[HN Gopher] Scientists may have found mechanism behind cognitive...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Scientists may have found mechanism behind cognitive decline in
       aging
        
       Author : mdp2021
       Score  : 321 points
       Date   : 2023-07-30 08:28 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.cuanschutz.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.cuanschutz.edu)
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | >Normal aging reduces the amount of nitric oxide in the body.
       | That in turn reduces nitrosylation which decreases memory and
       | learning ability, the study said.
       | 
       | Has viagra shown affects at reducing normal aging in the brain?
       | It seems to do so in the heart.
       | 
       | https://news.vcu.edu/article/Nitric_Oxide_release_triggered_...
        
         | cheald wrote:
         | Cialis has been linked to mitigation of cognitive decline:
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6705107/
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53136-y
         | 
         | And Viagra has been identified as a potential tool against
         | Alzhimers:
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-021-00138-z
         | 
         | https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-...
         | 
         | Ideally, we'd identify the key mechanisms at play and be able
         | to develop lifestyle modifications that would support them, but
         | it's pretty cool that these drugs have benefits beyond just
         | better bedroom performance.
        
       | justdep wrote:
       | I've been seeing this headline for 20 years
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | The thing about its wording is: It was true every single time.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Here's to solving aging and room temperature superconductivity in
       | the same year.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Those kind of articles (and papers) would be far more impactful
       | if they were used only when they actually referred to some major
       | real breakthrough.
       | 
       | As opposed for us to read 1000s of them in the span of 10 years,
       | and nothing ever coming out of them - except 200 more articles
       | like that from other teams, on other competing mechanisms.
       | 
       | What about a more real title: "Scientists found a potential
       | mechanism behind cognitive decline in aging, but it's more likely
       | that they have not, the area of study is very complex and ill-
       | understood still, and it will take decades at best to discover
       | and verify any definitive mechanisms. More likely this study also
       | has methodological errors or these guys are even padding their
       | numbers to get a paper published and secure more grants".
       | 
       | Yes, it's a mouthful.
       | 
       | How about "Researchers find a way to induce cognititive decline
       | in lab animals. Don't hold your breath for human relevance".
        
       | astrange wrote:
       | Isn't the mechanism behind anything in aging "entropy"?
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | Honestly, this is basically it. The organisms that supposedly
         | don't suffer from aging, are probably just better at accounting
         | for entropy.
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | What does that mean?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | Over time things break down and don't work as well. Some
             | organs cope with this better than others. This is how I
             | read it.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | How would you turn this theory of aging into some sort of
         | action?
         | 
         | This theory means nothing if it can't be tested, if we can't
         | act on it in some way.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Second law of thermodynamics?
        
       | danduma wrote:
       | IN MICE
        
       | submeta wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Nitric acid is formed during sun exposure.
         | 
         | Reminds me that the healthiest activity during the pandemic was
         | being at the beach and losing weight. Unfortunately that wasn't
         | stressed enough.
        
         | loopdoend wrote:
         | Look up Bhramari Pranayama. Humming directly increases nitric
         | oxide levels.
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | Do you have a reference? (About the relation.)
        
             | slv77 wrote:
             | Humming increasing nitric oxide production is well
             | documented. Here is one journal article but there are
             | others:
             | 
             | https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/22/2/323
             | 
             | Nitric Oxide dilates the nasal passages and is also a
             | vasodilator as well. A simple n=1 test is to do nasal
             | humming and test blood pressure before and after. I can
             | typically get a (temporary) 10 point drop.
             | 
             | Nitric Oxide is also anti-bacterial and humming may help
             | clear sinus infections.
        
         | OliverJones wrote:
         | One wonders about gut biome and whether any microorganisms
         | there have any effect on this.
         | 
         | One also wonders how humanity can adapt to dramatically
         | extended lifetimes without obliterating our planet.
        
         | Metacelsus wrote:
         | > _Nitrate-Rich Diet:_ Consuming foods high in nitrates, such
         | as beetroot, leafy greens, and other vegetables, might promote
         | the production of nitric oxide.
         | 
         | I don't think maximizing dietary nitrate is a good idea, since
         | the nitrite that's an intermediate in this pathway is
         | definitely carcinogenic (forming nitrosamines).
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | But if your diet lacks kale, arugula, Swiss Chard, spinach,
           | beets, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots and broccoli one might
           | do something about it.
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | If someone tells me kale is carcinogenic imma lose it
             | because it _does not_ taste good. I'm not eating this for
             | fun you know.
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | Have you only tried it raw? There are ways to cook it
               | without losing too much nutrients. Cooked kale still has
               | noticeable health benefits according to some studies I
               | found.
        
               | wernercd wrote:
               | Raw or cooked... the only way kale tastes good is when
               | it's the garnish on a steak that gets thrown away at the
               | end of a meal.
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | You should try it southern or soul food style similar to
               | how collard greens are cooked. It's cooked along with
               | meat and a bunch of seasonings. Definitely a different
               | flavor. But also less healthful.
        
               | wernercd wrote:
               | Just as a personal opinion: I hate the way kale tastes. I
               | also hate coffee. I love broccoli and tons of other
               | greens. I love tea.
               | 
               | The only way I enjoy kale is having it as garnish that
               | gets tossed away.
               | 
               | my better half loves steamed kale. no amount of salts and
               | seasonings has changed my mind. cheese and salt/pepper
               | took me from a broccoli hater into a broccoli lover lol.
               | 
               | but I digress.
        
           | txtxtatmos wrote:
           | Biohacking The Oral Microbiome
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5DPQPvJ3m4
        
         | codethief wrote:
         | I'd like to add(0, *) another item to your list:
         | 
         | 0. Stop mouth breathing and do nasal breathing whenever
         | possible because only the latter produces nitric oxide, see
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_functions_of_nitr...
        
           | Aerroon wrote:
           | The older I get the more ways I find out that mouthbreathing
           | is harmful. I wish someone had tried to do something when I
           | was a kid.
        
           | treprinum wrote:
           | Mouth taping is not very popular outside some kinky circles.
        
             | codethief wrote:
             | No one said you'd need to tape your mouth to do nasal
             | breathing.
        
               | treprinum wrote:
               | Most of the problems with NO production happen during the
               | night when people tend to breathe through the mouth,
               | making them tired during the day. Moreover, their CO2
               | levels tank as well for a double negative effect from
               | what was supposed to be a refreshing sleep.
        
         | copperx wrote:
         | We can all prompt ChatGPT.
         | 
         | Littering the web with its output is against good netizenship.
         | I understand it's inevitable and a matter of time, but it's
         | still aggravating.
        
           | Beefin wrote:
           | who cares how it was produced as long as it's useful...
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | Maybe do not sign it under your name, if it is a quote.
             | 
             | And if it is a quote from an unreliable source, the more
             | important to note it.
        
             | mpalmer wrote:
             | Because it's not useful, it's an invitation to go fact
             | check everything in the list.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | malauxyeux wrote:
           | > We can all prompt ChatGPT.
           | 
           | I'm largely blind to this. If they're not wordy and overly
           | polite, pasted ChatGPT answers just don't appear on my radar.
           | 
           | Can someone help me out? What points to this answer in
           | particular being from ChatGPT?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nannal wrote:
             | Chatgpt loves lists like this, then length and "tone" can
             | be the most obvious indicators. You can modify those
             | attributes through prompting but that should help find
             | unmodified output
        
             | mpalmer wrote:
             | Brief summarization that seems redundant to the topic
             | because it's the model priming itself to generate a
             | response in the requested form, which is usually a:
             | 
             | 3-10 item list which mentions certain phrases related to
             | the prompt every time ("nitric oxide" here).
             | 
             | Disclaimer about accuracy/expertise.
        
               | JPLeRouzic wrote:
               | So actually, it's a well formed answer?
        
               | mpalmer wrote:
               | It very likely bears a close resemblance to a member of
               | the theoretical set of all well-formed answers.
               | 
               | Problem is all the other sets it belongs to, including
               | the set of all answers containing unverified factual
               | statements, not to mention the set of answers that
               | resemble the output of a large language model.
        
             | scrollaway wrote:
             | Some tell-tale signs (I work with GPT a lot as I mentioned
             | in a sibling comment):
             | 
             | - It's a list, it's numbered, it's got pretty consistent
             | markdown formatting. This is especially present with
             | ChatGPT
             | 
             | - Title Casing In Each List Item
             | 
             | - Strong usage of the passive voice
             | 
             | - Strong CYA tone. "might promote", "studies suggest", "has
             | been associated", "can convert", "possibly lowering",
             | "thought to increase"
             | 
             | The general structure is very consistent with GPT too. Once
             | you've seen a lot of sessions it's just... plain obvious.
             | Especially if you step back and think: "Would people
             | actually.. write like this?"
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | Sure, but hints are not proof. In fact,
               | 
               | > _Would people actually[] write like this?_
               | 
               | : some people do. What you call <<CYA tone>> can overlap
               | with what for others is "precision".
               | 
               | It is the quality of the text, then, that hints further
               | to actual intelligence or "artificial struggle".
        
