[HN Gopher] Rain Panels: Harvesting the energy of falling raindrops
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Rain Panels: Harvesting the energy of falling raindrops
        
       Author : MadcapJake
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2023-07-28 14:54 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thedebrief.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thedebrief.org)
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | Why not make panels that do both?
       | 
       | Also make them harvest energy from the wind at the same time
       | somehow.
       | 
       | "Come Rain or Come Shine"(tm)
        
         | PaulKeeble wrote:
         | These need a conductor to touch the raindrop which ends up in a
         | capacitor for the charge stealing to work. Any conductor you
         | put on top of a solar panel will block the sunlight so it will
         | decrease efficiency. The rain collectors equally need as much
         | surface area as possible for the conductors with their
         | underlying capacitor area close to them. It's more likely to be
         | effieicent to have separate panels as a result. Also rain
         | panels can face away from the sun and suffer no ineffiencies
         | from that.
         | 
         | So the optimal strategy is solar facing the sun and rain on
         | roof that is not.
        
       | johnea wrote:
       | Fuget aboud it...
        
       | monero-xmr wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be better to have some underground cistern and as
       | water flows down it passes through a turbine? A roof solution
       | will generate a tiny amount of electricity.
        
         | leetnewb wrote:
         | Could theoretically put a wheel/turbine in downspouts from the
         | roof.
        
           | chucksta wrote:
           | I forget the ending but I think its milliwatts
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6oNxckjEiE
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | XKCD did a What If about this very scenario:
           | 
           | https://what-if.xkcd.com/23/
           | 
           | If the generator cost $100 to buy and install, it would take
           | nearly a century to pay back its install cost even in one of
           | the rainiest locations in America.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | I found the bottom of that page much more interesting.
             | 
             | >> What if you strapped C4 to a boomerang? Could this be an
             | effective weapon, or would it be as stupid as it sounds?
             | 
             | > Aerodynamics aside, I'm curious what tactical advantage
             | you're expecting to gain by having the high explosive fly
             | back at you if it misses the target.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | Death before dishonor.
               | 
               | Or at least put a remote trigger on it so you can get
               | some splash damage on your target.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | EROI for that is almost certainly negative and it's more likely
         | to just be a source of clogs and maintenance.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | > Wouldn't it be better to have some underground cistern and as
         | water flows down it passes through a turbine?
         | 
         | Congrats, you've invented the hydroelectric dam.
        
         | gardenfelder wrote:
         | Heck! For many of us, that cistern would help cover for our
         | many drought periods, electricity notwithstanding...
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | I've thought about it, but water in my area is so cheap the
           | payback would be forever.
           | 
           | I pay about $30/month for local utility water. It's metered,
           | but I rarely exceed the minimum billing amount.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | HelloNurse wrote:
       | How can the huge and expensive panels required to intercept a
       | meaningful amount of rain possibly compete with harvesting the
       | energy of the same rainfall with small and inexpensive bronze age
       | technology? Ridiculously high efficiency doesn't seem likely.
        
       | bobthepanda wrote:
       | It would probably be better if you had a roof for solar panels
       | that also collected rainwater for storage.
        
       | yuumei wrote:
       | Am I missing something or does this generate on the order of 3
       | nano watts? (They show charging a 4.7uF capacitor in 25s to 2v)
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | I've seen this idea in different guises many times by now, there
       | should be one of those standard 'why your energy idea based on
       | rain/VAT/resonance/sound/cold fusion/vacuum fluctuations won't
       | work' checklists for this one by now.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | Even looking at the actual paper [1] I think no raindrop ever
       | touched such a device during their experiments? In their
       | extremely brief experiments section, they say "The water droplet
       | was generated by the commercial infusion sets" which I think
       | means ... they sprayed one of their devices with a hose? There's
       | nothing which seems to indicate anything about droplet size, or
       | rate of simulated rain. Did they use a pressure washer?
       | 
       | Not describing the actual amount of "rain" they sprayed on the
       | device also makes it unclear whether their "5 times higher"
       | number is an apples to apples comparison, esp since 200W is a
       | _lot_.
       | 
       | > When the area of the raindrop energy harvesting device is 15 x
       | 15 cm2, the peak power output of BAGs is nearly 5 times higher
       | than that of the conventional large-area raindrop energy with the
       | same size, reaching 200 W/m2
       | 
       | I think perhaps the most important sentence on the posted article
       | is (emphasis mine):
       | 
       | > Christopher Plain is a _Science Fiction and Fantasy novelist_
       | and Head Science Writer at The Debrief.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=101...
        
