[HN Gopher] When did Postgres become cool?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When did Postgres become cool?
        
       Author : fforflo
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2023-08-09 17:54 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.crunchydata.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.crunchydata.com)
        
       | pcthrowaway wrote:
       | Interesting thread/post on Heroku's choice to go with Postgres,
       | and speculation that that decision was pivotal in Postgres's rise
       | its status as the relational database of choice for hackers:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31425115
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | avereveard wrote:
       | About at the transition between oracle 11 and 12, wmvare was
       | quickly becoming the next big thing, and oracle licensing was
       | causing concerns I don't precisely recall with virtual
       | deployments. In conjunction with orm reaching good maturity and
       | postgres starting to catch up with benchmark it was the perfect
       | storm.
        
       | srj wrote:
       | I remember bringing a postgresql book to a sleepover when I was
       | in high school around 2002. An IRC friend was on the pgsql
       | advocacy mailing list and we were all obsessed.
       | 
       | Now were we cool? I have my doubts. We sure thought pgsql was
       | cool though (still do!)
        
       | leroman wrote:
       | For me after trying all the "cool" stuff like mongo etc, seeing
       | the great support Posgres has for JSON just made it an easy
       | choice.
       | 
       | Use all the relational stuff but still have nice native support
       | for JSON and useful extensions.
       | 
       | What else do I need?
       | 
       | Even now, with the addition of vector stores we get PGVector and
       | so it just reinforces my choice over time.
        
       | fcatalan wrote:
       | I run Postgres since about 2016. I used to run MySQL behind the
       | same frontend app.
       | 
       | I barely know anything about Postgres beyond installation for our
       | use case, backup and recover. I used to know loads about obscure
       | MySQL optimization techniques, fixing broken tables, fiddling
       | with scary parameters and recovering from hair raising
       | situations.
       | 
       | I like my current state of ignorance.
        
         | eyphka wrote:
         | Running Postgres in production since 2017. Some trivia
         | required, but nothing like priest knowledge needed for MySQL.
         | 
         | I love not having to be trivia king.
        
           | sitzkrieg wrote:
           | a wonderful side effect of well made software
        
       | devdude1337 wrote:
       | My first experience with postgres was around 2009. Picked it out
       | of curiosity and it ended up at the clients server doing it's job
       | and never bothered anyone.
       | 
       | I thought it was very cool doing fancy joins and reliable
       | procedures but then came the NoSQL era and I nearly forgot about
       | it. Then everyone started to realize that any growing database
       | ends up with complicated relations and lots of applications do
       | not fit non-relational data structures well. Suddenly postgres
       | came up with the json and jsonb types. It was like a fairytale.
       | 
       | So when did it became cool? Around 2016/2017. Why? Good technical
       | decisions and execution.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Postgres _was_ cool. Now SQLite is cool. In a few years .INI
       | files will be cool. Fads gonna fad.
        
         | lolive wrote:
         | Parquet+S3 ;)
        
       | bloudermilk wrote:
       | When I started working with Rails in 2008 having come from PHP,
       | both communities were pretty squarely in the MySQL camp by
       | default. That changed quickly over the following couple of years
       | however. As I recall, the free Heroku Postgres offering had a
       | huge influence.
        
       | mrj wrote:
       | As with anything truly cool, it was cool long before most people
       | noticed. I have been using Postgres on and off since ~7.2 and it
       | has always been amazing. Being known as cool takes time.
        
         | ianmcgowan wrote:
         | Coolness is not evenly distributed :-) Even banks now have
         | Postgres, it doesn't hurt that Oracle is such a nightmare to
         | deal with..
        
         | wonks wrote:
         | It surely was the "I'm so cool you don't even know I'm cool"
         | kind of cool.
        
       | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
       | I don't know when, but I just came back to it after a stint of
       | first MySQL and then MS SQL, and the first feeling I got is that
       | here is a piece of software that seems to be made by people who
       | just want to make my day better.
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | I've been running postgres since, I think, 2008. Mainly I don't
       | like MSFT in general (although I admit VS Code and WSL are pretty
       | cool). I tried MySQL on my first blog and a couple projects and
       | it just seemed to be a bit to chaotic (how many engines do you
       | need?), then a bit too gross (post acquisition). Some of the guys
       | I work with use MariaDB, but at this point I've met Michael
       | Stonebraker and some hardcore postgres folks and it just feels
       | like the right way. Plus it seems like the cloud vendors tend to
       | support Postgres-like features (e.g. Redshift) so that seems like
       | a hella safe bet.
        