               | scrollaway wrote:
               | GPT4 can generate some extraordinarily high quality text
               | if you know how to prompt it. But this ain't it - it's
               | some of the most boring way to prompt. The OP's response
               | is what happens when you prompt with some article summary
               | and a "What are some possible ways we could increase the
               | production of nitric oxide in the body".
               | 
               | And no, that trashy CYA tone is not "precision", if
               | anything, it's vagueness. It's weasel words.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | > _no, that trashy CYA tone is not "precision", if
               | anything, it's vagueness. It's weasel words_
               | 
               | That is not what I said. / _That_ / <<trashy CYA tone is
               | not "precision">>. But some use similar expressions to
               | those you noted in order to be factual.
               | 
               | Some texts give a strong impression of fakery; some texts
               | _could_ give a wrong impression upon brutal use of raw
               | Bayesian indicators. Signs orient, do not decide. Hints
               | are not proof.
               | 
               | Some patterns in LLM output can be caricatures of proper
               | efforts (factuality for precision, when relevant, is one
               | of them).
               | 
               | So, people may write similarly to that. (Only, hopefully,
               | _well_ beyond veneer.)
        
               | addisonl wrote:
               | Well, considering it was trained from content created
               | from how people actually write, yes?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | scrollaway wrote:
               | Ah yes, just like how I know most of my american friends
               | have exactly 0.78 kids.
        
         | jasfi wrote:
         | I took beetroot as a supplement, it worked well. Ginkgo Biloba
         | also increases nitric oxide.
         | 
         | I've had negative effects from strong antioxidant supplements
         | before. I think there could be a lot of reasons why.
        
           | treprinum wrote:
           | Combined flushing niacin with beetroot did wonders for me.
        
           | copperx wrote:
           | What kind of negative effects? Cognitive ones?
        
             | jasfi wrote:
             | It felt like I had had too much sugar (inflammation).
        
           | anonymous_sorry wrote:
           | > I took beetroot as a supplement, it worked well.
           | 
           | By what measure?
        
             | jasfi wrote:
             | I was comparing various ways of boosting my nitric oxide at
             | the time. I could see it visibly (increased red complexion)
             | and my cognition also improved. Subjective, yes, but that
             | was good enough.
        
         | treprinum wrote:
         | Daily viagra for anyone over 60? Or one raw garlic a day? Those
         | increase NO levels rapidly as well.
        
         | 1_over_n wrote:
         | +1 on L-citrulline, caution on supplement quality - many
         | manufacturers sell 2:1 citrulline malate to reduce costs which
         | means you effectively need to double the dose to actually
         | consume a given target dose.
        
         | jeffybefffy519 wrote:
         | I really want to know, why don't we all supplement with
         | L-arginine long term? Time-release capsules are available and I
         | have taken for numerous issues like RSI to great success. Whats
         | the downside to long term usage?
        
           | treprinum wrote:
           | Arginine has good short-term endothelial effects but bad long
           | term effects. Most studies last <1 month observing the good
           | effects but not monitoring future bad effects:
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069264/
        
             | jeffybefffy519 wrote:
             | I am skeptical of this because as far as I understand,
             | Arginine is naturally occurring in many foods.
        
           | salad-tycoon wrote:
           | Side bar : L citrulline is thought to be more effective than
           | arginine.
           | 
           | One downside that I don't see discussed much, as I've watched
           | multiple recalls over recent years for supposed contamination
           | of things like tmao and other toxins in either the
           | manufacturing process or packaging process, I wonder how many
           | supplements are contaminated. I have never seen an analysis
           | even from the vendors who do pretty hefty chemical
           | composition analysis.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | > I wonder how many supplements are contaminated. I have
             | never seen an analysis even from the vendors who do pretty
             | hefty chemical composition analysis.
             | 
             | Why do you think food supplements would be more
             | contaminated than other processed foods? Or even things
             | like toothpaste or shampoo, those are also made from highly
             | processes ingredients.
        
               | fao_ wrote:
               | There's a large amount of precedence, that's why. Rather
               | than asking the room, one would think the first step
               | would be to obtain information and inform yourself.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5753965/
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34022259/
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/natural-supplements-can-be-
               | dange...
        
               | esperent wrote:
               | Why so defensive? I'm asking the room because it's a
               | smart room, usually, and often there's someone who'll be
               | far better informed than I could be with a quick search.
               | That's literally why I spend time here.
               | 
               | Regarding your links, I'm sure I could find similar
               | studies about nearly any kind of food. I have a friend
               | who won't eat peanuts because he's afraid of aflotoxins,
               | which are real, genuinely dangerous, and if you think
               | that peanut products are tested well enough to 100%
               | guarantee the aflotoxins are always below safe levels in
               | all peanut products you'll ever eat... Well, I'll
               | disagree.
               | 
               | https://inspection.canada.ca/food-safety-for-
               | industry/food-c...
               | 
               | So again, why do you think supplements are worse than
               | other food products? I don't agree that your links answer
               | this question.
               | 
               | They do show that there's often contaminants in
               | supplements. They _don't_ show that supplements are
               | unusual in this regard when compared to other food
               | products.
               | 
               | Your third link focuses on heavy metals in supplements.
               | Here's a similar study showing they are also in baby
               | food:
               | 
               | https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/heavy-metals-in-baby-
               | foo...
               | 
               | So is it just supplements and baby food? Unlikely. More
               | likely it's that supplements and baby food are both
               | things that make people worry about contamination, so
               | they test them more. Meanwhile your ketchup might be
               | loaded with all kinds of contaminants but you'd never
               | think of testing it.
        
           | fao_ wrote:
           | One would think the first step would be to look it up.
           | 
           | > Most healthy people do not need to supplement with arginine
           | because it is a component of all protein-containing foods[15]
           | and can be synthesized in the body from glutamine via
           | citrulline.
           | 
           | I do not understand how someone can wish to know something,
           | but refuse to expend effort to obtain the information they
           | wish to seek? I hope it would be ok for you to explain this
           | behaviour, please?
        
             | chownie wrote:
             | This seems unfairly aggressive. GP asked what the downside
             | is to preventatively taking l-arganine as a supplement,
             | your quote addresses only whether it's required.
             | 
             | In short, you can't test your own blood so you don't know
             | when your levels may be low. If there were no downsides to
             | constantly supplementing then what reasons may there be to
             | not do this?
             | 
             | That is I think the actual question.
        
               | xwowsersx wrote:
               | It is unfairly aggressive and they did this twice just in
               | this thread. The other was here:
               | 
               | > There's a large amount of precedence, that's why.
               | Rather than asking the room, one would think the first
               | step would be to obtain information and inform yourself.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36930036
               | 
               | I don't know why this person feels the need to roam
               | around the conversation policing how people are engaging
               | in it. It's incredibly obnoxious. Especially frustrating
               | given that they do seem to have some information to
               | share, which they could do and just omit the completely
               | gratuitous and unwarranted hostility.
        
               | fao_ wrote:
               | I clearly made a point of inquiring why the behaviour was
               | performed, it was an honest inquiry, I am genuinely
               | curious.
               | 
               | For what it is worth, my context is that I have seen the
               | behavior of asking the room, or even just throwing out
               | conjecture to the room, without properly doing research
               | beforehand, to be a common flaw within computer
               | scientists and within "tech workers" as a demographic. I
               | had to put up for a whole year with one person making up
               | what was complete and absolute nonsense through first
               | principle reasoning, rather than just reading a 101
               | Sociology book, which would have answered all his
               | questions effectively and with some basis in research. It
               | is also something I see commonly within the Hacker News
               | comments -- someone will ask a generic question to people
               | in Hacker News, rather than doing even a cursory form of
               | searching first. I do not understand the idea implied
               | through this behaviour, that a random tech worker will
               | know more than people whose job is to study the questions
               | that are being asked, and so I resolved to ask this
               | person, _taking care to be polite_ , why they choose to
               | engage in this behaviour.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | > taking care to be polite
               | 
               | If what you consider "polite", several people call out as
               | aggressive, then maybe you should re-evaluate your
               | definition of the word.
               | 
               | Your comment does not read polite. At best, passive
               | aggressive.
               | 
               | Asking questions fosters discussion. For a site centered
               | around discussion, that seems warranted. Telling people
               | to just look it up is pretty much the antithesis of
               | discussion.
        
               | fao_ wrote:
               | My quote answers the question of "why don't we all
               | supplement with L-arginine long term" with "it's in
               | basically all protein containing-foods, so it is not
               | necessary".
               | 
               | While you are right there may be individual variation,
               | the rule of medical advice is that we cannot assume what
               | we do not know, and preventative ingesting of a substance
               | that is not too well understood may have unintended side-
               | effects. Especially in the case of molecules that have
               | been synthesized.
               | 
               | As my other comment within this thread states, there is a
               | high precedence for contamination of health supplements
               | as a whole, so in this instance preventative dosing would
               | seem to put someone at more risk than e.g. just eating
               | more protein.
               | 
               | In addition, the supplements may contain vastly higher
               | quantities than are safe to absorb. For example, there
               | was a recent pubmed paper describing an incident where
               | +500mg doses of Vitamin C (which is 1/6th of the EFSA and
               | NIH's estimates of "safe upper limit") taken daily over a
               | long time caused kidney stone formation. This required
               | expensive surgery to correct.
               | 
               | For what it is worth, as someone with a damaged and
               | resectioned gastrointestinal tract -- the dieticians I
               | work with prefer to solve deficiencies with eating foods
               | that contain the given micronutrients rather than
               | supplementing with them. One doctor told me I had a
               | copper deficiency, he told me that taking copper
               | supplements tends to cause gastrointestinal distress and
               | would have been too high a correctional dose, and so his
               | solution was to increase my consumption of dust (which is
               | how we naturally get copper) through obeying the five
               | second rule. This wasn't especially out of the norm.
               | Selenium deficiencies were solved by eating tinned tuna,
               | likewise vitamin B12 deficiencies were solved by
               | ingesting liver occasionally, etc.
               | 
               | If you suspect that you are deficient in a given
               | micronutrient, it is always better to explore that
               | possibility with your doctor than to take high quantities
               | of unreliably tested substances.
        
