[HN Gopher] California Job Case
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       California Job Case
        
       Author : samclemens
       Score  : 26 points
       Date   : 2023-08-03 05:05 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | I had heard of the California case, but never seen the layout. It
       | is odd that the U and J should be sent to the outskirts based on
       | the practice of early English printers: the earliest English
       | printers had worked a good three hundred years before anyone was
       | setting English text in California.
        
         | deaddodo wrote:
         | I don't understand the point you're making.
         | 
         | What would English printers' practices in the 1500s have to do
         | with (a specific subset of) American printers in the 1800s?
         | They're working off of the same subject language, that doesn't
         | necessarily mean they're informed by the former.
         | 
         | It could be differences in Standard American and Queen's
         | English, changes in the general language over 300 years,
         | differences in lexicography, etc.
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | > What would English printers' practices in the 1500s have to
           | do with (a specific subset of) American printers in the
           | 1800s? They're working off of the same subject language, that
           | doesn't necessarily mean they're informed by the former.
           | 
           | According to the article, it's a "modification of a
           | previously popular case, the Italic..." It's plausible that
           | decisions made in the 1500s carried forward. Sort of like how
           | we all type on QUERTY keyboards, even though we're using
           | machines without hammers that can jam if we type too fast.
           | 
           | >> It is odd that the U and J should be sent to the outskirts
           | based on the practice of early English printers: the earliest
           | English printers had worked a good three hundred years before
           | anyone was setting English text in California.
           | 
           | > It could be differences in Standard American and Queen's
           | English, changes in the general language over 300 years,
           | differences in lexicography, etc.
           | 
           | I'm speculating, but I'm pretty sure it's changes in
           | orthography.
           | 
           | I think this is what happened:
           | 
           | 1) The order of the capitals in the case (without U/J) was
           | carried over from a 1500s-era case.
           | 
           | 2) They were _missing_ from that case because 1500s-era
           | printers probably _didn 't use_ capital U/J _at all_. They
           | probably followed the convention of using I for J and V for U
           | (because Latin, e.g. CORPVS IVRIS CIVILIS for CORPUS JURIS
           | CIVILIS, http://www.cyclopaedia.org/1612/1612corpvs.html).
           | 
           | 3) American printers used capital U/J so the designer of
           | _this_ case incorporated them in an unobtrusive spot, that
           | wouldn 't disrupt the overall flow. Sort of like how newly-
           | invented keys are never inserted in the middle of a keyboard,
           | only around the edges.
           | 
           | Edit: the placement of U/J after Z appears to date back to at
           | least 1683:
           | http://www.alembicpress.co.uk/Alembicprs/MXUCASE.HTM.
        
             | cafard wrote:
             | Between 1500 and 1845, James I and II had reigned over
             | Scotland, England, and Ireland, Samuel Johnson had
             | published his dictionary, and the United States had formed
             | a "more perfect union". The changes in orthography had
             | taken place well before the California case.
        
       | jonny_eh wrote:
       | Here's a real pic:
       | https://amusetoibien.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/3013112362_...
       | 
       | Source: https://amusetoibien.wordpress.com/2010/01/12/california-
       | job...
        
       | rendall wrote:
       | I did not understand this sentence:
       | 
       | > _The arrangement of the letters in the California job case
       | became so common that a skilled typesetter could "read" the text
       | set by another typesetter, just by watching the typesetter remove
       | type from the case, seeing from which compartments the letters
       | were taken._
       | 
       | Does anyone else understand this? Could you explain, please?
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | You could watch someone work and know what words they were
         | putting down by where they were reaching, even if you were too
         | far away to make out the letters themselves.
        
         | mohaba wrote:
         | If you pick the letters strictly in order, it spells out the
         | words. If you pick the letters by word, you can guess what word
         | as there are only so many words. It'd be like watching a touch
         | typist on a unlabeled keyboard for another example.
        
         | sbuttgereit wrote:
         | The letters are in specific spots inside the case. Because the
         | case layout is a standard, someone very skilled with the
         | standard could read the word being typeset because they could
         | see which spots were being pulled from for different words...
         | since the spot in the case is the letter... you can know the
         | letters of the word. This might assume that the letters were
         | being pulled in order (or reasonably ordered).
        
         | soupfordummies wrote:
         | it's like if you watched someone typing on a qwerty keyboard
         | with no letters printed on it but you could still make out the
         | words because you know where the keys are.
        
       | gota wrote:
       | Did these layouts influence the eventual keyboard layouts we use
       | nowadays?
        
         | dreamcompiler wrote:
         | No. CJ cases make the most common letters have larger
         | compartments* (because you'll use more of those letters) and be
         | easy to find. The QWERTY keyboard was designed to decrease
         | typing speed to avoid jamming the mechanism.
         | 
         | *For lowercase letters only. All CJ capital compartments are
         | the same size, in alphabetical order because capitals are much
         | more rarely used.
        
       | jonahss wrote:
       | somebody made a keyboard using a type case layout:
       | https://youtu.be/vdP_sTMOWYo
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | Type setting has become popular again, except it's known as
       | keycaps on a mechanical keyboard
        
         | soupfordummies wrote:
         | I thought about this parallel also. Kind of the modern
         | equivalent i guess
        
       | jshprentz wrote:
       | The good people at The Alembic Press have compiled an extensive
       | list of typecase layouts (lays) [1].
       | 
       | The hundreds of variations accomodate different alphabets,
       | languages, countries, cabinet sizes, measurement systems,
       | contents (upper case, lower case, both, etc.), and other factors.
       | All are shallow wood drawers with "egg crate" interlocking
       | dividers, easily constructed by craftsmen (and later factories)
       | for over five centuries.
       | 
       | [1] http://www.alembicpress.co.uk/Alembicprs/SELCASE.HTM
        
       | lqet wrote:
       | > In the previous convention, upper- and lowercase type were kept
       | in separate cases, or trays. This is why capital letters are
       | called uppercase and the minuscules are lowercase.
        
       | euroderf wrote:
       | Any other fans of the Kelsey Printing Press Company here ? Is it
       | even possible to buy the rollers any more ? Have there been any
       | technological advances that make them more durable, less subject
       | to long-term drying out ? What the heck were they even made of ?
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | It's curious that 'c' and 'u' are in such large compartments,
       | especially compared to 'e' and 't'
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | From the picture linked in
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36990987, it's an
         | artifacting of Wikipedia's table layout. It looks like you
         | should count all of the cells in the top row as being equal
         | width, save the 'e' box's extension into the top row, which is
         | two cells wide. So 'c'/'m'/'u' are the same size as 'd'/'n'/'t'
         | and 'h'/3-em spaces, 'i'/'o'/'a', 's'/'r', and 2-3em quads,
         | with 'e' being larger by the size of 2 digit spaces.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | Seems like the Wikipedia illustration is not to scale. They've
         | just used an HTML table and let it determine the sizes.
         | 
         | If you look at some photos, the "m" compartment isn't actually
         | wider than the others. See
         | https://reflexletterpress.com/updated-info-sheets-typesettin...
         | and https://amusetoibien.wordpress.com/2010/01/12/california-
         | job... .
        
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       (page generated 2023-08-03 23:01 UTC)