[HN Gopher] Don't Forget Intuition: The art of doing science
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       Don't Forget Intuition: The art of doing science
        
       Author : Hooke
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2023-07-30 19:24 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theamericanscholar.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theamericanscholar.org)
        
       | emmender1 wrote:
       | This is my gripe with high school (and college) education..
       | 
       | knowledge which took hundreds of years to discover is imparted in
       | capsules to students - the history of how knowledge was
       | discovered is likely more important and interesting to learn than
       | knowledge itself...
       | 
       | cases in point: heliocentric theory has a rich and dramatic
       | history, and so does galois theory
       | 
       | Quote from article..
       | 
       | As someone who writes about science history, I have long grumbled
       | about how misleading modern scientific papers are. I understand
       | the need to present scientific findings in a clean, concise way,
       | but the papers also omit all the false starts, blind alleys,
       | broken equipment, and dumb mistakes that beset real scientific
       | research every day. By omitting all the human stuff, the papers
       | fail to explain how science really gets done.
        
         | rubidium wrote:
         | Yeah but you know plenty of how science gets done if you go do
         | science. The goal of a scientific paper is to concisely convey
         | what novel thing has been discovered. It is not to convey how
         | science gets done.
         | 
         | PhD thesis are sometimes good places to look if you want more
         | of the gory details.
         | 
         | Edit: and if you ever take a physics lab in trying to measure
         | the heat capacity of water or speed of light you learn a bunch
         | about how science actually works.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | What? Sharing the difficulties you encountered is helpful for
           | other researchers and for replication studies. The goal of a
           | paper is to share your findings in a manner that is clear and
           | helps advance knowledge in your field, and frequently the
           | most important thing you can share is how you performed your
           | experiment followed by why you chose to perform that
           | experiment and whether it conformed to your expectations or
           | not.
           | 
           | Having personally gone through a couple years of lab classes;
           | no, not really. Lord knows your professors may try but at
           | least in my experience the profundity is lost on students.
           | You get a lovely tour of scientific concensus, but most
           | people see the experiments as being fore-ordained or like a
           | recipe.
           | 
           | To put it more simply university lab classes demonstrate so
           | many things that are true that people sometimes never realize
           | that science is a method for disproving things.
        
       | mercurialsolo wrote:
       | Intuition and observation - are the cornerstones of the
       | scientific process. While i do believe we don't have shortage of
       | either, it's when the two meet do we have real breakthroughs. We
       | posit theories and new ways of thinking by observation from other
       | places. Often times, that's why scientists tend to have varied
       | interests.
        
       | ttonkytonk wrote:
       | A review of _In a Flight of Starlings: The Wonders of Complex
       | Systems_ by Giorgio Parisi
        
       | someguy7250 wrote:
       | I'm still hoping for a quantum gravity theory that can basically
       | explain Einstein's spacetime using intuitive languages. (I'm
       | probably stupid, but I'm hoping it's all just chunks like a game
       | server, with delays between chunks)
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | Einstein's general theory of relativity is already extremely
         | intuitive compared to even non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics
         | (which literally has no accepted intuitive description).
         | Theories of Quantum Gravity are way more unintuitive
        
           | someguy7250 wrote:
           | > Theories of Quantum Gravity are way more unintuitive
           | 
           | Hence my desire for an intuitive one.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | You would need an intuitive theory of quantum mechanics
             | first, which doesn't exist
        
               | someguy7250 wrote:
               | Yeah. This is all just basically me talking nonsense. I'm
               | not educated enough and further discussions would only
               | yield nonsense.
               | 
               | (But if you are curious, the idea is that space is
               | divided into chunks. Crossing chunks or propogating
               | EM/gravitational fields through a chunk causes a delay,
               | which means the particle's inertial frame loses time. And
               | even if particles are traveling at infinite speed inside
               | a chunk, that delay causes an effective speed limit.
               | That's the speed of light. Similarly, there could be
               | other ideas that also "backport" the entire spacetime
               | theory onto quantum.)
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | We can already do quantum field theory on a curved
               | spacetime, so part of the backporting is already done.
               | The problem is partly the quantisation of spacetime that
               | you point out. Gravity can't be quantised like the other
               | forces, it just doesn't work
        
