[HN Gopher] Free and open source software projects are in transi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Free and open source software projects are in transition
        
       Author : chriskrycho
       Score  : 160 points
       Date   : 2023-07-31 15:36 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.baldurbjarnason.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.baldurbjarnason.com)
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "The incestuous startup ecosystem that largely consisted of over-
       | funded bullshit companies buying services from each other is
       | done."
       | 
       | Bravo. Rarely do I see this mentioned. Much of the B2B sales by
       | so-called "tech" companies are to other so-called "tech"
       | companies.
       | 
       | It's also possible that many but certainly not all of computer
       | users that spend significant amounts of money on goofy
       | intangibles like subscriptions and "cryptocurrency" are in fact
       | people working for so-called "tech" companies. Not representative
       | of the general public.
       | 
       | "From this perspective most VC investments aren't about creating
       | value but about strip-mining FLOSS projects and communities. The
       | scale is for extraction."
       | 
       | Even a small rise in interest rates sent these VC into panic
       | mode. Without free money (zero interest debt), the strip mining
       | operation comes to a screeching halt.
       | 
       | The US economy has been recovering nicely now that the brake has
       | been put on this nonsense.
        
       | hosh wrote:
       | The Thunderbird project is a good example of community-supported
       | software.
       | 
       | By that, I mean that the project figured out how to raise funds
       | directly from the community using it. This includes reporting on
       | what they intend to do with the community as a whole, and where
       | the money is being spent. The incentives between users and
       | developers are aligned, and the project can be stewarded for the
       | benefit of the community as a whole.
       | 
       | It is also a project large enough, visible enough, and used
       | enough to pull that off.
        
       | s0l1dsnak3123 wrote:
       | In many categories, it seems that FOSS also outlasts proprietary
       | equivalents as volunteers undermine their feature-sets. Long may
       | that continue.
        
       | blibble wrote:
       | due to the OpenAI strip-mining I've simply stopped publishing all
       | my open source code
       | 
       | once the courts rule this isn't fair use I'll resume, otherwise
       | I'm done for good
       | 
       | I see no need to train my replacement, especially not for free
        
         | kykeonaut wrote:
         | Or you can start publishing extremely poor code ;)
        
           | dtaht wrote:
           | That's what I do!
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | Been doing it for years....you're welcome.
        
           | justincredible wrote:
           | [dead]
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | In the LAMP + jQuery days, it was harder to build very
       | sophisticated apps but the big advantage is the stack was very
       | simple. Not only simple to build with but also to maintain. We
       | basically lived in the AK47 era.
       | 
       | These days the stack is super complex with lots of moving parts
       | which means it requires exponentially more effort to maintain.
       | Eg: What will happen to React and Svelte if Vercel crashes and
       | burns?
        
         | troyvit wrote:
         | I feel like that puts us in the F-35 days.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | It amuses me that a thread or two above we've got complaints
           | that 'strip-mining' and 'extraction' are forced metaphors,
           | taking it too far, and here we are - afaict pretty seriously
           | - talking about software as AK47s & F-35s.
        
             | troyvit wrote:
             | Analogies are useful, even when they're not serious. Yeah I
             | didn't mine that strip mining one too much. This one's fun
             | because it targets complexity and power, both of which have
             | shot through the roof since the early days.
        
       | ksimukka wrote:
       | I want to purchase a license (take my money!) to self host
       | Posthog. The core is OSS and also has Enterprise features (that
       | is also open source). However, they insist I should move to their
       | cloud solution.
        
       | dirteater_ wrote:
       | I work on a relatively large OSS project. There are parties that
       | are successfully putting a lot of complexity in that provides
       | minimal or zero OSS gain to enable monetization on their side.
       | 
       | I think this is destructive. It makes things more fragile and
       | increases the barrier to entry for new contributors.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | > A majority of the value created by modern software ultimately
       | comes from free and open source software.
       | 
       | > From this perspective most VC investments aren't about creating
       | value but about strip-mining FLOSS projects and communities. The
       | scale is for extraction.
       | 
       | As with so many things, I find this analysis suffers for using
       | metaphors about the physical world with software. Strip-mining is
       | a loaded term because it uses destructive means to acquire
       | exclusive access to physical resources, in a way which leaves
       | literally less than there was before, and which can be literally
       | lethal to a literal biological ecosystem and literally toxic to
       | physically proximal human communities. "Extraction" in the
       | literal sense of pulling something out, when dealing with
       | physical material means that others cannot have what you've
       | pulled out; it's gone.
       | 
       | A company (VC-backed or otherwise) that starts from OSS tools
       | (operating system, languages, build tools, application
       | frameworks, etc) to build their own offering doesn't (need to)
       | remove that value in a way which excludes anyone else from
       | enjoying it. To the contrary, building off the OSS ecosystem can
       | make it healthier, if for no other reason than they are
       | cultivating more engineers that know how to use these tools.
       | "Extraction" is not the right metaphor.
       | 
       | The issue of adding proprietary features to OSS projects I think
       | we should acknowledge as diluting value, not subtracting it. If
       | the choice is between project development being discontinued at
       | time T with core feature set F, vs continued through time T+K
       | with extended feature set F + G + H where H is proprietary, but G
       | is not, users who won't use the proprietary features may still
       | benefit from G, and are still better off with continued
       | development -- but we must acknowledge that it's at a slower rate
       | than if H had not been added. Communities should evaluate whether
       | diluted support is worthwhile, or at what point it should be
       | considered abusive, or at least separated into distinct companion
       | projects.
        