             | nonethewiser wrote:
             | That doesn't necessarily answer his question though and
             | doesn't even seem like a well reasoned point. Just because
             | your body can produce something doesn't mean it can't
             | benefit from more.
        
               | fao_ wrote:
               | Likewise just because your body requires something
               | doesn't mean that large doses of it are beneficial. See
               | my followups, which address that and were written 30
               | minutes before your post :/
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | Betaine is another thing to look at. One of the cheapest
         | supplements, no (or very low) toxicity, and seems to regulate
         | NO metabolism, among other things.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > _Cautious Mouthwash Use:_
         | 
         | My dental hygienist explicitly advises against mouthwash use.
         | 
         | IIRC the argument given to me was that the bacteria in the
         | mouth eventually build up a resistance to the mouthwash, i.e.
         | similar concept to antibiotic misuse.
         | 
         | Good diet, correct brushing twice a day, and correct flossing
         | once a day is all that is required. Along with an annual visit
         | to the dentist.
        
         | scrollaway wrote:
         | > _I want to stress that I 'm no expert_
         | 
         | No kidding. (Sorry, but I work with GPT more than enough every
         | day to recognize its style)
         | 
         | Not to diminish the value of the comment itself, but please
         | don't mislead people.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | _the_inflator wrote:
         | What you listed here is essentially an evidence based diet and
         | one of its most prominent proponents is Dr. Michael Greger with
         | his works around "How not to die".
         | 
         | He for example features his Daily Dozen:
         | https://nutritionfacts.org/daily-dozen-challenge/
         | 
         | Put in reverse: no meat, eggs, diary.
         | 
         | I might add that there are neuroprotective foods as well, just
         | for reference: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/5/3517
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | > _Cautious Mouthwash Use:_
         | 
         | I was under the impression that poor dental hygiene is
         | _associated_ with Alzheimer 's disease and dementia?
        
           | galenko wrote:
           | There's poor dental hygiene and then there is nuking all the
           | bacteria in your mouth with mouthwash.
           | 
           | You can have perfect dental hygiene and never use mouth wash
           | in your life.
           | 
           | Just cause companies like selling you a product, doesn't mean
           | it's good for you.
        
           | cmrx64 wrote:
           | You don't need to cause extinction events in your mouth twice
           | a day to avoid poor dental hygiene.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | It's better to think of your body as a walking city of
           | interlinked organisms of different species than a single
           | organism. They need you as much as you need them. Killing off
           | some of those symbionts can have negative effects for the
           | other party (you).
           | 
           | Mouthwash is indiscriminate in that it kills of a huge amount
           | of bacteria, but some of those are actually useful.
        
             | txtxtatmos wrote:
             | > It's better to think of your body as a walking city of
             | interlinked organisms of different species than a single
             | organism. They need you as much as you need them. Killing
             | off some of those symbionts can have negative effects for
             | the other party (you).
             | 
             | > Mouthwash is indiscriminate in that it kills of a huge
             | amount of bacteria, but some of those are actually useful.
             | 
             | > It's better to think of your body as a walking city of
             | interlinked organisms of different species than a single
             | organism. They need you as much as you need them. Killing
             | off some of those symbionts can have negative effects for
             | the other party (you).
             | 
             | > Mouthwash is indiscriminate in that it kills of a huge
             | amount of bacteria, but some of those are actually useful.
             | 
             | Not true https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35946140/
             | 
             | Also some of those are quite harmful
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666923/
        
           | smallerfish wrote:
           | Floss once or twice a day, maintain gum health, and watch
           | your diet. You don't need mouthwash. (Anecdata - at my most
           | recent visit, my dentist told me to come back in 18 months.)
        
             | bluepod4 wrote:
             | That's strange for your dentist to give up money like that
             | lol.
             | 
             | But also, at dental cleanings they do things like polish
             | your teeth. Do you also not require that?
        
               | dazc wrote:
               | As it was explained to me, flouride will work in
               | repairing microscopic areas of decay so long as the
               | surfaces of your teeth are ultra clean.
               | 
               | My dentist insists that I see the hygienist every 3
               | months for descaling, cleaning and basic checks.
               | 
               | For the cynics, the cost of this is negligible and I have
               | not needed a filling or any other costly procedure for
               | over a decade.
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | Fluoride won't but hydroxyapatite will.
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | Ohhh, I misinterpreted your comment. I think other people
               | did too.
               | 
               | It seemed as if you were saying that your dentist told
               | you not to step foot in the _dentist office_ at all for
               | 18 months. But you just meant, the literal dentist
               | doesn't need to see you. Got it. I feel like this isn't
               | out of the ordinary now.
               | 
               | I always hear every 6 months for a cleaning. This new
               | "3-month" information takes a _bit_ away from your
               | original statement since you are doing a _bit_ more than
               | what you suggested is required for maintaining healthy
               | oral health.
               | 
               | Leading back to my original joke, maybe your dentist
               | insisting that you need to get your teeth cleaned every 3
               | months is how they make their money lol!
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | You're replying to a different person, now =]
        
               | bluepod4 wrote:
               | Thank you! I assumed that only the person that I asked a
               | question to would respond to me lol.
        
               | dazc wrote:
               | 'Leading back to my original joke, maybe your dentist
               | insisting that you need to get your teeth cleaned every 3
               | months is how they make their money lol!'
               | 
               | They make their money from implants and advanced
               | treatments costing multiple thousands, not the PS100
               | hygienist fees.
               | 
               | A hygenist, plus a nurse, seeing a maximum of 8 patients
               | a day at PS100 a time isn't a business I would want to be
               | investing in.
        
           | smallkitten wrote:
           | Mouthwash is not really a dental hygiene thing.
           | 
           | If you need to use mouthwash to prevent bad breath even when
           | you brush your teeth and clean your mouth properly, you need
           | to look into what might be causing that problem in the first
           | place. Mouthwash is like a duct-tape workaround and probably
           | not very healthy for you either.
           | 
           | Btw - interdental toothbrushes. If you're not using them
           | already, you may want to start. Very helpful. Much better
           | than flossing which has some problems associated with it.
        
             | traceroute66 wrote:
             | > interdental toothbrushes. If you're not using them
             | already, you may want to start. Very helpful. Much better
             | than flossing
             | 
             | Interdental brushes are _IN ADDITION_ to, not instead of
             | flossing.
             | 
             | Interdental brushes, by definition, cannot get down to the
             | gumline gap between tooth and gum. Something which _ONLY_
             | correct flossing can do.
             | 
             | Ask your hygienist next time you see them.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | Unfortunately CaMKII also promotes cancer cell propagation.
       | Typical evolutionary tradeoff it seems.
        
       | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
       | once they solve 'aging' they can proceed to solve 'childhood'
       | 
       | then we can stay adults forever, thereby ceasing to exist
        
       | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
       | Scientists may have found mechanism behind cognitive decline in
       | aging, but there shall, in that time, be _rumors_ of things going
       | astray, and there shall be a great confusion as to where things
       | really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little
       | things with the sort of raffia work base that has an attachment
       | that one may confuse with clickbait.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | Literally every science headline these days.
         | 
         | But tbf who said science was easy? You can't force definitive
         | results, shit's just complex.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | Alternative medicine salesmen touting BS loosely based on the
         | research: Behold the gourd!
        
         | digitcatphd wrote:
         | Thanks for the TL;DR
        
         | Chinjut wrote:
         | I'm having a very hard time understanding this comment. Perhaps
         | my cognitive decline has begun.
         | 
         | Update: I see I should rewatch "Life of Brian".
        
         | krn1p4n1c wrote:
         | At this time, a friend shall lose his friend's hammer and the
         | young shall not know where lieth the things possessed by their
         | fathers that their fathers put there only just the night before
         | around eight o'clock.
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | No offense to everybody upvoting this type of thing, but claims
       | like this seem to outweigh any actual tangible result by 100 or
       | 1000 to 1.
       | 
       | I think it's a better use of everybody time to say "Well, let's
       | just wait until it's replicated in humans until we share
       | articles"
        
         | mmcnl wrote:
         | I'm more interested to hear what discoveries have lead to
         | meaningful results. There are a lot of news articles on
         | potential medical breakthroughs but I have no idea how medicine
         | is actually advancing.
        
           | hotdogscout wrote:
           | I've been reading gesture recognition papers that claim to be
           | real time and I've yet to see one I can reproduce in real
           | time or reproduce at all.
           | 
           | The necessary hoops to jump when writing a scientific study
           | seem to be very different from the hoops to advance a field.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | Agree.
         | 
         | Also, cognitive decline has been studied intensively enough
         | that if there were a single mechanism responsible for most
         | human instances of it, the science around that single mechanism
         | would've been settled by now. Instead what we seems to have is
         | a disease where toxins, chronic infections by bacteria, viruses
         | and fungi, cardiovascular health, genetic variability (e.g.,
         | apoE4) and metabolic-lifestyle factors like insulin resistance
         | and lack of sufficient exercise are all important.
         | 
         | But HN likes to upvote these announcements written by PR
         | departments at universities.
        
         | Zetice wrote:
         | There is no world in which HN is not a "waste" of time.
         | 
         | This notion that HN must only be for "serious" conversations
         | about serious submissions is a wholesale misunderstanding of
         | what HN is.
        
