[HN Gopher] The antitrust trial against Google is starting in Se...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The antitrust trial against Google is starting in September
        
       Author : gcheong
       Score  : 244 points
       Date   : 2023-08-06 15:41 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thebignewsletter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thebignewsletter.com)
        
       | account-5 wrote:
       | Hopefully this is won and followed by similar for all other tech
       | monopolies: Amazon, apple, meta, Microsoft, etc.
        
         | jitl wrote:
         | Google has 95% of search market, but none of the other examples
         | have 95% of anything. What are Amazon, Apple, Microsoft's
         | monopolies? They all have substantial competitors across their
         | various verticals.
         | 
         | Amazon: Walmart (goods), Netflix (media)
         | 
         | Microsoft: Apple (OS), Google, Amazon (enterprise compute)
         | 
         | Apple: Microsoft (O, services), Samsung (mobile), Google
         | (mobile, services), Netflix (media)
        
           | LorenzoGood wrote:
           | Apple has over 75% of 18-24 year olds with their phone in
           | their pocket.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | But how is this the result of Apple engaging in anti-
             | competitive practices? 75% of people choosing your product
             | can not be grounds to breakup a company and the fact that
             | it looks different for other age groups is just further
             | evidence that Apple is engaging in fair competition.
        
               | LorenzoGood wrote:
               | Not adopting RCS, and insisting on using iMessage. I
               | don't think this should cause antitrust litigation, but
               | it is problematic.
        
               | waveBidder wrote:
               | Apple has specifically decided to not adopt texting
               | standards, so that anyone not on an apple device can't
               | participate in group chats.
        
               | easeout wrote:
               | I don't see how that would hold up in a court. They
               | didn't adopt RCS and I can still have group chats by SMS.
               | They didn't adopt USB Micro and I can still charge my
               | phone with the cable that came in the box.
        
               | ewoodrich wrote:
               | You could make an argument that number would be smaller
               | if Apple was forced to make iMessage interoperable with
               | Android devices.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | It is interoperable already using SMS.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Seems like a very weak argument. Practically irrelevant
               | for an anti-trust case I would say.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Blocking iMessage on non Apple devices and generally
               | making Apple stuff only work with other Apple stuff, not
               | to mention their 30% fees on their app store while also
               | not allowing other app stores, are all anticompetitive
               | practices, which the EU is well regulating soon.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Some of those may be reason to bring legal action, but
               | breaking up Apple over this seems insane.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Yeah I wouldn't break them up but they are
               | anticompetitive which is what was asked.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | > Blocking iMessage on non Apple devices
               | 
               | iMessage has always worked with any device that supports
               | SMS.
               | 
               | Google, on the other hand, actively blocked Windows Phone
               | from having access to Youtube. Even when Microsoft paid
               | to write a Youtube app themselves, Google blocked it.
               | 
               | Google did the same thing and blocked Youtube on Amazon's
               | Echo Show.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _iMessage has always worked with any device that
               | supports SMS_
               | 
               | youtube has always worked in a web browser.
               | 
               | Meanwhile I'm laughing about how fast Apple would come
               | down on Google if they made their own Android chat that
               | tapped into iMessage and internet commentators tried to
               | justify it by "even when Google paid to write an iMessage
               | app themselves, Apple blocked it"
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | Google has used it's internet video monopoly as a weapon
               | against Microsoft's competing smart phone platform AND
               | Amazon's competing smart assistant platform.
               | 
               | Apple doesn't have a monopoly position to abuse in when
               | it comes to texting.
               | 
               | Google, on the other hand, does nave a monopoly position
               | on internet video, and a history of using that monopoly
               | as a weapon against competing platforms.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Why the whataboutism? They both have flaws. By iMessage
               | blocking, you surely knew that I didn't mean just
               | interoperability via SMS. If Apple adopted RCS or some
               | other such standard, Android users and iPhone users could
               | talk without having a degraded experience on either side.
               | Apple executives literally admitted that not expanding
               | iMessage ensured that people would continue to buy
               | iPhones:
               | 
               | > _app.)...In the absence of a strategy to become the
               | primary messaging service for [the] bulk of cell phone
               | users, I am concerned [that] iMessage on Android would
               | simply serve to remove an obstacle to iPhone families
               | giving their kids Android phones._
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/27/22406303/imessage-
               | android...
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | > By iMessage blocking, you surely knew that I didn't
               | mean just interoperability via SMS
               | 
               | It's not blocking at all, when you explicitly support
               | interoperation.
               | 
               | The only example that can obviously be called "blocking"
               | is when Google used it's internet video monopoly as a
               | weapon against Microsoft's competing smart phone
               | platform.
               | 
               | Refusing to allow anyone to produce a Youtube app for
               | Windows Phone isn't even in the same zip code as Google
               | not writing a Youtube app themselves.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | Since it seems like you are not aware, you should know
               | that the functionality available for iMessage is
               | different on other platforms.
               | 
               | That may be causing your confusing here. You weren't
               | aware of the functionality difference that Apple prevents
               | other platforms from using with their design choices.
               | 
               | I'd recommend that you research which functionality is
               | prevented on other platforms, since you didn't seem to
               | know about it.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | Are we both talking about a text messaging app that can
               | send text messages to any device that supports the
               | universal SMS standard?
               | 
               | That's not blocking.
               | 
               | A good example of blocking is not allowing any developers
               | on a competing smart phone platform to write an app that
               | allows users to access your monopoly internet video
               | platform.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | > Are we both talking about a text messaging app
               | 
               | We are talking about iMessage.
               | 
               | Were you not aware of the functionality differences,
               | cross platform?
               | 
               | I can totally understand if you weren't aware of them,
               | because you had only used one type of phone, for example.
               | 
               | It can be hard to know about things like this, depending
               | on ones personal experience.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | Platforms are ecosystems with a monopoly intentionally
           | created by copyright. But the copyright monopoly is supposed
           | to be for the copyrighted work. You shouldn't be able to
           | anti-competitively leverage it into a monopoly over
           | everything else it touches, from hardware to app distribution
           | to services.
           | 
           | And there is no inherent reason it has to be that way.
           | Microsoft doesn't have any kind of a monopoly on app
           | distribution for Windows, for example. POSIX applications
           | aren't tied to any specific vendor's proprietary Unix. You
           | don't have to run Windows on most PCs even if that's what it
           | comes with, and the same has been true of many Macs, but not
           | iPhones.
           | 
           | Taking a monopoly you have legitimately and leveraging it
           | into control over some other market is called tying.
        
           | tomComb wrote:
           | Google's search monopoly is the easiest to escape: the moment
           | I decide Bing or chatGPT are better I can switch with ease.
           | And chatGPT is already replacing many Google searches.
           | 
           | So, it will take care of itself, and I think there are many
           | other competition issues that need government intervention.
        
             | skinkestek wrote:
             | Google is bigger than that:
             | 
             | IMO Chrome needs to be split out too as does Android.
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | There's a network effect too in that by being the search
             | monopoly gives Google several advantages:
             | 
             | 1) They have free data about what most users want (i.e.
             | click on)
             | 
             | 2) Websites fight for being indexed by Google, but crawlers
             | other than Google basically have to fight to access
             | websites
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | _Amazon: Walmart (goods), Netflix (media)_
           | 
           | Walmart and Amazon are both huge but it seems just wrong to
           | say a brick-and-mortar store as equivalent to an online
           | market place. The direct competitors to Amazon are Ebay,
           | Baidu, Etsy, Temu and others, all of which are much smaller
           | in the US (but some are huge elsewhere). You say that
           | Facebook is a Google competitor because it offers eyeballs
           | and because people sometimes go there to get stuff and it
           | uses it's info for ads providing.
           | 
           | The actual situation imo is that online enterprises compete
           | via monopolistic competition [1]. No large high tech company
           | wants to offer exactly the same thing as it's because at best
           | neither will make a lot of money - instead, any company
           | entering a crowded marketplace will come up with something
           | guaranteeing them more engagement, higher profits and so-
           | forth (thus something _even worse_ from the consumer 's
           | view). See Meta's Threads.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolistic_competition
        
           | barnabee wrote:
           | I realise its not how current laws work, but I think the
           | threshold for any large/mature market for anti-trust should
           | be more like 33% than near 100%.
           | 
           | There's no need for companies supplying a product en masse to
           | be anywhere near that large.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Many have made cases against Amazon, e.g.
           | https://doctorow.medium.com/californias-antitrust-case-
           | again...
        
           | p_j_w wrote:
           | Microsoft has over 90% of the desktop OS and Office software
           | markets. It's impossible to come up with a reasonable
           | definition of monopoly that doesn't include them in those
           | markets.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | They don't have 90% [0]. They have about 70% of just
             | desktop, but there's lots of competition with devices since
             | desktops have replacements with tablets and phones and
             | other devices.
             | 
             | Also, as the 90s Microsoft case showed, just having a
             | monopoly isn't bad. It's the harm caused by having the
             | monopoly. Back in the 90s, Microsoft was found to harm
             | other browsers.
             | 
             | [0] https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-
             | share/desktop/worldwide
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Read up on past monopoly busts, you don't need an
               | overwhelming market share to be broken up. Standard oil
               | was down to 64% and that didn't save it.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | When antitrust proceedings starts against Standard Oil in
               | 1904, they had 91% market share [0]. By 1911 when they
               | were broken up they were down to 64%, but that's because
               | the case progressed. And after the breakup they had 0%.
               | 
               | But I think if Standard had 64% in the beginning and
               | there was a competitive market, they would not have been
               | broken up.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-evolution-
               | standard-oi...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Which is why I said down to, they didn't get to say we're
               | below the magic X% number can you please leave us alone.
               | But presumably if their market share had fallen to 10%
               | that would have happened.
               | 
               | As to when the case started, it's impossible to know what
               | the minimum threshold was. It could just as easily been
               | well below 64% as people where in monopoly busting push
               | at the time.
        