         | pseudocomposer wrote:
         | Potential value extraction of OSS really depends on the
         | license; the (A)GPL vs. MIT-style license debate has been going
         | for decades now. There's a reason none of the big corporations
         | touch anything GPL, aside from Linux distro subdivisions that
         | are never their direct money makers. And when you compare what
         | actually reaches consumers, like Qt vs. GTK for an ancient but
         | ongoing example, or basically _every_ Android distro pre
         | installed on a consumer phone, and the various modern MIT-
         | licensed FE tools (React, Flutter, etc.)... the apparent levels
         | of nefariousness /data mining/anti-competitiveness/price-
         | gouging generally seem higher for the MIT-licensed (and
         | especially corporate-controlled) products than (A)GPL products.
         | (Yes, there is also definitely a trade off in terms of easy UX
         | between these!)
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | Which FLOSS projects did pyTorch and Tensorflow -- the
         | libraries behind the hottest companies today -- strip mine?
         | Both come from venture-backed companies.
        
         | behringer wrote:
         | I think open source users need to get more serious about using
         | a more pro consumer license like the gnu gpl. If you're using
         | less restricting licensing you're working for Amazon for free.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I agree but this blog post is hardly about that. It's way less
         | "companies bad, OSS good" as I expected it to be after reading
         | your comment.
        
         | rpastuszak wrote:
         | I actually like the metaphor, although I agree it's flawed.
         | 
         | > "Extraction" in the literal sense of pulling something out,
         | when dealing with physical material means that others cannot
         | have what you've pulled out; it's gone.
         | 
         | For instance, look at the amount of brainpower wasted on using
         | tech to steal our attention via adtech (and its supporting
         | industries), large companies using OSS to increase their
         | monopolies instead of giving back, small companies trying to
         | build nothing of immediate value, but rather blitz-scale so
         | they can get sold at valuations not reflecting their value.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | > To the contrary, building off the OSS ecosystem can make it
         | healthier, if for no other reason than they are cultivating
         | more engineers that know how to use these tools. "Extraction"
         | is not the right metaphor.
         | 
         | It can, but it often does the opposite. "Extraction" may not be
         | a metaphor that's quite true to the material. But it's very
         | true to the attitude with which many companies operate, and
         | that's because a lot of business culture was developed in
         | extractive contexts and then applied elsewhere.
        
         | kdmccormick wrote:
         | I work on one of those FLOSS projects that has several
         | ostensibly-open-but-only-works-on-the-proprietary-instance sort
         | of features baked into the core codebase. Some of them are
         | dilutive, but some of them are actively subtractive, especially
         | when they impact performance, become a blocking point during
         | library upgrades, confuse our users, and generally make the
         | codebase harder to reason about. This code is essentially dead
         | code in the community offering, and we all know that dead code
         | is not neutral, it's a liability.
         | 
         | Fortunately, our project is moving in the opposite direction
         | than the one that the article describes: we have an independent
         | steering committee & well-funded core team now, and lately have
         | been actively trying to boot proprietary features out of the
         | core offering. But it's a lot of work, both technically and
         | socially, and we'd have much more time to spend on new features
         | if it weren't for the dead weight we have to deal with.
        
           | dtaht wrote:
           | I would be very interested in learning how to go about
           | getting a well funded core team for an open source project
           | (libreqos.io). We are increasingly popular, but still lack a
           | business model. I too tend to reject most friction-creating
           | and value-subtracting processes, but the top ramen is running
           | low.
        
             | specialist wrote:
             | When you find out, please share. There's dozens of us.
             | 
             | I've been slow walking my FOSS releases because I have no
             | idea how to squeeze some ramen out of it. Though my (dare I
             | suggest) paradigm/category busting project was really hard
             | (for me) to figure out, the end result is simplicity
             | itself. And so therefore trivial to clone, fork, run away.
             | 
             | Possessing the business acumen of plankton, I've been
             | swindled, plagiarized, and mooted a few times before. I
             | don't need much more than ramen money. But not getting
             | anything while others profit from my work, again, would
             | really suck.
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | Happy to share, although I don't know how applicable the
             | journey is to most.
             | 
             | The project started as nonprofit with both a business goal
             | (sustain itself by selling online courses) and a
             | philanthropic vision (essentially: increase education
             | access by disrupting the degree market & also open sourcing
             | the code).
             | 
             | A decade later, the nonprofit sold the entire online course
             | business, its brand, and most of its staffing to a for-
             | profit company. It kept the copyright to the open source
             | code, and the remaining staff now use the proceeds of the
             | deal as an endowment to pusue the original philanthropic
             | mission, which includes being a sort of core team for that
             | open source code.
             | 
             | Some details [0]. The online course business is edx.org,
             | the buyer was 2U, the source code is Open edX [1] and the
             | nonprofit started as edX Inc and was renamed to Axim [2]
             | after the sale.
             | 
             | 0. https://press.edx.org/2u-inc.-and-edx-complete-industry-
             | rede...
             | 
             | 1. http://github.com/openedx
             | 
             | 2. http://axim.org
             | 
             | TL;DR: Start off as a nonprofit, build a valuable product,
             | sell the product, and then use the money to continue the
             | nonprofit. YMMV ;)
             | 
             | EDIT: Probably obvious, but I should note that this didn't
             | all just "happen"--there were (and are) extremely
             | passionate people on both sides of the sale _and_ in the
             | project 's open source community who worked hard &
             | advocated loudly for years, ensuring that both the
             | nonprofit built a compelling product and the open source
             | project thrived. Both of those were critical ingredients in
             | the project getting to its current well-funded state.
        
           | JJMcJ wrote:
           | More than one FLOSS developer has written of huge companies
           | with thousands of programmers working for them practically
           | crying and begging to have a feature added to software that
           | serves only the company's interest.
           | 
           | Or even replying that they are busy with other things but if
           | the company wants to pay for the change they can work on it,
           | and company replying that that seems like "extortion", as if
           | the developer is under moral obligation to fix Initrode's
           | problems for free by the end of the week.
        
             | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
             | > " _...huge companies with thousands of programmers
             | working for them practically crying and begging to have a
             | feature added to software..._ "
             | 
             | One clueless employee, almost certainly without the
             | knowledge of his cow-orkers or managers let alone any kind
             | of authorization to represent their employer when
             | communicating externally, writes a dumb email to a FOSS
             | project and suddenly the tech commentariat is all abuzz
             | about "$BIGCORP (the whole thing) is 'practically crying
             | and begging' to $FOSS_PROJECT for a feature"? Surely there
             | must be a name for this fallacy and, if not, there should
             | be. The organizational hivemind fallacy perhaps?
        
               | JJMcJ wrote:
               | Many mega corps have a culture of bullying the vendors.
               | That can easily spill over to a single interaction.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | Yeah but the point is that megacorps have dedicated teams
               | of specialists to do that kind of bullying and they do it
               | with organizational consensus and coordination between
               | relevant departments. No random individual engineer is
               | ever going to be authorized to do that.
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | Yeah, our situation isn't quite that bad. The big company
             | is happy to write the feature usually, but that doesn't
             | mean the feature should be bolted into the main repo with
             | its special dependencies dropped right into setup.py
             | install_requires.
        
         | gochi wrote:
         | >A company (VC-backed or otherwise) that starts from OSS tools
         | (operating system, languages, build tools, application
         | frameworks, etc) to build their own offering doesn't (need to)
         | remove that value in a way which excludes anyone else from
         | enjoying it
         | 
         | They don't _need_ to, until they realize people aren 't
         | upgrading to the added layers of offerings and then start
         | removing that value. This is required because the base value
         | tends to be substantial enough to swiftly encourage people to
         | use it, and VC loves the growth this comes with.
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | Most company use of OSS isn't a freemium model, but instead
           | them using it for their infrastructure in complements to
           | their ultimate product. Think Google's use of Linux on their
           | servers, or their use of gcc/clang to compile their search
           | application.
        
             | gochi wrote:
             | Disagree on that. It is the freemium model that's used.
             | Specifically enterprise tiers for the vast majority of OSS.
             | 
             | There is a crucial subsection of OSS used within companies
             | but those often come with support contracts and branding
             | which is what you're referring to with Google, but a far
             | cry from "most".
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | No, like, how many companies are paying support contracts
               | for Nginx, anything you npm install, anything their
               | engineers 'brew install'. Some of these might have
               | support contracts that you can buy, but that's not used
               | in the vast majority of cases.
               | 
               | I really do think you're not seeing the forest through
               | the trees here.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | I'm launching something soon to try to reverse this and give
         | back power to open source creators, around their earnings and,
         | to bring a bit of order to an informal marketplace that really
         | needs it. If you're interested, join the wait list / launch
         | email list and you'll get to be among the first to use it:
         | https://ash6wpkw.paperform.co/
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | I think strip mining is a good analogy. Like google has strip
         | mined the internet and left a toxic pit behind, if companies
         | have their way they'll do the same to any captive open source
         | project, turing any public parts into nothing but minimum
         | viable bait to try and get people to pay for something.
        
           | infogulch wrote:
           | > left a toxic pit behind
           | 
           | Nonsense. If google scrapes your site, your site is not
           | affected. Where is the toxic pit, exactly?
        
             | _bohm wrote:
             | By becoming the de facto entry point into the internet,
             | Google's existence has spawned a horde of SEO spam sites
             | that dilute and push down real content on the internet.
        
               | orangeoxidation wrote:
               | > Google's existence has spawned a horde of SEO spam
               | sites that dilute and push down real content on the
               | internet
               | 
               | They don't push real content "down the internet" they
               | push it down the google rankings.
               | 
               | And while Google search is not as great as it was, it
               | remains a strong contender for the best way to find stuff
               | on the internet.
               | 
               | I don't think the internet would be better off without
               | it.
               | 
               | You can however make good arguments for Google News,
               | "Instant Answers" in Search, and other products, taking
               | (impressions) from the internet.(And Chrome, Chrome
               | worries me.)
        
               | majewsky wrote:
               | > They don't push real content "down the internet" they
               | push it down the google rankings.
               | 
               | From experience, many people can truly not tell the
               | difference.
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | You only see it if you use Google, and you are always
               | free to not use it. They may be evil etc but this logic
               | is like "I can't stop punching myself".
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | Not remotely true, you see it every time you go to a SEO
               | optimized site, however you get there.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | > Like google has strip mines the internet and left a toxic
           | pit behind
           | 
           | Can you clarify what you mean? I think there's a sense in
           | which sometimes people say that google ruined the internet
           | b/c (a) their prominence and their algorithm induced the
           | creation of awful content farms, and (b) they pulled ad
           | revenue away from some businesses that create content leaving
           | us with a more impoverished web experience.
           | 
           | If you're making a different kind of assertion, please
           | elaborate on it.
           | 
           | Wrt (a), I think site owners that had useful content weren't
           | for the most part pushed to remove it, but were often pushed
           | to pad it to the point that it feels less valuable to users
           | (like recipe sites where every recipe is 12 paragraphs of
           | prose before the actual recipe, IIUC), so I think this still
           | fits in with the "dilution" framing, rather than removing
           | valuable material in a way that excludes others from its use.
           | 
           | Wrt (b) I do think that when google displays content on the
           | search page in a way that stops most users from continuing on
           | to the page from which the information was sourced, that does
           | seem effectively extractive. But I think that's distinct from
           | the OSS project-capture problem.
           | 
           | > if companies have their way they'll do the same to any
           | captive open source project, turing any public parts into
           | nothing but minimum viable bait to try and get people to pay
           | for something.
           | 
           | I actually think google is a good illustration of the full
           | spectrum of OSS projects. They're definitely "getting their
           | way" but:
           | 
           | - gson, guice, protobuf, snappy, the go language are all
           | examples of projects that are very useful and pretty separate
           | from any revenue-generating google product
           | 
           | - kubernetes, istio, etc are projects that can easily be used
           | without touching any google revenue-generating project, but
           | if you're using some of their revenue-generating projects,
           | you may likely want something like this. Perhaps this is OSS
           | but writing for your paying customer-base as a target
           | audience?
           | 
           | - android, chrome, tensorflow are all about building little
           | googleverse of customers in their orbit
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | I'm not GP and I personally think the strip-mining analogy
             | is bad. But attempting to steelman GP's position based on
             | other things I've read that I've pieced together:
             | 
             | I think an example is LLMs like ChatGPT. Basically consider
             | a website that has good info on it. The LLM scrapes the
             | site and regurgitates it's content to their user, and the
             | original site never get a visit or recognition. The end
             | result is the death of the site (much like strip mining
             | results in).
        