         | Jeff_Brown wrote:
         | It's possible people vote up articles like these because they
         | want skeptical readers to analyze them.
         | 
         | (I don't do that, and I don't know anyone else's HN voting
         | habits, but it seems at least plausible.)
        
         | macintosh-hd wrote:
         | Nah, surely we found a room temperature super conductor and
         | solved one of the most major aspects of aging all in 1 week!
        
       | freediver wrote:
       | Anyone else finding news headlines with the word 'may' in them
       | obnoxious?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | smallerdemon wrote:
       | Fingers crossed that it can actually be replicated in future
       | studies and research. We definitely don't want another nearly 20
       | years of false path ass busting research based on falsified
       | documentation like we ended up with on Alzheimer studies.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | I thought the fraud did not invalidate the results and that
         | plaque was still considered the primary cause.
         | 
         | In fact, wasn't there a drug recently released that
         | demonstrated that?
        
           | DANmode wrote:
           | Did it demonstrate plaque as _cause_ , or effect (that gets
           | cleaned up with meds)?
        
           | roflc0ptic wrote:
           | No. There was a drug released that targeted that pathway, but
           | the approval in and of itself was a scandal - I spoke with a
           | pharmacist last night who said people at her hospital were
           | disgusted by the FDA's decision. It was removed from the
           | market two weeks later. There was basically no evidence of
           | efficacy.
        
             | 93po wrote:
             | FDA approves stuff all the time that has no efficacy
        
               | roflc0ptic wrote:
               | Not in the face of such overwhelming evidence; it's
               | literally their job to make sure things are effective. It
               | turns out medical studies are weaker evidence than anyone
               | would like, but here there was quite compelling evidence
               | that it was useless!
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | > that plaque was still considered the primary cause.
           | 
           | Plaque has never been proven to be the primary cause of
           | decline, it's just associated with it.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | Is that actually what happened with Alzheimer research?
        
       | Tycho wrote:
       | I'm not sure what the proper name is for this idea, but I
       | consider ageing to be a trade-off between cell-regeneration,
       | which maintains youthfulness, and mutation-limitation, which
       | reduces the chances of cancer. That is to say, if you "aged
       | less", you would get cancer more/sooner. Everything else, like
       | the balance of chemicals in the body, I assume would be
       | downstream of that.
        
         | dillydogg wrote:
         | I don't think we can say that's true. There is some evidence
         | that there is no association between body mass and age on
         | cancer development in mammals.
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04224-5
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | herval wrote:
         | I'm not a biologist, but I believe what you're talking about is
         | telomerase?
        
           | dillydogg wrote:
           | Telomeres are just repeats at the end of chromosomes to allow
           | for replication. They aren't directly involved in replication
           | fidelity beyond allowing for replication to proceed. I guess
           | protecting genes near chromosome termini but that's different
           | than the mutations you would expect in cancer.
        
             | herval wrote:
             | my understanding is cancer gets more prevalent when the
             | telomeres get old (short?), since it leads to more
             | mutations/botched replication?
        
       | swalsh wrote:
       | I've noticed a cognitive decline in myself the past couple years.
       | I'm in my mid 30's though so I assume it's more related to long
       | covid. One of the biggest side effects of long covid for me was
       | horrible insomnia, which was killer. The insomnia is mostly gone,
       | but I'm still not my previous cognitive self. It's terrifying to
       | be honest.
        
         | dsego wrote:
         | Some supplements that seem to improve my cognition (based on my
         | subjective experience) are vitamin B complex, lecitone jeune,
         | omega 3 & mct oil.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | > I've noticed a cognitive decline in myself the past couple
         | years.
         | 
         | How have you measured? I know people do decline cognitively in
         | old age, but 30s is still young. I wonder if people only think
         | they were sharper when younger. I knew much less in my 20s and
         | made tons of mistakes. The mind has a peculiar way of
         | highlighting good memories and downplaying the bad. The person
         | I was in my 20s would not be able to do my current job.
        
           | ccleve wrote:
           | How do you measure?
        
           | jwells89 wrote:
           | My 30s self also runs circles around my 20s self when it
           | comes to work (writing code), but I'm confident that's thanks
           | to the knowledge, experience, and wisdom that's accumulated
           | in that time.
           | 
           | If it were somehow possible to grant my 20s self these
           | advantages, he'd run circles around me. Not just because he's
           | cognitively faster, but because he's able to work for longer
           | periods without feeling fatigued and can focus more deeply
           | thanks to having fewer mental background tasks constantly
           | running and not yet feeling the various time-related
           | pressures that come with age.
           | 
           | Giving my teenage self current knowledge would also be
           | interesting. Even though people aren't cognitively complete
           | yet at that point, at that age I had the ability to get lost
           | in a project on a dime which was was amazing.
        
           | hgsgm wrote:
           | It is an extraordinary claim to say that people think as fast
           | in their 30s as 30s. Billions of people have direct
           | experience over thousands of years.
           | 
           | Yes, accumulated knowledge and wisdom can make you more
           | successful with age. It doesn't mean your fluid intelligence
           | and ability to learn new things is keeping up.
        
         | bluepod4 wrote:
         | In what ways have you noticed the cognitive decline? Just
         | curious. Don't feel the need to share if too personal.
        
         | xkbarkar wrote:
         | How did this go to the top vote? Brings nothing about the
         | article just dubious personal long covid claims.
         | 
         | HN please stop upvoting this nonsense. Already the second and
         | third answers are HN quality.
         | 
         | This is r/covid commentary. Does not belong here.
        
           | CodeSgt wrote:
           | What makes you the arbiter of discussion? The article is
           | about cognitive decline, this is an anecdote about personal
           | cognitive decline that they believe happened to be caused by
           | covid.
           | 
           | If you think every comment with a personal anecdote
           | tangentially related to the article is "nonsense" and "r/x"
           | material then you must be constantly frustrated by nearly
           | every HN comments section of sufficient length.
        
           | simonjgreen wrote:
           | And yet the volume of replies, advice, and questions, against
           | this suggests it's brought enjoyable conversation. On-topic
           | is shades of grey.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | Popularity is not a proxy for quality.
             | 
             | ...and just like Reddit, chasing popular posts and comments
             | is a race to the bottom as it attracts an ever-more
             | juvenile crowd of participants.
             | 
             | Nuanced opinions and expert commentary are more boring but
             | attract a more intellectually curious crowd - and that is
             | what sets HN apart from reddit.
        
               | williamtrask wrote:
               | True in the limit yet democracy and free markets both
               | imply popularity has something to it.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | You might want to research Nicotinamide Riboside. I started
         | taking it to see if it would help with painful inflammation in
         | my hands, wrists, and knees and noticed that when I take it,
         | not only is inflammation improved, but my sleep improved (I
         | track with an Oura ring) and I can concentrate for longer
         | periods of time.
         | 
         | Might all be placebo effect, but I'm okay with that. My doctor
         | seems to think that's probably the case.
         | 
         | FWIW, I'm 20 years older than you.
        
           | copperx wrote:
           | It is a shame that NR is quite an expensive placebo, though.
           | I've found similar results, but I have zero faith in it being
           | some sort of anti aging agent in humans.
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | I think it is costing me less than $2 / day. In the world
             | of supplements, it's not that much.
        
         | codethief wrote:
         | Have you noticed a change in your breathing due to covid?
        
         | agloe_dreams wrote:
         | Also, get checked up for Sleep Apnea. It is a truly life-
         | ruining condition whose primary side effect is lost memory and
         | cognitive function.
        
           | deprecative wrote:
           | This is one of the most frustrating things about the US. This
           | shit is expensive. Sure, for a lot of us making bank in the
           | software field we tend to lose sight of that. I got laid off
           | (yay hyper-capitalist bonus chasing management). I'm reading
           | this thread and seeing plenty of things that would be great
           | from a health perspective but let's be real. They're all out
           | of reach for me. Fortunately, that's temporary for myself.
           | I'm sure I'll be back to making bank within a year or two.
           | Most folks however? This advice will permanently be out of
           | reach.
        
           | jpcfl wrote:
           | Holy shit this. I went years undiagnosed. Saw a dozen
           | doctors. Couldn't get an clear explanation for why I was
           | always tired, brain fog, vision problems, joint pain, memory
           | issues. The list goes on.
           | 
           | Then my _dentist_ of all people ordered a Watch-PAT take-home
           | sleep test (took a lab sleep test, but it was useless) which
           | finally revealed I was having more than 10 events per hour.
           | The dentist made me a Herbst appliance to hold my airways
           | open during sleep. My life is 100x better now.
        
             | DANmode wrote:
             | What region is this?
             | 
             | Excellent catch.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | I've found that going to the gym and lifting weights will clear
         | my head. That wasn't necessary pre-covid though.
        
           | CodeSgt wrote:
           | Agreed! Similarly, ice baths/cold plunges are a great way for
           | me to mentally "reset" and clear up a little brain fog.
           | Minimizing carbs has, for me, also helped. Not eliminating
           | them mind you, but reeling my consumption of them in to a
           | healthy level and focusing on proteins, fruits, veggies, etc
           | for most of my caloric intake.
        
         | pja wrote:
         | Quality of sleep makes a huge difference to your mental
         | faculties. If you could bottle it, the effect would be a multi,
         | multi $billion drug.
        