               | mcpackieh wrote:
               | People have this "folk" definition of monopoly saying
               | that a monopoly is 100% total market domination. Maybe
               | because this is the win condition for the board game
               | Monopoly? I think this idea is a serious impediment to
               | addressing anti-competitive behavior in America.
        
               | wak90 wrote:
               | >Also, as the 90s Microsoft case showed, just having a
               | monopoly isn't bad. It's the harm caused by having the
               | monopoly.
               | 
               | Can you elaborate your thoughts here because the point of
               | breaking up companies with monopolistic power is they
               | cannot be divorced from monopolistic abuse of that power.
               | It is written into US law that the company has a legal
               | duty to it's shareholders. It seems your point is a
               | distinction without a difference.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | The issue is that having a monopoly in the US isn't a
               | reason to break up a company, even though it might make
               | it possible to abuse. Antitrust law in the US requires
               | some consumer harm, so it's the abuse of monopoly power
               | that's the crux, not just having it.
               | 
               | And duty to shareholders would actually mean that
               | management would not abuse their monopoly power because
               | of the risk of breakup.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | Basically all of this is false.
               | 
               | The legal duty to shareholders doesn't mean that
               | companies need to violate the law. In reality, saying "
               | we don't abuse our market position to avoid regulatory
               | scrutiny" is acting in the interests of shareholders, and
               | a lawsuit wouldn't go further. Otherwise you'd be saying
               | that companies had a duty to break all laws in pursuit of
               | shareholder value, which is obviously silly.
               | 
               | And yeah under us law you have to prove consumer harm or
               | anticompetitive practice, not just having a significant
               | market majority.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | It isn't about market share, but about anti-competitive
             | practices.
             | 
             | Is Microsoft abusing their market position to keep
             | competitors out of the market?
        
               | gmerc wrote:
               | laughs in constant bing, onedrive, fucking edge, teams
               | upsells on my paid version of windows.
               | 
               | Laughs in edge ignoring browser preferences screwing over
               | firefox
               | 
               | laughs in constantly returning widgets, Microsoft reward
               | currency on the start menu, forced telemetry.
               | 
               | Laughs in teams bundling.
               | 
               | Laughs in the coming super monopoly of cross domain AI
               | finetuning in teams.
               | 
               | Lol, by the standards of the last century, they are worse
               | than what did them in in the 90s
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | bl4ckh0l3 wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | You asked,
               | 
               | > Is Microsoft abusing their market position to keep
               | competitors out of the market?
               | 
               | and they replied with a list of places MS uses their
               | position to try and push their offerings over
               | competitors.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >You asked
               | 
               | No, I did not. I stated the question which would need to
               | be answered if you wanted to figure out if Microsoft
               | should face an anti-trust.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | That's not at all how your initial comment reads. You
               | didn't frame the question as a question other people
               | would have to ask, you framed it in a way that clearly
               | invited a response. You might not have liked the way they
               | replied, but your follow-up was super dismissive given
               | that you asked a question.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Thanks for letting me know
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Okay, then they provided a list of reasons why the answer
               | is yes.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Okay, then I asked him why he did that.
        
               | biohacker85 wrote:
               | I believe the user "constantcrying" is looking for a
               | "username checks out" response as is popular on reddit.
               | This kind of stuff should stay on reddit, but if it is
               | going to be tried here it really needs to be more clever.
        
               | mordae wrote:
               | They are literally writing the fucking laws in many EU
               | countries to make themselves the only public sector cloud
               | provider. They are making sure that it's their OS and
               | their products being taught at schools. They are beyond
               | simple anti-competitive practices, they are a fucking
               | force of nature nowadays.
        
             | delfinom wrote:
             | >Microsoft has over 90% of the desktop OS and Office
             | software markets.
             | 
             | Their market has been shrinking due to the rise of tablets
             | and smartphones (so a majority of the population doesn't
             | need PCs at home beyond certain professionals, gamers and
             | hobbyists)
             | 
             | They do have a large business market share, but that is
             | also shrinking as many "modern" businesses diversify with
             | Apple computers due to employees growing up with them.
             | 
             | Depending on stats, it has fallen from 90% to 75% in a
             | decade and will most likely continue to fall. This is part
             | of the business case for Microsoft to make their software
             | work cross-platform in order to diversify.
             | 
             | Otherwise their position is a natural monopoly. Companies
             | opted to all use Windows because there are certain
             | economies of scale that occur when you all standardize on
             | the same software, including, and this is the biggest one,
             | your employees not needing to relearn whatever ridiculous
             | snowflake UI scheme came up by each different linux distro.
             | It's why Windows and macOS will continue to remain dominant
             | in the PC space.
             | 
             | The same goes for Office 365. Sure there are certain
             | elements of it that are a bit _too pushy. But companies buy
             | into it because it's one standardized and integrated
             | system. Going elsewhere has overhead of increased training
             | costs for end users and even the IT admin side.
        
             | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
             | But you can have them for free so it doesn't count
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | You can't have them for free--you pay for Windows in the
               | form of a higher OEM cost for your computer.
               | 
               | EDIT: OP eventually clarified in the thread that they're
               | talking about piracy. So apparently the argument is that
               | because Microsoft products can be pirated, Microsoft
               | isn't a monopoly. Make of that what you will.
        
               | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
               | Only if you buy an already assembled computer, not if you
               | take the time to assemble the components yourself.
               | 
               | And also as a small fish the higher OEM price is being
               | subsidised by the Fortune 500 companies which buy
               | millions of dollars worth of products from Dell etc.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | If you assemble the components yourself, you still don't
               | get Windows for free, you just get out of paying the
               | Windows tax if you intend to install Linux.
               | 
               | Edit: The idea that OEMs only tack on the extra cost to
               | big companies is demonstrably false. For one thing,
               | margins per-item are _always_ lower on bulk purchases,
               | not higher--Fortune 500 do not pay list price on
               | anything. For another, you can see the difference in cost
               | on the Dell XPS 13 by switching between Linux and
               | Windows:
               | 
               | https://www.dell.com/en-us/shop/dell-laptops/xps-13-plus-
               | dev...
               | 
               | Computers that _don 't_ offer a Linux option just all
               | come with that $149 surcharge baked in.
        
               | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
               | > > If you assemble the components yourself, you still
               | don't get Windows for free, you just get out of paying
               | the Windows tax if you intend to install Linux.
               | 
               | You get Windows for free from the combo of self-assemble
               | + torrenting + Microsoft not pursuing individual users
               | for piracy
               | 
               | > > Dell XPS 13
               | 
               | And that is what I said, if you don't assemble the thing
               | yourself buy the cheapest option from an OEM and then you
               | can get Microsoft products for free if you are a wise
               | guy.
               | 
               | And Microsoft tolerates it.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | This is a completely useless argument in the context of
               | antitrust. Microsoft falling victim to copyright
               | infringement is not going to cause a judge to say
               | "actually, since so many people steal your stuff, you're
               | not a monopoly after all!"
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | Price dumping is an anti-competitive practice.
        
         | dantheman wrote:
         | Hopefully the government loses.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | I would rather give my data to one entity, than thousands of
           | fragmented ones. Some things can only be accomplished at
           | scale, and also risk getting into the wrong hands (re
           | Twitter)
        
             | growingentropy wrote:
             | If you only want one entity having your data, you're better
             | off being abused by Apple. Google invites all his friends
             | over to run a train on you.
        
               | waithuh wrote:
               | Why do you think that Apple doesnt do that?
        
               | growingentropy wrote:
               | https://fossbytes.com/apple-data-collection-explained/
               | 
               | "Now that we've established that Apple collects and uses
               | your data to serve ads, does it sell your data too? Turns
               | out the answer is No, Apple doesn't sell your data to
               | third-party advertisers. The Cupertino giant possesses
               | the exclusive rights of showing you ads on the App Store
               | and other apps."
        
               | waithuh wrote:
               | ah, yeah i kind of consider that as data selling anyways.
               | Not outright selling, you are right there. Selling in
               | bulk would be dumb for these companies when they have ad
               | networks in place, though. Its like the DRM for ads.
        
               | growingentropy wrote:
               | Fair points all around.
               | 
               | And by the way? I'm an android fan. Though Apple is more
               | secure in some ways, I would much rather have control
               | over my device.
        
               | growingentropy wrote:
               | Although to be fair, the next paragraph says,
               | "Surprisingly, Google offers a similar deal. The company
               | collects and uses your personal data for targeted
               | advertising, but it doesn't sell it to third-party
               | advertisers. So it means advertisers can pay Google or
               | Apple to be seen on your iPhone or Android device.
               | However, the advertisers can't know who you are and come
               | after you on their own."
               | 
               | I just find Google to be an advertising company that
               | happens to produce software.
        
             | jart wrote:
             | If Google gets broken up, Gmail will end up like the PSTN.
             | 
             | Anyone can monitor your location.
             | 
             | Anyone can read your messages.
             | 
             | Anyone can spoof your address.
        
               | waithuh wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
       | concordDance wrote:
       | Won't this kill Firefox if Google gets told it cant pay browsers
       | to put it as default? That would suck.
        
         | Eumenes wrote:
         | Mozilla is nearly a subsidiary of Google at this point, and
         | exists primarily to push Alphabet's social agenda ('organizing'
         | and 'activism' account for 4x more expenditures than software).
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | Even if it kills Firefox, it would be a net positive to the web
         | overall, and may even lead to new browsers that aren't just
         | Chromium forks.
         | 
         | Google is raking in billions of dollars per year illegally. If
         | the court rules that way and forces a break up, then those many
         | billions of dollars will be up for grabs, and (potentially
         | many) new competitors will fight for them. There's no way to
         | predict what that will look like, but we will see a lot of
         | innovation.
         | 
         | (EDIT: and for the record, I am a happy Firefox user)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | voytec wrote:
         | It would kill Mitchell Baker's salary. The browser would
         | survive - as Firefox or forks.
        