           | throwaway290 wrote:
           | > Like google has strip mined the internet and left a toxic
           | pit behind
           | 
           | Sorry, what?
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | For a certain use-case, I'd say I agree. I would argue that
             | the basic web browsing experience for the less technically
             | minded is worse than it was in the past.
             | 
             | For example, I am still working with my partner to get her
             | to recognize and ignore the top level garbage: sponsored
             | links and obvious SEO bait* when she blasts off a "Best
             | <kitchen widget> 2023" search.
             | 
             | *You know, those listicles offered up from a handful of
             | different sites that tend to be a 'top ten' list of a
             | selection of 15 or so different products that are mostly
             | just 7 actual different products white labeled by some
             | brand and sold on amazon through a referral link in the
             | listicle.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | SEO existed before Google.
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | Seriously, if there any organization that has done more to
             | advance the web, IDK who it is.
        
           | dtaht wrote:
           | I think strip mining is a decent analogy as well, so long as
           | you include the fate of the participants. Take diamond mining
           | as an example. The miners themselves tend to be dirt poor,
           | and searched for stuff of value on exiting the mine, yet the
           | outcome is big money for the corp controlling the mine.
        
           | dasil003 wrote:
           | I disagree, the analogy is weak. Strip mining is about
           | harvesting naturally occurring resources in the most invasive
           | way. The internet is not a natural resource. It was created
           | by and for humans, from zero to unfathomable scale in thirty
           | quick years. It is a reflection of ourselves, our systems,
           | and our social and financial incentives. Google definitely
           | deserves some blame as they certainly have helped shape those
           | incentives, but it's not like they came in and started
           | dynamiting some pristine wilderness, do you remember what
           | search was like before Google came along?
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | Often these open-source projects have their own commercial
         | offerings to support development, e.g. Elasticstack, MongoDB.
         | And then AWS destroys that, without offering any contributions
         | themselves. So it's no longer commercially viable for the
         | original organization, and development suffers.
         | 
         | That's a net negative result.
        
         | a13o wrote:
         | The strip mining imagery landed for me when focusing on the
         | trend of open source communities adjacent to cloud platforms.
         | Citus, ElasticSearch, Kubernetes, etc all feel like corporate
         | goliaths forked and outcompeted David. No analogy is perfect,
         | but I can see facets of why one might liken this to strip
         | mining.
        
       | fidotron wrote:
       | The big change of the last decade has really been the cloud
       | explosion and with it a serious bias towards valuing deployment
       | and operations over development, to the degree that if you're
       | doing development which is not about deployment and operations
       | then you're a sucker.
       | 
       | The emergence of the LLMs etc makes the classic open source
       | business model of relying on incomprehensible documentation to
       | drive people to pay you as a consultant fall apart as they will
       | get answers on demand. You just have to look at things like
       | Docker to see how hard it is to turn even wildly successful
       | projects into viable companies even before all this.
        
       | peter_l_downs wrote:
       | Pretty good overview from Baldur -- I don't always agree with
       | everything he writes but this seems relatively correct.
       | 
       | One question I'd ask him (and anyone else reading) is: what are
       | some other options for monetization?
       | 
       | Over the last few weeks I had three different VCs reach out to me
       | about some of the open source projects I've been releasing, and
       | ask me if I'd thought about making a business out of them. I told
       | them that no, based on the problem the software was solving, I
       | didn't see how I could adopt open-core or companion-saas business
       | models, and I wasn't sure how else it could be done while keeping
       | the code open source.
       | 
       | Can anyone suggest a viable business model that would allow:
       | 
       | * Code remains at least source available, ideally open source for
       | non-commercial use.
       | 
       | * I can charge for commercial use.
       | 
       | * Actually doing the licensing is reasonable, ie no spyware or
       | phoning home from the tool.
       | 
       | Wouldn't need to be perfect, I understand that if the code is
       | open source a company could easily fork and use it without paying
       | me. The idea would be to make it zero-headache to pay me for a
       | license if the code is being used by a funded team.
       | 
       | The projects:
       | 
       | * https://github.com/peterldowns/localias
       | 
       | * https://github.com/peterldowns/pgmigrate
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | https://databaseci.com/ is similar.
         | 
         | (Seems to be down though...not a good sign.)
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I don't think "source available" is really that viable of a
         | model. MS tried that with a lot of their developer offerings
         | before more became truly FLOSS, specifically in the .Net space.
         | 
         | In the end, I'm less likely to trust/use _ANY_ non-floss
         | software /services that doesn't have a clear and clean exit
         | path. I can use CockroachLabs (CockroachDB cloud) as I can exit
         | pretty cleanly to self-hosted PostgreSQL with other models. I
         | can abstract the usage of say DynamoDB to target other options
         | relatively easily as well.
         | 
         | That said, tethering deeply into rented services, or
         | commercial+floss providers can only hook you in the end if
         | things get too dicey. And you only need to look at Oracle and
         | IBM/RedHat as examples of the hook you and reel you in
         | approach. A lot of businesses are also pretty deeply tied into
         | a given cloud platform. They all have nice to have, relatively
         | easy to use features/services. If you don't have an exit
         | strategy, you better have a fat wallet. It's not that it won't
         | still be painful to exit, but without at least a strategy,
         | you're trapped.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zelphirkalt wrote:
         | License it as AGPL and offer alternative license for businesses
         | for money.
        