         | thepostman0 wrote:
         | Hey, unrelated to DBs, but my view is WSL is boring, seems a VM
         | with mounts, but wine feels much cooler.
         | 
         | Interesting view with cloud vendors, there does seem to be a
         | shift from traditional LAMP stack.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Where do you see people shifting to?
        
       | z3t4 wrote:
       | People like lightweight and simple databases. Maybe it became
       | cool because a lack of development, making all other databases
       | bloated in comparison?
        
       | jghn wrote:
       | I remember in the early-mid aughts I evaluated Postgres vs MySQL.
       | At the time the conventional wisdom seemed to be that Postgres
       | was focusing more on robustness and MySQL more on functionality.
       | And a lot of people seemed to prefer MySQL because of this.
       | 
       | When I looped back around several years later Postgres had
       | started to overcome MySQL. Conventional wisdom then was it was
       | roughly at feature parity with MySQL but more robust.
       | 
       | So it would seem that working on having a robust inner core first
       | paid off, even if it cost some early reputation.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | Postgres started in 1986. its was never less featureful than
         | MySQL...in fact MySQL tried to get by without _transactions_
         | for the longest time. the fact that MySQL had more
         | market/mindshare at any point is more of a testament about
         | crowd mentality than anything about either of the two
         | databases.
        
           | craigching wrote:
           | I remember maybe circa 2004 debating Postgres and mysql with
           | a colleague. I told him to unplug the machine that was
           | hosting his mysql instance. He did and corrupted his
           | database. He said it didn't matter, he had backups, speed was
           | more important :p This was before mysql had the innodb
           | storage engine, after that it wasn't so bad. I have always
           | stood by Postgres though, it's a fantastic piece of open
           | source software.
        
       | etchalon wrote:
       | Was it that Postgres became cool or that MySQL became unreliable
       | post-Oracle and developers were looking for an alternative?
        
         | gtowey wrote:
         | Developers were afraid it would become a tool for Oracle to
         | monetize and trap people in their ecosystem. That never really
         | happened and they have actually done some really good
         | development work on it.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Postgres became cool when the scales fell off peoples eyes and
       | they realized that very few use cases necessitate or even benefit
       | from "NoSQL" databases.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | NoSQL is as popular as it has ever been though. Many of those
         | most popular NoSQL DBs have outgrown the general database
         | market for a decade and it doesn't look to be slowing down.
         | 
         | Saying that, SQL databases are still the king by a wide margin.
         | Postgres has grown more at other SQL DBs expense than anything.
        
         | thewix wrote:
         | You get JSON types with postgres. If you aren't sharing data
         | between tables then json is fine
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | You get JSONB with postgres, which, to me, is a significant
           | difference. This means you can indexing by key/value, access
           | keys directly, without parsing the whole json string, etc.
           | 
           | For my use case, JSONB support completely killed most NoSQL
           | solutions.
        
         | dymk wrote:
         | It was way before that - it was when people got fed up with the
         | string handling and implicit type casting stupidity of MySQL
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | I think a large amount of mysql was based on PHP applications
           | with default mysql support.
        
             | fjfuvucucuc wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | This is also my opinion and I think before that MySQL was
           | known for fast and Postgres for features and correctness. I
           | think the change went both ways, people realized that MySQL's
           | casual approach only got them so far and at the same time
           | Postgres focused more on performance without giving up its
           | existing qualities. I think Postgres became cool when it
           | became fast (too).
        
             | code_runner wrote:
             | I came from a MSSQL background and eventually worked on an
             | MySQL project with somebody who had a TON of MySQL
             | experience by way of symfony.
             | 
             | I was explaining that not all of his non-aggregated columns
             | were in his group by, so his query wasn't going to work....
             | but what do you know, MySQL will just return whatever it
             | feels like from the group in that situation. I expected it
             | not to run at all.
             | 
             | I think there are some flags etc you can use to enable to
             | stricter behavior but it was one of the wildest footguns
             | I've ever seen.
        
