[HN Gopher] True shape of lithium revealed for the first time
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       True shape of lithium revealed for the first time
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 95 points
       Date   : 2023-08-07 20:03 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | The researchers are looking into "leveraging Li rhombic
       | dodecahedra as nucleation seeds, enabling the subsequent growth
       | of dense Li that improves battery performance compared with a
       | baseline" [1]. Does that means being able to run a more-
       | conventional manufacturing process once you have the seeds?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06235-w
        
         | ChuckMcM wrote:
         | Possibly, I was looking at it thinking they were going for
         | seeding the re-crystallization process during recharging in
         | order to avoid dendrites and maintain cell energy density. I
         | find it is often hard to deduce _exactly_ where they are
         | thinking of applying this due to the incredible competition
         | around patenting and rechargeable battery ideas. (electrolytes,
         | electrode configurations, etc). I 've gotten to the point where
         | I search patent applications with the lead authors names in
         | them to get better clarity on why the author thinks they have
         | made a breakthrough :-)
        
       | willprice89 wrote:
       | > "Now that we know the shape of lithium, the question is, Can we
       | tune it so that it forms cubes, which can be packed in densely to
       | increase both the safety and performance of batteries?"
       | 
       | Is the idea that they would stack the dodecahedrons into an
       | approximate cube shape, or can they tweak the synthesis so that
       | lithium cubes are deposited directly?
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The latter. Though you can pack rhombic dodecahedrons with 100%
         | efficiency I doubt you could get them to grow that way at an
         | industrial scale.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombic_dodecahedral_honeycomb
        
       | pishpash wrote:
       | "It was surprising for us to discover that when we prevented
       | surface corrosion, instead of these ill-defined shapes, we saw a
       | singular polyhedron that _matches theoretical predictions_ based
       | on the metal 's crystal structure."
       | 
       | Why is it surprising that it matches theoretical predictions? So
       | people knew the true shape of lithium in the first place.
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | Next: The Shape of Water
        
       | timerol wrote:
       | > But the UCLA investigators developed a technique that prevents
       | that corrosion and showed that, in its absence, lithium atoms
       | assemble into a surprising shape--the rhombic dodecahedron, a
       | 12-sided figure similar to the dice used in role-playing games
       | like Dungeons and Dragons.
       | 
       | I've never seen a rhombic dodecahedron d12 before. They do exist
       | after a quick search, but the much more common d12 is just a
       | dodecahedron, with pentagonal faces.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | They're not common, but you can get them
         | https://mathsgear.co.uk/products/rhombic-d12-dice
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | Is it the shape of lithium's electron shell?
        
         | lightedman wrote:
         | It is the crystalline shape of pure lithium metal which is
         | shown.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | aren't shells just these vague clouds where an electron "might"
         | be?
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | Shells are rather precise representations of the wavelike
           | properties of electrons as they exist bound in atoms.
           | 
           | Electrons are neither exactly waves or particles, they have
           | properties of both.
           | 
           | If you try to interact with an electrons' particle like
           | properties you tend to get particles, when you try to inject
           | with electrons' wavelike properties you tend to get waves.
           | 
           | The dual nature can be hard to say just right and
           | communicate.
           | 
           | The math of what's going on describes it extremely well...
           | the "this is what's actually going on" descriptions are more
           | like metaphorical stories because on a human scale quantum
           | objects just don't exist.
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | On this dual nature, can it be that the electron cloud _is_
             | the electron itself? i.e. it 's not a point-like particle
             | that jumps around, but it's the probability function
             | itself, that upon interaction with another cloud-particle
             | may shrink into a tiny ball-like cloud, but never a point.
             | In atoms, electrons interact in such a way that they assume
             | curious drum-like shapes, but when they are set free
             | somewhere in the interstellar space, the same electron will
             | be a gigantic planet-size, albeit very thin, cloud. Edit:
             | continuing this speculation, in the double-slit experiment
             | an electron passes thru both slits, then shrinks into an
             | atom-size cloud upon contact with the screen, and a "weak
             | measurement" would be a way to slightly disturb the shape
             | of the electron, to correspondingly disturb the shape of
             | the detector.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | The "reality" of any QM interpretation should be taken
               | with a grain of salt and not too seriously. There is some
               | debate, but yet what you're proposing goes considerably
               | too far. The dual nature is more or less real, you can't
               | distill it into one exact thing.
               | 
               | QED describes the behavior of electrons very well.
               | Interpretations are projected from equations but what a
               | thing "actually" is only comes from the models.
               | 
               | It can be hard to let go of wanting to come up with an
               | intuitively satisfying explanation but there is not one.
               | Your brain evolved in s world where experiences are
               | classical not quantum. Unless you spend a ton of time
               | interacting with quantum systems (and still maybe not)
               | you're not going to come up with an intuitively
               | satisfying explanation of what an electron is.
        
         | dmwood wrote:
         | No. The 'faceting' of a crystal is determined by a minimization
         | of the 'Gibbs free energy' [a thermo quantity determined mostly
         | by the relative energies of different faces of the crystal, at
         | low temp] over all the faces. The relative energies of the
         | facets are in turn determined by the crystal structure, and the
         | favored crystal structure is determined by the 'electronic
         | structure' of the material itself. Li is an alkali atom, so
         | presumably in the metal donates its outermost 's' electron to
         | make a relatively simple metal. Almost never does crystal shape
         | in any way reflect directly the atomic structure
        
       | porsager wrote:
       | Seems the artwork i did, for my friends research, that got the
       | cover on "Advanced Energy Materials" wasn't quite right?
       | 
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/16146840/2012/2/3
       | 
       | Crazy that it's over 10 years ago he made a material with so huge
       | gains, and nothing has come of it yet. Scaling really is hard!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jug wrote:
       | I enjoy the fact that the study's author is named Yuzhang Li.
        
       | puffyengineer wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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