         | peter_l_downs wrote:
         | I asked this question in a discord for this kind of stuff and
         | the answer I got was "not possible." I also spoke with the
         | developer of OrbStack, and they suggested just not being open
         | source and charging for it, which is what they're going to do.
         | When it comes to dev tools (particularly those that are
         | involved in operations/sre flows like pgmigrate) I consider
         | open source a huge benefit, and I'm sad to think that there is
         | no way to get paid for an open source project without
         | shoehorning in a bad experience or unnecessary features (like
         | Baldur points out)
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | Redis and Mongo have tried this - see
         | https://redis.com/legal/licenses/
         | 
         | Officially they are not OSI approved but they go straight to
         | the heart of the issue :
         | 
         | >>> has only two primary limitations. You may not:
         | 
         | Commercialize the software or provide it to others as a managed
         | service Remove or obscure any licensing, copyright, or other
         | notices
        
         | bckmn wrote:
         | I think an alternative is to fund _individuals' maintenance of
         | the projects_, as opposed to the project itself. Filippo
         | Valsorda has written about this recently:
         | https://words.filippo.io/full-time-maintainer
        
           | peter_l_downs wrote:
           | That's an interesting idea, thank you, I'll read through the
           | post.
           | 
           | EDIT: I found the post interesting but unfortunately these
           | projects are in no way load-bearing. I'm happy to hear
           | Filippo has made it work for himself but as he points out,
           | the projects he works on are simply much better suited to
           | sponsorship and retainer/consulting agreements. I wonder what
           | he would recommend for newer or less-load-bearing projects.
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | sorry. what does that mean here - load bearing
        
               | HappySweeney wrote:
               | Maintenance takes up a lot of time.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cillian64 wrote:
         | What ChibiOS does is release under GPL3 and then sell a
         | commercial dual license. This is definitely open source and
         | also means most non-open-source commercial use would need to
         | pay for a license. It's probably also one reason why FreeRTOS
         | is much more popular in business than ChibiOS.
         | 
         | https://www.chibios.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=chibios:licensi...
        
       | radisb wrote:
       | You reap what you saw
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | Here's my $0.02 (again. Apologies to those who've heard it
       | already.)
       | 
       | First, let me proclaim by bias: I'm a Free software fanatic. I do
       | not ever want to run software that I can't read and, if I want
       | to, modify. I just won't do it.
       | 
       | Open Source doesn't make sense to me and never has, becasuse you
       | have always been able to give away your code.
       | 
       | The entire point of Free software is to avoid or even prevent
       | closed proprietary software. That's why the GPL is "viral", eh?
       | That's the whole point. Free software started when RMS wanted to
       | fix his printer and Xerox said, "No."
       | 
       | Now we have companies like John Deere that use computers to lock
       | out their own customers from fixing their own tractors. We have
       | car companies charging to unlock heated seats and extra
       | acceleration. Printers that lie to you about how much ink they
       | have left, and brick themselves if you try to use cheaper
       | unofficial ink. Etc.
       | 
       | You can be in charge of your computer, or you can be a peasant in
       | someone else's fief.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | I'd say this is the critical distinction that communities
         | focused on "open source" are missing. We've had a whole crop of
         | developers raised to focus on "open source", thinking it
         | implies some be-all end-all, when it was really more of a
         | corporate marketing term that emphasizes the mechanic rather
         | than the goal of end-user computing freedom.
         | 
         | Just because a piece of software has some trappings of libre
         | software does not mean that it _is_ a fully fledged libre
         | software. If most of the development energy comes from a single
         | company, then that company can change its policies overnight
         | and introduce terrible non-libre anti-features to that  "open
         | source" code base (see: the ongoing Chromium fiasco). Or in the
         | case of most "web" software, when the main use of that software
         | is from load-every-time distribution via centrally-controlled
         | HTTP(s)/DNS, most of its use is decidedly non-free.
         | 
         | Yes, it is _certainly_ a step up that such projects can be used
         | as libre software - patched to remove the anti-features, or
         | even hard forked and rebranded if the centralized maintainer
         | gets too heavy handed etc. And this should not be taken for
         | granted! However, we have to stop seeing the  "open source"
         | label as a synonym for libre software where user freedoms are
         | first and foremost, when it's more like one bullet point in a
         | "pros" column.
         | 
         | (also just a nit. When you say " _I do not ever want to run
         | software that I can 't read and, if I want to, modify. I just
         | won't do it_", I doubt this hardline assertion is true! Even
         | RMS rationalizes running proprietary software as long as
         | someone else has written it to flash and doesn't talk about it
         | too much. I use a more strict-but-pragmatic approach based
         | around an assumption of a Libre/Secure core and then analyzing
         | how specific proprietary bits actually compromise my freedom)
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | (> I doubt this hardline assertion... )
           | 
           | (I'll cop to having an iPhone, but only because my sister got
           | it as part of a package deal last time she renewed her phone
           | contract. I only use it to communicate with her, and only
           | because we have to coordinate closely on the care of our
           | elderly mother. I have installed no apps, and I removed most
           | of the ones that came with it. Other than that, yeah, I run
           | all Libre/Open software. I rarely actually read it, of
           | course, but in theory I could.)
           | 
           | ([?]#-#) (Sardonic-"I'm so cool" self-deprecatory shades.)
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | Got you! No seriously, I wasn't trying to call you out as
             | some sort of purity inquisition. Rather my point is this
             | binary "only Libre software" is the wrong way of looking at
             | things, even for free software zealots (myself included).
             | 
             | I was really just betting on you using at least one of the
             | following - proprietary BIOS, non-free network
             | switch/router, wifi, a run of the mill keyboard or mouse, a
             | switching AC adapter, any modern appliance, or a webpage
             | that runs javascript from a remote server you don't
             | control. My point is that it's basically impossible to
             | avoid proprietary software these days. So we're better off
             | analyzing the use of proprietary software in terms of how
             | it can specifically work against you within the context
             | it's being used, rather than as some binary go/nogo thing.
             | 
             | Like my main desktop is a KGPE-D16 running almost blobless
             | coreboot ([?]#-#), apart from the CPU microcode, which I
             | don't have much choice on besides to trust AMD at some
             | point in time. Yet there are _numerous_ domains of
             | proprietary software that support it, without which it
             | could not run. However those domains don 't impinge upon my
             | freedom within the CPU domain, as they are appropriately
             | isolated. For example if I focus on my keyboard, its
             | software's lack of freedom seriously destroys my ability to
             | modify it. This is terrible, within that narrow context of
             | modifying my keyboard. However it's not relevant to the
             | larger scope, as the keyboard isn't really able to affect
             | the freedom of the CPU domain.
        