             | ASalazarMX wrote:
             | The last straw was when Oracle bought MySQL, and it was
             | forked to MariaSQL. Postgres went from the nerdy awkward
             | kid to the nerdy cool kid, while MySQL started drinking,
             | getting split personalities, and living off his past fame.
        
               | chx wrote:
               | I think even Sun buying MySQL already hurt MySQL and
               | helped PostgreSQL.
               | 
               | Back in 2006, the startup I was with moved from
               | PostgreSQL to MySQL because the support we were able to
               | find was both expensive (300 USD/hr) and not
               | satisfactory. Back then MySQL AB (this was before Sun)
               | gave us a 10K two year deal on three servers and they had
               | excellent response times and knowledgeable support.
               | 
               | For PostgreSQL the year 2010 when Salesforce bought
               | Heroku (big plus) and Oracle bought MySQL (big minus for
               | MySQL so indirect big plus to PostgreSQL) was the
               | breakthrough, I would say.
               | 
               | That MySQL didn't get CTE and window functions until 2018
               | is a sad joke.
        
               | CRConrad wrote:
               | > MariaSQL
               | 
               | MariaDB.
        
               | hashtag-til wrote:
               | The "new" name never really stick...
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | > MySQL was known for fast and Postgres for features and
             | correctness
             | 
             | That's still the case.
             | 
             | In particular, MySQL is faster for updates (no MVCC), but
             | that comes at a cost that I would be hesitant to pay.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | I think that also came late. It was when Oracle bought Sun.
           | People who needed a drop-in replacement moved to MariaDB, but
           | it was the last straw for people who were creating new
           | projects and sort of hated MySQL anyway. Everybody remembered
           | the other one.
        
           | weare138 wrote:
           | I think all the drama with Oracle acquiring MySQL may have
           | contributed to the situation too.
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | It was excellent and recommended over MySQL before but I
           | agree it became "cool" in the wake of the mongodb/nosql
           | hype->trough of disillusionment transition.
        
       | throw1234651234 wrote:
       | ~5 years ago in the midwest.
        
       | tonfreed wrote:
       | I always thought it was cool. We used it in uni when the whole
       | world was going nuts over mysql
        
       | justinclift wrote:
       | > the first Postgres company Great Bridge.
       | 
       | That doesn't seem correct. Wasn't PostgreSQL Inc. the first
       | PostgreSQL company?
        
       | z_ wrote:
       | Postgres has always been cool.
        
       | Zandikar wrote:
       | > Postgres wasn't always the cool kid.
       | 
       | Has been since before the Maria/MySQL split in my sphere of the
       | world. Always interesting to see how different people perceive
       | tools over time.
       | 
       | Honestly this sounds more like "When did psql go mainstream"?
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | Postgres has been cool since the early 2000s. SQLite is even
       | cooler.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | idk. I did worked on a distributed database startup in the
         | mid-2000s and we started with a PG base since that made sense.
         | it became pretty clear that the market was still based around
         | MySQL and so we pivoted.
         | 
         | maybe we were mistaken, but lets say the picture was still
         | fuzzy
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | You're right, the recommendation in the LAMP era was MySQL,
           | but it ate some of my data once (the disk got full and it
           | kept writing) and I never trusted it again.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | in 02002-02004 i worked at a startup shipping an on-premises saas
       | network management system ( _i.e._ , buy our appliance and
       | install it) built on postgres, after a previous startup using
       | mysql. even then postgres was a perfectly fine database; at the
       | time there wasn't much reason to prefer postgres or mysql over
       | each other unless you were running at massive scale, where even
       | oracle couldn't hold a candle to mysql's readslaves
       | 
       | 99% of the time i'm using a sql database it's because i don't
       | care about cool features tho. i mean window functions and json
       | and recursive ctes are definitely cool but my orm isn't gonna use
       | them
       | 
       | the startup got bought out a couple years later, so i guess it
       | was successful, but my options were so diluted they weren't worth
       | much
       | 
       | the huge difference in my experience was going from no credible
       | gratis sql rdbms in 01993 or so, to msql in 01994 (gratis but far
       | from libre), to mysql in 01996 (gratis but not quite libre) and
       | postgresql (libre!) in the fuzzy period 01996-02000. postgres
       | didn't support sql until 01996 but for reasons i don't remember
       | wasn't really a viable alternative to mysql until about 01999. i
       | don't remember exactly when mysql started offering a real free-
       | software license but i think it was maybe 02000 or 02001; the
       | lawsuit over nusphere's infringement of mysql's gpl was 02002
       | 
       | maybe gumby can weigh in with his experience trying to sell
       | people on an enhanced postgres fork supporting cross-data-center
       | oltp at zembu (eventual-consistency-like multisite performance
       | but without the eventual consistency, which is to say,
       | inconsistency). other founders were ncm and ian (lance) taylor:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20010617143323/http://www.zembu.c...
       | 
       | nowadays i think sqlite is kind of the big competitor; lower
       | write performance, higher read performance (except for very
       | complex queries where its simple execution model is inadequate),
       | and much lower hassle
       | 
       | probably all these non-column-store designs are obsolete; i'm
       | curious whether there's a column-based sql database that offers
       | the same degree of hassle-freeness as sqlite or even postgres
        
