[HN Gopher] Fabricated data in research about honesty
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       Fabricated data in research about honesty
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2023-07-28 15:04 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | cscheid wrote:
       | I'm a former academic who did a bit of work that involved
       | statistical analysis of data in a similar way as these studies.
       | 
       | Fuck. These. People.
       | 
       | We put so much work making sure the analysis is right. Sweat the
       | design, sweat the data collection, the consent forms, and dropped
       | the studies where the result wasn't there, as well as reporting
       | null results. I specifically remember having to have a terrible
       | conversation with a phd student that, after doing a power
       | analysis, setting up a pilot study, and collecting enough data,
       | we got p=0.054 on the relevant test. "Sorry, we can't add
       | additional participants; we can't try a new analysis. We did the
       | right thing and we should report a non significant result. It
       | sucks."
       | 
       | And these fuckers just go ahead and forge data to land TED talks?
       | 
       | Yes, let's also have a conversation about incentives and the
       | system. But individually, I reserve my sympathy for better
       | people. Salt the earth they walk on, and rake them over coils.
       | This is beyond reprehensible. Fuck. Them.
        
         | nyokodo wrote:
         | > This is beyond reprehensible.
         | 
         | It is easy enough to make honest mistakes and spread
         | misinformation before it can be properly replicated that we do
         | still require scientists to be honest. Active deception should
         | come with a high cost. There should be a scientific equivalent
         | of disbarment.
        
           | cscheid wrote:
           | > Active deception should come with a high cost
           | 
           | Yes, I wish so too. For what's worth, I'd buy "either of Dan
           | Ariely and Francesca Gino write a NYT bestseller book in 5
           | years, go on a redemption tour, and nothing new happens" for
           | $0.80 on a prediction market.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | This is the latest in my most frequently learned lesson:
       | 
       | Nobody _thinks_ they are doing anything wrong. They think they
       | are shoring up a weakness in a fundamentally good argument or
       | cause.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | While I generally go with this, it definitely isn't an
         | absolutely true statement and we should even modify it. People
         | know they are doing wrong, they just justify it with reasons
         | why it is okay to do the wrong thing. I'm pretty sure that
         | these people knew they were doing a big wrong, but I'm sure
         | they justified it with "well everyone fudges the data a
         | little." (this wasn't little)
        
           | bena wrote:
           | I'm going to go with both of you.
           | 
           | They know what they're doing is wrong. But I don't think they
           | did it because "everyone does it", they did it because they
           | think they're ultimately right.
           | 
           | They believe in their results, they know in their heart of
           | hearts that their conclusions are true. It's just that not
           | all of the data lines up. It's incomplete, inconclusive, etc.
           | Yes, it is wrong to fabricate data, however, over time,
           | results will bear out the truth of their statements and it
           | won't matter.
           | 
           | They are of the camp that process doesn't matter as long as
           | you reach the right conclusion. Which is wrong. Process is
           | kind of the only thing that matters.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Ouch. That's not just scientific dishonesty. It's also
         | politics, and the legal system, and advertising, and internet
         | conversations, and...
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | "the greater good"
         | 
         | "THE GREATER GOOD"
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u8vd_YNbTw
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | Yep. There are very few true villains in reality. Just a lot of
         | people with different values and priorities. Even Vlad Putin
         | probably thinks he's on the side of the angels.
        
           | xdennis wrote:
           | Please don't call that guy Vlad. Vlad is short for Vladislav.
           | You're looking vor Vova.
           | 
           | It's like saying Ben is short for Bennett.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | Ben can be short for Bennett?
        
           | functoid wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _Fraudulent data raise questions about superstar honesty
       | researcher (2021)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36726485 - July 2023 (33
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _UCLA professor refuses to cover for Dan Ariely in issue of data
       | provenance_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36684242 -
       | July 2023 (131 comments)
       | 
       |  _Harvard ethics professor allegedly fabricated multiple studies_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36665247 - July 2023 (215
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Harvard dishonesty expert accused of dishonesty_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36424090 - June 2023 (201
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Noted study in psychology fails to replicate, crumbles with
       | evidence of fraud_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28264097 - Aug 2021 (102
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _A Big Study About Honesty Turns Out to Be Based on Fake Data_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28257860 - Aug 2021 (90
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Evidence of fraud in an influential field experiment about
       | dishonesty_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28210642 - Aug
       | 2021 (51 comments)
        