           | summerlight wrote:
           | And all other Mozilla engineer's salary as well? Developing a
           | modern browser is a very expensive business nowadays.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | My impression is that the actually useful work on Firefox would
         | only require a tiny fraction of the money that Mozilla
         | currently receives from Google.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | It would kill the Mozilla Corporation in its current form and
         | hopefully get us Baker's head (as least metaphorically if
         | nothing else) but it will not necessarily be the end of the
         | browser itself.
        
           | advisedwang wrote:
           | Who else will pay salaries to maintain Firefox? Firefox can't
           | survive on community contributions alone.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | Wikipedia having a higher turnover than Mozilla from
             | contribution alone is a counter-example.
             | 
             | And if Google is being split, then Chrome will also need to
             | find a monetization strategy, opening the perspective for
             | Mozilla.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | The bar to contribute to a software project of any size
               | is many times higher than the bar to contribute to
               | Wikipedia.
               | 
               | If you were speaking monetarily, Wikipedia has a
               | gargantuan user count and good will to match, where
               | Mozilla has spent the last few years squandering both of
               | those.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | I'm not talking about code contribution here, but about
               | money. Wikipedia raises every year from donation more
               | than what Mozilla gets from its pact with the devil.
               | 
               | I agree with you though that Mozilla has spent most of
               | its good will, and that a donation-based model would have
               | been much easier to pull-off a few years back than it is
               | now.
        
         | wffurr wrote:
         | Mozilla will have to find another revenue source and cut
         | budgets to focus on the browser and maybe not all the other
         | things they are doing.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | If Firefox in its current form can't exist without Google's
         | support, then Firefox in its current form is a useless vassal
         | of Google anyway. We can't have our one hope for an independent
         | web be entirely dependent on the organization bent on owning
         | the web completely!
         | 
         | If their lifeline to Google is cut, maybe Mozilla will finally
         | take us up on our offer and make it possible to pay for Firefox
         | directly, rather than throwing money at Mozilla and simply
         | hoping that it doesn't get misspent on nonsense side projects.
        
       | lucasfcosta wrote:
       | I think one argument that's missing from the article is how that
       | impacts foreign policies.
       | 
       | What about competing with foreign giants, for example? China
       | probably won't break up their large companies, and, in a global
       | market, those can then use their outsized economic power to
       | impose themselves against the counterparts elsewhere.
       | 
       | I'm not saying that will necessarily happen, just mentioning an
       | argument I've heard quite often.
       | 
       | I think the intention here is good, it's just the side effects
       | that are dangerous if not handled cautiously.
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | The flip side is that dead giants that dominate the landscape
         | stifle all innovation here and charge expensive rates.
         | Eventually allowing someone else to get much further ahead
         | technically.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | > What about competing with foreign giants, for example? China
         | probably won't break up their large companies
         | 
         | ANT Group? Alibaba?
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | There is a weird assumption that Chinese tech corporations are
         | permanently immune to American law. At most, this is an
         | artifact of unidirectional free trade agreements written
         | generations ago.
         | 
         | Similar to Europe, I doubt US regulators would dissolve one
         | giant just to see it replaced by a foreign one. The current
         | status quo that Chinese tech companies can operate in the US,
         | but US ones are unable to operate in China is an historic
         | abnormality.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | If China doesn't break up their giants, then they will lose.
        
         | growingentropy wrote:
         | We need multiple large companies, not a few huge ones.
         | 
         | Google's "internet DRM" web integrity API is honestly
         | frightening stuff. The Internet as we know it would change.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | I think fear of China is a convenient excuse used by
         | monopolists to justify letting them continue to abuse the rest
         | of us. The right call is to regulate our tech companies and
         | also restrict foreign companies who violate the rules.
        
       | throwawaysleep wrote:
       | It is all the other search engines that are crap. Plenty exist,
       | they just suck.
        
         | wavemode wrote:
         | People who say this are never able to produce a single actual
         | search query for which Google returns acceptable results but
         | other engines do not. Perhaps you can be the exception.
        
         | blain wrote:
         | I switched a while ago to DDG and about a year ago to Startpage
         | and both are good enough.
         | 
         | It was sure hard to get used to because of presumption that
         | Google has better results but after a while you don't care
         | anymore and find what you're looking for anyway.
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | > DDG and about a year ago to Startpage
           | 
           | do they have their own search infra?
        
           | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
           | Startpage uses Google search results.
           | 
           | >Startpage delivers Google search results via our proprietary
           | personal data protection technology.
           | 
           | (source: https://www.startpage.com/en/ )
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | Advertising is not intrinsically evil but mix an incompetent and
       | captured political class with the surveillance and personal
       | targeting possibilities opened by fast moving information
       | technology (the advent of the web and mobile) and you get the
       | closest approximation to dystopia that has ever existed:
       | Surveillance Capitalism [1], as first defined and analyzed by
       | Zuboff.
       | 
       | People have normalized that an advertiser is the technology
       | gatekeeper for the vast majority of web users and enjoying an
       | unassailable duopoly in mobile. People have normalized being the
       | product and not the client.
       | 
       | Yet this is not normal. It is a farcical, grotesque parody of how
       | a non-dystopic digital economy should be structured. Advertising
       | intermediaries should not control general purpose information
       | technologies that vast numbers of people rely on. This is a job
       | for ring-fenced and properly regulated technology companies. It
       | is incredible to have come that, but its now obvious that the
       | much despised Microsoft monopoly of yesteryear was a _far more
       | benign_ condition, being actually a monopoly facing client users
       | and _within_ the tech sector proper.
       | 
       | The world has paid a heavy price for this regulatory abnormality.
       | Counterfactuals are hard to make concrete but there is at least a
       | decade of stagnation, productivity loss and value destruction
       | across the technology space from the lack of competition and
       | innovation. Beyond economics, this will be a defining moment for
       | the shape and nature of digital society. You can't resolve any of
       | the brewing disruptions (digital finance, AI) when there is such
       | commingling of conflicting interests, so much hypocrisy, such
       | systemic, large scale breach of trust.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | I will happily take this "dystopia" over many places in the
         | world.
         | 
         | Of course, it would be nice if we could change some things, but
         | opening the argument with this level of hyperbole makes the
         | rest difficult to follow.
        
       | hgs3 wrote:
       | Antitrust laws are too reactive. We need proactive laws that
       | break up companies if they grow beyond a certain size criteria.
       | Ideally, the criteria would be aggressive enough to kill large
       | corporations leaving behind only small to medium-sized
       | businesses. The result would be markets with increased
       | competition, more innovation, lower prices, more options for
       | employment and self-employment, and the elimination of Big Corp's
       | big money political influence.
        
         | huitzitziltzin wrote:
         | The point of antitrust law is to _protect competition_. It's
         | not to protect small firms nor to prevent the emergence of
         | large ones. The kind of law you want is different, and in my
         | opinion as an antitrust guy a very bad idea. To my knowledge no
         | such law exists in any industrial democracy.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | It's similar to the two party system at this point, where the
         | powers are so entrenched that they control the regulatory
         | bodies that could change anything.
        
         | hintymad wrote:
         | > and the elimination of Big Corp's big money political
         | influence.
         | 
         | And companies like Google have more than just "big money
         | political influence". YouTube banned discussions on legitimate
         | discussion of Covid and politics in the past few years, for
         | instance.
        
           | skinkestek wrote:
           | As someone who has taken my vaccines and are anti anti-vax: I
           | think this is true and it hurt us.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | I feel like we ought to have progressive taxation on
         | corporations: the larger you are, the more you get taxed. This
         | would act as a general purpose biasing of the economy in favour
         | of smaller companies and more competition.
        
           | gottorf wrote:
           | What we have currently is the other way around,
           | unfortunately: the larger you are, the more efficient it is
           | for you to be "compliant" with various laws and regulations.
           | The same way that a billionaire wouldn't mind paying half a
           | million dollars to an accounting firm to optimize their taxes
           | another 1-2%, whereas someone making $50k a year would just
           | use the free version of TurboTax and maybe miss out on some
           | deductions.
           | 
           | This (among other things) contributes to the trend of
           | increasing consolidation in virtually every industry in
           | America.
        
             | elteto wrote:
             | While I agree with you, people making $50k a year are not
             | missing out on many deductions. Putting its parent company
             | aside, Turbo Tax is not a bad product for simple taxes at
             | that income level.
             | 
             | What they are missing out is alternative investment
             | categories only available to those with more money, or
             | estate planning solutions that are expensive to setup.
        
           | barnabee wrote:
           | I'd strongly welcome this, based on both size and
           | profitability (which should also include money going to
           | salaries above some level per employee, as well as accounting
           | profit, dividends, etc.).
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | I agree that antitrust is too reactive, especially in tech, but
         | when it hits the real world your proposed solution would just
         | lead to a new Byzantine maze like our current tax code. We'd
         | get a whole new industry built up around helping corporations
         | to _technically_ stay under the thresholds by exploiting
         | loopholes (and another industry for lobbying for those
         | loopholes to be expanded).
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | This could be used as a criticism of literally any law of any
           | kind.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | This gets you cartels, where the top players collude.
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | > We need proactive laws that break up companies if they grow
         | beyond a certain size criteria.
         | 
         | Even assuming that this is a good idea, this have an
         | unnecessary risk of being unconstitutional and getting scrapped
         | by the justices. If you want to limit property rights in this
         | fundamental way, that has to be based on a very strong judicial
         | basis. That's why almost all reasonable antitrust regulation
         | happens in a reactive way, because it has to prove that those
         | regulated entities are actually doing something harmful.
        
