[HN Gopher] Reduction of sulfur emissions from ships may be caus...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Reduction of sulfur emissions from ships may be causing rising sea
       temperatures
        
       Author : machdiamonds
       Score  : 383 points
       Date   : 2023-08-05 01:26 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | psychphysic wrote:
       | Whoopsie daisy.
       | 
       | Cold acidic oceans, or warm sulphur free ones?
        
       | rplst8 wrote:
       | The fact that the loss of particulate matter in the atmosphere
       | increases warming has been known for at least two decades.
       | 
       | This is not surprising to me. It started years ago when scrubbers
       | began to be installed on coal power plants and continued with low
       | sulphur diesel requirements that started 15 years ago.
        
         | developer93 wrote:
         | Depends on the size of the particle, no? Some sizes can have
         | the opposite effect afaik.
        
       | dosenbrot wrote:
       | It's off topic, but am I the only one who wanted to press the x
       | button in the top left corner to close the window?
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | Either the world accepts that nuclear energy along with wind and
       | solar is part of the solution to climate change, or we will be
       | forced into geoengineering solutions. We may have already reached
       | that point.
        
         | jonathankoren wrote:
         | We're past the point that nuclear can help.
         | 
         | We broke the planet.
         | 
         | But hey. "Needs more study." and academics are living large,
         | unlike the poor billionaires.
        
           | RandomLensman wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | nequo wrote:
             | It came broken in the mail?
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | It broke many times throughout its history. There is just
               | zero evidence that we cannot adjust, mitigate, prevent
               | etc. - otherwise we might as well do nothing because we
               | are all doomed anyway.
        
               | nequo wrote:
               | I read your comment as meaning that humans are not
               | responsible for climate change. But now I think you meant
               | that humans may be responsible but they can fix it. Well,
               | all I can say is that I hope that they can.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | You say zero evidence. Would you like to review a graph
               | of global CO2 emissions over the last 30 years?
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Irrelevant to what humans can do. If anything speaks to
               | human geoengineering ability.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | Bullshit. It clearly shows humans unwillingness to engage
               | with the problem, with no evidence as of yet to support
               | the notion that this will change in any meaningful way at
               | any arbitrary future date. It certainly does not
               | demonstrate any latent ability to curb the problems
               | created by elevated greenhouse gas emissions.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | That is just unhappiness with how and when it's tackled
               | not that it won't be tackled.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | I mean if you want to proceed from a faith-based position
               | that's a personal choice. Personally I'll start believing
               | in bigfoot 2 seconds after I see one.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | I have honestly no idea how that relates to my post.
               | There are enormous amounts of money flowing into net
               | zero, for example. There are people working on fusion,
               | there is more thought given to geoengineering - to name
               | just a couple of things.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | We've been 20 years away from fusion for 80 years now.
               | 
               | Maybe someday, sure. But saying fusion is going to save
               | us is foolish. We can't wait that long
        
             | saltymug76 wrote:
             | Don't feed the shill/troll people.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | In order to break the planet a lot more is necessary. We
               | created some problems but the planet is far from broken.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | The planet will be fine. People, animals, plants in many
               | countries will be fucked though.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | I don't share that pessimistic outlook. Lots of things
               | already happening.
        
           | BenFranklin100 wrote:
           | This is defeatist and also not true. We adopt nuclear, invest
           | in carbon capture technologies, and employ geoengineering
           | strategies as needed until fusion comes online. This is a
           | solvable technical problem with significant political
           | hurdles.
        
             | teamonkey wrote:
             | > adopt nuclear
             | 
             | Not possible in the timescales required.
             | 
             | > carbon capture technologies
             | 
             | Don't exist.
             | 
             | > geoengineering strategies
             | 
             | Unproven and potentially catastrophic.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | There is no reason to believe that fusion power will be
             | cheap.
        
             | czbond wrote:
             | Thank you for being optimistic and realistic concurrently.
             | We need more people to have such approaches to the topic.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | Optimism != realistic.
               | 
               | Optimism is what got us in this mess.
        
             | jaggederest wrote:
             | Nuclear is dead, it's better to install 10x as much solar
             | and batteries right now. "Carbon capture" is also highly
             | dubious. Direct air capture is the only realistic version
             | and it'll take a significant portion of world GDP (8% to
             | 20%) on an ongoing basis, which we are not spending. I'll
             | keep you posted when that changes. Fusion is not coming
             | online in our lifetimes.
             | 
             | We're not headed for +8C, but we're never going to see +1C
             | or below again in our lifetimes. Maybe in the 2300s they'll
             | have it under control.
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | Dude. Nuclear takes decades to build, and that's IF you can
             | even build it. There's zero appetite for it in the US or
             | even formerly nuclear happy Europe. We're literally
             | decommissioning more reactors than we build.
             | 
             | Carbon capture doesn't work. Even if you did manage to
             | capture it from a coal plant, that's not enough. You have
             | to suck it from the air, and a scalable technology doesn't
             | exist, and even if it did, we'd need massive amounts of
             | power to do it, because you're literally up against the
             | second law of thermodynamics.
             | 
             | And even if you did have all that stuff today, you'd have
             | to deploy it faster than exponential growth!
             | 
             | I'm aorry, but you can't just yell, "SCIENCE!" and expect
             | it work. It ain't magic, and the clock has expired. If we
             | listened 50 years ago, and started then, yeah, maybe we'd
             | be in a fighting chance. It's sure as hell like we didn't
             | know that check was coming due. Now acting like we can just
             | reverse a century and a half of exponential growth in a
             | weekend is naive at best, and "thoughts and prayers" level
             | of "fuck you" at worst.
        
               | fullspectrumdev wrote:
               | Better to do something (build nuclear) than do nothing
               | (cry on twitter).
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | You should do something that actually has a chance to
               | work, rather than feel good about doing something that
               | that doesn't.
               | 
               | When your house is on fire, you don't start shopping for
               | sprinklers saying, "Good news everyone! The sprinkler
               | system will be installed in three weeks!", instead of
               | calling the fire department
        
             | forgetfreeman wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | I mean that seems to be naturally happening anyway? All
               | major economies are under replacement rate and China for
               | example is on a large downward population trajectory.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | Global overpopulation is absolutely a part of the
               | equation, and everyone is deeply uncomfortable talking
               | about it because there are no palatable solutions to that
               | specific problem.
               | 
               | Humans, as a species, exhibit all the damaging properties
               | of a cancerous growth, and our habitat can no longer
               | support us. As George Carlin said: the planet will be
               | fine, it's the humans that are fucked!
        
               | epivosism wrote:
               | This seems a bit out of date. I think you need to mention
               | how you feel about below replacement TFR in most of the
               | world to make this position understandable.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | Good point. As per wiki:
               | 
               | > As of 2020, the total fertility rate for the world is
               | 2.3. The global TFR has declined rapidly since the 1960s,
               | and some forecasters like Sanjeev Sanyal argue that the
               | effective global fertility rate will fall below global
               | replacement rate, estimated to be 2.3, in the 2020s. This
               | would stabilize world population sometime during the
               | period 2050-2070. The United Nations predicts that global
               | fertility will continue to decline for the remainder of
               | this century and reach a below-replacement level of 1.8
               | by 2100, and that world population will peak during the
               | period 2084-2088.
               | 
               | Whilst there is obviously nuance here, even assuming that
               | world population peaks well before 2088, that means we
               | still have a lot of growth to support until that time,
               | and then we have many generations to go before we see a
               | decline to a point where this planet can reasonably be
               | expected to sustain us. Do you believe, given the pace of
               | change we are seeing in this environments' systems,
               | viewed in the context of the actual tangible change we
               | are implementing to mitigate the negative impacts to us
               | as a species, that there is enough time for that?
               | 
               | EDIT: for some perspective, see also the current
               | headcount: https://www.worldometers.info/world-
               | population/ and expected future headcount:
               | https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-
               | populat...
        
               | ido wrote:
               | We're already heading towards a peak mid-century and then
               | a slow decline of global populations based on existing
               | trends.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | Correct. As per my edit in my other response in this
               | thread, we would still be at 10+ billion in 2100. It
               | isn't like "oh, hey, don't worry, it's going down guys!"
               | We should absolutely worry.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | The solution is well understood: universal education and
               | readily available birth control. It's already working in
               | the more developed economies.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | Absolutely. Now all we need is politicians and their
               | constituents around the globe to get on board with this.
               | 
               | Again with the George Carlin quotes though (watch the
               | clip "it's a big club") most governments are not _that_
               | interested in a deeply educated general population, _or_
               | birth control. Where are we going to get all of our
               | obedient little workers from?
               | 
               | So not holding my breath :)
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | That this is a solution remains to be seen. Does this
               | result in net negative population growth? The evidence
               | seems to suggest it does. Will it result in a sharp
               | enough decline in total population numbers fast enough to
               | mean anything? That seems unlikely.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | Humanity has not "broken" the planet; to argue such is the
           | epitome of conceit. We are not special nor powerful.
           | 
           | Humanity is just one of many lifeforms the planet had, has,
           | and will have over the course of its vast existence
           | transcending any human sense of time.
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | We can all take comfort in your wise words that a ball of
             | rock will still be here even after the planet has become
             | literally unlivable for humans across vast swaths of
             | previously populated areas, and the planet violent has
             | undergone a completely predictable and preventable
             | ecological collapse.
             | 
             | Yes. Very wise.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Based on the tweet (is that what we call them?), wouldn't super
         | crappy oil burning power stations be a temporary solution?
         | 
         | What a time to be alive.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | There are lots of nuclear reactors being built world wide
         | currently. The problem is that it takes forever to build
         | nuclear reactors and we would need twenty times as much nuclear
         | as we have right now just to replace coal. An additional twenty
         | times as much as we have now to replace oil. And an additional
         | fifteen times as much as we have right now to replace gas.
         | Nuclear is not particularly cheap either.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | Renewables still have a grid level storage issue. Having
           | enough nuclear as a backbone would be the best we can do
           | right now until battery tech catches up
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | "Right now" is incompatible with nuclear. It takes at least
             | a decade to build a nuclear power plant. By that time we
             | can have a lot of hydrogen storage and electrolysis.
        
           | gcoakes wrote:
           | Are those real numbers? Also, do you mean additive or
           | multiplicative (i.e.: 20 + 20 + 15 vs. 20 * 20 * 15).
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | We have about 2500TWh/a of nuclear worldwide. 42000TWh/a
             | coal, 48000TWh/a oil, and 38000TWh/a gas. Give or take a
             | few thousand TWh.
        
               | sassy_quat wrote:
               | [dead]
        
           | Krssst wrote:
           | That's why you build non-dispatchable renewables at the same
           | time. NREs can help quickly reduce emissions when there's
           | wind/sun, and when nuclear reactors are online you can
           | finally bury the coal plants that were running during
           | windless nights.
        
           | askvictor wrote:
           | Where do you get those numbers from? In terms of total energy
           | use, perhaps. But oil accounts for about 3% for electricity
           | generation, compared to coal's 36%
           | [https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-balances-
           | overview/w...]. Most oil is used for transport, so dropping
           | that would increase electricity demand, though a lot of that
           | doesn't need to be dispatchable, and there might be
           | efficiencies gained moving to electric. Similarly with gas
           | and heating (gas is used for electricity generation a lot
           | more than oil though).
           | 
           | Also, the same site shows nuclear as about 10% of the
           | electricity generation mix worldwide; unless there's about 5x
           | as much coal being used for steel-making and other non-
           | electricity purposes, then the numbers would be around 5x
           | instead of 20x.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | I google for world primary energy use. You're right that
             | electrification reduces primary energy use. That's of
             | course true for coal and gas as well.
        
         | kouru225 wrote:
         | As with all things I feel like a little from column A, a little
         | from column B
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Quip: But when the patient's temp is high enough, everyone in
           | the ER knows that you gotta go straight to the ice-water
           | bath.
           | 
           | How many square miles of solar reflector could each Starship
           | launch carry to a stable-ish region near the Earth-Sun L1
           | point?
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | Reflectors act as solar sails and hence need a fuel supply
             | to stay put.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | They need active guidance systems. Being solar sails -
               | with a competent design, they can be trimmed (small
               | portions of the sails moved with electric motors to
               | adjust the forces from the sun) for station-keeping.
        
         | ido wrote:
         | Why not both?
        
         | rgmerk wrote:
         | New nuclear energy, at least in the places where most of the HN
         | readership is concentrated, has very little to contribute as an
         | incremental solution to climate change.
         | 
         | Now that Vogtle 3 & 4 are complete or almost so, there is
         | essentially no new nuclear power plants under construction in
         | the United States.
         | 
         | Europe? The long-delayed Flamanville 3 and Hinkley Point C1 and
         | C2.
         | 
         | Canada? Nothing.
         | 
         | Australia? Nothing.
         | 
         | There won't be any additional new nuclear plants built in any
         | of those regions before 2040 (which is only 17 years away)
         | 
         | We will have to almost completely decarbonize our electricity
         | grids by 2035-2040 if the world is going to get net zero by
         | 2050 (which is probably not enough to avoid the need for
         | geoengineering anyway).
        
       | keepamovin wrote:
       | People need to stop over emphasizing the control and effect that
       | humanity has over the environment. There's cycles in the earth
       | that occur over millions of years and thousands of years.
       | 
       | It's almost pathological how much people wanna believe they have
       | control and are the cause of some thing. Stop putting humanity at
       | the center of the universe. We're not the cause of everything.
       | Sometimes we're just the beneficiary of some external effect.
       | 
       | This could be a solar forcing a effect that's interacting with
       | other systems.
       | 
       | Or perhaps the evidence in this case is clear that it is 100%
       | only influenced by reduction in sulfur emissions from ships. But
       | my point is more philosophical one or ideological one rather than
       | fact-based necessarily, which is not important because I think
       | there's a pathological approach to centering humanity as
       | causative factor for everything when there's probably a lot of
       | other causes that it's scientific to be open to consider.
        
       | AJRF wrote:
       | I'd wager a lot of money we've not seen that last of humanity
       | screwing around with the climate in well-intentioned but bad-
       | outcome ways.
       | 
       | Is there a name for this phenomenon of harmful actions because by
       | an "increase" of understanding of the underlying system?
       | 
       | I imagine there are similar outcomes in many areas, politics,
       | economics, code bases. Kind of like requiring helmets (protect
       | personal health) for cycling leading to less cyclists (poorer
       | health outcomes for a population)
        
       | stainablesteel wrote:
       | interesting thread, so the multitudinal effects of gas output
       | came back with more nuance than anyone expected.
       | 
       | the oversimplified explanations of "this gas bad" are finally
       | worth collapsing because nothing only ever does _just one thing_.
       | 
       | on the bright side, if this cloud seeding business helps keep
       | everything cooled, i suppose that's a good takeaway.
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | https://nitter.net/hankgreen/status/1687535525169930241 (working
       | link for those without account)
       | 
       | It's an interesting observation but I would want to know if
       | bunker emissions from ships matched coal emissions from high
       | sulfur coal or diesel emissions prior to the around year 2007
       | transition from low sulfur diesel to ultra low sulfur diesel had
       | as much of an impact. Remember there was a huge concern for acid
       | rain in the 1980's and 1990's and cutting atmospheric SO2 pretty
       | much eliminated it.
       | 
       | Not discounting that coal is terrible for lots of reasons but
       | there's a ton of variability on types of coal. One of the core
       | reasons the coal industry pulled out of Appalachia is there were
       | lower-sulfur deposits out in Wyoming... Some gov data:
       | https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37752
       | 
       | EDIT: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/emissions-
       | of-... Transportation is a small % of emissions compared to
       | energy generation. There's been a regional shift though as North
       | America moved to sulfur controls earlier for energy generation
       | (1990) than Europe, and Asia has begun to climb as these regions
       | went into decline.
        
       | 38 wrote:
       | Non crap link
       | 
       | http://farside.link/twitter.com/hankgreen/status/16875355251...
        
       | moultano wrote:
       | This article suggests it probably isn't the main cause:
       | https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-low-sulphur-shippin...
       | 
       | There was also an underwater volcano that put a lot of water
       | vapor in the upper atmosphere that could be a culprit. (On top of
       | the ongoing trend of warming of course.)
       | https://www.carbonbrief.org/tonga-volcano-eruption-raises-im...
        
       | zith wrote:
       | Climate models take this into account [0], contrary to what some
       | people here seem to imply. It is also very likely that this is
       | part of, but not the major factor of recent warming. [1]
       | 
       | I would like to point out that this is not something we're just
       | figuring out "this week" as Hank Green seems to want to frame it.
       | 
       | There's no need to sensationalize. There is no conspiracy here.
       | This is well known. It's good to educate people, but it sucks
       | that even good educators have to crawl in the click-bait mud to
       | reach people.
       | 
       | [0] https://twitter.com/hausfath/status/1444679408573419520
       | 
       | [1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-low-sulphur-
       | shippin...
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | It's well known among scientists.
         | 
         | But global warming is a very major political issue, and those
         | who determine what will be done about it - voters and
         | politicians - have on average zero clues about it.
        
         | zeroonetwothree wrote:
         | It's reasonable to be skeptical since past climate models (eg
         | from 20 years ago) didn't do great over the subsequent period.
         | It could be that current ones are much better (but we won't
         | know for a while).
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | What has changed in 20 years? Realistically.
           | 
           | When we're the ClimateGate emails? Do you think the industry
           | got itself together after that?
        
           | jshen wrote:
           | Can you link to these models from 20 years ago?
        
           | conception wrote:
           | I don't think this is the case at all -
           | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/climate-models-have-been-
           | impres...
        
         | jjallen wrote:
         | yeah unfortunately if some people are click-baity it makes it
         | where basically everyone has to be if they want to maximize
         | their views/revenue on YouTube.
        
           | indigochill wrote:
           | > ...if they want to maximize their views/revenue on YouTube.
           | 
           | Thankfully YouTube is not the only way of educating people.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | We all have a responsibility to be the strongest possible
           | advocates of our own opinions
        
             | adamesque wrote:
             | We absolutely do not. We have a responsibility to seek out
             | the truth and act in the interest of the common good. Quite
             | often this means NOT strongly or blindly advocating our own
             | opinions when our knowledge is incomplete or motivated by
             | self-interest. Many times our responsibility is to advocate
             | someone else's opinion or present multiple options.
             | 
             | I have many many opinions and very few of them would
             | benefit from my strongest advocacy.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Why would you hold opinions that you don't think would
               | benefit from your strongest advocacy? Why believe things
               | yourself that you don't think other people should
               | believe?
               | 
               | To be clear, I'm not saying that you should strongly
               | advocate for other people to strongly believe things that
               | you only weakly believe. But you should strongly advocate
               | for other people to weakly believe those things.
               | Furthermore, I don't think strong advocacy implies
               | closing your mind to differing opinions. You can be a
               | strong advocate for your current viewpoint while also
               | being willing to change your mind.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >Why would you hold opinions that you don't think would
               | benefit from your strongest advocacy? Why believe things
               | yourself that you don't think other people should
               | believe?
               | 
               | I am an atheist. As such, I _strongly_ believe that there
               | is no  "omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent 'creator'."
               | 
               | However, regardless of how strongly I hold that opinion
               | (especially as it, in almost every respect, reflects our
               | understanding of the universe and how it works), I don't
               | do any atheism "advocacy," nor do I proselytize an
               | atheistic viewpoint -- despite the fact that I see belief
               | systems that include such a creator, all of them not just
               | the Abrahamic religions, to be demonstrably false.
               | 
               | Another strongly held opinion of mine is that it's not
               | _my_ responsibility to disabuse others of their
               | misconceptions in that respect.
               | 
               | Based on your statement, it seems that you would claim
               | (incorrectly) that I don't hold my views as to the
               | (non-)existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent
               | creator, as well as my aversion to attempting to force
               | such views down the throats of others. strongly at all.
               | Is that the case, or am I misunderstanding your point?
               | 
               | Edit: Fixed typo.
        
         | zagrebian wrote:
         | If Hank was less excited about it, the video would not reach
         | nearly as many viewers, so from an educational perspective,
         | he's succeeding at educating many more people about this topic.
         | It matters less when we "figured this out". The educational
         | value is in the details.
        
