[HN Gopher] Experts starting to doubt AI 'hallucinations' will g...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Experts starting to doubt AI 'hallucinations' will go away: 'This
       isn't fixable'
        
       Author : cratermoon
       Score  : 13 points
       Date   : 2023-08-02 20:42 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fortune.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fortune.com)
        
       | mindcrime wrote:
       | Of course they _can_ be fixed. To say otherwise is nonsense. The
       | questions are:
       | 
       | 1. How to do it? My thought is the answer involves building AI's
       | that are much more than just LLM's. You need a system that has
       | _knowledge_ and a world model and common-sense reasoning, etc.
       | When you 're doing nothing but "predict the next token based on
       | statistical patterns" then yeah, you're going to get
       | hallucinations.*
       | 
       | 2. How much will it cost?
       | 
       | 3. How long will it take?
       | 
       | And so on.
       | 
       | * Let me add that that's a very "off the cuff" view of my current
       | thinking on building AI's that are less susceptible to
       | "hallucinations" (or "confabulations" if you prefer). But I'm not
       | saying that is the _only_ way, or that it will ever be possible
       | to construct AI 's that _never_ make mistakes at all. After all,
       | our current  "gold standard" for intelligence to compare with
       | (eg, human intelligence) is quite prone to making mistakes. So
       | I'm only talking about getting to a level that eliminates the
       | really egregious hallucofabulations (to coin a word).
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | > building AI's that are much more than just LLM
         | 
         | Well, yes, by taking AI to mean something different than the
         | current meaning. Of course if you build something that's not an
         | LLM you may find a way to fix the confabulation* problem, but
         | that isn't fixing what we have now.
         | 
         | The history of 'AI' the term is one of continually redefining
         | it to mean something different, as the winds of technology and
         | business blow. In this case, the assertion is that, under what
         | we currently call 'AI', there's not a fix.
         | 
         | * I prefer the term confabulation over hallucination. See
         | <https://universeodon.com/@siderea/109883198218504351>
        
           | mindcrime wrote:
           | Well, I agree with your general sentiment to a point, but I
           | would say that in the lexicon of the day, "AI" and "LLM" are
           | not synonymous. LLM's are one (current very popular and
           | useful) approach to AI, but only a VERY casual observer would
           | conflate the two terms as being completely equivalent. To me,
           | it goes without saying that the world of AI is bigger than
           | just LLM's.
           | 
           | But since we're talking about an article in Fortune, maybe
           | it's fair to think of this strictly from a lay-person
           | perspective.
           | 
           | Also, to the extent that it matters, I'm not _necessarily_
           | saying  "build something (completely) different than an LLM".
           | I can picture a world with systems that include LLM's that
           | interoperate with other components that do more of the "world
           | model" and "commonsense reasoning" parts, yielding an
           | aggregate system that does more/better than any of the parts
           | could do in isolation.
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | No argument from me. I see good uses for LLMs, both now,
             | with care, and as part of a toolkit for building towards
             | more general intelligence.
             | 
             | One way to think of LLMs as available now is as sort of
             | thinking partner, much like bouncing ideas off another
             | person, except LLMs use the ideas of entire communities of
             | persons. Of course some of the ideas bounced back at you
             | from thousands or millions of people are going to get
             | things wrong. Don't be like the lawyers who blindly used
             | ChatGPT to write their legal briefs without even checking
             | the citations, and you'll be OK.
        
         | tailspin2019 wrote:
         | When people say that something can't be done, I think the
         | majority of the time they mean (but don't say) that it can't be
         | done _within unspecified x,y,z constraints_.
         | 
         | Those constraints, as you eluded to, are most often things like
         | "within a certain timeframe" or "under a certain cost".
         | 
         | Saying that something cannot be done without specifying those
         | unspoken constraints - or being explicit that you do actually
         | mean it can't be done, _even on an infinite timescale or with
         | infinite money_ - is kind of a useless statement to make IMHO.
         | 
         | I've never really understood that tendency but maybe working in
         | tech kind of conditions you to think in a more flexible way
         | about what may be possible?
        
       | lp0_on_fire wrote:
       | They're not going to go away for the same reason that the social
       | media companies are so hesitant to openly report on the number of
       | bots on their platform. For the same reason that Tesla still
       | calls their assisted driving "AutoPilot": They make too much
       | money on the suckers.
        
