account for trolling. Please don't create
             | accounts to break HN's rules with.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | albedoa wrote:
               | What are you doing. This account is way way _way_ more
               | dangerous and all over this comment section:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=toomim
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Was there ever evidence, or was it just something people were
           | saying?
        
             | webnrrd2k wrote:
             | I remember that there was violence against asian-americans
             | during the first two years of the C-19 pandemic. I could be
             | wrong, but I remember that the violence was directed at
             | them largely because of a right-wing conspiracy theory that
             | the Chinese had purposly leaked the virus as a form of
             | economic warfare.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iraqmtpizza wrote:
               | that narrative was literally made up to get revenge on
               | Trump for saying China virus
        
           | metalspot wrote:
           | i kneel before your noble lies, my philosopher king
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | finite_depth wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | kneebonian wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > isn't the consensus still that the virus has a zoonotic
         | origin?
         | 
         | It's all very well to speak of a "scientific consensus" when
         | that consensus is based on good, peer-reviewed research. But
         | when the evidence is weak, then any "consensus" you might find
         | is indistinguishable from an opinion poll among ill-informed
         | folk. It's not a "scientific consensus", it's just an opinion
         | that's popular.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There is no such consensus. It remains an open question and
         | will probably never be resolved.
         | 
         | https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Report-...
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | If 90% of people agree to a position to appease a few people in
         | power, then it's not really consensus, it's coercion. The topic
         | of COVID's origin is so politically charged, that many people
         | can't state their opinion (or even their facts!) without
         | upsetting someone in charge. That someone may not even be in
         | their own country.
         | 
         | As a random example, Australia was hit with punitive tariffs on
         | tens of billions of dollars of exports to China for merely
         | _suggesting_ that it might be an idea to investigate the
         | origins of COVID.
         | 
         | Similarly, there has been a whole lot of silence coming from
         | the Chinese scientific community. The zoonitic origin theory is
         | the position of the _Chinese government_ , and hence,
         | essentially by law, it is also the position of the scientific
         | community.
         | 
         | The Chinese government doesn't have to bother with such trifles
         | as evidence, facts, or even putting on the pretence of an
         | investigation. They ruled, the matter is closed, there is now
         | consensus.
         | 
         | If you want to know what _real power_ looks like, look no
         | further than this. We 'll now never know where COVID came from
         | definitively, and scientists in _other countries_ are keeping
         | their opinions to themselves, or risking their careers to speak
         | up.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > The topic of COVID's origin is so politically charged, that
           | many people can't state their opinion (or even their facts!)
           | without upsetting someone in charge.
           | 
           | Except that it _is_ stated, it _is_ discussed, and it has
           | been all along.
           | 
           | You want everyone who states any opinion to get a nice silk
           | bag with some lovely gifts in it? Sorry, doesn't work that
           | way.
           | 
           | Nothing has stopped lab-leak theorists from publically
           | stating their case, both in general media and in scientific
           | contexts. Some people are upset about that, because they
           | consider their case to be bullshit, or at best just very
           | unlikely to be correct.
           | 
           | It's not a 3 year old's birthday party. These are substantive
           | questions, and the disagreements are going to hit hard. If
           | you want kumbaya science, stay away from anything that
           | involves (a) differences of interpretation and (b) real world
           | implications.
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | > Nothing has stopped lab-leak theorists from publically
             | stating their case, both in general media and in scientific
             | contexts.
             | 
             | The "misinformation" policies of major social media
             | companies did exactly that.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | So how is that a majority of Americans believe the lab-
               | leak theory?
        
           | fasterik wrote:
           | _> If 90% of people agree to a position to appease a few
           | people in power, then it's not really consensus, it's
           | coercion._
           | 
           | It's a pretty big assumption to assume _that 's_ the reason
           | why scientists outside of China believe in a zoonotic origin,
           | rather than it simply being the case that the weight of
           | available evidence leans in favor of a zoonotic origin. That
           | evidence includes the fact that the earliest confirmed cases
           | clustered around the seafood market, and that there were two
           | separate lineages of the virus found in humans, suggesting
           | multiple zoonotic spillover events. We will never know with
           | 100% certainty what really happened. The scientists working
           | on this have always acknowledged that uncertainty and have
           | never said the probability of a lab leak was zero. I just
           | think the reality is a lot more boring than you're making it
           | out to be.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | >evidence includes the fact that the earliest confirmed
             | cases clustered around the seafood market
             | 
             | That's a debatable point. Michael Worobey produced a paper
             | appearing to show that but that was based on case data
             | effectively supplied by the Chinese government who seem to
             | have gone to some lengths to avoid implicating their labs.
             | 
             | There is another dataset of people who called a helpline
             | early on with covid symptoms and that shows them clustered
             | on the other side of the river away from the market and
             | towards the WIV lab.
             | 
             | So if you are going with trust the government stuff then
             | the cases are clustered around the market. If you don't
             | trust said government then they are clustered towards the
             | lab.
             | 
             | It's an interesting question if the government data is
             | genuine why they show different epicenters.
        
             | tripletao wrote:
             | > and that there were two separate lineages of the virus
             | found in humans
             | 
             | The "two lineages" are two mutations (SNPs) apart, and
             | SARS-CoV-2 averages something around a third of an SNP per
             | human-to-human transmission. So intuitively, it would seem
             | near-impossible to distinguish two spillovers from a
             | mutation during early, unsampled human spread. Pekar et al.
             | built a complicated numerical model that purports to; but
             | it's filled with arbitrary parameter choices, and no model
             | of that form has ever demonstrated significant predictive
             | value. See the criticisms at
             | 
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511625v1
             | 
             | https://nitter.net/nizzaneela/status/1677583662836056065#m
             | 
             | > The scientists working on this have always acknowledged
             | that uncertainty and have never said the probability of a
             | lab leak was zero.
             | 
             | I've linked here to a Lancet correspondence where top
             | scientists "strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting
             | that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin". I guess
             | that's not quite the same thing as "probability zero"; but
             | isn't it even worse?
        
               | IanCal wrote:
               | > I've linked here to a Lancet correspondence where top
               | scientists "strongly condemn conspiracy theories
               | suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin".
               | I guess that's not quite the same thing as "probability
               | zero"; but isn't it even worse?
               | 
               | I remember conspiracy theories that it had been designed
               | and deliberately released, so no it's not really the
               | same.
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | Is there anything in that article that makes you think
               | their condemnation is limited to theories of deliberate
               | release? I don't see it, and I don't think e.g. Facebook
               | did either--they justified their ban with the (false)
               | scientific consensus established by papers like that
               | Lancet correspondence, and their ban applied to
               | accidental release too.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | Sure, scientists can continue to debate the fine points
               | of these issues. The evidence doesn't hinge on the two
               | lineages argument. The following review paper lists a
               | bunch of other reasons why a zoonotic spillover is more
               | likely including genomic structure, similarity to other
               | endemic coronaviruses which had zoonotic origins,
               | epidemiological evidence surrounding the seafood market,
               | etc.
               | 
               | https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(21)00991-0.pdf
               | 
               | Notice that the review seriously considers the
               | possibility of a lab leak, indicating that this wasn't
               | some off-limits topic even back in 2021.
               | 
               | The Lancet letter cites evidence of a natural origin and
               | condemns conspiracy theories. I think that's still
               | largely consistent with the current consensus. Since none
               | of the known samples at the WIV were related to SARS-
               | CoV-2, by definition the truth of the lab leak hypothesis
               | would imply a conspiracy and coverup. I don't think
               | "strongly condemning" something is the same as
               | suppressing public debate about it.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | That article has biased interpretations of the data. It
               | discounts circumstantial evidence of a lab origin, while
               | foregrounding circumstantial evidence of zoonotic origin.
               | 
               | Neither theory has direct evidence. Nobody has found
               | covid at WIV, and nobody found an animal reservoir that
               | could prove zoonotic origin. All we have are two pieces
               | of circumstantial evidence:
               | 
               | (1) Lab origin: Covid was discovered close to the WIV,
               | while it was researching gain-of-function on
               | coronaviruses.
               | 
               | (2) Zoonotic origin: Covid was discovered in a wet
               | market, where past coronaviruses have been known to
               | evolve and leap to humans.
               | 
               | Yet, that article completely discounts (1) as evidence,
               | while calling the evidence of it occurring near WIV "a
               | coincidence":
               | 
               | > There is currently no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has a
               | laboratory origin. There is no evidence that any early
               | cases had any connection to the WIV, in contrast to the
               | clear epidemiological links to animal markets in Wuhan,
               | nor evidence that the WIV possessed or worked on a
               | progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 prior to the pandemic. The
               | suspicion that SARS-CoV-2 might have a laboratory origin
               | stems from the coincidence that it was first detected in
               | a city that houses a major virological laboratory that
               | studies coronaviruses
               | 
               | That is a biased interpretation.
               | 
               | Then it goes on to say that (2) _does_ count as evidence,
               | even though there 's no reservoir animal that could make
               | the direct connection:
               | 
               | > We contend that although the animal reservoir for SARS-
               | CoV2 has not been identified and the key species may not
               | have been tested, in contrast to other scenarios there is
               | substantial body of scientific evidence supporting a
               | zoonotic origin.
               | 
               | Certainly, if you discount all the evidence coming from
               | your opposition, and foreground all the evidence that
               | agrees with you, it's going to look like your side is
               | right.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | It's not circumstantial evidence in the case of the
               | market, there is direct evidence. You're ignoring the
               | fact that contact tracing of early cases pointed to
               | employees of the market and people who visited the
               | market, and that SARS-CoV-2 was found in environmental
               | samples from the market. On the other hand, there is no
               | contact tracing and no biological sample that leads to
               | the WIV or its employees.
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | There's no question that the market was a major cluster,
               | but that doesn't mean it was necessarily the point of
               | introduction. SARS-CoV-2 must have been introduced to
               | other continents at airports or seaports, but that's not
               | where the first major clusters were found there.
               | 
               | SARS-CoV-2 has relatively low IFR, and symptoms easily
               | confused with other respiratory illnesses. This means
               | that even with advance warning and good surveillance,
               | many generations of cryptic spread are possible before
               | someone gets sick enough to get tested. I've seen many
               | fine-grained geographic arguments, both for and against
               | unnatural origin, but would generally consider them to be
               | noise given that early under-ascertainment.
               | 
               | As to the environmental samples, virus was definitely
               | present in the market, since infected humans were
               | present. A few samples with raccoon dog DNA were found
               | with a few SARS-CoV-2 reads; but almost all the SARS-
               | CoV-2 in that market must have come from infected humans,
               | and there's no evidence those reads didn't too. The
               | correlation between SARS-CoV-2 presence and raccoon dog
               | presence is negative, and that correlation is most
               | positive for non-susceptible animal species; so I again
               | think that's noise. This is from Jesse Bloom's analysis
               | at
               | 
               | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538336
               | v1
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | That's direct evidence that covid was in the market, but
               | only circumstantial evidence for where it originated.
               | 
               | The market was both (1) close to the lab and (2) a place
               | where nature contacts humans.
               | 
               | The lab origin theory says it originated in the lab, and
               | then an infected WIV employee came to the market for
               | lunch or dinner and created a super-spreader.
               | 
               | The zoonotic theory says an animal brought it or a
               | precursor to the market, where it possibly mutated and
               | jumped to humans.
               | 
               | The existence of covid in the market provides
               | circumstantial evidence for _both_ theories.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | > (1) Lab origin: Covid was discovered close to the WIV,
               | while it was researching gain-of-function on
               | coronaviruses.
               | 
               | COVID-19 was discovered by Chinese scientists because
               | they were studying this virus and were familiar with it,
               | whereas in other countries, this virus was overlooked as
               | a complication of a common cold. Research on virus
               | strains shows that the COVID-19 epidemic began 2-3 months
               | before the epidemic in Wuhan. Therefore, the evidence for
               | the virus's laboratory origin should look like this:
               | 
               | (1) The virus's high adaptability for human transmission
               | indirectly indicates human intervention in its evolution.
               | 
               | (1) Studies indicate that the global spread of the virus
               | started from the World Military Games in Wuhan,
               | indirectly pointing to the involvement of the military or
               | a military laboratory.
               | 
               | (1) Research shows that the virus's spread began two to
               | three months before the start of the epidemic in Wuhan,
               | indirectly suggesting the involvement of the Russian
               | <<Vector>> laboratory in Novosibirsk, which experienced a
               | serious security incident (explosion and military
               | incursion) during this period.
               | 
               | (2) Zoonotic origin: Covid was discovered in a wet
               | market, where past coronaviruses have been known to
               | evolve and leap to humans.
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | > Notice that the review seriously considers the
               | possibility of a lab leak, indicating that this wasn't
               | some off-limits topic even back in 2021.
               | 
               | I don't think you've been following this debate for very
               | long? The authors of the paper you've linked have worked
               | aggressively and prolifically to destroy the reputations
               | of anyone who suggests that SARS-CoV-2 might have arisen
               | from a research accident. One of them described Yuri
               | Deigin's early summary of the evidence for that as a
               | "Turner Diary-esque manifesto". (The Turner Diaries is a
               | novel popular among violent white supremacists, notably
               | including Timothy McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber.)
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/13462322082063
               | 810...
               | 
               | Their paper includes a strawman of that evidence in order
               | to refute it. If you've mistaken that for serious
               | consideration, then I can't believe you're familiar with
               | the people involved here.
               | 
               | Is there a specific piece of evidence for zoonosis that
               | you consider strong, and would be willing to discuss? You
               | mentioned the "two lineages", and I explained why I
               | thought it was weak; but then you dropped it, and
               | mentioned many other pieces of evidence. If we change the
               | topic with each response then this just becomes a Gish
               | gallop, which isn't productive.
               | 
               | > I don't think "strongly condemning" something is the
               | same as suppressing public debate about it.
               | 
               | Perhaps you don't, but Facebook did--articles like that
               | Lancet correspondence were the justification for the ban
               | that they applied until May 2021. Without the tremendous
               | reputational risks taken by a small number of scientists
               | (Yuri Deigin, Alina Chan, Richard Ebright, etc.), that
               | false consensus could easily have held.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | I have no doubt you're more immersed in these debates
               | than I am. I'm just a casual bystander who (admittedly,
               | maybe too credulously) accepts the mainstream view on the
               | topic. However, given that you're primarily citing
               | Twitter threads rather than scientific papers, my
               | heuristic alarm bells are going off. Has anybody
               | published a good summary of the case for the lab leak in
               | any reputable journal or biorxiv that I can take a look
               | at?
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | I linked to Alex Washburne's criticism of Pekar (the "two
               | lineages" paper) on biorxiv above, and I believe that's
               | generally sound. (Note that he's got a different preprint
               | alleging genomic evidence that SARS-CoV-2 was assembled
               | using BsaI and BsmBI, which I believe is quite wrong.)
               | That Twitter criticism is from a pseudonymous account,
               | but it's clearly some kind of relevant academic.
               | 
               | Prominent journals have been unfortunately willing to
               | publish low-quality work in support of natural zoonosis;
               | I assume you don't think pangolins are the proximal host,
               | but it took Nature more than a year to correct "Isolation
               | of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan
               | pangolins". David Relman published a note back in 2020,
               | which doesn't say much but does refute the arguments of
               | "Proximal origin":
               | 
               | https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2021133117
               | 
               | There's no more recent summary that I'd recommend. The
               | most notable development since then is perhaps the
               | absence of notable developments; there's still very
               | little evidence on either side, and these arguments often
               | devolve into whether the PRC is covering up a research
               | accident or covering up zoonotic origin. If SARS-CoV-2
               | did arise from a research accident, then the evidence
               | confirming that may be an intelligence matter (like a
               | leaked document) rather than new science. For example,
               | the Sverdlovsk anthrax incident wasn't confirmed to be a
               | lab accident until the fall of the Soviet Union.
               | 
               | Alina Chan's book is written for a popular audience, but
               | well-referenced into the scientific literature. Jesse
               | Bloom does excellent work, but his papers address
               | particular narrow questions, nothing like a summary.
        
           | hotdogscout wrote:
           | Please take a look at this analysis if you can.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/hhMAt3BluAU
        
         | tripletao wrote:
         | > I do not recall any reputable scientist completely
         | discounting the lab origin theory
         | 
         | Here's The Lancet in Feb 2020:
         | 
         | > We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories
         | suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin.
         | 
         | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...
         | 
         | The authors are in positions of considerable influence, both
         | scientifically and directly on funding (e.g. Farrar at the
         | Wellcome Trust). So if those don't count as "reputable", who
         | would?
         | 
         | > isn't the consensus still that the virus has a zoonotic
         | origin?
         | 
         | There is no conclusive evidence for any origin of SARS-CoV-2.
         | All past pandemics of novel[1] viruses have been of natural
         | origin; but the technology to engineer a novel pathogen didn't
         | exist until recently, so that past tells us nothing about the
         | relative risks of natural spillover vs. a research accident.
         | 
         | 1. I say "novel" to exclude the 1977 flu pandemic, which near-
         | certainly arose from a research accident and killed ~700k
         | people. No one seems to care, and I'm not sure why.
        
         | xqcgrek2 wrote:
         | Covid death maps need to be corrected for population age and
         | underlying health conditions such as metabolic syndrome or
         | obesity.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | It depends who you ask and what evidence you look at but I'd
         | guess it most likely came from manipulation in a lab.
         | 
         | Until recently you get banned from forums etc for saying that,
         | indeed I was censored, and one of the reasons behind that was a
         | letter to Nature from some respected scientists saying it was
         | almost certainly not from a lab.
         | 
         | But it's recently been exposed they were basically lying. In
         | private conversations said thought it probably was a lab leak
         | but changed it for probably political reasons. (here's a fun
         | graphic with some stuff they said https://twitter.com/JamieMetz
         | l/status/1682816578872565761/ph...)
         | 
         | You won't see that said much by career scientists because doing
         | so could still quite likely muck up their career.
         | 
         | Funnily enough the most recent information seems to lean
         | towards it being from one of the most conspiracyish things - an
         | accidental release of a product of a chinese bioweapons
         | research program - see https://archive.is/DSbF2
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | > isn't the consensus still that the virus has a zoonotic
         | origin? That is mostly a rhetorical question, because unless I
         | have missed something, it is. Why do so many folks want to
         | pretend that this has been proven incorrect?
         | 
         | There is no such consensus. That is one hypothesis. The other
         | hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 was the product of gain-of-
         | function research carried out at the Wuhan Institute of
         | Virology. There have been a number of papers published arguing
         | for either hypothesis. Interestingly, it was recently
         | discovered that the authors of one of the papers arguing
         | against the lab leak hypothesis had privately expressed the
         | opinion that the lab leak hypothesis was almost certainly
         | correct.
         | 
         | > Perhaps I have a selective memory but I seem to remember that
         | most of the pushback against the lab origin theory from people
         | like Fauci was primarily intended to combat racial and ethnic
         | tensions that were growing at the time. Especially when it came
         | to the notion that the virus was purposely released.
         | 
         | That doesn't really make any sense if you think about it. The
         | uptick in violent crime against Asian-Americans started in the
         | summer months alongside the more general uptick in violent
         | crime. Furthermore, the official narrative essentially blamed
         | the pandemic on Chinese people buying unsanitary exotic meat
         | from wet markets. To me, that seems far more likely to incite
         | ethnic hatred than simply pinning the blame on the Wuhan
         | Institute of Virology.
         | 
         | > I do not recall any reputable scientist completely
         | discounting the lab origin theory
         | 
         | At one point, the lab leak theory was considered
         | "misinformation" and censored by social media companies,
         | supposedly based on the guidance they received from public
         | health authorities.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | > The other hypothesis
           | 
           | That is one other hypothesis, not "the other" hypothesis.
           | 
           | Here's another: Accidental leak of a natural virus. "Lab
           | leak" encompasses both.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | There is no consensus.
        
         | conception wrote:
         | For those interested they found SARS in a bat cave
         | (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-07766-9 )but it
         | took five years of hunting. Something similar will probably
         | happen with Covid here in the future.
         | 
         | Like 9/11 conspiracies, it's more comforting to think someone
         | is in charge and in control when terrible things happen then
         | that terrible things can happen from random and weak sources.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | A lab leak would mean there was a lack of proper control.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | They're extremely common: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis
             | t_of_laboratory_biosecurity...
             | 
             | And keep in mind these are only the ones we know about.
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | A historic first.... or wait..
        
           | tripletao wrote:
           | You've misunderstood the article that you linked. Scientists
           | found SARS-1 in civet cats and raccoon dogs within about a
           | year of the first human outbreaks. We believe these are the
           | animals that first transmitted SARS-1 to humans.
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5241a2.htm
           | 
           | Much later, Dr. Zhengli Shi found viruses related to SARS-1
           | in bats. These bat viruses are more distant genetically from
           | the human samples than the civet and racoon dog viruses were;
           | but they're significant because of the prevalence and
           | diversity of such viruses. This suggests that SARS-1 evolved
           | mostly in bats (the reservoir hosts), then spilled to civets
           | and racoon dogs (the proximal hosts) and evolved a little
           | more, then spilled to humans.
           | 
           | SARS-CoV-2 is close enough genetically to SARS-1 that we knew
           | immediately that the reservoir host was bats. The proximal
           | host still hasn't been found, despite the much greater effort
           | to search. This doesn't mean SARS-CoV-2 is necessarily
           | unnatural, since the exact zoonotic transmission path is
           | still unknown for other viruses that are certainly of natural
           | origin (e.g. Ebola). It's different from both SARS-1 and
           | MERS, though.
        
       | olalonde wrote:
       | The problem is when we fully defer to scientists on things that
       | are beyond their area of expertise. For instance, while an
       | epidemiologist can provide valuable guidance on measures that
       | could reduce the spread of a virus, they might not be equipped to
       | assess the broader implications of these measures on aspects like
       | the economy, child development, or mental health. Similarly, a
       | climate scientist can project temperature changes for the coming
       | century, but determining the comprehensive impact of these
       | changes on human societies or conducting a cost-benefit analysis
       | of various measures to mitigate it might be outside their domain.
        
         | drapado wrote:
         | Fortunately, expertise is not limited to a single concrete
         | topic. There are experts in climate change from a socio-
         | economic perspective, which are able to do science in such
         | complex environments :)
        
           | olalonde wrote:
           | If such experts existed, centrally planned economies would
           | work wonderfully. Unfortunately, they don't. For sufficiently
           | complex problems, the knowledge is diffuse across a wide
           | range of individuals and there is no one expert we can turn
           | to. That's why debate, and tolerating dissent, is important.
        
             | __loam wrote:
             | Dissent is important, within reason. Things like claiming a
             | medication we know is ineffective can cure Covid in the
             | face of 99% of the medical establishment telling you you're
             | a moron is not within reason, for example.
        
             | agoose77 wrote:
             | Huh? These experts absolutely exist - look e.g. at iSAGE
             | during the pandemic in the UK. They combined epidemiology
             | with sociology to provide a more comprehensive view of the
             | situation. It's just that you ultimately have to listen to
             | people saying "do X, which is expensive". Governments don't
             | on the whole tend to love that.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | If we had made significant investments in CO2 reduction a
         | decade or two earlier when scientists told us the full range of
         | future effects, we would be in a much better position than we
         | are today. Whoever is selling you this "comprehensive impact"
         | nonsense lied to you so they could continue using the
         | atmosphere as a dumping ground.
        
           | ChadNauseam wrote:
           | The GP comment is objectively true. Most climatologists study
           | the climate, rather than the economics of climate
           | intervention. "Climatologists agree that global warming is
           | real" is them speaking within their area of expertise,
           | "Climatologists agree that an investment in solar panels is
           | worth the cost" is laundering their authority from one area
           | into a superficially similar one. The fact that solar panels
           | are worth the cost doesn't impact this argument
           | 
           | However, since climatologists are much smarter than the
           | average person, I would still rather that the average person
           | defer to climatologists on almost any issue (regardless of
           | what it has to do with the climate)
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | > However, since climatologists are much smarter than the
             | average person, I would still rather that the average
             | person defer to climatologists on almost any issue
             | 
             | Half of everyone is 'smarter' than the other half.
             | 
             | There are climatologists that are not 'smarter' than me.
             | Should they defer?
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | >since climatologists are much smarter than the average
             | person
             | 
             | What's the logic behind that? Intelligence doesn't conjure
             | up knowledge out of thin air, doesn't make someone any more
             | knowledgeable about something outside their specialisation
             | than anyone else.
        
               | transcriptase wrote:
               | It's an especially weird field to make that claim about,
               | given every major prediction to ever come out of it has
               | been wrong.
        
               | callalex wrote:
               | Got any data to back up that claim? Because all the data
               | available to me disagrees with you. Here's an easy to
               | digest presentation of said data: https://blogs.scientifi
               | camerican.com/observations/scientists...
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | Apart from the fact that Scientific American has taken an
               | unfortunate ideological bent the last years and as such
               | is no longer the "unbiased scientific source" it once was
               | reputed to be I don't think the claim of 'every major
               | prediction to ever come out of it has been wrong' can be
               | refuted by an article which claims that 'things are even
               | worse than currently predicted'. It _could_ be refuted by
               | showing earlier predictions from _climate science_ which
               | did come true. This is probably what _transcriptase_ was
               | referring to when he made that claim as it is indeed hard
               | to find historical climate predictions - made before the
               | subject was politicised - which turned out to be true
               | while the field is littered with predictions which turned
               | out to be wrong. From Ehrlich 's famine forecasts through
               | the new ice scare of the 70's to acid rain there are
               | plenty of examples where things did not turn out as
               | predicted.
               | 
               | Maybe you have some examples where the predictions
               | actually came true? If so, please share them. It is much
               | harder to find out when things went as predicted than the
               | opposite since the former does not nearly get as much
               | attention as the latter.
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | A downvote is not a vote of confidence in _climate
               | science_ but more of the opposite. I can only assume that
               | there is no proof to be had of earlier predictive
               | successes and with that the original statement made by
               | _transcriptase_ is strengthened rather than weakened.
               | Assuming that this is not the intended result it would be
               | good to get an actual answer to the request - give some
               | examples of predictions close enough to the mark to
               | matter.
               | 
               | You may think this is just a word game but there is more
               | at play. Blind belief in the outcome of flawed models is
               | a bad foundation for good science. Climate models are
               | notorious for their dependency on 'fudge factors',
               | magical constants which need to be introduced to make
               | their outcome match the expected one. It is not clear
               | what those fudge factors actually represent, it can be
               | anything from a simple miscalculation of a given effect
               | of one of the inputs - i.e. something which does not
               | change the predictive power of the model once the factor
               | has been dialled in correctly - to an unknown variable
               | input which has substantial effect on the output. The
               | latter can seriously affect the predictive power of model
               | output since it is by definition unknown whether the
               | fudge factor is related to the output in some way, e.g.
               | cloud cover affecting temperature sensitivity which in
               | turn affects cloud cover leading to uncertainty in the
               | climate sensitivity of simulated inputs. Cloud cover is
               | just an example, there are many other similar factors
               | which can wreak havoc with the predictive capacity of
               | complex and sometimes - often - poorly understood models.
        
         | throwaway22032 wrote:
         | Some things are simply not a matter of expertise.
         | 
         | One could theoretically show comprehensively that individual
         | freedoms reduce economic output and decrease average life span,
         | and that would still not be an argument to restrict them.
        
           | ciwolsey wrote:
           | You mean like drug abuse?
        
             | throwaway22032 wrote:
             | There are all sorts of things that I personally disagree
             | with that I'll fight for your right to do.
             | 
             | If you want to have ten sexual partners at once, do a ton
             | of drugs, generally live a hedonistic lifestyle, you do
             | you. I'll judge you and won't associate with you, but I'm
             | not going to stand in your way.
        
           | zbentley wrote:
           | Why not?
        
             | throwaway22032 wrote:
             | You've answered your own question by posting that response.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
             | created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
             | certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
             | Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these
             | rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving
             | their just powers from the consent of the governed."
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Maximum economic output isn't the ultimate "good" most
             | people are aiming for.
        
               | zbentley wrote:
               | True, but output is highly correlated with prosperity in
               | most places and through most of history for which we have
               | data. Increased lifespan is also generally understood to
               | be positive.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | I would rather not have the government tell me how to
               | live my life even if it means I die young.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | At best such things are decided through majority vote, at
               | worst through some series of opaque bureaucratic
               | bargaining.
               | 
               | And the proportion of mostly self-interested folks is
               | quite high in both cases, or at least that's what many HN
               | commentators allege to be the case.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Yes, this is true, but then who actually takes the decisions?
         | Someone who isn't an expert on anything at all.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | I don't think we need experts, we need polymaths, people who
           | are sufficiently good enough not in one thing, but in
           | multiple things and work at the intersection of the
           | information needed to make proper decisions.
        