       | tmaly wrote:
       | I have been using Postgres since version 6.x and I thought it was
       | cool back then.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Hmm for me when Oracle bought MySQL.
        
         | danielovichdk wrote:
         | Yes.
         | 
         | Strange how people seems to have forgotten that.
        
       | CRConrad wrote:
       | I first started noticing that apparently lots of people had begun
       | to find it cool some five or eight years ago... So, given how
       | incredibly hip and well-connected and "with it" I am, presumably
       | at least some five (or perhaps ten) years before that.
       | 
       | So ca 2010, maybe just a little earlier?
        
       | kneebonian wrote:
       | Since the second someone found a reasonable enterprise
       | alternative to the proctology practice that is Oracle.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | Oracle fucks you in pricing, PostgreSQL in the effort required
         | to pull off a minor version upgrade.
        
           | justinclift wrote:
           | What's the situation where minor version upgrades are giving
           | you trouble?
           | 
           | Asking because it's not supposed to be troublesome. In theory
           | (!), minor version upgrades don't require any change to the
           | on-disk data, so you should be able to just upgrade your PG
           | binaries then restart the database.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Ah, looks like psql seems to have switched to actually
             | using minor and major versions properly during the last two
             | years - I remember the dance from the 9.x versions and
             | postgres-upgrade [1].
             | 
             | In any case it's way more straightforward with mysql.
             | 
             | [1] https://hub.docker.com/r/tianon/postgres-upgrade
        
               | justinclift wrote:
               | For Docker usage you'll probably be better off with the
               | "automatic upgrade" images instead:
               | 
               | https://hub.docker.com/r/pgautoupgrade/pgautoupgrade
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | That being said, those pgautoupgrade images are alpine
               | Linux based.
               | 
               | People coming from non-alpine Linux images of PostgreSQL
               | will probably need that older not-automatic approach you
               | linked to.
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | I picked PostgreSQL over MySQL for a project I did in 2005. I
       | picked it since the project would benefit from many advantages
       | which PostgreSQL already had over MySQL, and it would _not_
       | particularly benefit from MySQL's only often-touted advantage,
       | speed. This turned out to be the correct choice, and this has not
       | changed since.
        
         | frodowtf wrote:
         | why?
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | The project did not need to be particularly fast, which was
           | the only touted advantage which MySQL had at the time. In all
           | other respects, PostgreSQL was the clear winner. (I edited my
           | original post to be more clear.)
        
       | throwaway71271 wrote:
       | i used mysql for almost 20 years, since 3.23 and in the last 4
       | years i am exclusively using postgres (because of the hype and i
       | thought i am missing out), and its not my cup of tea.
       | 
       | i just love mysql's hackable storage engine (particularly the new
       | lsmt engines), and i hate toast so much, not to mention the
       | permission system which is so convoluted and it is so easy to
       | shoot yourself in the foot. and of course it does not play nice
       | with low iops ebs.
       | 
       | its too expensive to migrate from pg now, but i would avoid it in
       | the future
       | 
       | i usually dont use super sophisticated sql, so mysql is actually
       | pretty good for me considering i can tune the knobs on some
       | tables pretty well.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | curious - Postgres isn't hackable enough for you? I've found it
         | much more amenable to changes in say, the storage engine, than
         | mysql ever was.
        