           | CodeSgt wrote:
           | I'm prescribed trazadone for insomnia, and it's magnificent.
           | Virtually zero grogginess the next morning like I'd get from
           | an anti-histamine, no compromise on sleep quality as the drug
           | actually improves length and quality of REM sleep rather than
           | negatively impacting it as many other sleep-aids do.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Exercise tends to help.
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | Unless you also got PEM with your long COVID, then exercise
             | makes it a lot worse. Bro science is dangerous.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Don't think the sleep quality pill comment was aimed at
               | long covid specifically.
               | 
               | Just because some people have conditions that prevent
               | them from exercising it doesn't mean it isn't the healthy
               | choice overall.
        
               | CodeSgt wrote:
               | "Exercise is healthy" is very, very far from "Bro
               | science".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | morelisp wrote:
               | "Exercise helps post-COVID cognitive decline and
               | insomnia" is absolutely bro science, and _especially_
               | since it can make the whole situation much, much worse.
        
               | CodeSgt wrote:
               | That was never the claim. The claim was that it helps
               | with brain fog and mental clarity in general, not
               | specifically that caused by long-COVID, which had been
               | proven to be true.
               | 
               | And a cursory look at the literature for PEM[1] will show
               | you that the recommended path to recovery isn't "avoid
               | physical exertion at all costs", but to do what you're
               | capable of and slowly ramp up the intensity, in which
               | case small amounts of exercise could play a vital role.
               | 
               | [1] http://www.phsa.ca/health-info-
               | site/Documents/post_covid-19_...
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | My kids have started taking swim lessons at the Y, so i've
             | been sneaking up stairs to run a mile during their lesson.
             | I've thought about strength training etc, but I have no
             | idea what i'm doing on those machines.
             | 
             | Can't say I feel any different, but it is enjoyable.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Running is a good start. Keep the distance increases
               | reasonable to avoid injury. Enjoying it is important - no
               | need to add anything else until/unless the running gets
               | boring. (Yeah, weights can help, but like you said, can
               | be overwhelming for somebody new to fitness)
        
               | Incipient wrote:
               | I find the rowing machine is a great cardio+strength
               | combo that you can make as comfortable as you like, and
               | is very low impact (just keep good posture).
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Rowing is great, but you also need some frequent _impact_
               | for bone health.
        
               | ajkjk wrote:
               | Pretty much anything that makes your muscles feel sore
               | and doesn't cause injury is worth doing.
               | 
               | IMO: most of what makes fit people fit is becoming aware
               | of their body in detail: how to use muscles, how they
               | work, what they feel like, what they should feel like
               | when they're working together -- all of this builds a
               | foundation where, if they lost their fitness, they would
               | just get it back again.
               | 
               | So if you don't know what you're doing: just learn by
               | doing. Pick something that it seems like your body should
               | be able to do easily, but can't, and fix it. Repeat x100
               | and you'll be fit as hell.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > doesn't cause injury is worth doing.
               | 
               | Not causing injuries is the hardest part.
               | 
               | You can start with bodyweight though. Pushups, pull-ups,
               | etc. I recommend the YouTube channel FitnessFAQs or
               | Calisthenicmovement for a good start there. No nonsense,
               | direct guides with discussion of technique and injury
               | avoidance.
        
               | bcoughlan wrote:
               | Strength training is so good for desk jobbers! I
               | recommend joining some small group circuit training or
               | CrossFit groups, where the trainers will show you how to
               | lift correctly and safely.
        
               | stevesimmons wrote:
               | > I have no idea what i'm doing on those machines.
               | 
               | Book some regular sessions with a personal trainer.
               | He/she will give you a balanced basic routine and teach
               | you good form.
               | 
               | I was fortunate to have an excellent PT when I first
               | ventured into the gym age 19, a skinny, awkward, scared
               | teenager. The structure of that gym program is still the
               | basis of what I do 30 years later. Different exercises
               | get incorporated, depending on my goals at the time, and
               | variations in # of reps and sets. But still the same
               | general approach.
        
               | bendbro wrote:
               | Just try some pushups, dips, pull ups, and sit ups. Just
               | do a set of a few types each day until your strength is
               | depleted and you will see strength gains.
        
               | JimiofEden wrote:
               | For me, I started with a very simple routine with
               | dumbbells:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20230609011808/https://old.re
               | ddi...
               | 
               | It's not perfect, but it was great for getting into the
               | habit 3 times a week. Now I often make up my own sets as
               | I go, taking note of what's sore on me and what I feel
               | could use some work. Doing that gave me the time to do
               | research and get a bit more familiar with how to engage
               | certain muscles, and what machines will do what for me.
        
         | bendbro wrote:
         | After my startup failed and I broke up with my girlfriend, my
         | cognition massively changed: I was less creative, less quick,
         | and I could see it reduce my ability to code. Otherwise, I lost
         | libido, had paranoia in social interaction, and alcohol or
         | marijuana would cause me paranoia. When I would ride my
         | motorcycle on curvy roads, or when I would play a racing game
         | or read a book, I couldn't get into a flow anymore. Thinking
         | about activities would stress me to the point that I would
         | avoid doing anything.
         | 
         | After a number of years I feel normal, and I think it was due
         | primarily to finding and sticking to a routine. The routine
         | involves little things like watering plants and making coffee,
         | and I just do them every day without thinking. Otherwise it
         | includes exercise, sleep, chores, work, and procrastination.
        
           | painted-now wrote:
           | I had to finish up my PhD while already working at a FAANG.
           | My professor would keep stacking more stuff that he wanted to
           | have in my thesis. It was a horrible time and I think I was
           | very close to a burnout.
           | 
           | One thing that I later noticed was that I e.g. couldn't enjoy
           | any music anymore. I always used to be able to be absolutely
           | amazed by some tracks and dance to it at home - but during
           | that time there was just nothing.
        
           | Tycho wrote:
           | That sounds like textbook depression (although you didn't
           | mention feeling down explicitly).
           | 
           | During that time, is there any chance you weren't eating
           | enough? Did you lose weight?
        
             | bendbro wrote:
             | Yeah, I found too I wasn't eating enough. I estimates I was
             | eating around 1500-2000 calories regularly and I never
             | really felt hungry. Once I started forcing myself to eat
             | larger meals I felt a lot better and started feeling hunger
             | again.
        
           | grumblehound wrote:
           | I recently quit my dev job because it was too stressful and I
           | was burning out. I seemed to almost instantly get better at
           | thrashing my motorbike in the twisties... I'm not sure why
           | exactly but it feels like a weight was lifted and it just
           | allowed me to focus and enjoy being in the moment a bit more.
        
           | inconceivable wrote:
           | fyi, this can happen in a successful startup/business also.
           | this happened to me when i was stressed out of my mind and
           | stuck doing work i hate for customers i didn't want after 10
           | years of running a biz.
           | 
           | it took a breakup, a sale of the business, and nearly 2 years
           | of doing nothing until i recovered.
           | 
           | fwiw, the biggest takeaways the whole thing taught me are 1.
           | be careful of what you wish for and 2. both attractive women
           | and customers want outcomes, they don't give a shit about
           | your problems and 3. never forego vacations/holidays for
           | work.
           | 
           | as for me, well - you know how the saying goes - it's always
           | darkest before the dawn, and life is good now. for the time
           | being. but i know that if i wake up one day and i'm feeling
           | like a fucking pack mule for people who don't appreciate me,
           | it's time for a massive rapid change, without the period of
           | suffering this time.
        
             | bendbro wrote:
             | > it's time for a massive rapid change, without the period
             | of suffering this time
             | 
             | I massively agree, though I will make the mistake of
             | staying for money again. Whenever I see I can work 3 years
             | at A for every 1 year at B, I can't stomach the loss.
        
             | ilteris wrote:
             | This is a refreshing comment to see here. Thank you.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | Are you taking vitamin d? If not you absolutely should.
         | Magnesium at the same time as D3 and then glycine and another
         | dose of magnesium before bed. This is the magic formula for me.
        
           | swalsh wrote:
           | I've tried a variety of supplements, the only thing i've
           | tried with any noticable effect is ashwagandha.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | If you take a lot of vitamin d, make sure you also take
           | vitamin k.
           | 
           | Just a random source here because I'm too lazy:
           | 
           | https://www.balancedwellbeinghealthcare.com/are-you-
           | taking-v...
           | 
           | > Because vitamin D is so good at improving calcium levels,
           | by taking it alone you could be working to increase the
           | calcification of your arteries instead of strengthening your
           | bones so make sure to include K2 in your vitamin D supplement
           | regimen!
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | Make sure it's vitamin K2 and not K1.
             | 
             | Vitamin K2 is what essentially takes calcium out of your
             | blood and puts it in your bones (and teeth). It's something
             | that's rather lacking in western diets and could be a big
             | reason why people in western countries suffer so many bones
             | injuries in old age (and why our teeth suck).
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | K1 or K2-mk4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
               | MC7928036/table/t...
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928036
        
             | prox wrote:
             | Please note that _overtaking_ vitamin D is unhealthy as
             | well. It's a hormone and I believe taking too much is
             | damaging to the liver. But supplemental and when having a
             | lack of Sun is probably a good balance.
             | 
             | But if you can be in the sun your skin can make vitamin D.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | Note that windows typically block the majority of the
               | radiation that allows you to make vitamin D, so even if
               | the sun hits you every day through your window, it's
               | still not a good substitute for a sunny walk every once
               | in a while. My doctor told me to go out at noon every
               | day, but anything is better than nothing.
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | Nearly all Glass and Plastics block UV-B which is needed
               | to make Vit D. UV-A found in tanning salons oxidises the
               | melanin pigment aka the sun tan and melanin converts
               | 99.9% of UV radiation and converts it into heat, so the
               | suntan regulates how much pre-vitD can be made by the
               | skin.
               | 
               | There is a corrugated plastic sheet (2mx1m) which allows
               | UV-B through, but it needs replacing every few years as
               | it breaks down and its expensive!
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Yes, walking is super healthy, my lunch breaks are always
               | a walk outside.
        