           | TheCoelacanth wrote:
           | People have rights. Trillion dollar corporations should not.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | The constitution says nothing adverse to regulating entities
           | that are not actively doing harm (though I disagree).
           | Congress can write any standard they want into law if you get
           | the right legislators in a room.
           | 
           | Antitrust is reactive because consolidation is a slow burn
           | and it takes a while for a critical mass of voters to feel
           | the problem. Thats why Obama and Biden have taken completely
           | different approaches, despite being ideologically similar.
        
             | summerlight wrote:
             | Regulations have to happen in a "Necessary and Proper" way
             | (see 8.18). The Congress is delegated with a strong
             | legislative power, but it's not something limitless.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | That clause basically says "Congress shall have the
               | authority to make laws that enable it to execute its
               | powers". It has nothing to do with what you said. Its
               | there to prevent judicial chicanery, not encourage it.
        
         | mikepurvis wrote:
         | Is there a model anywhere for this having been tried,
         | successfully or otherwise?
         | 
         | The obvious hesitation I have is just that some companies
         | really do benefit from a lot of vertical integration. Could
         | Apple be Apple if they were forced to spin off the phone
         | business, or the chip design house, or the OS?
         | 
         | What would it mean for the startup ecosystem if getting bought
         | by a conglomerate was a less plausible exit?
         | 
         | How would regulators enforce that the split off entities were
         | truly independent vs faking it and then having exclusivity
         | deals that meant they were basically still the same singular
         | entity?
        
           | dmbche wrote:
           | Should Apple exist in it's current form?
           | 
           | If it weren't, the things that are integrated become
           | available for others - meaning better products for all, no?
           | 
           | What's the societal benefit of integrating all these advances
           | in single companies?
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | Not so much because then, for example, you become Qualcomm
             | and have 50 different customers all asking for different
             | things from your chips and you reach a local optimum where
             | you solve everyone's issue a little bit but don't actually
             | do a good job. There's a reason that Apple's chips are so
             | much better in terms of performance and energy efficiency.
             | Similarly, it's why Apple did the W1 first and it took a
             | very long time before any competitor figured out how to do
             | the same thing. And you'll see the same with VR where FB
             | will struggle to make HW with comparable specs while
             | Apple's chip gives their SW a leg up.
             | 
             | TLDR: it's complex, but successful vertical businesses have
             | fairly different products, efficiencies, and outcomes.
        
               | bogwog wrote:
               | Apple made better chips than Qualcomm because Qualcomm is
               | a monopolist, and thus doesn't need to actually compete.
               | The moment a competitor sprung up, they got their ass
               | kicked.
               | 
               | Yes, no other company but Apple could have pulled that
               | off, but that's only because Apple themselves are a
               | monopolist with the market power to fight another
               | monopolist.
               | 
               | That's not a good thing. The solution to monopolies isn't
               | more monopolies. A much smaller company than Apple could
               | have theoretically created a better processor than
               | Qualcomm, but it just couldn't happen due to multiple
               | anti-competitive factors. Like how Qualcomm has a patent
               | portfolio that gives them a monopoly on 4G modems, and
               | can use that to force companies to purchase other
               | components from them if they want a modem.
               | 
               | https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/qualcomm-us-ftc-apple-
               | chips...
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | I ask this every time it comes up, but what exactly does
               | Apple have a monopoly in? They don't control majority of
               | anything in any category that they participate in. They
               | are a major purchaser of high end fab processes, but that
               | doesn't allow them to control PC, phone, steaming,
               | messaging, audio, home integration, or any other market.
               | 
               | They are one of the most vertically integrated large
               | companies, but they are allowed to monopolize their own
               | products. There is no iPhone market - that's a product
               | within a huge market of other mobile devices that anyone
               | can join.
        
               | bogwog wrote:
               | These types of discussions on this site are pointless. I
               | can tell that no matter what I say, you're going to end
               | up moving the goal posts. Why do I know this? Because you
               | non sarcastically are trying to say that Apple doesn't
               | have a monopoly. The amount of mental gymnastics is takes
               | to frame it that way is only possible if someone cares
               | more about defending the honor of their favorite megacorp
               | than finding any kind of truth.
               | 
               | And if I'm completely wrong about you, then I apologize.
               | My patience for these internet arguments isn't what it
               | used to be. To answer your question, there are no doubt
               | thousands of comments on this website about that topic.
               | Ignore the ones that seem to come from Apple fanboys, and
               | you'll find the right answers.
        
               | ddingus wrote:
               | I think about this topic often and am also curious, but
               | not an Apple fanboy, unless we end up talking about the 8
               | and 16 bit 6602, 65816 based computers. :)
               | 
               | The way I see it, Apple has targeted a very specific kind
               | of customer. And these people have a few things in
               | common:
               | 
               | Value privacy
               | 
               | Value great hardware
               | 
               | Willing to recognize and pay for all the ways Apple adds
               | value: packaging, UX, etc...
               | 
               | And there are some more, but I feel listing more won't
               | add value here.
               | 
               | I do like the Apple M1 computer I own. And I like the
               | older 8 and 16 bit ones too. The reasons are very
               | different with the older machines being open and hackable
               | and the M1 being fast with crazy good battery life given
               | the overall performance.
               | 
               | However, I flat out won't own an Apple phone. Too closed
               | down, and the UX is not well aligned with how I prefer to
               | do things.
               | 
               | I disagree strongly with many things Apple does and feel
               | their products often are too restrictive.
               | 
               | But, I do not have to use anything they make either.
               | 
               | Some have argued that Apple has serious lock in on their
               | products. Yep. Except for the computers, I agree! That is
               | why I won't use any of their stuff.
               | 
               | Yet lots of people want it that way and Apple delivers it
               | to them and asks those people to pay right up, and those
               | people do pay up and a whole lot of those people are
               | happy having seen good value for their dollar.
               | 
               | In my view, Apple gets to do that.
               | 
               | And nobody has to like them doing that, right?
               | 
               | How is any of it a monopoly?
               | 
               | Serious question.
        
               | dmbche wrote:
               | Thank you for the answer!
               | 
               | My first thought is that the "apple Qualcomm" that would
               | come out would have incentives to make better chips
               | without needing to also sell phones (competing with other
               | chip manufacturers) but I can understand that the chip
               | industry is very costly and risky, I can see how without
               | integration they can't compete with any current player -
               | too expensive and risky.
        
             | kylehotchkiss wrote:
             | Substantially less opportunities for your private data to
             | be hacked and leaked all over the web.
             | 
             | I think Apple's long term privacy and e2ee pushes and
             | googles recent attempts at the same would not exist across
             | a pile of medium sized companies. iCloud Photos leaking
             | would continue to be a thing.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | > What would it mean for the startup ecosystem if getting
           | bought by a conglomerate was a less plausible exit?
           | 
           | I guess going public would be the move realistically. I would
           | prefer to see a shift toward startups aiming for solvency
           | though, which I believe would make better companies.
           | Companies that fit a role in society better. Free market
           | capitalism isn't really happening if consumers aren't paying
           | for anything and the money rains in from the VC heavens
           | instead.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Bigger fines and liquidation on misbehaviour.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | Yeah and other countries won't follow suit. Congrats, you yield
         | all the economics of scale to China. What now? "Export" the
         | US's domestic laws to other countries like it always does?
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | We would be more efficient if we made the work week 80 hours
           | minimum, at the small cost of people's happiness! China would
           | stand no chance.
           | 
           | In case I'm unclear, I feel that not keeping our economy
           | diverse and fair because China might make more stuff than us
           | if we do is very misguided.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | It's hard to tell if it's Google's dominance causing search to
       | suck or just the web ecosystem naturally optimizing for clicks. I
       | will say most queries with even vaguely commercial intent do seem
       | to get the max or nearly a full page of sponsored links. I don't
       | recall what it was like years ago but I'm pretty sure it is
       | worse. I also think it's pretty clear the platform take-rate
       | needs to be generally lowered across the board, likely making it
       | illegal to lock customers to a store or require payments go
       | through the same store. This is a tax on basically everyone and
       | provides very little value.
        
         | WirelessGigabit wrote:
         | The problem here is authority. What makes you an authority on a
         | subject? Books written? Credentials (diploma?)? References?
         | 
         | These things aren't all true in real life, and on the internet
         | it's even easier to fake all of that.
         | 
         | In the beginning Google went by 'amount of text' (which is why
         | you read everybody's life story on how they had sex next to a
         | magma flow in Hawaii which created the idea of doing burnt ends
         | on a pizza stone), references (remember all those backlinks
         | which would boost your page). Credentials are a lot harder to
         | track. There is no API at my school where you can put in my
         | name and see my credentials (and all you'd see is 'we got
         | governments subsidies for this person, which is why we let him
         | pass').
         | 
         | And all of this worked at the start. Knowledgeable people
         | naturally had references on the web, as only knowledgeable
         | people were on the web.
         | 
         | Now we literally have people writing text purely to make it
         | look like their website has more content on them, even if it is
         | remotely related to what they serve.
         | 
         | Great example, even posted here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36740400
         | 
         | Or any coding problem where you end up on logrocket / some
         | partitioning app / some generated website with which has an
         | 'answer' for KB0000000 -> KB9999999...
        
           | rolph wrote:
           | >>What makes you an authority on a subject<<
           | 
           | the ability to make accurate predictions of outcome by way of
           | knowledge, observation, and logical deliberation.
        
             | smoldesu wrote:
             | You seem to have misread the question. How does Google, an
             | automated service, "make accurate predictions of outcome by
             | way of knowledge, observation, and logical deliberation"?
        
               | rolph wrote:
               | they dont, and thats a major issue.
        