         | Vox_Leone wrote:
         | >First, let me proclaim by bias: I'm a Free software fanatic. I
         | do not ever want to run software that I can't read and, if I
         | want to, modify. I just won't do it.
         | 
         | I can relate to that. I guess you're are also having problems
         | developing AI, because it is next to impossible to set up a
         | full FLOSS AI stack [then I have to use proprietary stuff -
         | conflicts of conscience ensue]
         | 
         | >Free software started when RMS wanted to fix his printer and
         | Xerox said, "No."
         | 
         | Is there an AI stack that RMS would approve/use?
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | > you're are also having problems developing AI
           | 
           | I have no interest in talking computers.
           | 
           | cf. James Mickens' USENIX Security '18-Q keynote speech: "Why
           | Do Keynote Speakers Keep Suggesting That Improving Security
           | Is Possible?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajGX7odA87k
           | 
           | Anyway, they're just a pile of linear algebra and a massive
           | pile of Other People's Data, eh? (And piles and piles of
           | hype, my god, so much hype. Even in the "academic" papers!)
           | 
           | The difficulty would lie in amassing that data, not in
           | developing software. You would have to solve that "conflict
           | of conscience" first, no?
           | 
           | But more to the point: none of my goals can be advanced by
           | talking computers.
           | 
           | - - - -
           | 
           | > Is there an AI stack that RMS would approve/use?
           | 
           | I have no idea. You could ask him if you're really
           | interested.
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I mostly agree... I'm not necessarily dogmatic about closed
         | source software or services, but definitely in favor of always
         | having an exit strategy, even if more painful.
        
         | someguy7250 wrote:
         | > Now we have companies like John Deere that use computers to
         | lock out their own customers from fixing their own tractors. We
         | have car companies charging to unlock heated seats and extra
         | acceleration. Printers that lie to you about how much ink they
         | have left, and brick themselves if you try to use cheaper
         | unofficial ink. Etc.
         | 
         | Exactly! I believe this issue is becoming a very political one
         | because some companies even lock people out of developer tools
         | with a paywall. And when we are forbidding people from learning
         | that they are being suppressed, very bad things happen.
         | 
         | I learnt programming by rooting my phone and then installing a
         | compiler. Android 12 almost killed it alongwith Termux. Are you
         | telling me that if I was born today, I'll simply give up?
         | (Edit: To answer this quesiton myself, No. Today's kids are
         | probably installing customized apk/ipa instead of rooting.
         | Frida is also interesting. But if history repeats itself, even
         | these tools will be banned (self signing dev packages, and
         | using ptrace as a modding tool). And that affects more than
         | just kids..)
         | 
         | Honestly companies have too much control through DRM and
         | copyright. The public needs a way to fight back. If the laws
         | were to be changed, I hope that companies are not immune from
         | lawsuits through TOS, and I hope to see a few class-action
         | lawsuits causing a company to lose some of its copyrights to
         | the public domain.
        
       | neolefty wrote:
       | I think it's natural for new tools to be Propietary, while Free
       | alternatives of the basics work their way up the chain:
       | 
       | Most of the cost of software development isn't in writing
       | software -- it's in the exploration of the solution space. Once
       | you have settled on a good design, re-implementation is vastly
       | cheaper and more streamlined than the original fumbling around in
       | the dark. And sometimes it's better because you can jettison the
       | legacy that comes from all that exploration.
       | 
       | So IBM employed Ted Codd and an army of engineers and
       | salespeople, but now we all get to use Postgres.
       | 
       | What is being built today commercially that will be distilled
       | into architectural principles and re-implemented as Free in the
       | future? It's hard to know, but in hindsight it may seem obvious.
       | 
       | The article points out categories that were once proprietary --
       | OSes, compilers, runtimes, clients, data stores. For example:
       | DB2, System V, PCC, Internet Explorer. They were built at great
       | cost -- and remember they all had proprietary siblings that have
       | since been abandoned, that also had to be paid for: OS/2,
       | Itanium, Hypercard, DBase, various compilers, IDEs.
       | 
       | And then the few survivors were copied by open equivalents.
       | System V gave way to Linux, DB2 to Postgres, IE to Chrome. A few
       | never had proprietary equivalents AFAIK -- I don't think there is
       | a closed ancestor of Redis.
       | 
       | And sometimes the Free version hasn't fully arrived yet (x86), or
       | it's just free (Google Docs), or it's doomed to remain not nearly
       | as good as the proprietary tools (GIMP, desktop Linux). Or it's
       | rocky (Linux vs SCO) or chaotic (BitKeeper to git).
       | 
       | (And it's no surprise that tools used mainly by programmers are
       | more likely to have high quality Free equivalents than tools with
       | a wider audience -- after all, their users are capable of
       | improving them directly.)
        