             | Loquebantur wrote:
             | Society is meant to overcome individual shortcomings via
             | constructive collaboration.
             | 
             | Adding individual strengths, not weaknesses, necessitates
             | adherence to some rules in open communication. Science
             | should know explicitly how to do that.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | Luckily, scientists don't make these decisions - policymakers
         | do.
         | 
         | This is a non issue.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | Rather than do their job of balancing competing priorities,
           | many of the elected policy makers handed the keys over to a
           | bunch of insane public health officials. In many places said
           | unelected, unaccountable public health officials had the
           | authority to enact all kinds of crazy crap. That's why many
           | blue state cities continued to have mask mandates, vaccine
           | mandates and more well into the three year mark.
           | 
           | If 2020 taught me anything, it's that technocracy is a
           | horrible form of government. If "heath-care experts" were
           | given the chance, I fully imagine us still playing covid
           | theater to this day.
        
             | manuelabeledo wrote:
             | Again, health officials don't make these decisions. They
             | don't have the power.
             | 
             | > If 2020 taught me anything, it's that technocracy is a
             | horrible form of government. If "heath-care experts" were
             | given the chance, I fully imagine us still playing covid
             | theater to this day.
             | 
             | You may want to take a look at the mortality rates of the
             | US vs those of other developed nations where the
             | "technocrats", as you call them, were listened to closely.
             | What I see in there is a complete failure of the US as a
             | society, an example of people throwing the most vulnerable
             | under the bus to avoid slight inconveniences like wearing a
             | mask.
             | 
             | Regardless, the opposite of this "technocracy" is leaving
             | specialized agencies in the hands of utterly unprepared
             | people, career politicians, businesspeople and lawyers,
             | instead of scientists and engineers. That is just madness.
        
               | soundnote wrote:
               | The technocrats themselves didn't believe in their own
               | measures, as seen by press briefings where people took
               | off the masks the moment the briefing was over, or
               | decisionmakers flouting their own rules to go dining out
               | in an indoor location while the plebs were in lockdown.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Anecdotal.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | It takes an incredible amount of sheltered privilege to
               | write of what I wrote as anecdotal.
               | 
               | But anything that doesn't support the politically driven
               | covid narrative is misinformation. I'm used to it by now.
               | 
               | Somebody I once asked me if I've been living under a rock
               | when I raised similar concerns early on. Which makes me
               | laugh... the people living under rocks are all the people
               | who cannot see the damage their myopic fixation caused.
               | Writing my concerns off as "anecdotal" just demonstrates
               | my point.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Anecdotal.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | > people throwing the most vulnerable under the bus to
               | avoid slight inconveniences like wearing a mask.
               | 
               | That's one variable. I suspect another is ~ _revenge_ ,
               | for past transgressions, real or imagined.
               | 
               | As the saying goes: "As ye sow, so shall ye reap", and
               | while sayings like this (there are many) is obviously
               | speculative, I suspect there's a lot of truth to it.
               | 
               | > Regardless, the opposite of this "technocracy" is
               | leaving specialized agencies in the hands of utterly
               | unprepared people, career politicians, businesspeople and
               | lawyers, instead of scientists and engineers. That is
               | just madness.
               | 
               | An alternate approach is that we could collectively
               | pursue optimality, regardless of whether that is outside
               | the current Overton Window of behavior. No obligation,
               | but it is an option if things ever get really bad.
               | 
               | This is what so called democracy is advertised as doing,
               | but I suspect that advertising is rather false.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > an example of people throwing the most vulnerable under
               | the bus to avoid slight inconveniences like wearing a
               | mask
               | 
               | Which is cool unless you are deaf and need to see faces
               | to understand what people are saying. But who gives a
               | shit about those people... as long as it isn't covid it
               | doesn't matter.
               | 
               | Speaking of vulnerable people... how about victims of
               | domestic of violence forced to live with their abuser
               | because of lockdown orders? Doesn't matter... not covid.
               | 
               | How about the elderly in assisted living facilities who
               | were isolated from their friends and family thanks to
               | lockdowns? Loneliness is an actual killer you know. But
               | since they aren't dying of covid who cares if they die
               | completely alone. They don't even get a proper funeral...
               | unless they are George Floyd, then you get multiple huge
               | public funerals. Speaking of funerals none of those
               | "millions" of dead covid people didn't get funerals
               | either. Only celebrities get funerals in covid land--
               | everything else is a "superspreader" event killing
               | hundreds of grandmas.
               | 
               | Speaking of vulnerable, how about kids whose only safe
               | haven is school? What about special needs kids whose
               | classes and therapies were canceled? What about them?
               | Since it's not covid, who gives a shit.
               | 
               | Nope. In the myopic world of covidianism, the only thing
               | that matters is covid. Anything else doesn't matter at
               | all. Covidians can wave the "I'm saving grandma" flag all
               | they want and call everybody else selfish assholes who
               | don't care about "vulnerable people" but those same
               | people don't give a flying fuck about vulnerabilities
               | populations at all.
        
               | southernplaces7 wrote:
               | Except if you look at COVID mortality by state, there's
               | only partial correlation between the zealousness of
               | mandates and death rates [link below] Also, easing up on
               | measures that never fully clarified their cost-benefit
               | analysis and caused all kinds of real harm while also
               | often descending into the ideologically and theatrically
               | absurd wasn't just about "avoiding slight
               | inconveniences".
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1109011/coronavirus-
               | covi...
        
               | soundnote wrote:
               | In Finland, they started demanding COVID passports for
               | staying at the bar in the evening. Also, if the
               | establishment didn't sell alcohol, you didn't need the
               | passport. The coronavirus is an amazingly smart pathogen,
               | it can tell what you drink. Or the purpose of an outdoor
               | gathering so it will definitely kill churchgoers but
               | spare the BLM protesters.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | > In Finland, they started demanding COVID passports for
               | staying at the bar in the evening. Also, if the
               | establishment didn't sell alcohol, you didn't need the
               | passport.
               | 
               | Not true [0]
               | 
               | > Or the purpose of an outdoor gathering so it will
               | definitely kill churchgoers but spare the BLM protesters.
               | 
               | Also, not true. But even if it was, given your apparent
               | position about COVID, you must admit that outdoor
               | gatherings are less risky than indoors.
               | 
               | [0] https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-//1271139/restrictions-
               | on-open....
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Even if it was "risky" indoors it didn't matter. State
               | the risks and let people decide what to do. Don't force a
               | barbaric, draconian, unproven, unscientific set of multi-
               | year mandates on people.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Better to force illness and death, of course!
               | 
               | You sound a lot like the "I want to socialize, fuck them
               | grandpas" kind of crowd. Bet you were devastated when you
               | couldn't go to the office and had to hang out with the
               | family (ugh) all day long.
        
               | soundnote wrote:
               | They absolutely did have rules like that - a bar I went
               | to had to adopt those strange measures to stay open. They
               | got amended later when people complained that the
               | measures were completely silly.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Cannot comment on these numbers, other than the fact that
               | they are incomplete. Again, compared to other developed
               | countries, the US had one of the worst outcomes.
               | 
               | > Also, easing up on measures that never fully clarified
               | their cost-benefit analysis and caused all kinds of real
               | harm while also often descending into the ideologically
               | and theatrically absurd wasn't just about "avoiding
               | slight inconveniences".
               | 
               | I'm waiting for anyone to prove that having to put on a
               | mask was much more disruptive than COVID-19 or death. In
               | HN, "social issues" come up a lot, like kids having to
               | use masks and somehow suffering from "delays" in social
               | learning, which doesn't seem to apply to me, as I have
               | two young kids and they and their friends turned out to
               | be just fine.
               | 
               | Funny though, kids seem to bitch less about masks and
               | vaccines than adults.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > Funny though, kids seem to bitch less about masks and
               | vaccines than adults.
               | 
               | That is only because they are too young to have the life
               | experience required to call bullshit. And even if they
               | could they have zero political power because they are
               | kids.
               | 
               | And keep dreaming about how it caused no damage. We
               | fucked over an entire generation of kids. It's absolutely
               | shameful what we did to kids. Adults sacrifice for their
               | young. Not the other way around.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | > Adults sacrifice for their young. Not the other way
               | around.
               | 
               | Kill them grandpas, I want to go to the bar. Am I right?
        
               | oceanplexian wrote:
               | Health officials literally made extremely poor,
               | technocratic decisions all throughout the pandemic, I
               | don't know how you can claim otherwise. Quite literally,
               | signs were posted in places like parks, beaches, and
               | outdoor spaces that you could not go there "per order of
               | the health department".
               | 
               | The idea that you can't go to the park to get fresh air
               | when there's an airborne virus floating around in closed
               | spaces is literally the perfect example of a technocracy
               | going completely off the rails.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | You may want to read those signs a bit more closely,
               | because the CDC did not close schools, parks, beaches, or
               | restaurants.
               | 
               | > Police enforced the orders in a lot of cases,
               | astonishingly even when there was no law in place
               | delegating that authority to them, or when it was
               | blatantly illegal and contradicted the US Constitution
               | (i.e Religious assembly).
               | 
               | That's one of the things why the US was a laughing stock
               | worldwide: prioritizing going to mass to a pandemic.
               | 
               | But it is worth noting that these orders came from state
               | governor offices, _not_ the CDC. Again, the CDC does not
               | have that kind of power.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | /s ?
           | 
           | Ackshually, plenty of policymakers have no clue about the
           | topics they decide on, and that's a big issue.
        
             | manuelabeledo wrote:
             | > Ackshually, plenty of policymakers have no clue about the
             | topics they decide on, and that's a big issue.
             | 
             | Yes, sarcasm.
             | 
             | When I see someone complaining about technocrats, my eyes
             | roll so hard it hurts.
             | 
             | These people would be happy with a TV host as head of NASA,
             | and see no issues with it.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | Who are these "policy makers" and how did they come to power?
           | I believe the leadership in the major blocs(the U.S.A, EU,
           | China) are not doing a great job running the planet.
           | 
           | In most of the western (so called) democracies, the "policy
           | makers" primary skill is being put on a ballot for a
           | political party, by the party leadership, frequently not the
           | most qualified people to rule a country.
           | 
           | Crucially, popular referendums should be held, often and the
           | more radical proposals the more important it is to have the
           | popular support.
        
         | ThomPete wrote:
         | This is not the problem. The problem is that thinking in terms
         | of these distinct subject matter is at the very heart of the
         | problem. Reality doesn't have a clear divide between different
         | subjects.
         | 
         | You can start from anywhere and build knowledge from there,
         | there is no faculty that gaurantees some knowledge being
         | objective. There is only conjecture and criticism.
        
         | MengerSponge wrote:
         | When? WTF are you talking about "when we fully defer"? It's
         | deeply hilarious that you've picked COVID response and climate
         | change as the exemplars of "times we fully deferred to
         | scientists"
         | 
         | If we actually cared about child development we would still be
         | much more serious about controlling the virus. We would still
         | wear masks. Millions of people have died. Millions more have
         | some version of a permanent disability. Kids are developing
         | diabetes at an accelerated rate after contracting the disease.
         | Western countries with more stringent controls saw faster
         | economic growth.
         | 
         | And it would be a fuckin' dream to have a nuanced policy debate
         | about how to respond to climate change. Instead, we've just
         | gone through the standard denialism playbook:
         | 1) It's not real, so we can just keep doing what we've been
         | doing         2) It might be real but the cost of mitigation is
         | too high, and would be better spent on other programs         >
         | We're here now         3) It's real and it's too late to do
         | anything, so we can just keep doing what we've been doing
         | 
         | We've never fully deferred to scientists, but as a scientist:
         | yes. Don't fully defer to me. But maybe listen a little
         | sometimes, as a treat.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | Look at you being a prime example of an "expert" thinking we
           | should enact his politics because he said so. Exactly the
           | kind of thing GP is saying.
        
           | vGPU wrote:
           | > If we actually cared about child development we would still
           | be much more serious about controlling the virus. We would
           | still wear masks.
           | 
           | "[Masks] had a significant effect on the children's emotion
           | recognition accuracy" along with causing a decline in
           | language processing ability.
           | 
           | Try again.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9637007/
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | Covid was appeals to authority all the way down. The whole
           | plot rested on "shut up, disengage your brain and listen to
           | these people we decided to label as 'experts'".
           | 
           | Experts don't get to make policy decisions. Ever. That isn't
           | their job. Our reaction to covid was living proof of why that
           | should never, ever happen.
        
             | manuelabeledo wrote:
             | > Experts don't get to make policy decisions.
             | 
             | And they didn't.
             | 
             | Sadly, policymakers in the US didn't listen to them too
             | closely either, and prefer to use COVID as a weapon for
             | their tribalist wars, so here we are, with over a million
             | death.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | We would have had a million deaths no matter what we did.
               | Covid wasn't going anywhere. The idea we could control or
               | contain it was a fantasy.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | How exceptional is the US, compared to other countries?
               | 
               | Many other developed nations had better outcomes with
               | stricter measures, and here you are, arguing that it
               | doesn't matter because, _whatever_?
        
             | aCoreyJ wrote:
             | 100s of thousands more died in the US because of how little
             | we listened to experts. That's just fatalities, not other
             | negative consequences . Our vaccination rates are
             | abhorrent.
             | 
             | Even if you just look economically, the US set itself back
             | massively with supply chain and labor issues we will be
             | dealing with for decades because of it.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | The US set itself for supply chain and labor issues for
               | hysterically enacting crazy mandates that gave the
               | appearance of dealing with exactly one specific illness
               | to the exclusion of every other problem in the world.
               | This myopic fixation on covid and only covid is what we
               | will be dealing with for decades.
               | 
               | Our numbers are basically the same as any other country
               | on earth. The truth is you can't contain or control a
               | highly infectious respiratory virus no matter what "The
               | Experts" or politicians claimed. And even if we could
               | have, that doesn't make any of the draconian mandates
               | okay. Even if we did absolutely nothing the numbers would
               | have been basically the same, only we wouldn't have
               | destroyed our schools, government institutions, our local
               | communities, the elderly, the or working class.
               | 
               | But hey, who cares about the costs of the mitigations.
               | Only covid mattered. Worrying about anything else made
               | you a grandma killer subject to all kinds of verbal
               | abuse.
        
               | ericfr11 wrote:
               | The "interesting" part (as in, interesting to study for a
               | psychological and social angle) was the aversion of some
               | people to understand the situation (which was complex)
               | and be a good player. Lots of people have a hard time to
               | extend their view of the world, and play in their own
               | bubble
        
               | southernplaces7 wrote:
               | Worse still was the tendency of the control-measure and
               | lockdown theatrics to later extend into a strange
               | national version of Goodheart's law, in which the measure
               | of cases (not deaths but just cases, even after the virus
               | became milder) became a target and fixation for pursuing
               | continued control measures that by almost all estimates
               | didn't work much at all.
               | 
               | I can think of only one large country exception to this,
               | which was China for a time (though their numbers can't be
               | trusted) and at least as far as i'm concerned enacting
               | those kinds of measures is unacceptable in any context
               | for a virus that eventually would end up causing more or
               | less the same mortality effects either way.
               | 
               | Much of the highly biased, often irrational lockdown
               | obsession in the U.S (and other countries) was a deluded
               | technocratic attempt to impose pseudoclinical fantasy on
               | a reality that didn't conform.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Don't be ridiculous. COVID-19 was never a serious risk to
           | children. It's less dangerous to them than RSV which has been
           | around forever, and we never forced people to wear masks
           | because of RSV. And there is no reliable evidence that masks
           | were even effective anyway.
           | 
           | https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6
        
             | aCoreyJ wrote:
             | "The high risk of bias in the trials, variation in outcome
             | measurement, and relatively low adherence with the
             | interventions during the studies hampers drawing firm
             | conclusions."
             | 
             | There have been other studies that have found
             | effectiveness, and basically all agree on no downside.
             | 
             | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
             | conditions/coronavirus/i...
             | 
             | As far as children, there are a lot more negative effects
             | that can happen that aren't fatal. There is a lot we don't
             | know still
        
           | kbelder wrote:
           | >If we actually cared about child development we would still
           | be much more serious about controlling the virus. We would
           | still wear masks.
           | 
           | If you are a scientist, don't willfully evade evidence you
           | don't want to accept.
        
         | jgalt212 wrote:
         | > For instance, while an epidemiologist can provide valuable
         | guidance on measures that could reduce the spread of a virus,
         | they might not be equipped to assess the broader implications
         | of these measures on aspects like the economy, child
         | development, or mental health
         | 
         | Amen to that. Some / most of them seemingly had little grasp of
         | the the concept of cost / benefit analysis. And we let these
         | jackasses (some, not all of them) drive the bus!
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | > Some / most of them seemingly had little grasp of the the
           | concept of cost / benefit analysis
           | 
           | Massive economic impact from social distancing vs massive
           | economic impact from mass casualties and complete collapse of
           | the healthcare system. Those are your choices lol.
        
           | ciwolsey wrote:
           | I don't agree anyone let scientists drive the bus. Scientists
           | advised and the responsibility of balancing that advise
           | against factors such as the economy was entirely the
           | responsibility politicians and leaders.
        
             | jgalt212 wrote:
             | de facto vs de jure
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | No one is looking to people who do weather modeling for policy
         | advice. They do occasionally ask economists, but then generally
         | ignore their advice due to being politically unpopular.
         | 
         | I suspect you greatly over-estimate how much politicians
         | listened to epidemiologists during covid as well. A lot of
         | decisions were more out of desire to be seen to be doing
         | something, because the voters went to them and essentially
         | demanded they do something.
        
           | Loquebantur wrote:
           | "Policy makers", aka the government, _should be_ weighing
           | actions depending on their outcomes as projected by expert
           | consensus. That weighing _should be_ to optimize according to
           | a pre-defined value system, which of course is a matter of
           | political deliberation.
           | 
           | To prefer personal interests (like not to have to wear a
           | mask) over common interests (to protect against pandemic
           | effects) incurs the negative consequences irrespective of
           | whether one pretends to know better than the experts.
           | 
           | To let others play dumb and act against society is to be dumb
           | yourself.
        
           | bugglebeetle wrote:
           | > I suspect you greatly over-estimate how much politicians
           | listened to epidemiologists during covid as well.
           | 
           | It's wild to me that after American saw a crazy amount of
           | deaths and then dismantled most of its pandemic response and
           | monitoring, people are still claiming "wow, politicians
           | really were too cautious in listening to scientists." Has
           | everyone just memory-holed stuff like when they slashed
           | quarantine times at the peak of one of the most deadly surges
           | "because the economy?"
        
             | __loam wrote:
             | It's also fun to see people here pretend there's not a huge
             | field studying public health and the effect of these
             | policies on things like the economy. Yeah, social
             | distancing was bad for the economy. Having millions more
             | deaths due to Covid and the total collapse of the
             | healthcare system in this country would have also been bad
             | for the economy.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Sure but if those experts were so smart, wouldn't they
               | have been able to foresee the second order effect of
               | crappy messaging and prevent conspiracy theories from
               | taking hold?
               | 
               | Or foresee the effects of labeling things that aren't
               | conspiracy theories as conspiracy theories and ruining
               | their own credibility?
        
               | ImaCake wrote:
               | They did. The reason for going hard and fast on
               | quarantine and lockdown is to make them as quick as
               | possible. A reminder that _this worked_ really well in
               | Australia, Nz, South Korea, China, Vietnam, etc etc.
        
               | ta8645 wrote:
               | > A reminder that this worked really well in Australia,
               | Nz, South Korea, China, Vietnam, etc etc.
               | 
               | Even excluding all the confounding variables, your
               | assertion can not be stated so unequivocally, considering
               | there has not been time to do long term studies on the
               | outcomes overall. There may have been an initial success,
               | but will it be maintained overall with all factors
               | considered? How will it look 5 and 10 years later?
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | Trying to address every insane rant on social media is
               | completely impossible. Also, do you have any actual
               | examples of them mislabeling "conspiracy theories"? I
               | think the public health establishment did a fine job
               | given the challenge they faced. It was never going to be
               | perfect. The fact that we got a vaccine as quickly as we
               | did, organized a mass vaccination campaign and all that
               | did end the pandemic is proof that all the policies
               | succeeded, not that they failed.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | There was a concerted effort to label the lab leak as a
               | conspiracy theory (there is email documentation of this
               | effort) even though pretty much every biochem/bio PhD I
               | know who has lab work experience... Myself included...
               | was pretty certain it was a lab leak early on.
               | 
               | The crappy messaging I'm referring to was the "don't get
               | a mask"/"now masks are mandatory" flip flop. Literally
               | anyone could have predicted what happened next.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | Wonder what the overlap is between the lab leak people and the
       | people that were shitting on expert opinion that the LK99 authors
       | looked kinda like amateurs.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | What?
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | ConorSheehan1 wrote:
       | Great article but I have a critique:
       | 
       | It's odd to put the introduction of hand washing at hospitals in
       | 1800s Vienna and doubt over mask effectiveness against the spread
       | of covid19 in the same category. They seem like opposites to me.
       | 
       | Sure they're both going against the scientific consensus of the
       | time but there are some key differences.
       | 
       | In both cases, people don't want to change their behavior, but
       | questioning masks is on the side of doing nothing.
       | 
       | There are no downsides to wearing a mask. When there's a new
       | disease and we're not sure how to slow it's progress, but we have
       | something that _might_ help with no downside i.e. mask wearing,
       | might as well try it right? And in retrospect it 's pretty clear
       | it was effective.
       | 
       | During the pandemic, I'd rather see scientists coming up with new
       | more effective measures than squabbling over whether the existing
       | measures are effective.
        
         | sneed-oil wrote:
         | > There are no downsides to wearing a mask.
         | 
         | Besides the obvious effort required and the monetary costs, as
         | somebody who wears glasses and commutes by bike and train I can
         | name a couple others. After biking to the train station my
         | breath is heavier than normal, and having to put a mask on when
         | entering the train made my glasses fog up, so I would usually
         | wear it under the nose (even those with a valve, because they
         | still made it hard to breathe after biking, although a little
         | easier). Otherwise I would be unable to use my phone nor laptop
         | and I would have nothing to do for most of the commute. My
         | glasses would also fog up when entering indoors locations
         | during the winter, so I would have to clean my glasses and mess
         | around with the mask to make the air come out from the bottom.
         | There's also no clear upside for me given that I rarely get
         | sick, the last time I had a fever was in 2022 and the time
         | before that was 2017.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There is no reliable evidence that the masks most people used
         | were effective. For the most part it was a waste. The notion
         | that we should do something just because it _might_ help is
         | ridiculous. I 'm certainly not willing to put up with that
         | nonsense.
         | 
         | https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6
        
           | RandomLensman wrote:
           | Do you reject most medical treatment then as it usually only
           | has some probably of success (it might work, but need not)?
           | What about seat belts? Presumably your position is a lot more
           | nuance than your wording?
        
             | Tao3300 wrote:
             | I think you just missed the nuance.
             | 
             | GP said "the masks most people wore", which is not to say
             | _all masks_ , but rather suggesting that the majority of
             | masks that real people were really using and how they used
             | them amounted to nothing.
             | 
             | > What about seat belts?
             | 
             | If it helps (though I never met an analogy that wasn't
             | rotten on the inside once dissected in debate) an
             | inadequate or improperly worn seatbelt can be more
             | dangerous.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | The conclusion to that paper is telling:
           | The high risk of bias in the trials, variation in outcome
           | measurement, and relatively low adherence with the
           | interventions during the studies hampers drawing firm
           | conclusions.
           | 
           | aka: We can't decide whether masks (or other interventions,
           | including hand washing, etc) worked as all the examples we
           | looked at were a clusterfuck of many people pulling in
           | opposite directions preventing any clear conclusion from
           | being drawn.                    Harms associated with
           | physical interventions were under-investigated.
           | 
           | Sufficient clean data is lacking.
           | 
           | Further:                   There is a need for large, well-
           | designed RCTs addressing the effectiveness of many of these
           | interventions in multiple settings and populations, as well
           | as the impact of adherence on effectiveness, especially in
           | those most at risk
           | 
           | ie. They don't believe the matter is settled by any means.
           | 
           | The most interesting part is the selection criteria.
           | 
           | Looking at the section _Characteristics of included studies_
           | it appears some effort was made to trawl two decades of
           | global trials in order to find those least likely to have any
           | good conclusion.
           | 
           | Many of the trials look at the effectiveness of low level
           | encouragement to try an intervention at a time and low
           | location with relatively low risks, leading to intermittent
           | uptake and noisy data.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | If you don't think there are any downsides to wearing masks,
         | you probably don't have children and maybe you haven't tried to
         | speak to people with masks on :)
        
           | Tao3300 wrote:
           | The best was showing ID while masked. Yes, I have sunglasses,
           | long hair, and a face mask; the short haired fellow in the
           | picture is absolutely me.
        
         | kubb wrote:
         | Not only that, but the mechanism of respiratory transmission is
         | so widely known, that the use of masks to reduce it is an idea
         | soundly backed by an accepted theoretical framework.
         | 
         | When Covid started I stopped getting sick in the winter. Before
         | the pandemic I had gotten sick at least twice per year with
         | some virus: sore throat, fatigue, sneezing, all that. It
         | started again when the measures were relaxed. Of course this
         | doesn't qualify as evidence for mask effectiveness, but I
         | wonder if anyone had the same experience as me?
        
           | wozniacki wrote:
           | Solely addressing the mask use part of your reply, I've found
           | that it greatly helped reduce the number of times I fell ill
           | ( even mildly ) from things you list like colds, coughs, sore
           | throats & fatigue.
           | 
           | I can't believe that there are no substantial studies that
           | have studied the ability of consumer grade surgical masks (
           | and/or N95s) in preventing common illnesses, very reliably
           | when used regularly.
           | 
           | Why aren't these things conclusively studied, beyond any
           | degree of doubt?
        
             | kubb wrote:
             | Most likely because it's hard to orgainze a controlled,
             | large-scale trial, and there are many variables that
             | influence real-world outcomes, and the measurement of the
             | mask variable is not accurate based solely on historical
             | real-world data.
        
           | depressedpanda wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | I used to get really bad colds 3-5 times a year, for as long
           | back as I can remember (afaik, I never got Covid, though).
           | Now, it's been longer than a year since I last got sick.
           | 
           | However, I only wore a mask when forced to, as mask usage was
           | generally only recommended and almost never mandatory during
           | the pandemic.
           | 
           | Rather than masks, I think the most likely reason is that
           | people who get sick nowadays are much more likely to stay at
           | home, and probably also that everyone washes their hands more
           | often.
        
           | Thiez wrote:
           | Many had the same experience, including those who went
           | without masks. I imagine social distancing + people self-
           | quaranteening for all of those symptoms you mention can
           | explain most of it.
        
           | VK538FY wrote:
           | I experienced very little illness, winter or otherwise,
           | during the coronacrisis. I had two fevers that lasted on
           | average 4 days. I had a case of mild bronchitis that lasted 3
           | or 4 weeks. On average, I tend to have more
           | cold/flu/rinopharyngitis in normal winters and often a bit of
           | bronchitis. I'm a light smoker. I wore a fake mask poorly
           | when I was forced to. I took a number of parapharmaceutical
           | prophylatics like zinc, vitamins C and D and quercetine.
           | Regular intense sport but less overall physical activity.
           | Diet with tons of animal fat and a fair amount of cooked
           | vegetables. Drank surely too much alcohol. No vaccines or
           | medical procedures except regular dental care. I worked from
           | home 60% of the time but literally jumped on every
           | opportunity to socialize with like minded people. If I had to
           | bet real money: the rather favourable outcome was due mostly
           | to home office and the reduced stress.
        
         | salmonellaeater wrote:
         | > There are no downsides to wearing a mask.
         | 
         | You can't see people's full facial expressions. I wouldn't be
         | surprised if the toddlers in daycare during 2020-2021 end up
         | with deficits in social perception. For adults who already have
         | a hard time inferring other people's emotions, masks make it
         | worse.
         | 
         | You can't identify people as well if they're wearing a mask.
         | 
         | Aerobic exercise and hard physical labor are difficult or
         | impossible wearing a mask (try breathing through a mask once
         | it's saturated with sweat, blocking the airflow).
         | 
         | It fogs up glasses.
         | 
         | I'm sure there are others, but you get the point. Wearing masks
         | has real downsides that need to weighed against the protection
         | they offer.
        
         | marsven_422 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | metalspot wrote:
         | > There are no downsides to wearing a mask
         | 
         | this is objectively false. it is generally accepted in the
         | scientific community that wearing masks for an extended period
         | of time is dangerous and leads to respiratory illnesses.
        
           | jabradoodle wrote:
           | Source?
        
             | barbacoa wrote:
             | https://www.city-journal.org/article/approximately-zero
             | 
             | I suspect this is the study being mentioned.
             | 
             | Keep in mind this is at slowing _population level_ spread.
             | On an individual level masking may be different.
             | 
             | The idea is that covid is so contagious in unexposed
             | population that any precautions against spread are futile.
        
               | jabradoodle wrote:
               | I think your mistaking which comment I replied to.
        
           | fzeroracer wrote:
           | No it isn't.
        
           | wddkcs wrote:
           | There's also little if any evidence masks were effective at
           | stopping spread. Maybe in idealized conditions, but the
           | mandated use likely did nothing.
        