               | someguy7250 wrote:
               | I don't really know where it went wrong with the real
               | theories. But, when I imagine quantized gravity in my
               | head, I don't imagine having a carrier particle
               | (graviton).
               | 
               | Rather, it feels like gravity is special and the chunks
               | of spacetime themselves are carrying information about
               | the gravitational field.
               | 
               | My imagination is odd because it's based on how I would
               | write a distributed game server. (It doesn't make sense
               | to simulate gravity pairs between every single pair of
               | particles. This isn't just slow, it doesn't scale if the
               | universe expands. But it makes sense to precalculate
               | gravity field as a chunked map and then update one chunk
               | at a time.) (You can ask the same about light/EM but
               | light hits only some of the things and can cause complex
               | local interactions at the scale of electron orbits. When
               | gravity changes, it's very macroscopic instead. So I
               | wanted to treat them differently)
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Your imaginations don't have anything to do with actually
               | having a quantum theory of gravity that works at high
               | energies
        
               | someguy7250 wrote:
               | I know. But I don't know where to start reading if I want
               | to learn more about what's really going on
        
         | elashri wrote:
         | Do you consider the quantum mechanics as an intuitive theory (
         | In whatever definition of intuition you think of)? Because if
         | you don't, then any Quantum Gravity wouldn't be for you.
        
           | someguy7250 wrote:
           | Quantum is not the most intuitive thing to discuss. And
           | frankly a quantum theory without complex, solid maths behind
           | it might as well be a fairy tale.
           | 
           | In the context of how atoms work without having electrons
           | that lose charge and fall into nuclei, how different atoms
           | absorb / emit different colors/wavelengths of light:
           | 
           | The simplest theory is that they just are this way. Just fix
           | up the existing "codebase" to accommodate for this observed
           | fact. So they just said electrons has discrete energy states
           | and orbits to choose from.
           | 
           | It's literally the simplest way to accommodate the observed
           | fact that electrons do not fall into nuclei.
           | 
           | It led to super complex Maths and predictions about black
           | holes, and seemingly conflicts with general relativity. But,
           | Can you think of anything more intuitive?
        
             | burnished wrote:
             | Discrete quanta of light was my 'hmmmm' moment, at least
             | when it occurred to me to interpret it as a rubbish hack
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | The photon model of light is pretty well demanded by the
               | existence of the photoelectric effect.
        
       | jbandela1 wrote:
       | What's interesting is that all of science rests ultimately on
       | intuition.
       | 
       | The laws of logic and reasoning rest on axioms which basically
       | rely on the intuition that they are true.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | You're thinking of math. That the math we've developed leads to
         | intuitive useful results, or that it is useful for making
         | predictions about the world is no coincidence. If science rests
         | on anything it rests on the belief that the world operates
         | through repeatable principles, that you can repeat an
         | experiment and expect the same result.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | > "science rests on anything it rests on the belief that the
           | world operates through repeatable principles"
           | 
           | Where does the principle come from?
        
             | burnished wrote:
             | I suspect the principle arises from elimination; the other
             | prospects are too daunting to consider. "The universe is
             | chaotic and false and your memories are lies because you
             | were just created whole as you are", for example, sort of
             | ends the conversation. Doesn't leave you much room to try
             | and eat something tasty. And evidently even a little belief
             | in a coherent universe is self reinforcing.
             | 
             | So I suppose the principle comes from the pragmatism
             | involved with being embodied agents with needs in a hostile
             | environment.
        
         | markusde wrote:
         | This is slightly misleading. "All of science" doesn't rely on
         | intuition-- it relies on the scientific method. Intuition
         | guides how we develop our models but ultimately there _is_ a
         | real forcing function in the sense that the models need to hold
         | up to experiment.
         | 
         | An example of why this matters: string theory. AFAICT It's a
         | field that is built with a clear(ish) intuition and rigorous
         | use of logic, but because it is experimentally unverifiable the
         | field has never really moved past conjecture.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | > it relies on the scientific method
           | 
           | Which come from logic/reasoning which relies on intuition.
        
             | Isamu wrote:
             | What? How so?
             | 
             | Explanations of reasoning and math often appeal to
             | intuition as a shortcut and to connect with the student,
             | but that is not the foundation.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Nitpick: If it isnt experimental it isnt science.
        
       | trostaft wrote:
       | Intuition and rigor are the 'yin and yang' of conducting
       | interesting applied math research (specializing to my field
       | because that's all I can speak to). Initial research is almost
       | entirely driven by intuition. Experimentation, testing, trying
       | new ideas, all founded on the basis of rigor but in the heat of
       | the moment (read: weeks) it's not really what I'm thinking about.
       | Then, during testing and validation, I come back and properly
       | build up the rigor blocks; revealing both errors and potential
       | new directions forward. Cycle over and over, both compose a
       | robust and creative scientific process. Ideally.
        
       | tuanx5 wrote:
       | Great article -- it calls to mind for me a quote I learned of
       | through John Ousterhout: "Use your intuition to ask questions,
       | not to answer them". Science is the follow through, but intuition
       | is the start.
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-31 23:02 UTC)