           | gregoriol wrote:
           | It's good that he presents it in a way that is interesting to
           | many; but it would be better if he was more accurate in
           | saying that it is interesting but not something new we just
           | found out though
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | And there absolutely is a need to sensationalize.
           | 
           | This is a big problem and requires serious political will,
           | whether to pull off mass cloud seeding, make more sun/nuclear
           | energy or reduce the usage of something important like air
           | travel or heating.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | The same climate models that predict a "missing" volcanic
         | eruption?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808_mystery_eruption
        
           | superb_dev wrote:
           | These volcanic eruptions haven't been predicted, we found
           | evidence of them in ice cores
        
       | Kikawala wrote:
       | Reminds me of something similar in Termination Shock by Neal
       | Stephenson.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_Shock_(novel)
        
         | another_bear wrote:
         | Does he do that thing where 1/2 or 3/4 of the way though he
         | resets the story completely leaving you with absolutely no
         | emotional attachment to the resolution of the plot?
         | 
         | *Cough*seveneves, fall or dodge....those are the only ones I
         | could stand more than a few pages. Sorry I just cannot bear to
         | read anymore of his novels. The first few pages of Anathem I
         | can hear him building a house in his own anal cavity. We get
         | it, Niel, you know some big words. We all do.
        
       | hnuser0000 wrote:
       | This lacks scientific models or sources that quantify the
       | magnitude of the reduction in ship tracks and the resulting
       | impact on sea temperatures. They are not in the science.org
       | article[1] he links either.
       | 
       | Usually posts with little evidence and the use of the phrase "may
       | be causing" result in flagged posts, but not when it fits a
       | certain narrative?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.science.org/content/article/changing-clouds-
       | unfo...
        
         | ankit219 wrote:
         | See this thread:
         | https://twitter.com/LeonSimons8/status/1633566568528375811
         | 
         | It still lacks scientific models, though it is too recent a
         | phenomenon for us to have an accurate modelling. Even then, in
         | the last three years we had La Nina which kept the temperatures
         | cold, while this year it's el Nino which is increasing the
         | effect.
         | 
         | Leon Simons presented his findings in front of aerosol society.
         | 
         | I also wanted to ask, what is the certain narrative it fits?
        
         | nosefurhairdo wrote:
         | Towards the end of that article were links to a few studies.
         | Here's the first linked study I found:
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05122-0
        
           | hnuser0000 wrote:
           | That study says little about fewer ship tracks causing sea
           | warming and nothing about the magnitude of any possible sea
           | warming.
        
             | nosefurhairdo wrote:
             | If you'd made it through the abstract you would have read
             | how ship tracks cause cooling.
        
       | dmbche wrote:
       | Related article from 2018 if anyone wants to read more
       | :https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/01/22/67402/were-about...
        
         | taftster wrote:
         | Thank you. I honestly had no context for the discussion, the
         | linked tweet didn't really much help. This article helped clear
         | up the concept and I appreciate the link.
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | The first tweet has a picture (graph) that shows the North
           | Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly data over the past
           | few decades, and the data for so far in 2023 is significantly
           | higher than any previous year. That's the context.
           | 
           | The linked tweet was also the first in a thread which went on
           | to establish the rest of what people are discussing. Twitter
           | only shows the first tweet if you're not logged in though, so
           | you may have reasonably thought it didn't continue beyond
           | that.
        
           | Marcan wrote:
           | There is also this video from Hank Green discussing this
           | topic a little more:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/dk8pwE3IByg
        
       | calderknight wrote:
       | Roko has been talking about this for a while. Definitely super
       | interesting.
        
       | victorbstan wrote:
       | Sounds like some excuse from shipping companies to avoid cleaning
       | up their act.
        
       | uxamanda wrote:
       | For anyone interested in a near-future sci-fi look at how sulfur
       | as a form of geoengineering might play out, check out out
       | Termination Shock by Neal Stephenson[0]. The title[1] refers to
       | what happens when you suddenly stop an effort like that...
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_Shock_(novel)
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_geoengineering#Maintenan...
        
         | epivosism wrote:
         | Read counts:                 Snow Crash (3)        The Diamond
         | Age (1)        Anathem (2)        Cryptonomicon (3/4)
         | Baroque cycle (2/3)        Seveneves (2)        Reamde (2)
         | The rise and fall of D.O.D.O (9/10)        Fall or Dodge in
         | hell (1/2)        Termination shock (1/3)
        
           | jojoo wrote:
           | Are the fractions ongoing efforts or did you drop it?
           | 
           | re-reads for me:
           | 
           | Diamond Age (4) (I'm an educator), Cryptonomicon (2), Baroc
           | cycle (2)
           | 
           | However i plan to re-read Anathem in paralell with my second
           | re-read of Russels A History of Western Philosophy. Really
           | looking forward to this one.
        
             | epivosism wrote:
             | Unfortunately I can't get as into the later ones, so those
             | are me giving up
        
         | siwatanejo wrote:
         | I'm still kinda surprised that no novel from Neal have become
         | films or TV shows yet.
        
           | zwily wrote:
           | There's been talk of a Seveneves movie or mini series for
           | years....
        
             | adzm wrote:
             | Snow Crash has passed hands a few times as well.
        
             | epivosism wrote:
             | The final 1/3 of the book would be an _amazing_ role-
             | playing scenario. When you think about it, it 's almost
             | designed that way. The underground area, the floaters, the
             | various "classes" of people we meet, their interesting
             | combinations...
        
               | Vecr wrote:
               | I think the final 1/3rd of that book is actually a
               | horrible situation to actually be in. "Someone else's
               | dream" for sure.
        
               | epivosism wrote:
               | Have you played Dungeons and Dragons? It's not supposed
               | to be fun as a place to really live, living in a land
               | harassed by monsters, demons, no security, etc. It's an
               | interesting scenario to explore creativity and conflict
               | in difficult situations.
        
               | Vecr wrote:
               | Sure, but imagine if a D&D setting was an actual world
               | that somehow survived long enough to start implementing
               | countermeasures (remember the last 1/3rd of this book is
               | set thousands of years in the future, so reasonably
               | analogous). If the Player Characters decide they don't
               | want to bother with a problem, it would have to be solved
               | with other methods, like massive use of defoliants (think
               | agent orange) and pesticides, bunker buster bombs (think
               | MOP, if deliverable with enough precision), and as a last
               | resort, dropping massive thermobaric weapons to destroy
               | entire cities, possibly repeatedly, and then setting up
               | miles wide demilitarized zones in a circle around the
               | incident zone with kill-on-sight orders and automated
               | turrets and tracking systems, if feasible with the tech
               | available. Obviously a few Player Characters can't handle
               | everything, so it would be reasonable common as an
               | ordinary person to find out the next city over no longer
               | exists and they have just been drafted to man the "human
               | side" of the newly created DMZ.
        
               | epivosism wrote:
               | You're right, I had assumed some kind of general peace
               | for the resettlement of the surface of the planet. Given
               | that, there would be some lawlessness, but at least no
               | orbital strikes/nukes.
               | 
               | I was more thinking about various types of agents from
               | the people living in space, all infiltrating each other,
               | traitors to their own types, double agents, weird
               | combinations etc. Plus mysterious people nobody can place
               | - who turn out to be agents from the submarine/hot air
               | balloon groups. And vice versa.
               | 
               | The land is now mostly open and clear, right? So there
               | will be new populations, settlements being started down
               | on the surface. A resource race, with possibly high-tech
               | stuff lying around, relics from the lost civilization!
               | 
               | Player characters could start off as an alleged group of
               | "explorers for sites for new cities" put together by a
               | newly established base - but actually one is trying to
               | divert them away from the hidden holy site of the
               | mineshaft people, where he came from, the other is a spy
               | from a lost faction of the brain people who are outlawed
               | in space now, another is trying to fulfill a 5000 year
               | family promise he received from his father, that when he
               | could, to go to a certain place and say a certain prayer,
               | etc.
               | 
               | There is just huge diversity of backgrounds and tech, and
               | a large, unexplored environment potentially full of
               | strange treasures!
        
       | peyton wrote:
       | It does sound like a relatively small change yielded an outsized
       | impact on the climate. This gives me hope for future climate
       | solutions.
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | It probably shouldn't. Unless those solutions happen to be an
         | unintended byproduct of some other global-scale profit making
         | activity.
        
       | barbazoo wrote:
       | X's threads make even less sense now unless you think everyone
       | you want to reach is on X.
       | 
       | Also, just what a dumb name.
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | To be fair it was a great name for a windowing system.
        
         | guessmyname wrote:
         | I will continue calling them Twitter threads, since the domain
         | is still twitter[dot]com.
        
           | klhutchins wrote:
           | Yeah, it still needs to be called twitter, even if it makes
           | you seem out of the loop.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | You don't have to call it X.
        
           | erictd wrote:
           | I'll call it Xitter.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | The X is pronounced with the SH sound.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Or it could be Albanian.
        
           | PradeetPatel wrote:
           | I'm a bit out of the loop here, but is the letter "X" a part
           | of Elon's company branding? Since that's not the first time
           | he used the letter "X" in that manner.
           | 
           | The single letter "X" is brimming with symbolism and
           | implications. Without further explanation we may never know
           | why the rebranding was necessary.
        
             | dangrossman wrote:
             | He made his fortune with x.com. That was the online bank he
             | founded then merged with Confinity to become PayPal in
             | 2000, and it was the PayPal IPO that allowed him to invest
             | in Tesla and SpaceX. He's fond enough of his old company
             | name that he bought the domain back years ago, and is now
             | repurposing it.
        
               | PradeetPatel wrote:
               | Thank you for the thorough explanation! For the longest
               | time I thought he was a founder of Tesla and Space.
        
               | atkailash wrote:
               | [dead]
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | Unfortunately, "X" in the context of Elon only brings to
             | mind his SUV of the same name.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | He's a bit fixated on that letter.
               | 
               | X.com (banking company that eventually became Paypal)
               | 
               | SpaceX
               | 
               | Tesla models S 3 X Y
               | 
               | Baby born in May of 2020: X AE A-12 (
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52557291 https:/
               | /www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/202...
               | )
        
             | js8 wrote:
             | The rebranding was neccessary because Larry & Sergey got
             | their ABC and Zuck went Meta. It's just a d**-measuring
             | contest.
        
         | robryan wrote:
         | Where else would they put it to reach more people?
        
           | aCoreyJ wrote:
           | He also made a YouTube video on this
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/dk8pwE3IByg
        
           | wokwokwok wrote:
           | Why does it have to reach lots of people? Does it reach lots
           | of people?
           | 
           | If you have an opinion about Science, maybe "10 massively
           | under reported things about science you need to click on now"
           | is more about clickbait and driving people to your YouTube
           | channel than actual science? The last tweet in this thread is
           | literally a link off to some YouTube thing to earn those
           | sweet sweet ad $$$.
           | 
           | Does 20000 likes on Twitter mean people are listening to you?
           | 
           | ... or just self satisfaction from being upvotes by bots?
           | 
           | Since posting on X now _actively excludes_ real people (Ie.
           | Anyone not logged in), it seems kind of stupid as a place to
           | post science news these days?
           | 
           | Even if it does reach a wider audience, do they care, and
           | act, or just <3 and move on?
           | 
           | It's just _easy and lazy_ to post to X.
           | 
           | I find it hard to take people selling their shit on X
           | seriously.
           | 
           | It is 100% nothing to do with science.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | Somewhere that doesn't require people to sign up.
        
       | skymast wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | nologic01 wrote:
       | The enthusiasm with geoengineering among the HN community is
       | worrisome. Not sure which computing analogy would drive home the
       | complete recklessness of this mentality but the Earth is not
       | something you can reboot to the last working state once you
       | harebrained patch implodes.
       | 
       | It is true that we have been slowly geoengineering for ages
       | (initially unwittingly, recently with eyes wide open) and it is
       | also true that our modeling abilities increase but this is quite
       | far from making us experts in geoengineering.
       | 
       | For the short term future (decades) the only strategy that seems
       | to make sense on the face of epistemic uncertainty is to refrain
       | from aggravating the situation while studying ever more deeply
       | the system we are now perturbing so much.
       | 
       | Our biggest mental deficiency when handling complexity is that we
       | cant think holistically in practical ways. Isolating individual
       | factors and applying linear thinking has worked wonders in
       | isolated problems but it is not cutting it here.
        
         | gilbetron wrote:
         | We already are performing geoengineering on the Earth, as you
         | point out. We can't not do geoengineering anymore. Either we
         | can continue the geoengineering we have been doing, or change
         | the geoengineering to work towards some other goal, but there
         | isn't an option where we don't do geoengineering. If you are
         | driving a car towards what you think might be a cliff, you
         | can't choose not to drive. You can continue driving the way you
         | are, you can turn, you can brake, but you can't not drive.
         | 
         | Anything we choose to do will require geoengineering. We can
         | continue dumping CO2 into the air, which is geoengineering. We
         | can try to make our atmosphere more reflective, which is
         | geoengineering. We can try to pull carbon out of the
         | atmosphere, which is geoengineering. We can try to completely
         | stop putting CO2 in the air, which is geoengineering. We need
         | to change the state of Earth, which, pretty much by definition,
         | is geoengineering.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | > The enthusiasm with geoengineering among the HN community is
         | worrisome.
         | 
         | It reflects the gravity of the situation. What I find
         | incomprehensible is a reluctance to consider investigating such
         | steps when the extremes of climate model forecasts are so
         | horrific.
        
         | nostrebored wrote:
         | The more radical geoengineering ideas, like deflecting sunlight
         | from space, are truly potential extinction level events that
         | should be regulated out of existence. This should not be some
         | VC funded endeavor.
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | You're really underestimating how much sun blocking would be
           | needed to kill off humans.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | > This should not be some VC funded endeavor.
           | 
           | How would it be VC funded? Where would the return on
           | investment hypothetically come from? If you could produce
           | localised effects while being able to turn them on or off
           | then maybe you could charge for it as a service, but is that
           | at all realistic?
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | I'm no great fan of geoengineering, _however_ ...
           | 
           | The idea to inflate space foam reflective bubbles to reduce
           | incoming sunlight is one of the saner geoengineering
           | proposals:
           | 
           | * It can start small and grow to measure incremental effect,
           | 
           | * It's orthogonal to any unintended effects as it happens in
           | isolation and isn't deeply coupled to things unknown in the
           | same sense as aerosols and atmospheric chemistry is.
           | 
           | * It's reversable as bubbles can be popped and no longer
           | exist to reflect and have an effect.
           | 
           | > This should not be some VC funded endeavor.
           | 
           | Yeah, on this we can agree- a high degree of global nation
           | state consensus is what's called for with most climate action
           | .. like the 1970s UN agreements that got effectively sunk by
           | unending Koch et al oil bro's negative media campaigning and
           | lobbying.
           | 
           | 'Lone' capitalists do seem to have undue sway in matters that
           | impact billions.
        
         | sfvisser wrote:
         | I highly doubt many proponents of geoengineering think in terms
         | of rebooting or isolating individual factors.
         | 
         | The appeal of geoengineering is you can nudge specific systems
         | slowly into another direction. You can start small and observe
         | expected effects and unwanted side-effects.
         | 
         | Reduction of sulfer emissions by ships is an interesting
         | starting point to learn something.
        
           | wnkrshm wrote:
           | Starting small doesn't work if you have a nonlinear system.
           | In nonlinear systems, the magnitude of a perturbance isn't
           | linearly related to the absorbed effect.
           | 
           | So in the worst case: small input, giant irreversible effect.
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | Control of nonlinear systems is common, in this case we'd
             | be starting small by putting the system back to the state
             | it was in when the sulfur were there. Additionally,
             | removing an input can have an outsized effect as we saw
             | here, so your philosophy seems to require a do nothing
             | approach. Is that what you mean?
             | 
             | Of course that's impossible to do since the world itself is
             | doing things like erupting volcanos, shifting plates,
             | melting glaciers, and redirecting ocean currents.
        
           | Kuinox wrote:
           | It is accidental geo-engineering.
        
         | jabbany wrote:
         | > Not sure which computing analogy
         | 
         | Probably akin to "testing in production". But, as is in
         | computing, it's still done all the time despite the dangers.
        
         | sz3 wrote:
         | There is no alternative.
         | 
         | We _have_ "aggravated the situation" (as you put it) beyond
         | recovery. Doing nothing will now _surely_ lead to an
         | unacceptable outcome. We are going to have to fix it, or resign
         | ourselves to a huge shrinking of the habitable region of the
         | planet, with the hunger /famine/war that will accompany that.
         | 
         | Obviously we can always make things worse. But when doing
         | nothing is unacceptable, we have to start taking risks.
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | > huge shrinking of the habitable region of the planet.
           | 
           | How big? 1%? 10%? 50%?
           | 
           | This matters.
        
           | Turskarama wrote:
           | You have absolutely no idea if the "solutions" we try won't
           | lead to even worse outcomes.
           | 
           | Up until the point climate change is becoming an existential
           | threat, which it isn't yet, we shouldn't go doing anything
           | too drastic. There is plenty of evidence that we can still
           | avert the worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | Why exactly do you place faith in evidence that says "we
             | can still avert the worst of it" and are not willing to do
             | the same for evidence that says "we can do even better with
             | geo-engineering"? Presumably the scale of the problem is
             | the same either way, so well-reasoned evidence should be
             | able to persuade you of either.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | > _You have absolutely no idea if the "solutions" we try
             | won't lead to even worse outcomes._
             | 
             | This is absolutely untrue.
             | 
             | The mechanisms of how SO2 in the stratosphere cools the
             | planet are well understood and empirically observed.
             | 
             | This includes the fact that it breaks down in ~2 years,
             | making it self repairing, should something unforeseen
             | happen.
        
               | oAlbe wrote:
               | > In the early 1990s, anthropogenic sulfur dominated in
               | the Northern Hemisphere, where only 16% of annual sulfur
               | emissions were natural, yet amounted for less than half
               | of the emissions in the Southern Hemisphere.
               | 
               | > Such an increase in sulfate aerosol emissions had a
               | variety of effects. At the time, the most visible one was
               | acid rain, caused by precipitation from clouds carrying
               | high concentrations of sulfate aerosols in the
               | troposphere. At its peak, acid rain has eliminated brook
               | trout and some other fish species and insect life from
               | lakes and streams in geographically sensitive areas, such
               | as Adirondack Mountains in the United States. Acid rain
               | worsens soil function as some of its microbiota is lost
               | and heavy metals like aluminium are mobilized (spread
               | more easily) while essential nutrients and minerals such
               | as magnesium can leach away because of the same.
               | Ultimately, plants unable to tolerate lowered pH are
               | killed, with montane forests being some of the worst-
               | affected ecosystems due to their regular exposure to
               | sulfate-carrying fog at high altitudes.[1]
               | 
               | Sure, let's have ~2 years of that.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | The way to do it is to release the SO2 directly into the
               | stratosphere, where it stays for ~2 years, and does not
               | affect rain, which happens far below.
        
               | clolege wrote:
               | what is this now, a quadruple negative?
               | 
               | It is untrue that they have no idea if the "solutions" we
               | try won't lead to worse outcomes
               | 
               | It is true that they have some idea that the "solutions"
               | we try won't lead to worse outcomes
               | 
               | It is true that they have some idea that the "solutions"
               | we try will lead to better outcomes.
               | 
               | I think the nuance needed here is: what do we mean by
               | "better outcomes?" It's reasonable to believe that it
               | will help lower temperatures. But is that an "outcome" in
               | and of itself?
               | 
               | If we consider the "outcome" to also include the second
               | and third order effects, I'd like to understand how
               | anyone could be certain that it will be better.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | >There is plenty of evidence that we can still avert the
             | worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.
             | 
             | And zero evidence we will...
        
               | PradeetPatel wrote:
               | This kind of defeatist attitude doesn't help with the
               | situation at all. We can all do our part in reducing our
               | daily carbon emissions, raise awareness, and educate
               | policymakers and business stakeholders on the importance
               | of mitigating climate change!
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | It's important to understand that reducing carbon
               | emissions doesn't cool the planet. It only makes the
               | future warmup slower.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | One man's defeatist attitude is another mans realistic
               | attitude. Does it help? No, it doesn't. But for the
               | defeatist and the realist alike that may no longer
               | matter. I'm 'long' on humanity, but I'm not convinced we
               | will be able to avert the looming (and for some already
               | very present) issues. My feelings are in part because of
               | how we dealt with COVID-19, if a pandemic can't get us to
               | pull the cart together then nothing can.
        