             | jacob171714 wrote:
             | No, n95 and better masks have been proven conclusively to
             | protect against it. If your mask isn't fitted right it wont
             | work obviously and surgical masks are not effective. If you
             | are going to be in a poorly ventilated space with someone
             | for an extended period of time an n99 may be better. But
             | otherwise n95s are very effective.
        
               | wddkcs wrote:
               | I'm not familiar with any country that mandated or
               | adequately supplies n95s to their citizens.
               | 
               | There's a the question of whether masks can be effective
               | (even without a study, common sense says they are against
               | a respiratory virus) vs. the question of whether they are
               | effective, given actual use.
               | 
               | There's a good argument that idealized use of masks would
               | have been beneficial, but actual use was likely neutral,
               | or even counter productive (caused more unintended harms
               | than prevented infections).
        
         | exodust wrote:
         | > There are no downsides to wearing a mask
         | 
         | Except for wearing a mask, which is inherently a downside
         | compared with not wearing a mask.
         | 
         | Pollution. Disposable masks litter the streets and end up in
         | waterways.
         | 
         | When masks are mandated in general settings, workplaces and
         | anywhere usually unmasked, there are downsides. Even in aged
         | care, the faces of visiting family and friends are now
         | obscured. Residents in many cases would not see the unmasked
         | faces of their own family again.
        
           | jacob171714 wrote:
           | Washing your hands is an inherent downside to washing your
           | hands. Its tedious, annoying, and many people get dry skin or
           | are allergic to commonly used scented soaps. There is no
           | evidence that that how regular people wash there hands is
           | effective.
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | _There are no downsides to wearing a mask._
         | 
         | They cost money and require effort. Therefore, there are
         | downsides.
         | 
         | Defining a set of actions as literally cost free is a logical
         | fallacy. Nothing is ever cost free. The moment you do this
         | you're obliged to engage in that action 24/7 for the rest of
         | your life, immediately and indefinitely, as any possible
         | benefit would justify doing it - even imagined benefits that
         | exist only in the realm of future hypotheticals. Worse, once
         | someone makes this error, they start to believe everyone else
         | is irrational because why would they not engage in this
         | completely downside-free behavior too?
         | 
         |  _it 's pretty clear it was effective._
         | 
         | The article mentions the Cochrane Review which rigorously
         | concluded the opposite. However you don't need a meta-study.
         | Community masking was justified on the claim that it would
         | create a downward inflection in the case numbers. Go to
         | ourworldindata and select COVID case graphs for a few countries
         | you're not familiar with, then try to figure out when they
         | imposed or removed mask mandates by searching for the
         | inflections. You won't be able to because no such inflections
         | were ever created. So mask mandates had no impact when judged
         | by their own (stated) goals.
        
           | shiftingleft wrote:
           | > The article mentions the Cochrane Review which rigorously
           | concluded the opposite.
           | 
           | Do you mean this one?
           | 
           | "Many commentators have claimed that a recently-updated
           | Cochrane Review shows that 'masks don't work', which is an
           | inaccurate and misleading interpretation.
           | 
           | It would be accurate to say that the review examined whether
           | interventions to promote mask wearing help to slow the spread
           | of respiratory viruses, and that the results were
           | inconclusive. Given the limitations in the primary evidence,
           | the review is not able to address the question of whether
           | mask-wearing itself reduces people's risk of contracting or
           | spreading respiratory viruses."
           | 
           | https://www.cochrane.org/news/statement-physical-
           | interventio...
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | Yes, that one. From the "We need scientific dissidents"
             | article this thread is about:
             | 
             |  _When Tom Jefferson and his group published a report
             | saying "We are uncertain whether wearing masks or N95 /P2
             | respirators helps to slow the spread of respiratory viruses
             | based on the studies we assessed," the editor in chief of
             | Cochrane apologized for the wording, even though subsequent
             | surveys showed the language was standard for Cochrane given
             | the nature of the evidence._
             | 
             | The incoherent attempt at walking back the study findings
             | by Cochrane administration is the type of problem the
             | article is discussing. It came after a pressure campaign by
             | a social media influencer [1] and the New York Times [2],
             | not due to any actual problem with the review (which AFAIK
             | remains unaltered).
             | 
             | The actual study authors stand by their conclusions. But
             | consider something else: the statement on their website is
             | nonsensical, asserting that it's wrong to accept the null
             | hypothesis in this case despite a large multi-study failure
             | to find significant results. But that's not how science
             | works. You start by assuming the null (community
             | masking/mandates don't work), and then try to disprove it.
             | If you can't then you stick with the initial belief that
             | there's nothing there, you don't assert that anything
             | failing to find what you want is "inconclusive" - that's
             | starting from a conclusion and working backwards.
             | 
             | [1] https://twitter.com/thackerpd/status/164430640594225561
             | 7?s=2...
             | 
             | [2] https://dailysceptic.org/2023/04/13/the-new-york-times-
             | is-su...
        
               | lukeschlather wrote:
               | The thing is people elide the correct conclusion of that
               | study to "masks don't work" which is not what the study
               | says, and it is actually a hypothesis that has been
               | roundly disproven... there are numerous studies showing
               | the efficacy of mask wearing for preventing the spread of
               | infectious diseases. They apologized for the wording for
               | a good reason, which is that people took it out of
               | context to suggest something that is not only not what
               | the study said but contradicts a variety of other
               | research.
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | This is a hard one... the parent commenter mentioned that
             | there should be some indication about when people were told
             | to wear masks in the charts that show the spread of the
             | virus in at least some countries. That's difficult to see
             | anywhere... the study you link to says that they were
             | simply unable to show whether masks are effective because
             | of "the high risk of bias in the trials, variation in
             | outcome measurement, and relatively low adherence with the
             | interventions during the studies".
             | 
             | Let me give a little anecdote about that... Brazil was one
             | of the worst affected countries, despite having made it
             | mandatory to wear masks. Sweden, on the other hand, only
             | made it mandatory to wear masks in a few very limited
             | situations (e.g. public transport), and even then, only
             | after the pandemic was already dying down, much later than
             | most countries. And Sweden seems to have had a below OECD
             | average rate of deaths due to the pandemic.
             | 
             | I know it's a difficult comparison to make: Sweden's
             | healthcare system is likely more "competent" than Brazil's
             | (because it can afford much more, but both have free or
             | nearly free healthcare available to everyone) and people in
             | Sweden tended to be less skeptical of the virus (personal
             | experience, not sure this can be shown by data) - that
             | makes a big difference as people in Brazil would often wear
             | a mask just because they were forced to, and hence wore it
             | incorrectly and didn't really try hard to make it
             | effective, while in Sweden people did it by their own
             | accord (for the longest time, Sweden only recommended to
             | wear, but did not make the mask mandatory) and were much
             | more likely to have done their research about how to better
             | make use of the mask to avoid getting infected.
             | 
             | Also, it has been shown that most deaths in Sweden occurred
             | early on, among the elderly living in nursing homes where
             | employees (who are almost always foreigners with a very
             | different culture and hence, I suggest, less likely to
             | properly wear masks and follow government recommendations
             | to contain the spread of the virus, like completely
             | avoiding meeting people who are not living in the same
             | household) were the main source of infections - so if you
             | take that into account, the fact that people in Sweden were
             | mostly not wearing masks at all for most of the pandemic
             | should show that, at the very least, wearing masks was not
             | the most effective way to keep the virus under control.
             | 
             | My takeaway is that masks may help, but only if you
             | actually believe it will help and take sufficient care to
             | wear a proper mask and do it properly... and that other
             | measures, like voluntary social distancing, turned out to
             | have been more effective than just wearing masks.
        
               | Tao3300 wrote:
               | > foreigners with a very different culture and hence, I
               | suggest, less likely to properly wear masks
               | 
               | What does culture or nation of origin have to do with
               | being able to wear a mask properly?
        
               | depressedpanda wrote:
               | The answer is right there in the quote you decided to cut
               | short for some reason.
               | 
               | Culturally, Swedes trust their government a lot more than
               | people do in other countries.
        
         | mypastself wrote:
         | I don't know. It can be difficult to breathe for some people,
         | it can be itchy, hot, build up bacteria, fog up glasses... you
         | also have to carry enough of them wherever you go. So it's not
         | exactly doing _nothing_.
        
           | alfnor wrote:
           | "Babies are on average interacting with fewer people (and
           | seeing fewer faces because of masking) than they did before
           | the pandemic." https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/pandemic-
           | challenges-may-...
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | > There are no downsides to wearing a mask.
         | 
         | I'll never understand why people keep repeating this. I know
         | multiple people who seriously struggled with the mask. Ranging
         | from basic stuff such as "it fogs up my glasses so I can't see
         | well and it gives me a headache" all the way to "I get a panic
         | attack if I wear one for longer than 5 minutes".
         | 
         | These people all pretty much stayed in the house for as long as
         | the mask mandates lasted. That's a long time to look at the
         | same four walls!
        
           | almostnormal wrote:
           | There's downsides to wearing pants, too. Nonetheless almost
           | everyone is wearing them.
        
             | sneed-oil wrote:
             | Maybe because to them the upsides are more important than
             | the downsides, including because it would be illegal to go
             | out without pants in their country. I don't think wearing
             | clothes should be required by law.
        
           | mjparrott wrote:
           | And for kids to not see each others faces, honestly even
           | adults, has implications for communication and empathy you
           | have for others. You are "anonymous" in your mask. For kids
           | it really impacts development for them not to see each other.
        
         | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
         | There are downsides. Face recognition is not as reliable with
         | masks on.
        
       | csours wrote:
       | "Truth is the First Casualty of War" - Quote Investigator
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | It's interesting to me that many of the same people who do not
       | trust the vaccine, also do not want the FDA to complete their
       | review process of medications. Those are opposites! The 'Expert'
       | is well and truly dead.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | We do NOT need scientific dissidents, we need everyone in a
       | position of responsibility to be clear about the line between
       | knowledge and belief. We need scientists to say "We don't know
       | that". We need journalists who accept that answer and ask "How
       | can we find out", instead of just finding a scientist who will
       | answer an impossible question.
       | 
       | We need a better informed and more skeptical public. We should
       | not accept something as a final answer just because it's
       | interesting or satisfying. We need to be prepared to be
       | unsatisfied.
       | 
       | For instance, we do not now and will never know how contagious
       | the virus is to a naive immune system. To know that we have to
       | perform 'challenge trials'. It is unethical to perform a
       | challenge trial without effective treatment, so we did not do any
       | early in the pandemic. Now everyone is vaccinated or exposed, or
       | must be considered to be exposed; so any evidence now would only
       | answer questions about a post-pandemic world.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Writing a serious article about a "lab leak" without clarifying
       | what exactly you mean is irresponsible to the point of
       | professional negligence. Lab Leak means many things: 'It walked
       | out of the lab on someone's shoe', 'Secret Research', 'Illegal
       | Research', 'Malicious Research', 'Modified Virus', 'Man-Made
       | Virus', etc...
       | 
       | So a scientist says "I think it's likely that the virus came from
       | the lab" - which do they mean? The audience is free to assume
       | that the scientist supports their pet theory.
       | 
       | If a lab in China was doing anything nefarious, what would you
       | actually do about it?
       | 
       | Consider that the human mind really loves conclusions. Consider
       | that we look for motivations at a less-than-conscious level.
       | 
       | When people say "conspiracy theory", I hear "motivation theory",
       | as in, I think this group has a motivation to cause this
       | disaster.
       | 
       | So here's my motivation theory: Chinese officials are VERY
       | sensitive to embarrassment. I think they are highly motivated to
       | destroy any evidence that might embarrass them.
       | 
       | That includes the 'liquidation' of the wet market where viral
       | traces of Sars-Cov-2 have been found. It might also include any
       | research related to Sars-Cov-2 at the Wuhan Institute of
       | Virology.
       | 
       | It's most likely that the virus was not modified by humans, but I
       | do hold a place in my reasoning for the idea that it might have
       | been.
       | 
       | I'm reminded of the Oppenheimer movie - people don't like it when
       | you have a complex view of a moral question, and the question of
       | the lab leak is heavily moralized by many people.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | It is clear to me that individual people can make masks work to
       | prevent the spread of contagious disease; in much the same way as
       | individual people can live off-grid. In both cases it's more work
       | than most are willing to do, or it's in some way beyond our
       | capabilities.
       | 
       | I saw a woman wearing a mask, but with it pulled below her nose -
       | the 2020 Karen/Ken classic look. But I saw this in 2022, WELL
       | after masking orders were over. Entirely of her own volition, she
       | was wearing a mask, but without any care for actual function. Was
       | it misunderstanding? Was it moral signaling? Was it habit? People
       | are hard to understand.
       | 
       | ----
        
       | finite_depth wrote:
       | I really don't see how anyone can look at how covid proceeded and
       | come to the conclusion that we need _less_ trust in experts.
       | "Thinking for yourself" was an excellent way to die of covid and
       | to produce much longer, much higher peaks in your region of
       | residence than you would otherwise have had.
       | 
       | Places with populations that shut up and listened suppressed
       | covid nearly entirely until the rise of the much-more-contagious
       | Delta and Omicron, neither of which would have realistically
       | arisen at all if the whole world had applied suppression of that
       | magnitude. New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Korea, and China
       | remained open for business throughout most of the pandemic
       | precisely because they had strong institutions and because they
       | successfully enforced expert consensus.
       | 
       | Even within the US, the map of covid deaths is practically an
       | electoral map, which is itself practically a map of trust in
       | institutions. San Francisco had a death rate of 134 per 100k.
       | King County (Seattle), 158. And less you think it's an
       | urban/rural thing, rural Vermont sits in the 150s. Meanwhile,
       | almost nowhere in the South or Great Plains is below 400 per
       | 100k, and almost everywhere that is is a blue island amidst a sea
       | of red. Raleigh-Durham, Atlanta, Austin, Dallas, Houston,
       | Chicago, and St. Louis are all visible clear as day on a map of
       | death rates.
       | 
       | Even if we assume that expert consensus got covid's origins wrong
       | - a fact that is far from demonstrated - I will happily take a
       | temporary error in a relatively unimportant fact about the virus'
       | origins over hundreds of thousands of unnecessary deaths and
       | years of shutdowns that could have been avoided with better
       | coordination any day. Experts are sometimes wrong, but from an
       | outside-view, probabilistic standpoint, a person betting against
       | expert consensus is almost always going to lose, especially if
       | they are not themselves an expert.
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | The experts began by saying "Don't wear masks." The CDC and the
         | Surgeon General told all Americans to stop wearing masks.
         | 
         | I was one of the few people who thought for myself, read the
         | studies, saw that all evidence in Korea and China pointed to
         | this being an airborn pathogen, and learned how the
         | electrostatic field in melt-blown fabric attracted covid
         | particulates to it and filtered them from the air.
         | 
         | I was one of the few people wearing masks, staying safe, back
         | in February when everyone looked at me crazy for wearing masks,
         | because I was going against what the experts said.
         | 
         | I don't see how you can go through that period where the
         | experts are telling you the opposite of the truth, and then
         | continue to believe them.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | > The experts began by saying "Don't wear masks." The CDC and
           | the Surgeon General told all Americans to stop wearing masks.
           | 
           | Yes. Not because masks didn't work, but because they were in
           | short supply and medical and emergency personnel needed them
           | more. And because the level of transmissibility was
           | underestimated at first.[1]
           | 
           | March 2020, CDC: "Facemasks may be in short supply and they
           | should be saved for caregivers."
           | 
           | April 3, 2020: "After insisting for weeks that healthy people
           | did not need to wear masks in most circumstances, federal
           | health officials change their guidance in response to a
           | growing body of evidence that people who do not appear to be
           | sick are playing an outsize role in the COVID-19 pandemic."
           | 
           | US coronavirus hospitalizations are going up again. There's
           | been a low the last three summers, and then it picks up
           | again.[2] Time to stock up on N-95 masks. Don't bother with
           | anything less.
           | 
           | [1] https://archive.is/69Pmz#selection-2157.0-2183.1
           | 
           | [2] https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-
           | tracker/#trends_weeklyhospi...
        
             | toomim wrote:
             | You're whitewashing when you say "Not because masks didn't
             | work." Here's a direct tweet from the U.S. Surgeon General
             | on Feb 29, 2020 telling people that _masks don 't work_:
             | 
             | > Seriously people- STOP BUYING MASKS! They are NOT
             | effective in preventing general public from catching
             | #Coronavirus, but if healthcare providers can't get them to
             | care for sick patients, it puts them and our communities at
             | risk!
             | 
             | Here's a quote from him saying masks _increase_ your risk:
             | 
             | > You can increase your risk of getting it by wearing a
             | mask if you are not a health care provider. Folks who don't
             | know how to wear them properly tend to touch their faces a
             | lot and actually can increase the spread of coronavirus.
             | 
             | https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/02/health/surgeon-general-
             | corona...
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | It seems that yourself and Animats are in essential
               | agreement.
               | 
               | As was said above:                   Not because masks
               | didn't work, but because they were in short supply and
               | medical and emergency personnel needed them more.
               | 
               | I'm outside the US - I recall the US Surgeon General
               | making those statements at the time and it seemed very
               | clear that _logistics_ and _pragmatics_ were being
               | discussed rather than the  "science of masks".
               | 
               | At that time most of the US had no general spread of
               | COVID - the midwest buying up all the masks wasn't doing
               | anything useful other than making those few places that
               | actually _needed_ masks there and then more dangerous.
               | 
               | As your quote states:                   if healthcare
               | providers can't get them to care for sick patients, it
               | puts them and our communities at risk!
        
           | finite_depth wrote:
           | That was, what, like one month at the very start? Masks were
           | a fixture in my household by April or May, as I recall.
           | 
           | Again, "beating the experts one time" does not mean that
           | betting against them is a good bet. For every person that
           | fits your description there are a hundred not getting
           | vaccinated because they've "done their research". The literal
           | comment right below mine is some anti-vax nonsense right here
           | on HN, in a community that is overwhelmingly better-educated
           | than the public at large.
        
             | tobiasSoftware wrote:
             | The CDC was recommending against KN95 and N95 masks even
             | after Omicron, so it was more like 2 years, not one month.
             | I was also someone who wore proper masks against the advice
             | of experts.
             | 
             | I agree that going with the experts is the best course of
             | action for the general public. We need to be able to
             | disagree with experts, but we need to be able to do it in
             | an informed manner, with proper research to back up the
             | ideas. However, most of the general public is unable to do
             | so.
        
             | iraqmtpizza wrote:
             | Beating the experts? They knowingly lied about medical
             | science in a matter of life and death with a straight face
             | to millions of people. And you line up and kiss the ring
             | and say thank you for the nudging, may I have another?
        
             | slater wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | Here's the echo chamber in action!
               | 
               | Close your ears to dissent, children. Preserve the echo
               | chamber!
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | No. The dissent has been aired. The points have been
               | discussed. Over and over and over. There's no echo
               | chamber.
               | 
               | The problem is that some people don't want to accept the
               | consensus view that emerges from the social practice of
               | science. They want to keep asking the _same_ questions,
               | ignoring rebuttals, demanding answers, assigning blame.
               | 
               | You don't have to accept the consensus view. But you do
               | have to accept that the consensus view, and you being
               | ignored by those that do accept it, doesn't happen in 10
               | minutes. There was no echo chamber, dissent was tackled,
               | and now those particular dissents are handled with
               | disrespect, _maybe_.
               | 
               | That's life, or least that's the social practice of
               | science. And guess what, every once in a while, the
               | minority report is correct!
        
               | slater wrote:
               | It's not worth listening to "dissent" if it's coming from
               | the "I do my own research" crowd.
               | 
               | Whom should I believe, folks who've gone through rigorous
               | university education and have dedicated their lives to
               | providing scientific progress?
               | 
               | Orrrrrrr some dildo who read some clickbait nonsense on
               | HealthTruthFauciSux.net?
               | 
               | Choices, choices.
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | Ignoring the appeal to authority, do you do research?
               | 
               | I've yet to meet someone that does and doesn't see
               | scientific institutions as flawed and human with results
               | often driven by interpersonal and political pressures.
               | 
               | What's your expectation of "rigorous university
               | education"? I attended the best University of South
               | America and I rarely see research be conducted to
               | standards I would call rigorous.
               | 
               | [ I personally do think it's extremely important to
               | listen to the "I do my own research" crowd because that's
               | what the scientific process demands. Sadly "science" for
               | the left is like "freedom" for the right, a big fat
               | jingle. ]
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > "I do my own research"
               | 
               | This suffers from the same issue as people calling blogs
               | or whatever "journalism" (or worse, "reporting") when its
               | nothing more than reading what other people wrote and
               | commenting on it. Actual reporting involves going into
               | the field, collecting information at the site, from
               | people and devices that are there.
               | 
               | And so it is for research, not always, but quite often,
               | and almost always when it really matters. You don't do
               | "research" by reading around, certainly not in biomedical
               | fields. You need a lab, you need samples, you need
               | hypotheses, you need experiments.
               | 
               | Yes, yes, I know that sometimes meta-analysis turns up
               | something interesting. It's useful, but it's not the
               | rule, and its not "research".
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | Pointing out flaws and inconsistencies in studies can be
               | done by individuals and are a relevant contribution to
               | the scientific process, for example.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | In a broad sense, I agree.
               | 
               | But in the narrow sense, another Medium or Substack on
               | why Missener et al. (invented names) haven't done their
               | homework (let alone tweeting about it) is not a useful
               | part of the scientific process.
               | 
               | Science faces a bit of a quandry: on the one hand, it is
               | now more and more difficult to be an actual expert in
               | more than a tiny sub-niche of a knowledge domain; on the
               | other hand, changes in communication and distribution
               | make it possible for many more people to have some
               | awareness of things going on in science, and to point out
               | errors or raise questions, at a level that the research
               | teams cannot sensibly respond to.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, I still see a profound distinction between
               | the well funded and semi-organized attempts to discredit
               | research and knowledge that raises problems for the
               | interests of wealth and power, and good faith
               | acknowledgement of the many problems with the social
               | practice of science and the reproduceability crisis.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | Trust isn't only about credentials (or competence which
               | credentials are supposedly meant to be a proxy for), but
               | also _honesty_.
               | 
               | Get caught lying (or being generally sus, like say trying
               | to hide conflicts of interest) enough times, and it
               | doesn't matter if you're actually competent (or
               | credentialed).
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > or being generally sus, like say trying to hide
               | conflicts of interest
               | 
               | Good point.
               | 
               | It's worth reminding all that the vast overwhelming bulk
               | of vaccine and COVID disinformation trafficking on
               | twitter and social media could all be traced back to
               | about 12 individual sources who were SEO'ing madly to sow
               | distrust and sell their own brands of snake oil.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | It's not worth listening to people who ... think?
               | 
               | You only want to listen to people who regurgitate what
               | the authorities tell them to think?
        
               | slater wrote:
               | Yep, that's exactly what I said. In that same vein, TIL
               | scientists don't think.
               | 
               | Good grief, I should've taken my own advice further up in
               | this thread.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | > the much-more-contagious Delta and Omicron, neither of which
         | would have realistically arisen at all if
         | 
         | Omicron was an offshoot of Wuhan or Alpha, most likely jump
         | back from an animal reservoir to humans (rats being the best
         | theory) - even though it came after Delta, it was not a
         | descendant of Delta. Even if we'd completely wiped out the
         | virus in humans by the end of 2020, it could still have
         | happened.
         | 
         | Deer, minks, cats, rats, and I'm sure I'm forgetting more - it
         | was clear these animal reservoirs existed in 2020 and once we
         | knew that, it was obvious to everyone except the experts that
         | we can't eliminate this virus. There'd just be another
         | spillover later.
         | 
         | Oh, and a note on the "more contagious" part - Delta wasn't
         | more contagious than what came before it. It's the common line
         | but only works because the previous variants were revised
         | downwards to make room for Delta.
         | 
         | The earliest R0 estimate back in like Jan/Feb 2020 was 5 or 6,
         | which was almost immediately revised downwards to 3 or 4
         | because that was seen as too high. Mid-year the estimate went
         | back up to 5/6 for a short time, then at the end of the year
         | when Delta was identified (but not yet named Delta), they gave
         | the 5/6 range to Delta and put the previous variants back at
         | 3/4.
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | The entire point is that artificial consensus destroys trust.
         | There's never such thing as "unified front" on any sort of
         | remotely debatable topic. Instead that front is often just
         | created by unfairly shutting down dissenting voices which has a
         | paradoxical effect of elevating those very voices, even if not
         | entirely deserved - something directly adjacent to the
         | Streisand Effect.
        
       | MrYellowP wrote:
       | Scientific dissidents exist. The problem is that we live in a
       | world where we're being manipulated into believing that there
       | isn't, or that the dissidents are bad guys. Conspiracy theorists.
        
       | bannedbybros wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | throwme_123 wrote:
       | In the case of Covid, unlike handwashing in Vienna, the
       | disinformation was organized.
       | 
       | China didn't want to admit the leak occured at their lab, and the
       | US (and Fauci in particular) didn't want to admit they funded
       | precisely that lab for research that could be dual use.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | Does someone have this article in a format that will work on
       | Firefox with uBlock Origin?
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | Disable js and css and it works fine.
        
         | Blahah wrote:
         | https://archive.is/6vnq0
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | ah another covid origins article to distract ppl from mitigating
       | an ongoing pandemic
        
       | mountainofdeath wrote:
       | Indeed this is the case. The timing was unfortunate in that the
       | pandemic hit during the absolute lowest point in trust of public
       | institutions and bad faith actors stepped into the void to take
       | advantage of that.
       | 
       | In terms of covid specifically, experts did what they typically
       | do for high mortality diseases e.g. ebola, SARS where the
       | mortality is high and the only course of action is to seal an
       | area and let it burn through the population but at least contain
       | it. That turned out to be the direct opposite course of action
       | needed.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | The countries the tried to contain it until we had vaccines to
         | protect vulnerable populations had far lower mortality rates
         | than those that opened up, including the US.
         | 
         | Seems to me the containment strategy was exactly the action
         | that was needed. Countries that followed the experts advice did
         | far far better.
        
         | _delirium wrote:
         | It's a bit more than them starting with a random default
         | playbook for serious disease outbreaks. They started with the
         | playbook for _this_ specific virus family! "Covid" is a synonym
         | for SARS-CoV-2. It's not that surprising that experts would
         | start with the set of procedures that had successfully
         | contained and eliminated SARS-CoV-1. It didn't work in the case
         | of v2, but I have trouble seeing why it's a bad starting point
         | to start with what actually worked in practice to stop v1.
         | 
         | It's sort of interesting to me that the partisan politics on
         | this have flipped from the early days though. Early on, Bill
         | DeBlasio (at the time, NYC's left-ish mayor) was against
         | cancelling anything or imposing any travel restrictions, even
         | telling people it was racist to avoid Chinese New Year or St
         | Patrick's Day celebrations, and xenophobic to ask for
         | restrictions on travel. The NY conservative media were very
         | critical of his decisions to let those events move forward and
         | called for travel bans and event cancellations to stop the
         | virus. Fast-forward a bit and they had each adopted the other
         | side's positions.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | That is weird, _just one of many_ weird things around the
           | whole COVID spectacle.
           | 
           | Also weird: that we don't do any serious post-incident
           | analysis so we can harden procedures and institutions in case
           | a _really_ big problem knocks on our door someday.
           | 
           | There's something suspicious about this planet if you ask me.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Who is "They"? Science is a practice not an organization.
           | There's no pope or single church that has rules.
           | 
           | It's crazy your criticizing people for changing if new
           | information comes out. That's the basis of science and why
           | it's not like religon
        
             | MrPatan wrote:
             | If you don't let some information out in case it changes
             | The Science, what then?
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | What does that mean to let some information out in case
               | it changes?
               | 
               | Science doesn't change it's a process, a way of
               | understanding the world.
        
               | MrPatan wrote:
               | Ok.
               | 
               | I'll explain because there seems to be a genuine
               | misunderstanding.
               | 
               | Of course the scientific method is great, and the only
               | tool we have to understand the world. Of course. Very
               | true.
               | 
               | "The Science", on the other hand, is a sales tool.
               | Something to be invoked to push a product, a policy,
               | whatever.
               | 
               | Science, the scientific method, the sum total of
               | humanity's knowledge and wisdom, can't be stopped. It may
               | be delayed, but truth wins because truth predicts the
               | future, and lies don't.
               | 
               | But "The Science", that's different. Pay off a few key
               | people at the right time, and you can get yourself a nice
               | handy "The Science" to sell whatever it is you want to
               | sell. It won't work forever, but it doesn't need to. By
               | then they've already cashed out their shares, won the
               | election, whatever.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | But "The Science", that's different. Pay off a few key
               | people at the right time, and you can get yourself a nice
               | handy
               | 
               | If it's accurate how is this is a bad way to sell
               | something? What's better?
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The public health measures used against the original SARS
           | were _not_ effective. They did almost nothing. The disease
           | burned out largely on its own.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Ultimately, the key learning was the CDC and other federal
           | agencies will propagate misinformation knowingly and
           | intentionally for their perceived public health reasons. I'm
           | no stranger to massive state restrictions of individual
           | rights when fighting infectious diseases. DOTS and friends
           | are an effective means of fighting TB. But intentionally
           | misinforming crosses a line since it makes the organization
           | untrustworthy.
           | 
           | Irrespective of whether masks work or not, the state
           | apparatus chose to go with the message that they don't for
           | the reason that they wanted to preserve supply for healthcare
           | workers.
           | 
           | I had a supply of N95 masks from earlier preparation for
           | forest fires that I gave to healthcare workers here in SF. In
           | future, I shall not donate like this. It is clear that every
           | man is an island and the agencies set up to inform us believe
           | they must control us through deceit instead.
        