       | ilyt wrote:
       | I'm sure that 20W the whole panel generates every few days for an
       | hour or two will offset the cost
        
         | kevinlinxc wrote:
         | 200W/m^2 is what it says at the end right? Regardless, the tech
         | will improve and get cheaper and this will be a nice sell for
         | countries with less sun. Maybe eventually we could get hybrid
         | panels powers by Sun or rain?
        
           | angry_moose wrote:
           | Then their math is off by nearly 4 orders of magnitude
           | somewhere (see other comments in the the thread).
           | 
           | "Technology improvements" can't get around the fundamental
           | limit in the amount of energy available to harvest.
           | 
           | Edit: Oh, that's horribly misleading. They seem to be
           | reporting the theoretical maximum output of this harvesting
           | technology - e.g., how much energy could be recovered if they
           | started blasting the panel with a firehose. The amount
           | available in rain is on the order of .2-.4 W/m^2. At that
           | rate you'd never recover the amount of energy as was used to
           | produce the panel.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | 200 mW at best... seriously, this is bunk.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | > I'm sure that 20W the whole panel generates every few days
         | for an hour or two will offset the cost
         | 
         | You can--and it's usually safe to, in the translation from
         | actual researchers to PR departments--ceertainly doubt the
         | viability of this claim, but the whole article is devoted to at
         | least explicitly claiming that they're aware of the obvious
         | problems, and can overcome them:
         | 
         | > ... the efforts to collect energy from falling raindrops have
         | faced a technical hurdle that has made the concept inefficient
         | and impractical. ... as one might expect, the amount of power
         | per raindrop is incredibly small. ...
         | 
         | > Now, a team of researchers says they have found a design and
         | configuration that greatly reduces the coupling capacitance
         | issue and one they claim could make energy-harvesting rain
         | panels a practical reality.
         | 
         | One key seems to be that, although you're obviously meant to
         | think of rooftop panels, it seems more to be about large-scale
         | installations:
         | 
         | > "The peak power output of the bridge array generators is
         | nearly 5 times higher than that of the conventional large-area
         | raindrop energy with the same size, reaching 200 watts per
         | square meter," Li explained, "which fully shows its advantages
         | in large-area raindrop energy harvesting."
         | 
         | (I do notice on re-reading that it says "... may lead to the
         | development of rooftop, power-generating rain panels", but (1)
         | one can freely claim that anything _may_ lead to something
         | else, and (2) one can claim that anything _may_ lead to
         | anything else, so I prefer to go by quotes from the researchers
         | themselves.)
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | Right, so why they are bothering ? The technical limit is
           | known and it is making it barely acceptable if it was _free_
           | (because you still need to have dedicated inverter channel
           | for the power conversion as characteristics are much
           | different than what solar panels generate).
           | 
           | And if it wasn't free or near-free it's competing with
           | putting one more panel or adding one more battery to the
           | system. Or... just big, cheap funnel that is feeding water
           | generator Sure you lose some of the velocity but it is so
           | much simpler system
           | 
           | Like, generating energy from tiny movements have its niches
           | (like sensors powered by piezoelectrics from vibrations of
           | machine they monitor), but using it for raindrops just feels
           | like a waste of time, most areas don't even get enough rain
           | for that to matter.
           | 
           | Now if they figured out to do it to airflow with few moving
           | parts, that would be more interesting.
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | Peak output doesn't matter: you cannot get more energy out of
           | rain than rain has. You could build a turbine that can
           | theoretically generate 10MW at its max speed, but if it's
           | being pushed by ants, who cares what its max theoretical
           | output is? Look at the top comment of this thread. Even at
           | 100% efficiency, there is nowhere near 200 W/m^2 of energy to
           | possibly extract from rain. Four orders of magnitude less.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Raindrops fall at 10m/s or less. The absolutely rainiest
           | place on earth revives 12 meters of rain per year. A 1x1x12
           | meter block of water weighs 12,000kg going 10m/s it has KE =
           | 1/2 M * V^2 = 6 * 10 ^ 5j. 200 watts per meter is
           | 200j/second...
           | 
           | So your hypothetical 200 watts per square meter at 100%
           | efficiency assuming spherical cow types of ideal conditions
           | could possibly provide that power for 50 minutes _per year_
           | under ideal circumstances or average 0.02w /m2 over a year.
           | And average roughly 0.002w/m2 in extremely rainy though not
           | world record setting locations.
           | 
           | Now, you ignore the kinetic energy in rainfall and try and
           | harvest the potential energy when it lands at a high
           | altitude, allowing a large collection area and large
           | differences in altitude. But we call those things dams.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | In the UK it would probably look a lot better, rainforests as
         | well.
        