           | RubyRidgeRandy wrote:
           | I work (partly) in SEO. One of the main issues that affects
           | search and will get even worse in the future is the post-
           | scarcity environment of the web when it comes to information.
           | Say you had five websites for that each have identical cookie
           | recipes. If you optimize search rankings by click-through
           | rating, eventually all the sites will have similar copy,
           | titles, and page descriptions. If you optimize for bounce
           | rate, you knock out sites that get to the point but also
           | knock out sites that crappy and have bad ui/ux. What about
           | core web vitals? Well again, everyone will catch up
           | eventually. Anything that can be gamified will eventually be
           | gamed.
           | 
           | Now instead of 5 sites with identical recipes, what about
           | 500? 5,000? 5,000,000? How can you even rank them in a
           | meaningful way and does it matter to the end user?
           | 
           | There will be too much of a supply of information, especially
           | when ai ramps up, that no one website will have unique value
           | outside of local significance or if it was made by your mom
           | or someone you like. I think it will be crazy to see what the
           | web looks like 10 years from now. It could be vastly
           | different.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | This expectation that everything can be automatically done
             | by algoryths is the core if the problem. its like a form of
             | insanity, it doesn't work but we keep trying.
             | 
             | Why are top 10 results for 'apply for visa to Moldova' a
             | scam? Is it really impossible to give government officials
             | an ability to provide input for official business, like
             | applying for a passport?
             | 
             | Could you not hire like 2 people in each makor country to
             | keep track of websites for important government services?
             | 
             | Could you not take community input like reddit does, or
             | wikipedia?
             | 
             | seriously sometimes i think the people making the smartest
             | algorythms are tge ones with biggest tonnel vision, and are
             | incapable of examining alternative solutions.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | ...It isn't the algorithm that's the problem. It's people
               | invested in becoming a value extracting diversion for an
               | answer that'll be around.
               | 
               | Lets take your problem. Applying for a visa for Moldova.
               | Let's say that there's a site hosted at visa.moldova.gov
               | with a form to apply.
               | 
               | Eventually, someone is going to integrate a bunch of data
               | broker services to auto-fill that form, then data broker
               | to other tourism related businesses trying to compete to
               | plan your stay.
               | 
               | It is very much in their interest to ensure that no one
               | sees visa.moldova.gov, but instead sees one of their
               | onboarding funnels.
               | 
               | Thus the well around a well known onboarding point to a
               | critical government service is poisoned.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | You could stop working in SEO and just design shit to be
             | responsive to typical boolean search like Tim intended. But
             | dear God, people might be able to find things then, and
             | where would you fork in the distracting cruft?
             | 
             | The problem never was or will be Search. The problem is
             | advertisers hijacking the verb of "Search" to weight it for
             | those willing to pay.
             | 
             | Librarians and archivists have had search solved for the
             | last century. The only people who have a problem with that
             | implementation are the ones who want to convince you the
             | answer you're looking for is them.
        
         | i_am_jl wrote:
         | >I don't recall what it was like years ago but I'm pretty sure
         | it is worse.
         | 
         | It's absolutely worse today, how much worse depends on how far
         | back you go.
         | 
         | Before 2005 Google didn't put ads in search results, AdWords
         | results were separated off to the right side of the page to
         | make them clearly distinct from organic search results.
        
         | mertd wrote:
         | The old Internet is dead. There used to be people building web
         | pages just because they are passionate about something.
         | 
         | Now any imaginable niche subject is drowned by a deluge of
         | blogspam articles.
         | 
         | Interesting people moved behind walled gardens because who is
         | going to bother building a webpage when you can just post a pic
         | or 140 characters on a whim and move on with life.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | well building the webpage is easy, but paying hosting and
           | keeping it updated is a side jobby i dont need once I've
           | reached 30 and have kids
        
           | eitland wrote:
           | Please try search.marginalia.nu or even Kagi.
           | 
           | I was about to give up but these to have given me hope that
           | search isn't unsolvable.
        
         | bl4ckh0l3 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Kagi stands to me as proof that search can be better if it
         | isn't run by an ad company. Kagi deliberately downranks sites
         | that are loaded with ads and trackers, and the quality of their
         | results is much higher, with much less SEO blogspam.
         | Unsurprisingly, having a high concentration of ads and trackers
         | is highly correlated with having content that is intended to
         | maximize views rather than provide utility.
         | 
         | Google has a conflict of interest here: on the one hand their
         | users need information, but on the other Google is the primary
         | vendor of advertisements on these garbage clickbait sites. It
         | would not surprise me if Google intentionally upweighted
         | results that have their ads in them, and they certainly are not
         | downweighting them the way Kagi does.
        
           | jonex wrote:
           | If Kagi were as popular as Google, you'd quickly see pages
           | appear "without ads", that looks suspiciously like what an ad
           | would say. The problem is SEO, and it affects the mainstream
           | search engine because that's what's worth optimising for.
           | 
           | For instance, Google product search results would likely be
           | greatly improved by always showing relevant reddit posts
           | first. But this would last a very short amount of time until
           | reddit would be completely drowned in junk. (I've seen people
           | argue that this is already the case, but searching reddit
           | still tends to work well for the products I search for)
           | 
           | We can be happy that Google search hasn't gone this way, and
           | as a Kagi user you should be glad that it's not a more
           | popular engine, as the quality of results likely highly
           | depend on that just fact.
           | 
           | In a way the ads-filled product search results are better,
           | because at least they're honestly trying to sell you the
           | product you are searching for rather than making fake
           | comparison sites pretending to be genuine content.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | > that looks suspiciously like what an ad would say ...
             | fake comparison sites pretending to be genuine content.
             | 
             | This is already a thing under Google's system: if a result
             | isn't an ad-ridden mess, it's content marketing trying to
             | sell an adjacent product.
             | 
             | You haven't addressed the conflict of interest that Google
             | has as the largest vendor of ads on the internet. Right
             | now, Kagi's sole job is to help me find what I'm looking
             | for. If SEO started to game their current algorithm, the
             | incentive would be for Kagi to improve their algorithm and
             | win the meta game. If they fail to do so, their payments
             | will dry up as people look for an engine that _will_.
             | 
             | Google has no such incentive. If their algorithms
             | consistently drive traffic to pages that have their ads on
             | them, Google is incentivized to keep that traffic flowing,
             | regardless of how SEO'd the content is. The user isn't
             | Google's customer, the advertiser is.
        
             | eitland wrote:
             | In addition to what lolinder writes Kagi already gives me
             | what we have askes for from Google for a decade or two: a
             | way for us to punish creative SEO artists by individually
             | downranking or outright block them.
             | 
             | If they start popping up in Kagis result they will bother
             | me at most two or three times before I hit the downrank or
             | block button and they are gone.
             | 
             | Why Google hasn't managed to create something similar
             | during the last two decades I leave as an exercise for the
             | reader.
        
             | zlg_codes wrote:
             | > In a way the ads-filled product search results are
             | better, because at least they're honestly trying to sell
             | you the product you are searching for rather than making
             | fake comparison sites pretending to be genuine content.
             | 
             | In what universe can for-profit behavior be trusted or
             | accepted at face value as genuine? Also, maybe I'm using it
             | Wrong(tm), but I don't use general search engines to look
             | for products. I'm not shopping all the time, so why should
             | we be advertised to all the time? I use a blocker and
             | aggressively eradicate ads from my experiences, precisely
             | because they are useless to me, take up valuable screen
             | real estate and bandwidth, and are security and privacy
             | vulnerabilities.
             | 
             | It wasn't so bad back when it was just a JPG and a link,
             | but the telemetry that gets baked into it is creepy as
             | well. For-profit Internet behavior needs to rein in its
             | snooping if it wants to gain trust.
        
           | fireflash38 wrote:
           | How does kagi do with "corporate blogspam" - things like
           | tutorials, guides, intros, etc created by a company as a
           | funnel for conversions.
           | 
           | You know, things like the fusionauth OAuth guides (not trying
           | to call them out).
           | 
           | I ask because it's a weird area where it can be shit and
           | predatory, or a general good thing.
        
         | mordae wrote:
         | Try Kagi. They are weeding out the bad results waaaay more
         | aggressively than Google. It helps a lot. They even allow me to
         | immediately boost or block whole websites! Something absolutely
         | trivial Google just refused to do.
        
         | svaha1728 wrote:
         | After switching to Kagi, I absolutely see this as Google
         | intentionally making search awful. They are catering to the web
         | ecosystem that is optimized for clicks.
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >Google has maintained this monopoly, the government alleges, not
       | by making a better product, but by locking down everywhere that
       | consumers might be able to find a different search engine option,
       | and making sure they only see Google.
       | 
       | Google improves search every year. Internally they have data to
       | back this up. Google doesn't lock down everywhere consumers can
       | learn about a new browser. The most notable being the default
       | search engine on Windows is Bing. I have also seen ads for other
       | search engines and discussion about search engines on social
       | media.It isn't like you say the word Bing on the internet and you
       | get contacted by Google's lawyers with a C&D.
       | 
       | >To understand why this case makes sense, look no further than
       | the experience of Neeva, a search engine whose quality was as
       | high or higher than that of Google, but died a few months ago
       | because it just couldn't get access to customers.
       | 
       | Better technology does not necessarily mean that you will have
       | the better business. There are other reasons that you can fail.
       | The link about Neeva having better quality actually states the
       | opposite: "Neeva ended up building a search engine they were
       | proud of, a search engine that came close to beating Google both
       | by Neeva's internal metrics and in user studies."
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | > Google improves search every year.
         | 
         | I don't believe this based on my own search experience getting
         | worse year over year. I believe they know how to improve it,
         | but they choose to increase revenue instead.
         | 
         | Results seem to be less relevant to me and there are frequently
         | more ad results than organic that display on the page.
         | 
         | I think they are able to do this because of lock in with users
         | and vendors. If there was more competition, there wouldn't be
         | such bad results.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | That line gave me a chuckle, too. It was so hilariously bad,
           | it was funny in a way.
        
           | dantheman wrote:
           | I think you don't understand how much worse the internet has
           | gotten - there are a large amount of bad actors actively
           | trying to make google worse (junk content, etc) - Even just
           | providing the same level of quality results with decreasing
           | quality source data is an improvement.
           | 
           | If it was easy to extract better results there would be
           | competition with better results.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | I definitely don't understand.
             | 
             | But I'm fairly certain that having 50-100% of the first
             | page of search results be ads isn't good for the internet.
             | And it's made worse by google search recommending chrome
             | and chrome recommending google search.
        