             | seanp2k2 wrote:
             | "For the greater good"
             | 
             | For us personally, a quick thought experiment with 4
             | quadrants:                   - wear a mask vs don't wear
             | - mask helps vs mask doesn't         help
             | 
             | The balance of inconvenience in the "wear mask, mask
             | doesn't help" vs possible avoidable death in the "don't
             | wear, mask helps" made it a very easy decision.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > The balance of inconvenience in the "wear mask, mask
               | doesn't help" vs possible avoidable death in the "don't
               | wear, mask helps" made it a very easy decision.
               | 
               | This assumes that the respective person has a risk-averse
               | personality profile. The mere existence of ice climbers
               | and BASE jumpers should provide sufficient evidence that
               | not everybody's life is about avoiding risks.
               | 
               | Secondly, in many countries masks were mandatory, i.e.
               | the government said it is perfectly fine to use violence
               | (police using violence to enforce the penalty fees) for
               | this. Is applying violence to enforce masks justifiable?
               | I rather don't think.
        
               | strken wrote:
               | Without the actual numbers this is just a more
               | complicated Pascal's wager. The same argument can justify
               | wearing a helmet because you might be hit in the head by
               | falling meteorites, or wearing a life vest to work in
               | case you slip and fall into a pond.
               | 
               | Not to say wearing a mask is bad! It's just that it needs
               | justification by actual or estimated data, not a fuzzy
               | thought experiment.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | It isn't rocket surgery.
               | 
               | If you have a cold, wear a mask. Or at the very least
               | cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze. Do you also
               | need a hundred year weather analysis if someone suggests
               | carrying an umbrella because it is cloudy?
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | You make it sound like masking for a cold is as obvious
               | as knowing it's going to rain.
               | 
               | When was the first time you wore a mask when you realized
               | you had a cold? (Serious question; not rhetorical.)
               | 
               | I have to say, I don't know anyone who thought that was
               | an obvious thing to do until 3 years ago. In fact, I know
               | a few people who still wear masks every day, but
               | otherwise, no one I know does it anymore, even if they
               | have a cold.
               | 
               | I don't think there's anything obvious about it at all,
               | if obvious means something that everyone can see.
        
               | kanbara wrote:
               | several countries in asia have done this for decades--
               | it's basic safety and politeness
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | > It isn't rocket surgery.
               | 
               | You are right, it's worse: it's metaphysics.
               | 
               | > If you have a cold, wear a mask.
               | 
               | I have even a better idea: everyone should behave
               | according to my biased, subjective whims.
        
               | strken wrote:
               | That's not a reply to what I wrote. I agree that
               | preventative measures against the spread of disease
               | include wearing a mask in public and that this is a good
               | idea if you've got a cold, but I think that because of an
               | assessment of the risk.
               | 
               | Do you need to wear a mask alone in your own garden? It
               | could still help you avoid a _possible_ death. The only
               | thing that changes between  "in public" and "in my
               | garden" is the risk: the consequence is always death.
               | Your four-quadrant thought experiment is meaningless
               | unless you intend to suggest that any risk of death, no
               | matter how minor, justifies an inconvenience that might
               | prevent it.
               | 
               | Frankly, yes, you should look at a _daily_ weather report
               | before carting an umbrella around. If there 's a 0.0001%
               | chance of rain then it's okay to risk it.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > The same argument can justify wearing a helmet because
               | you might be hit in the head by falling meteorites, or
               | wearing a life vest to work in case you slip and fall
               | into a pond.
               | 
               | This is just ridiculous because you're purposefully
               | ignoring context.
               | 
               | Getting hit in the head by a meteor is an extremely
               | unlikely event. It's also an event, were it to occur, is
               | even less likely the helmet would actually prevent
               | injury. Those odds don't justify the action.
               | 
               | If you spend no time around bodies of water where a life
               | vest would protect against drowning, then there's no need
               | to wear a life vest. However if you _do_ spend a lot of
               | time around such bodies of water wearing that vest makes
               | more sense. There 's nowhere meteor helmets make much
               | sense but very clear situations where life vests make
               | sense.
               | 
               | On the spectrum of utility masks are much closer to life
               | vests than meteor helmets. Masks clearly slow
               | transmission of some diseases. Every operating room in
               | the world requires masks for good reason. They're not
               | magic though, they're simply a component of a hygiene
               | regimen.
               | 
               | The odds on a mask preventing transmission of a
               | respiratory disease are easily high enough to suggest
               | wearing one when a respiratory disease is prevalent. A
               | mask in a grocery store makes sense. It makes less sense
               | pumping gas. It makes no sense at home or driving alone
               | in your car.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | I was fortunately already equipped and with reuse (which
               | I, as a superior epidemiologist to many currently so
               | certified, concluded correctly was safe) was able to wear
               | a mask against the advice of the HHS and the NIAID. As
               | someone who already wore masks when ill so as not to
               | infect others, this wasn't too much of a stretch, and it
               | made for an interesting challenge running up Twin Peaks.
               | 
               | However, I have still lost trust in the HHS, who I'd
               | hoped would have been honest about their objectives. A
               | modern shift among institutional scientists has been a
               | substantial loss of truth-speaking. It appears that if
               | they were to consider a random variable x in (0,1) under
               | the conditions:
               | 
               | - that they estimate it to be X
               | 
               | - that they believe the people estimate it to be Y << X
               | 
               | - that they believe the people will estimate it to be Y
               | if they were to reveal that they estimate it to be Z >> X
               | 
               | then they will publicly claim that the variable is valued
               | at Z. That is, despite being tasked with scientific
               | examination, and knowing that they are known to be
               | unreliable they attempt to manipulate the situation so
               | that the public will have the same estimate as they do.
               | 
               | This has the unsurprising effect that their credibility
               | reduces, and therefore the value of Z required rises
               | sufficiently above X that their claims no longer seem
               | reasonable, resulting in a positive feedback loop that
               | results in catastrophically deteriorated credibility.
        
             | matthewdgreen wrote:
             | I think it's amusing that your biggest gripe about the
             | pandemic is a few weeks in 2020 where the government put
             | out confusing information about masks. Sure it's a screwup,
             | but compared to the government's ongoing foibles sourcing
             | and distributing PPE it was a nothingburger. By contrast,
             | the governor of my state had to obtain PPE through his
             | wife's connections and had to show up with police to keep
             | the Feds from confiscating it.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Not "confusing". Intentional misinformation. I am
               | familiar with lack of state capacity. That can be worked
               | with. I am also familiar with state capacity directed
               | towards information manipulation. To me, the latter is
               | higher risk than the former.
        
           | jack_pp wrote:
           | Early on it made sense and we were told the lock-down would
           | be a couple of weeks. Those couple of weeks stretched for
           | _years_ and that 's why there was a switch when it was
           | obvious lock-downs didn't work but were still imposed.
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | A fair number of countries did have lockdowns that
             | successfully eliminated (as in: completely eliminated the
             | virus within their borders) the virus within weeks. China
             | is the elephant in the room (local elimination by about
             | April 2020), but there are several other countries that did
             | the same thing (such as New Zealand, Australia, Vietnam,
             | Singapore, Taiwan).
             | 
             | On the assumption that you're an American, your country was
             | not organized enough to couple a lockdown with effective
             | contact tracing and mass testing, which is what other
             | countries did to eliminate the virus.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | Yep. Australian here. We successfully brought our case
               | numbers down a number of times through expensive, city
               | wide lockdowns. Each time we succeeded and then opened
               | back up, the virus unfortunately found a new route in the
               | country and case numbers went up again.
               | 
               | If the whole world had adopted this strategy, covid would
               | have been eliminated from the planet entirely.
               | 
               | Lots of lives were still saved by our strategy because
               | almost everyone had a chance to get vaccinated before
               | getting covid.
               | 
               | Even with the benefit of hindsight, its still
               | controversial whether the lockdowns were worth it
               | overall. But they were definitely effective at containing
               | covid.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | It's also with noting that there were other zero-CoVID
               | countries that were able to maintain control of the virus
               | with less significant lockdowns. The key was early
               | detection of new outbreaks and effective, rapid contact
               | tracing.
               | 
               | Between the initial outbreak and Omicron (roughly, April
               | 2020 - March 2022), most people in China never
               | experienced a lockdown, because each new outbreak was
               | controlled locally before it could spread to the rest of
               | the country.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Lockdown may have made sense as a strategy to vaccines
               | and treatments in place. To abolish the virus? It could
               | never have worked. I mean, tell me how likely do you
               | think it would have been that every country could have
               | done something like that, in synchrony?
        
               | brigandish wrote:
               | All of your claims are false:
               | 
               | 1. The virus was not eliminated in any country, at any
               | point in the pandemic. Moreover, why do you believe
               | anything that comes out of China at this point?[1]
               | 
               | 2. Your examples:
               | 
               | > New Zealand,
               | 
               | Low but not eliminated until late 2021 when cases surged
               | exponentially[2]
               | 
               | > Australia,
               | 
               | Low until summer of 2021. Surged exponentially in winter
               | of 2021 [3]
               | 
               | > Vietnam,
               | 
               | Same story as Australia[4]
               | 
               | > Singapore,
               | 
               | 2020 disn't start well but settled down until summer of
               | 2021 [5]
               | 
               | > Taiwan
               | 
               | Low until Spring of 2022 when cases surged
               | exponentially[6]
               | 
               | [1] https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/23/china/china-covid-
               | infecti...
               | 
               | [2] https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/new-
               | zealand
               | 
               | [3]
               | https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/australia
               | 
               | [4]
               | https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/australia
               | 
               | [5]
               | https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/singapore
               | 
               | [6]
               | https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/taiwan/
        
               | someNameIG wrote:
               | Australia is a big place with the major population
               | centres isolated from each other by hundreds of KMs, you
               | can't just look at overall numbers. Here in Melbourne we
               | successfully eliminated 2 covid outbreaks, and then we
               | were able to control the spread until most had been
               | vaccinated.
               | 
               | As a proportion of the population only a very small
               | amount of us have been exposed to covid with a naive
               | immune system; not being vaccinated.
        
             | jmopp wrote:
             | It's an interesting game-theory problem. If everyone locked
             | down, the virus would have been contained. But global
             | cooperation is pretty much impossible, and every choice had
             | its cost.
        
               | abwizz wrote:
               | locking everything down is impossible because ppl would
               | start to starve within a week or so. specialisation and
               | compartmentalisation of labor has a price
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | For a lockdown to be effective, it didn't need to shut
               | down the city completely. Just do enough to get R0 (the
               | avg number of people who each person infects) below 1.
               | This causes the case numbers to drop exponentially. And
               | when case numbers are small enough, contact tracing can
               | be used.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That is a false premise. First, even if all humans locked
               | down for weeks that wouldn't have contained the virus due
               | to the existence of animal reservoirs. Second, even with
               | perfect global cooperation it's not even possible to lock
               | everyone down. What about farmers, food distribution,
               | healthcare, utilities, law enforcement, etc? Those people
               | are going to carry and spread the virus. The notion of
               | containing a highly contagious respiratory virus was just
               | stupid and unrealistic from the start.
        
               | jmopp wrote:
               | What it would have done was taken the reproduction number
               | below 1, making contact tracing effective. It's the
               | distinction between 'elimination' and 'eradication'. TB
               | is a classic example of a highly contagious respiratory
               | disease that has been eliminated from much of the
               | developed world. Yes, active TB cases still pop up, but
               | the spread is stopped before it goes out of hand. The
               | fact that associations like the NBA managed to implement
               | a successful bubble shows it would have been possible for
               | essential services to keep moving. Yes, the cost of doing
               | so would have been high, but if people in February 2020
               | knew what was coming they might have considered it more
               | seriously.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Nonsense. Contact tracing failed everywhere it was tried.
               | And any measures were temporary at best. You can't
               | eliminate a highly contagious disease with multiple
               | animal reservoirs. The virus was always destined to run
               | through the entire human population regardless of what we
               | did. Any belief otherwise is pure hubris.
               | 
               | And personally I'm certainly not willing to participate
               | in any scheme involving the government tracking my
               | location.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > What it would have done was taken the reproduction
               | number below 1, making contact tracing effective.
               | 
               | This assumes that most people in the society are not very
               | privacy-conscious, i.e. are fine with being tracked
               | (contact tracing).
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | If I remember correctly, the stated goal was not to
               | eliminate Covid, but to "flatten the curve" to prevent
               | hospitals from getting overwhelmed
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | [Speaking from a UK perspective, YMMV in other countries]
               | Originally it was, yes, yet this shortly got brushed
               | under the carpet, and we were repeatedly told "just two
               | more weeks!" with the apparent goal of solving death.
               | Society only opened back up because ordinary people got
               | sick of it. If we'd carried on "listening to experts"
               | we'd have been lucky to have last Christmas with more
               | than 6 people round the table
               | 
               | The goalposts really went supersonic once vaccines came
               | onto the table. Allegedly, they were supposed to be our
               | ticket out of hell, but clearly the enthusiasts were
               | enjoying it too much to allow that. From "just wait this
               | lockdown out until we have a vaccine" to "until all over
               | 40s have been jabbed" to people still insisting that
               | "it's not safe until we've triple jabbed 18 year olds",
               | as we opened up and their apocalyptic fantasies did _not_
               | come to fruition
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | bryananderson wrote:
             | What lockdown? Not a single jurisdiction in the US did a
             | true lockdown like New Zealand, Italy, etc. Not even for
             | two weeks.
             | 
             | I also can't think of anywhere in the US where anything was
             | still mandated closed a single year after it started, let
             | alone multiple years. I'm struggling to think of anywhere
             | that even came close to a full year.
             | 
             | The revisionism around Covid has gotten wild. Certain
             | businesses had to close for a few months (with government
             | aid), capacity limits came and went for a while after that,
             | and some places required you to wear a mask for longer. But
             | somehow the narrative has become "the government would not
             | let me leave my house for multiple years".
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | > The revisionism around Covid has gotten wild. Certain
               | businesses had to close for a few months (with government
               | aid), capacity limits came and went for a while after
               | that, and some places required you to wear a mask for
               | longer. But somehow the narrative has become "the
               | government would not let me leave my house for multiple
               | years".
               | 
               | Technically that's one narrative among many - popular
               | with some, unpopular with others.
               | 
               | Possibly relevant:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture
               | 
               | Etc
        
               | base698 wrote:
               | In California during December 2020 after allowing outside
               | dining they shutdown all restaurants. I don't remember
               | when they relented and allowed outside dining again but
               | it was into 2021. Most schools were closed for almost 2
               | years. Most offices and theme parks were much much
               | longer.
               | 
               | People conflate China style lockdown with massively
               | disruptive policies we had in California. While I wasn't
               | boarded in my home, I was turned away while outside
               | dining to use the restroom in a restaurant and got
               | threatened by the police by the beach when beaches and
               | parks were still closed.
               | 
               | The narrative is more, if anyone advocates for anything
               | like that again they are the enemy.
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | The revisionism seems to be in the other direction.
               | Perhaps this wasn't the case in some of the US (and I
               | commend those states for that), but in the UK there
               | definitely was a good year of on-and-off restrictions
               | involving significant periods where it was outright
               | illegal to meet up with your friends indoors, and
               | businesses had capacity limitations extending well into
               | 2021, even if they may not have been legal requirements
               | at later stages. And even when the restrictions were
               | lifted in 2021, there was much screaming and crying,
               | predictions of medical apocalypses, and accusations of
               | granny killing. If we'd carried on "following the
               | science" (for what it came to mean) we'd barely be out of
               | lockdown now. And when I say "The UK" I'm really talking
               | about England - Wales and Scotland had even harsher
               | lockdowns
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | It is not possible to have true lockdowns within the US
               | as a Constitutional matter. Any restrictions on free
               | travel within the US is a fundamental right subject to
               | the "strict scrutiny" standard, which could never be met
               | by broad lockdowns.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | An issue I had, having been previously quite familiar with
           | the literature on the 2003 variant of COVID, is that the
           | government manifestly ignored many of the scientific findings
           | of that earlier outbreak for political reasons.
           | 
           | It would have been great if they leaned on the science from
           | the 2003 version of the disease, but they didn't and some of
           | the policies made no sense in light of that prior literature.
        
             | RandomLensman wrote:
             | Perhaps, but are you familiar with the practice of the 2003
             | version, too? I don't mean that facetiously, but my
             | experience is that practice and literature are two very
             | different things in medical sciences (and others, too).
             | There is a social component to epidemics, for example, that
             | you don't just get to ignore.
        
         | dm319 wrote:
         | Disagree. COVID was high mortality at 1% before the vaccine
         | with an especially high contagiousness. Hospitals were
         | overwhelmed in areas that couldn't control the spread, which
         | meant shortages of beds and oxygen for those who could be
         | saved.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | > That turned out to be the direct opposite course of action
         | needed.
         | 
         | I wonder, in hindsight, what would have been the better course
         | of action.
         | 
         | Taiwan did that and their mortality and contagion rate is
         | orders of magnitude lower than in the US. Same goes for Japan.
         | Hell, even most European countries have a lower mortality rate
         | than the US. All of these countries have also a higher
         | population density than the US.
        
       | jjallen wrote:
       | Can we change the title of this article to "We need scientists"?
       | Clearly this guy was a scientist and changed the world for the
       | better. He was a dissident at the time because we didn't know
       | about "germs". Now we do.
       | 
       | We really need people to be more open-minded about using science
       | as a general approach to life (especially where it matters like
       | in health).
        
         | MrPatan wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | The whole point is that they're telling you stuff you disagree
         | with or don't like to hear, but we shouldn't censor them, not
         | that they're wearing a lab coat.
        
           | mcny wrote:
           | No, that is not science.
           | 
           | Setting aside your political beliefs, looking at the data,
           | and coming to a conclusion based on evidence is science.
           | There is no need for dissenters or a devil's advocate. The
           | grandparent is correct. We need scientists.
           | 
           | This is what I think of when I hear the word science:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%E2%80%93Morley_exper.
           | ..
           | 
           | Not idiots who can't be arsed to wear a mask at the movies.
        
       | pella wrote:
       | https://archive.li/6vnq0
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | I think one cause of this inability to tolerate dissent is how
       | scientists and capital-S Science have functionally (and
       | inadequately) replaced religion/ethics/philosophy for a sizable
       | portion of society. Many otherwise intelligent people think that
       | religion/philosophy is purely subjective, merely a word game, or
       | not something "serious" people study. Of course, they do this
       | without understanding that this position is itself a
       | philosophical position, the result of centuries of intellectual
       | development.
       | 
       | The result: science, which is supposed to be a neutral process
       | that _encourages_ dissent, becomes a political game, where
       | scientists are treated as the ultimate authority on non-
       | scientific questions.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | Complete with "believers" and "non-believers." Which has no
         | place in the actual scientific process.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | _" Trust the science."_, which I recall was often preached
           | during covid lockdowns, is about as religious as it gets.
        
             | jquery wrote:
             | Things can get way more religious than that. For example,
             | we can look at the science and do the exact _opposite_ of
             | what the data tells us.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Funny. That is what seemed to happen in reaction to
               | covid. Data and science were routinely ignored and
               | replaced by fear and tribalism. How else can you get
               | people to sign up for insane never ending government
               | mandates?
        
           | mnky9800n wrote:
           | Even priests! When's the last time Neil Degrassi Tyson did
           | any science? No he just preaches the good word for speaking
           | fees that would embarrass you.
        
             | 77pt77 wrote:
             | Did he ever do anything worth mentioning?
             | 
             | He sounds like a bureaucrat that just climbed the
             | hierarchical ladder.
        
               | apienx wrote:
               | I couldn't find any "influential" papers by him.
               | 
               | Here's a fascinating read about Neil's scientific output.
               | The graph at the bottom is quite informative.
               | https://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/2022/09/neil-degrasse-tyson-
               | not...
        
               | bglazer wrote:
               | Neil de Grasse Tyson's academic output is exactly what
               | you would expect from someone did a phd then left
               | research science. He has a few first author papers that
               | have a couple dozen citations and a few papers where he's
               | only a contributor. He hasn't written academically since
               | then. He's not doing active research, which may mean he's
               | fallen behind on the cutting edge, but that doesn't mean
               | he's not qualified to talk about astronomy with the
               | public. He has the relevant training and knowledge.
               | 
               | Emil Kirkegaard, whose blog you linked to, is not a
               | reliable or unbiased source for this kind of judgement
               | for a wide variety of reasons.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | The fame x paper sequence chart was telling:
               | 
               | https://www.strudel.org.uk/blog/astro/images/20100719_ast
               | ron...
               | 
               | and, as noted, Dr Brian May is completely off the chart
               | (fame - wise) with relatively few astro papers (just his
               | doctorate?).
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | The gist of this article seems to be that Tyson is "not
               | much of an astrophysicist" because he has too many social
               | media followers compared to the number of papers he has
               | published.
               | 
               | That kind of analysis seems nonsensical to me.
        
         | KeplerBoy wrote:
         | There are no non-scientific questions, are there?
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | Little more complicated than that. Here's a good example:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_positivism
        
           | xereeto wrote:
           | Sure there are. "Is the universe really billions of years
           | old, or did it pop into existence three seconds ago in its
           | current state including all of your memories?" It's
           | impossible to answer this question scientifically because no
           | empirical test could ever possibly be devised.
        
             | theelous3 wrote:
             | Also known as Last Tuesdayism, where the universe happened
             | last Tuesday. I and other intellectuals consider this
             | ridiculous. It was in fact last Thursday.
        
             | austinjp wrote:
             | Funny, that's a variety of Russell's Teapot, which stemmed
             | from philosophical arguments about religion.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot
        
           | seventhtiger wrote:
           | Science has come against its own limits many times.
           | 
           | Hume's problem of induction shows you that every scientific
           | conclusion is a leap of faith. Scientists try to make it as
           | small as possible of a leap, but it is still a leap.
           | 
           | Chaotic systems require more percision than physics allows,
           | making _many_ systems theoretically unpredictable. Having
           | accurate models is useless. If you have a model that 's
           | theoretically accurate but requires more accuracy than the
           | universe actually has then what does that even mean? Where
           | does that information come from?
           | 
           | Qunatum mechanics was basically the end of causality as we
           | know it. Forget correlation does not imply causation. There
           | is no causation.
           | 
           | Godel's incompleteness, Turing's halting, prove that formal
           | systems have limits and that even logic itself cannot go
           | everywhere.
        
           | lliamander wrote:
           | You just asked one.
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | Metaphysics and ethics in philosophy are non-scientific. And
           | these are extremely important things. Religion, which is folk
           | metaphysics and folk ethics, is, to billions of people now
           | living on this planet, more important and relevant to their
           | daily lives than science is.
        
           | _0ffh wrote:
           | Science only gives us an idea of _" What is?"_, it does not
           | really help with the question of _" What ought to be?"_.
           | 
           | Proper science is value neutral.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | > Proper science is value neutral.
             | 
             | Is that supposed to be a neutral scientific statement?
        
               | HKH2 wrote:
               | Right. Science can't stand on its own. It can never be
               | purely objective.
        
               | _0ffh wrote:
               | Any single player (scientist) cannot be purely objective.
               | Which is exactly why diversity of thought is essential
               | for science (the process) to work. Scientists with
               | different points of view can then challenge each other on
               | the basis of evidence. When you take viewpoint diversity
               | away this process breaks down and you are left with mere
               | ideology pretending at science.
        
               | _0ffh wrote:
               | I am not a positivist, so that statement is quite okay
               | for me to make. I can judge a process that aspires to be
               | scientific by how likely it is to result in an
               | approximation of objective truth.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | Could you fill in the logical leap from "spiritual institutions
         | are no longer credible" to "science is now political"? That is
         | not an intuitive leap. There are many independent and more
         | plausible explanations.
         | 
         | Also, the pretense of scientists not being good at science
         | (i.e. cannot handle dissent) is a rocky one. Any scientist
         | worth their salt is a person of science.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | > Any scientist worth their salt is a person of science.
           | 
           | Fun with set theory, tautologies, and rhetoric. Let's hope
           | there are no negative repercussions!
        
           | wredue wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | Slava_Propanei wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | I think you can make a narrative something like this:
           | traditional spiritual institutions lose their authority at
           | the same time as technological-scientific ones gain in
           | authority. Human beings are not good at following abstract
           | ideas; they need other human beings to follow.
           | 
           | Hence scientists fall into the role of "wisdom-givers"
           | previously held by village elders, religious leaders, etc.
           | Seeing as scientists are not trained to care about "wisdom"
           | or ethics beyond the basics, it's a mismatch that results in
           | the problems I mentioned.
           | 
           | Adding to this: the typical narrative is that scientific
           | advances eroded spiritual authority, but many philosophers
           | like Charles Taylor (in A Secular Age) show that is a vastly
           | oversimplified view of what happened.
        
         | toshk wrote:
         | There is also an aspect where it goes from science to policy,
         | and there is this step where certain parts of society simple
         | state: "how dare you think you know better then x, who studied
         | y for x amount of year, or this scientist".
         | 
         | It happens here too. During Covid, also here the lab leak
         | theory was talked as a crazy non-scientific conspiracy.
        
           | gilbetron wrote:
           | For being shutdown and canceled, the lab leak theory is and
           | has been talked about a shocking amount for the past 3+
           | years. Rarely a day goes by here that it hasn't been talked
           | about, especially in 2020.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jquery wrote:
           | As someone who believed the lab leak theory from the start, I
           | don't ever remember it being treated as a "crazy non
           | scientific conspiracy".
           | 
           | I do remember some people pushing the leak theory as if it
           | was 100% proven and them getting called out.
           | 
           | I also don't have any hard evidence for the lab leak theory
           | so I'm open to being wrong. I'm just suspicious because China
           | hasn't been forthcoming.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory
        
             | tripletao wrote:
             | Here's The Lancet in Feb 2020:
             | 
             | > We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories
             | suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin.
             | 
             | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-
             | 6...
             | 
             | Nothing in that condemnation is limited to claims of
             | deliberate release. That article contributed to a false
             | scientific consensus, which social media operators used to
             | justify banning any account that suggested SARS-CoV-2 might
             | have arisen from a research-related accident. For example,
             | Facebook did so until May 2021.
        
             | growingentropy wrote:
             | I only remember the lab leak theory being discussed
             | seriously once Biden had been elected. Prior to that, it
             | was treated as unenlightened racism.
             | 
             | Not that I'm a Trump fan. But the man was a lightning rod
             | like I've never seen for the left here in America.
             | 
             | Then again, just flippantly referring to Covid as the "Kung
             | Flu" just might have something to do with it.
        
             | ricksunny wrote:
             | > I don't ever remember it being treated as a "crazy non
             | scientific conspiracy
             | 
             | Consider that this treatment may have taken place in the
             | editorial boards & newsrooms of the outlets you read before
             | the debate ever had the opportunity to reach to your
             | attention.
             | 
             | Perhaps epistemology is not just individual in scope, but
             | societal.
             | 
             | Indeed, I also didn't remember it being treated in Jan-Oct
             | 2020 as a 'crazy non-scientific conspiracy'. But we know
             | today, (reference any journalist talking about origins on
             | Twitter) that lab leak was being treated amongst themselves
             | as a wild-eyed conspiracy theory
        
             | jkhdigital wrote:
             | I also felt it was the most likely explanation from the
             | first time I read about it (March/April 2020) but even if
             | it was "just one hypothesis" here's the thing: if true, it
             | has _profound_ implications for the future of humanity.
             | It's not like this is just an academic question about what
             | killed the dinosaurs. It doesn't matter whether it can be
             | proven; the fact that we consider it in the realm of
             | possibility means we need to figure out what can be done to
             | ensure the next "hypothetical" leak isn't even worse.
        
               | licebmi__at__ wrote:
               | Does it really matter? I mean we did had deadly pandemics
               | before biolabs were a thing. Other than blaming China
               | because that's what Americans want to do now, I haven't
               | heard anything interesting about what to do if the lab
               | leak hypotheses is right.
        