               | LatteLazy wrote:
               | You can call it defeatist, but at this point it's
               | factually true. We've made a negative amount of progress
               | on this matter. And that's taken 40 years. We have very
               | little time left. We have already locked in almost 2
               | degrees of warming.
               | 
               | These are all regrettable facts. But that are facts.
               | 
               | 40 years of raising awareness and individual action has
               | failed.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Consider me a policy maker.
               | 
               | I want to know what the costs[1] of ignoring are likely
               | to be so I can be sure it's worth the pain to ban non-
               | electric cars in 10 years, ram through nuclear power
               | plants while gutting safety regs so we can get them built
               | in less than a decade and try and threaten India and
               | China into reducing CO2 emissions. What do you tell me?
               | 
               | [1] In $, convert other units like lives into dollars as
               | need be and be sure to value lives from different
               | cultures at 0.1x as thats the expressed preferences of
               | the population based on chatitable giving figures.
        
             | realusername wrote:
             | > There is plenty of evidence that we can still avert the
             | worst of it without resorting to geoengineering.
             | 
             | We already have once in a lifetime climate event every
             | month and the carbon locked-in of the past decade still
             | hasn't kicked-in. I'd argue the complete opposite, there's
             | a lack of evidence of other options.
        
           | ironmagma wrote:
           | Doing nothing is itself a risk. Better to think of it as risk
           | in every direction, all we can do is use what we know from
           | science to choose our exit from the roundabout.
        
           | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
           | This is a good example of the lack of epistemic humility OP
           | was taking about.
        
             | sz3 wrote:
             | We don't have the time to sit back and let epistemic
             | knowledge wash over us. We know more or less what needs to
             | happen (less sunlight in, more heat out). All attempts to
             | resolve the situation require taking some risk, and it'll
             | be impossible to quantify all those risks until we try
             | them.
             | 
             | At the risk of stating the obvious: we need to measure
             | every weird idea we try, and do our best to isolate the
             | variables. Easier said than done. But we broke it, it's our
             | problem now.
             | 
             | Talking about humility: an excess of humility leads to
             | fatalism. Some is good, but not too much if you want
             | anything to happen. We're talking about fixing the
             | ecosystem of a planet, of course it's ambitious.
        
           | dougmwne wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | almostnormal wrote:
             | > You sound like someone about to perform a triple bypass
             | with a butter knife.
             | 
             | If climate change was a disease it wouldn't have an ICD
             | number, no method of diagnostic in standard literature, let
             | alone a treatment approved by the competent authority.
             | 
             | The recommended solutions would be to eat more healthy,
             | more physical activity, and something to treat the
             | symptoms.
             | 
             | There won't be a double-blind study for specific treatments
             | of earth, so any kind of idea is equally valid.
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | A modest proposal: load up all the geoengineering-of-bust
             | onto Falcon Heavies and ship them to Mars as a pilot
             | project
        
             | psychphysic wrote:
             | Or an emergency trach while us sensible folk watch the
             | patient die and hand wring?
        
               | johnnyworker wrote:
               | That metaphor implies an understanding and overview that
               | we simply do not have. Think of it as changing bytes in
               | an executable file which will be run in 50 years, based
               | on what "seems reasonable" to you staring at a wall of
               | hex without even a de-compiler existing, much less you
               | being able to use one. The only reason to even dream of
               | it is not having to suffer the consequences, period. And
               | that's not just because you might not be here in 50
               | years, it's because you're just one person in one very,
               | very narrow walk of life, as opposed to being billions of
               | people.
               | 
               | The carbon emissions of the richest 1% of humanity are
               | more than double than that of the poorest half of
               | humanity. Oil and coal companies profit, while putting
               | out disinformation, as they have been for decades. But
               | why step on the toes of the powerful when you can just
               | use inject sulfur into the atmosphere?
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | You can watch the patient choke from the obstruction as
               | well, but it won't be pretty neither
        
             | _factor wrote:
             | More akin to duck taping the HVAC to avoid an emergency
             | amputation.
        
             | jb1991 wrote:
             | As someone who uses a butter knife literally every day, I
             | am offended by this comment.
        
             | fasterik wrote:
             | _> You sound like someone about to perform a triple bypass
             | with a butter knife._
             | 
             | This style of comment is lazy and simply trying to shut
             | down conversation without actually making an argument. If
             | you have an objection to the comment you're responding to,
             | then say why you think they're wrong, what your alternative
             | point of view is, and why your point of view is the correct
             | one.
        
             | sz3 wrote:
             | Well, hopefully we have some time to practice first.
             | Because we're the only person in the room and the patient
             | is bleeding out.
        
               | Roark66 wrote:
               | So don't do a bloody tripple bypass with a butter knife.
               | Just stop the bleeding. Jeez, this conversation is the
               | best illustration of everything that's wrong with
               | geoengineering ideas.
               | 
               | Indeed we have practiced quite a bit. Read on the
               | catastrophe that was geoengineering attempts resulting in
               | what is now happening with the Sea of Azov.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | I don't think hilariously strained analogies are helpful
               | in this discussion.
               | 
               | The incredibly multi-variate nature of this problem
               | effectively prevents any comparison that is at the scale
               | of an individual.
        
               | fredrikholm wrote:
               | > Just stop the bleeding.
               | 
               | Is that enough? AFAIK all paths forward to avoid the
               | worst outcomes includes becoming net negative ASAP.
               | 
               | That's stopping the addition of 37,000,000,000 tonnes of
               | CO2 anually.
               | 
               | For context, a modern CCS captures some thousands of
               | tonne, which is a comparatively tiny, tiny number.
               | 
               | Unless magic happens in the next decade, it appears that
               | geoengineering is something we can't avoid, sans the
               | suffering and death of billions.
               | 
               | I'd love to be wrong here.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | > geoengineering is something we can't avoid
               | 
               | With all its inherent uncertainties geoengineering has
               | many chances to make living conditions even worse.
               | 
               | It appears that the best think we can do is to stop doing
               | thinks. I concede magic will be needed to make boomers
               | accept that.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | > Just stop the bleeding
               | 
               | Convincing every country in the world that they don't
               | need fossil fuels isn't possible.
               | 
               | Blocking some sunlight from reaching the Earth is.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | Why being an absolutist? We don't need to convince
               | _every_ country. Just the top ones that drive the most
               | consumption /pollution.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | Because the top ones won't be convinced if you don't
               | convince the others. Tragedy of the commons and all that.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | In that vision we never can't do anything because leaders
               | needs to be leaded by others.
               | 
               | People _do_ change their habits, donate, volunteer, make
               | concessions and work hard for the good of society in its
               | whole.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | There are a number of problems that all interlock.
               | Democracies with their relatively short election cycles
               | will naturally find it hard to deal with problems that
               | last much longer than those election cycles and that have
               | the bulk of the problems downstream of us. Voters are
               | motivated by their personal issues first, local issues
               | second and global issues dead last. Countries are going
               | to have to collaborate in a very strict manner in order
               | to deal with global issues.
               | 
               | Throw all of those in a blender and it's easy to see why
               | democracy and global problems are not going lead to an
               | actual solution. Individuals are going to make some minor
               | difference but not enough to offset the larger trends as
               | long as it isn't a solid majority doing this.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | I agree we shouldn't count on our liberal democraties to
               | handle that. Individuals will do the job and the majority
               | is coming, just wait for the boomers to evade in their
               | fantastic plastic graves.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | > So don't do a bloody tripple bypass with a butter
               | knife. Just stop the bleeding.
               | 
               | We're way past that point, the choice is quickly became
               | to try geoengineering or die and I'm not going to take
               | the dying option, no thanks, no matter how immoral you
               | think the other one is.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | You are the doctor and the patient at the same time. On
               | what body do you want to practice ?
        
               | sz3 wrote:
               | I feel like we're stretching the analogy pretty thin
               | here.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | We're actually curating it to get closer to the
               | situation. Or are you seeing humanity as a kind of god
               | that can play with earth without impacting it existence
               | on it ?
        
               | BasedAnon wrote:
               | (nsfl) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7WW-AsiBoE
        
               | BasedAnon wrote:
               | >You are the doctor and the patient at the same time.
               | 
               | Don't forget that, it's important!
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | The only viable alternative to doing nothing is stopping our
           | quest for infinite growth in all sectors.
           | 
           | You're the proverbial boiling frog
        
             | szundi wrote:
             | No problem with this, apart from convincing like 5-6
             | billion people to cut their standards of living to half.
             | Also less people is needed, few children. Sounds like
             | impossible now without concentrated media effort and all
             | ruling parties probably would lose for decades.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Got to convince Nigeria that they shouldn't expect any
               | further quality of life increase. Good luck.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | 5-6 billion people are going to have their living
               | standards and reproductive opportunities destroyed
               | anyway.
               | 
               | If not worse.
               | 
               | But you're really just remaking the point that as a
               | species we're incapable of intelligent collective
               | management of our resources.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Coordination problems are really really really hard. You
               | shouldn't be dismissive about them.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | You are right. But good luck convincing those billions to
               | voluntarily reduce their living standards. I fear change
               | will have to come involuntarily.
        
               | sacrosancty wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | almostnormal wrote:
               | >> No problem with this, apart from convincing like 5-6
               | billion people to cut their standards of living to half.
               | 
               | > 5-6 billion people are going to have their living
               | standards and reproductive opportunities destroyed
               | anyway.
               | 
               | The problem might be that those sets of people are not
               | the same.
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | If all human carbon emissions magically ceased _today_
             | anthropomorphic global warming and its concomitant
             | environmental changes will _still_ _continue_ to unfold for
             | the next few centuries or millennia, at a minimum, before
             | settling into a new (albeit shifted)  "natural" evolution.
             | It will take millions of years for the human carbon
             | emissions to be cycled back into the lithosphere.
             | 
             | In this sense, continued emissions only _accelerate_ and
             | _compound_ the current process unfolding. Global warming as
             | it exists today cannot be stopped passively.
             | 
             | That was the previous poster's point. We can infer that
             | their unstated objective is the end of global warming in
             | the near future (i.e. in the next few centuries), the
             | achievement of which necessarily requires active
             | intervention.
             | 
             | I might infer that your unstated objective is not the end
             | of global warming, but the end of ongoing human
             | interference per se. That's an entirely different
             | objective, albeit no less legitimate.
             | 
             | If I'm correct (and I'm confident in my assessment wrt to
             | the previous poster), then you two are talking past each
             | other.
        
         | tmpX7dMeXU wrote:
         | It's almost like this website is full of people that let
         | Silicon Valley money trick them into believing they are Gods
         | amongst men and that knowing how to write software grants them
         | some sort of transferable expertise.
        
           | ChatGTP wrote:
           | We'll we now refer to ourselves as hardware running on
           | software so it would stand to reason that everything is just
           | a few build pipelines away.
           | 
           | I personally think in the future this idea will be severely
           | dated but it's in vogue right now.
        
         | Roark66 wrote:
         | More people should upvote your post. If there is a rank of how
         | easily humanity can destroy itself and make the earth
         | uninhabitable for itself geoengineering is probably second only
         | to thermonuclear war.
         | 
         | Also I object to the use of the term geo-engineering.
         | Engineering supposes we know exactly what the outcomes will be
         | following centuries/decades of experience with similar systems.
         | Including many failed experiments. Thinking we can geo-engineer
         | a predictable change when there is no way to experiment, fail
         | and learn safely because we only have one shot at this is
         | massively stupid. Anyone that claims "but we've been
         | geoengineering for decades with our greenhouse gas emissions
         | etc" is simply wrong. No, we haven't been "geoengineering".
         | Engineering implies conscious intent. Humanity didn't start
         | burning coal to increase co2 content in the atmosphere.
         | Confusing these two things are akin to finding a victim of a
         | vehicle accident and doing a roadside open heart surgery by a
         | random bystander. "Hey, the guy is already sliced open, we've
         | already started the surgery so we may as well continue right?"
         | No, wrong. That is insane.
         | 
         | The biggest lie today is that we comprehensively know how
         | climate works. We don't. We don't even measure the earth's
         | temperature properly. We extrapolate huge amounts of data. If
         | we _really_ wanted to learn how climate works it would require
         | not just arrays of sensors covering the entire planet's
         | surface, but also ocean depths and the the entire thickness of
         | the atmosphere. No, satellites are not a replacement. Anyone
         | that knows the limitations of satellite sensing knows we can
         | measure a lot, but reliably measuring temperature, humidity,
         | and wind direction across the entire thickness of the
         | atmosphere is not something we can do. We can roughly
         | approximate some measurements across the entire thickness, in
         | theory in good conditions we can narrow it down to certain
         | attitudes and on this basis we make conclusions on the entire
         | state of the system pulling the missing data from our "models".
         | If we discovere the models are wrong? We just tweak them to
         | match the historic data. We might know the measures in this
         | particular place and time, but we use our "models" to
         | "approximate" everything we are unable to measure.
         | 
         | This is one of the major reasons why we cannot reliably predict
         | weather for next 3 days, and why our attempts at making climate
         | predictions are laughable. We know a certain number of
         | principles so we can make some conclusions like more
         | co2/h2o/ch4 = more temperature, but even in this we have to
         | accept there are processes (positive and negative feedback) we
         | have zero idea of.
         | 
         | Furthermore, our planet has shown us huge climatic variability
         | in the geological record. Within that variability the most
         | dangerous to human life are periods of excessive glaciation
         | (ice ages). We're "just" in the warming period after the last
         | one. Is humanity taking part in accelerating the warming? Yes,
         | is it a licence for stupidity like attempting to "stabilise"
         | something that is inherently unstable and periodic(climate)
         | risking we overdo it and find ourselves in a "mini ice age"?
         | No.
         | 
         | Has it ever stopped us before? No. Anyone interested in results
         | of previous "geoengineering" efforts should read up on the
         | soviet attempts at it and what catastrophe it wrought on the
         | region including the Sea of Azov. People in the entire Black
         | Sea region can consider themselves extremely lucky they haven't
         | implemented more than few percent of their plans. It is
         | generally accepted today had more of Soviet attempts at
         | geoengineering been implemented it would've had same horrible
         | consequences we see near the Sea of Azov far and wide.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | Aren't you confusing it with sea of Aral / Caspian sea?
           | 
           | Black sea indeed had a catastrophe but that one predated
           | humans.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Yes, came here to say this as well.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | > If there is a rank of how easily humanity can destroy
           | itself and make the earth uninhabitable for itself
           | geoengineering is probably second only to thermonuclear war.
           | 
           | But emitting some sulfer oxides is not.
           | 
           | Geoengineering is a very broad term, yes there are things
           | that are in the category of "geoengineering" that could make
           | humans extinct, but none are proposed as a solution to global
           | warming.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | We're actually pretty good at predicting the weather for the
           | next three days.
           | 
           | The point about climate variability is a stock denialist
           | talking point.
           | 
           | In reality climate predictions have been extremely accurate.
           | There is absolute no mystery or ambiguity here. We've been
           | improving our CO2 models for over a century now, and in
           | recent decades the modelling has been extremely good -
           | although if anything it's been too optimistic.
           | 
           | https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/01/harvard-
           | led-a...
           | 
           | The problem isn't the science, it's the politics. We have a
           | planetary culture that puts profit and political ambition -
           | naive uninformed personal indulgence and status seeking,
           | mixed with sanctioned reality denial - over collective
           | intelligence and awareness.
           | 
           | While we have individual intelligence - in varying degrees -
           | we still have herd-animal politics and economics. Our
           | management systems have barely changed for millennia, the
           | same issues and tendencies to self-harm keep recurring, and
           | they're completely unsuitable for dealing with the kinds of
           | problems we're facing.
           | 
           | Darwin is remorseless. If a species is maladapted to its
           | environment, extinction - cultural and eventually physical -
           | beckons.
           | 
           | That's where we are now.
        
             | sfvisser wrote:
             | > We've been improving our CO2 models for over a century
             | now, and in recent decades the modelling has been extremely
             | good - although if anything it's been too optimistic.
             | 
             | If the models are too optimistic, that still means they are
             | wrong, right? Genuinely confused about this.
             | 
             | "The situation today is more dire than our previous models
             | predict and the same models predict an even worse future so
             | we need to take them extra seriously" doesn't strike me as
             | very reasonable. Not in a super non-linear system with tons
             | of complicated feedback loops.
             | 
             | Any pointers to in-depth explanations of how these models
             | work and how they are benchmarked? Definitely want to learn
             | more.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | CO2 caused climate change isn't an extinction risk for
             | humanity.
        
           | mpweiher wrote:
           | We have extensive records on what happens after volcano
           | eruptions. So we know what happens. Because it has happened
           | many times before.
           | 
           | And yes, if the alternative is an extinction-level event, for
           | example a runaway greenhouse effect turning the earth into
           | Venus, then stomping on the brakes with _anything whatsoever_
           | is a perfectly valid proposal. And doing something comparable
           | to a volcano doesn 't come close to "anything whatsoever",
           | because, as I said, we have records of how this plays out,
           | and it happens all the time anyway.
           | 
           | And if you are saying that this isn't an acceptable way to
           | proceed, which is a perfectly valid position, then very
           | obviously the alternative _cannot_ be an extinction-level
           | event such as a runaway greenhouse effect that will turn
           | Earth into Venus.
           | 
           | What you cannot have is have it both ways. Which is where a
           | lot of people currently seem to be positioned. As in "we are
           | _literally destroying_ the planet AND geo-engineering is
           | unacceptable ". Nope. Pick one.
           | 
           | Furthermore, injecting SO2 into the atmosphere is easy enough
           | that it is well in reach of pretty much every state actor
           | whose population is going to be most severely affected by
           | climate change, in particular "wet-bulb events". So the
           | question of whether we _want_ this to happen or not really
           | isn 't relevant. It almost certainly _will_ happen.
        
         | Tuna-Fish wrote:
         | > the Earth is not something you can reboot to the last working
         | state once you harebrained patch implodes.
         | 
         | There are methods of geoengineering that you can _stop doing_
         | at any point, at which point they stop having an effect.
         | 
         | The one proposed in this twitter thread, marine cloud
         | brightening by spraying seawater in the air, is one of those.
        
         | brucethemoose2 wrote:
         | > Not sure which computing analogy would drive home the
         | complete recklessness of this mentality
         | 
         | Geoengineering is an act of desperation. Its like your laptop
         | is on fire, so you throw some water on it.
        
           | kybernetikos wrote:
           | > Its like your laptop is on fire, so you throw some water on
           | it.
           | 
           | Is it a lithium fire? I think this might be a very good
           | analogy.
        
             | brucethemoose2 wrote:
             | Yes, exactly.
             | 
             | But it _might_ just be a simpler fire.
             | 
             | But if smothering isn't an option, you take the lowest risk
             | choice, which is the water.
        
         | bartimus wrote:
         | Reducing atmospheric CO2 is geo-engineering just as well.
         | Tackling climate change is going to involve climate
         | engineering. Some solutions will work. Others will not.
         | 
         | > to refrain from aggravating the situation
         | 
         | Easier said than done. What makes you think this is going to be
         | achievable?
         | 
         | Why are you assuming the HN community isn't acknowledging the
         | complexity and not taking a holistic approach?
        
           | teamonkey wrote:
           | Pumping CO2 into the atmosphere is geoengineering. Reducing
           | CO2 emissions is _less_ geoengineering.
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | This case was pumping sulfur into the atmosphere, removing
             | the sulfur (less geoengineering) made things worse!
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | It is more like geo-fly-tipping. Engineering implies we are
             | being thoughtful about it (which is more true in the
             | reduction case than the dumping case).
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > refrain from aggravating the situation
         | 
         | I used to think this way, but after years of trying I don't
         | think getting people to change their life habits is going to
         | happen.
         | 
         | At this point I think geoengineering is _necessary_. At the
         | very, very least, carbon sequestration at scale is a fairly
         | safe form of geoengineering if we can pull it off.
        
           | ImHereToVote wrote:
           | I think of it like Star Trek: Next Generation. They had this
           | recurring character that nudged humanity into accepting their
           | role of manipulating time-space.
           | 
           | The lesson being. We as humans aren't simply animals
           | occupying a rock floating in space. Us being powerful means
           | we have to take responsibility no matter how much it makes
           | our internal naturalistic fallacy emotions winge.
        
         | TheRealSteel wrote:
         | We don't have any other choice.
        