               | Broken_Hippo wrote:
               | Walking doesn't help me for 8 months of the year: There
               | simply isn't strong enough sun to help. December days are
               | only 4-5 hours long anyway. So, I was told to take a
               | supplement from September to May.
               | 
               | My doctor told me to get 15 minutes a day from May
               | through the end of August - and these should be walks
               | with at least the arms exposed (Am in Norway, so this
               | isn't always possible for me, the immigrant). Walking
               | alone isn't always enough.
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | I bought a load of UV-B flo tubes with a desert profile
               | and rigged them up over my bed which would go upto the
               | ceiling and then they would come down in order to bask
               | under for hours. I could control how far away from me the
               | lights were so I could move have them closer to me for a
               | quick 30mins or have them further away for spending
               | 2-3hrs underneath them.
               | 
               | I'd go to sleep under them, just dont have them too close
               | to you though otherwise you will burn but never tan.
               | 
               | https://www.reptilecentre.com/collections/t5-uvb-
               | fluorescent...
               | 
               | I'd also read this website entirely, its got loads of
               | useful info.
               | http://www.uvguide.co.uk/lightingsurveyintro.htm
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | You have to go _really_ overboard with vitamin D3 to take
               | too much of it. The daily recommendations so far are
               | underestimating it. 4000 IU should be fine for adults.
               | There are people that take 6000-10000 IU, but it 's hard
               | to say whether they might be suffering from some long
               | term effects due to this.
               | 
               | You should take vitamin K2 with D3 though.
               | 
               | > _But if you can be in the sun your skin can make
               | vitamin D._
               | 
               | This is harder than people say. You need UVB light to hit
               | your uncovered skin (glass blocks it entirely). The sun
               | needs to be above 35-50 degrees in the sky. If it's below
               | that (like in winter or evenings) then you won't get
               | vitamin D from it.
        
               | copperx wrote:
               | Exposing your skin to the sun also creates nitric oxide.
               | Hypothetically, that could also help mitigate cognitive
               | decline (?)
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Aren't there like hundreds of physiological reactions to
               | the sun? I think it helps on many levels.
        
               | CommanderData wrote:
               | Vitamin D3 also promotes osteoclastgenesis which can
               | weaken the bones and release calcium into the blood
               | stream.
               | 
               | Needs to be balanced with calcium. I wouldn't recommend
               | supplements until you have blood work done.
        
             | ilteris wrote:
             | Do you have any recommendations for K2? A generic brand
             | would be okay? Thanks
        
               | Sargos wrote:
               | I just get D3 and K2 together and seems to work pretty
               | well
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/Sports-Research-Plant-Based-
               | Verified-...
        
         | pmorici wrote:
         | I doubt it is much to do with COVID. Mid 30's is about the time
         | when you have to start paying closer attention to things like
         | sleep and exercise or everything starts to go to shit.
        
           | MrYellowP wrote:
           | I'm in my early 40s, and do nothing specifically for my
           | physical health. I don't have cognitive decline, I don't
           | suffer from little issues _at all_ , (someone once said
           | that'll happen once past 40), some days I skip sleep
           | entirely.
           | 
           | I also learn new stuff and program on projects, which are
           | cognitively demanding, almost every single day. I don't
           | regularly watch TV shows. On occasion I binge-watch
           | something, only to stop it again for many months. I don't
           | drink alcohol at all, but I consume small amounts of THC.
           | 
           | Your "mid 30s" claim might be true for people who are doing
           | it wrong, which probably/likely is the vast majority, but
           | there's absolutely no fair and objective way of putting an
           | age on the beginning of cognitive or physical decline as if
           | it was outside of ones personality responsibility/abilities
           | to prevent it from happening until a much, much later age.
           | 
           | But ... to be the exception that agrees with the rule: If I
           | lived how most people around seem to be living, I'd likely
           | suffer from decline as well.
        
             | pmorici wrote:
             | Obviously it's different for everyone. Count yourself lucky
             | I guess!
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | I think a lot of problems are related to people thinking their
         | sleep is good when it is not.
        
         | herval wrote:
         | I had the same after COVID. Took me many months to start
         | feeling functional again. Any time I tried to think about
         | something, it'd just... noise out? First 2-3 months were just
         | awful
         | 
         | I went to a neurologist who said there's tons of people coming
         | in with the same complaint after COVID, and since there's no
         | literature on that yet, he couldn't really do anything.
         | 
         | It gets better.
        
           | AnthonBerg wrote:
           | I assure you that there is literature on it. Here's an almost
           | random sample of papers.
           | 
           | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.006
           | 
           | https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10238-022-00871-8
           | 
           | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nerep.2022.100154
           | 
           | https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20220016
           | 
           | I would like to point to this kind of statement that doctors
           | often make, that there is "no literature" or that "nothing is
           | known". This is very often flat out wrong. Consider the size
           | of the statement: _Nothing is known and there exists no
           | literature_. The domain of knowledge required for the
           | statement is omniscience. Having read _all papers_. It's not
           | an acceptable statement for anyone to make.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | I wonder how many people just fell into alcohol, isolation
           | induced depression, sedentary lifestyle, weight gain, etc...
           | and that their health decline had nothing to do with COVID.
           | 
           | That's the issue with these anecdotes
        
             | herval wrote:
             | there wasn't really much of a lockdown where I live, so I
             | sincerely doubt that. Also I got COVID after the entire
             | lockdown was over everywhere (2021), sooo no
        
             | AnthonBerg wrote:
             | Please forgive me for turning your words back on you: The
             | issue with these statements such as yours is that they
             | assume the non-existence of evidence that confirms that
             | people's experience is real.
             | 
             | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.006
             | 
             | SARS-CoV-2 is _known_ to cause brain damage, endocrine
             | problems, and circulatory issues which impede oxygenation.
             | Of the brain.
        
             | thisguyfox wrote:
             | When the pandemic hit I went the opposite. Focused on a
             | healthy mind and body, was able to study a bunch and
             | finally broken through a few mental plateaus.
             | 
             | But then I _got_ COVID and I can tell you COVID brain is
             | real. Even after I had recovered physically there were a
             | few weeks of obvious cognitive degradation. One of my first
             | days testing negative I was trying to implement some pretty
             | basic pagination logic but when it came time to writing the
             | algos for it, it was like my body flipped a switch and I
             | would get impossibly drowsy and have to go lie down.
             | 
             | I've had covid twice since then without the same problem
             | but it is very real and wild.
        
               | herval wrote:
               | exactly! The slighted mental effort made me want to go to
               | sleep too :(
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | For me personally, I've been working from home for years.
             | While the world around me changed, my life stayed the same.
        
             | dd36 wrote:
             | OP did not claim their comment wasn't an anecdote...
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | Long COVID is real.
        
         | PrimeMcFly wrote:
         | > I'm in my mid 30's though so I assume it's more related to
         | long covid.
         | 
         | Much more likely to just be aging. You're not too old for it.
        
           | decremental wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | retSava wrote:
         | Have a blood work checkup. Ensure you'll check vitamin and
         | mineral levels, perhaps most notably vit D and iron. Also check
         | ferritin and transferrin saturation (aids in pinpointing
         | hemochromatosis ie iron overload, which for many leads to brain
         | fog and fatigue and often shows up your age). Exercise
         | regularly.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | Poor sleep causes significant cognitive impairments in memory,
         | processing speed, etc. Restoring good sleep usually restores
         | most cognitive function, depending on the extent of the sleep
         | deficit. Get a sleep watch or device to track both duration and
         | depth of sleep.
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | So, how do we stop it?
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | Golden rule with anything health-related:
         | 
         | 1. Fix sleep
         | 
         | 2. Drink water
         | 
         | 3. Have Magnesium, Zinc, Vitamin D, and natural proteines
         | 
         | 4. Move your behind
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | If you die early enough you should be able to prevent any
         | cognitive decline, or at least experience it all at once and
         | very fast.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | Hmm, anything with fewer side effects?
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | I wonder if one could even guarantee a quick and early death
           | without suicide. I assume if you join the military or
           | something, if you get shot on the battlefield you could end
           | up surviving with extreme pain, or bleeding out over a long
           | period of time, neither of which are particularly desirable.
           | There are various ways to go to sleep and never wake up, but
           | I'd assume anything you did intentionally would be suicide.
           | 
           | Some people aren't against committing suicide, but assuming
           | you were someone who's afraid of death (so can't just commit
           | suicide) but still doesn't want to live into their later
           | years, what could you even do? I assume just increase the
           | chance of accidents, but what kind of accident would result
           | in death with minimal suffering?
        