         | syntheweave wrote:
         | This is true - proprietary tends to lead - albeit it doesn't
         | address the societal concern here: Are these really the only
         | roles a software developer can have?
         | 
         | On one end, acting as a mercenary for platform monopolies doing
         | the new stuff, and on the other, reproducing those designs
         | without the same kind of paycheck?
         | 
         | I guess there is the third option of bilking investors by
         | saying you'll definitely be a monopoly any day now and then
         | open sourcing the whole thing.
         | 
         | My sense of it is that this particular phenomenon - the entire
         | "hacker" arc from Unix in 1970 through the formation of the FSF
         | to the present - was of an era, and the era is finishing up.
         | Before that, there wasn't a software business to speak of, and
         | after, the era of individual programs and proprietors is likely
         | superseded by the needs of specific communication networks,
         | which, like the Internet generally, everyone ends up
         | standardized on, but no-one owns.
         | 
         | Part of why software is in a cynical state now is because the
         | convergent network goal is ethically desirable, but the only
         | way in which we seem to be capable of framing it societally is
         | "someone owns this", so we have proceeded down a path of toxic
         | corporate ownership, while everything else is a weird thing
         | deserving of mockery.
        
       | sesm wrote:
       | I was thinking about the essence of open source recently, and I
       | came to the following conclusion: open source is when you treat
       | people as developers, not as users. Which means: it should be
       | trivial to build and run from source, debug, add extra logs and
       | apply patches. Moreover, creating and applying your own patches
       | should be encouraged, anything that can be easily patched
       | shouldn't be a configuration option.
       | 
       | Most corporate "open source" fails this test, they treat people
       | as users, create marketing websites while publishing zero
       | developer documentation.
       | 
       | What's interesting, JS ecosystem accidentally has this property,
       | thanks to packages being distributed as source, standard logging
       | system (console.log) and widespread use of `patch-package` tool.
        
         | J_Shelby_J wrote:
         | In the age of LLMs everyone is a dev.
         | 
         | What's the next iteration of SaaS then?
        
           | majewsky wrote:
           | Most uses of LLMs for development that I've seen are for
           | _writing code_ , when the majority of dev time is spent
           | _reading code_. What offerings exist to read through an
           | existing codebase and ask questions of it? Do contemporary
           | LLMs have enough lookbehind for that?
        
             | J_Shelby_J wrote:
             | We are years from way from the average user being able to
             | replace X SaaS tool with available open source software
             | they run themselves.
             | 
             | Even now, the average person could have GPT walk them
             | through replacing WIX with their own self hosted website.
             | When I say "dev," I probably misspoke. I meant more in the
             | sense that the average person will be able to implement
             | existing software in a way that was previously unreachable.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Not everyone can code in a way that is useful for development,
         | but one way of looking at it could be: actually treating people
         | like a community, rather than users.
         | 
         | Unfortunately the phrase "community" has been degraded a bit by
         | companies who want a more in-group-feeling-inducing way of
         | describing their users. But, in a real community, people
         | support each other and try to push projects forward,
         | contributing in the fashion that best suits their skills, and
         | toward goals that best fit their interests.
        
       | canucyc wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | louthy wrote:
         | The irony
        
       | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
       | the free software movement and its close companion movement of
       | open source are in need of a renewal
       | 
       | I think we should call it "liberty minded software"... software
       | which cares and caters to the liberties of the users and makers
       | of the software.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | There's an "open core" VC fund I've seen blog posts from on here,
       | I'd be interested to hear their take. I agree that open source is
       | in trouble as it's basically shifted to branding, as a way, like
       | the author says to extract maximal value from the "community"
       | while giving nothing back. It's like moving into one of the sub-
       | optimal prisoners dilemma quadrants where somebody rats.
       | 
       | That said, I don't agree with the dig at LLMs, it seems tacked on
       | and more just an ideological complain, which is odd in the
       | context of open source.
        
         | chriskrycho wrote:
         | I largely _do_ agree with it, but agree that it 's somewhat
         | secondary to the specifics of the pice. In context of reading
         | his stuff more generally, it makes sense: he's been writing
         | extensively on that subject (including a self-published book on
         | the subject) for many months, so if you are a regular reader,
         | it fits. The challenge of writing for your existing audience
         | vs. the inherent context collapse of an individual post online!
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> That said, I don 't agree with the dig at LLMs, ... [it] is
         | odd in the context of open source._
         | 
         | I don't see it that way, if talking about the stricter end of
         | OSS licensing. There is an argument for training a model with
         | AGPL code meaning that the resulting model should be released
         | in full to its users as a derivative work, for instance. Being
         | an ideological complaint doesn't make it an invalid one, even
         | if you consider that ideology to be rather dogmatic.
        