             | sickill wrote:
             | And yet for me DuckDuckGo provides better results,
             | consistently, for last few years. If "internet has gotten
             | much worse" is true (I agree in many aspects it did) then
             | DDG must be improving search at faster pace than Google.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | Perhaps you and Google have different definitions of quality.
        
             | riku_iki wrote:
             | I am confident this is the case.
             | 
             | there is some vp of the search in goodle, and he has bunch
             | of metrics on his screen, some go down and some go up, and
             | he obviously will chose those metrics which looks favorable
             | to report to upper level, and then promote people who did
             | "great" job of achieving those metrics, and fund and expand
             | their projects.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Blows my mind that Google is penalized so often, while the
         | clear monopoly is Apple. Heck Apple goes out of its way to
         | break compatibility with Google through restrictions on RCS
         | (iMessage), Pixel buds (or any other OEM), charging cable, no
         | headphone jack and so on.
        
           | laserdancepony wrote:
           | I can't take your RCS argument seriously. You do realize it's
           | just a scheme from the carriers to bill you for every message
           | again like they did with SMS? Good riddance. I don't need
           | that on my iPhone, thank Jobs.
           | 
           | And for the headphone jacks, I'd rather take a water
           | resistant phone without this legacy connector. Do you also
           | want serial ports back?
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | > Google improves search every year.
         | 
         | Google search has decreased in quality significantly the last
         | years.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | > Better technology does not necessarily mean that you will
         | have the better business.
         | 
         | Right, sometimes an existing company can spend you out of
         | business even if your product is superior, even if consumers
         | prefer your product, and even if your business is more
         | efficient. That's what happens when there's a monopolist in
         | your market: innovation is futile, consumers lose, the
         | monopolist wins. The end.
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | > controlling much of our communications
       | 
       | Google doesn't _control_ my communication with others.
        
         | lacrimacida wrote:
         | It's a game of numbers, and in that game they control the
         | largest slice of the pie
        
         | AshamedCaptain wrote:
         | It is _impossible_ to use the Internet without your data ending
         | up in some Google service. The same for Amazon, Microsoft. It
         | is still possible to do it while avoiding Apple, Facebook, and
         | others, though.
         | 
         | There are government websites which use Google's Recaptcha.
         | That should say enough.
        
         | TheRealPomax wrote:
         | Emphasis on the wrong word. It might not control _your_
         | communication if you 're an iPhone user and you don't have a
         | google account for anything, but it absolutely and objectively
         | _controls_ communication.
         | 
         | For unfathomably large swathes of the planet's population even.
         | 
         | It does this by owning not just the devices they communicate
         | with, but also the operating system on those devices, the
         | applications used through those operating systems, and the
         | infrastructure that those applications make use of. And while
         | it's tempting to say they control the communication, but not
         | the _content_ of the communication, even that 's not true:
         | google even controls the content through services like
         | automatic replies for email, call-screening assistant, etc.
         | 
         | And if you ever _interact_ with those, because the other party
         | uses them, then  "Google doesn't control my communication" is
         | hilariously misguided. Google controls _your_ communication if
         | that communication is with anyone in the Google ecosystem.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | Google controls mine as search and gmail and chrome are major
         | ways that I communicate with others. It's difficult not to use
         | them because my employer and many sites require chrome.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what the gmail market share is, but chrome and
         | search are over 50% and they've used that market position to
         | harm users (showing ads for their own products until you choose
         | chrome) and harm competitors (showing their own ads above
         | competitors).
        
           | andsoitis wrote:
           | Can you communicate anything you want or does Google control
           | what you're able to say (i.e. "control your communications")
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | There's different levels of control. I think control means
             | affect how I communicate.
             | 
             | I can't communicate anything I want as chrome blocks
             | certain apps from installing. And gmail blocks some
             | communication. And search filters results from what I want
             | to find. Etc etc.
             | 
             | So yes, google controls what I'm able to say.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > I think control means affect how I communicate
               | 
               | Many things affect how I communicate, but that is very
               | different from _controlling_.
               | 
               | > chrome blocks certain apps from installing
               | 
               | Chrome blocks apps from installing?
               | 
               | > And gmail blocks some communication.
               | 
               | Such as?
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Google removed NukeRedditHistory from their App Store.
               | And lots of others.
               | 
               | There's a system of how gmail decides what is spam and
               | what isn't. And there's a large percentage of non-spam
               | that gets blocked or sent to spam [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.inboxally.com/blog/why-is-gmail-blocking-
               | my-emai...
        
             | LargeTomato wrote:
             | If I say something "wrong" on YouTube my entire account can
             | be banned. I will lose all my passwords and identity.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | I was in Google Ads 2008-2010 and I do remember: it was 3 top
           | ads and 7 right hand side ads.
        
           | dantheman wrote:
           | It's hard to say google controls your communication.
           | 
           | You: 1. Voluntary use their services 2. There are lots of
           | alternatives 3. The switching cost is minimal
        
             | ocdtrekkie wrote:
             | The parent clearly noted they do not use Google services
             | voluntarily, but are required to by their employer and
             | various websites. Which is exactly the reason for
             | antitrust.
        
             | areoform wrote:
             | Google absolutely controls communication. Two examples,
             | 
             | Example 1: GMail. Google uses the mass adoption of GMail as
             | a cudgel. It's no longer possible to independently host
             | email without being marked as spam or rate limited by
             | Google, https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/gmail-independent-
             | email
             | 
             | Example 2: Google did a good old "Embrace, Extend and
             | Extinguish" on XMPP, https://ploum.net/2023-06-23-how-to-
             | kill-decentralised-netwo...
        
             | tobylane wrote:
             | Even if you personally don't use GMail, a considerable
             | amount of personal emails have at least one participant who
             | uses it. Every social person who uses email has some of
             | their communication read by Google. People who like
             | hyperbole will phrase that as all of their communication is
             | data mined and therefore controlled.
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | moreover - as someone who doesn't use gmail - I'm subject
               | to their capricious and unknowable policies about
               | incoming mail. they get to decide if I can actually speak
               | to half the internet.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | I have no control on my accointances using gmail, nor than
             | I control the fact that key services only make their
             | website chrome-only and their mobile app available only on
             | the Google play store.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | Don't you have friends and business partners who only use
         | gmail? I envy you...
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | Hmm we got the internet and cellular phones _because_ AT &T were
       | broken up?
       | 
       | Citation needed I think. That sounds pretty far-fetched and over-
       | reaching to me.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | not very far-fetched. back in the beginning your local bell was
         | where you went to get wide-area link level service. and it was
         | a huge pain. extremely costly, months long installations,
         | abysmal service.
         | 
         | somewhat later, these same people were responsible for nonsense
         | like ATM. they were going to prop up their own internet - with
         | hookers, and circuits, and per-cell QOS based charging. and
         | they were gonna do it right. and it was gonna be great.
         | 
         | would they have leveraged their monopoly on the underlying
         | circuits to try to dominate layer 3? almost certainly.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | Yes but there is a world outside of America. GSM for example
           | came from Finland, and I believe that ARPANET et al were
           | military and wouldn't give a shit about what AT&T were doing,
           | and even then the inventor of packet switching networks
           | (Donald Davies) was from the UK.
           | 
           | If AT&T had just carried on I am sure that the internet and
           | mobile phones would have happened anyway. Sure things may
           | have been _different_ it happened at _different times_ , but
           | I don't think AT&T not being broken up would have stopped
           | things that were already happening elsewhere from continuing
           | to happen.
        
         | eitland wrote:
         | The quality of telephone services took of and the prices
         | plummeted here in Norway when the phone monopoly was broken
         | around 1998.
         | 
         | I was there and remember going from expensive landlines with
         | complicated pricing structures all the way to cell phone plans
         | so cheap every kid has one.
         | 
         | IMO no way it would have happened with the monopoly we had in
         | the nineties.
        
       | offtwit wrote:
       | It sounds like this is only about google search. How can that be
       | broken up? Or are they just going to get fined many billions of
       | dollars and they lose their right to being the default search
       | engine on iPhones?
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | > lose their right to being the default search engine on
         | iPhones?
         | 
         | It would mean they can't PAY apple to make Google the default
         | search engine. Apple would then (in theory) pick whichever
         | search engine is best and not just play ball with Google's lock
         | in. This would therefore enable competition. In theory.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | The author is just focusing on this aspect bc that's this case,
         | but there's multiple ongoing. E.g. there's one about
         | monopolistic practices in the online ad business.
         | 
         | Specifically here:                 How does Google lock out
         | rivals? Well, it pays $45 billion a year to have distributors
         | refuse to carry its competitor's products, signing deals with
         | "Apple, LG, Motorola, and Samsung; major U.S. wireless carriers
         | such as AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon; and browser developers
         | such as Mozilla, Opera, and UCWeb-- to secure default status
         | for its general search engine and, in many cases, to
         | specifically prohibit Google's counterparties from dealing with
         | Google's competitors."
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | That sounds anticompetitive to me. But I understand that
           | proving criminal anticompetitive behavior is extremely
           | difficult under US law, which is why it almost never happens.
           | And companies as large as Google can outpunch regulators on
           | legal spending, paying ex-government lawyers millions per
           | year to work around the rules.
        
           | asah wrote:
           | Refuse to carry? Or just not the default?
        
       | riku_iki wrote:
       | So, what are the demands in this trial? Do they want to divide
       | google? How?
        