             | DANmode wrote:
             | Exotic extreme sports, to answer your question.
             | 
             | But, most people I've come across that are outward with
             | this attitude say they smoke tobacco to help, and have a
             | suicide method all planned out and ready to go as a
             | guarantee.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | > Exotic extreme sports, to answer your question.
               | 
               | Ah, so that's where the saying "do you have a death
               | wish?!" came from :)
               | 
               | > But, most people I've come across that are outward with
               | this attitude say they smoke tobacco to help, and have a
               | suicide method all planned out and ready to go as a
               | guarantee.
               | 
               | Having a plan and having the guts to carry it out are two
               | different things. I've attempted suicide twice but
               | chickened out both times. Honestly glad I didn't go
               | through with it.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | The brain is an extremely complicated
       | 
       | I think they may have found one mechanism or one part behind the
       | cognitive decline in aging.
       | 
       | I am certain there are several different processes that
       | contribute to it and finding all of them and then mitigating
       | those may have side effects in other parts of the brain.
       | 
       | I have an extremely speculative and not based on science that the
       | brain simply is not meant to function forever.
       | 
       | We extend life in various ways, and we get better at it. Perhaps
       | in a couple of decades people will live (be kept alive) for 100
       | years on average. (well those who live in a country where such
       | medication and treatment is available and at some level
       | affordable)
       | 
       | But human evolution has not caught up with the prolonged life
       | span since living that long has been an exception for 300.000
       | years and looking farther back in evolution probably millions of
       | years
        
       | avereveard wrote:
       | > May
       | 
       | article like these come out dozen per year, and it's all putative
       | unless they can make a pill out of that knowledge
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | Eventually we will reach a point where humans are immortal.
       | They'll still die if they're shot or clog their arteries etc but
       | they won't die purely based on running down a clock.
       | 
       | There's no inherent reason we have to die. It's an evolved
       | strategy to allow newer models to replace us. Turn that off and
       | you'd stay around until physical damage and irreparable decay
       | takes you out.
       | 
       | It will be interesting from a societal standpoint. You'll have
       | the real scum people wanting free immortality and people arguing
       | they should get it even though they're horrible. You'll have the
       | rich people who want to keep it to themselves because the poor
       | don't deserve it. Things like prison sentences and the general
       | value of time would all be messed up.
        
         | jbotz wrote:
         | > [death is] an evolved strategy to allow newer models to
         | replace us
         | 
         | I don't think that's true and it's pretty difficult to argue
         | that it is given how close to universal death is among living
         | things... if it were true evolution would also have explored
         | the adjacent possible of near immortality more often. After all
         | living longer also means potentially producing more offspring,
         | so it's not an impediment to natural selection. Probably more
         | accurate to say that between the complexity required to keep
         | repairing the accumulated damage in an individual organism over
         | time and simply replacing the organism with a new model every
         | so often, evolution prudently chose the later. Evolution is
         | economical... making highly complex systems that are eternally
         | resilient and repairable is not.
         | 
         | I don't doubt we'll soon be able to extend lifespan (and
         | healthspan) by quite a bit but not indefinitely unless we can
         | transfer the mind to a new body. And frankly I doubt _that_
         | makes a lot of sense because I don 't think 200-year-old me
         | will feel much identity with 20-year-old me anyway. The
         | Buddhists probably have it right that the sense of a continuous
         | self is largely an illusion.
        
         | acters wrote:
         | Who is to say we are not reaching the levels of irreparable
         | decay or physical damage to render death more likely? Instead
         | of death, how about the years or months before the eventuality
         | where we are losing our capabilities in a variety of methods? I
         | say we are reaching this type of milestone you have spoken
         | about in your comment. Even the tidbit about rich people
         | hogging resources because they are doing exactly that right
         | now!
         | 
         | I say this because I do believe that a lot of research into
         | aging is just finding a lot of strange oddities in our genes,
         | and biological mechanisms. There was never any long term
         | biological process such as natural selection, darwinism and
         | survivorship bias to remove or refine them into something that
         | works better or works for indefinite lengths of time. It is
         | only recently that more humans are able to live 60+ years and
         | that there is billions of humans compared to the numbers of
         | live humans in previous centuries.
        
         | kyriakos wrote:
         | Immortality raises a lot of ethical and philosophical questions
         | that we will need to tackle if it ever becomes real. For
         | example, if you live 200 years, how much would you remember of
         | your first 30 years of life? Will that 200 year old person
         | still technically be the same as the one that was born if he
         | hardly remembers anything?
        
           | throw__away7391 wrote:
           | No it doesn't.
           | 
           | I'm a good bit younger than 200 and barely remember large
           | portions of my earlier life already. What's so special about
           | 200 that makes it any different?
        
             | acters wrote:
             | In another comment I spoke about how many more people are
             | able to reach 60+ years of age, and that the amount of
             | people living longer have exponentially grown. Our world
             | population reaching another billions milestone at faster
             | timeframes. Scarily, life expectancy was always at around
             | 20-30 years for a large portion of history for humans.(most
             | who reached 15 years of age were capable of living to 50
             | years albeit they were considered to be outliers) Around
             | neolithic times, we had moved towards increasing population
             | density and promoting growths. This time period was odd as
             | it lowered the overall life expectancy because there were
             | more humans that died from other methods as lifestyles
             | changed from hunter-gatherer to more sedentary lifestyles.
             | Hunter-gatherer lifestyles required loads of land for a
             | single human to survive, which the neolithic era had been
             | able to fix with the introduction of farming. Due to
             | density, more people started attacking one another for
             | variety of reasons and heavily relied on farm crops to
             | sustain increased human populations. Societal growth of
             | centers such as towns and cities then countries continued.
             | Excluding many outliers, life expectancy only started to
             | rise in the 1950s and has kept further increasing past 50+
             | years and 60+ years.
             | 
             | So yes there is something special about reaching 200 years
             | of age. As it will singal a milestone no other human has
             | ever reached from all of history. On the other hand, life
             | expectancy growing at an alarming rate is putting a lot of
             | strain on resources and land availability.
        
               | throw__away7391 wrote:
               | So by your logic we should be trying to reduce human life
               | expectancy?!
               | 
               | But honestly I really don't think these arguments are
               | motivated by/a consequence of real belief in them, it's
               | more a kind of cope with the current situation that we've
               | become acclimated to, something in the vein of "if god
               | intended men to fly they'd have wings".
        
               | acters wrote:
               | It is ignorant to not plan on methods of habilitating
               | more people. There is an unsolved problem of space
               | constraints and transportation costs of essentials and
               | optional resources. Reducing life expectancy and
               | population will not solve these fundamental issues. If
               | these two constraints are able to be solved sufficiently
               | enough, then people will be able to live in larger swaths
               | of land or in outer/near orbit space or within the
               | oceans. It all depends on how we progress from here.
               | Right now we are having the same issues that plagued the
               | neolithic era. Our increase in population and life
               | expectancy will end up hurting us because of the unsolved
               | logistical issues.
        
       | danielskogly wrote:
       | Link to paper:
       | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.ade5892
        
       | getarofilter wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | Ensorceled wrote:
       | Apparently we should add "in mice", "single study", "small study"
       | and about 14 other disclaimers to every HN title about science.
       | 
       | If you care desperately about "in mice" find a less "general
       | interest" news source.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > Apparently we should add "in mice", "single study", "small
         | study" and about 14 other disclaimers to every HN title about
         | science.
         | 
         | That would be nice, yes. Otherwise there's an endless stream of
         | "revolutionary" discoveries that turn out to be nothing.
        
           | Zetice wrote:
           | And what a tragedy that would be. Positively unrecoverable,
           | we might end up remembering we're not experts, this is not a
           | scientific website, and fun/excitement/entertainment is a
           | good thing.
        
         | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
         | "Room temperature superconductivity discovered in mice." would
         | be an interesting turn of events at least.
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | Its not about caring desperately about "in mice", it's about
         | respecting HN as a feed of articles that represent their
         | titles.
         | 
         | The underlying study that this PR hype piece is advertising
         | does not, and correctly includes "in mice".
        
       | UhUhUhUh wrote:
       | Research now more or less always proceeds bottom-up so that it's
       | never possible to determine causality from results. Everyone
       | looks for causality, researchers look for positive results and
       | the wheel keeps on turning. When top-down thinking disappears,
       | science enters a cognitive decline of its own. This one is
       | contagious.
        
       | freehorse wrote:
       | > Researchers using mouse models found that altering the CaMKII
       | brain protein caused similar cognitive effects as those that
       | happen through normal aging.
       | 
       | This should be the title of the article. Honestly these
       | supposedly dissemination articles do not offer much more than
       | reading the abstract or skimming a bit through the article
       | itself.
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.ade5892
        
         | onurcel wrote:
         | Realistically, with the title you suggest nobody would have
         | read the post.
         | 
         | A title is not "the most informative and complete sentence
         | summarizing the article", it also has the goal to stimulate
         | curiosity. I understand that we don't want misleading titles
         | but this obsession on titles is not very helpful. I am
         | participating in this useless conversation but I couldn't help
         | myself. Now every single HN post has a comment on how the title
         | is wrong..
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > A title is not "the most informative and complete sentence
           | summarizing the article", it also has the goal to stimulate
           | curiosity.
           | 
           | Are you _advocating_ clickbait?
        
             | Zetice wrote:
             | Why did you italicize a word? Why speak with any emotion
             | ever? Why not focus exclusively on the optimal method of
             | transferring information from one being to another?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | In this case, I believe that using italics to convey
               | emphasis and a bit of emotion _is_ the optimal method of
               | transferring information (here, expressing surprise and
               | questioning someone apparently favoring a practice that
               | is generally correctly viewed as a pure negative).
        
               | spdif899 wrote:
               | Why say lot word when few do trick?
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _A title is not "the most informative and complete sentence
           | summarizing the article", it also has the goal to stimulate
           | curiosity._
           | 
           | It shouldn't have to do the latter. That's clickbait. People
           | are either organically curious about what actually happened
           | or they are not. If they are not, they shouldn't be
           | "stimulated" with BS. That "media/advetising" attitude is the
           | cause behind many issues with science in society today.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Ehh. We've been here long enough to both know that there's
             | a balance. $10 says the mods won't change the title to the
             | suggested one, precisely because of this balance.
             | 
             | It's not about clickbaiting. The whole reason the research
             | is getting funded in the first place is to try to find the
             | link.
        