           | konschubert wrote:
           | A factor 3 doesn't compensate a factor 1000
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | There is a sort of reverse time value of money[0] but for
             | energy. When it's raining, it's often cloudy so solar isn't
             | as efficient and the cost of energy goes up. Things like
             | this become more attractive under certain conditions and I
             | could see a use as the technology is improved and
             | commercialized. Energy is never going to be a single
             | technology, we will probably end up with dozens of sources
             | in the end.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_value_of_money
        
               | Brusco_RF wrote:
               | Even the most optimistic reading has these "rain panels"
               | well under 1W/m^2. For comparison, peak solar irradiance
               | is something like 1400W/m^2.
               | 
               | This webpage has already burned more energy than that
               | panel will ever produce.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Right. So mount a wind turbine instead of this garbage
        
       | Sirikon wrote:
       | Between sun and rain, guess which one is there more regularly
       | nowadays.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | Do we also have to guess where?
        
         | taftster wrote:
         | Depends on your area. Both conditions are trending towards
         | extremes. Some areas are seeing more rain that are
         | traditionally sunny and vice versa even.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | This year we've had 3 times the rain we usually have. My
         | municipality puts a foot bridge in the river each spring and
         | we're at the end of July and they haven't been able to put it
         | in yet because the river is still too high. We're also getting
         | more heat which increases how much water the sun draws up into
         | the atmosphere creating clouds.
        
       | lygaret wrote:
       | I was very surprised these weren't piezo or turbine based, but
       | rather harvesting voltage differences in the water droplets
       | itself.
       | 
       | Could a piezo collect current like this, on a solar panel sized
       | sheet? I'd imagine it's not an insignificant amount of power
       | during a downpour.
        
         | ragebol wrote:
         | What's the velocity and mass of a single rain drop? And how
         | many fall in a square meter in an average year?
         | 
         | Can't do this homework at the moment...
        
       | mcdonje wrote:
       | 1. Is a triboelectric nanogenerator similar to a piezoelectric
       | component?
       | 
       | 2. Would this work any better than a downspout turbine? I suppose
       | that could also be wired in series.
        
         | qbrass wrote:
         | It's a miniaturized version of this:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_water_dropper
         | 
         | The actual device is: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.2866.pdf
        
           | mcdonje wrote:
           | That's super interesting and not at all what I thought. Thank
           | you.
        
       | NuSkooler wrote:
       | I would imagine these could ultimately be combined with solar.
       | 
       |  _insert why not both? meme here_
        
         | koala_man wrote:
         | This is already the case according to The Guardian. Imagine
         | solar panels that generate 200W/m2 at night when it rains.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/13/rain-or-...
        