               | dent9876543 wrote:
               | It doesn't matter in the sense that we just had to deal
               | with the virus, no matter what.
               | 
               | But it does matter with regard to public trust in science
               | and government.
               | 
               | Others have also pointed out that it matters because of
               | it being a potential spark for racism (and that's a
               | reasonable concern no matter if you think the response
               | wrong or right).
               | 
               | Also, I remember some concern that it may be a bio-
               | weapon. And, although slight far fetched, it would be
               | consistent. Ironically, I suspect the intent was to
               | discount the possibility to prevent panic. (Though they
               | were happy to spread lower grade fear, so go figure...)
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | Thoreau made a similar argument after his carelessness
               | started a major wildfire, stating that once he lost
               | control of his campfire, it was "as if the lightning had
               | done it". His neighbors weren't impressed, and I'm not
               | impressed here either.
               | 
               | This thinking is just bizarre. ~20M people are dead. If
               | SARS-CoV-2 arose from a research accident at the WIV,
               | then those deaths were all avoidable, simply by not
               | funding research that was already considered to be an
               | unacceptable risk by many academics (Relman, Lipsitch,
               | etc.) before the pandemic, and actually defunded until
               | 2017. These were real people, mothers and grandfathers
               | and friends. Would you not rather they hadn't died?
               | 
               | The WIV was funded by the American NIH, and used
               | techniques first developed by Ralph Baric at the
               | University of North Carolina. If SARS-CoV-2 arose from a
               | research accident there, then the American government is
               | in no position to blame China. On the other hand, that
               | gives the American and Chinese governments a collective
               | incentive to downplay that possibility, as seems to have
               | occurred.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Actual scientists proposed the lab leak early on before they
           | were prompty shut down by the Fauci establishment and the
           | fake Lancet
        
             | toshk wrote:
             | Common sense proposed the lab leak. Was absurd and scary
             | how easily it was dismissed in pretty much the entire
             | Western media, not only the US. Even this forum got
             | subjected to it.
        
               | HKH2 wrote:
               | Well it's potentially racist to some, so common sense has
               | to go out the window.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | The fact that labs exist in other countries with people
               | of different ethnicities is not racist
        
               | Nasrudith wrote:
               | But the fact it was basically a recycling of several
               | racist "those filthy foreigners are responsible for
               | disease" tropes along with "scheming orientals" tropes.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Seems more like you projecting some racist stuff no one
               | else was thinking of.
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | As opposed to the "approved" knowledge that it came from
               | foreigners with poor hygiene eating strange animals?
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | No the argument is nonsensical on its face. A lab leak
               | supposedly recycles those tropes but _emergence from an
               | unsanitary wet market_ does not?
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | It's not "potentially" racist. It was being spouted by
               | racists and directly leading to violence against asians
               | in America and elsewhere. When this behavior is seen, and
               | with the standard lack of any nuance in both reporting
               | and social media, making such claims publicly if you're
               | less than 95% certain is irresponsible.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | What makes you certain that there was less than a 1 in 20
               | chance that the lab leak theory was wrong at the time?
               | 
               | After all, percentage fbtou are going to wait for every
               | theory to be 19/20 chance of being correct before you
               | announce it as a theory, no theory would have been
               | announced at all for COVID
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | You can't prove a negative. Again, you are ignoring my
               | point - most science isn't trying to make claims already
               | being used to incite violence. There is a higher standard
               | before publicly discussing such things.
        
               | Slava_Propanei wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | It was not just "common sense". I was reading in-depth
               | articles about the GoF line of research and all the
               | characters involved (Ralph Baric, Shi Zhengli, etc) back
               | in March/April 2020. Basically the entire body of
               | circumstantial evidence pointing to the lab leak
               | hypothesis was known and reported within months of the
               | start of the pandemic. Every in-depth article written
               | since then has been mostly a rehashing of what various
               | bloggers and alternative news sites had already
               | published.
        
               | wait_what wrote:
               | There is a huge reason to downplay it, especially in the
               | USA, until things could cool around it or things could be
               | worked out 100% factually and it is a science related -
               | basic Psychology.
               | 
               | That reason?
               | 
               | Hate Crimes -
               | https://www.npr.org/2021/08/12/1027236499/anti-asian-
               | hate-cr...
               | 
               | Even in my small town of 7000, an Indian lady was
               | assaulted to "get back at those Chinese for giving us
               | COVID (which doesn't exist and is just made up by the
               | lame stream media)".
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | No this isn't a good reason to shutdown actual scientific
               | discussion and this whole thing felt like a red herring
               | specifically played up to shut down dissent.
               | 
               | Anti-Asian hate crimes are a real thing, but both black
               | and white Americans endure them at a higher rate[1].
               | Further, these types of attacks went up across the board
               | during the pandemic however Asian based hate crimes
               | represented only ~8% of these attacks with most other
               | ethnic groups having way more attacks targeted at
               | them[2]. Seems to me like an example of cherry picked
               | statistics being used for political gain. Asian hate
               | crimes being something that became way more common during
               | the pandemic is simply not grounded in reality.
               | 
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/737681/number-of-
               | racial-...
               | 
               | https://www.justice.gov/crs/highlights/2021-hate-crime-
               | stati...
        
               | dent9876543 wrote:
               | It's all mess though.
               | 
               | It must have been really obvious to all concerned that,
               | by running to ground the lab leak theory, if it ever did
               | get out (what they did) that it'd be a big net loss for
               | trust in government and science.
               | 
               | So it follows that they must have been really (like
               | really /really/) scared that it was absolutely necessary
               | -- damn the consequences.
               | 
               | But my guess it's actually a feedback loop gone out of
               | control. (We knew even then that this was no Ebola.)
               | 
               | At the same time, in the UK, right at the start, we have
               | those now famous words: people were "made to feel more
               | personally vulnerable".
               | 
               | My guess is that the intended recipient of that
               | initiative was us (i.e., gen pop), but the acute
               | recipients (i.e., those most likely to hear, actively
               | listen and be influenced) were those already involved in
               | the campaign.
               | 
               | The volume could not be turned down (because it was
               | assumed gen pop would otherwise not listen). But very
               | stupidly, there also was no moderating mechanism for
               | those "in charge". So we have our loop.
               | 
               | (This doesn't fully track, because later the British PM
               | got seriously ill. And later still, the British PM also
               | went back to partying. So, there would have been re-
               | injected some non-trivial rationale to the severity
               | worries, albeit only later. And there was also apparently
               | a very effective moderating mechanism at least in central
               | government. But as a simple model, it explains a lot for
               | me.)
        
               | bonoboTP wrote:
               | > It must have been really obvious to all concerned that,
               | by running to ground the lab leak theory, if it ever did
               | get out (what they did) that it'd be a big net loss for
               | trust in government and science.
               | 
               | But a lab leak in itself would be a big loss of public
               | trust in science. It exemplifies the worst fears of the
               | uneducated regarding "God-playing scientists" who slice
               | and dice the DNA like a Frankenstein, produce plagues for
               | curiosity and "we were preoccupied with whether we could,
               | but not whether we should"-style tropes. A real leak
               | would validate these nutteries and play into the cards of
               | the woo anti-science people (remember those times? Penn
               | and Teller's Bullshit etc...). The fear around GMO etc.
               | And this sort of research is international and wasn't
               | localized to China and the Wuhan experiments aren't
               | solely with Chinese involvement. So they thought better
               | roll the dice and see if it gets out.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | Trust is a very feeble thing, and nobody wants to do an
               | honest postmortem. The train is simply moving forward
               | faster and faster. Erode public trust, then smear and
               | name-call anyone who doesn't adhere to an ever narrowing
               | band of acceptable beliefs, dismiss them all as
               | everything-ist nutjobs. Never admit wrong, just crank the
               | heat up steadily year by year. Because surely that will
               | solve the problems.
        
               | joenot443 wrote:
               | I don't think we should reject reality just because we're
               | concerned others can't handle that reality without
               | reacting violently. The notion that we should downplay
               | certain ideas because of crimes committed by people that
               | misunderstand those ideas is not something I can get
               | behind, sorry. Do you post on reddit a lot? The phrasing
               | of your argument and the intermittent spacing has that
               | reddity vibe to me.
        
               | Shugarl wrote:
               | GP didn't suggest to reject reality out of concern for
               | others. He said we should make sure to be 100% certain of
               | what the facts are before asserting what reality is to
               | the public, especially when it comes to sensitive
               | subjects.
               | 
               | The alternative is to say that reality is A, have a lot
               | of people face (just or unjust) repercussions, then say
               | "Oopsie! Turns out we were dead wrong". The damage is
               | already done by that point.
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | I'll take that over "how dare you question X YouTuber or Y
           | politician or Z super pac who has been "studying" this since
           | March 2020" any day.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | So basically all of the politicians who enacted crazy covid
             | mandates for three years?
        
         | crawsome wrote:
         | Why is it a bad thing that science has replaced superstition?
        
           | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
           | How could one firstly measure science and superstition in
           | such a way that this question would be answerable?
        
         | MC68328 wrote:
         | > religion/philosophy is purely subjective, merely a word game,
         | or not something "serious" people study
         | 
         | Innit, though? The people who whine about 'scientism' tend to
         | be selling a religious or political ideology. They reject the
         | need to measure things because they don't want their shit
         | tested.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | No, it isn't, and the fact that someone could seriously
           | suggest that the entire field of philosophy and religious
           | studies is some kind of elaborate grift is a great example of
           | what my original comment said.
        
             | MC68328 wrote:
             | Slow down, pardner, you're the one conflating religious
             | studies with actual, and sometimes useful, philosophy.
             | 
             | What your original comment said is that people are blindly
             | deferring to the authority of scientists, when they should
             | instead be blindly deferring to the authority of
             | theologians and philosophers (and presumably only those of
             | your preferred faction).
             | 
             | (In the spirit of the continental philosophers, I read
             | between the text.)
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Your comment is full of false accusations and has nothing
               | to do with what I wrote.
               | 
               | Where did I say they should blindly defer to philosophers
               | and theologians? I said these subjects should be studied
               | more. Nor did I say people currently blindly adhere to
               | scientists.
               | 
               | If you're going to argue, at least bother to read the
               | comment carefully first.
        
         | paradox242 wrote:
         | Oh boy, a good old fashioned science versus religion brawl is
         | about to go down. I haven't had a good one of these since the
         | Atheist Crusade of the early 2000s.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | I don't really think my comment suggests that. I am saying
           | that people should study philosophy and religion more,
           | because it's an extremely influential topic, especially when
           | it comes to science. The framing of science and
           | philosophy/religion as antagonistic is part of the problem.
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | Science is a human endeavour and therefore it's always
         | political.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | In some sense sure, but that doesn't imply that scientists
           | ought to function as political actors - especially when doing
           | so puts the actual practice of science at risk.
        
             | 77pt77 wrote:
             | It cannot be helped.
             | 
             | Is always takes precedence over ought.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | What can't be helped? Your comment is too vague for me to
               | understand what you're getting at.
               | 
               | As I said in my original comment, I think scientists are
               | being put in political positions because of a failure of
               | culture/people/society to care sufficiently about
               | philosophy and religion.
               | 
               | The solution to this seems obvious to me.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | One, what does religion have to do with those?
               | 
               | Two, individuals are political therefore their politics
               | bleeds into science.
               | 
               | If you think there is an obvious solution then you are
               | most assuredly incorrect. Understanding power dynamics is
               | part of philosophy, not something that is separate from
               | it.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | The entire intellectual history of the past 3,000+ years
               | has been shaped by "religion", which as a separate
               | concept is a fairly recent phenomenon. Everything from
               | individual rights, the value of Truth, the concept of
               | secularism, and a million other things can be directly
               | traced to conflicts and developments of religion. Part of
               | the problem that I alluded to is the refusal of many
               | intelligent people to recognize this.
               | 
               | Secondly, there is a major difference between scientists
               | having political beliefs and scientists being put in
               | political positions where they make decisions for society
               | at large. These are not the same thing.
               | 
               | Thirdly, the obvious solution was to make people care
               | more about philosophy and religion and not continue to
               | put scientists into a political position where they are
               | incentivized to quash dissent.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | > therefore it's always political
           | 
           | Therefore it will always _contain_ politics. Just like
           | everything humans do. Just like software engineering. But
           | that doesn 't mean the technical aspects of software aren't
           | also important. All the political insights in the world won't
           | tell you how to make a webpage or how to build a telescope.
           | 
           | Tell me there's politics involved and I still have no idea
           | what goes on in your research lab or your software team.
           | 
           | These sort of reductive, absolutist claims only sound wise
           | when you're young. They basically never tell you anything
           | useful about how to act in the world. Years ago a friend of
           | mine would rant at length to anyone who would listen about
           | how everything in human society is based on economic
           | incentives. He's right! But I could easily make the same
           | argument about all sorts of things. Everything in human
           | society is also about status. Or politics. Or the myths we
           | tell about ourselves (like religion and science). Everything
           | can be explained by evolutionary biology. Or the tribe, or
           | the individual. Or how children are raised. And so on.
           | 
           | There are so many important perspectives to have. But if you
           | really want to know what goes on amongst scientists, there's
           | no alternative but to spend time talking to them. You're so
           | much more right, and more wrong than you think. The details
           | are, also, everything.
        
             | 77pt77 wrote:
             | >But if you really want to know what goes on amongst
             | scientists, there's no alternative but to spend time
             | talking to them.
             | 
             | I guess I can always have a monologue...
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Oh astronomy and black holes influence everyday policy? Do
           | you enjoy blanket statements much?
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | They influence funding grants, which is public policy.
        
             | 77pt77 wrote:
             | The process of studying those subjects is very strongly
             | political.
             | 
             | Stop assuming bad faith and stick to the point.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | Counterpoint: No it's not.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | <<Big Bang>> model of Universe evolution has religious
               | origin. It's politics.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | We look at the movements of body in the sky, we find that
               | they are pretty clearly expanding, and given that if we
               | assume that this has been going on for a long time (and
               | there's very little reason to believe otherwise given
               | what we know about physics), we can clearly see that
               | there must have been a moment in time where everything
               | was much closer together, up to an infinitely small
               | point... this is basically what Big Bang says. Can you
               | please tell me what religious origin there may be in
               | this??
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | Why are we looking at the sky in the first place?
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | Humans are curious. We've always wanted to know what
               | those little dots of light in the sky are.
               | 
               | We used to make up stories to explain them... but now we
               | don't have to, we can figure it out using our knowledge
               | of matter and physics, make predictions to check whether
               | those are correct, basically the scientific method...
               | religion is not necessary to explain why we look at the
               | sky, nor why we feel we have to be decent people for that
               | matter, or why we would like to know where everything
               | came from and where we're going. Simply being consciuous
               | and rational and curious is enogh for all that.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | It's not necessary, but seems to be sufficient for many,
               | maybe most people.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | Big Bang model was originally formalised by Belgian
               | Catholic priest, theoretical physicist, mathematician,
               | astronomer, and professor of physics Georges Lemaitre.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre
               | 
               | Expansion of our local group of galaxies is coincidence.
               | We are falling into Big Attractor, which falls into
               | Shapley attractor, so our local group of galaxies is
               | stretched.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mQr6mzmzbU
               | 
               | https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.02483
               | 
               | (unproven ideas:)
               | 
               | On big scale, gravitational noise, discovered by
               | LIGO/VIRGO/NANOgrav, causes red shift of photons.
               | 
               | Microwave background is light of distant galaxies with
               | z=1000, or about 4 trillion light years.
        
           | Knee_Pain wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | The only "practical" thing I learned from pure math (I'm not
         | good at it) is that everything is more or less, "word game",
         | and everything can be questioned.
         | 
         | Once you realize even the most obvious things, like "A < B || A
         | == B || A > B" can be _not necessarily true_ for real numbers,
         | you really can 't stop wondering if what authority says is so
         | true...
        
           | greysphere wrote:
           | The Reals are ordered right? Any two elements can be
           | compared.
           | 
           | I'm guessing you might be referring to infinite sets of reals
           | being potentially unordered under zfc w/o the axiom of
           | choice. In that case, you made up this word 'infinite' so you
           | have to say what it means. I guess calling that a word game
           | is one way to think about it.
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | > you might be referring to infinite sets of reals being
             | potentially unordered under zfc w/o the axiom of choice. In
             | that case, you made up this word 'infinite' so you have to
             | say what it means. I guess calling that a word game is one
             | way to think about it.
             | 
             | Yeah. Since "uncountable infinite" has no real world
             | meaning (maybe in some modern physics it does?), it's hard
             | to say what the natural definition of real numbers is, and
             | things like axiom of choice's true value is quite
             | arbitrary.
             | 
             | But even at a less-abstract level, I don't think the
             | comparability of real numbers is so obvious. For example if
             | you just define a (irrational) real number as a non-
             | repeating decimal, or "a program on a Turing machine that
             | prints digits and never halts"[1], then how do we know
             | comp(A, B) halts or not?
             | 
             | It's not a proof of that real numbers are not comparable
             | (since it just reduces comp(A,B) to halting problem, not
             | vice versa), but at least for me it's telling that simple
             | things like comparison is not always simple.
             | 
             | [1]: Of course it's ill-defined and can't cover all real
             | numbers, since the number of programs on a giving Turing
             | machine is countable.
        
               | enugu wrote:
               | You can encode halting of a program P as a comparison of
               | a computable real number Q with a fixed number R by
               | defining Q as 0.111..1 where each step of P adds one
               | digit of 1 to Q's expansion. P will halt iff Q is less
               | than R=0.111...
               | 
               | Any subset of reals is ordered as it inherits the usual
               | order from reals. The existence of well ordering (related
               | to AOC) is difficult issue).
               | 
               | But the trichotomy of A>=<B does fail for a different but
               | useful logic - remove the law of contradiction. There is
               | a number e which is neither equal nor not equal to 0,
               | with e^2=0. This leads to simplifications of concepts and
               | proofs - you can define derivatives without limits for
               | instance. This topic is studied in synthetic differential
               | geometry.
               | 
               | But the real response to the comment 'everything is just
               | a word game' is 'just' is not apt. You are free to fix
               | rules of the game, once done you face questions which are
               | possibly beyond your ability to answer. A person could
               | run a program checking id Fermat equations had solutions
               | in 1950's. Only In 1990's we know after great advances
               | (like discovering a route between mountain ranges) that
               | this program wont halt (or ZFC is inconsistent which
               | would be even more surprising).
        
         | poszlem wrote:
         | "Truths turn into dogmas the instant that they are disputed.
         | Thus every man who utters a doubt defines a religion. And the
         | scepticism of our time does not really destroy the beliefs,
         | rather it creates them; gives them their limits and their plain
         | and defiant shape. We who are Liberals once held Liberalism
         | lightly as a truism. Now it has been disputed, and we hold it
         | fiercely as a faith. We who believe in patriotism once thought
         | patriotism to be reasonable, and thought little more about it.
         | Now we know it to be unreasonable, and know it to be right. We
         | who are Christians never knew the great philosophic common
         | sense which inheres in that mystery until the anti-Christian
         | writers pointed it out to us. The great march of mental
         | destruction will go on. Everything will be denied. Everything
         | will become a creed. It is a reasonable position to deny the
         | stones in the street; it will be a religious dogma to assert
         | them. It is a rational thesis that we are all in a dream; it
         | will be a mystical sanity to say that we are all awake. Fires
         | will be kindled to testify that two and two make four. Swords
         | will be drawn to prove that leaves are green in summer. We
         | shall be left defending, not only the incredible virtues and
         | sanities of human life, but something more incredible still,
         | this huge impossible universe which stares us in the face. We
         | shall fight for visible prodigies as if they were invisible. We
         | shall look on the impossible grass and the skies with a strange
         | courage. We shall be of those who have seen and yet have
         | believed."
        
         | teh64 wrote:
         | I feeling like this whole science has replaced religion is just
         | right wing cope because science doesn't represent their
         | feelings.
         | 
         | Also because people are becoming less religious, its an
         | argument to prop up religions by saying: don't quit your
         | current religion, all those "atheists" are just upholding
         | different religious ideas, so they it is the same as switching
         | to something like buddhism.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | Modernity is when you pilot society using science. See: EPCOT
         | and Disney's vision in the 1950 of building entire cities with
         | everything perfectly entirely planned.
         | 
         | So when you control science, you control the laws. And you
         | can't control science, but you can control the press around
         | science, and how people talk about science.
        
         | psychoslave wrote:
         | What do you mean with subjective? Both philosophy and religion
         | are highly social topics. And past trivial instinctive moves,
         | you need some languages and cultural framework to achieve
         | anything that allows transcending individual limits.
         | 
         | Science names a lot of heterogeneous practices which all have
         | in common to be constraint by human interests. So they are
         | neutral only if you define neutral with this highly
         | sociosubjective consideration.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | By subjective I mean relative, I.e. there is no real
           | difference between different options and it's all no more
           | significant than whether you prefer Pepsi or Coke. This is
           | the attitude many people hold toward the topic.
        
         | nathan_compton wrote:
         | Dude, scientists (in my experience) handle dissent just fine.
         | The idea that scientists have problems with dissenting opinions
         | is mostly propagated by assholes with some other agenda, whose
         | scientific ideas have already had a fair hearing, who are just
         | trying to prolong the public discussion for reasons typically
         | unmotivated by genuine scientific interest.
         | 
         | I've spent most of my career around scientists of one stripe or
         | another and I've literally never met a scientist committed to
         | even their pet ideas at some kind of ideological level.
         | 
         | Are scientists perfect? Hardly. Have their been scientific
         | paradigms or ideas that have persisted longer than they should
         | have? Definitely. Scientists are human beings. There are limits
         | to how rational they can be, especially in groups, but to
         | suggest that science is somehow intolerant of dissent is a
         | straw man cartoon ass argument.
        
           | TotalCrackpot wrote:
           | There is a bunch of examples of extremely influential
           | theories that were dismisses because of authority figures, I
           | don't know if you count math as science, but for example set
           | theory was extremely controversial.
        
             | nathan_compton wrote:
             | And yet set theory is now regularly employed. It used to
             | take humans hundreds of years to adjust major ideas. Now
             | dummies complain if an idea takes a decade to gain
             | acceptance. Science is still probably the most flexible and
             | adaptive social milieu in the history of the human race.
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | > _count math as science_
             | 
             | It's not. They're both offshoots of philosophy, but they're
             | distinct from eachother.
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | Every one of the CoVID examples given there is obviously
             | wrong, even with hindsight:
             | 
             | * The "Great Barrington Declaration," if followed, would
             | have likely doubled America's already extremely high death
             | toll. Which countries did the best in the pandemic? The
             | dreaded zero-CoVID countries, which got all the way to
             | vaccines with extremely low death tolls, often with a much
             | greater level of normalcy in everyday life than the US
             | (see: Taiwan, China, Singapore, New Zealand, etc.). The
             | idea of letting all controls on viral spread drop (which is
             | what the GBD effectively was) _before_ vaccines were
             | developed was just a plan for everyone to get the virus
             | without the benefits of vaccination, with the ensuing high
             | death toll.
             | 
             | * Mask mandates supposedly useless: challenging the idea
             | that proper masks (N-95s or equivalent) do not dramatically
             | reduce spread of the virus is like challenging the idea
             | that parachutes break falls. They do, for very simple
             | mechanistic reasons.
             | 
             | * Young people being vaccinated: The risks of vaccination
             | are far lower than the risks of CoVID in all age groups.
             | The worst side-effects of the vaccine (which are extrememly
             | rare) are actually far more prevalent after _infection_
             | than after _vaccination_.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | To point 3, they're not.
               | 
               | According to this UK government data which lists the
               | number needed to prevent one serious case -- which are
               | higher than the number at which we'd expect one serious
               | side effect.
               | 
               | Literally a QALY negative treatment.
               | 
               | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploa
               | ds/...
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | You're comparing two different things: prevented cases
               | and side-effects. The rate of those very same serious
               | side-effects is far higher from CoVID itself than from
               | the vaccine. You're literally increasing their frequency
               | by refusing to vaccinate.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | I'm not:
               | 
               | If you don't prevent at least one serious case per
               | serious side-effect caused, your treatment is a negative
               | contribution. That's what QALY negative means -- that
               | you're doing more harm than good.
               | 
               | This government information clearly says that the number
               | of immunizations needed for young people to prevent one
               | hospitalization is far above the number at which we'd
               | expect a serious side-effect, eg myocarditis.
               | 
               | Please stop denying government health data to promote
               | your kook theories. You're hurting people with
               | misinformation.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | All of your examples hinge on the idea that killing or
               | infecting people is bad. You have to broaden your mindset
               | to consider that some groups and people see those
               | outcomes as okay.
        
           | keepamovin wrote:
           | I agree with both of you, and I think a distinction is to be
           | made around the "genre" of the dissent.
           | 
           | The reason I have to pick a somewhat awkward word is because
           | awareness to the level of discussion and labeling of this
           | concept does not yet widely exist, so I have to invent it
           | here.
           | 
           | Is the dissent something which reinforces the money, power
           | and people of my field (which, wherever in said field I am
           | placed, I benefit from and aspire to ascend) or is it
           | something that undermines (or is perceived to undermine)
           | these vital field pillars?
           | 
           | TL;DR - Is the genre of dissent something the field can roll
           | with, or does it threaten (or seem to threaten) to upend it?
           | 
           | To paraphrase Michael Douglas, _scientists are like horses:
           | easily spooked._ If something smells like bad news for the
           | field, then... _woosh_ (sound of scientists galloping towards
           | stability).
           | 
           | The reason it appears both as if: "dude, scientists handle
           | dissent just fine" and "[scientists have] this inability to
           | tolerate dissent" is because in case of each, the genre of
           | the dissent differs (for that field).
           | 
           | Now would be a good point to chime in with some concrete
           | examples, but you need to be an expert to really do that, and
           | I'm not, so I'll probably get the example that supports my
           | thesis wrong. My example:
           | 
           | In particle physics, it's fine to dissent over whether this
           | or that fundamental force carrier may be the cause of the
           | latest round of measurement discrepancies (analysis: because
           | that reinforces dynamics in the field that channel funding
           | and personnel to making new measurements and theories), but
           | it's unfine to dissent over whether we should chuck the
           | entirety of the theoretical edifice (depending on where you
           | come down, you may read the preceding as "dogma") of dark
           | energy down the drain (analysis: because, while not very
           | explanatory, it safely does not challenge (nor threaten to
           | challenge) everything else we are busy doing).
           | 
           | In conclusion, I think scientists handle one genre of dissent
           | (including but not limited to specific technical dissent),
           | just fine, and in so doing are performing the normative work
           | of their field: interrogating theories through measurements;
           | but, I think they have an inability to handle another genre
           | of dissent (including but not limited to field-upending
           | dissent), which makes step-change field-evolving progress
           | glacial slow.
           | 
           | Depending upon which side you come down you will likely
           | declare: "Well, that's as it should be!" or "That's exactly
           | the problem I'm talking about!"
           | 
           | Perhaps that's why scientists, like horses, need some form of
           | management, that is--well...--"unscientific". They do the
           | work, but "management" (comprised of non-scientists) sets the
           | priorities. I know, I know, _awful...just unspeakably awful_
           | : But unless we can "train" scientists to embrace what
           | threatens their daily bread, the ideal of science will be
           | chomping at the bit of the restraints of its implementation
           | structures for the foreseeable future...
           | 
           | Main criticism: "but the daily bread of science _is_
           | constantly interrogating through measurement field upending
           | dissent, that 's _literally_ science! "--I agree, _but_
           | science as  'it should be', _not_ , how 'it is'.
           | 
           | Second criticism: "well maybe in other fields, but not in
           | _my_ field ". Fair enough! Maybe you can teach the rest of us
           | how you manage it so well!
        
             | nathan_compton wrote:
             | "In particle physics, it's fine to dissent over whether
             | this or that fundamental force carrier may be the cause of
             | the latest round of measurement discrepancies (analysis:
             | because that reinforces dynamics in the field that channel
             | funding and personnel to making new measurements and
             | theories), but it's unfine to dissent over whether we
             | should chuck the entirety of the theoretical edifice
             | (depending on where you come down, you may read the
             | preceding as "dogma") of dark energy down the drain
             | (analysis: because, while not very explanatory, it safely
             | does not challenge (nor threaten to challenge) everything
             | else we are busy doing)."
             | 
             | Yes, but in point of fact there is a lot of dissent of all
             | sorts in this field and very little commitment among
             | experts to the idea that our fundamental approach (QFT)
             | doesn't require some kind of conceptual revision. Even
             | among people proposing major revisions (strings, lqg, etc)
             | I've never detected any powerful suggestion on the part of
             | most scientists that their pet theory is clearly and
             | obviously correct and should just be accepted without
             | evidence.
             | 
             | Dark Energy and Dark Matter and widely felt to be
             | inadequate explanations but major revisions in this
             | ontology haven't manifested in the field because no one has
             | proposed any effective ones.
             | 
             | It is extremely easy in _hindsight_ to say  "this theory
             | should have been more readily accepted," but that view
             | ignores all the incorrect revisions which a field rejected
             | because of due diligence and a reasonable expectation that
             | new theories require good evidence.
        