         | happytiger wrote:
         | Linear thinking is how we take action. Leaning back observation
         | is how we analyze.
         | 
         | It's cool to analyze but it can paralyze us into observation
         | and this situation benefits from the former because the
         | consequences of being wrong is so profoundly dire.
         | 
         | Generally agree with you, but why not be conservative when it
         | comes to issues like global warming and species extinction and
         | avoid catastrophe if it turns out to be as bad as it could be?
         | 
         | That takes linear thinking and action now. We should also
         | analyze, but it's logical to take action too.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | > For the short term future (decades) the only strategy that
         | seems to make sense on the face of epistemic uncertainty is to
         | refrain from aggravating the situation while studying ever more
         | deeply the system we are now perturbing so much.
         | 
         | Sometimes perfect is the enemy of good. If climate change
         | really was going to kill a billion people then taking the risk
         | with some geoengineering would be better than just letting it
         | happen.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | I suppose it comes down to a judgement of how reliable the
         | models are. In this case the models of what happens after
         | applying the "patch".
        
           | nologic01 wrote:
           | The degree of confidence in our abstractions of reality is
           | usually a visible process: You are able to explain things you
           | can measure with increasing accuracy, you can predict and
           | verify the unfolding of what-if scenarios etc.
           | 
           | One thing that we should not refrain from is applying 10x,
           | 100x, 1000x the brainpower to understand _objectively_ (as
           | in: not captured by short-term interests) what sustainable
           | biospheres look like and how things can go wrong.
           | 
           | The capacity and orientation of the scientific apparatus
           | (universities, research centers etc) is a WIP that has been
           | shaped by momentous historical events (WWII in particular)
           | and societal choices. I think the sustainability transition
           | is of far greater importance but it has not yet had a visible
           | impact. There are a few new fields (e.g. industrial ecology)
           | but its a slow process.
        
         | 0xDEF wrote:
         | How are you going to convince Asia and Africa to stop their
         | economic growth? How are you going to convince Americans to
         | stop driving Ford F150s? How are you going to convince
         | Europeans to stop doing vacations that involves long-distance
         | flights to exotic faraway countries?
         | 
         | Geoengineering is the only solution.
        
           | Contusion3532 wrote:
           | There is no solution. The industrialized nations used the
           | externality of carbon emissions to build their current
           | status. These nations are unwilling to subsidize and
           | compensate developing nations so that they can develop while
           | using clean energy.
           | 
           | Politicians can't tell their constituents the truth -- that
           | their lifestyles are destroying the planet and are
           | unsustainable. They'll be replaced be politicians that tell
           | voters what they want to hear or scapegoat others.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | Why does economic growth need to be incompatible with going
           | green? I don't think they are natural opposites, mostly
           | habitual, and habits and outlooks can change if people really
           | want. Now it's the "really want" that's at issue here. Maybe
           | this year's weather opens peoples minds.
        
           | nologic01 wrote:
           | An out-of-control spacecraft is hurling towards an asteroid.
           | Engineers onboard argue the only solution is to invent a
           | laser that will blast a tunnel through the asteroid so that
           | the spacecraft can continue safely its out-of-control
           | trajectory.
           | 
           | Its an insane strategy. Predicated, among others, on the
           | impossibility of getting back into the control room and
           | charting a non-collision course (which among others will
           | ensure we can better handle any _future_ sustainability
           | challenges). I would challenge that assumption (but with a
           | caveat).
           | 
           | The obstacles you mention are real and in a sense currently
           | as complex to model and work through. Its the difference of
           | socially engineering the complex system that is human society
           | versus biophysically engineering the complex system that is
           | the Earth's biosphere.
           | 
           | Social change is intrinsically easier and far more
           | comprehensive insurance: There is a lot of precedent of
           | purposeful social change and the enormous historical
           | diversity of socioeconomic structures points out to very
           | flexible systems. The obstacles you mention did not even
           | exist a few decades ago. There is nothing deterministic about
           | the current state of the world. Its all in our freaking
           | brains, a lot of it just inane over-consumption because for a
           | while the answer was... why not.
           | 
           | The caveat is that a minimum amount of social change needs to
           | be truly _global_. This is something unprecedented. We are
           | living through a historically unique moment where the random
           | walk of political and socioeconomic evolution folds onto
           | itself: its canvas is now a finite manifold. Cherished
           | behaviors, power games etc may no longer be part of the
           | solution space.
           | 
           | Remains to be seen how our complex system will adapt.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I think it's important to have realistic ideas about how
         | climate change might actually go. For example:
         | 
         | - if all emissions stopped tonight, we'd still be on track for
         | temperature rises over the next several decades
         | 
         | - some places would get hotter, others wouldn't. Similarly
         | changes in rainfall would not be evenly distributed. It may be
         | that Europe's climate doesn't change all that much, for example
         | (due to changing ocean currents cooling the North Atlantic)
         | 
         | - some of the facts that drove rhetoric 20 years ago have since
         | changed, for example the cost of renewable energy has
         | dramatically decreased such that certain kinds of subsidies or
         | sacrifices are less necessary (on the other hand, the
         | power/km^2 density of solar / wind in some places may still
         | imply land uses that people would find unacceptable were they
         | to become dominant)
         | 
         | - in the grand scheme of things, geoengineering (like pumping
         | SO2 into the troposphere or dispersing silver particles in the
         | atmosphere) is cheap and could be performed unilaterally by
         | many countries were they to feel sufficiently threatened by
         | climate change.
         | 
         | I think one reason to care about this kind of geoengineering is
         | that it might just happen. I think it's also useful to consider
         | that we're currently doing the 'geoengineering' of pumping more
         | and more CO2 into the atmosphere and I think we should be
         | careful to avoid treating 'planned' geoengineering
         | asymmetrically from the side-effect kind.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | > if all emissions stopped tonight, we'd still be on track
           | for temperature rises over the next several decades
           | 
           | Good News Everybody! (hey, every little bit counts) That was
           | the thinking in 2007.
           | 
           | https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-will-global-warming-
           | st...
           | 
           | https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-
           | cl...                    However, if we stopped emitting
           | greenhouse gases today, the rise in global temperatures would
           | begin to flatten within a few years.
           | Temperatures would then plateau but remain well-elevated for
           | many, many centuries.              There is a time lag
           | between what we do and when we feel it, but that lag is less
           | than a decade.
        
         | BasedAnon wrote:
         | >Not sure which computing analogy would drive home the complete
         | recklessness of this mentality but the Earth is not something
         | you can reboot to the last working state once you harebrained
         | patch implodes.
         | 
         | here's one: stop writing random bits to the BIOS hoping it will
         | fix things
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | That's an awful analogy. The science behind, say, sunshades
           | is much stronger than the science behind climate change
           | itself!
           | 
           | Eg. The odds of blocking out the sun not cooling the earth
           | are much lower than the earth's temperature magically
           | stabilising at current levels despite more co2 emissions.
        
             | BasedAnon wrote:
             | the hidden assumption is that you are dealing with a closed
             | system, you are not. the scientific method has explanatory
             | limits
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Sunshade is like thinking you fixed the bios security issue
             | because your test case can no longer boot.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Is the implication here that global warming isn't the
               | actual problem we're trying to solve?
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | No but you can appear to solve a problem with a myopic
               | poorly formed test. Ala we got temps down but wheat
               | yields are down but we won't blame the sunshade because
               | that solved _the problem_.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | > which computing analogy
         | 
         | Ooops... _bricked it_ :(
        
         | peyton wrote:
         | Yeah but I think natural experiments like low-sulfur marine
         | fuel adoption can point to areas where we can find reversible
         | interim solutions.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | You cant terraform apply I guess!
        
         | aaron695 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | rgmerk wrote:
         | Geoengineering is bad. The problem is that the alternatives may
         | be even worse.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | It is very uncomplicated in fact:
         | 
         | Most people here on HN are rationally capable of understanding
         | the challenges humanity faces right now.
         | 
         | What many aren't capable of is accepting the conclusion that we
         | all have to change the way we live and quite possibly even the
         | way we organize society in order to mitigate the irreperable
         | problems our way of living has already caused.
         | 
         | Deep down they might suspect this is necessary, but it is much
         | more comfortable to believe in a solution that is only
         | technological and go on as we did. That is why discussions
         | around such technological silver bullets are always toxic:
         | people _want_ to believe.
        
           | hkt wrote:
           | The thing that is galling is that we already have the
           | technology to live sustainably if people do change their
           | lifestyles.
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | Especially since HNers mostly are the top top top earners in
           | the world, having unsustainable lifestyles. No one likes to
           | accept it can't be like this forever.
        
             | fasterik wrote:
             | This doesn't seem right. Most of the world's new carbon
             | emissions are coming from developing countries. On the
             | other hand, the HN crowd is much more likely to live in
             | dense cities (which are more climate friendly), have access
             | to public transportation, drive electric cars, and can
             | afford to pay for carbon offsets.
             | 
             | The only thing unsustainable about the first world
             | lifestyle is the fact that we don't have the political will
             | to invest in real solutions like nuclear power, carbon
             | capture and storage, etc.
        
               | benhurmarcel wrote:
               | CO2 emissions per capita (tons/person/year):
               | 
               | Canada 18.72
               | 
               | United States 15.32
               | 
               | China 7.44
               | 
               | Brazil 2.24
               | 
               | Indonesia 2.02
               | 
               | India 1.89
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | Yes, and when you multiply per capita by population, you
               | end up with China and India emitting over double what the
               | United States emits.
               | 
               | There is also the delta to take into account.
               | Industrialized countries are decarbonizing and switching
               | to renewables, while industrializing countries are
               | building new coal plants.
        
               | Contusion3532 wrote:
               | It's not exactly fair for industrialized nations to have
               | taken advantage of the externality of their historic
               | carbon emissions, but then prevent developing nations
               | from doing the same.
               | 
               | The ethical solution would be for industrialized nations
               | to subsidize the development and decarbonization of
               | developing nations.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Too bad the atomic energy commission is so tight lipped
               | about proliferating reactor designs. The third world
               | could have been powered with atomic energy by the 1980s
               | if we didnt subscribe to cold war us vs them thinking
               | (which our top brass continues to subscribe to even if
               | the general populace hasn't given a shit about the cold
               | war since before Vietnam).
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I'm sure Canada is driven by heating load.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | What drives it doesn't matter. Some areas may simply not
               | be habitable sustainably.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | We do seem to be working hard on making sure Canada is
               | nice and temperate, though.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It beats -45 I guess... (that's the lowest I ever saw on
               | my outside thermometer on St. Josephs Island).
               | 
               | You make a good point though: what is and what isn't
               | habitable will change and as a result there will be
               | substantial movement of people, displaced either by
               | choice or by need.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I understand I was just trying to explain to myself how
               | they were #1 in usage. I was surprised. I was also trying
               | to define the problem since they were outpacing the USA.
               | 
               | Looks like Niagara falls only produces about 16 billion
               | BTUs or 4.9 Million kWs.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Up North there are stacks of firewood everywhere and
               | prepping for winter is an exercise in logistics. Also
               | still many oil furnaces in active use.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | Makes me wonder if the offshoring of manufacturing from
               | the USA ended up looking like efficiency gains. If we are
               | indeed now anchoring manufacturing it will have a much
               | smaller energy footprint than the manufacturing we lost.
               | Which finally brings us back to the original topic
               | delivery of goods.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | > Most of the world's new carbon emissions are coming
               | from developing countries.
               | 
               | Isn't this because we're paying them to make stuff for
               | us? Or is there some accounting of this where its their
               | own consumption that causes it?
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | It's because they're industrializing, have higher
               | population growth, and are primarily building coal power
               | plants to keep up with it.
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | Also why would developing countries have to limit carbon
               | emissions more than non developing ones?
        
               | Contusion3532 wrote:
               | Exactly. The cumulative emissions of the United States
               | dwarf the rest of the countries in the world[1].
               | 
               | The powerhouse that is the United States was built on the
               | externality of carbon emissions. Now that the West has
               | built their economies of this externality, they're trying
               | to prevent developing nations from catching up by
               | utilizing the same externality.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/10/The-2...
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | Well, you're saying "new carbon emissions", of course
               | those are coming from developing countries. It's not the
               | same statement as I said. And of course they should be
               | allowed to improve their quality of life.
               | 
               | My point is that an average HNer lives in a country where
               | per capita co2 per person is >10x as much as the poorer
               | countries. And since the average HNer is a well off
               | person with a lavish lifestyle, international travels
               | etc., it's probably closer to 100x the amount of a person
               | in a developing country.
               | 
               | Either this lifestyle should only belong to us few and
               | developing countries should remain developing. Or we need
               | to cut back to a sustainable level everyone can share.
               | Which is a reality people don't want to face.
               | 
               | > _The only thing unsustainable about the first world
               | lifestyle is the fact that we don 't have the political
               | will to invest in real solutions like nuclear power,
               | carbon capture and storage, etc._
               | 
               | It's not about "political will". Would you pay more for a
               | product if it's external effects were priced in? Probably
               | not. Hence unsustainable. Our level of consumption is
               | only possible because we don't pay the true price,
               | someone else is.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | Carbon emissions per capita is going down in developed
               | countries. It's going up in developing countries. Your
               | implication was that the current problem is the level of
               | consumption in the richest countries. But in reality that
               | only accounts for a small portion of the expected carbon
               | emissions over the next century.
               | 
               | We don't need to "cut back" to a sustainable level. A
               | sustainable level is whatever amount of energy we can
               | produce without increasing the amount of carbon in the
               | atmosphere. If we built more nuclear, solar, and wind
               | power, and invested more in carbon capture and storage,
               | we could sustain a much higher level of consumption than
               | we currently are, while emitting less carbon.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > Carbon emissions per capita is going down in developed
               | countries. It's going up in developing countries.
               | 
               | But it's not going to go down far enough in developed
               | countries and it is going up _very_ rapidly in developing
               | countries, the result of that is predictable, and in the
               | meantime we _are_ emitting a large multiple of the per-
               | capita greenhouse gases compared to everybody else, who
               | simply want to have theirs too.
               | 
               | We _do_ need to  'cut back' to a sustainable level or we
               | _will_ be cut back. The amount of carbon in the
               | atmosphere is already too high, it won 't come down
               | unless we cut back, as a species.
               | 
               | > If we built more nuclear, solar, and wind power, and
               | invested more in carbon capture and storage, we could
               | sustain a much higher level of consumption than we
               | currently are, while emitting less carbon.
               | 
               | That can not be stated with such a degree of confidence,
               | and smacks a bit of people saying that driving electric
               | cars is good for the environment. It isn't, it's just
               | slightly better than driving an ICE.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | You're kinda proving my point. Instead of facing reality
               | as that would mean changes to your lifestyle, you want to
               | keep on going as if nothing is happening and just hope
               | technology will save us.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | My argument is that your point isn't based in reality.
               | How is changing my lifestyle going to fix the problem
               | when most of my power consumption is fueled by
               | renewables, while most of the carbon emissions over the
               | next 50 years are going to come from India and China?
               | 
               | I'm not saying keep going as if nothing is happening. I'm
               | saying the climate crisis is a real emergency, and the
               | solution is to build more renewable energy and remove
               | carbon from the atmosphere.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | Because while your "power" consumption is mostly
               | renewables (again, you arguing against something slightly
               | different than what I write), it's a small part of your
               | _total_ consumption. What about all the power China uses
               | to build the things we in the west consume? That 's on
               | your budget.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | Oh, I'm all for reducing consumption of useless crap.
               | Personally I don't buy many things, most of my spending
               | goes toward food and books.
               | 
               | I thought we were talking about energy "consumption", not
               | consumption of material goods. However, I'm still not
               | sure how much reducing that kind of consumption is going
               | to help in the overall picture of the climate crisis.
               | It's also not realistic to expect that everybody is just
               | going to stop buying things in the next 10 years.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | If you've either taken four long flights in the last
               | year, or drive an SUV a little more than average, you're
               | already above the average carbon footprint for the world,
               | without any consideration of eating meat, electricity,
               | other fuels, etc.
        
             | CalRobert wrote:
             | It's really frustrating that I had to work really hard,
             | study the right things, and get lucky to be able to afford
             | to live somewhere my direct emissions are minimal. More
             | people should be able to afford to live car free in well
             | insulated homes.
        
           | llsf wrote:
           | THIS! As we will grasp the effective impact of the past
           | century of burning fossil fuel, we will first go in denial,
           | hoping for a technological miracle.
           | 
           | While there might be a way to produce 84% of the energy
           | currently used without involving fossil fuel, it would not
           | reasonably be implemented in the next decades.
           | 
           | So, we might have to change the way we live. The sooner we
           | adapt, the less painful it would be. If this is not for the
           | climate, it would be as we reach peak oil/gas/coal.
        
           | ericd wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure there's no chance that people in aggregate
           | are going to voluntarily reduce consumption - on the
           | contrary, the billions in developing countries are moving
           | toward the western lifestyle, and they're not going to accept
           | westerners trying to tell them not to. We _have to_ work to
           | make this lifestyle sustainable by making clean power,
           | cement, steel, synthetic fuel, etc cheaper than the polluting
           | alternatives, because hoping that we'll reduce our way out of
           | this is wishful thinking. We need to get to negative new
           | carbon, not just less carbon.
        
           | at_a_remove wrote:
           | Ha! You sort of slid a miracle in there like it was a
           | checkbox. "We all have to change the way we live and quite
           | possibly even the way we organize society ..."
           | 
           | Your solution to this problem involves Universal Agreement
           | and Cooperation Among Humanity. _People can 't even agree not
           | to murder each other_.
           | 
           | Any solution which requires UAaCOAH might as well have
           | unobtanium as its focal point. It's just not going to happen.
           | We can't agree on metric versus imperial, on language, on
           | such weirdly silly things like an afterlife, on oppressive
           | things like what women should be allowed to wear (in the face
           | of the collapse of the biosphere, right now, you can find
           | interviews with men who have chucked acid onto the faces of
           | their wives because their peers taunt them about said wives
           | wearing modern and "immodest" clothing: a real top priority
           | for civilization). We can't agree on who owns what rock and
           | we can't agree on how to govern, and our governance can't
           | agree with its populace on little things like not lying to
           | them about practically everything.
           | 
           | We are a divisive, fiercely independent species with our own
           | thoughts about everything, however trivial, whether or not it
           | is good for us.
           | 
           | Forget three nines, ignore a couple of standard deviations,
           | getting even four-fifths of humanity to suddenly snap on to
           | an agenda which will be personally uncomfortable to them is
           | too much to ask. Any plan which requires that level of
           | agreement is absolutely doomed unless you've got some kind of
           | high-level AGI in your pocket with just one priority: stop
           | the oncoming _several_ catastrophes valued over the
           | preferences, choices, comfort, even reproductive lives of
           | each person on the planet ... and some way of enforcing it.
           | Lacking Forbin and his Colossus, we will not unite on much of
           | anything besides  "we all want to do what we individually
           | want."
           | 
           | Once you realize this, it's going to be the small (in terms
           | of populace) projects which do not require universal consent
           | which might have any shot whatsoever, rather than getting the
           | bulk of humanity together, for the first time in history, to
           | cooperate.
        
           | RhysU wrote:
           | > ...we all have to change the way we live...
           | 
           | It is negligently irrational to believe the entirety of the
           | human race can be convinced to do, in perpetuity, what you
           | suggest.
           | 
           | The conclusion to accept is the cat's out of the bag. Two
           | weeks won't stop the spread. Nuclear weapons will never be
           | uninvented. Etc etc etc.
           | 
           | And, like, yawn. This has long been obvious. We'll adapt in
           | some manner whatever the horrors. I would bet against a human
           | but not against humanity.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | > What many aren't capable of is accepting the conclusion
           | that we all have to change the way we live and quite possibly
           | even the way we organize society in order to mitigate the
           | irreperable problems our way of living has already caused.
           | 
           | This seems like a euphemism for "a lot of people 'have' to
           | die" - when phrased that way it becomes obvious the reason
           | that many will search for active measures to take to try to
           | prevent that.
        
           | detourdog wrote:
           | Plenty of people I know talk the talk but understand that
           | they're a special case and need say incandescent flood light
           | in the kitchen.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | I want everyone to be able to live in a well insulated flat
           | powered by renewable energy walking and biking distance from
           | their daily needs, and with public transport (and rarely-
           | needed EV share) for the rest. Combined with a low meat low
           | dairy diet and less disposable consumer junk it seems like we
           | could get a long ways with an arguably better quality of
           | life. Maybe work half time too.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | "Stop eating nice food" is a nonstarter, as is "give up
             | personal all weather mobility", have these as a policy
             | positions and we'll get 3 degrees rises as those would be a
             | smaller quality of life decrease for the average American.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | I didn't even say stop eating meat. But we certainly
               | could do with less, and make what we do eat better
               | quality.
        