           | Brusco_RF wrote:
           | You're off by 4 orders of magnitude. These "rain panels"
           | generate <<1W/m2 even in heavy rain.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | Isn't this ultimately just a really inefficient way of harvesting
       | solar power?
        
       | mabbo wrote:
       | It's just such a miniscule amount of power.
       | 
       | Do you want to know why you don't see power dams below a certain
       | size and height? Because gravitational potential energy is not
       | very much. And I say this as someone who gets more excited by the
       | Niagara falls power station than by the actual waterfall.
       | 
       | I also question their math claiming 200w per sq meter.
       | 
       | https://www.insidescience.org/news/how-much-power-can-we-get...
        
         | angry_moose wrote:
         | I tracked it down in another comment, the 200 w/m^2 is the
         | maximum output of the harvester, e.g. if you started spraying
         | the panel with a firehose.
         | 
         | In this case, the input energy available is ~4 orders of
         | magnitude lower than that.
        
           | Brusco_RF wrote:
           | Seems misleading to even mention 200W in any capacity at all.
        
             | crtified wrote:
             | 200W PMPO !!
             | 
             | (in reference to the ridiculous advertising tactics of
             | cheap audio/computer speaker systems in the 1990s)
        
             | psd1 wrote:
             | The may be other planets where the economics work out
             | better.
             | 
             | Probably wouldn't want to live there. Replicants would be
             | able to run their fridges, though.
        
       | powera wrote:
       | This is a bad idea and cannot possibly work as well as the
       | commenters here are imagining it.
       | 
       | But it is easy to say "this would be big if true" and difficult
       | to prove "these cannot make anything close to enough electricity
       | to be useful". So, we have a comments section filled with blind
       | hype and hope, and little actual knowledge.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ejz wrote:
       | Seems like not that much power. I guess you could build this into
       | solar panels (some kind of coating?) so that they generate power
       | when it rains too so that the percentage of time the panel
       | generates power is higher. But would the decrease in efficiency
       | justify it or would it decrease the overall wattage produced?
       | Maybe in places where it rains a lot, like Seattle, that would be
       | worth it to increase the percentage of time it is producing
       | power?
        
       | barbariangrunge wrote:
       | That page has so many ads I actually got confused about what I
       | was reading and what was an ad
        
       | angry_moose wrote:
       | So 25mm/hour (1") is a fairly heavy sustained rain. Terminal
       | velocity of rain drops is on the order of 10 m/s. Volume of a
       | rain drop is on the order of .5ml.
       | 
       | Total rainfall volume per m^2 is .025 m^3/hour. This is
       | approximately 500,000 randrops/hour or about 14 drops/second.
       | Each drop has 1/2 * m * V^2 = 25 mJ of energy.
       | 
       | So putting it all together, this is generating 25 mJ/drop * 14
       | drops/second = .35 W/m^2, and that's only when its raining.
       | (Edit: and this is assuming 100% conversion efficiency,
       | which....no. Don't know anything about this technology, but
       | probably cut that number in half again).
       | 
       | Sounds a lot like Solar Freakin Roadways.
       | 
       | Edit: Just a sidenote; back in college the best course I took was
       | billed as a "Renewable Energy" but was really just a weekly set
       | of unit conversion problems like this that proved how absolutely
       | stupid most energy proposals are.
       | 
       | We did focus a fair amount on real technologies like Wind and
       | Solar (and analyzing the shortcomings like storage, which haven
       | gotten better since ~2009). The professor took a lot of joy in
       | shooting down ideas like this though.
        
         | K0balt wrote:
         | How are they claiming 200w/ meter^2?
         | 
         | That seems like an utterly fanciful figure for kinetic
         | harvesting, and AFAIK the droplet charge also wouldn't be
         | enough? What am I missing here?
         | 
         | "The peak power output of the bridge array generators is nearly
         | 5 times higher than that of the conventional large-area
         | raindrop energy with the same size, reaching 200 watts per
         | square meter," Li explained, "which fully shows its advantages
         | in large-area raindrop energy harvesting."
        