         | summerlight wrote:
         | So-called "break-up" may not be effective as expected and it's
         | easy to workaround that for tech companies as they're less tied
         | to physical infrastructures unlike conventional monopolies.
         | It's likely that they'll got billions of fine as well as be
         | forced to implement corrective measures on their anti-
         | competitive behaviors, of course if they lose.
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | I think they very tied together because all google services
           | run on the same internal infra and use shared collected data,
           | and for example moving ads out of google and force them to
           | pay market cloud prices, deal with all bugs and complexity
           | other market players are facing and more importantly cut from
           | data collected internally at google will produce significant
           | damage on them.
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | From the complaint [1]:
         | 
         | > VIII. REQUEST FOR RELIEF
         | 
         | > To remedy these illegal acts, Plaintiffs request that the
         | Court:
         | 
         | > a. Adjudge and decree that Google acted unlawfully to
         | maintain general search services, search advertising, and
         | general search text advertising monopolies in violation of
         | Section 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. SS 2;
         | 
         | > b. Enter structural relief as needed to cure any
         | anticompetitive harm;
         | 
         | > c. Enjoin Google from continuing to engage in the
         | anticompetitive practices described herein and from engaging in
         | any other practices with the same purpose and effect as the
         | challenged practices;
         | 
         | > d. Enter any other preliminary or permanent relief necessary
         | and appropriate to restore competitive conditions in the
         | markets affected by Google's unlawful conduct;
         | 
         | > e. Enter any additional relief the Court finds just and
         | proper; and
         | 
         | > f. Award each Plaintiff an amount equal to its costs incurred
         | in bringing this action on behalf of its citizens.
         | 
         | So basically just banning whatever anti-competative behaviour
         | the court finds and fining Google a bunch.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.justice.gov/d9/press-
         | releases/attachments/2020/1...
        
       | prakhar897 wrote:
       | The Indian govt imposed restrictions that a payment provider in
       | India can fulfill max 30% of the total volume of transactions in
       | an year [1]. After that, they have to restrict themselves. This
       | completely avoids monopoly and concentration risks.
       | 
       | This can be done for search as well which makes sure at least 4
       | players stay in the market at all times. Why isn't US govt doing
       | this?
       | 
       | 1. https://www.indiatimes.com/worth/news/upi-apps-may-soon-
       | have...
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | It makes perfect sense. Doesn't happen in the US because of
         | regulatory capture
        
         | halflings wrote:
         | > Why isn't US govt doing this?
         | 
         | Why isn't the UK, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, ... doing this?
         | Because it's a pretty strong form of controlled economy that
         | distorts the market.
         | 
         | How would this work for search engines? Would you force people
         | to use a different search engine than the one they want? (e.g.
         | they type Google.com and end up redirected to Bing.com) ; or
         | somehow just funnel revenue to other companies... then who gets
         | to decide which companies this gets funneled to?
         | 
         | Anti-trust is about preventing anti-competitive tactics, but
         | the scheme you is ironically anti-competitive: it artificially
         | inflates usage of other services even if they don't provide an
         | equal/superior service, with consumers paying the price.
         | 
         | [disclaimer: I work at Google, so likely biased]
        
           | badrabbit wrote:
           | People can use google all they want, the restriction would be
           | on how much ad can be sold by Google.
        
             | halflings wrote:
             | So the remaining traffic would be all expenses, no profit?
             | Doesn't sound like capitalism anymore then, more of a
             | public service.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Imagine a government creating a search engine as a public
               | service.
               | 
               | ... Oh wait, that's actually a great idea and I want to
               | see that happen.
        
               | halflings wrote:
               | Sure, then advocate for your government to build a public
               | search engine.
               | 
               | Why do you need to penalize private institutions if users
               | prefer to use them over a government service?
        
               | xcdzvyn wrote:
               | I, personally, am very, _very_ glad my country doesn't
               | oblige me to use a state-sponsored search engine.
               | 
               | Baidu "Liu Si Shi Jian "[0] to find out more!
               | 
               | [0] "June Fourth incident", the Chinese name for the
               | Tiananmen square massacre. Other banned search terms
               | include "candle", "never forget", and the numbers 25 and
               | 64.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | I wasn't imagining one would be obliged. Merely that as a
               | demonstrated vital good in modern society, it's something
               | a government could, perhaps, guarantee a minimum standard
               | on.
               | 
               | Ad-free tax-funded search would be kind of neat.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Alphabet in the US would just spin off 3 "competitors" and be
           | done. All 4 would then be subsidiaries of the holding company
           | and they still collect the money. Of course this can't happen
           | in India, because there would be political repercussions
           | unless it was was an Indian firm connected to the government.
           | 
           | To change this takes real political will and a recognition of
           | who the beneficiaries of the current systems are. It's not
           | simple in any remotely democratic system with rule of law.
           | 
           | We do have the FTC which can enforce antitrust (when the
           | executive branch doesn't interfere) and force various
           | requirements (like the auctioning of ad terms be separated
           | from the business of marketing ads, and the collection of
           | search data) on different parts of the company.
           | 
           | (edit: Oops, I must remember to only discuss US politics with
           | any realism. Reference to any other country's
           | corruption/politics must only be with the highest reverence,
           | deference, and awe.)
        
           | drdaeman wrote:
           | > How would this work for search engines?
           | 
           | There is a way. If we start treating Internet search as
           | commodity/public utility, we can use shared municipal fiber
           | analogy. One public website can route requests to multiple
           | participating search providers, ensuring that the searches
           | are evenly distributed.
           | 
           | Of course, it's not a good idea for a lot of reasons.
           | Starting as extending government surveillance, through
           | leaving consumers with limited choices (if different
           | providers' result quality is significantly different, which
           | it probably is), and all the way down to having to decide
           | what qualifies as a search engine.
           | 
           | It's best to look at the root of the issue. I don't think
           | most people are upset that Google is the most popular search
           | engine out there. It's the other practices that make people
           | wary or outright unhappy. Google is very multi-faceted, so
           | government forcing company split (e.g. make Google Search,
           | Gmail, Chrome, Android etc. entirely separate entities), or
           | disallowing of some business practices (such as making Chrome
           | cater to Google Analytics needs) might be beneficial.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | They would just have to divest portions of their product.
           | 
           | It's painfully simple and we've done it a million times.
           | Breaking up AT&T is probably the most obvious example.
           | 
           | They could split up the search and ads business and maps and
           | Google local search and so on.
           | 
           | It would be fine. We'd be fine.
           | 
           | Also if you work at Google can you tell us if anyone has
           | noticed that the supposedly "equal/superior service" has
           | degraded so badly that it's barely fucking usable a lot of
           | the time?
           | 
           | Which is, of course, relevant.
        
             | why_only_15 wrote:
             | Except previously the big breakups (AT&T, Standard Oil)
             | were location-based, which doesn't really make sense for
             | Google. Why do you think splitting of maps and display ads
             | would matter for Google's market share in search?
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | Done it a million times? How often does this happen? AT&T
             | was decades ago, though I suppose you are referring to less
             | well known actions since then?
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | What would you propose instead?
        
             | halflings wrote:
             | Banning anti-competitive behavior (which is what antitrust
             | laws are for in the first place). For instance: a company
             | actively blocking competition (e.g. coffee machine
             | manufacturers that make it impossible for people to buy
             | pods from another brand).
             | 
             | Again, I am probably biased here, but I don't see much
             | anti-competitive behaviour in the search engine space. If
             | people have a clear superior alternative to Google, then by
             | all means please share it here.
             | 
             | Even during the brief period where I used duckduckgo, I was
             | constantly finding myself typing "!g" to get results from
             | Google as they were just consistently more relevant.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | What about buying the default search from Apple? Maybe
               | I'm remembering it wrong but I seem to recall they pay a
               | lot of money for that.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | What outcome are you hoping for here? Google can't pay to
               | be the default search engine on a browser, no one can pay
               | to be the default search engine on a browser, no one can
               | be the default search engine on a browser, or just Google
               | can't be the default search engine on a browser?
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | 1 and 2. Google as the overwhelmingly dominant player
               | should not be allowed to pay to further monopolize the
               | space, and since Microsoft is the alternative, I would
               | support banning paid defaults in general.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Legally enforced ballot with random default if users
               | click through without reading. Same for browsers
               | themselves.
        
           | skinkestek wrote:
           | > Because it's a pretty strong form of controlled economy
           | that distorts the market.
           | 
           | Would be trivial compared to how Google and Microsoft have
           | distorted the markets over the years.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > Why isn't US govt doing this?
         | 
         | Because it would be incredibly unpopular, for one.
         | 
         | Can you imagine being in the middle of some work, Googling a
         | term, only to be hit with "Sorry, we're over the government
         | limit and can't fulfill your search"
         | 
         | Hacker News and Stack Overflow would be full of people trading
         | tips about using VPNs to evade the limits.
         | 
         | People don't actually like having the government restrict them
         | from using things they want to use.
        
           | dudus wrote:
           | Sorry you also spent your allotted time on Hacker News and
           | Stack Overflow.
           | 
           | Please ask about VPNs on Quora until the end of the month.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | You say that like there isn't a big old demographic on this
             | site who has been rate limited in how often they're allowed
             | to post. ;)
        
               | highwaylights wrote:
               | Name... checks out?
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | I get that already every time I try to search Google in
           | incognito and once every day or two for normal searches.
           | Except it's "prove you're a human by completing these robotic
           | tasks".
           | 
           | You're right, I hate it and always switch to a different
           | search engine instead. So, that's the goal here right?
        
             | slowmovintarget wrote:
             | Google's goal is to fingerprint you so they know exactly
             | who you are on every site you visit. That's the point of
             | WEI, to make the environment safe for their ad business,
             | not better for you.
             | 
             | You using a VPN is just as outrageous to them as you
             | attempting to use a working ad blocker.
        
           | badrabbit wrote:
           | You and others replying to GP keep suggesting google users
           | who are the product not the actual customee would be
           | restricted when in fact it would be the real customers:
           | people wanting to place ads on google that would be
           | restricted. The amount of clicks google can monetize would be
           | restricted.
        