           | jpk wrote:
           | I don't think the problem here is the actual scientists. The
           | problem is the "I Follow The Science(tm)" laypersons. A
           | scientist can speak on a subject with some degree of
           | authority, and be perfectly open to dissent if it's followed
           | with sufficient rigor. However, their layperson followers may
           | go on to parrot a claim made by said scientist, proclaim it
           | to be an absolute truth, and shun anyone who might casually
           | question it. A situation not unlike religious zealotry. In
           | general, science is great; scientism isn't.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | They're wrong an awful lot less often than the "The Science
             | Conflicts With My Strongly Held Opinions So I Reject It"
             | laypersons though.
        
               | advael wrote:
               | I really seldom ever see them though. Like the vast
               | overwhelming majority of people who reject what may be
               | the broad scientific consensus these days will not
               | outwardly claim to be rejecting "the science", they'll
               | say they believe some alternate source who also claims to
               | be doing "the science"
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | There are a whole lot of rants about "scientific
               | establishments", "naturopaths" etc that suggest
               | otherwise.
               | 
               | Whether "the science" is the correct label for broad
               | scientific consensus is something of a moot, semantic
               | point anyway. Either way you have a bunch of laypeople
               | largely ignorant of the details saying they trust the
               | scientific consensus and a bunch of ignorant laypeople
               | largely ignorant of the details saying they don't agree
               | with the scientific consensus [because someone else who
               | may or may not be a researcher says some other thing]...
               | but unless the evidential value of the weight of research
               | that results in "scientific consensus" is on average
               | worthless, the "trust the science" blind followers of
               | scientific consensus followers have the better heuristic
               | than the blind rejectors of scientific consensus.
        
               | MightyBuzzard wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | jpk wrote:
               | I mean, sure, but literally every avenue of human
               | endeavor endures ignorant and/or contrarian criticism.
               | Science certainly isn't spared from this, but it
               | generally doesn't prevent good science from getting done.
               | 
               | However, the premise of this thread is that scientism's
               | blind dismissal of dissent _does_ impede the process
               | because it turns a fluid search for truth into an
               | ossified political position, which can, in turn, provoke
               | actions that chill dissent.
               | 
               | So there's dumb dissent and smart dissent, but if there's
               | a large contingent of scientism zealots who are
               | indiscriminately dunking on _all_ dissenters, then that's
               | a problem.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | That does rather depend on whether the scientism zealots
               | have any influence on the practice of science (I'm really
               | not sure why ignorant people who agree with the
               | mainstream consensus would be any more likely to prevent
               | good science from being done than ignorant people who
               | dissent from it, especially since the latter often hold
               | political power too). And for that matter what the _net_
               | impact is, given that being a dissenter is a route to
               | outsized fame and influence as well as outsized criticism
               | on many topics.
               | 
               | I mean, I don't think it was _members of the public
               | endorsing the scientific consensus_ that ossified the
               | divide between mainstream medical professionals and
               | homeopaths, or added political implications to debates on
               | anthropogenic global warming. And whilst lots of laymen
               | shouted at each other over whether Invermectin was a
               | miracle cure that Big Pharma were trying to suppress or
               | an unproven Covid remedy most loudly promoted by quacks
               | and anti-lockdown politicos, lots of studies on its
               | efficacy were carried out and I suspect the career
               | implications for those developing world doctors who
               | carried out studies on their patient base, found some
               | benefit and continued to prescribe it even after other
               | studies suggested it was not a cure for COVID symptoms[1]
               | were generally very positive.
               | 
               | [1]it probably helps that, being scientists rather than
               | campaigners, they might have been capable of reaching
               | agreement with the scientific invermectin-sceptics that
               | it quite possibly was only protecting against parasite-
               | related comorbidities, but that still meant it made sense
               | to prescribe to _their_ at-risk patient group
        
           | thumbuddy wrote:
           | Uhm... It depends on the scientist. I've met a more then a
           | handful of the "it has to be this way" types. The kind who
           | thinks that being correct and being a brute are
           | interchangeable words. Maybe the real problem is they feel
           | the need to be correct about the unknown? Unclear.
           | 
           | Good scientists are what you describe. But they seem to be
           | becoming more rare.
        
             | didibus wrote:
             | Scientists or professionals?
             | 
             | Like I've found a lot of people thinks medical doctors are
             | scientist. A doctor has learned the knowledge at the time
             | they were in school. Now practices medicine, maybe keeps
             | themselves up to date a little, but can often be very
             | biased in their ways, because they're used to some practice
             | and will use their anecdotal experience during their
             | practice as truth.
             | 
             | You could say they are "experts" or "professionals", but
             | they'd not be actively applying the scientific method or
             | even keeping themselves up to date on all the relevant and
             | related studies about a subject.
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | I would be a bit cautious with that statement. Sure, your
               | local general practitioner may not be a scientist, but
               | quite a lot of medical doctors attached to major research
               | hospitals and medical schools are both physicians and
               | scientists who not only treat patients but also conduct
               | research on the efficacy of treatment and publish papers
               | on this.
        
           | samuell wrote:
           | Not all scientists are equal.
           | 
           | For sure, most of the ones I know are pretty honest with a
           | high degree of integrity.
           | 
           | But it's also not hard to see there's an increasingly lot of
           | politics involved in "science", the further up you go in the
           | hierarchies, not to mention among public figures.
        
           | noam_compsci wrote:
           | Covid debunks all your claims. I've taken all my covid jabs
           | and boosters so I'm not coming at this as some alt right
           | antivaxxer, but the systemic and systematic shut down of any
           | dissent against mainstream science and scientific
           | organisations was/is disgusting.
        
             | rusk wrote:
             | In my jurisdiction at least it was hijacked for business
             | purposes. I believe that all the lockdown stuff was
             | necessary but after a while certain actors started to take
             | advantage of it, for instance supermarkets selling a broad
             | range of stuff while all regular stores had to stay shut.
             | Hurdur supply chain.
             | 
             | Then there was the stockpiling of PPE, hand sanitizer. The
             | dismissal of masks unless they were "very good" (totally
             | ignoring collective benefit vs individual) and self testing
             | (again ignoring aggregate benefit vs individual). As soon
             | as particular commercial interests got their positions
             | covered these things all of a sudden became "okay".
             | 
             | Again, like I say the Covid outbreak was real. We did need
             | to do what we could not least to safeguard medical
             | services.
             | 
             | But boy did the schemers go to town once they figured out a
             | way to get rich from it.
             | 
             | Still waiting for that windfall tax on the supermarkets.
        
             | chrisan wrote:
             | > Covid debunks all your claims.
             | 
             | No it doesn't.
             | 
             | Maybe something on social media but not a single one of my
             | wife's colleagues at the hospital nor any other scientist
             | would have turned down ivermectin (as an example, there
             | were many other theories besides that one drug) if it had
             | shown any sign of doing good for their patients.
             | 
             | There were routine talking about alternate therapies among
             | the scientists/doctors/researchers about these topics. You
             | can search for the UCSF Covid Grand Rounds on youtube and
             | watch the history of their open discussions as research was
             | routinely presented from all over the globe on the various
             | items.
             | 
             | I code for a living and have no idea about this stuff, but
             | my wife's goal is to make patients better and she would
             | watch the grand rounds (or similar) every time and I'd
             | listen from another room. Not a single alternate treatment
             | wasn't discussed and evaluated.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | You were living in an echo chamber if you think that is
               | true. I dare you to question any covid crap in front of
               | your parent or (former) friends and relatives. Wait until
               | they call you every awful thing in the book.
               | 
               | Criticism or intellectual curiosity was absolutely not
               | tolerated.
        
               | noam_compsci wrote:
               | > my wife's colleagues
               | 
               | Your wife's colleagues are not the scientific community
               | at large. Organisations such as WHO and numerous
               | government regulators flat out lied to the public
               | throughout the pandemic.
               | 
               | Take the UK. Our health watchdog swore that masks were
               | not needed and people shouldn't wear masks at the start
               | of the pandemic. This was specifically to stop hoarding
               | of masks needed in hospitals. 3 months later mask
               | mandates were a legal obligation with fixed penalty
               | notices given for not wearing them.
               | 
               | Take the lab leak theory that WHO and many many
               | governments said was a Hoax. Pretty much widely known to
               | be correct now.
               | 
               | And yes. Ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine etc.
               | 
               | Finally. Vaccine safety. There is a lot of evidence that
               | there was not informed consent on the full impact of
               | taking the combine vaccine. Like I said, I took all the
               | doses. I'm not an antivaxxer. But the scientific
               | community destroyed careers of anyone that tried to say
               | otherwise.
        
               | someNameIG wrote:
               | > Take the lab leak theory that WHO and many many
               | governments said was a Hoax. Pretty much widely known to
               | be correct now.
               | 
               | A possible lab leak was never ruled out, just most of the
               | evidence does not point to it. It was never 10% ruled out
               | during the pandemic and now.
               | 
               | I'm a biologist, have friends who also biologists and
               | work in connected fields. Unless you think a possible lab
               | leak is the same as someone posting "100% proof covid is
               | a CCP bioweapon!!!!)
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | > Pretty much widely known to be correct now.
               | 
               | What? I thought it was widely acknowledged to not be
               | ruled out. But how could it be shown to be correct?
        
               | felipeerias wrote:
               | I'll give you an example.
               | 
               | Until 2020, healthcare authorities in the Western world
               | were were certain that viruses could never remain
               | airborne for extended periods of time.
               | 
               | People who thought otherwise (i.e. Asia) were routinely
               | dismissed as unscientific dunces following some weird
               | cultural habit.
               | 
               | Eventually it turned out that the Western scientists
               | didn't really have any hard evidence for that belief. It
               | was just an old idea that happened to match with their
               | priors, so they kept parroting it to one another and to
               | the public until the dead started piling in.
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | >Until 2020, healthcare authorities in the Western world
               | were were certain that viruses could never remain
               | airborne for extended periods of time.
               | 
               | "Healthcare authorities" are not necessarily scientists,
               | they are professionals. Nor am I aware of them ever
               | making this claim in the first place, at least never in
               | any kind of coordinated way. Please provide a source.
               | 
               | If you're talking about masks for Covid, that was because
               | the Trump administration bungled the mask situation so
               | badly that we were critically short on masks[1]. It was
               | decided that to minimize causalities, focus would be on
               | making sure health care professionals got masks first.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-
               | features/n95-...
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | > Eventually it turned out that the Western scientists
               | didn't really have any hard evidence for that belief.
               | 
               | Regardless of whether this particular "belief" was
               | actually held by anyone (it probably wasn't as others
               | point out), science is fully based on evidence. If what
               | you say is actually true, what those people claiming that
               | were doing was not science by definition. You cannot
               | claim something which you can't back up with data and
               | plenty of evidence and call what you're doing science.
        
               | melagonster wrote:
               | >It was just an old idea
               | 
               | but it is from the experience of another Corona virus
               | outbreak last time.
               | 
               | Asia just know wearing mask is helpful anyway.
        
               | felipeerias wrote:
               | But the health authorities in the West did not update
               | their knowledge in view of that evidence. I am familiar
               | with the case of Spain: when the COVID-19 pandemic
               | started, the public healthcare guidelines in Spain still
               | classified coronaviruses as mild viruses, not more severe
               | than the flu.
        
               | chrisan wrote:
               | Source of western healthcare authorities telling the
               | public this?
               | 
               | edit: also the airborness of it was also a repeated topic
               | in the cited grand rounds
        
               | felipeerias wrote:
               | The WHO only declared COVID-19 to be airborne in December
               | 2021.
               | 
               | There were many articles at the time describing this
               | failure. It's interesting how quickly it has faded from
               | memory.
               | 
               | I'm on my phone, so this is just an example from a quick
               | search. Again, there are many like this:
               | 
               | "Public health organizations including the World Health
               | Organization (WHO) initially declared the virus to be
               | transmitted in large droplets that fell to the ground
               | close to the infected person, as well as by touching
               | contaminated surfaces. The WHO emphatically declared on
               | March 28, 2020, that SARS-CoV-2 was not airborne (except
               | in the case of very specific "aerosol-generating medical
               | procedures") and that it was "misinformation" to say
               | otherwise. [...]
               | 
               | "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in
               | the United States followed a parallel path [...]
               | 
               | "The very slow and haphazard acceptance of the evidence
               | of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by major public
               | health organizations contributed to a suboptimal control
               | of the pandemic, whereas the benefits of protection
               | measures against aerosol transmission are becoming well
               | established."
               | 
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ina.13070
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | You said
               | 
               | > _Until 2020, healthcare authorities in the Western
               | world were were certain that viruses could never remain
               | airborne for extended periods of time._
               | 
               | There was certainly mainstream belief that _covid_ was
               | limited to droplet transmission (though I remember much
               | discussion of that as well) but the idea that Western
               | medicine didn 't think any viruses were airborne is
               | nonsense.
               | 
               | Another comment brought up measles, which is a great
               | example, and known for many decades.
        
               | civilitty wrote:
               | _> Until 2020, healthcare authorities in the Western
               | world were were certain that viruses could never remain
               | airborne for extended periods of time._
               | 
               | Did measles not exist before 2020? Where do you people
               | find this crazy shit?
        
               | bigger_inside wrote:
               | the scientists are not the problem here, PUBLIC science
               | and public institutional structures were, are, and will
               | be. The media takes a scientist, who has a strong
               | tendency to say "this may work, we can't be sure" and
               | "under some conditions, we believe that it might" and
               | turns it into "we know!"... for institutional media
               | reasons. Some scientists like the attention and are
               | willing to play along, to an extent. Public institutions
               | need "certainty rhetoric" for legal and PR reasons. The
               | reason Ivermectin was so clubbed to death wasn't because
               | it ddn't work, it was because the legal process of
               | emergency certification of the vaccine required that
               | there are no working cures, so that could institutionally
               | not be pursued. No evil intention is needed here; "we
               | want to help and this is a legal hurdle", on the one
               | side, meets "we want to sell this thing and need the
               | certification" on the other.
               | 
               | Scientists will always say "wait a minute, were not
               | sure". Institutions and their structures leave little
               | room for this, so scientists get translated to certainty
               | rhetoric, and the gullible public who often has a quasi-
               | religious view of science swallows it, as that's how the
               | media makes it for them.
        
               | dontupvoteme wrote:
               | >Maybe something on social media but not a single one of
               | my wife's colleagues at the hospital nor any other
               | scientist would have turned down ivermectin (as an
               | example, there were many other theories besides that one
               | drug) if it had shown any sign of doing good for their
               | patients.
               | 
               | Japan used it and it worked there.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | A quick google search disagrees:
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-439365261885
        
             | lol768 wrote:
             | I think this is a tricky one. Certainly I wasn't
             | particularly impressed with how the science was
             | _communicated_ in a few areas:
             | 
             | - The AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine, and the risk/benefit
             | analysis, particular in younger adult demographics
             | 
             | - The WHO's position on airborne transmission of Covid-19,
             | and the way in which understanding in this area was
             | misrepresented to the public
             | 
             | I took part in a vaccine clinical trial myself, and there
             | was a much more in-depth discussion as to what was known
             | about the candidate vaccination, its side effect profile -
             | and, more importantly, the limits of our knowledge given
             | the small population it had been tested in when I
             | volunteered.
             | 
             | We didn't see much of that nuance during the height of the
             | pandemic.
             | 
             | At the same time though, some may argue that trying to
             | combat misinformation requires over-simplifying some
             | things, such that they can be effectively communicated to
             | the public.
             | 
             | Ref:
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/who/status/1243972193169616898
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00925-7
        
               | kuhewa wrote:
               | > The AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine, and the risk/benefit
               | analysis, particular in younger adult demographics
               | 
               | This is more of a matter of public health than science
               | though. It would be nice if they were the same thing but
               | it's like asking for people to be perfectly rational and
               | well-informed actors like in those economics models
        
             | RandomLensman wrote:
             | Not sure the claim is true in the strong form, but that
             | aside: was the approach wrong as far as policies and social
             | outcome are concerned? Would a more nuanced approach have
             | worked better and by what metric? Just being unhappy about
             | what happened isn't enough for things social.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | This is a _non sequitur_ , which is ironic, given the rant.
         | 
         | For one, there are entire disciplines about ethics and
         | philosophy of science.
         | 
         | Also, the number of scientists that have been legitimized
         | outside their area of expertise, in the context of public
         | discourse, is orders of magnitude lower than pretty much in any
         | other career.
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | I couldn't agree more. Widespread belief in 'the science' is no
         | different to any other cargo cult.
         | 
         | One should either know whatever-it-is because one has verified
         | it, or one should be able to express one's assumptions re one's
         | hypothesis. Social beliefs ought to have no part of it.
         | Objective truth is not uncovered by consensus.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Define "Social beliefs"
        
           | fasterik wrote:
           | The problem is that nobody can verify the truth of every
           | statement for themselves. Reality is too complex and no
           | individual person has the time or the resources. For the vast
           | majority of our beliefs, we have to rely on the consensus of
           | experts, and that actually works really well. That doesn't
           | mean science is perfect. But look at the theories that allow
           | us to build a CPU with 50 billion transistors or a rocket
           | that can go to the moon and tell me there isn't objective
           | truth there.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | When I worked on the design of the 757, we knew it was
             | going to fly.
        
             | oneshtein wrote:
             | It works until it doesn't.
             | 
             | <<Hey, science community, look: I did an experiment and it
             | disproves X, so everything you build on top of X is flawed
             | too. Start from scratch, please!>>. Science community:
             | <<fck off>>.
             | 
             | For example: Michelson-Morley experiment -- disproved by
             | LIGO/VIRGO and NANOGrav.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | > Hey, science community, look: I did an experiment and
               | it disproves X, so everything you build on top of X is
               | flawed too. Start from scratch, please!
               | 
               | This happened several times, for example when Einstein
               | was proven right about the Theory of Relativity, showing
               | that Newton's Laws of Motion were not precisely correct.
               | The physics community eventually found out that Newton's
               | Laws were a really good approximation of the better
               | theory under conditions we experience on Earth (if you
               | plug numbers at human scale to the Theory of Relativity,
               | the equations actually approximate really closely to
               | Newton's Equations which is truly remarkable - you can do
               | it yourself as the Maths are not too complicated at all -
               | I did this in Physics 101, first year undergrad Major in
               | Physics), so they were not just dismissed, but continue
               | to be used to this day as they are extremely successful
               | in predicting the movement of bodies at human scale.
               | 
               | Your comparison with Michelson-Morley VS LIGO shows you
               | don't really comprehend what you're saying, as all LIGO
               | did was show that Gravitational waves can distort space-
               | time to an extremely small degree (compared to
               | astronomical measurements), which does not prove at all
               | that light speed is not constant in all directions - and
               | it boggles my mind why you think it does! You could make
               | the same incorrect argument by mentioning how light speed
               | is not the same in different materials?? The fact that
               | space-time is distorted at places (including near large
               | bodies as well - even ignoring gravitational waves) just
               | shows that light can have different speeds when you
               | consider such distortions - it feels stupid having to
               | even say this out loud - but no, that doesn't prove light
               | speed is not constant in a vacuum that is free of such
               | space-time distortions!
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | > Gravitational waves can distort space-time to an
               | extremely small degree
               | 
               | Space-time is not a physical term, it's framebuffer. You
               | are talking about mathematical model. Can you switch to
               | physic, please?
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | This is nonsense. Spacetime is a concept intrinsic to
               | both quantum field theory and general relativity, our
               | best physical theories. Quantum fields are defined as a
               | value for every point in spacetime. General relativity
               | defines gravity as the curvature of spacetime. Show me a
               | physical theory that makes the same predictions without
               | spacetime, and you can probably win a Nobel prize.
        
               | i_no_can_eat wrote:
               | > For example: Michelson-Morley experiment -- disproved
               | by LIGO/VIRGO and NANOGrav.
               | 
               | Care to elaborate?
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | Michelson-Morley experiment found no changes in speed of
               | light at all. Nothing. Zero fluctuations.
               | 
               | These fluctuations of speed of light were found much
               | later, by LIGO/VIRGO and NANOGrav.
               | 
               | The flaw of Michelson-Morley experiment is that it was
               | performed in isolated environment, but tried to measure
               | an external effect.
               | 
               | Imagine that we want to measure atmospheric circulation
               | in the same way: by measuring speed of wind in an closely
               | isolated and insulated room: it's impossible.
               | 
               | However, Michelson-Morley experiment is one of corner
               | stones for theory of Relativity.
               | 
               | > This incongruous result puzzled the physicists of the
               | world until 1905 when Einstein published his theory of
               | relativity. Viewed in the light of Einstein's
               | revolutionary work, the null results of the Michelson-
               | Morley experiment were not only predictable, but provided
               | experimental confirmation of Einstein's theory.
        
               | less_less wrote:
               | I don't agree with this characterization. This is not to
               | say that foundational studies are never invalidated: I
               | just don't think MM was one of them.
               | 
               | > Michelson-Morley experiment found no changes in speed
               | of light at all. Nothing. Zero fluctuations.
               | 
               | The MM experiment aimed to observe a predicted effect of
               | the theory of luminiferous aether, which would have
               | enabled measuring the Earth's speed relative to a
               | canonical reference frame (the aether). It was
               | sufficiently precise to observe that predicted effect but
               | did not observe it, which provided strong evidence that
               | the aether theory was wrong.
               | 
               | Finding that any variation in the propagation of light
               | was too small to be detected by their instruments (and
               | too small to be consistent with aether theory) is not the
               | same as finding that it's exactly zero.
               | 
               | > These fluctuations of speed of light were found much
               | later, by LIGO/VIRGO and NANOGrav.
               | 
               | It's not the same fluctuations though: these experiments
               | found much smaller fluctuations than MM looked for, from
               | a different effect. They're not even (understood to be)
               | fluctuations in c, but in the shape of space.
               | 
               | > The flaw of Michelson-Morley experiment is that it was
               | performed in isolated environment, but tried to measure
               | an external effect.
               | 
               | The later interferometer experiments (LIGO and VIRGO) are
               | conceptually very similar to the original MM experiment.
               | The environment is not fundamentally different, and on
               | the contrary LIGO and VIRGO are better isolated (against
               | ordinary vibrations: we don't know any way to isolate an
               | experiment from gravitational waves). They're just much
               | larger and more precise, which is why they can observe
               | the much smaller effect of gravitational waves.
               | 
               | > However, Michelson-Morley experiment is one of corner
               | stones for theory of Relativity.
               | 
               | Yes, but the effects observed by LIGO and VIRGO are
               | predicted by general relativity, which is what inspired
               | scientists to carry out those experiments. As far as I
               | know, they are consistent with GR to the extent that LIGO
               | and VIRGO have measured them.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | > The MM experiment aimed to observe a predicted effect
               | of the theory of luminiferous aether ... which provided
               | strong evidence that the aether theory was wrong.
               | 
               | MM failed to observe effects predicted by theory of
               | STATIC luminiferous aether. It looks like there is no
               | absolute aether frame (which will be strange to have in
               | the infinite Universe).
               | 
               | > They're just much larger and more precise, which is why
               | they can observe the much smaller effect of gravitational
               | waves.
               | 
               | Yep. We can discard MM experiment now, because LIGO/Virgo
               | is much better.
               | 
               | If we want to measure wind at high altitude, but we put
               | our measurement tool deep and isolated it well, with high
               | enough precision, we will be able to measure distant
               | earthquakes and nuclear explosions. No luck with wind, of
               | course.
               | 
               | To catch the wind, we need something like NANOgrav, but
               | at much smaller scale at high orbit around Earth.
               | Luckily, we have large number of GPS satellites with
               | high-precision clocks in the sky: https://link.springer.c
               | om/article/10.1007/s10291-017-0686-6 . I see strong
               | annual signal here.
               | 
               | > Yes, but the effects observed by LIGO and VIRGO are
               | predicted by general relativity
               | 
               | This doesn't make GR unique. Other theories can predict
               | this too. It's just waves in a medium. However, GR is
               | abstract theory, which lacks explanation power. Lack of
               | explanation causes lack of understanding.
        
               | sinuhe69 wrote:
               | Michelson's experiments only proved there is no "Aether",
               | a supposedly invisible medium to carriers light. It also
               | proved that the speed of light isn't affected by
               | (relative) movements. In some sense, yes one can say the
               | speed of light of is constant. But in the context of the
               | cosmos, it strictly doesn't say anything about the speed
               | of light in the past.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | However, LIGO, VIRGO, and NANOGrav experiments and
               | observations proved that speed of light in vacuum is NOT
               | constant, which makes Michelsons's experiment obsolete.
        
               | i_no_can_eat wrote:
               | The LIGO/VIRGO experiments proved no such thing. You seem
               | to have a fundamentally flawed understanding of these
               | experiments.
               | 
               | That the speed of light is constant in vacuum is one of
               | the fundamental assumptions of general relativity. The
               | results of LIGO/VIRGO are so far fully compatible with
               | GR.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | ^ This is the problem we are looking for in this
               | discussion.
        
               | i_no_can_eat wrote:
               | The problem in this discussion is that you don't have an
               | understanding of the concepts involved. You haven't
               | properly understood the LIGO experiments and you clearly
               | know nothing of general relativity. There really is no
               | point in continuing this further.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | It doesn't looks like you wanted to discuss flaws in GR
               | with a dissident, who, obviously, too stupid to
               | understand GR and SR. You told me that. You did the job.
               | Now, <<shut up and calculate>>.
        
               | i_no_can_eat wrote:
               | You started this discussion saying "LIGO, VIRGO, and
               | NANOGrav experiments and observations proved that speed
               | of light in vacuum is NOT constant". This is completely
               | absurd, as anyone who works in the field will tell you.
               | 
               | I never said you're too stupid to understand. What I
               | said, and maintain, is that you lack a basic
               | understanding of the concepts involved. If you want to
               | have a proper discussion, you need to first properly
               | study general relativity, and refrain from making
               | ridiculous assertions about things you are obviously not
               | an expert on.
        
               | oneshtein wrote:
               | (Translated by ChatGPT)
               | 
               | If we want to predict what the camera attached to a
               | rocket moving along a complex trajectory at a speed close
               | to the speed of light will see, we need a powerful theory
               | that can predict the image and characteristics of other
               | physical processes that this camera will observe. The
               | Theory of Relativity and the Special Theory of Relativity
               | can predict these characteristics. However, the Theory of
               | Relativity doesn't explain the <<why>> behind this
               | happening.
               | 
               | If we consider the theory of the ether, the speed of
               | light is the speed of wave propagation in the medium,
               | which is itself determined by the speed of an interaction
               | between particles in this medium (which is usually higher
               | than the speed of wave itself).
               | 
               | In the case of experiments like LIGO/Virgo or NANOgrav,
               | the speed of light changes because gravitational waves
               | affect the medium.
               | 
               | If we take General Relativity (GR), the speed of light is
               | the ultimate speed because Einstein stated so.
               | 
               | In the case of LIGO/Virgo experiments, the speed of light
               | remains constant because the speed of light is the
               | constant, as stated by Einstein, and space and time
               | stretch in the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th dimensions, which
               | leads to light moving slower, although the speed of light
               | itself doesn't change. :-/
        
               | i_no_can_eat wrote:
               | ^ This is just a load of rubbish. It makes absolutely no
               | sense. Thanks for proving my point.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | LIGO proved there is an aether and density ripples in it
               | change the distance that light travels -- as shown by a
               | characteristic oscillation generated by dense objects
               | colliding causing interference between the arms of LIGO.
               | 
               | The reason MM failed to show that light changes speed is
               | because we're not moving through the aether, but are
               | ourselves aether stuff -- and so our own perspective gets
               | equally warped. Since us and the light _both_ change with
               | the relative motion, we can't see the change.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Science is different from religion in that it could be wrong
           | and the basis is empirical tests.
           | 
           | Religion is never wrong, faith is believing without evidence,
           | and religion doesn't test it claims
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | AnonCoward42 wrote:
             | That is a game of motte and bailey really. The hard
             | definition of science is another than the one we've seen
             | over the years in mass media.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | The "mass media" is not one organization. I haven't seen
               | any news reports redefining what science is, feel free to
               | provide evidence of that. Finally it's not a game of
               | definitions because science has a specific meaning. You
               | can't just change that meaning (even if you add a captial
               | S) then be critical about it.
               | 
               | You're critical because some organization in the
               | government lied? Nothing to do with science
               | 
               | You're mad because some scientist committed fraud?
               | Nothing to do with science.
               | 
               | Peer reviewers aren't properly checking papers, that's
               | their fault and or their university/company. Nothing to
               | do with science.
               | 
               | The majority of scientists believed something through
               | experiments that were faulty or limited data then later
               | turned out to be wrong? That's how it works, science
               | isn't perfect but what's the alternative?
               | 
               | If you aren't an expert in a field or willing to put
               | massive amounts of time in researching something but you
               | have to make a decision doing whatever the majority of
               | people in a field say is the most logical course of
               | action
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | > You're critical because some organization in the
               | government lied?
               | 
               | I'm critical because it's systemic. And made in the name
               | of science. For all intents and purposes, _this_ is the
               | science we're subjugated to.
               | 
               | > You're mad because some scientist committed fraud?
               | 
               | Again, critical because it's systemic and people have
               | lost their jobs, entire families had to move regions
               | because the father expressed doubts about a scientist, to
               | be later revealed that doubts were correct. The amount of
               | harm done over _this_ science is unbearable to see.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | "critical because it's systemic"
               | 
               | Good, I would hope the government basis it decisions on
               | science.
               | 
               | "people have lost their jobs,"
               | 
               | I assume you mean people who didn't get vaccinated.
               | That's their decision, a decision based on
               | misinformation, emotions, or politics.
               | 
               | "because the father expressed doubts about a scientist,
               | to be later revealed that doubts were correct"
               | 
               | What what were his doubts based on? Just because he later
               | turned out to be right means nothing unless his claims
               | were based on something substantial.
               | 
               | "The amount of harm done over this science is unbearable
               | to see."
               | 
               | Covid killed 1.2 million people in the US. Your right
               | wing self inflicted suffering over vaccines means nothing
               | compared to this.
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | You see, you're doing it again.
               | 
               | Science can be perfectly faked. Mostly happens when
               | people get over the top about it.
               | 
               | Trying putting uppercase "You guys killed 1.2m people,
               | you murderers". If I find a single bike accident among
               | the number you shamed me with, then all your accusation
               | falls in shambles.
               | 
               | Stop screaming numbers at people as if they were true.
               | What you're doing is not science, it's screaming.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | "Stop screaming numbers at people as if they were true.
               | What you're doing is not science, it's screaming."
               | 
               | Even if 50% of those deaths are incorrect the number is
               | massive. I'm relaying stasticis by saying I'm screaming
               | you're trying to counter my argument with an unrelated
               | attack.
               | 
               | "Science can be perfectly faked"
               | 
               | Yes it can, is that happened here? Did doctors around the
               | county all decide to lie for the purpose of?
               | 
               | What evidence do you have it's fake?
        