         | slashdev wrote:
         | And way more intermittent than solar. Seems like a really dumb
         | idea.
        
           | jurassicfoxy wrote:
           | Not in the PNW!
           | 
           | > A tourist arrives in Vancouver on a rainy day. He gets up
           | the next morning and it's still raining. In fact, it's still
           | raining three days later. He goes out to supper and spies a
           | young kid. Out of despair, he asks, "Hey kid, does it ever
           | stop raining around here?!" The kid says, "How should I know,
           | mister? I'm only six."
        
             | slashdev wrote:
             | I lived in Vancouver for a number of years. I sure don't
             | miss the winter. Otherwise it's a lovely part of the world.
             | But the clouds and the rain really got to me.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | Funny, but also very inaccurate for large parts of the PNW?
             | Maybe it is always raining in Vancouver, but summer is
             | remarkably dry in large parts of the area.
             | 
             | Edit: Granted, the time of the year that solar is likely
             | too spotty, we do have rain.
        
             | e40 wrote:
             | I was visiting a friend in the PNW and we went for a walk.
             | Shortly after we started, the drizzle started. Honestly, it
             | felt great, the drizzle on the face. My clothes didn't
             | really seem to be getting wet, either, that's how slight it
             | was. Then, he mentioned "the rain" and I looked at him.
             | Dude, you think this is rain? He said, yeah, it rains
             | harder, but they consider this rain. I questioned him a
             | bunch and it seems much of the time the rain was at drizzle
             | level.
             | 
             | Now, this was in the 90s. I don't know if the rain is
             | harder now, due to, you know, the changin' weather.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I think this is still very accurate. I tell folks from
               | the south that ask if it rains a lot here, that they
               | likely wouldn't call what we get rain. It definitely
               | looks wet all the time in the winter. As if it always
               | recently rained.
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | A drizzle is pleasant when it's warm but part of grim and
               | cold weather when the temperature dips down (below
               | 15-10degC?)
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | The other fun thing of the PNW is that it really doesn't
               | get too cold that often. :D
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | Average daily high stays under 15oC (~60oF) from about
               | November to April. Definitely cold enough that being damp
               | is unpleasant, especially with any kind of breeze.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Depends on the rain. We don't have the cold rain I was
               | used to from the south. Such that I'm perfectly fine
               | biking in all year and basically all weather.
               | 
               | So you aren't wrong that it can certainly be unpleasant.
               | But it isn't as bad as rain from where I grew up. By a
               | long shot.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | This same kid also walks around in Bergen, Norway
        
               | jonsen wrote:
               | No, the kid i Bergen is twelve.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | He didn't see sunny skies until he was already a man, and
               | by then it was nothing to him but blinding!
        
             | Tagbert wrote:
             | An amusing joke, but while rain is frequent in the winter
             | in the PNW (Pacific Northwest USA) the rain is often light.
             | Seattle residents tend not to use umbrellas unless the rain
             | is particularly heavy. It might not be a very good power
             | source.
        
               | civilitty wrote:
               | All it took was a year and a half in Bellevue and I've
               | never needed protection from the rain ever since.
               | 
               | Now that I'm back in California I get a lot of weird
               | looks in the office when I go out into the rain on
               | purpose. It's a lot easier to appreciate the rain here
               | when it's not raining nonstop for nine months.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | Come spend some time in the Gulf Coast! Rain here
               | actually physically hurts, sometimes. Big droplets
               | (though probably not as big as the ones in the Alaskan
               | Panhandle[0]), falling at a very rapid pace, looks and
               | feels like a curtain of water. It's not unusual to have
               | an inch an hour.
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska#/med
               | ia/File:...
        