       | BiteCode_dev wrote:
       | The point is, it never became cool.
       | 
       | It was a good tool, and it still is. There is no marketing, no
       | fluff, no buzz world.
       | 
       | It gets the job done.
       | 
       | That's what's good about it.
        
       | donbale wrote:
       | For me it became cool when I realised I could also use it as a
       | vector database with the awesome pgvector extension
        
       | adrianmsmith wrote:
       | I remember going to a general community-run tech conference in
       | Vienna in 2002 and there was a talk on PostgreSQL which I'd never
       | heard of at that point (had been using MySQL and Oracle). The
       | person giving the talk was a nerd and quite enthusiastic, and
       | quite sad that PostgreSQL wasn't more popular. Come to think of
       | it, I guess that person is happy now :)
       | 
       | So I would say it was already "cool" at that point (albeit not in
       | wide use, at least in my circles).
       | 
       | We weren't too happy with Oracle (pricing), and we'd only moved
       | to that after being unhappy with MySQL in 2000 (no
       | transactions!). I think PostgreSQL would have been a good choice
       | for us, and I did give it a try, but migrating all the data out
       | of Oracle just didn't really seem possible (Oracle didn't provide
       | great export tools as you can imagine, and a "SELECT col1 || ","
       | || col2 .." type of thing to produce a CSV would have taken hours
       | per table and we had a few dozen tables, so would have either
       | resulted in days of downtime, or some funky logic with a lookup
       | table to say which database a user was in and moving them over
       | one-by-one, but then what about FKs? what about a "messages"
       | table where one user sends a message to another? etc. So on
       | Oracle we stayed until the end of the product around 2012.
        
       | plaur782 wrote:
       | Josh Berkus had a great talk on the history of Postgres forks and
       | variants. Link below to slides from a version of this talk in
       | 2009:
       | 
       | https://www.slideshare.net/pgconf/elephant-roads-a-tour-of-p...
        
         | Daviey wrote:
         | I think a version of the same talk was done at FOSDEM that
         | year, and I remember it being very interesting!
        
       | genman wrote:
       | For me about 2001 or 2002, I think. It never became uncool since.
        
       | brimstedt wrote:
       | I see a lot of comment reflecting on MySQL and oracle vs
       | postgresql.
       | 
       | Anyone with experience of MSSQL and PostgreSQL who'd like to
       | comment on how it they compare?
        
         | gtowey wrote:
         | My experience says that PG wins in the SQL language feature
         | department.
         | 
         | However IMHO MySQL still wins in operational efficiency and
         | performance. These are things that only start to matter when
         | you scale your database and most people never actually reach
         | those sizes.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | Integrated fulltext search engine!
       | 
       | Upgrading is still too much of a pain though
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | When shopping for an open source SQL database, cool is not the
       | first thing in your mind. You are looking for familiarity,
       | compatibility, reliability, viability etc etc, lots of -ity words
       | that are decidedly uncool but, ahem, realy important.
       | 
       | What made postgres "cool" for me was the realisation that you get
       | more than what you bargain for:
       | 
       | > More than "just a database", it's a data platform
       | 
       | This feeling of being also relevant for the evolving world of
       | data engineerimg comes from noSQL functionality like JSON support
       | and also extensions that allow graph operations.
       | 
       | So postgres is cool because it is a reliable workhorse that wont
       | let you down but its codebase and community have also the DNA of
       | a racehorse that can win an occasional race for you.
       | 
       | What else can you ask of a horse? :-)
        
       | sdsd wrote:
       | When MySQL was purchased by Oracle.
       | 
       | For a time, MariaDB was the new option, but its commitment to
       | binary compatibility with MySQL made it feel bogged down.
       | 
       | Fun fact: Julian Assange contributed code to PostgreSQL a long
       | time ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18464671
        
         | evanelias wrote:
         | MariaDB doesn't have a commitment to binary compatibility with
         | MySQL, though. For a time it was _marketed_ as a drop-in
         | replacement, but that has been increasingly untrue for over a
         | decade now.
        
           | sdsd wrote:
           | Aha, I didn't know that. Looks like the marketing worked too
           | well on me! In any case, the lie of drop-in compatibility at
           | least I think led some people to look for alternatives that
           | wouldn't be hampered by Oracle-era MySQL.
        