               | AnonCoward42 wrote:
               | > The "mass media" is not one organization. I haven't
               | seen any news reports redefining what science is, feel
               | free to provide evidence of that.
               | 
               | You really want to tell me that you never heard something
               | along the lines of "Science says ..." or "the science"?
               | Not buying it. The usage of science in mass media is a
               | different one than the one you want to hammer home.
               | 
               | > Finally it's not a game of definitions because science
               | has a specific meaning. You can't just change that
               | meaning (even if you add a captial S) then be critical
               | about it.
               | 
               | This is mostly self-soothing I suppose. Just denying
               | reality outright.
               | 
               | > You're critical because some organization in the
               | government lied? Nothing to do with science
               | 
               | Motte and bailey. You just mean the hard definition. As
               | long as you deny that a soft definition exists, it's a
               | bit hard to argue with you.
               | 
               | > You're mad because some scientist committed fraud?
               | Nothing to do with science.
               | 
               | You should look up motte and bailey maybe. You seemingly
               | don't know it, but you're playing that fallacy. (Also:
               | stop projecting)
               | 
               | > Peer reviewers aren't properly checking papers, that's
               | their fault and or their university/company. Nothing to
               | do with science.
               | 
               | So you want to tell me that the actual scientific process
               | in action has nothing to do with science.
               | 
               | > If you aren't an expert in a field or willing to put
               | massive amounts of time in researching something but you
               | have to make a decision doing whatever the majority of
               | people in a field say is the most logical course of
               | action
               | 
               | Who makes the election of what the majority of people in
               | a field say? That's where the mass media (that is not one
               | organization) comes into play. This is basically The
               | Science(tm) meme in action.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | You're conflating two separate things - science as a
               | concept, and the scientific establishment. As a concept,
               | sceince obviously works and can't be changed. The
               | scientific establishment is a bunch of people and
               | institutions, and it's practices may or may not match
               | with the concept of science, and may change with time.
               | 
               | To imagine an extreme case, Nature could start publishing
               | theology papers instead of physics and biology - in that
               | case, an important part of the scientific establishment
               | would have stopped doing actual science. But, based on
               | reputation, many people would keep believing what Nature
               | prints and would still point to the new theology articles
               | as "scientists have discovered that [...]".
               | 
               | This is what people mean when they say science is
               | becoming a religion: not that the concept of what science
               | is changing, but that certain parts of the scientific
               | establishment are not doing science per se but that their
               | conclusions are still regarded as scientific based on
               | past reputation.
               | 
               | A specific example would be someone like Michio Kaku. He
               | is nominally a scientist, and is often interviewed as a
               | scientist and many believe he is there to present what
               | science says. But he is in fact just some public
               | speaker/sci-fi author who last practiced science decades
               | ago and now revels in speculation and exaggeration. He is
               | essentially a priest of scientism.
        
             | b800h wrote:
             | > Religion is never wrong
             | 
             | That is complete rubbish. There are plenty of examples from
             | East and West. In certain parts of China, rival monasteries
             | would have a throwdown over theology, hold a debate, and
             | the losing monastery would convert.
             | 
             | The difference is that Theology can take personal
             | experience as a logical prior, and work from there. Often
             | that is the grappling hook thrown over a chasm which allows
             | a bridge to be built to a new level of understanding. A bit
             | like the way that infinitesimals are used as a device in
             | the derivation of calculus.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | One of the great (if unfortunate) advances in human
               | society was the discovery that "personal experience" is a
               | very unreliable way to learn about the world.
        
               | b800h wrote:
               | And yet it mediates your entire existence. Without both
               | objective (or analytical) science and subjective (or
               | holistic) theology we're trying to understand the world
               | with one hand tied behind our backs.
               | 
               | Personally I think understanding the story should carry
               | equal (or greater) weight when compared to examining the
               | letters and paint used to write it.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | By saying you have one hand behind your back you're
               | implying holistic subjective theology has value. Why does
               | it have value?
               | 
               | "Personally I think understanding the story should carry
               | equal (or greater) weight when compared to examining the
               | letters and paint used to write it."
               | 
               | Why?
        
               | b800h wrote:
               | Because it has meaning to me.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | Does God exist? Maybe?
               | 
               | Theological differences are interpretations.
        
         | RandomLensman wrote:
         | The discussion is about some specific area of science
         | (epidemiology, sources of disease, ...) that inherently has
         | social and political impact/interaction. There is no decoupling
         | and decisions based on science there are political in nature,
         | potentially trading off science vs social/political objectives.
         | Typically, science cannot answer those trade offs easily (or at
         | all sometimes).
        
         | jjallen wrote:
         | Not all that greatly favor science turn science into a
         | political game. Likely the small majority actually do.
         | 
         | Anyone that treats a scientist as an authority on non-
         | scientific questions isn't practicing science nor are they
         | being smart.
        
         | deadbeeves wrote:
         | >Many otherwise intelligent people think that
         | religion/philosophy is purely subjective, merely a word game
         | 
         | Well, "subjective" is the wrong word, but I get what you mean.
         | However, aren't they just word games? It's not like theology
         | and philosophy study anything real. They just investigate what
         | can be deduced from specific axiomatic systems that are
         | entirely divorced from reality. Theologians aren't even
         | consistent, since they have dogmas that they'll contort around
         | in order to avoid contradicting, even if that involves
         | contradicting other parts of scripture.
         | 
         | I'll never forget the time I asked a philosophy undergraduate
         | why he decided to go to university for philosophy rather than
         | just reading the bibliography by himself, and he told me that
         | by doing so he could teach philosophy. An academic pyramid
         | scheme.
        
           | maksimur wrote:
           | Generally speaking university gives you the tools and guides
           | you. Most of the people aren't able to study university level
           | subjects on their own.
        
             | deadbeeves wrote:
             | That might be the case for other disciplines, but it
             | certainly isn't for philosophy. There are no special
             | techniques, you just read what other people have said on
             | the subject. What else is there?
        
               | jamilton wrote:
               | Discussions and having a peer group seems like it would
               | be helpful for learning philosophy.
        
               | deadbeeves wrote:
               | Sure, but my question was about the _purpose_ of studying
               | philosophy in university.  "It's easier than doing it by
               | yourself" is not a purpose. There's still nothing you can
               | do with what you've learned, other than become a
               | professor.
        
             | bluescrn wrote:
             | That was the idea in the past.
             | 
             | University now teaches you precisely what to think, and
             | makes clear the consequences of 'wrongthink'.
        
           | Aerbil313 wrote:
           | > It's not like theology and philosophy study anything real.
           | 
           | That is a viewpoint. This is the exact fallacy pointed out
           | upper in the thread. This is just a viewpoint of yours,
           | however commonly held it may be in the society of today.
        
             | deadbeeves wrote:
             | No, I'm not talking about something as banal as whether a
             | god exists. I'm saying theology doesn't study anything
             | real. It doesn't have the tools to determine whether a god
             | exists, because it doesn't study reality, it studies
             | scripture. That's not a point of view, that's what theology
             | is. Regardless of whether magic exists, I think we can both
             | agree we can't find out by reading Harry Potter.
             | 
             | The same for philosophy. I like to half joke that modern
             | philosophy is what's left after taking out all the useful
             | parts of ancient natural philosophy and putting them into
             | either mathematics or science.
        
               | Aerbil313 wrote:
               | Again _this is your viewpoint_.
               | 
               | Very naive of you to think that religion, scripture, or
               | existence of God are unprovable problems.
               | 
               | Many people don't agree with you on the both sides. Many
               | think there is definitively no God and many think there
               | is.
        
               | deadbeeves wrote:
               | > Again this is your viewpoint.
               | 
               |  _What_ is my viewpoint? Exactly what that I have
               | presented as if it was an objective fact is subjective?
               | Please enlighten me, because I have no idea what you 're
               | trying to say.
               | 
               | >Very naive of you to think that religion, scripture, or
               | existence of God are unprovable problems.
               | 
               | When did I say that? What I said was that society
               | provably exists, and I said that to emphasize that the
               | subject matter of law is something real, not to imply by
               | omission that the existence of god/a god/gods is
               | unprovable.
               | 
               | >Many people don't agree with you on the both sides. Many
               | think there is definitively no God and many think there
               | is.
               | 
               | Cool. I'm not talking about the existence of a god nor
               | about what people think about the topic. I'm talking
               | about theology and philosophy as fields of study.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | If you think this way you must also think lawyers don't
               | study anything real because they study laws.
        
               | deadbeeves wrote:
               | It's not really an apt analogy. Law is not a field of
               | inquiry like science, philosophy, mathematics, and
               | theology are. Lawyers do not push the boundaries of
               | understanding, they're clerks. That aside, laws are not
               | divorced from reality, they're agreements that members of
               | a society enter into regarding how the society is
               | supposed to function. To study law is to study the way
               | society works. Yes, society is an artificial construct,
               | which why law is not a field of inquiry, but it still
               | provably exists.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | > _think that religion /philosophy is purely subjective, merely
         | a word game, or not something "serious" people study._
         | 
         | When you turn the cultural relativism up to eleven.
        
         | csours wrote:
         | Some thoughts:
         | 
         | Science as it is taught, is about the conclusions that
         | scientists have come to over the centuries, it's about how they
         | made their observations and how smart they were. It is taught
         | as an orthodoxy, a settled thing that you can trust. This does
         | not reflect science as a current work product.
         | 
         | A related phenomenon is the math problem on social media - what
         | is 2 + 2 * 3 (or similar). A complete answer is "Using PEMDAS,
         | the answer is 2 + 6 = 8". But instead of giving the complete
         | answer, which includes your assumptions, people fight about the
         | answer. It's GREAT for engagement.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | It's interesting to me that religion has evolved many times in
         | many places. It must fulfil a human need. It would be a nice
         | story to tell oneself that one has no need of a childish crutch
         | from a bygone era. It's a much nicer story than realizing
         | everyone needs crutches. (Not the person reading this comment,
         | of course, you are beyond such things; Now tell me again, who
         | is the object of your righteous anger?)
        
       | epgui wrote:
       | As a scientist, this is such a dumb take. The incentive
       | structures in science encourage novelty, and there's no shortage
       | of scientists who would love to see their career take off.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, reality does not make the greatest dissident.
        
         | trhr wrote:
         | Like everyone else, scientists are so convinced of what they
         | know that they won't listen to other opinions.
         | 
         | The problem is that scientists think their knowledge is truth
         | because it comes from "the scientific method." They fail to
         | internalize that the whole point of that method is that no
         | knowledge is sacred and everything should be doubted to the
         | degree at which evidence exists to the contrary.
         | 
         | A crackpot conspiracy theory with a single anecdotal source of
         | data is sufficient to create doubt in the soundest of theories.
         | Just not much.
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | When someone who refers to their monitor as "the CPU", and
           | can't tell the difference between a programming language and
           | an operating system, starts telling you how you _should_ be
           | doing your job because you 've got it all wrong...
           | 
           | How much do you listen to their opinion?
           | 
           | (Unless of course that matches your manager to a T).
        
             | trhr wrote:
             | You smile and say, "I appreciate your input. I value it and
             | consider it a good starting point. I am not certain it
             | alone provides the level of support necessary for me to
             | consider a different path, but I would consider both
             | additional data and reducing the amount of evidence I
             | require with a good reason."
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | I appreciate your input. I value it and consider it a
               | good starting point. I am not certain it alone provides
               | the level of support necessary for me to consider a
               | different path, but I would consider both additional data
               | and reducing the amount of evidence I require with a good
               | reason.
               | 
               | Edit: oops, wait! I forgot to smile.
        
         | lincon127 wrote:
         | Do you mean ideally? Because obviously modern science and
         | academia is mostly steered by external interests and public
         | opinion. I know many scientists who entertain research projects
         | from companies only because they're fully paid for, meanwhile
         | they struggle with funding and publishing projects they want to
         | do because there's so few opportunities available for funding.
         | To then conclude that companies or government entities may want
         | to do certain research according to what best serves them is
         | not too hard of a stretch to make. It's happened numerous times
         | before, especially within climate science, medicine, and
         | tobacco.
         | 
         | I'm not saying one should distrust science, especially papers
         | published by reputable sources, done by reputable labs, or
         | otherwise have good methods and sensible conclusions. But
         | that's the problem, right? One has to contend with what's
         | "sensible". If someone published a paper tomorrow actually
         | showing a strong causal effect between consuming fluoridated
         | water and the calcification of the pineal gland, not only would
         | it be seen by no one except weird fringe communities, but the
         | scientists involved would be ridiculed. The area has been
         | politicized, and in that case it's hard to see how it couldn't
         | be, it's a ridiculous idea, but it does make a clear example of
         | this politicization if you understand the context. Something
         | similar happened with the origins of SARS-CoV-2, where the
         | assumption is (from my personal experience) that only certain
         | political machinations could convince someone to come to
         | conclusions that SARS-CoV-2 origin could be a lab leak. Now
         | maybe this isn't the case anymore. I haven't thought about this
         | in like... a year, nor looked at public discourse for about
         | that long either. But regardless I feel like public opinion is
         | still largely the same, and judging by the article, the
         | politicization of the topic is still in full swing. Thus, we're
         | not only dealing with reality, but a manufactured reality as
         | well.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I've followed the covid lab leak origins saga a bit and the
         | incentive structures definitely do not encourage most
         | scientists to speak out there. They'd probably be shunned and
         | lose funding. One of the only scientist who is outspoken is
         | Richard Ebright and he can get away with it because he has
         | tenure and is high up in his hierarchy but most would have
         | problems.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | The incentive structures in science encourage publishing, not
         | novelty, and the ones who are best at bringing fame to their
         | institution (and thus grant money) are not the scientists early
         | in their career.
        
         | PheonixPharts wrote:
         | > The incentive structures in science encourage novelty
         | 
         | Former academic here. This may be superficially true, but it's
         | always been "novelty within the established orthodoxy". Kuhn
         | documents this quite well, but it's become even _more_ true
         | since the funding motivated push for peer review that started
         | in the 1970s.
         | 
         | Academic publishing today strongly demands conformity for
         | survival. Geoffrey Hinton has a great quote, that I can't seem
         | to dig up, about having any truly ground breaking work
         | dismissed by juniors who have no idea what you're talking about
         | being a major problem in moving science forward.
         | 
         | The bigger issue is that we have very little space for actual
         | dissidenters. For example there is _lots_ to legitimately
         | question about mainstream medicine, but it 's hard to walk too
         | far down that path without immediately getting thrown in with
         | "vaccines cause autism!!!".
        
         | toomim wrote:
         | You're completely ignoring Thomas Kuhn's points.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Re...
         | 
         | Science today rewards novelty within the mainstream paradigm,
         | but does not reward _dissent_.
         | 
         | Novelty != dissent!
        
           | bonoboTP wrote:
           | Yes, incremental novelty of the sort where you go somewhat
           | further down an apriori promising path and show some somewhat
           | stronger results than the previous paper.
           | 
           | But I don't think any community ever has truly _rewarded_
           | dissent. It 's just that sometimes a truly valuable idea will
           | push through _in spite of_ the resistance to it. Case in
           | point - around 2014 I knew CS /AI/ML profs who were very
           | dismissive regarding deep learning and thought it to be a
           | dead end and basically missed the boat and took them very
           | long to get up to speed again. A few years before that, and
           | it was difficult to get papers published that used neural
           | nets. Everyone knew that the modern way was the theoretically
           | well-founded kernel methods and similar techniques.
           | 
           | ----
           | 
           | There's no overarching one thing called science. There have
           | been over the last 150 years a few towering results that
           | propelled our understanding of the universe and our
           | technological capabilities forward immensely, on whose wind
           | we are coasting today -- but many of them came before the
           | current professionalized, job-ified massive system we know as
           | "academia" today. Without peer review, in informal letters
           | between gentlemen scientists persistently pursuing topics for
           | their leisure, often with extreme concepts of "work-life-
           | balance". We have no idea what exactly brought about those
           | successes, and so we are building a cargo cult, somehow
           | imitating it, LARPing it. Thousands of papers, salami-slice
           | publishing, citation metric-chasing, quantification and
           | metrification, incentives to hop from place to place, endless
           | grant writing and documentation/administration. This is a
           | very specific system that was mostly created and solidified
           | over the last 50 years. It should not be equated with science
           | itself, which was already a very productive endeavor hundreds
           | of years ago, while being intimately intertwined with
           | mysicism, alchemy, esoteria and theology. This particular
           | utilitarian paper factory of today isn't equal to "science",
           | even if it has taken over the buildings.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Yes, science's incentives encourage novelty. That's actually
         | part of the problem. It's how we got climate change denialism
         | funded by Exxon, decades of bunk nutritional advice funded by
         | competing food companies, Koreans faking human cloning, and
         | Andrew Wakefield falsifying evidence of vaccines causing autism
         | by giving small children colonoscopies.
         | 
         | The problem is that science is actually not that great at
         | sorting out the wheat from the chaff. Better than chance, and
         | better than science denialism, but not anywhere close to
         | perfect. Many of the participants in the scientific process are
         | malicious and they have sybils to obscure their identity and
         | ballot-stuff meta-analyses. And scientists are not always
         | willing to call out malicious evidence right away, because this
         | is a community that runs on trust and understanding. So if
         | anything, we have too many fake dissidents perfectly willing to
         | make the entire scientific community chase their own tails.
         | 
         | Furthermore, the entire scientific establishment has an
         | incentive to refute COVID-19 explanations that imply their
         | research is socially harmful[0]. If COVID-19 is a lab leak then
         | the explanation is simple and the preventative fix is a
         | permanent ban on certain kinds of virology research. Nobody in
         | the scientific community wants a repeat of George Bush's stem
         | cell research ban.
         | 
         | But, if COVID-19 came from wet markets, then there's loads of
         | research you can do there. You can sample viruses from sick
         | animals to find precursor mutations for the original COVID-19
         | strain. You can hypothesize about mutation rates and
         | evolutionary pressures.
         | 
         | Wet markets are novel. Lab leaks are boring - and a threat. And
         | as always, more research is needed.
         | 
         | [0] I don't quite buy the idea that some have that China is
         | deliberately trying to cover up the lab leak hypothesis because
         | it makes China look bad. China looks bad regardless of where
         | the virus came from. If it came from the wet markets, then
         | China needs to shut them down. If it came from the WIV, then
         | China needs to ban gain-of-function research. Either way it's
         | China's fault.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | This is a very simplistic statement that doesn't acknowledge
         | the realities of how research funds are distributed in both
         | government-funded and privately-funded research programs, or
         | the other kinds of pressures that can be brought to bear by
         | interested parties with deep pockets and political influence.
         | 
         | For example, research into novel uses of out-of-patent drugs is
         | not incentivized in American academics because universities are
         | eager to license new, patentable drugs to pharmaceutical
         | corporations and thus earn a percentage of the profits from
         | their sale, and this is reflected in NIH grant disbursements.
         | 
         | Similarly, DOE funds for renewable energy research have been
         | miniscule for decades, resulting in few American universities
         | having anything like a robust well-funded renewable energy R &
         | D program - and that is due to pressures applied by politicians
         | in the pay of the fossil fuel lobby. Scientists have to follow
         | the funding, and only if such funding is available is novelty -
         | in that specific area - rewarded by the incentive structure.
         | 
         | Additionally, as the article notes (emphasis added): > "
         | _Sometimes_ , a scientific consensus is established because
         | vested interests have diligently and purposefully transformed a
         | situation of profound uncertainty into one in which there
         | appears to be overwhelming evidence for what becomes the
         | consensus view."
         | 
         | The most notable 20th century example is probably the plant
         | breeding program controlled by Soviet agronomist Trofim
         | Lysenko, and while it may be normal to suppose 'that could
         | never happen in the open American academic system', there have
         | been some examples of this kind of thing, although people will
         | also make false accusations of this happening as part of their
         | effort to discredit reliable science.
         | 
         | For example, the basic science of CO2 and climate was
         | established by 1980, and since then it's just been a question
         | of fine-tuning estimates of the magnitude of the CO2 effect,
         | but there was a multi-million dollar effort funded by fossil
         | fuel interests for decades to overturn that concensus. In
         | contrast, while there was an effort in the 1980s to claim that
         | HIV (the virus) was not the cause of AIDS (the disease), that
         | never got much traction against the broad consensus that the
         | cause had been discovered.
         | 
         | The Covid origin case is a bit murkier; at first it was natural
         | to assume that the virus had a zoonotic origin, based on
         | previous events, but it does look like leading academics in the
         | US in the virology field came to a deliberately false and
         | misleading consensus on the zoonotic origin story early on for
         | what are pretty clearly political reasons - even though they
         | knew there was at least as much evidence in favor of the
         | engineered lab origin theory. Now, if things were as bad in
         | American academics as they were in Soviet Russia, proponents of
         | the lab leak origin would all be sitting in a Siberian gulag,
         | so I guess it's not as bad as all that.
         | 
         | Science does remain the only real tool we have to coming to a
         | factual understanding of our physical world, but it's also
         | subject to manipulation by government and private entities.
         | Informed skepticism is required when it comes to interpreting
         | and understanding scientific claims - faith and trust are not
         | that advisable.
        
         | peterfirefly wrote:
         | Please explain the historic research priorities in Alzheimer's
         | research and how they square with "encouraging novelty".
         | 
         | For extra credit, provide a brief synopsis of the history of
         | stomach ulcer research and treatment.
        
         | eirikbakke wrote:
         | Exactly. In the words of Mike Stonebraker, "stake out a
         | controversial claim and prove it true" is pretty standard
         | career advice for junior faculty who are trying to get tenure.
         | (At least in Computer Science.)
        
           | izzydata wrote:
           | Isn't the whole idea of the scientific method is that you
           | don't prove things true? You just test things enough until
           | you are not able to prove it false?
        
             | fwungy wrote:
             | The incentives of science are often orthogonal to making a
             | career in science.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | The specific example (computer science) coincidentally
             | _does_ allow for proofs, because it is mostly math, but I
             | think they actually are just using the word prove
             | informally here.
        
           | chmod600 wrote:
           | There's some nuance here. Research dollars get allocated in
           | interesting ways that often reinforce the most mainstream
           | approaches.
           | 
           | And once some start down an approach (and become invested in
           | it) there can be various kinds of resistance to going a
           | different path.
           | 
           | In fields that have social or political implications there
           | are also strong forces pushing, as well.
           | 
           | I'm not saying these effects are always overriding the desire
           | for novelty in all cases, but it certainly happens.
        
           | leereeves wrote:
           | > At least in Computer Science
           | 
           | Computer Science rarely intersects with politics.
           | 
           | If a scientist's novel claim (however well proven) offends a
           | powerful group, their career is over.
        
             | dmbche wrote:
             | Not if it's got strong evidence - there is still no
             | strongevidence for the lab leak so it's a moot point.
             | 
             | Do you have something with strong evidence that ruined
             | someones career in the last 50 years?
        
               | leereeves wrote:
               | Larry Summers was forced out of Harvard in part for
               | mentioning the greater male variability hypothesis. James
               | Damore was forced out of Google for similar reasons.
               | 
               | This despite fairly strong evidence for that hypothesis:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variability_hypothesis#Mode
               | rn_...
               | 
               | Both made the mistake of citing research that contradicts
               | diversity initiatives.
        
               | dmbche wrote:
               | "Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as
               | the 27th president of Harvard University from 2001 to
               | 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake
               | of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which
               | resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with
               | Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions
               | regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a
               | 2005 speech in which he offered three reasons for the
               | under-representation of women in science and engineering,
               | including the possibility that there exists a "different
               | availability of aptitude at the high end", in addition to
               | patterns of discrimination and socialization.[8]"
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Summers
               | 
               | I think we're quite far from "strong evidence" anyway if
               | you want to argue that there's "less aptitude at the high
               | end" of either gender.
               | 
               | I'm more thinking of something falsifiable maybe? You
               | know, strong evidence?
               | 
               | Ps: He's still employed by Harvard, I'm not seeing a
               | ruined career here.
               | 
               | Edit: "The company fired Damore for violation of the
               | company's code of conduct.[2] Damore filed a complaint
               | with the National Labor Relations Board, but later
               | withdrew this complaint. A lawyer with the NLRB wrote
               | that his firing was proper.[3][4][5][6] After withdrawing
               | this complaint, Damore filed a class action lawsuit,
               | retaining the services of attorney Harmeet Dhillon,[7][8]
               | alleging that Google was discriminating against
               | conservatives, whites, Asians, and men.[9][10] Damore
               | withdrew his claims in the lawsuit to pursue arbitration
               | against Google.[11]"
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%27s_Ideological_Ec
               | ho_...
               | 
               | This guy is not a scientist and was fired by a private
               | company for his conduct - has nothing to do with the
               | subject.
        
             | toomim wrote:
             | Good point. Although this is changing now with AI and
             | whatnot.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | > The incentive structures in science encourage novelty
         | 
         | I would modify this statement somewhat.
         | 
         | The incentive structure in science today encourages following
         | the money. Very little research these days is done just for the
         | sake of research or discovery. Science is expensive, and
         | scientists who want to have a job, like it or not, have to fish
         | to where the fish are swimming (where the money is being
         | spent), which typically means delivering the narrative sought
         | by those who control the money.
         | 
         | The most salient examples of this today are saving the planet
         | and electric everything (cars, trucks, planes, water heaters,
         | stoves, etc.) --which are usually connected. The first of which
         | is ridiculous beyond description and the latter is so
         | unimaginably far from being attainable it might as well be
         | labelled a fantasy. Yet, these narratives are pushed because
         | they have political power through emotion that results in votes
         | (you can divide people) and the only money being spent in
         | research is in support of these narratives --not research,
         | confirmation propaganda.
        