               | amrocha wrote:
               | Meat != nice food
               | 
               | Cars != all weather mobility
               | 
               | And if you really want a car get ready to pay 4x current
               | prices because that's what they actually cost without
               | subsidies and free externalities
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | While some meat eating being required for nice food is
               | subjective, I'm struggling to see what the suggested
               | alternative to cars for all weather personal mobility is.
               | I want to go to visit my friend Bob who lives 10 miles
               | away but the rain is pouring down. What do I do in a
               | carless world?
               | 
               | Btw: CO2 emission taxes, road taxes and congestion
               | charges are a great idea.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > I want to go to visit my friend Bob who lives 10 miles
               | away but the rain is pouring down. What do I do in a
               | carless world?
               | 
               | - you wait until it stops raining
               | 
               | - you bring an umbrella
               | 
               | - you bring a change of clothing
               | 
               | - you bike or walk
               | 
               | - you ask Bob to meet you halfway
               | 
               | Kids here in NL do this every day, sometimes across even
               | longer distances (when they're high school age and live
               | in rural parts of the country).
        
               | fodkodrasz wrote:
               | - you visit him after the rain is over
               | 
               | (That comment must be satire)
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Trams or buses to your friend Bob's flat or rowhouse
               | would be helpful here.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Statistically speaking in the US Bob doesn't live in a
               | flat or rowhouse.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Yes. The US is bad.
        
               | amrocha wrote:
               | Yeah, we should fix that
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Loads of people don't want to live in flats and row
               | houses though.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | They don't want it so badly we made it illegal to build
               | the things obviously people didn't want built.
        
               | amrocha wrote:
               | A lot of people replied to you and stuff, but I don't
               | agree with them all so I want to answer you personally.
               | 
               | I live in Tokyo. As I'm replying to you, I'm coming back
               | from meeting my friends that live 13 miles away. This
               | isn't uncommon. One of my best friends, I see her almost
               | every week, lives 15 miles away from me.
               | 
               | Here's what I did: I cycled 5 minutes to the train
               | station; I got on the train; I ran into a friend in the
               | train, and we chatted the whole way; I got to the
               | station, went to our meeting spot, and we hung out for
               | hours, drank a bunch, had fun, until last train; then we
               | all went back to the station, rode the train for 45
               | minutes, and now I'm home.
               | 
               | It wasn't raining today, but I hang out with my friends
               | when it's raining too. We don't let that stop us. Take an
               | umbrella or a raincoat or just walk for 5 minutes in the
               | rain. It's not a big deal.
               | 
               | At the same time, I understand that this can feel very
               | foreign to you. Our thoughts are molded by our
               | environment. But I'm sure that if you lived in Tokyo you
               | would also change your mind.
               | 
               | I don't know how to change your mind, but I can tell you
               | that if you gave it a try you would change your mind. l
               | 
               | I'm not saying cars have no place, but they don't need to
               | be the be all end all of transportation. There's very
               | real negatives to cars, we're just blinded to them as
               | long as we live in a car centric society.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | The real problem is that your friend lives 10 miles away
               | and you don't have adequate public transportation, not
               | that life without cars is impossible.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Public transportation still requires you to go to the bus
               | stop in the rain.
               | 
               | I'm also unsure what the proposed solution to Bob being
               | 10 miles away is. Should I only make friends with people
               | who work at the same place?
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | You keep saying 10 miles. Good cities are maybe ten miles
               | across tops. Or huge enough for extensive metros.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | If rain were a major impediment to functioning Ireland
               | and NL should be abandoned. But it isn't. Rain is a minor
               | nuisance. As for your friendships: in the past people
               | would usually be good friends with people living close to
               | them because they lacked transport. I have friends all
               | over the world on account of the internet and I'm well
               | aware that going to visit them is in many cases out of
               | the question. That's much easier to decide when they are
               | 100's (or even 1000's) of km away but the principle
               | remains.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | In fairness Ireland is annoyingly car dependent for
               | Europe (and I'm writing this on the Luas!)
        
               | replygirl wrote:
               | It's just unreasonable to suggest people not visit their
               | friends within the same metro area
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | If a bit of rain would stop you then that says a lot. I
               | bike thousands of km per year and get caught in the rain
               | frequently, it doesn't even factor into the decision of
               | whether or not I will go because when you bike a longer
               | distance in NL the chances of getting rained on approach
               | certainty.
        
               | replygirl wrote:
               | i don't think a disinterest in cycling for 45 minutes in
               | the rain each way says anything negative about me. i have
               | a bike and use it when it makes sense. that doesn't make
               | sense
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | No, but it means that you _also_ have a car. Plenty of
               | people don 't. And rain usually doesn't stop them from
               | doing what they want to do.
        
               | californical wrote:
               | The solution is that Bob isn't 10 miles away because the
               | town is more dense. And carrying an umbrella to the tram
               | or train stop 3 blocks away is easy
        
               | amrocha wrote:
               | This isn't right. 10 miles is a fine distance. I met up
               | with friends 13 miles away today. As long as there's good
               | public transport it's not a big deal.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | 10 miles is fine, you can have friends everywhere and you
               | can't expect everyone you know to live in the same urban
               | sprawl.
               | 
               | Use public transport, take a cab if you need to or use a
               | car club (shared vehicles use less resources than owning
               | a car), ride a bike, walk the 10 miles. Infrastructure
               | helps to reduce personal car use.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | > Public transportation still requires you to go to the
               | bus stop in the rain.
               | 
               | "But my quality of life!"
        
               | diegoveralli wrote:
               | > Public transportation still requires you to go to the
               | bus stop in the rain.
               | 
               | I want to say here that this comment sounds extremely
               | alien to me, to the point that out of context I would
               | have taken it as satirical.
               | 
               | I know you're serious, but there's probably a big portion
               | of people to whom discussing the problem of walking in
               | the rain to the bus stop sounds completely ridiculous, in
               | any context, and as as something we must consider when
               | talking about climate change policy, well, even more
               | ridiculous.
               | 
               | I've lived in rainy places, and you just wear a raincoat,
               | boots, maybe an umbrella (not always), and carry on.
               | 
               | This kind of disproportionate weight assigned to even the
               | smallest levels of personal discomfort, when discussing
               | these problems, is what most people are denouncing here.
               | And this bias might be what pushes people towards techno-
               | solutionism that doesn't have a chance of actually
               | solving our problems in the time frame that we need.
        
               | corney91 wrote:
               | > Public transportation still requires you to go to the
               | bus stop in the rain.
               | 
               | An umbrella solves that at minimal cost.
               | 
               | For the record, I don't think all car use is wrong, but
               | the example of visiting a friend 10 miles away isn't a
               | very good one. Someone shouldn't be expected to buy a car
               | and its associated maintenance, tax, and externalities,
               | just to visit someone that nearby.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | If people aren't willing to the nearest bus/tram/train
               | stop while holding an umbrella and/or wearing a raincoat,
               | we're all fucked.
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | This is what OP means by changing the way we live.
               | 
               | Sorry but getting rained on a bit is least of our
               | troubles. Imagine there are places like Netherlands where
               | it rains all the time and people (including very old
               | ones) bike around the city...
        
               | replygirl wrote:
               | the mode share of cycling has gone down in the
               | netherlands over the last 30 years. 12% of average income
               | households are car-free; it's 25% overall and 6% for the
               | wealthy. this is despite the mode share of cycling in
               | amsterdam increasing 50% in the same period. even with a
               | cycling network fully connecting the southern half of the
               | country, decent connectivity in the north, road design in
               | the major cities that is intentionally hostile to intra-
               | city car commutes, and an ostensibly pro-cycling commuter
               | culture, people don't want to bike more than a couple
               | miles if they can afford not to.
               | 
               | if you want to shape the behaviors of the world's people
               | as you suggest, you'll need fascism. hard sell when there
               | are already two paths to clean energy abundance, two
               | paths to sustainable driving, and many paths to damage
               | control competing in the public discourse.
        
               | Loic wrote:
               | Replying here to your below comment because of the
               | "stack" limit. You wrote "I want to go to visit my friend
               | Bob who lives 10 miles away but the rain is pouring
               | down." as a justification for ownership of a car.
               | 
               | We just went through 2 weeks of heavy rain here in
               | Germany. I am only biking (not even an E-Bike) and what I
               | did is just looked at the rain radar with a simple app,
               | add a bit of buffer time, packed rain clothes in my bike
               | bag and just go. I was only once a bit wet because I was
               | too lazy to pull out my jacket as I came back home one
               | evening.
               | 
               | You will always find a good excuse to keep the apparent
               | comfort of a car, but once you start to really bike on a
               | regular basis, in my case, I found the bike way nicer,
               | you bring movement in your life. It helps my health and
               | my mood, which is a nice side effect.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | I'm a biker, I commute to work via bike and mostly shop
               | via bike.
               | 
               | The car is still incredibly useful for rainy days,
               | visiting friends or when I really don't feel like
               | tackling that hill to shop.
               | 
               | Maybe you enjoy half an hour cycling in rain that's going
               | to last 6 hours, but I don't.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _Maybe you enjoy half an hour cycling in rain that 's
               | going to last 6 hours, but I don't._
               | 
               | At some point, people are going to have to start
               | preferring long term survival over short term enjoyment.
               | 
               | I don't love getting rained on, and there are days that
               | the last thing I _feel_ like doing is getting on the bike
               | or walking somewhere, but feeling like doing something is
               | often not the primary reason to do it. And I realize that
               | if I can't /won't make the harder decisions, I have no
               | business encouraging others to do the same.
               | 
               | Societies collectively need to change habits and shift
               | mindsets about the ways we live life. It certainly won't
               | be because it all feels good.
               | 
               | I'm not saying there is no place for cars, and clearly
               | there are situations where a bike won't work. But that
               | does not mean our current car culture is acceptable
               | either.
        
             | diziet wrote:
             | I want everyone to be able to do that too. I just don't
             | want everyone to be forced to do so.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | Are you sure the impact of "everybody on earth lives in a
             | well insulated flat" on the earth climate and biodiversity
             | is net positive?
        
             | adaml_623 wrote:
             | Who's building that well insulated flat and where is the
             | insulation coming from?
             | 
             | I sometimes worry that the pyramid of infrastructure and
             | labour required to create that flat is not scalable
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I just did it. Definitely possible. Every project is a
               | compromise. The biggest and easiest compromise to make is
               | location.
               | 
               | Opportunities are everywhere if one is looking and
               | prepared.
               | 
               | I don't understand why so many people choose to believe
               | things are impossible.
               | 
               | https://www.icloud.com/sharedalbum/#B0Y5oqs3qnakFd
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | How's public transport and bike infra?
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | we have a bike path that crosses town and the next town
               | over is working to connect. Once tbat is connect it will
               | be 22 mile bike ride to pittsfield.
               | 
               | Public transit exists but luckily there arn't many places
               | to go.
               | 
               | If it's not within 3 miles mostly likely you have to
               | travel 20 miles. This helps keep the carbon footprint low
               | because it is easy to go without.
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | I have the perfect place for you but only currently 5
             | available units. It checks everyone of your needs.*
             | 
             | Meets your criteria and has fiber installed. We have at
             | least 2 neighbors that will sell you eggs and I would let
             | you garden.
             | 
             | *have chosen EV charger the ev share will have to wait for
             | full occupency.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Wonderful, but I'm moving to the Netherlands Monday. It
               | checks the boxes except for NL's annoying dependence on
               | gas. Where is your spot?
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | Netherlands is better but here is my spot but I think we
               | are a close second. The food culture is what one gives up
               | to live here. Might as well cook for your self.
               | 
               | https://destinationwilliamstown.org/
        
           | fasterik wrote:
           | _> That is why discussions around such technological silver
           | bullets are always toxic: people want to believe._
           | 
           | On the flip side, some people reject technological solutions
           | on principle because for them, it's not about solving
           | problems, it's about atoning for the sins of humanity.
           | 
           | What does the alternative future look like where we solve the
           | climate crisis by changing the way we live and organize
           | society? Personally, I would prefer to continue having
           | electricity, heat, running water, sewage treatment, shipping,
           | transportation, and the internet. It seems to me that if we
           | really wanted to, we could keep these things around while
           | putting a substantial portion of GDP into building nuclear
           | reactors and removing carbon from the atmosphere. But that's
           | not a satisfying answer for people who have made the climate
           | crisis into a religious issue.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | > for them, it's not about solving problems, it's about
             | atoning for the sins of humanity.
             | 
             | Never encountered that. Maybe it exists but it's extremely
             | rare and irrelevant.
             | 
             | > putting a substantial portion of GDP into building
             | nuclear reactors and removing carbon from the atmosphere
             | 
             | Spending lots of money, to produce lots of energy, to solve
             | a problem we created by using too much energy...
             | 
             | What people don't get is that environmentalists just want
             | to solve the problem in the most cost effective way, and
             | that is to stop destroying the environment we live in.
             | 
             | > having electricity, heat, running water, sewage
             | treatment, shipping, transportation, and the internet.
             | 
             | Where in the Paris Agreement did you read we shouldn't
             | continue having those things?
        
               | dlkf wrote:
               | Those things require energy. Incremental efficiency
               | improvements will not make a big dent. Either we continue
               | to use the same level of energy, or we start giving
               | things up. It's simple arithmetic.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | _> Spending lots of money, to produce lots of energy, to
               | solve a problem we created by using too much energy..._
               | 
               | How does this argument make sense? Why is producing
               | energy inherently bad if it doesn't put carbon into the
               | atmosphere?
               | 
               |  _> What people don't get is that environmentalists just
               | want to solve the problem in the most cost effective way,
               | and that is to stop destroying the environment we live
               | in._
               | 
               | The most realistic way to stop destroying the environment
               | is to switch to clean energy. That means spending money,
               | and building a lot more nuclear reactors than we
               | currently have. If the climate is truly an emergency,
               | which I believe it is, then it's worth spending the
               | money.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | > Why is producing energy inherently bad if it doesn't
               | put carbon into the atmosphere?
               | 
               | Because it costs money.
               | 
               | Just not polluting in the first place is _cheaper_.
               | 
               | Nuclear is probably an important part of the future
               | energy mix but now we discussed using nuclear energy to
               | _remove carbon from the atmosphere_ and I believe that
               | would be a huge waste of resources compared to just not
               | putting the carbon in the atmosphere in the first place.
               | 
               | Carbon capture is a scam.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | Why do you think carbon capture is a scam? It's not going
               | to replace reduction via reducing new emissions to zero
               | like some people seem to think, but we're also going to
               | need to pull a lot out of the carbon cycle - net zero
               | isn't enough.
               | 
               | We should be pouring a huge amount of money into nuclear
               | fission right now, it's the most straightforward way
               | toward a zero target, and repetition/scale with large
               | series of identical reactors and streamlined regulatory
               | oversight will hopefully make it cost competitive with
               | fossil fuels.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | It's a scam because the cost of removing one ton of CO2
               | using carbon capture (assuming we're talking about direct
               | air capture) is so high that very few would be ready to
               | pay the price to remove their emissions. Again, reducing
               | how much carbon emissions we produce is way cheaper.
               | 
               | I've got nothing against carbon capture technology in
               | principle, but it's not a solution that will let us
               | continue releasing carbon into the atmosphere at anywhere
               | near the current rate.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | Ah, but there are a bunch of other carbon capture
               | solutions, DAC is usually considered among the highest
               | cost.
               | 
               | But yeah, not emitting is cheaper in most cases, and
               | you're right, we can't just slather carbon capture on our
               | current situation and not change anything else.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Bluntly: far fewer people, sustainability built into every
             | process, no more oil, very high cost for transportation
             | unless it is by ship, personal transport will be very
             | costly and you won't do it unless you really have to. Think
             | '1850' but with transistors.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | _> far fewer people_
               | 
               | Also bluntly: how would we do that ethically without
               | severely restricting reproductive rights or "cleansing"
               | populations?
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | What part of birthing billions of children into poverty
               | was ethical again?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That's the problem right there: by asking the question
               | like that you are essentially saying 'children are for
               | the wealthy'. And that's also not how it should be. This
               | is a super hard problem to resolve in a fair way that
               | works in an international setting because you need
               | everybody on board otherwise it will not work. It's the
               | tragedy of the commons endgame.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | This is a problem; with the inertia the system is
               | carrying where there are no "ethical" choices left.
               | That's of course no excuse to pick a horribly fascist and
               | evil one. Yet that seems to be the inference in any
               | conversation where you point out that fact that we're
               | basically fucked. "Oh yeah, well obviously you are a
               | genocidal monster. That must mean we're not fucked."
               | 
               | Uh, no. I'm watching this garbage truck smash into the
               | wall, same as you. We're all in the same boat.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I don't care about what people call me, I'm just pointing
               | out there are too many of us. Historically when there
               | were too many people we ended up with wars or famine. I
               | don't think this time around it will be an exception to
               | that rule, but it's the first time this is happening at
               | this scale. In that sense all bets are off, it is also
               | possible that given such stakes humanity _can_ find it in
               | itself to pull the cart as one but I 'm not too hopeful
               | about that.
               | 
               | We could easily be in 'adapt or die' territory somewhere
               | in the next century.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | > I don't care about what people call me
               | 
               | I hope it's clear from context that I wasn't directing
               | anything at you; we're basically in complete agreement.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | We're well into 'uncomfortable truth' territory on this
               | subject, so you can expect namecalling and downvoting
               | rather than discussion, nothing surprising but people
               | don't like to hear that their life style isn't
               | sustainable.
               | 
               | The majority of people around me would rather invest in
               | holidays and luxury goods than sustainability and aim to
               | increase their footprint rather than that they reduce it.
               | I'm _just_ as guilty because I too live in a wealthy
               | country. And even though I bike when I can and have spent
               | a small fortune on making this house less dependent on
               | outside energy I make myself no illusions: I 'm still a
               | net negative on the environment, far in excess of any
               | developing world denizen. All I have to do to have that
               | reinforced is to look at our trash can, food bill and
               | fuel bill for the times when we do drive. Each of those
               | alone is probably well in excess of our 'proper' budget
               | that would be sustainable.
               | 
               | And for the life of me without stopping all activity I
               | have no idea how I can further reduce it, this is just
               | the world I happen to live in. I guess I could _not_ have
               | had kids, I guess I could live in a tiny shack. But
               | overall everybody in the developed world will increase
               | the problem by virtue of being alive. That 's not good
               | news, but I don't have anything better.
        
               | ahtihn wrote:
               | Struggling for survival is the natural condition of
               | living beings on this planet. What's unethical about
               | birthing children in poverty exactly?
               | 
               | Rich people consume orders of magnitude more resources
               | than poor people so if anything it's unethical for rich
               | people to have children.
        
               | callmeal wrote:
               | >Also bluntly: how would we do that ethically without
               | severely restricting reproductive rights
               | 
               | Exactly. The dismantling of Roe v Wade in the US comes to
               | mind as a form of severely restricting reproductive
               | rights.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | That is a very good question, but it is also the wrong
               | question. The better one would be how are we collectively
               | going to avoid nature doing it for us?
               | 
               | Because I don't know what the solution is but I do know
               | that the alternative is going to be no fun at all. One
               | possibility is that we all end up agreeing that we should
               | at least try to reduce our numbers. My parents brought me
               | up with 'replacement' numbers so that we'd end up with a
               | steady population. I'm not so sure if that was wise. And
               | I'm aware that there are many predictions out there that
               | our numbers will eventually top out (they will, either
               | because we do it ourselves, voluntarily or because our
               | resources will run out, an exponentially expanding
               | population in a fixed environment always ends in
               | collapse).
               | 
               | But unless we manage to massively reduce our impact on
               | the environment I don't see a way for the increased
               | consumption and eventual survival of our societies as we
               | know them today. In another comment someone offhandedly
               | asked whether we should all want leisure yachts or not.
               | The obvious answer to that is 'no'. But we probably also
               | shouldn't all want vehicles and the ability to transport
               | ourselves to the end of the world on a whim. Hard choices
               | are ahead of us, the time for easy answers is long behind
               | us.
        