       | jschveibinz wrote:
       | Isn't an AI "hallucination" just the equivalent of going down a
       | wrong path due to closely related or incomplete information in
       | the LLM? I thought that it was possible to "tune" the LLM when
       | this happens?
       | 
       | Maybe "one-size-fits-all" solutions won't be fixed; but it seems
       | that domain-specific systems should be easily tailored.
       | 
       | https://gptea.beehiiv.com/p/ai-hallucinations-explained
        
         | onesphere wrote:
         | Studying text doesn't expose you to reality as much as
         | experiencing with all the senses.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | I think that's right. Most likely general AI will be some
         | fractal type system where the larger models first outline the
         | boundaries then smaller models refine the pathways.
         | 
         | I'd say 2-3 years the money proposition will be a market of
         | small, efficient models with clear domain bias and you build
         | out by overlapping the domains till you cover the footprint.
         | 
         | These large models just interconnect too much to efficiently
         | produce reliable output unless you don't care about
         | accuracy(eg, art or far right propaganda)
        
       | throwaway849755 wrote:
       | I believe a more accurate term would be _AI confabulation._
       | 
       | When one confabulates, one shamelessly inserts words which sound
       | smooth and grammatical and potentially acceptable to a listener
       | (and the speaker), but shamelessly with no hesitation or
       | corrections to achieve actual truth.
       | 
       | I suspect there needs to be some layering on of reflection and
       | inhibition to avoid this.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | Yes, 100% agree. See
         | <https://universeodon.com/@siderea/109883198218504351> for some
         | thoughts. I think we're stuck with the term 'hallucination' in
         | most usage, if for no other reason than cognitive sloth.
        
       | cc101 wrote:
       | This issue goes away if one accept that LLM projects produce
       | opinions not facts. IMHO LLM responses resemble our own initial
       | opinions about an issue. Our initial opinions are often flawed
       | and require review. I wouldn't be surprised if there is actually
       | a deep equivalence between LLM processes and the sub-conscious
       | processes from which we form our opinions.
        
       | imchillyb wrote:
       | Humans cannot 'fix' other humans' hallucinating, embellishing, or
       | outright lying so why would we think we could 'fix' that in a
       | system designed by, and operated by, humans?
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | It's not fixable inside the LLM. It's 110% fixable.
        
       | heyitsguay wrote:
       | A meta point as someone who has been working in mathematical
       | signal processing and ML professionally for a while -- at the
       | time of writing, every single comment in this thread displayed a
       | serious (yet unique!) misconception about AI, either as it works
       | today or in general. I understand why it's gotten so buzzy in
       | popular discourse, but it's sadly all but ruined discussion on
       | social media (including HN).
       | 
       | Are there any good, maybe more gatekept forums for discussing AI
       | news? It is great to have a community to discuss with, the field
       | is so large and moving so fast, and there's so much to learn from
       | other practitioners, but the SNR here (where i often find news)
       | has just gotten so low.
        
         | mindcrime wrote:
         | As someone who also works professionally in this field, I'd be
         | curious to know what you find problematic about my comment.
         | I'll grant you that I may be over-simplifying a bit, but it
         | seems appropriate in the context at hand.
        
           | heyitsguay wrote:
           | Actually you're right, that was my mistake. Current-gen
           | autoregressive token predictor "hallucinations" probably
           | can't be fixed, but yeah, the way forward will involve new
           | architectures and I would place my bets that something like
           | world models will be involved to ground generative output.
        
             | mindcrime wrote:
             | Ah OK. You had me scared there for a minute. :-)
        
         | erulabs wrote:
         | Why not use your experience and expertise to join the
         | conversations and offer corrections to the misunderstanding?
         | 
         | From my perspective, this is easily the lowest SNR comment on
         | this post.
        
           | gochi wrote:
           | That's not how public forums work. Unless you are put on a
           | pedestal (which is effectively what writing your own
           | articles, joining larger organizations, making your own
           | content, etc does), you will be drowned out by
           | misunderstandings and misinformation.
           | 
           | There will always be a much greater effort required tackling
           | bad information than it takes to post that bad information.
           | This is why public forums are a terrible place for debates or
           | discussions. It's also why you're considering their post a
           | lower SNR when it's really not, certainly not in comparison
           | to those just claiming that it's possible with a sort of
           | blind optimism or ranting about bots or what have you.
           | Important to signify here, I don't lean in any which
           | direction on this specific topic, but just highlighting how
           | the low effort posts being viewed as higher SNR to you is
           | exactly what leads to more noise on public forums.
           | 
           | Early bird gets the worm, and all that fun jazz!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-08-02 23:02 UTC)