         | decremental wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | huitzitziltzin wrote:
         | Because it's a bad idea?
         | 
         | You shouldn't ensure that three potentially inferior products
         | stay on the market. That makes no sense.
         | 
         | It also reduces the incentives those firms have to invest in
         | quality - at some point there is a hard limit on how much
         | competition they face. That would be a terrible, terrible law.
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | woa, so many people are still using google for search?
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | Please state what you use in your post.
        
           | bogwog wrote:
           | I've been using Kagi for almost a year now, and I love it.
           | 
           | Every now and then I'll check Google out of curiosity, and
           | it's always shocking how bad the results are. Inaccurate
           | results, spam sites everywhere, and sensory overload of
           | advertisements.
        
       | huitzitziltzin wrote:
       | I appreciate the passion Matt Stoller brings to antitrust issues
       | but his analyses are not good on the economics, to say the very
       | least.
       | 
       | I agree that some of google's conduct is very questionable. It's
       | not obvious to me that paying to be the default search product is
       | pro-competitive.
       | 
       | On the other hand, the case that Google is going to make (and
       | which I think is going to be _really hard_ for the government to
       | overcome) is this: we (google) give our product away _for free_
       | and so do our competitors. What's more, the cost of switching
       | search engines is literally zero: just type Bing instead of
       | Google.
       | 
       | If customers are choosing our search product among two free
       | options, then our product is better. It's going to be very
       | difficult to establish that there's an abuse of dominant position
       | in that case. (There is other behavior by google which is more
       | questionable, but in search they are on firm ground.)
       | 
       | Having a large market share is not an antitrust violation, nor
       | should it be.
        
         | arrosenberg wrote:
         | As the article and others are pointing out, Google achieves
         | 'free' Search through bundling and predatory pricing, which are
         | both anticompetitive.
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | "Bundling" can be anticompetitive but is not at issue in the
           | actual case the government has filed. Nor can I personally
           | identify a meaningful bundle from google in the right sense.
           | You may be using the word informally.
        
             | arrosenberg wrote:
             | I wasn't referring to the case specifically, but Google is
             | absolutely bundling products in the formal, illegal sense
             | as well.
             | 
             | Would drive, docs and gmail be free if you divorced them
             | from the ad revenue products?
        
               | huitzitziltzin wrote:
               | >> Would drive, docs and gmail be free if you divorced
               | them from the ad revenue products?
               | 
               | If they are all free then it's not a bundle in the
               | antitrust relevant sense. Microsoft Teams is a great
               | example of an anticompetitive bundle if you want one.
        
               | jonas21 wrote:
               | > _Would drive, docs and gmail be free if you divorced
               | them from the ad revenue products?_
               | 
               | Yes, probably. They all count against your 15 GB quota of
               | free storage, after which you have to pay Google for
               | more. It's basically the same model as Dropbox.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | But is it free if it costs them billions?
         | 
         | That is, saying that customers /could/ switch is not
         | necessarily relevant. There is evidence that they believe
         | paying for the "default" billing is worth a ton of money. Not
         | just to Apple, but to Mozilla, too.
         | 
         | That they could lose access to revenue streams by losing
         | default billing is very relevant when that is also a large
         | portion of how they are able to make that payment.
         | 
         | Could see it more as collusion with competition, I suppose? It
         | isn't competing on the merits of their search, but more on
         | their ability to afford default status. Which keeps Apple from
         | entering search, and ostensibly keeps it more expensive for
         | Microsoft to keep Bing.
         | 
         | Consider, if Apple could get more from MS to make Bing default,
         | why wouldn't they?
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | >> That is, saying that customers /could/ switch is not
           | necessarily relevant
           | 
           | On the contrary, it's the whole ballgame in a case like this.
           | Google's claim will be: "we have high market share because
           | our product is good. Look - customers could switch _for free_
           | if they didn't like it." The government _cannot_ make a
           | monopolization claim solely on the basis of high market share
           | in this case. It's not remotely persuasive. (Indeed: who do
           | you do your searches with??)
           | 
           | >> "there is evidence..."
           | 
           | Totally agree with this sentence. But it's not going to be
           | decisive for the government. It will not be remotely
           | sufficient. Again - it's not clear to me personally that this
           | behavior is _pro_ -competitive. But I've already told you
           | what google is going to say. If you're going to argue
           | monopolization you have to define the market (here search)
           | and then show it's monopolized. Market share isn't enough.
           | 
           | >> could see it more as collusion...
           | 
           | Not legally. Sorry. Not without some specific evidence of a
           | conspiracy.
        
         | narism wrote:
         | >we (google) give our product away for free and so do our
         | competitors.
         | 
         | Search is not Google's product, it's a way to get their
         | product. Their product is eyeballs which they sell to
         | advertisers.
         | 
         | >the cost of switching search engines is literally zero: just
         | type Bing instead of Google.
         | 
         | If this is true, why does Google pay Apple billions/year and
         | Mozilla millions/year to make Google the default search? You
         | could be saving that money!
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | The government _could_ make antitrust claims regarding
           | google's behavior vis a vis advertisers. (I'm sympathetic to
           | some claims that could be made there!)
           | 
           | Monopolization of the ad market is _not_ the issue here,
           | because the specific claim is that google has monopolized the
           | _search_ market. You can read that right in the linked
           | article.
           | 
           | Google's payments to be the default are (as I already said)
           | not obviously pro-competitive to me. I don't know if you and
           | I disagree there.
           | 
           | But again... in Google's defense they are going to say
           | (accurately!) "everyone gives search away _for free_ so
           | consumers are free to switch."
           | 
           | It's going to be impossible (IMO) to argue that consumers are
           | _harmed in the search market_. It just won't be credible.
           | 
           | The department of justice is likely wasting its time, which
           | is similar to the recent behavior of the FTC under Lina Khan
           | which is (if you are American) wasting taxpayers' time taking
           | on losing cases, while letting mergers which really deserve
           | critical scrutiny through. Microsoft Activision is a
           | prominent recent example.
           | 
           | And if the Justice Department actually does show up in court
           | with a filing that says: "No, your search engine was awesome,
           | but it's increasingly ad-filled crap. You're too powerful,
           | you're too lazy, and America needs some real competition"
           | (this is a direct quote from Stoller's article) they are
           | going to be laughed out of town and they will richly deserve
           | it.
           | 
           | So again... I like the attention Stoller pays to antitrust
           | issues but his analysis of the economics (especially in the
           | case of some tech firms) is just bad.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | It's not free, but you aren't paying money for it.
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | In other words... it's free. Google search is free.
           | 
           | All of this "... then you are the product" stuff is totally
           | meaningless legally and economically.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | Wikipedia is free, Google search is not. You are paying for
             | Google Search. People need to realize their privacy has
             | value, a lot of value actually, otherwise Google Search and
             | every other privacy invasive platform would cost money.
        
               | huitzitziltzin wrote:
               | >> People need to realize their privacy has value, a lot
               | of value actually,
               | 
               | I mean... maybe? (How much is your data worth to google
               | in dollars? Probably not that much.) But I think
               | consumers understand how google makes their money. If
               | your argument in court is "consumers are misunderstanding
               | in dollar terms how much this is harming them," then you
               | are going to lose.
        
         | frays wrote:
         | I wonder if Google will talk about the rise of AI-powered
         | competitors (ChatGPT, Bing, etc) as part of the search
         | landscape to help defend their case.
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | If they don't they should fire their lawyers. (They will.)
        
         | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
         | Look, I'm not informed or an expert here, but if it's being
         | given away for free, then the search itself is not the
         | "product". The way I understand it, Google's monopoly is over
         | the ad market.
         | 
         | Stoller wrote a book on the subject which I never properly got
         | through in its entirety, but it included a deep dive on what a
         | monopoly is. You are correct - market share is not an anti-
         | trust violation in it's own. My assumption is that they will be
         | arguing over whether Google is exercising its total control
         | over the system to prevent competition from emerging, and using
         | that control to extract all the value for itself. All while
         | crippling functionality for the customers, not us search engine
         | users in this case - but the advertisers.
        
           | TheCoelacanth wrote:
           | > You are correct - market share is not an anti-trust
           | violation in it's own.
           | 
           | I think that entire line of jurisprudence is a tragic
           | mistake.
           | 
           | The wording of the law is crystal clear: "shall not
           | monopolize", not "shall not monopolize unless it's just a
           | really good product".
           | 
           | A 95% market share should not be allowed under any
           | circumstances.
        
             | huitzitziltzin wrote:
             | There are a whole bunch of edge cases you aren't thinking
             | about. Markets can be highly local (hospital markets, eg.),
             | firms go out of business, new products enter new markets
             | (smart phones, tablets), even defining "the market" is hard
             | (does Sirius XM have a meaningful "monopoly" on satellite
             | radio?). So your "make 95% market share illegal" idea is
             | quite challenging (actually impossible) to work out
        
             | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
             | That's what makes this whole subject so hard to argue. You
             | can't just be persecuted for being successful. They have to
             | prove you're actually preventing others from being
             | successful. And how the do you do that without a whole
             | bunch of wishy washy woulda coulda shoulda's?
             | 
             | And I agree that it shouldn't have been "allowed" but here
             | we are.
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | The DoJ is welcome to make a claim on monopolizing the _ad_
           | market. The case here is about monopolizing the _search_
           | market.
        
             | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
             | Isn't the whole point that they're tightly intertwined? You
             | pay to advertise in the relevant search results of your
             | customers.
        
               | huitzitziltzin wrote:
               | That's not the law, so it's irrelevant to the legal
               | issues.
        
               | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
               | I don't mean the law. I mean how the actual ad/search
               | product actually works. As a Google customer I pay them
               | to present my stuff the way I want it to my customers
               | when they search for stuff about the things I sell.
               | That's the product, no?
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | There's a 2nd, later case where the DoJ is suing Google over
           | their ad network:
           | 
           | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-
           | googl...
        
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