               | milsorgen wrote:
               | I get the same puzzled bemusement here in Idaho.
               | Originally from the Oregon Coast I now relish a good rain
               | and love a long walk through it.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | This was true 20 years ago. Nowadays, we joke about
             | Juneuary and this year we had Maygust. Our summers are
             | hotter and longer, winters bringing weeks of freezing and
             | snow where I grew up expecting a single day of snow. The
             | calm weeks-long drizzles of my childhood are gone, replaced
             | with days-long "atmospheric rivers" called "monsoon" in
             | warmer climes.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | Is Juneuary June in January or the other way around?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | June in January, and August in May. As a kid, we wouldn't
               | expect to even _see_ the sun until late May.
        
               | willsmith72 wrote:
               | noooo i'm sure it's the opposite here. January in June.
               | (very accurate in 2023)
        
             | CrzyLngPwd wrote:
             | Seattle rain festival; January 1st to December 31st.
        
               | zardo wrote:
               | 100% it's always raining here it's especially bad in the
               | summer.
        
             | grecy wrote:
             | As a fun data point, the capital of Sierra Leone gets more
             | rainfall in a single month than the PNW gets in an entire
             | year.
             | 
             | I was there in the rainy season, it rained harder than I
             | ever imagined possible for ten hours a day, every day.
        
               | Brusco_RF wrote:
               | You sent me down a rabbit hole. Holy crap! The AVERAGE
               | rainfall in Sierra Leone in August is over 600mm... 23
               | inches!
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | According to Wikipedia, the average August rainfall in
               | the capital, Freetown, is over a meter (~42")[0].
               | Tropical wet-and-dry climates, they're wild!
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freetown#Climate
        
               | Brusco_RF wrote:
               | Freetown gets more rain in one August week than my town
               | (Scottsdale) gets in a full YEAR
        
             | mjhay wrote:
             | Seattle actually gets less rainfall per year than any major
             | city east of the Mississippi. It's just overcast and
             | misty/drizzly a lot in the winter. Summers are bone dry.
        
         | lackinnermind wrote:
         | First engineering is an iterative process.
         | 
         | Which means something that's engineered is made better by
         | successive improvements from previous work.
         | 
         | 2nd this is failing to consider different environment
         | conditions and applications may make gathering energy from the
         | environment in creative ways practical and useful.
         | 
         | Not saying this particular technology will eventually be
         | practical from a commercial standpoint, only wishing to state
         | it's more than just 'will this technology easily solve global
         | energy demands'.
        
           | dojomouse wrote:
           | Correct, but what the parent here presents is a theoretical
           | upper bound. A working product wouldn't even get close. When
           | the theoretical upper bound shows that something could never
           | aspire to more than a vastly inferior alternative to existing
           | proven technologies, the correct approach is to abandon it
           | rather than invest in iterative improvements.
           | 
           | I agree we should keep an open mind regarding creative ways
           | of collecting energy from the environment. But we should also
           | abandon those which are quickly demonstrated to have no
           | meaningful potential _even if we were to perfect them_.
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | > successive improvements from previous work
           | 
           | The first iteration produces 0.5 units. The next produces
           | 0.75. The third produces 0.875, then 0.9375 and so on. Each
           | iteration improves on the previous, but no engineering will
           | surpass the 1.0 limit set by fundamental physics.
           | 
           | > may make gathering energy from the environment in creative
           | ways practical and useful.
           | 
           | There's no end of crappy ways to produce electricity. Get
           | electricity from walking across the floor? Yep [1]. Get
           | electricity from exercise bikes at the gym? Yep. Get
           | electricity from plants? Yep [2]. "Solar Freakin Roadways"?
           | Yep. [3]
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavegen#Criticism
           | 
           | [2] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/18121209330
           | 8.h...
           | 
           | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_highway#Solar_road_pa
           | nel...
           | 
           | > it's more than just 'will this technology easily solve
           | global energy demands'.
           | 
           | You know how I know it's not a "potentially game-changing
           | breakthrough in energy harvesting"? The best place to use
           | this is not in extracting power from rainfall but in ultra-
           | low-head hydropower energy production. Let the water fall on
           | the panel as drops, and extract power.
           | 
           | The energy involved corresponds to a head of about 3m, so it
           | needs to be more efficient than other ULH methods, which
           | already exist.
           | 
           | Yet there's no mention of that application in the article.
           | It's not like I'm an expert on the topic, so I conclude this
           | is a solution in search of a problem.
        