               | nonethewiser wrote:
               | We wouldn't.
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | > But that's not a satisfying answer for people who have
             | made the climate crisis into a religious issue.
             | 
             | Complete with language about believers and non-believers
        
             | kaba0 wrote:
             | We have enough resources to provide heating and running
             | water for every living person on Earth, it is just not
             | allocated fairly and smartly (e.g. in my country we flush
             | the toilet with very good grade water meant for drinking,
             | because historically we don't have separate piping for less
             | potable water and we are rich in waters).
             | 
             | But do we really need to be able to order some bullshit
             | plastic shit from China for 2 dollars? I think it is only
             | fair to give up that for local production, even if that
             | costs 10 dollars for the same thing. Similarly, do I have
             | to eat argentine beef in Europe? Sure, make it available
             | for a hefty price for the rare occasion, but it really
             | should not be generally available. Fruit that is local and
             | is out of season? Don't import it from Peru, simply wait
             | for it to be in season, or buy some product that was made
             | locally when it was in season, like jam. Strengthening
             | local production would already massively decrease the
             | number of ships we need for minimal inconvenience (hell, it
             | might just be beneficial for the local economy). Do I even
             | have to eat meat each day?
             | 
             | Similary, why don't we ban most kinds of single-use
             | plastics? How often do you buy milk that you plan on
             | drinking while you walk somewhere? Couldn't it be stored
             | inside a container you have to bring back to the shop the
             | next time, or buy again if not? Hell, most liquids meant
             | for drinking could easily come in a few sizes of these
             | reusable bottles. We have goddamn shops that can auto-
             | subtract your bought items simply by camera imaging, don't
             | tell me we don't have the tech to safely and hygienically
             | refill containers, something we had 100 years ago.
             | 
             | As for societal change: do my parents have to live in a
             | separate house with way too much space for them, having
             | them see their grandchildren only occasionally (making
             | parents having to pay for babysitters)? Only so that they
             | can later be cared for by some random person? Sure, not
             | everyone has parents worth living together with, but this
             | tendency that it is somehow a failure to not move out of
             | your parents home is imo very harmful to everyone involved
             | - parent not having enough self-time, grandparents being
             | alone, slowly deteriorating mentally, children not seeing
             | grandparents enough (also, parents having to figure out
             | parenting from zero).
             | 
             | These are not big sacrifices, but we will do them, one way
             | or another. The question is, do we want to do it with self-
             | agency, or let nature run its course?
        
               | montroser wrote:
               | That all sounds okay at an individual level, but to
               | affect the massive change we need, relying on moral self-
               | agency is not going to suffice.
               | 
               | So do you want governments to legislate that you must
               | live with your parents? Or that you must not eat meat?
               | Otherwise it's fine and good that a small share of the
               | populace will make these choices on their own, but we
               | need an order of magnitude more.
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | Carbon tax incentivizes many of my points, but it's not
               | like my points are the sacred script on what to follow.
               | That and some others do require government legislations
               | (which are a good thing in most cases, and ideally are
               | there to protect and serve the people!), e.g. mandating a
               | standard container, others like living with your parents
               | would need a social change, but that can also be
               | influenced by the government, e.g. much less tax on rent
               | in case of multi-generational homes.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > Hell, most liquids meant for drinking could easily come
               | in a few sizes of these reusable bottles
               | 
               | Oh how I wish I could just bring a reusable bottle to
               | some dispenser at the store and refill directly. Milk,
               | common juices, soaps, etc. So many bottles going into
               | trash/recycling all the time.
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | The problem is that absent technology we need to reach 0
               | carbon emissions. Not just what it was in 1950 or 1900
               | but actually 0. This implies a standard of living far
               | worse than you suggest. And even at 0 it will take
               | hundreds of years to undo current warming.
               | 
               | It's not going to be politically feasible since 99% of
               | people don't want to live that way. Thus we have to
               | pursue alternatives.
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | We are currently accelerating towards a cliff. We may not
               | stop the car before the cliff, but the next best thing we
               | can do is getting our legs off the pedal.
               | 
               | Maybe technology will help us achieve that last minute
               | stop we so need, but we have to start somewhere.
        
               | TatersGonnaT8 wrote:
               | Just tax carbon and everyone can decide with their
               | wallets just how much they want to eat meat or imported
               | Peruvian fruits
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | Yes, that's definitely one of the most realistic ways
               | going forward, though the recyclable bottles part would
               | need separate government standards and laws.
        
               | smolder wrote:
               | Meanwhile, I encountered an adult the other day who only
               | drinks from plastic disposable cups so that they don't
               | have to wash dishes.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | But none of the examples you give move the needle enough
               | with regards to climate change.
               | 
               | You're just following what feels like it would be good
               | for the environment (and maybe it is good for your local
               | environment) but isn't actually impactful at a large
               | scale.
               | 
               | You write eloquently, but futilely.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | I think it's not meant to be an exhaustive list of things
               | to do.
               | 
               | Instead, what if it's a mindset: Doing such things, and
               | 1000 others, some of them vastly more important than
               | others.
               | 
               | And you can add to the list (instead of just saying "it
               | won't work").
               | 
               | E.g. high car gas taxes, so there'll be trains, buses and
               | bike lanes instead for everyone.
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | Eating less beef will reduce the market price and make it
               | cheaper for everyone else, increasing their consumption
               | accordingly.
               | 
               | The whole point of a capitalist economy is to "route
               | around inefficiency", in the same way the internet is
               | designed to "route around damage". Any single player or
               | even a large contingent of players, who act
               | inefficiently, are only increasing the alpha available
               | for another player to exploit.
               | 
               | "Inefficiency" in this sense is anything that doesn't
               | maximize personal benefit - profit or other quality of
               | life. Anything that is legal according to the rules of
               | the game (or tolerated by society) is going to happen
               | whether it's you that does it or someone else.
               | 
               | The only long term solution is that if this is what needs
               | to happen, we have to encode that into "the rules" so
               | everyone plays by that rule. Personal recycling or
               | personal consumption reduction does nothing at a social
               | level, and in fact is pushed as a deliberate stalling
               | tactic to avoid and stall those political actions which
               | could have a real impact.
               | 
               | This is also the problem with bitcoin - any one player
               | choosing not to participate in mining only increases the
               | reward for the remaining players who will continue to
               | participate. If there is only one person on the planet
               | willing to mine, she gets all the rewards. So simply
               | choosing not to mine does nothing, you're just
               | transferring profit to someone else.
               | 
               | Humanity has already built the first AIs, they are
               | emergent paperclip-maximizers encoded into the bylaws of
               | corporations and market structures. And they will route
               | around any attempt to un-maximize paperclip production
               | according to whatever levers we continue to give them. If
               | you don't want people to eat as much beef, you have to
               | build that rule into the system, it'll never happen due
               | to personal-level changes in behavior.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | > Doing such things, and 1000 others, some of them vastly
               | more important than others.
               | 
               | That doesn't make any sense why would we make sacrifices
               | that are not important.
        
               | walleeee wrote:
               | Futility becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy way too
               | easily to let it persuade one not to do what one thinks
               | is right
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | Harming yourself, advising others to harm themselves, and
               | advocating for your government to enforce harm is not
               | "right".
               | 
               | Further, even if what you advocate isn't exactly harmful,
               | just neutral (ie eating local vegetables instead of
               | imported, nevermind that the carbon footprint difference
               | is negligible) wasting valuable political capital on
               | useless gestures is objectively wrong.
        
             | gjulianm wrote:
             | > while putting a substantial portion of GDP into building
             | nuclear reactors and removing carbon from the atmosphere.
             | 
             | The first thing takes years and we still don't have
             | feasible technology for the second. Not to mention that we
             | would still have a lot of emissions from transport,
             | manufacture, and meat consumption.
             | 
             | A technological silver bullet would be cool but the reality
             | is that we don't have one and there's nothing in the near
             | future. But reducing our consumption is something we can
             | start doing now.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | The problem with the term "silver bullet" when used in
               | these discussions is that it's used to dismiss any
               | proposal for a technological solution. I can flip that
               | around and say "a societal silver bullet would be cool
               | but the reality is that we aren't going to convince
               | people to reduce their consumption." Which I actually
               | sort of believe. I think a technological solution has a
               | much better chance of succeeding than a social one.
               | 
               | I'm not saying there's a silver bullet, I just think it's
               | our decision as a society whether or not we invest in
               | these technologies and do the work of developing them to
               | the point that they actually have a chance of solving the
               | problem. We were able to make rapid progress on nuclear
               | in the 1940s and space flight in the 1960s. We have the
               | resources, but it doesn't seem like we have the political
               | will this time.
        
               | virgildotcodes wrote:
               | If someone came to you with a problem on a project, and
               | you had a hard deadline of the end of the week, and you
               | had two ways to go about it - 1) this is gonna be a pain
               | in the ass to implement, you'll all be pulling 12 hour
               | days but it's straightforward and crystal clear in how
               | this directly addresses the problem, and 2) some
               | completely unproven solution, that even when fully
               | implemented the math/logic doesn't really work out in
               | terms of it solving the problem, but there's some small
               | hope that it might for some reason, and you'll get to
               | wrap up the week on a Thursday no sweat (the honest
               | reason), which do you spend the rest of your week
               | pursuing?
               | 
               | Now imagine it's not just some meaningless project at
               | your job but a matter of life and death for the majority
               | of life on Earth, which do you pursue?
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | It's a very bad analogy because we have no know working
               | solution. We simply have never achieved zero carbon
               | emissions given a modern world of 8 billion people.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | We have in fact several known working solutions. You
               | don't have to implement a solution to know that it works.
               | The problem is that they cost money to implement and
               | nobody wants to pay.
        
               | virgildotcodes wrote:
               | We certainly do have a known solution to emissions, it's
               | to cut them. The most straightforward way to do that is
               | to cut consumption, drop standards of living.
               | 
               | The solution is crystal clear, we have real life working
               | examples right now all over the world, for example the
               | people living in Bangladesh are at a level of consumption
               | that would actually be sustainable for all 8 billion of
               | us to embrace.
               | 
               | The solution is clear, it's just that we don't like it,
               | so we readily embrace the magical thinking that we can
               | have our cake and eat it too.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Growing up biomass is a good way to eliminate carbon from
               | the atmosphere. You can build or make product from the
               | biomass, or even just throw it into a deep ocean trench.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | The problem with this is scale and cost. We essentially
               | need to unburn all the coal and oil were burnt in the
               | last hundred years or so. That gigantic amounts of mass.
        
             | jshen wrote:
             | " What does the alternative future look like where we solve
             | the climate crisis by changing the way we live and organize
             | society? Personally, I would prefer to continue having
             | electricity, heat, running water, sewage treatment,
             | shipping, transportation, and the internet."
             | 
             | This is either dishonest or ignorant. We can make a huge
             | difference by moving faster to solar, eating a lot less
             | meat, living in denser settings rather than suburbs, living
             | in smaller houses, switching to heat pumps, not driving
             | huge trucks and SUVs, avoid so much waste particularly in
             | food, driving less, etc.
        
             | febra_ wrote:
             | > while putting a substantial portion of GDP into building
             | nuclear reactors and removing carbon from the atmosphere.
             | 
             | So, the first one taking decades and the second one being a
             | meme """solution""" for the science illiterate?
        
             | titzer wrote:
             | It's not about religion, but about empathy and justice.
             | Some people actually think that other forms of life on this
             | planet have a right to exist, and there's no question at
             | all that human life has been catastrophically bad for
             | virtually every other form of life on this Earth. You can't
             | just apply an energy patch and presto-reverso the carbon
             | content in the atmosphere; we've managed to seriously
             | disrupt global ecosystems and going nuclear doesn't fix
             | that. We're gobbling this planet up, and there's just
             | frankly too many of us to keep living at the standard of
             | living we are.
             | 
             | > Personally, I would prefer to continue having
             | electricity, heat, running water, sewage treatment,
             | shipping, transportation, and the internet.
             | 
             | Incredibly tone deaf, frankly, when _most_ past humans had
             | none of those things and yet dealt with it, living actual
             | full lives. We 've basically forgotten what we are, what we
             | came from, and believe we _deserve_ Saturday morning
             | cartoons.
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | I'm not saying it's a magic fix, I'm saying it's a really
               | hard problem that we can solve if we put the resources
               | and brain power into it. But some people apparently think
               | that even trying to solve the problem is pointless.
               | Needless to say, I disagree.
               | 
               |  _> Incredibly tone deaf, frankly, when most past humans
               | had none of those things and yet dealt with it, living
               | actual full lives. We've basically forgotten what we are,
               | what we came from, and believe we deserve Saturday
               | morning cartoons._
               | 
               | We came from a history of mostly starving, struggling for
               | survival, dying of infections, dying during childbirth,
               | being illiterate, and having little shelter or comfort. I
               | think this nostalgia for the past is a golden age fallacy
               | that needs to die. Technology has vastly improved human
               | life and taking it away is essentially a call for
               | reducing the standard of living for everybody.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | > We came from a history of mostly starving, struggling
               | for survival, dying of infections, dying during
               | childbirth, being illiterate, and having little shelter
               | or comfort. I think this nostalgia for the past is a
               | golden age fallacy that needs to die. Technology has
               | vastly improved human life and taking it away is
               | essentially a call for reducing the standard of living
               | for everybody.
               | 
               | The past wasn't sunbeams and frolicking in meadows, but
               | your take on it is totally off base. The fact is that in
               | every period of (Western) history, the wealthy have
               | always lived incredibly comfortable and enjoyable lives.
               | Modern technology isn't the determinant variable. They
               | did it by harnessing their respective civilizations--it
               | was absolutely not equitable. They rested atop a pyramid
               | of other people. And so do you and I! We do not live in
               | equitable times globally. To the extent that we've made
               | any strides morally, it's only that we've substituted
               | technology and industrialization for slavery and
               | oppression. But under no configuration is modern life
               | sustainable for 8 billion people, energy, living space,
               | and raw materials wise, so this situation is going to
               | keep drawing down the reservoir until there is a brutal
               | correction.
               | 
               | I also think your characterization of all of history
               | being "mostly starving, struggling for survival, dying of
               | infections, dying during childbirth, being illiterate,
               | and having little shelter or comfort" is frankly tripe.
               | As if native peoples lives (over hundreds of thousands of
               | years, indeed) are such utter trash that they need to be
               | rescued from it by technology. "Oh, the poor brown people
               | living such primitive lives, how sad. Let's do a mission
               | to convert them to consumerism and fill their lives with
               | junk, get them some jobs and atomize their tribes." I
               | invite you to visit basically any place on Earth that is
               | not Europe or North America. It's frankly a white/western
               | superiority complex and technology is just a fig leaf
               | over it, a fundamental belief that today's way of life is
               | the only one worth living and is so obviously superior
               | that it cannot be questioned. I mean, those stupid native
               | Americans and their huts. Good thing we fixed that,
               | right?
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | Without modern, western, industrial technology 50% of all
               | people die before reaching adulthood:
               | https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-in-the-past
               | 
               | This is reproducible across time, geography and culture.
               | It is the basic condition of humanity.
               | 
               | > I invite you to visit basically any place on Earth that
               | is not Europe or North America. It's frankly a
               | white/western superiority complex and technology is just
               | a fig leaf over it, a fundamental belief that today's way
               | of life is the only one worth living
               | 
               | I invite you to do the same, and ask the people you'd
               | meet if they'd prefer if half their children died in
               | their arms or if they'd prefer to live without
               | electricity, or antibiotics, or fertilizer, or
               | telecommunications, or vaccines, or, or, or....
               | 
               | > But under no configuration is modern life sustainable
               | for 8 billion people, energy, living space, and raw
               | materials wise, so this situation is going to keep
               | drawing down the reservoir until there is a brutal
               | correction.
               | 
               | If billions are going to die either way then instead of
               | just giving up we should be trying everything in our
               | power to improve our technology to increase the carrying
               | capacity of the earth and escape another malthusian trap
               | as we've done so many times in the past.
               | 
               | Unless of course you want billions to die.
               | 
               | As an aside, I'm very disturbed to realize this screed is
               | coming from someone of your stature in the tech
               | community.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | > As an aside, I'm very disturbed to realize this screed
               | is coming from someone of your stature in the tech
               | community.
               | 
               | Oh geesh. As if the lines of code I have written are what
               | I put forth to vouch for this. We should divorce the tech
               | fantasies from the meatspace realities. My opinions are
               | based on the many, many, non-tech days that I've spent
               | roaming the Earth[1] and have seen what humans as a whole
               | are really up to. I've spent a whole lot of time picking
               | up garbage off beaches and roadsides and over the course
               | of my short life have already seen the forests and fields
               | of my youth get gobbled up by Lowes's and Burger Kings
               | and endless, endless sprawl and greed. When I see a
               | hundred acres of corn get sold off for 6 million bucks
               | and the only thing that is built on it is a gas station,
               | it dawns me that it's just another transaction in a long,
               | long line of trading what was here before for the now--
               | forests, trees, raccoons, foxes, wolves, beatles, ants,
               | birds, bees, all...woosh. I guess tomorrow it'll be a
               | solar/wind-powered datacenter and we'll all pat ourselves
               | on the back. But we're fruits or flowers on the tree of
               | life, and we're sawing its branches off.
               | 
               | What I find disturbing, but not really surprising, given
               | how virtualized and fake our worlds and imaginations have
               | become, just how blinkered the tech sector is, as if
               | exponential growth is going to continue forever and
               | matter and energy are just going to suddenly take up our
               | growthism mindset and help us boost our fever dreams
               | of...what...a hundred billion people on Earth? Or of 8
               | billion Elon Musks whisking around the planet on private
               | jets? I honestly don't know what people expect. The
               | exponential curve would naturally become an S curve at
               | some point, but unfortunately we aren't aiming for that.
               | We've already overshot, and the reservoir we are drawing
               | down will eventually run dry, and that's a brutal, brutal
               | crash.
               | 
               | And if you take my opinion for advocating _any_ fascist-
               | sounding, eugenics-sounding, kill-the-baddies-sounding
               | recommendation, then you 're reading something in I
               | didn't write. Like if pointing out we're headed for a
               | cliff turns into an argument about the two options:
               | magically sprout wings or all of us cut our legs off the
               | knees. It's a total non-sequitur and binary thinking.
               | 
               | [1] And yeah, it's true that I've been able to roam said
               | Earth because of tech that's been invented in the last
               | 50-100 years. And yes, I am lucky. And yes we are having
               | this conversation because of tech, and yes, I don't feel
               | great about the unsustainability of the lifestyle that
               | all of us, including me, live.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | I see your perspective but I think that it is basically
               | wrong. Your worldview misses a few key points:
               | 
               | 1. The human growth explosion already happened. We're
               | dealing with the end stage of it over the next 50-100
               | years. There will never be a world of "a hundred billion
               | people on Earth" since it turns out people don't want to
               | reproduce that much. We'll hit peak human this century
               | which means that we actually do have a shot at giving all
               | people a decent lifestyle if we develop our technology
               | and have abundant energy. Exponential growth is just not
               | required. The Ehrlichian doomsday was never going to
               | happen.
               | 
               | 2. The past was actually really bad, even for the
               | wealthiest. Disease, starvation, and violence were
               | actually rampant. Rewinding the development clock in rich
               | areas, or pausing it in developing areas, would be
               | equivalent to the largest crimes against humanity ever
               | perpetrated.
               | 
               | I find your rejection of this basic fact of history by
               | writing things like: "if native peoples lives (over
               | hundreds of thousands of years, indeed) are such utter
               | trash that they need to be rescued from it by technology"
               | or "Incredibly tone deaf, frankly, when most past humans
               | had none of those things and yet dealt with it, living
               | actual full lives. We've basically forgotten what we are,
               | what we came from, and believe we deserve Saturday
               | morning cartoons." to be wildly ignorant. These people
               | suffered, for millions of years, and still they suffer
               | today. Alleviating this suffering is not optional.
               | Frankly only someone who grew up in the utterly privilege
               | western culture could ever think or write something like
               | this.
               | 
               | 3. Humans are not separate from nature. This one is
               | counter-intuitive and hard to swallow but the truth is
               | all human activity is natural, Lowes and Burger Kings are
               | just a natural as forests. Nature is utterly impersonal.
               | It has no morality or opinion. Sometimes one species gets
               | a lot of adaptions that let it dominate and reshape the
               | rest of nature into the way it sees fit. Then other
               | species evolve to fill the new niches that are created.
               | We make a lot of plastic now, but bacteria are starting
               | to evolve to eat it, is plastic bad for nature? It's a
               | nonsensical question. Plastic is nature.
               | 
               | It's fine to not like this and prefer some parts of
               | nature over others, I certainly do, but no part of it is
               | "better" or "worse" it just IS. Any morality you assign
               | to it is purely your own opinion. You're right that
               | keeping 8 billion humans fed and happy has a big impact
               | on the rest of nature. But the only moral dimension that
               | impact has is: will it cause more or less human
               | suffering?
               | 
               | Sometimes the answer is yes, and we should stop.
               | Sometimes is no and we have a moral duty to reconfigure
               | nature to our liking. Most of the time the answer is:
               | "it's not clear" and then people argue about it and
               | sometimes pass laws.
               | 
               | But crucially it's all about humanity.
               | 
               | > And if you take my opinion for advocating any fascist-
               | sounding, eugenics-sounding, kill-the-baddies-sounding
               | recommendation, then you're reading something in I didn't
               | write
               | 
               | But surely you must realize that the malthusian collapse
               | that you anticipate will be characterized by
               | authoritarian violence. Times of resource scarcity always
               | are. So by embracing a defeatist philosophy you
               | implicitly endorse it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | Why would I accept that there's this doomsday barreling
           | towards us at high speed, and the only way to avoid it is
           | economic devastation and serfdom for my grandchildren?
           | 
           | That sounds an awful lot like a long con.
           | 
           | Most rational people have arrived at the very reasonable
           | conclusion that the more extreme the danger is, the more
           | justified we are in attempting cutting edge countermeasures.
           | So when the response we get back is "oh no, you can't do
           | that, anything but that!"... the more it sounds like it was a
           | grift all along.
           | 
           | This requires no conspiracy, by the way. Large groups of
           | people can subconsciously coordinate in these ways without
           | even realizing they're doing it. Just takes a bit of
           | groupthink and a small dab of neuroticism.
        