       | impalallama wrote:
       | > The two worked together on a paper about how to "nudge" people
       | to be more honest on things like forms or tax returns. Their
       | trick: move the location where people attest that they have
       | filled in a form honestly from the bottom of the form to the top.
       | 
       | Another strike against the entire concept of "nudges". Its become
       | clear that it was a bit of a liberal pipe dream saying you could
       | accomplish huge changes in people or even society with
       | imperceptible "nudges" that conveniently meant you didn't need to
       | address systemic issues and stone wall any attempts at grander
       | change.
       | 
       | "Be more honest by changing a form." "Make people less fat by
       | moving where the produce is in the store." Turns out things are
       | more complicated.
        
         | sogen wrote:
         | In my experience doing research, this question should go *at
         | the bottom*.
         | 
         | Why: A basic 101 thing one learns in Market Research is that
         | personal questions _always_ go last.
         | 
         | So, if you want to ask an interviewed person if their answers
         | were honest, researchers should be placing them last, towards
         | the end of the questionnaire.
         | 
         | But, this only works if the questionnaire is oriented towards
         | asking first impersonal questions, then more personal ones.
         | 
         | As another commented said: This is a lot of work. Doing
         | research, asking people questions, gathering and then analyzing
         | data is no walk in the park. It's sad that this happened. And,
         | most important of all: Always being honest, no matter what the
         | results are, even if you don't like them.
        
         | jstx1 wrote:
         | > conveniently meant you didn't need to address systemic issues
         | and stone wall any attempts at grander change
         | 
         | Who is claiming this?
        
           | impalallama wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudge_theory
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Its become clear that it was a bit of a liberal pipe dream
         | saying [...] that conveniently meant you didn't need to address
         | systemic issues and stone wall any attempts at grander change.
         | 
         | Really? I thought liberals were all about addressing systemic
         | issues (eg. systemic racism), and all about "grander change"
         | (eg. defund the police/ICE, eat the rich, etc.).
        
           | lo_zamoyski wrote:
           | The word "liberal" is terribly overloaded to mean all sorts
           | of things. The OP's intended meaning seems to be liberal in
           | the sense of a lack of coercive measures, preferring
           | incentives instead. Your meaning seems to mean "leftist".
           | 
           | FWIW, I use it to describe that which is Lockean in substance
           | (which entails a kind of radical, atomistic individualism
           | that takes the individual to be the basic unit of society,
           | and not the family), which basically means that most of the
           | political spectrum is implicated.
        
         | mmanfrin wrote:
         | > a liberal pipe dream
         | 
         | Non sequitur political flamebait in the top comment. HN
         | continues its slide.
        
         | Shugarl wrote:
         | > Make people less fat by moving where the produce is in the
         | store
         | 
         | It doesn't? Not even a little bit ? Genuine question. One of
         | the example of data exploitation I was given in university is
         | that retail companies look for patterns in the thing their
         | customers buy, and when they see that people who buy X-kind of
         | thing also tend to buy Y-kind of thing, they tend to put X and
         | Y right next to each other to push the customers to buy X and
         | Y. Wouldn't doing the opposite work ?
        
           | impalallama wrote:
           | Moving single digit volume of sales and "solving" obesity are
           | two orders of magnitude different things.
        
           | Calavar wrote:
           | They may be referring to the research of Brian Wansink, who
           | was exposed a few years ago for at the very least shoddy
           | research practices and at worst active data manipulation [1,
           | 2, 3]. A large body of his work centered around how to
           | rearrange school lunchrooms to promote better dietary
           | decisions. His advice quite literally includes placing
           | healthy food first [4].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-cornell-scientists-
           | downfall-1...
           | 
           | [2] https://web.archive.org/web/20180307074049/http://www.tim
           | van...
           | 
           | [3] https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/who-
           | reall...
           | 
           | [4] http://www.brianwansink.com/for-school-lunches.html
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | > bit of a liberal pipe dream
         | 
         | Fail to see any connection here.
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | I believe it's a reference to these initiatives:
           | 
           | https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2015/10/obamas-
           | effort-...
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | This article is talking about things like defaulting
             | options to organ donor or automatically enrolling people
             | into a 401k plan. I'm not sure changing the default option
             | is the same as changing someone's behavior. Sounds like
             | it's about explicitly NOT changing the behavior but rather
             | the outcome of that behavior.
             | 
             | Something you may notice about these fraud cases is that
             | they are simple things that result in _surprising_
             | outcomes. I don't think people are surprised that texting
             | teens works better given that the only people that call
             | them are parents and telemarketers. There's two fundamental
             | lines in the article too
             | 
             | > government has long been behind corporate America in
             | following up to make sure its policies actually work.
             | 
             | > The SBST team's report showed that 13 of its projects
             | worked; one didn't; and one was hard to tell.
             | 
             | And if we're getting down to it, this doesn't sound like an
             | Obama or "liberal" thing, it sounds like a _government_
             | thing. Can we stop taking general concepts or universal
             | behavior and pretending that when its bad only "my enemies"
             | do it and when good only "my allies" do it? This is just
             | dumb, and it happens even outside the context of politics.
        