           | beowa wrote:
           | > The first of which is ridiculous beyond description
           | 
           | What about working to save the planet from the very much
           | real, devastating effects of climate change do you find
           | "ridiculous beyond description"?
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | > What about working to save the planet from the very much
             | real, devastating effects of climate change do you find
             | "ridiculous beyond description"?
             | 
             | A few things.
             | 
             | First, the planet will be just fine. It has endured much
             | worse than any of the imaginary scenarios being tossed
             | about these days.
             | 
             | Second. It is nothing less than hubris to think we can
             | actually control something at a planetary scale. We are far
             | more likely to kill everything in sight than to save the
             | planet. The whole thing is laughable.
             | 
             | And, BTW, this isn't my opinion, this is a scientific fact
             | that a 15 year old with basic math skills can confirm
             | inside five minutes. Since there's no financial or
             | political power in saying "we are sorry, this is all
             | nonsense" the money keeps flowing in that direction.
             | 
             | Find just a single non-trivial funded program trying to
             | refute the current narratives. You can't. Nobody wants to
             | fund that research. No scientist wants to talk about it
             | that angle because, in todays context, it would end their
             | career instantly. People are making way too much money in
             | an "Emperor has no clothes" utopia relentlessly promoted by
             | industry, government and the media.
             | 
             | Here's a reality check:
             | 
             | Anyone who thinks we can control matters of planetary
             | scale, kindly show how we immediately controlled and
             | stopped the effects of the massive fires in Canada, the
             | fires in Maui, etc.
             | 
             | I mean, seriously, can we have some intellectual honesty
             | around this topic?
             | 
             | Just looking at the Canadian fires [0]. Just this year,
             | over 132,000 square kilometers burned. These fires have
             | already released the equivalent of a full year or Indonesia
             | [1] burning fossil fuels (a country with nearly 300 million
             | people).
             | 
             | And how about these fires [2][3][4]?
             | 
             | Let's show how we can control these events and then, maybe
             | then, we can speak of regional control. Global control is a
             | fantasy.
             | 
             | I mean, they are doing things like throwing billions of
             | dollars at giant air sucking filtering machines. We have
             | gone completely insane.
             | 
             | More?
             | 
             | OK.
             | 
             | Look out this chart:
             | 
             | https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/styles/original/
             | p...
             | 
             | Now, let's magically erase China and USA from the planet.
             | We have Star Trek beam everything on these lands into
             | space, never to be seen on earth again. That removes 44% of
             | CO2 emissions. That isn't even close to being enough. That
             | isn't enough to STOP CO2 accumulation, much less REVERSE
             | it.
             | 
             | If CO2 emissions went to absolute ZERO tomorrow, it would
             | take somewhere between 50K and 100K years for atmospheric
             | CO2 accumulation to come down by 100 ppm (this is a
             | scientifically known fact). That's how ridiculous the "save
             | the planet" narrative has become. It is so far away from
             | attainable reality that anyone pushing it should be laughed
             | off the stage.
             | 
             | I mean, removing all of humanity from the planet means 100K
             | years for a 100ppm drop. And we are talking about fixing it
             | in 50, 100 or 200 years...with electric cars and water
             | heaters? Have we gone mad?
             | 
             | [0] https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/here-s-a-look-at-what-s-
             | happen...
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/co2-emissions-
             | by...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.wired.com/2015/03/johnny-haglund-the-earth-
             | is-on...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.history.com/news/mine-fire-burning-
             | more-50-years...
             | 
             | [4] https://www.atlasobscura.com/lists/places-that-are-
             | always-on...
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | > _trying to refute the current narratives_
               | 
               | That is not how it works. You don't _try_ to do one thing
               | or the other unless you 're crooked. You are supposed to
               | try to research it.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | Doing science today means expanding on the known body of
           | published work, and progress involves either (a) doing novel
           | work or (b) overturning established work - which is why
           | scientific debates are often contentious. For example, there
           | was one a theory that tidal cycles controlled the climate but
           | technical discoveries in the 1950s and 1960s pointed towards
           | infrared-absorbing gases (mainly CO2) being the main factor,
           | and plate tectonics came along and overturned the orogenic
           | consensus.
           | 
           | It is true that some fields of science have large budgetary
           | demands, like high-energy particle physics, relative to
           | things like cold condensed matter physics, but climate
           | science is hardly a budget-breaker, and much of the data is
           | just archived weather data.
           | 
           | It's been an issue in some fields though - renewable energy
           | development in the USA is lagging far behind China because
           | China invested a lot of money in R & D in the sector,
           | resulting in engineering victories like mastering
           | monocrystalline silicon ingot production at scale.
           | 
           | Also, there are dozens of practical studies pointing to the
           | ability to eliminate fossil fuels from the energy mix while
           | maintaining and expanding overall energy production on a
           | global basis.
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | > It's been an issue in some fields though - renewable
             | energy development in the USA is lagging far behind China
             | because China invested a lot of money in R & D in the
             | sector, resulting in engineering victories like mastering
             | monocrystalline silicon ingot production at scale.
             | 
             | The US is so busy with two political parties trying to
             | destroy each other that we can't even build a train. And we
             | are going to save the planet? Have we gone insane?
             | 
             | > Also, there are dozens of practical studies pointing to
             | the ability to eliminate fossil fuels from the energy mix
             | while maintaining and expanding overall energy production
             | on a global basis.
             | 
             | Reducing and, on a very long time scale, eliminating fossil
             | fuel usage is a worthy objective. Nothing wrong with that.
             | However, pretending that this is going to save the planet
             | is just fantasy. It isn't. Not even close. We can't control
             | things at a planetary scale (other than make things worse).
             | 
             | Destroying an economy in support of something that is, at
             | best, laughable, isn't good for anyone other than those
             | using it to make money and gain power.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | I don't think we could build a train regardless. And the
               | CA HSR program was idiotic from the start, based on
               | basically fraudulent premises of potential ridership.
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | Some notable scientists like Freeman Dyson stand in contrast to
         | your statement. He wrote an entire book around the concept --
         | which is by the way an excellent read.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist_as_Rebel
        
         | dundarious wrote:
         | It seems quite obvious that this novelty maximizing can be
         | _strongly_ curtailed by political and profit-seeking power,
         | through various incentives and punishments that are then deeply
         | internalized by scientists. Look at how fossil fuel industry
         | scientists long knew about climate change and lead poisoning,
         | or pick a range of examples from pharmaceutical or nutrition
         | sciences. This is by no means unique to science (the influence
         | is arguably much stronger in other domains like journalism) but
         | there is no sense in arguing science operates on an orthogonal
         | plane to power.
         | 
         | My critique of the piece is that half its length is devoted to
         | dissent that turned out to be significantly incorrect or
         | explicitly political or of very weak rigor, that seemingly had
         | no censorship. The other half details some meaningful and
         | concerning censorship and conspiracy to preemptively absolve
         | players like Daszak, etc., and I think that's where the focus
         | should lie, as we have not learned the appropriate lessons.
        
       | poorbutdebtfree wrote:
       | There was plenty of dissent but it was censored on pretty much
       | every platform.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | How is it then that a majority of Americans believe the lab
         | leak theory?
        
           | metalspot wrote:
           | a majority of americans believe the opposite of whatever the
           | "experts" tell them. they are not always right but it is a
           | good heuristic.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | This is beyond foolish, and untrue, and if it were true, it
             | is a relatively new phenomenon.
             | 
             | People do not believe the opposite of what experts tell
             | them unless encouraged to do so, and given a set of
             | plausible reasons.
             | 
             | While sometimes this has merit (because experts are not
             | always right), it is almost always done by people who
             | having something to gain from a public discordance with
             | expert opinion.
             | 
             | In addition, "experts" have been made much less visible in
             | our society than they once were, largely due to the
             | democritization of communication technology but also the
             | concomittant rise of self-promoters. A lot of the reactions
             | to "experts" are actually just reactions to noise.
             | 
             | Finally, the single most important issue with public/expert
             | interactions IMO is the media-driven lack of tolerance for
             | nuance on the part of the public. People are much less
             | willing to accept actual expert answers, which tend to be
             | of the form "well, it could be X, but it could also be Y,
             | we probably won't know until we do Z". Consequently, a
             | secondary stream of not-actual experts emerges, who provide
             | the handholding answers like "It's X", and this is then
             | used to disparage actual expert opinion when it turns out
             | to be Y.
             | 
             | There are fields where "expertise" is hard to establish and
             | of limited utility, and the expression of opinion there is
             | primarily a statement of ideology and desire. I think that
             | severe skepticism is warranted there, even more than the
             | general skepticism one should apply. But FFS, it is what
             | "experts" know and do that has bought us so much power,
             | agency and comfort in the world, and the idea that
             | believing the opposite of them is a good heuristic is just
             | nuts.
        
         | houseatrielah wrote:
         | Censored and then "rationalized"
         | 
         | Gustave Le Bon was a French scientist who wrote extensively on
         | crowd psychology. He left behind a number of important works,
         | being the first writer to thoroughly investigate the psychology
         | of socialism. For a long time, noted Le Bon, psychologists
         | regarded belief as voluntary and rational...." But a shocking
         | discovery was made. Psychologists discovered that mass belief
         | is an unconscious process, "under the influence of mystical and
         | affective elements independent of reason and will...." We do
         | not fully understand why people believe irrational things,
         | noted Le Bon, but they do."[36]
         | 
         | According to Le Bon, the decisive role of the unconscious means
         | that the decisive factors in belief are: "prestige,
         | affirmation, repetition, suggestion and contagion." These
         | factors sway the mind independent of reason. "The power of
         | these influences on the genesis of beliefs" is "proved by their
         | effects on the actions of even the most cultivated men," noted
         | Le Bon. Man is not so much the "rational animal" as he is a
         | "rationalizing animal" whose irrationality is supported by
         | seemingly logical arguments. Le Bon wrote, "We have arrived
         | thus at this important philosophical law: Far from presenting a
         | common intellectual origin, our concepts have very different
         | mental sources and are ruled by very different forms of logic.
         | From the predominance of each ... are born the great happenings
         | of history."[37]
         | 
         | https://jrnyquist.blog/2023/07/23/about-the-s-word-a-polemic...
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | Yeah we need open venues for discussion more than ever would be
         | a better take. Concentration of power in media and online means
         | only allowed views get through. Dissent is irrelevant because
         | it has almost nowhere to go, and gets branded as "denialist" or
         | whatever by the mob anyway.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | > Concentration of power in media and online means only
           | allowed views get through
           | 
           | Never in history has it been easier for someone to create
           | their own media publication, present alternative views and
           | make it available to anyone in the world. But rather than do
           | that what those people prefer to do is rant, rave and demand
           | that other publications carry those views.
           | 
           | Concentration of power in media and online is because the
           | majority of people simply don't want to listen to the type of
           | views that are typically censored. And since the media is a
           | business the owners understandably listen to those people.
           | 
           | You can demand the right to free speech. You can't demand
           | everyone has to listen.
        
             | tenpies wrote:
             | > You can demand the right to free speech. You can't demand
             | everyone has to listen.
             | 
             | I don't mean you in the specific, but I am deeply alarmed
             | by what seems like a coordinated regime effort to re-define
             | free speech into what you describe above. Perhaps the WEF-
             | affiliated Twitter CEO put it best on CNBC the other day:
             | "freedom of speech, not freedom of reach".
             | 
             | So in effect, for the regime censors, freedom of speech now
             | means freedom of expression + censorship. That is, as long
             | as the censors allow you to put the words on paper, you
             | have "freedom of speech" in their eyes, even if that paper
             | is immediately thrown into a lead bottle and into the
             | Mariana Trench. As long as your Tweet is not outright and
             | immediately deleted, you have "free speech", even if the
             | algorithmic censors immediately ensure that no one but you
             | will ever see it.
             | 
             | This will not end well.
        
               | mjparrott wrote:
               | They're missing the whole point of free speech. The
               | purpose of it is to protect the type of speech people
               | despise and don't want to hear. This is important because
               | the most evil form of censorship comes from examples like
               | those quoted in the article above. The "limit reach"
               | people effectively are explicitly targeting the very
               | types of ideas that free speech was designed to protect.
               | You can't have your cake and eat it too. This is basic
               | free speech 101 that is, or at least used to be, taught
               | in high school.
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | You make an interesting point but I think there are two
               | separate issues.
               | 
               | Freedom of speech does not mean a requirement for people
               | to listen or to have your ideas broadcast.
               | 
               | In general nobody should be compelled to promote your
               | ideas. With Twitter and others, the issue is that they
               | are monopoly platforms, and so by refusing to carry some
               | ideas they are effectively censoring them and denying
               | free speech. It would be like saying you can say whatever
               | you want in a public square but some people need to wear
               | soundproof masks when they do it.
               | 
               | All that to say, the issue imo is we need better laws
               | around monopolies that include common carrier type rules
               | that prevent their interference, not because companies
               | shouldn't be allowed to censor, but because monopoly
               | platforms shouldn't.
        
               | Nathanba wrote:
               | I think that's not true actually, freedom of speech
               | absolutely implies a requirement for broadcast. Speech is
               | in itself a broadcast, the intent is that you're supposed
               | to be able to be heard - otherwise it would be called
               | freedom of thought and everyone would naturally agree
               | that that is not good enough.
               | 
               | We can quickly end up in a world where your ruler tells
               | you that you have full freedom of speech just as long as
               | this speech remains firmly inside your cranium and never
               | leaves it.
               | 
               | The problem here is that the philosophical position is a
               | bit more complex: Issues of decorum and harassment and
               | spam exist, requiring limits on broadcast and so someone
               | always has to judge what the true intent of your speech
               | is. We now live in a world where people readily judge
               | that the other side never has good intentions, therefore
               | their speech can be forbidden. It's an intellecutal and
               | moral problem, some people are simply incapable or
               | unwilling to understand the other side's position or
               | moral values to such a high degree that they reject any
               | allowance for speech.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | The core of the problem is that many many people no
               | longer believe in a _culture_ of free speech. They think
               | that, as long as it 's not the government doing it (and
               | even sometimes when the government is standing right over
               | there, waggling its eyebrows and flexing its muscles), it
               | is both acceptable, and in many places _good_ for people
               | to be punished for nothing but speech.
               | 
               | The first amendment _is_ absolutely just a governmental
               | restriction, but the concept of free speech itself
               | absolutely must be more broadly protected. The new social
               | media era of algorithmic content makes these waters
               | murky. Because these platforms aren 't just _hosting_
               | content, they are picking and choosing who it gets shown
               | to. It 's a complex situation that isn't as black and
               | white as some free speech advocates would like to admit,
               | but before we can address any of those complex factors, I
               | think it's vital to argue vehemently that free speech is
               | a more broadly important value than just the first
               | amendment.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | > it is both acceptable, and in many places good for
               | people to be punished for nothing but speech
               | 
               | I think part of the issue is that the internet is
               | practically only speech. Spam is just a lot of speech.
               | Doxxing is just speech of a specific privacy. Advocating
               | violence is just a form of vigorous . Rape threats and
               | revenge porn... It's all basically just speech.
               | 
               | It's difficult to say we should have a free speech
               | culture when we also have spam filters.
        
               | GauntletWizard wrote:
               | You should have a spam filter. I should have a spam
               | filter. We, the collective we, should not. A ton of
               | things should be done to prevent spam - a vast majority
               | of spam is also fraud, and should be tackled that way
               | much quicker than it is. The delegation to the government
               | (or large enterprises) to "fix the spam problem" has
               | resulted in our current state of innundation.
        
               | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
               | Well now we're back at that the right to speech isn't the
               | same as the right to listen.,, which is what the original
               | poster was protesting
        
             | curtisblaine wrote:
             | > You can demand the right to free speech. You can't demand
             | everyone has to listen.
             | 
             | You can't demand that everyone has to listen, but you can
             | absolutely demand a neutral channel where people who want
             | to listen can go to listen to you. People that don't want
             | to listen to you can use that channel too, without opting
             | in to follow you. Nobody is forced to listen, nobody is
             | forced to be silent.
             | 
             | What you really want, instead, is that nobody should be
             | able to listen to the speech you don't like because you're
             | afraid that other people might decide they like it.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | This has nicely summarized my biggest complaint with how
               | a lot of the fediverse seems to be intended to work.
               | 
               | Mastodon etc seem to mostly be designed with the
               | intention of having a lot of large nodes that can
               | federate. This results in the same issues as mainstream
               | social media on those nodes. This also reflects in the
               | lack of meaningful discovery tools.
               | 
               | Of course this is resolved by setting up ones own server,
               | and there is at least a corner of the fediverse of truly
               | free speech nodes. But this just makes me feel that the
               | design should have always been towards a large network of
               | small nodes, with associated discovery tools.
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | > Nobody is forced to listen
               | 
               | This is an overly reductive take on how social media
               | would work with no moderation (no censorship).
               | Recommendations that show up on my Home timeline aren't
               | all voluntary, I'm often reading things that I would
               | prefer not to read. I don't have complete power to curate
               | my feed. What a lot of people want is not more censorship
               | per se, it's for this recommendation system to be changed
               | in order to deemphasize polarizing and toxic content and
               | promote less polarizing content. Basically, many of us
               | want to alter the social dynamics (which were arbitrarily
               | chosen in the first place) in a healthy direction, rather
               | than ratchet up the censorship.
               | 
               | > but you can absolutely demand a neutral channel where
               | people who want to listen can go to listen to you
               | 
               | Rumble exists, so even if they were censored on Youtube,
               | they still have a "neutral channel where people who want
               | to listen can go to listen".
               | 
               | > What you really want, instead, is that nobody should be
               | able to listen to the speech you don't like because
               | you're afraid that other people might decide they like
               | it.
               | 
               | Pretty much yes, but this is a euphemistic/strawman take
               | on the fears of those you're arguing against. I am indeed
               | "afraid" that people will "decide they like" extremist
               | content, thereby becoming radicalized and committing a
               | terrorist attack or voting in someone far worse than
               | Trump. It's not them _liking_ the content that I 'm
               | afraid of. It's the secondary consequences of that
               | _liking_. I want to stop those consequences from
               | happening. Ultimately, the objective is to protect our
               | freedoms, even if it means sacrificing a little freedom
               | (of speech) in the here and now.
        
               | curtisblaine wrote:
               | > Recommendations that show up on my Home timeline aren't
               | all voluntary
               | 
               | This is an orthogonal problem; I absolutely agree that
               | recommendations are bad. Incidentally, many people "on
               | the other side" (the ones you want to silence) agree with
               | this, as they're constantly shown content they wouldn't
               | otherwise consume, which in their case is mainstream and
               | all-pervasive. This is exacerbated by the fact that, if
               | they try to set up their social media, they get
               | deplatformed by cloud providers, payment processors, etc.
               | 
               | > I want to stop those consequences from happening.
               | 
               | We have a law system to stop these consequences from
               | happening. The moment an extremist _acts_ with violence,
               | they are stopped with violence by law.
               | 
               | > Ultimately, the objective is to protect our freedoms,
               | even if it means sacrificing a little freedom (of speech)
               | in the here and now.
               | 
               | And _you_ get to decide which speech is dangerous and
               | which speech is not, which ideas are dangerous and which
               | ideas are not, from the height of your moral superiority,
               | I guess.
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | > from the height of your moral superiority, I guess.
               | 
               | It is not about moral superiority, it is about wanting to
               | prevent a bad outcome that will negatively impact me and
               | my family. That's it, self-preservation. It's a realist
               | and ideology-free perspective on the actions that I need
               | to take to stop certain bad outcomes from happening. I've
               | read enough history to know what happens when hate speech
               | is allowed to fester and spread. The marketplace of ideas
               | is an empirically bankrupt concept. Bad ideas are
               | contagious and will spread and infect a population if
               | they're allowed to. The downstream consequences of that
               | are dystopian and we've seen enough speech-caused
               | genocides to know this. Really, you are the one on your
               | moral high horse. You feel moral outrage at someone
               | wanting to moderate speech because it violates a sacred
               | and untouchable value that is part of your moral system.
               | Even though, ironically, you probably support libel laws
               | and other current restrictions in America's current
               | sociolegal conception of free speech. As long as the
               | speech that's banned isn't hate speech, I suppose that's
               | all fine and dandy.
               | 
               | I am not arguing from an ideology here, unlike you. This
               | is a purely realist perspective. Free speech is a good
               | value to have -- one of the best -- all the way up until
               | it isn't. Just like any other freedom we have.
               | 
               | > And you get to decide which speech is dangerous
               | 
               | There are no easy solutions. The alternative is that the
               | government decides, and that carries its own obvious
               | risks. Although, maybe that would be better since it can
               | be democratic. What I do believe is that the risks of
               | _your_ proposal (unfettered hate speech and the
               | consequences of that) are _higher_ than the risks of my
               | proposal.
               | 
               | > We have a law system to stop these consequences from
               | happening. The moment an extremist acts with violence,
               | they are stopped with violence by law.
               | 
               | You live in a world where causality is simple. Person
               | picks up gun and pulls trigger; person to blame. Reality
               | doesn't work that way. That person was motivated by
               | something. An ideology, perhaps. That ideology came from
               | somewhere. Dylan Roof doesn't exist in a vacuum. Dylan
               | Roof logs online and consumes speech. That speech
               | motivates him to kill people. No doubt he also has mental
               | issues, but it's the interaction of the speech and those
               | issues that causes the outcome. That speech was as much
               | to blame for the deaths as Dylan Roof was. It is all a
               | part of a long chain of causality, and just placing the
               | moral and legal blame at the very end of that chain will
               | do nothing to fix the problem or prevent the next
               | genocide from happening.
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | > What you really want, instead, is that nobody should be
               | able to listen to the speech you don't like because
               | you're afraid that other people might decide they like
               | it.
               | 
               | Well said.
        
               | jpmoral wrote:
               | In many cases, it's not because you're (the general
               | "you") being "suppressed". It's just that you're
               | tiresome.
               | 
               | A few weeks ago someone was ranting about something (some
               | movie he claimed was being given the woke treatment). I
               | told him that he shouldn't get so worked up about it. In
               | hindsight, his response should've been predictable. "Oh,
               | so I'm not allowed to have an opinion?". I told him it
               | was fine to have an opinion and share it, but that I
               | thought he should just skip watching the movie and not
               | get worked up about creative choices he disagreed with. I
               | wasn't trying to "suppress wrongthink", I just found it
               | very tiresome.
               | 
               | Edit: granted that wasn't about science, but I find the
               | dynamic is often similar.
        
               | curtisblaine wrote:
               | Yeah, this happens on both sides. You just need to
               | mention you disagree with creative use of pronouns, or
               | with certain categories of sexuality, or with the
               | unhealthiness of clinical obesity, or the understanding
               | of privilege, and you're met with accusations of
               | genocide.
        
               | gochi wrote:
               | Neutral channels don't exist, never have never will. So
               | the demand doesn't make any sense. By operating, the
               | channel must make self-preservation decisions, these
               | decisions cannot be neutral.
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | Do you think telephones and email should be censored?
        
               | Etrnl_President wrote:
               | They shouldn't be; Everyone should have an equal chance
               | to expose themselves as idiots. Censorship denies this.
        
               | gochi wrote:
               | Both already are.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | Yes they do, in the law:
               | 
               | https://www.mtsu.edu/first-
               | amendment/article/1003/neutrality...
        
             | HardlyCurious wrote:
             | Did you hear about Parler? AWS cancelled their service for
             | violating their terms of service. This was allegedly
             | because Jan 6th was planned on the platform, but it turns
             | out Jan 6th was mostly planned on Facebook.
             | 
             | Also apple pulled their app from the marketplace when they
             | were trending.
             | 
             | 'build your own platform' is a lie. You cant do that
             | without relying on other services today.
        
               | gochi wrote:
               | >'build your own platform' is a lie. You cant do that
               | without relying on other services today.
               | 
               | You can do it today very effectively. Many platforms
               | exist today that don't rely on any of the major
               | conglomerates. It's really not difficult, you just don't
               | get the niceties that the big players have the experience
               | in providing.
        
               | curtisblaine wrote:
               | It's really hard to exist without a payment processor,
               | and it's overwhelmingly hard to set up one.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Almost all of the people who were involved in Jan 6 have
               | gone to jail. It was a serious crime.
               | 
               | And you can't expect companies to be wilfully complicit
               | in criminal acts by allowing services like Parlor which
               | you admit partly facilitated the Jan 6 event.
               | 
               | That said you can run internet services without AWS or
               | Apple. Build a web app and host it on your own
               | infrastructure.
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | In this context, if genuine, this seems odd to me. https:
               | //twitter.com/ChuckCallesto/status/1689484345281478656
               | 
               | Not to be outdone, if you've not seen it in the UK we've
               | had this much smaller rebellion:
               | https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extinction-
               | rebellion-pr...
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >This was allegedly because Jan 6th was planned on the
               | platform, but it turns out Jan 6th was mostly planned on
               | Facebook.
               | 
               | "mostly planned on Facebook" doesn't mean "not at all
               | planned anywhere else." There was a whole data dump of
               | content from Parler showing that yes a lot of planning
               | was done there. Here[0] is a Slate article about it.
               | 
               | >'build your own platform' is a lie. You cant do that
               | without relying on other services today.
               | 
               | Weird, because Parler was recently acquired and will
               | presumably be relaunched, Gab still exists, and Rumble
               | and Truth Social and plenty of other "alternative"
               | platforms are still active as far as I know. How is it
               | that an entire ecosystem of platforms to serve the
               | conservative and right-wing market has popped up if it's
               | impossible to build alternatives to mainstream services?
               | 
               | I mean, for all of the censorship supposedly going on,
               | the "dissenters" don't seem to be hindered in getting
               | their message out at all.
               | 
               | [0]https://slate.com/technology/2022/01/parler-
               | jan-6-capitol-fa...
        
               | curtisblaine wrote:
               | If I'm not wrong, Gab was cut off by pretty much all
               | payment processors and had to launch its own to survive.
               | There was a moment in which, if you wanted to give money
               | to Gab, you had to either mail them a check or do a
               | bitcoin payment to their wallet. They technically
               | survived, but dissenters were - and are - greatly
               | hindered at every step.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Correct, it's called Gab Pay.
        
             | LightHugger wrote:
             | Freedom to listen is a good right and arguably better than
             | freedom of speech but you don't understand how it works.
             | Freedom to listen means the censors don't get in the way.
             | Facebook censoring a post from reaching someone who wants
             | to see isn't "people not wanting to listen", it's facebook
             | getting in the way of two consenting adults who want to
             | communicate to eachother.
             | 
             | Freedom to listen requires freedom of speech, but also
             | requires good blocking and filtering tools on the
             | individual level. If the tools are not on an individual
             | level, and you cannot choose to unblock or unfilter
             | "dangerous" views, you don't have freedom to listen. By the
             | way, we have this on hacker news, this is how the post
             | flagging and dead systems work, you can just choose to see
             | what's being moderated.
        
               | toofy wrote:
               | what you're calling "censored", on my forum (and even
               | here on hackernews) and on countless other forums, we
               | simply say "deleted." and move on with our day.
               | 
               | from irc to bbs', from forums to discord rooms, here on
               | hackernews, from our own living rooms to
               | restaurants/bars, if the person running the show finds
               | someone obnoxious, they delete the comments or remove the
               | person. this isn't new, it isn't surprising. it's been
               | happening since the beginning days.
               | 
               | are you looking for publicly owned internet
               | infrastructure or something? if it's a private space, how
               | can you demand they host people they find obnoxious? how
               | can you demand they ignore that they fought hard for
               | their audience or diners at dinner time.
               | 
               | i get publicly owned spaces, i really do. free speech and
               | all that, but i can't imagine doing anything but laughing
               | at someone if they ran into a restaurant, stood on the
               | table, yelling "genocide races A, B, C now!!" at the top
               | of their lungs, then screaming "censorship" as the owner
               | removes them.
        
               | curtisblaine wrote:
               | > how can you demand they ignore that they fought hard
               | for their audience or diners at dinner time.
               | 
               | Demanding that cloud providers and payment processors act
               | as neutral channels doesn't seem that hard to me. The
               | problem is not the bar owner removing the person, the
               | problem is the person being effectively barred from
               | opening their bar.
               | 
               | > if they ran into a restaurant, stood on the table,
               | yelling "genocide races A, B, C now!!"
               | 
               | Well, that's an extreme example. Normally, what happens
               | is that patrons get thrown out for saying things like "we
               | don't want to use your pronouns" or "we don't think your
               | theory of privilege is credible" or "we don't think make
               | athletes should compete in women's sports".
        
             | OrvalWintermute wrote:
             | I downvoted you and I want to explain why.
             | 
             | The public square, and the communication around it are
             | controlled by BigTech, BigMedia, and are heavily beholden
             | to Govt & BigPharma which means pushing provax, esg, and
             | various other uniparty narratives. That means publications,
             | and new sources, as well as social media, forums, instant
             | messaging, IMs, email and many others are all censored. It
             | is hard to reach eyeballs if all communications are
             | controlled&censored too.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | It is nonsense that all forms of media and online sites
               | are censored.
               | 
               | It is simply the ones that are popular that have and will
               | enforce their own terms of service.
               | 
               | And that is because there is a proven, strong
               | relationship between sites that do this and sites that
               | are popular. Because again. Most people simply aren't
               | interested in hearing the type of views that are
               | typically censored.
        
               | Bud wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | danem wrote:
               | He never said these platforms don't feature any amount of
               | censorship, or that certain types of content don't face
               | unique hurdles that other types do not.
               | 
               | The fact is, it's still vastly easier today to
               | disseminate your ideas -- no matter what they are -- than
               | at any other time in history. Do you really think radio,
               | newspapers, tv stations, and book publishers weren't just
               | as influenced by large corporate and political interests?
        
               | lasc4r wrote:
               | I seriously doubt IMs and email are being censored. You
               | sound like someone who gets their information from
               | grifters that complain about censorship despite having
               | huge audiences captured by masses of lazy thinkers.
        
               | OrvalWintermute wrote:
               | Please do not discount my experience.
               | 
               | On a high karma Reddit account I was warned by an admin
               | about banning for a specific story they wanted
               | suppressed, and the post was deleted.
               | 
               | On Facebook I have been blocked from sending specific
               | links from 3 different URLs in IMs, the last of which was
               | because it had a contrary position about the Ukrainian
               | war (the website Southfront which is Russian govt
               | affiliated) when I was talking with a friend of mine that
               | happens to have a Ukrainian wife. We were talking about
               | stories in the news in the West vs East and what was the
               | actual story.
        
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