             | ImHereToVote wrote:
             | Personally I can't wait for the democracy is white
             | supremacy memes coming at us in a couple of months/years.
        
           | concordDance wrote:
           | > What many aren't capable of is accepting the conclusion
           | that we all have to change the way we live and quite possibly
           | even the way we organize society in order to mitigate the
           | irreperable problems our way of living has already caused
           | 
           | That's because this has never actually been shown. So many
           | people think it has, but almost none have ever seen an actual
           | attempt at a QALY calculation for no climate change
           | mitigation. If you've actually seen one I'd love you to link
           | it!
           | 
           | Mostly it's lots of handwaving, but attempting to quantify
           | things is actually important so we can know what measures are
           | worthwhile (e.g. if climate change was an existential risk
           | this century then threatening with nukes any country emitting
           | CO2 would be reasonable).
        
         | the__alchemist wrote:
         | The harebrained patch you describe has already been applied,
         | and I can't find the reboot button.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | This is precisely why we shouldn't dismiss skeptics about the
         | cause of climate change as "climate change deniers." Its
         | clearly maligning - someone who doesn't deny the climate is
         | changing is obviously not a climate change denier.
         | 
         | If we don't understand all the variables we're probably going
         | through make things worse. Given how complicated weather and
         | climate are and how are models are not perfect, that seems
         | inevitable if we embrace geoengineering.
        
       | brutusborn wrote:
       | Not a bad thread but misses a critical point.
       | 
       | If the Sulfur emissions policies were known for >5 years and
       | discussed for >10 years why aren't they part of mainstream
       | climate models?
       | 
       | The best answer I could find was essentially that models use a
       | proxy for aerosols and so including the new policy might cause
       | "double counting" of this forcing. This 'conservatism' caused
       | this effect to be left out of the models.
       | 
       | So the story is basically that current mainstream models
       | underestimated warming due to them ignoring this effect. But if
       | they are missing this forcing, what other "insignificant"
       | forcings are missing? Are they positive or negative? Are there
       | other observations that don't match the models?
       | 
       | This has really shaken my faith in the climate science community.
       | I'm starting to think ClimateGate wasn't the nothingburger the
       | media made it out to be.
        
         | js8 wrote:
         | > This has really shaken my faith in the climate science
         | community
         | 
         | Are you kidding me?
         | 
         | Activist climate scientists (like James Hansen) have warned for
         | decades that IPCC reports are likely too conservative, because
         | they represent broad consensus of climatologists.
         | 
         | Yet climate deniers continued to decry IPCC (also for decades)
         | as too radical, political organization.
         | 
         | And now that the conservativism of IPCC is finally coming to
         | public consciousness, you decide to side with the deniers, as
         | if they were right all along?
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | There's no reason the IPCC can't report on more conservative
           | models whilst keeping all relevant effects in accurate
           | models. Usually their conservatism is in choosing more
           | realistic assumptions. In this case they ignored a realistic
           | effect.
           | 
           | I'm not siding with anyone. I'm criticising a particular
           | groups models which they have admitted to not contain
           | critical effects and thus don't match recent observations. I
           | don't deny climate change, I deny that the IPCC models are
           | good.
        
             | scaramanga wrote:
             | Yes, that's precisely the sort of thing that would elicit
             | flak. If they openly say "here is an under-egged model for
             | the climate deniers, but here is the real, alarming model"
             | which one do you think their climate-denying flack machines
             | are going to take aim at?
             | 
             | "No, you think fox news would really do that? cherry pick
             | data?!" :)
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | So just to clarify, you agree that "the models are
               | inaccurate" is true, but that is is because of pressure
               | from climate deniers and is systematically conservative.
               | 
               | So because of political pressure, the modellers didn't
               | include a well known effect and missed predicting the
               | highest temperatures on record. A model confirming event
               | which could have convinced millions that climate is worth
               | worrying about.
               | 
               | But instead the IPCC listened to fox and neutered their
               | models? I think that is a lot less likely than "their
               | models aren't very accurate, they simplified a part of
               | the model which turned out to be very important."
        
           | RandomLensman wrote:
           | Where is the conservatism coming to the public consciousness?
           | I don't think that is the case as such.
        
           | scaramanga wrote:
           | Yes, this is like my relatives who voted Tory because
           | immigrants are taking their benefits away. Only to enter old-
           | age with the Tories taking their healthcare and their
           | benefits away. These are tragic and self-defeating people. It
           | doesn't mean they aren't stupid or dangerous to the rest of
           | us. Or that they aren't responsible for the consequences of
           | their own actions. But that they do stuff which is illogical,
           | self-harming, or counter-productive shouldn't be surprising.
        
             | brutusborn wrote:
             | If you think criticising a model for not matching
             | observations is illogical, then I don't think you have a
             | very good understanding of logic.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | lacrimacida wrote:
             | I wouldn't solely hold them to blame but also point to who
             | manipulated them in the first place. While they are
             | blamable through ignorance they are not the real culprits
             | It's known the masses are manipulable to do and think in
             | certain ways, and almost always to their disadvantage
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | I can't take a normal person seriously who, with apparent
               | (imagined) perfect awareness, talks about the masses as a
               | blob of stupid individuals who can't think a critical
               | thought.
               | 
               | The real reason the masses often act irrationally--
               | counter to the _manipulation_ that your brain has
               | received--is that they have no power or coordination to
               | act as a group themselves. It has got little to do with
               | ignorance.
        
         | paulmd wrote:
         | The models have underpredicted the temperature rise throughout
         | my entire living memory. Even the "pessimistic" scenarios of
         | high-temperature-rise have been blasted right through on a
         | yearly basis. The model is drastically, dramatically
         | understating the natural feedback loops involved and the amount
         | of temperature rise that's going to happen.
         | 
         | Feedback loops like methane release are likely also hugely
         | understated, as another practical example.
         | 
         | A large amount of this is due to political manipulation and
         | pressure. Researchers are afraid of the way the issue has been
         | politicized, and generally don't want to go out on a limb for
         | fear of personal reputational damage or consequences to the
         | field of study as a whole. Even just 15 years ago, in the
         | 2000s, conservative-dominated media was _begging_ for someone
         | to step over the line so they could cancel them Dixie Chicks
         | style and pronounce the entire field of study as discredited.
         | 
         | People spend way too much time on "but what if the models are
         | overstating the problem" and they don't, actually they aren't
         | even centered on the actual rate of increase, we pre-
         | manipulated the model by building in all these stabilizing
         | assumptions and even the pessimistic scenarios are actually
         | quite optimistic. And then people apply additional optimistic
         | "cheater factors" on top of that, and we still can't get to a
         | situation in which the climate is not drastically deteriorated
         | in a hundred years.
         | 
         | As I said, we have blasted through the most pessimistic
         | assumptions on a yearly basis, the models are very clearly _not
         | aggressive enough_ about the temperature rises that are going
         | to happen this century.
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | I don't disagree that there could be lots of other
           | forcings/tipping points etc, but I hear lots of conjecture
           | and don't see the effect as much in actual predictions /
           | models. I do disagree that if they are not included in our
           | models, then we must be systemically underestimating warming.
           | 
           | Why do you assume the missing effects will make the situation
           | worse?
           | 
           | If the model is missing positive forcings, what makes you so
           | sure that they have included all the negative forcings?
        
             | paulmd wrote:
             | > Why do you assume the missing effects will make the
             | situation worse?
             | 
             | > If the model is missing positive forcings, what makes you
             | so sure that they have included all the negative forcings?
             | 
             | I don't think they have included all the negative forcings,
             | but I think that's irrelevant because the observed evidence
             | is that the unincluded positive forcings are significantly
             | larger than the unincluded negative forcings.
             | 
             | All that matters is the net balance, and the fact that the
             | climate is systematically exceeding the most wildly
             | pessimistic predictions our model provides, shows that the
             | model is not neutrally-calibrated with the present
             | assumptions. There is a significant positive _net balance_
             | (including any negative forcing) that our model is
             | understating.
             | 
             | At any given time that could be a lot or a little, but,
             | right now it seems to be "a lot". And the fact that it's
             | been that way for 30 years, says that this isn't a short-
             | term thing. And in fact the rate of departure from the
             | model is accelerating too - the second derivative and third
             | derivates seem to be strongly positive. We are not just
             | getting farther away from the model, we are getting farther
             | away faster and accelerating as we do it.
             | 
             | Could that all change tomorrow when some other effect kicks
             | in and plunges us into a nuclear winter or whatever? No,
             | probably not, but that's the kind of hope that conservative
             | media has been selling people for 40 years.
             | 
             | When scientists give a neutral "well, anything could happen
             | but..." response, all the public hears is "you're saying
             | there's a chance". Nope, we're blasting through all the
             | guardrails of the model on a yearly basis, we're pretty
             | fucked.
             | 
             | And yes, there's also the possibility that we've
             | unintentionally been geoengineering something for a while
             | and when we stop ships from putting out sulfur (because it
             | causes acid rain) that we suddenly jump even higher.
             | 
             | Getting to the "disease, famine, endless wildfires (way too
             | many to keep under control), storms with the power to level
             | cities and blot out the sun" portion of the Toby Ruins It
             | For Everyone video.
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc1vrO6iL0U
             | 
             | And yes, it is absolutely too late to stop and the best we
             | can do is try to limit the impacts... which will continue
             | to worsen until we do (and then for about another 20 years
             | after we cease net emissions). Which is why the
             | conservative media will jump right from "it's not real/it's
             | not human caused/it's not bad enough to do anything about
             | it" right to "wow it's too late, let's do nothing". Which
             | is the same thing they've wanted us to do all along, ofc...
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | What's the evidence for "observed evidence is that the
               | unincluded positive forcings are significantly larger
               | than the unincluded negative forcings"?
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | The fact that we're continually exceeding the most
               | pessimistic projections the models can produce on a
               | yearly basis, even after repeatedly recalibrating it to
               | build in even more pessimistic assumptions, and that
               | we're tending to depart more strongly from even the
               | pessimistic models.
               | 
               | This implies that the models are broadly understating
               | these feedback loops, that they are net-balance in the
               | positive-feedback direction, and that they are becoming
               | more active in the current climate behavior regime.
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | That isn't evidence of the previous statement.
               | 
               | If we continually exceed model predictions, it could be
               | from underestimating known positive forcings,
               | overestimating known negative forcings, or some
               | combination of unknown positive/negative forcings.
               | 
               | Essentially I think continuous failed predictions are a
               | red flag for any model, especially one as critical to us
               | as the global climate models.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Strictly speaking that is not sufficient as it only holds
               | for the current part of the climate evolution and not the
               | future one. It could be that currently positive forcing
               | is underestimated while in the future negative forcing
               | is.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | If it is too late to stop might as well aggressively
               | geoengineer and see if it pans out, no? We sort of know
               | we can cool the planet if we wanted to.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | Cooling the planet doesn't make the oceans less acidic.
        
           | usaar333 wrote:
           | > The models have underpredicted the temperature rise
           | throughout my entire living memory.
           | 
           | This doesn't seem historically true. They seem more or less
           | on point with some overshooting and some undershooting:
           | https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-well-have-
           | climate-m...
        
             | brutusborn wrote:
             | It's a good summary but I don't think the data actually
             | support their conclusion that "While some models projected
             | less warming than we've experienced and some projected
             | more, all showed surface temperature increases between 1970
             | and 2016 that were not too far off from what actually
             | occurred." +/- 15 % over the last 3 IPCC reports is a lot
             | of missing energy. The models are getting better but I
             | don't think matching 50 year trends that are essentially
             | linear proves that they are accurate for long term
             | forecasting.
             | 
             | I'd be interested to see a new comparison for this years
             | heatwave. I don't think models would fare as well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jonathankoren wrote:
         | What? How are you equating a misinformation plot that at its
         | core was promoting the lie that the climate wasn't actually
         | warming, but rather _cooling_ with a web celeb alleging that
         | models _underestimated_ the amount amount of _warming_?
         | 
         | How are these even in the same galaxy, let alone the same
         | thing?
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | I'm not sure what you're referring to. ClimateGate was about
           | the quality of evidence for early global warming studies. It
           | claimed that scientists were hiding bad data and evidence
           | that their models had problems.
           | 
           | This seems very similar: models missing data and forcing but
           | not being criticised when they miss a once in a century
           | confirmation event.
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | No. The "scandal" was they were hiding evidence of cooling.
             | If you don't remember, read the article. Look at who
             | promoted it.
             | 
             | Literally no one promoting that bullshit believed that
             | models were underreporting the effects and causes climate
             | change.
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | The hiding of cooling was implied in the problems in the
               | data/models. It's a moot point really, the scientists did
               | some dodgy stuff, whether they were exaggerating warming
               | or hiding cooling doesn't make much difference to their
               | integrity.
        
               | roneythomas6 wrote:
               | How could cooling be implied from climategate leaks, when
               | climategate deniers where saying "There is no
               | relationship whatsoever between human activities and
               | climate change."?
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | If the leaks show that some models and data were ignored
               | that show cooling then you can imply that they were
               | hiding cooling.
               | 
               | You can also imply that their warming models and data
               | reconstructions were not very accurate. Either way many
               | climate scientists have a history of shadiness, just look
               | at all the Dr Mann lawsuits pending.
        
         | raggi wrote:
         | > If the Sulfur emissions policies were known for >5 years and
         | discussed for >10 years why aren't they part of mainstream
         | climate models?
         | 
         | Why do you believe that they are not?
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | https://twitter.com/leonsimons8/status/1666729264270520322?s.
           | ..
        
             | raggi wrote:
             | https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/community-projects/lens2
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | It doesn't sound like their sulphate correction was due
               | to policy changes.
               | 
               | Do you know how this model went with this years
               | predictions?
        
               | raggi wrote:
               | I do not, this is not my area of expertise. Cross
               | integrations are ongoing, for example the model presented
               | in https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/11/11707/2011/acp-
               | 11-117... (among others) was cross integrated for CESM2
               | by relatively recent contributions:
               | https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/8669/2022/ (the
               | latter incidentally explains some of the challenges)
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | ClimateGate alleged a conspiracy. This is a difference of
         | assumptions.
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | I'm saying I used to think climategate was all conspiracy
           | theory nonsense. Now I think there was likely an attempt to
           | hide unhelpful data.
        
             | roneythomas6 wrote:
             | I think you are miss remembering what climategate was.
             | Climategate deniers where saying "There is no relationship
             | whatsoever between human activities and climate change" and
             | they released some out of context emails to support their
             | claims. How does finding out sulphur reduction was masking
             | actual warming effect make climate science any wrong.
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | I read many of the emails recently so I don't think I am
               | misremembering.
               | 
               | The missing sulphur effect suggests mainstream climate
               | models are incomplete, which makes one skeptical of their
               | results. In the same way deleted data and other shadiness
               | during ClimateGate made people skeptical of the science
               | then.
        
             | hotdogscout wrote:
             | Climategate was definitely real even if it obviously does
             | not disprove or relate to human-driven climate change.
             | 
             | Scientists are sometimes politically motivated and will
             | resort to lying to push their point. This romanticization
             | of scientists and scientific institutions as inherently
             | above lying and fraud is mythological. I see it happening
             | on engineering research that has zero political relevance,
             | imagine research that does.
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | The way I see it is the media conflated "ClimateGate
               | deniers think global warming is false" with "ClimateGate
               | deniers think global warming models aren't scientific."
               | 
               | Any politicised science should be treated with extreme.
               | skepticism
        
               | hotdogscout wrote:
               | >Any politicised science should be treated with extreme.
               | skepticism
               | 
               | Proximal Origin[1] and the deliberate manufactured
               | narrative of conflating criticism of it's blatant flaws
               | to a conspiracy theory[2,3,4] was diabolical, I
               | personally hope Nature's reputation is destroyed because
               | of it.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9
               | 
               | [2] https://theintercept.com/2023/07/12/covid-documents-
               | house-re...
               | 
               | [3] https://theintercept.com/2023/01/19/covid-origin-nih-
               | emails/
               | 
               | [4] https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/why-proximal-
               | origins-mu...
        
               | brutusborn wrote:
               | I find the Covid origin stuff weird because it seems so
               | obvious that a lab leak was a possibility. Politicising
               | the lab leak hypothesis did a lot of damage to
               | institutional trust.
               | 
               | Covid origins, vaccine harms and global warming are just
               | the most obvious examples of politicised science causing
               | problems. It's basically irreversible once sides have
               | chosen their respective beliefs to include in their
               | dogma. Take this thread as an example: I comment on
               | accuracy of climate models and someone compares me to
               | Trump.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | stephen_g wrote:
       | I can't remember who (maybe he's quoted further in the thread
       | than I quickly scrolled) but there's a scientist who has been
       | talking about this on Twitter for a long time (when I used to use
       | it). Pretty scary these things can happen, but he was warning
       | basically we are further along with global heating than we
       | thought and this pollution was just masking some of the effect in
       | the Northern Hemsiphere of CO2 we'd already released. We were
       | always going to have to stop sulfur emissions, might have just
       | been better perhaps to have a bit more gradual phase out to
       | soften the shock...
        
         | metamet wrote:
         | > I can't remember who (maybe he's quoted further in the thread
         | than I quickly scrolled) but there's a scientist who has been
         | talking about this on Twitter for a long time (when I used to
         | use it).
         | 
         | Was it Leon Simons? https://twitter.com/LeonSimons8
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | The way Green is presenting this doesn't sit quite right with
         | me. From day one of the sea temperature anomalies it's been
         | said it's mainly because of these emissions no longer
         | happening. But I guess it's the way it has to be presented to
         | reach the masses.
        
         | ChatGTP wrote:
         | Sorry if it's a naive question but if it was actually helping
         | the situation, why do we need to stop?
         | 
         | So it seems the sulfur was removed for the obvious season that
         | it's not good for respiratory health, but it may be a necessary
         | evil for sometime ?
        
           | croes wrote:
           | And sulfur leads to acid rain and ozone depletion.
        
           | shinryuu wrote:
           | Also contributes to ocean acidification which isn't great.
        
             | developer93 wrote:
             | Specifically because it kills sea life which reduces the
             | amount of carbon the sea can hold. And for a lot more
             | reasons.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | There are people saying we should not just not stop, but even
           | increase sulfur injection:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_aerosol_injectio.
           | ..
           | 
           | The thing is, this is not a one time solution. We would have
           | to do it continuously, or else the temperature would quickly
           | rise again. And we would have to increase sulphur injection
           | if the CO2 level keeps rising. It could be a temporary
           | solution though, e.g. until all countries switch to nuclear
           | energy eventually and reduce CO2 emissions.
        
             | ChatGTP wrote:
             | Yeah I just read this, not really sure what the
             | alternatives are now? Looks like the situation is spiraling
             | out of control so...??
             | 
             | Cover Greenland in a reflective blanket?
             | 
             | Sounds like it is time to panic...and actually do what
             | needs to be done.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | labster wrote:
               | The time to panic was 1980. We're well past that point by
               | now, and have already committed to at least a whole
               | degree of warming, if not more.
               | 
               | > Cover Greenland in a reflective blanket?
               | 
               | Ha! I want to see a study on this now. Greenland already
               | has high albedo so it wouldn't be that effective; it
               | would protect the ice sheet but also be covered by new
               | snow, if any.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | The best time to panic was 1980. The next best time is
               | right now.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | We should definitely not write for The Hitchhikers Guide
               | to the Galaxy.
        