               | rgrieselhuber wrote:
               | > And if we're getting down to it, this doesn't sound
               | like an Obama or "liberal" thing, it sounds like a
               | _government_ thing. Can we stop taking general concepts
               | or universal behavior and pretending that when its bad
               | only "my enemies" do it and when good only "my allies" do
               | it? This is just dumb, and it happens even outside the
               | context of politics.
               | 
               | I'm all for this, although it does require an agreement
               | on epistemic principles, which seems like a tall order in
               | the current state of our civilization. Which is why we
               | are left with will to power.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | Looking for solutions that do not involve any structural
           | change is inherent to liberal politics in our society, since
           | our current political economy is deeply liberal in structure
           | (for a definition of liberal that contains both mainstream
           | "liberals" and conservatives, closer to classical
           | liberalism).
           | 
           | You can see this plainly by looking at the pattern of
           | recuperation and dilution of any proposed structural change -
           | making up non-structural alternatives that don't work but
           | might and then haranguing over them for years is a common
           | pattern in liberal democracies. See for example trying to
           | avoid public healthcare by creating "optimized marketplaces",
           | the entire idea of nudging in economics, the idea of self-
           | regulation, avoiding providing free national tertiary
           | education by instead giving progressively stringent and oddly
           | targeted scholarships, etc...
        
         | shanusmagnus wrote:
         | Good paper on this topic:
         | 
         | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4046264
         | 
         | Chater, N., & Loewenstein, G. (2022). The i-frame and the
         | s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led
         | behavioral public policy astray. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,
         | 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002023
        
           | thimkerbell wrote:
           | Are there countries where behavioral public policy has not
           | been led astray? (I have not read the article)
        
       | sproketboy wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | whynotmaybe wrote:
       | Kinda ironic that my most remembered detail about Dan Ariely's
       | book is that "everyone cheats a little".
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/2009/02/ted-1/
        
       | apienx wrote:
       | Recommended video on the matter: https://youtu.be/d2Tm3Yx4HWI
        
       | ldehaan wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | boberoni wrote:
       | The podcast "If Books Could Kill" has a great episode that breaks
       | down and debunks the book "Nudge". The podcast also factchecks
       | various other pop-science and so called "airport books".
        
         | gloryjulio wrote:
         | I am glad that with internet I could cut out those word salad
         | crap as much as possible, and stick with more reputable and
         | updated sources.
         | 
         | Basically we have a better package management system to reduce
         | the supply chain attack
        
           | firewolf34 wrote:
           | Now we just have to apply that concept to the watering-down
           | which occurs when they try to take white-papers and
           | disseminate them to the public through news articles and etc.
           | 
           | It is important for the public to learn - and they will need
           | assistance to understand findings that are outside of their
           | usual realm of knowledge/experience. Unfortunately, the
           | resources for this are shaky, profit-motivated, and
           | arbitrary.
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | 'debunks Nudge?'
         | 
         | Someone should tell the politicians and PR consultants...
        
       | rahimnathwani wrote:
       | The two linked source posts are excellent:
       | 
       | http://datacolada.org/109
       | 
       | http://datacolada.org/98
       | 
       | This latest one has great sleuthing examples:
       | 
       | http://datacolada.org/112
       | 
       | Their analysis suggested that the data (originally collected
       | using Qualtrics) had been modified, i.e. that the data in the
       | data files would not match the original data (still stored on
       | Qualtrics' servers).
       | 
       | It turned out they were right:                 We have received
       | confirmation, from outside of Harvard, that Harvard's
       | investigators did look at the original Qualtrics data file and
       | that the data had been modified.
        
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