             | duozerk wrote:
             | I didn't either until it bit me in the ass a few months
             | back - often it's shitty proprietary software being only
             | compatible with "genuine" (oracle) MySQL.
        
               | evanelias wrote:
               | To be fair to vendors, it's increasingly difficult to
               | maintain compatibility with both! Here's my very long
               | rundown of the differences in tables/DDL alone:
               | https://www.skeema.io/blog/2023/05/10/mysql-vs-mariadb-
               | schem...
               | 
               | ...and that doesn't even account for differences in
               | global variables/configuration, SQL syntax, functions,
               | replication, etc.
        
               | duozerk wrote:
               | This is very informative, thank you.
        
         | gtowey wrote:
         | This is the most direct explanation. The blog post avoids
         | talking about this at all, but I'm guessing that's to keep the
         | post informative and not let it degrade into a database flame
         | war.
         | 
         | As a MySQL DBA for the past 20 years it was practically the
         | only choice until Oracle bought Sun, then it was instantly
         | radioactive. A shame because the fears people had were
         | unfounded and some of the best development work has been done
         | since then.
        
       | water9 wrote:
       | Postgres for a long time was the leader in doing geospatial
       | calculations thanks to postgis. It became popular with the rise
       | of apps like uber and doordash because it had better support for
       | geospatial calculations required to make decisions on how to
       | allocate drivers to users around town and deal with surges.
        
       | tracerbulletx wrote:
       | When I started using Django 10 years ago during the Django/Rails
       | era, Postgres was by far the most recommended DB to use. Not sure
       | if that was also true in Rails community.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | I'm not sure it was as common as with Django, but it was a very
         | common one, especially as Heroku only provided Postgres
         | support.
        
         | tarikjn wrote:
         | Second this, I'd say started being common for Web apps in 2008
         | and "industry standard" by 2012 in the SF Bay Area.
        
         | craigkerstiens wrote:
         | I definitely recall being on the talk committee one year for
         | DjangoCon, and there was some rough discussion. (Context: The
         | conference was generally a two track conference but keynotes
         | and a few other sessions were single track). One of the single
         | track talks was about Postgres. The discussion was roughly "If
         | we have a Postgres talk we should have another talk like Mongo
         | or MySQL" and the response was roughly "Everyone in Django is
         | using Postgres and if you're not you should be at the talk to
         | learn why you should".
         | 
         | Way more Rails apps used MySQL or other databases, it was
         | largely Heroku winning Rails that led to the strong adoption
         | amongst that community.
        
         | cglace wrote:
         | ~2011 I remember people religiously recommending postgres over
         | mysql. ~2009 it seemed the go to db was still mysql.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Oracle bought Sun in 2010.
        
         | toolz wrote:
         | Started using rails 10 years ago, myself. Postgres was by far
         | the most common recommendation. In fact I learned a rule of
         | thumb, early on, that I abide by still today: Always start with
         | postgres and only migrate out once you understand your data
         | well enough to consider the migration a clear win.
        
       | pookah wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | prewett wrote:
       | I know I made the decision in 2012 or so. The startup I was
       | working at used Postgres for the server, and I didn't know
       | anything about databases, so, okay, fine, whatever. Then they
       | started an analytics team, which went with MySQL ... and ended up
       | discovering that MySQL only handled up to 3-byte characters of
       | UTF-8, which was a problem since the users of our game Chinese
       | characters and lots of creative abuses of Unicode characters. My
       | takeaway was that UTF-8 has always been at least 4 bytes (and I
       | think it might have required 6 back then, which has since been
       | walked back), and that any database which could not implement the
       | spec of something fundamental like UTF-8 correctly was completely
       | out of the realm of consideration.
        
         | sgarland wrote:
         | MySQL had utf8mb4 support in 2010, but to be fair it wasn't the
         | default, and also depending on the row format indexing cols
         | using it wasn't possible.
         | 
         | Like everything with MySQL, there were and are endless gotchas.
         | Once you learn most of them it's incredibly performant (and
         | ProxySQL in front of it is amazing, and has way more
         | capabilities than just connection looking), but it's definitely
         | full of footguns.
        
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