               | mdekkers wrote:
               | I don't think I should be writing for anything, and I'm
               | surprised I'm allowed to here!
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | To be fair, if we did mostly stop fossil fuel exploration
             | and emissions right now we would get a quick reduction of
             | antropogenic warming into some 80% to 90% of the current
             | amount in some 4 decades due to some fast-degrading gases
             | that are not CO2.
             | 
             | That said, we won't stop fossil fuel exploration and the
             | related emissions, so yes, it's temporary.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Fossil fuels are being replaced pretty fast, but it will
               | be several decades before the transition is complete.
        
             | concordDance wrote:
             | > until all countries switch to nuclear energy eventually
             | and reduce CO2 emissions.
             | 
             | I'm confused. CO2 will still be in the atmosphere warming
             | the planet once emissions stop. So we'd still need to be
             | constantly emitting sulfur.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | I think CO2 would go down naturally after some time. But
               | maybe we actually need to actively remove it, which is
               | way harder.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | > I think CO2 would go down naturally after some time.
               | 
               | How? Where does the carbon go?
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | Eaten by plants, turned into coal. Atmospheric CO2 will
               | indeed go down, after... some time.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | My understanding is that weathering of rocks is bigger
               | but slower than organic carbon cycle. It works on order
               | of thousands of years, and is the main long-term balance.
        
             | whats_a_quasar wrote:
             | We ought to stop surface-level sulfur emissions, for human
             | health and also because ship engines that produce sulfur
             | also produce lots of other nasty shit.
             | 
             | Stratospheric sulfur is much more efficient, per kg, at
             | reflecting sunlight, so we could replace the cooling effect
             | of surface-level sulfur with stratospheric sulfur, and if
             | we choose to, go even further to cool the planet more.
        
             | aCoreyJ wrote:
             | There are ways to make clouds and have this effect that
             | don't involve sulfur!
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_cloud_brightening
        
               | petre wrote:
               | You know what happens to soil when it rains salt from the
               | clouds, right?
               | 
               | Sulphur at least is more natural, as it's also released
               | by volcanoes.
               | 
               | https://extension.psu.edu/sulfur-fertility-management-
               | for-gr...
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | Good thing we've never seen a volcanic eruption impact
               | global temperatures.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | Or consider the year without summer:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | Just remember a year without a summer means a year
               | without most agriculture
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | And ozone for that matter
        
               | psychphysic wrote:
               | But we just got rid of acid rain? That was going to eat
               | us and the Colosseum alive back in the day.
        
               | blackoil wrote:
               | We can do it over oceans where the impact should be
               | limited.
        
               | peyton wrote:
               | Am I understanding that page correctly? Sounds like 3-4
               | deg C of cooling for an estimated $5 bn/yr.
        
               | adamisom wrote:
               | Yeah, if climate change really was an "emergency",
               | mitigation would be extremely cheap. With big side
               | effects. Nevertheless if it really were an _emergency_
               | ... in real emergencies, triage happens, and downsides
               | are taken for granted.
               | 
               | Thankful that there's no real emergency yet, but I
               | suspect governments will drag their feet long enough that
               | there will eventually be one, and then emergency relief
               | will be deployed anyway, but it will cost way way more
               | than 5bn.
        
               | ChatGTP wrote:
               | We are in an emergency, look at those graphs ?
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Think of climate change like a car driving off a cliff.
               | The car is "safely" on solid ground until it isn't. The
               | problem is that at some point to avoid the emergency you
               | need to hit the brakes or turn, and this particular car
               | might not be able to turn or brake very hard without
               | catastrophic effects on the occupants. Moving away from
               | this metaphor, there is a possibility we cross a tipping
               | point in the climate system (and may already have done
               | so) that can be "reversed" through emergency
               | geoengineering: but it's not clear that the necessary
               | level of intervention would be compatible with global
               | agriculture and civilization.
        
               | adamisom wrote:
               | those who believe we will hit a discontinuous tipping
               | point are precisely those who should be advocating for
               | geoengineering _now_ , despite its unknowns and
               | downsides... yet the voices to do so are curiously absent
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | I don't know if they should be advocating for
               | geoengineering now, but we should definitely start
               | getting used to the idea that we might need it very soon.
               | That means a huge acceleration of research to test the
               | techniques we have, and make sure they don't have
               | unintended consequences (like accidentally destroying the
               | ozone layer.)
               | 
               | > yet the voices to do so are curiously absent
               | 
               | It's easy to think this if you're not paying attention:
               | the issue is very controversial and many people oppose it
               | But a number of scientists signed onto a letter calling
               | for additional research into this [1], and Congress and
               | the White House OSTP are also pushing to speed up and
               | increase research funding [2]. Of course, this kind of
               | research could go away in a single election.
               | 
               | [1] https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27022023/solar-
               | radiation-...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-
               | updates/2023/06/30/cong...
        
               | ChatGTP wrote:
               | We are in an emergency, look at those graphs ?
               | 
               | Imo governments know this , just not yet sure what to do
               | yet.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Governments will drag their feet, but there are hundreds
               | of individuals who could float a few $B a year to get
               | this started.
               | 
               | Once it's working, I expect they won't be allowed to shut
               | it down.
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | I don't know. My province in Canada is experiencing
               | anomalous weather events year after year, and while
               | things still look "okay" we seem to be encroaching on
               | visible threshold events quite rapidly.
               | 
               | Sure, these events could mysteriously stop. Or stay very
               | much the same, acting like a new normal that isn't so
               | destructive as to be an emergency. But the trend line is
               | there. Fires increasing, biodiversity decreasing, floods
               | occurring more dramatically and frequently, 100 year
               | events predicted to be 10 year events not in decades but
               | _right now_.
               | 
               | If that's not an emergency, what is? If you're thinking
               | something like "when the province is stricken with
               | drought for 10 years and everyone's starving", I hate to
               | tell you but that's well past the emergency date. At that
               | point, you're already done and the initial emergency
               | happened.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | > If that's not an emergency, what is?
               | 
               | You know it's an emergency when the status quo is
               | completely unacceptable and the government takes drastic
               | measures (no more cars of any kind on the road, every
               | physically able man/woman forced to work on whatever
               | solution is chosen to help, that kind of thing - nothing
               | close to what we're seeing today) with widespread support
               | of the population.
               | 
               | You can't call it an emergency when no one would truly
               | support emergency measures of the scale that would be
               | enough to affect the climate (no, driving an electric car
               | is not even close to helping if this was a true emergency
               | - and I drive one myself).
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > You know it's an emergency when the status quo is
               | completely unacceptable and the government takes drastic
               | measures
               | 
               | So if we never acknowledge it it is never an emergency?
               | 
               | > every physically able man/woman forced to work on
               | whatever solution is chosen to help
               | 
               | Doing what? How will the physical power of the masses
               | help us here?
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | > So if we never acknowledge it it is never an emergency?
               | 
               | Exactly. Do you think an emergency has some objective
               | trigger?? No it does not, it's subjective, the people
               | involved in the event are the ones who deem whether it's
               | an emergency or not, even if they may be wrong about the
               | gravity of the situation (which is why sometimes the
               | rescue service may disagree with you whether you're in an
               | emergency situation or not and refuse to rescue you, for
               | example - that happened to me).
               | 
               | > Doing what?
               | 
               | Think about the Marshall Plan... if we really need to, I
               | am sure we can get every man and woman to work on the
               | manufacture and use of whatever device can collect CO2
               | from the atmosphere or whatever.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > Do you think an emergency has some objective trigger??
               | 
               | No. But it feels faulty to define an emergency by the
               | reaction of the government. For example if we would have
               | multiple years of crop failures, with associated mass
               | starvation and unrest but let's say the government sticks
               | their fingers in their ears and proclaims "let them eat
               | cake". That would not count as an emergency per your
               | definition. Do you feel that is right?
               | 
               | In fact when people are arguing if it is an emergency or
               | not, they often argue about it because they do expect
               | their government to do/don't do things based on which
               | side they are arguing. If we would define an emergency
               | based on the actions of the government solely this would
               | be totally falacious. But it is not. "We are in a climate
               | emergency therefore the gov should do X." is a perfectly
               | valid thing to believe in. (And so is the opposite of
               | course.)
               | 
               | > Think about the Marshall Plan...
               | 
               | Did the Marshall plan employ every able bodied adult? I
               | must have missed that part of the history.
               | 
               | > I am sure we can get every man and woman to work on the
               | manufacture and use of whatever device can collect CO2
               | from the atmosphere or whatever.
               | 
               | I will go with whatever then. We have these things called
               | factories. They made manufacturing very efficient. There
               | is zero chance that you could employ every man and woman
               | meaningfully on a task like this. Simply you would run
               | out of raw materials or organisational capacity before
               | that happens.
               | 
               | There is a more fitting historical paralel to what you
               | are proposing. It is very much akin to Mao's Great Leap
               | Forward. He got a lot of people to do a thing, but since
               | it wasn't the right thing to do it ended up as a total
               | catastrophy.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | > If that's not an emergency, what is?
               | 
               | When climate change starts causing QALY losses comparable
               | to the effects of, say, banning cars.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Fires are actually decreasing.
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/climate-change-hasnt-
               | set-th...
               | 
               | https://archive.li/WfDJh
        
               | flangola7 wrote:
               | >WSJ
               | 
               | Really? Of course they would say that.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | It's _technically_ true that total area burned _globally_
               | has been on a downward trend.
               | 
               | That's a real piece of misdirect by Murdoch press though
               | and typical of their editorial stance.
               | 
               | To quote _Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned
               | area from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions
               | Database (GFED5)_ [1] (one of many similar studies)
               | 
               | * Burned area declined by 1.21+-0.66% yr-1 20 , a
               | cumulative decrease of 24.2+-13.2% over 20 years.
               | 
               | * The global reduction is primarily driven by decreases
               | in fire within savannas, grasslands, and croplands.
               | 
               | * Forest, peat, and deforestation fires did not exhibit
               | long-term trends.
               | 
               | So, managed areas are increasingly having fewer fires for
               | a variety of reasons and they're a big part of the non
               | ice areas across the globe.
               | 
               | Forest fires aren't decreasing, more worrying areas that
               | typically don't see frequent fires are now seeing fires
               | more often.
               | 
               | The Fox message is that beacuse total global fire area is
               | reducing there's no need to worry about massive forest
               | fires in places that typically don't see such things.
               | 
               | If ten thousand acres of seasonal grass fires doesn't
               | happen does that really offset a thousand acres of old
               | growth forest being torched to the ground?
               | 
               | [1] https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2023-182/e
               | ssd-202...
        
               | johnnyworker wrote:
               | https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/record-breaking-boreal-
               | wild...
               | 
               | > From 1 January to 31 July, accumulated carbon emissions
               | from wildfires across Canada total 290 megatonnes. This
               | is already more than double the previous record for the
               | year as a whole and represents over 25% of the global
               | total for 2023 to date.
        
             | jjallen wrote:
             | We do this until CO2 levels come down. Hopefully 20-30
             | years. Regardless this is really a series of crazy
             | experiments we are proposing doing on a very complicated
             | system.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | https://meteor.geol.iastate.edu/gcp/studentpapers/1996/at
               | mos...
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Unfortunately, CO2 stays in the atmosphere for 300-1000
               | years.
               | 
               | https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2915/the-atmosphere-
               | getting-a-....
        
             | mlcrypto wrote:
             | The Earth's greatest temperature was before humans ever
             | existed
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I would appreciate if humans continued existing, so I am
               | interested in not returning to that point in prehistory.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | Could there be a connection?
        
               | developer93 wrote:
               | And it took way longer than a few decades to get there
               | hmm...? Systems had time to adapt, including new animals
               | evolving. For example trees species habitable zones
               | migrate north or south in response to a changing climate,
               | but to do that the northern most edge of the habitable
               | zone for that species at the time a tree starts is life
               | needs to stay within the southernmost edge until that
               | trees dies, otherwise they can't move fast enough. So the
               | whole zone can't move further than the width of it
               | within, what 500 years? At a wild guess. Depending in the
               | average lifetime of the tree species. Other systems
               | involve evolution to adapt which takes a lot longer.
               | That's an over simplification of course, and I'm not a
               | scientist, but those are not timescales we've got.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | Go back to the Hadean era, bro.
        
               | havnagiggle wrote:
               | /Simpsons meme
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | What's your point?
        
               | jamesssssss833 wrote:
               | "Point" seems generous. Looking at their post history
               | their either a shill or a troll. That said I've heard
               | real people in real life with alleged "real ideas" that
               | say that because system warming has happened in the
               | planet's distant past we should just accept it as Gosh's
               | Will or whatever and accept whatever divine punishment we
               | deserve or something. It always gets very fuzzy on how we
               | actually continue to have a world with these problems but
               | with religious fanatics I expect that Sky Daddy will come
               | save them personally so they are unconcerned
        
               | mlcrypto wrote:
               | The crazy people are the ones that think they can keep
               | the planet's climate constant forever. Never happened,
               | never will
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | Sulphur emissions cause acid rain.
        
           | scaramanga wrote:
           | The history is here:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_dimming
           | 
           | Most of the dimming effect was from massively polluting coal
           | burning. I'm sure you understand why we had to stop that. CO2
           | accumulates in the atmosphere and stays there for thousands
           | of years.. This sulfur that causes dimming stays for a year
           | or two.
        
           | clhodapp wrote:
           | Hank Green, whose tweets originated this topic, addressed
           | this on YouTube and less explicitly in the tweets.
           | 
           | His statement was essentially that: right now, were
           | effectively seeding clouds with sulfuric acid. The sulfuric
           | acid is bad but if the cloud seeding is actually good, we
           | could instead seed them by spraying sea water into the air.
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | It totally could have been the same person but maybe they
             | changed their profile image so I just didn't recognise
             | them!
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | It also causes acid rain, which while it will never be
           | literally "acid" falling from the sky, a general decrease in
           | the pH of water entering arable lands, estuaries and other
           | areas is not going to be great for any of them (also the
           | generalized increase in maintenance cost for concrete, and
           | particularly limestone, structures).
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | Water is hydroxic acid /jk
        
               | amateurCoder5 wrote:
               | Lol. No, water is a base - hydrogen hydroxide!
        
               | blackoil wrote:
               | Ain't water neutral by definition?
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | My understanding (IANACS) is sulfur interacts with the
           | atmosphere to form SO2 and H2S, which dissolves in water to
           | form sulphuric acid both in water vapor (clouds) and in the
           | ocean directly to acidity both rain and the ocean. I think it
           | also interacts with other green house gases over a longer
           | period increasing warming despite cooling up front.
        
           | paulmd wrote:
           | because sulfur causes acid rain and respiratory problems and
           | infrastructure damage etc. you're putting sulfuric acid into
           | the atmosphere, just like carbonating water produces carbonic
           | acid that eats your teeth.
           | 
           | It's not fundamentally different from burning coal, and coal
           | obviously had to be stopped too, I don't know why it's really
           | a question that we need to avoid harmful pollutants even if
           | they have a fringe benefit.
        
           | clolege wrote:
           | It's an unstable equilibrium.
           | 
           | The more necessary evils we depend on, the more things that
           | can fail and further perturb the system.
           | 
           | Stopping now helps nudge us back towards the stable
           | equilibrium we had.
        
         | ivarv wrote:
         | It could be Guy McPherson ? - https://guymcpherson.com/
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | montalbano wrote:
       | A better wording for the title:
       | 
       |  _Reduction of sulfur emissions from ships has reduced masking of
       | global warming_
       | 
       | The word 'cause' in current title seems wrong.
        
         | HardlyCurious wrote:
         | In terms of total global heat content sure. In terms of surface
         | ocean temp, I'm not so sure you have a point. It's a pretty
         | indirect path for greenhouse gasses to heat the ocean, and they
         | can't push the water above the temp of their air.
         | 
         | Less shade however can cause solar heating well above air
         | temperatures.
        
           | ericjmorey wrote:
           | I don't know that you've considered the effects of more vs
           | less ice covering the ocean.
        
         | NhanH wrote:
         | Your suggested title is both vaguer and probably more wrong
         | too: the thread claimed that cloud literally reflected the
         | sunlight, causing less heat to go to the sea surface, there is
         | no "masking" involved.
         | 
         | The current title is precise, the tweet chain is about sea
         | surface temperature and the cause-effect of sulfur emission on
         | the temperature. While it is related to global warming, and
         | there might be other causes to sea surface warming as well,
         | that is not what was discussed.
        
         | teawrecks wrote:
         | Your rewording is inaccurate. There is no masking, it was
         | actually reflecting energy away from earth, reducing warming.
         | This is important because, turns out, we unintentionally ran an
         | ethically dubious climate engineering experiment, the results
         | of which can now be used to inform future possible climate
         | engineering efforts.
        
       | iamflimflam1 wrote:
       | I've unfortunately come to the conclusion that we are buggered.
       | 
       | Watching politics in the U.K. and the rest of the world I'm
       | seeing politicians realise that they can tap into the populist
       | idea that anything green is "the elites trying to control and tax
       | you".
       | 
       | All they care about us short term election prospects.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | A lot of "green" policies are holier than thou people trying to
         | impose their lifestyle preferences in ways that don't actually
         | help. Good examples are the anti-nuclear power movement and the
         | nonsense that is plastic "recycling".
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | Also "new urbanism" that's just people who want more
           | bike(-only) paths for recreation. Yes, there is such a thing
           | as better urban design that reduces car dependency. There are
           | real bike commuters. I totally respect and tangibly support
           | both, due to environmental and other concerns. But I'm not
           | interested in hearing from people who oppose mass transit,
           | abuse pedestrians, and regularly _drive_ their bikes (as
           | aggressively as they ride) to the rally point for their
           | recreational large-group rides. That 's not advocacy for
           | anything but oneself.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | A weird but predictable thing to fixate on, just like people
         | blame their aunt Peggy for things that were set in motion
         | decades prior.
         | 
         | Populism is basically a slur for an impotent and chaotic
         | democracy, but the media that planted this idea in your brain
         | never take things to their logical conclusion and critique the
         | so-called democracies themselves for some reason.
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | Meanwhile, in Tonga: "Tonga experiences unusual cold during El
       | Nino alert" [1]
       | 
       | > Tonga's Meteorology Department said on Friday that the Pacific
       | island country is experiencing unusually cold weather, with cool
       | days and cooler nights, and climate is leaning towards El Nino
       | conditions.
       | 
       | > According to the Matangi Tonga news website, a low of 9.3
       | degrees Celsius, recorded at the end of July in Tongatapu island
       | where the capital Nuku'alofa is located, was the lowest on record
       | for the island country of this year.
       | 
       | But because it goes against the hysteria of the "world is
       | boiling!" this didn't get posted in here, nor was it taken by the
       | major Western news sources (I cannot find it on the BBC website,
       | for example).
       | 
       | It's the COVID hysteria all over again.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://english.news.cn/20230804/c739b0bc8f684fe9991e5c02610...
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | Do you intentionally ignore advice that's constantly posted
         | here and elsewhere to NEVER take local events that go against
         | the trends as evidence against the trends, or you're just new
         | here and on any discussion of this topic and just didn't know
         | that?
         | 
         | Even parts of Antartica are currently cooling down, that's very
         | well known and even expected according to climate models. But
         | no, that's not evidence against global warming.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > NEVER take local events
           | 
           | No-one was commenting that when the news piece about record
           | high temps in the Andes was posted in here recently, I could
           | ask myself rethorically why did that happen but we both know
           | the answer.
           | 
           | Either way, I'm sure going to copy-paste your suggestion on
           | all such future discussions related to "local events" that
           | will only help fuel the hysteria. It won't do any help, as
           | the recent pandemic has shown that there's no real remedy
           | against localized hysteria, but I can try.
        
       | leke wrote:
       | If you feel bad about this, perhaps go and find some Just stop
       | oil protesters and take out your frustration on them. Perhaps
       | drag them around by their hair, or kick them in the heads. It's
       | easy, they're sitting on the floor, so it's low hanging fruit.
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | <offtopic>Does this Twitter link open for you in Chrome? Lately I
       | have had less than 50% success rate opening Twitter. I just see a
       | blank page with an X in the middle.</>
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-08-05 23:02 UTC)