[HN Gopher] Immune cells fighting cancer get exhausted within ho...
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       Immune cells fighting cancer get exhausted within hours of
       encountering tumors
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2023-08-05 16:57 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theconversation.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theconversation.com)
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | It makes me wonder if there is an additional cell state or
       | ailment that will only present itself after more cancers are
       | suppressed more reliably.
       | 
       | Like the cancer state is more than just an error, its a
       | protection mechanism.
       | 
       | Since cancer treatments never address the root cause of whats
       | turning cells cancerous, only mitigating the presence and affects
       | of how many cancerous ones there are.
       | 
       | Right now, the additional state happens in too few survivors for
       | anyone to notice. Like maybe the additional state its just as
       | rare to further progress, and cancer often results in death.
       | 
       | There doesn't have to be a meaning, I just wonder if there is and
       | if it could change the approach to improve protecting the host
       | and ensuring survival.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | The cause is that DNA mutations makes the cells go "feral", and
         | turn into a new mono-cellular species that invades the body.
         | DNA can be damaged in several ways, by UV rays or mutagenic
         | chemicals, but it can also happen during cell-division. Any
         | type of damage, even micro damage, the body sustains means that
         | cells have to start dividing to repair it. But cells also
         | continuously divide to replace old ones even without damage.
         | 
         | So all in all, it's just a matter of time until you get
         | unlucky, something goes wrong and you have a cancer.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | yes, but that's not my observation unless it was intended to
           | point out why its not worth speculating further.
        
       | byteCoder wrote:
       | From my personal experience with advanced melanoma under a trial
       | at NIH almost 12 years ago, Dr. Steven Rosenberg and his research
       | team:
       | 
       | 1. Surgically resected a tumor and removed the tumor attacking T
       | cells in a lab,
       | 
       | 2. expanded them in a lab to 130 billion,
       | 
       | 3. returned them to me after making me immunosuppressed, and
       | 
       | 4. kick started my new immune system with high-dose IL-2.
       | 
       | Within three months, my tumors were essentially gone.
       | 
       | I've been cancer-free since.
       | 
       | It seems to me that the body doesn't have enough of the right T
       | cells to fight the mutated, cancerous cells.
        
         | Confiks wrote:
         | Was your case publicized? [1] looks quite similar but is a case
         | from two years earlier. Similar procedure?
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000649712...
        
           | byteCoder wrote:
           | The protocol in linked study appears to be similar to the
           | melanoma therapy I underwent at NIH, except for the CAR-T
           | part.
           | 
           | The study I was part of was published in a few papers,
           | including:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295669/
        
         | tomohelix wrote:
         | That is why CAR-T and personalized medicine are some hot topics
         | right now. Essentially, the best medicine and treatment we have
         | often just expand or aid our own body capacity to fight back.
         | Cancer is especially problematic because our body often refuses
         | to fight it.
         | 
         | Training an elite team of cellular terminators is the next step
         | when the local forces are just not adequate anymore. But it is
         | still so expensive.
        
       | sufiyan wrote:
       | Is there some way to induce a cytokine storm of sorts so that
       | this weakening is essentially reduced
        
       | dillydogg wrote:
       | I'm an immunologist and I honestly can't stand tumor immunology.
       | I'm glad there are people studying it of course, but it seems
       | impossible to actually perform a reasonable experiment. Tumor
       | immunologists are so obsessed with the tumor microenvironment and
       | tumor resident immune cells and all of these other cell types
       | that are totally messed up in cancer.
       | 
       | We don't even know how these cells work when they are operating
       | perfectly! I wish there was more funding for immunology outside
       | of the context of cancer, but I find it reasonable that this
       | isn't the case.
        
         | dillydogg wrote:
         | Oh, to add, I think this is pretty interesting given my
         | aversion to tumor immunology. I've seen trends in the field
         | about changing the definition of what an exhausted cell is. I
         | haven't read the primary research but they allude to using
         | sequencing based approaches which are cool/more sophisticated
         | compared to previous surface marker ones.
        
         | darkclouds wrote:
         | > We don't even know how these cells work when they are
         | operating perfectly!
         | 
         | And this makes me think, will lab grown meat essentially be
         | eating different types of animal cancers.
         | 
         | I dont think you have the right tools, the upgraded/improved
         | tools, like xrays and fMRI all generate new insights and from
         | those insights come new theories.
         | 
         | Which means superstitious miracles still happen because science
         | cant explain it.
        
           | tomohelix wrote:
           | Well both cancer and lab meats are infinitely dividing so in
           | some sense they are similar. But from what I know, lab meat
           | are made so that they can't support their own growth. They
           | need specific media and nutrients and they are designed to
           | not spontaneously mutate to leech these nutrients from other
           | tissues, e.g. can form blood vessels.
           | 
           | But, like they said, life find a way. BUT, the chances of
           | eating lab meat and got cancer is probably lower than say,
           | eating fried foods gives you cancer. So not an issue IMO.
           | Breathing gives you cancer too
        
             | darkclouds wrote:
             | Well the HeLa (Henrietta Lacks) cells are maintained in
             | Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and RPMI 1640 to
             | pick a few media, but I've yet to be able to find out the
             | media to grow lab meat.
             | 
             | Anyone know? I'm sure its a business confidential media so
             | I doubt it will be public knowledge which means I wont know
             | if its got enough nutrition compared to traditionally
             | organic grown meat or not. But sure its not aggressive at
             | leeching nutrients from surrounding tissue like cancer.
        
               | tomohelix wrote:
               | Just some rich media. But it is trivial to engineer the
               | cells so that they require one or two special chemicals
               | to survive. They can make it something exotic but
               | harmless so that no way you can find anything close in
               | the human body and still no concern about toxicity.
               | 
               | In short, a dead switch to the cells once they are taken
               | out of the special media to grow them.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-05 23:02 UTC)