         | yesimahuman wrote:
         | In many cases these open core companies are not "giving nothing
         | back", but are funding engineer salaries on the order of
         | millions of dollars per year to invest in the OSS project that
         | they use as customer acquisition for a commercial cloud and
         | enterprise offering on top. Companies like Vercel and Ionic
         | both employ this model. I think people often forget how much
         | these companies invest and "give back" to the community in
         | terms of raw dollar investment
        
           | canucyc wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
             | spankalee wrote:
             | The fact is that I can go use, fork, derive from and
             | contribute to Stencil or Capacitor - with are very valuable
             | projects, and cost millions to develop - without paying
             | Ionic a cent. How is that bullshit?
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | They're a Troll, please don't feed them. Just look at
               | their other comments if you don't believe me.
        
               | canucyc wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
         | sytse wrote:
         | I assume you mean my VC fund, Open Core Ventures
         | https://opencoreventures.com/ that starts new companies around
         | existing open source projects.
         | 
         | We believe that open core companies need to give back and the
         | open source code base should be better off because the open
         | core company exists. Features that appeal most to individual
         | contributors should be open source
         | https://opencoreventures.com/blog/2023-01-open-core-standard...
         | 
         | The article mentions the recent move of RedHat to no longer
         | share their source code. I think RedHat is a special case
         | because they didn't have any proprietary code
         | https://opencoreventures.com/blog/2023-04-red-hat-model-only...
         | 
         | Open core can be done right and wrong (not giving back, etc.),
         | for some more thoughts on how to do it right please see
         | https://opencoreventures.com/blog/2023-07-open-core-is-misun...
         | We're figuring all of this our as we do it, suggestions are
         | welcome.
        
           | version_five wrote:
           | Thanks for replying. I hope you and others can find a way to
           | make open source more sustainable without compromising the
           | projects. Like I alluded to with my prisoners dilemma comment
           | above, I think there is an optimum for everyone where
           | companies try and make the open source project itself as
           | valuable as possible instead of extracting value from it, and
           | I'm happy hear about businesses that are legitimately trying
           | to get us there.
        
             | sytse wrote:
             | Thanks for your response, I appreciate it. One thing that
             | is a big risk to the optimum is open core companies
             | relicensing the open source code after the project becomes
             | popular, to prevent this some of our companies are set up
             | as public benefit companies
             | https://opencoreventures.com/blog/2022-11-introducing-
             | authen...
        
               | dtaht wrote:
               | I lean towards a public benefit company for libreqos.io.
               | I do wish more of the folk's business models we were
               | actually helping (videoconferencing, gaming) would
               | recognize their common interests with us, and chip in.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | As usual when it comes to computing freedom, RMS was right[1].
         | "Open Source" was conceived as a way to market to corporate
         | executives. It's unsurprising then that corporate executives
         | took it for exactly what they were sold it as, a way to get
         | developers' work without paying for it.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-
         | point....
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Rather, it's unsurprising that corporate executives took Open
           | Source for exactly what it was _designed_ as.
           | 
           | It's left the anti-copyleft guys babbling about _plunder_ and
           | _The Spirit of Open Source(tm)_. I 'm honestly shocked that I
           | don't hear them calling companies that get rich off OSS
           | "settler colonialists."
        
           | canucyc wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | canucyc wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
           | spankalee wrote:
           | I personally get paid to work on open source, which is the
           | opposite of what you're claiming here.
        
       | someguy7250 wrote:
       | When I learnt programming as a hobby, before I went to college,
       | before my jobs,
       | 
       | I was hoping the future is that we build highly specialized, and
       | customizable tools through open source code, not too small that
       | they are just another programming language, and not too large
       | that they cannot be connected to each other to create more
       | values.
       | 
       | And I was hoping we'd stop joining big companies, and instead
       | open up local consulting firms to help people configure existing
       | open source components for their specific needs. And the work
       | (the configurations) should be done once per project and never
       | reused.
        
       | Karellen wrote:
       | I saw an interesting comment a few weeks ago, but can't remember
       | where now, so I am unable to properly credit the original author.
       | There's probably an irony there somewhere. Anyway, the gist of it
       | was:
       | 
       | In the '90s, FOSS devs mostly volunteered their labour to build
       | things for each other - for other FOSS devs.
       | 
       | In the '00s, FOSS devs mostly volunteered their labour to build
       | things for users.
       | 
       | In the '10s, FOSS devs mostly volunteered their labour to build
       | things out of habit, which kinda ended up unintentionally being
       | for the benefit of FAANG/Microsoft/VCs. No-one's quite sure how
       | that happened, or where we go from here.
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I think it comes down to first and foremost scratching one's
         | own itch in things. Most are just creating/updating things they
         | need. This can be a company's contribution (AMD/Intel) to
         | support their products, or it can be an individual fixing a bug
         | or implementing a needed feature. It can also be company devs
         | contributing to something that is adjacent to their own needs.
         | 
         | Where the FAANGs/Clouds leach a bit is when they offer a
         | service monetizing what the creator of that service/software is
         | using to monetize themselves. Can they do it, sure... should
         | they, maybe not. I think, for example AWS _could_ have made an
         | offer for a more limited licensing agreement to Elastic,
         | offered direct funding, or developer support, or buying them
         | outright. Instead they forked, offer their own SaaS for the
         | product, and carry on. Leaving Elastic to develop /support the
         | core product.
        
         | cosinetau wrote:
         | > to build things out of habit
         | 
         | That answer seems to lack self awareness. A lot of people saw
         | how a few VC-back companies using open source software could
         | get them rich, and then they executed.
         | 
         | Why else would we be on this particular website?
         | 
         | Why else are do many folks find it absolutely necessary to post
         | their product announcements on places like this?
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | The latter really only applies to a handful of huge FOSS
         | projects; there's a long tail of open source which is
         | irrelevant to large-scale web infrastructure companies.
         | 
         | I would hope that very few people are actually _volunteering_
         | to contribute more than minor fixes to those huge projects.
         | They 're largely full-time employees, or at least supported by
         | corporate sponsorships.
        
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