               | kshacker wrote:
               | We really need "saved you a click" version of hacker
               | news. Same UI just title recommended by users
        
               | spdif899 wrote:
               | The Artifact news reader app on iOS uses this premise to
               | provide one of the truly useful implementations of LLMs
               | I've seen in the wild so far. You can mark a title as
               | clickbait, and the app will use AI to generate a new
               | title, usually one that is more usefully descriptive.
               | 
               | It's not perfect, sometimes the generated title is still
               | totally clickbait and I've seen a couple instances of it
               | being completely wrong or hallucinating a detail. But
               | generally it's pretty neat.
               | 
               | The app also uses the same tech to summarize articles
               | into a few bullets which I don't use as often but is also
               | neat.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _It's not about clickbaiting. The whole reason the
               | research is getting funded in the first place is to try
               | to find the link._
               | 
               | Tieing grants to mass media popularity of research papers
               | is an even bigger problem.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | It could be slightly dumbed down for non-bio people such as
           | myself but kept the "flavor" of the article title
        
         | isaacfrond wrote:
         | doesn't quite fit in HN's 80 character limit though
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Because the authors only read the abstracts.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | The title of the study is "Decreased nitrosylation of CaMKII
         | causes aging-associated impairments in memory and synaptic
         | plasticity in mice" - that would have been the base of the
         | shortened title, if the study had been submitted.
         | 
         | The dissemination article was chosen for submission because it
         | was the one from the source University. (There are more
         | around.)
         | 
         | Further from using clear, synthetic expressions, it contains
         | more information than just the (available abstract of the)
         | research article - it is where an author of the latter states
         | that next steps are pharmacological and involving humans.
        
         | nvy wrote:
         | From the HN commenting guidelines:
         | 
         | >Please don't complain about tangential annoyances--e.g.
         | article or website formats, name collisions, or back-button
         | breakage. They're too common to be interesting.
         | 
         | You're complaining that the title of TFA is not what you
         | expect. This is certainly a tangential annoyance, and certainly
         | not an interesting comment on the article. If you don't like
         | the submission just flag it and move on. Do better.
        
       | Roark66 wrote:
       | In mice! Seriously, is it so difficult to add those two words in
       | the title?
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | That would change the title into your reading. The title is
         | literal. Pharmacological treatments are proposed - for humans.
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | _That would change the title into your reading._
           | 
           | What does that mean?
           | 
           |  _The title is literal._
           | 
           | It is literally incomplete and the missing context changes
           | the entire meaning.
           | 
           |  _Pharmacological treatments are proposed - for humans._
           | 
           | This isn't what the title says or implies.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | > _What does that mean?_
             | 
             | If one added that specification, it would change the
             | meaning that David Kelly seems to have intended. (It would
             | change it to what the poster understood.) Kelly does not
             | seem to restrict the matter to mice, as Uli Bayer does not
             | seem to.
             | 
             | > _This isn 't what the title says or implies_
             | 
             | It is what the submitted divulgational article from the
             | University writes, and the title follows.
        
         | welder wrote:
         | https://www.jax.org/why-the-mouse/excellent-models
        
       | Madmallard wrote:
       | same mechanism for decline in the rest of the body???? Surely
       | oxidation and dna mutations accumulating affects the brains
       | similarly to how it affects everything else.
        
         | HeWhoLurksLate wrote:
         | I mean I'm sure that eventually entropy will claim all of us,
         | but it'd be really cool to be able to help people maybe not
         | extend their life times but be less miserable during them
         | 
         | I think I would hate losing my cognitive function if I realized
         | it was slipping away a lot more than needing to use a
         | wheelchair
        
         | withinboredom wrote:
         | IIRC, brain cells don't divide, so "random DNA changes" don't
         | apply, at least not in the way it would in the rest of the
         | body. I could be totally wrong, I'm not a brain scientist.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | A cell still needs its DNA (to make proteins among other
           | things) even when it is not dividing.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | They asked about "compared to the rest of the body" and I
             | was explaining (to the best of my knowledge) why it doesn't
             | work the same.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | I know
        
       | fnordpiglet wrote:
       | The article suggests that decline in nitric oxide availability as
       | you age under pins the effect studied. Citrulline has been found
       | to be an effective route for improving nitric oxide levels by
       | synthesizing into arginine, which is destroyed in the gut while
       | citrulline is not and readily converts into arginine.
       | 
       | https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1...
       | 
       | ... in humans
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | ...in mice.
        
         | Aaargh20318 wrote:
         | Due to the way medication is developed, we basically only end
         | up with medicine that works on humans + at least one other
         | species.
         | 
         | I wonder how many medications we have missed out on that would
         | have worked on humans but never got to the human trial stage
         | because it doesn't work in any of the animal models we use.
        
           | haldujai wrote:
           | This isn't a medication it's a mechanism study.
           | 
           | I would expect not many and certainly far less than the
           | number of medications that worked in animals but did not work
           | or harmed humans.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Aspirin is famous for having teratogenic effects on rabbits
           | and would never have been approved for humans if it were to
           | be tested nowadays
        
             | haldujai wrote:
             | Why? Plenty of teratogenic drugs are approved and in
             | routine use in non-pregnant patients.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Any recent example?
        
               | haldujai wrote:
               | Not really sure what you're getting at, teratogenicity
               | only matters if a person is pregnant and lack of
               | teratogenicity is in no way a requirement for FDA
               | approval.
               | 
               | There are many commonly used drugs with teratogenic risks
               | that we discontinue in pregnancy or counsel the patient
               | on, picking randomly from a list of medications that were
               | approved in 2023: sparsentan
               | 
               | I'm not sure if I'm missing something but why are you
               | thinking teratogenicity matters when the vast majority of
               | patients are not pregnant at a given moment?
        
           | PaulKeeble wrote:
           | And a condition we can induce in another animal. If we can't
           | cause it in another animal then we can't test a drug against
           | it. There are a lot of diseases that can make no progress
           | under this model which we can not induce in animals or
           | humans.
        
             | patapong wrote:
             | Fascinating! Reminds me how machine learning as a field is
             | often focused on tasks that can be quantitatively evaluated
             | using large datasets. There are a lot of tasks that do not
             | fit this model, especially interactive tasks.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Is there any mechanism for a potential medication that has not
         | been discovered first in mice?
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | > _Bayer said that aging in mice_ and humans both _decrease a
         | process known as S-nitrosylation, the modification of a
         | specific brain proteins including CaMKII_
        
           | Etheryte wrote:
           | While this is true, the same protein, even the same gene,
           | often serve different purposes in different species. So even
           | if we figure a problem out in mice down to the gene level it
           | might not yield any results in humans. That's also the reason
           | why the majority of drugs that have a positive outcome when
           | trialed on mice don't yield positive results in human trials.
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | I saw this report the other day and didn't submit it here
         | because of "...in mice". I mean I agree with your comment btw.
         | 
         | We probably need a standard bracket suffix like (in mice) for
         | these sorts of things, as we do for year.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | > ...in mice.
         | 
         | Should be by default attached to any medical news headline,
         | just to be correct more often than not.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | Maybe if mice did Math, they could avoid this cognitive decline
         | people talk about..
         | 
         | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1059235/great-contr...
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | I misread your comment as "meth" the first time and I was
           | like... well I guess that could theoretically help. You know,
           | aside from the neurotoxicity of meth.
           | 
           | I take dextroamphetamine for ADHD, and even though it's a lot
           | less toxic than meth is, I still have to take frequent
           | magnesium supplements or else my magnesium levels totally
           | dive (confirmed by blood tests).
        
         | carrolldunham wrote:
         | People just jump to say this like it's a game now. The headline
         | says 'may have found the mechanism'. It's not claiming anything
         | that needs this
        
           | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
           | so _" scientists baffled and confused"_ would have been more
           | accurate :)
           | 
           | edit: I'm overthinking this, but the word "scientists" does a
           | lot of heavy lifting in the headline. The number of things
           | the human race in general and scientists especially are
           | unsure about is vast. Putting a person in a white overcoat,
           | spectacles, and pen in their pockets to lead the sentence
           | with authority doesn't give them a chance of not looking
           | dumb. Scientists in media language are 100% of the time more
           | clownish than even politicians or any other profession.
           | 
           | Even the content in itself is garbage, in which case the
           | headline does justice, or there was in fact something news-
           | worthy but the meta-analysis by this article has missed it.
        
       | sfn42 wrote:
       | If your headline includes the word "may" in this fashion, it's
       | not a headline. Come back when you have real news.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Why, that research is not interesting enough to you? That would
         | be you - it is not universal.
         | 
         | There are positive findings, and new research and practical
         | openings.
         | 
         | "<<May>>" there means: "we have positively found leads". It is
         | not "random".
        
         | Swenrekcah wrote:
         | I prefer this to the two alternatives of either not letting
         | anyone know what you may have found or confidently exaggerating
         | the results.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | xchip wrote:
       | Everything goes when you use the word "may"
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | I may have upvoted your comment.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | > He pointed out that this would only work in normal age-related
       | cognitive decline, not the decline seen in Alzheimer's disease
       | and dementia.
       | 
       | That's an important distinction. Alzheimer's disease is a
       | specific problem, separate from long-term cognitive decline. That
       | the mechanisms of both have been identified is real progress. One
       | way medicine progresses is by differentiating causes of the same
       | symptoms. Then specific treatments can be worked on.
        
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