[HN Gopher] New studies gauge impact and cause of beech leaf dis...
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       New studies gauge impact and cause of beech leaf disease
        
       Author : mhb
       Score  : 25 points
       Date   : 2023-08-04 19:48 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | notacoward wrote:
       | We lost seven beeches - most of the big trees in our front yard -
       | to beech leaf disease. Talked to one guy who pointed out that
       | there is a treatment, but it's experimental and it's not even
       | clear it works. $2000 per tree _per two years_ for a  "maybe" was
       | just too much. Plus, the longer we kept the trees, the more
       | likely it would become that the culprit nematode would spread to
       | other trees in our back yard or our neighbors'. Very sad, but the
       | silver lining is that we're now a better candidate for solar.
        
         | rindalir wrote:
         | How long did it take between when you first noticed something
         | and the decision to try to treat and then remove?
        
       | soligern wrote:
       | Lost the chestnuts, in the process of losing ash and now beech.
       | It's pretty sad but it sounds like soon we may have no native
       | North American species left.
        
         | whicks wrote:
         | Don't forget the eastern hemlock, which is being decimated by
         | the hemlock woolly adelgid:
         | 
         | > The adelgid has spread very rapidly in southern parts of the
         | range once becoming established, while its expansion northward
         | is much slower. Virtually all the hemlocks in the southern
         | Appalachian Mountains have seen infestations of the insect
         | within the last five to seven years, with thousands of hectares
         | of stands dying within the last two to three years.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuga_canadensis#Hemlock_wooll...
        
         | simonsarris wrote:
         | And elms. Lots of US cities had streets completely lined with
         | elm trees that were never replaced.
         | 
         | > [starting in 1928] The disease spread from New England
         | westward and southward, almost completely destroying the famous
         | elms in the "Elm City" of New Haven, Connecticut, reaching the
         | Detroit area in 1950, the Chicago area by 1960, and Minneapolis
         | by 1970. Of the estimated 77 million elms in North America in
         | 1930, over 75% had been lost by 1989.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_elm_disease
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Oak wilt is pretty bad around here too, though fortunately
           | not so bad as dutch elm disease yet.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | No mention if it affects _fagus sylvatica_ (European Beech)?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | It started on Japanese Beech (but only causing mild symptoms).
         | It affects a lot of beech
        
         | nequo wrote:
         | This Wikipedia article says that it does:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech_leaf_disease
         | 
         | It does not provide a source but this Massachusetts government
         | website that is linked in the Wikipedia article also says that
         | European beech is affected too:
         | 
         | https://www.mass.gov/guides/beech-leaf-disease-in-massachuse...
        
       | chmaynard wrote:
       | I can confirm the spread of this disease in southern Rhode
       | Island. My 1.5 acre lot has a magnificent stand of several very
       | large beech trees and a number of smaller ones -- perhaps 50
       | trees in all. Beginning in 2022, all of them have been affected
       | by this disease. The canopy in that area is effectively gone.
        
       | whicks wrote:
       | For reference, this article is from November 2021.
        
       | rindalir wrote:
       | In most forests in the New England and New York State areas that
       | I am familiar with, it's actually nearly impossible to find
       | healthy beech trees, and has been for decades. Beech bark disease
       | kills mature trees over a period of years, and what's left is
       | either smaller trees with significant scarring or thickets of
       | sprouts (which we used to call "beech hell" since they are super
       | annoying to traverse when doing field work). There are some beech
       | bark disease resistant individuals and populations, as well as
       | some isolated patches of forest where there are healthy beeches
       | (and they are... magnificent). I haven't really kept up with the
       | literature on beech _leaf_ disease, but it leaves me wondering if
       | this will potentially fully remove the unhealthy beeches. It
       | would be interesting, in the long-term (is there a long term
       | anymore?), if there are doubly-resistant individuals and if
       | someday they may once again make beech a major forest component.
       | 
       | It's hard to watch beloved tree species disappear. It's very
       | hard. I love these forests so much. But something I have seen
       | time and time again -- is that life is resilient, and it's not
       | like a barren wasteland takes over (at least here). I try to
       | think what amazing solutions life will cook up next.
       | 
       | My background: I studied beech bark disease in Eastern NA forests
       | back in the early 2000s, mostly working on modeling populations
       | and the evolution of resistance.
        
         | biorach wrote:
         | Do you know if either of these diseases affect European Beech?
        
           | rindalir wrote:
           | Yeah, beech bark disease was actually introduced from Europe,
           | to Halifax in the late 1800's. (well, i should say, the
           | insect part was. The mechanism is that the scale insect
           | creates an opening for the native-to-North America fungi in
           | the Nectria genus to infect the bark). So the disease has
           | been around in Europe (with local Nectria infecting) for much
           | longer and my understanding was that European beech has
           | better defenses and was more resistant, thought not entirely
           | unaffected.
           | 
           | Not super up on the leaf disease, but it does appear that
           | European beech can be as well.
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-04 23:00 UTC)