         | dieselgate wrote:
         | Heck it feels like the majority of my whole engineering degree
         | was unit conversions
        
         | geph2021 wrote:
         | I'm wondering if the charge generated by a rain drop could be
         | from its static charge, rather than kinetic energy conversion?
         | 
         | Clearly storm systems can accumulate a large charge
         | differential with the ground (i.e. lightning), but I don't know
         | if that's the principle behind rain drop charge harvesting.
         | Cursory googling[1] tells me electrostatic charge may be the
         | source?
         | 
         | 1 -
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.2023015...
        
           | angry_moose wrote:
           | I'm getting well outside of my depth here, but some starting
           | points:
           | 
           | Rain drops have been calculated to charge up to about 1/50 of
           | an esu (electrostatic charge unit): https://agupubs.onlinelib
           | rary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/TE040i00...
           | 
           | Their paper is reporting 70V, so Joule/drop is on the order
           | of 3.7E-11 J https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=%282.65E%E2
           | %88%9211%29%...
           | 
           | (many, many orders of magnitude below the kinetic energy per
           | drop)
           | 
           | It's important to note most of the research they've published
           | is not using real rain, but laboratory generated droplets
           | that is intended to push the harvester to the maximum.
        
           | MadcapJake wrote:
           | Yes, the TENG that they refer to in the paper is
           | TriboElectric NanoGenerators
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I feel like if we want static charges there must be some sort
           | of potential difference between the top of a large building
           | and the bottom during a thunderstorm. Probably not, though.
           | 
           | While we're at it, can we extract any energy from lightning?
           | Not sure if the blocker is being able to store energy
           | delivered over a short period of time, or if it's the
           | unlikeliness of a purpose-built structure being hit by
           | lightning. Probably both.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | > While we're at it, can we extract any energy from
             | lightning?
             | 
             | Wikipedia has you covered.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvesting_lightning_energy
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Ah, excellent!
        
         | dojomouse wrote:
         | Love you for this! I had exactly the same "solar freaking
         | roadways" thought, although at least that idea qualified by
         | basic theoretical analysis of available energy and area for
         | harvesting and conversion efficiency. It was an obviously
         | terrible idea for other reasons :-) yet it still got a
         | prototype...
         | 
         | I wasn't sure about the droplet analysis so took your same
         | numbers (25mm/h, 10m/s) and just worked out aggregate mass:
         | 25mm over 1m^2 = 0.025m^3 = 25kg
         | 
         | 0.5mv^2 => 1250J/h... so looks like we agree.
         | 
         | And to add a simple economic analysis of why this is such a
         | dead-end idea:
         | 
         | Mawsynram, in India, is apparently the rainiest city in the
         | world with roughly 10,000mm of annual rainfall - 10x the global
         | average.
         | 
         | A given rain energy harvesting panel, deployed there, would
         | generate 500,000J/yr... or 0.138kWh. That's significantly less
         | than what a typical rooftop 1m2 solar panel would generate in
         | an _hour_ on a sunny day. 0.138kwh is worth around 1.3cents at
         | 10c /kWh.
         | 
         | A big roof might get you $1-$2/year. You couldn't pay to clean
         | your roof for that. You couldn't even pay someone to answer an
         | email enquiry about the install costs for your system for that.
         | This solution would have to be VASTLY cheaper than _paint_ to
         | stand a chance of being viable.
         | 
         | There is a reason our existing systems to collect power from
         | rainfall rely on vast existing landscapes and aggregation
         | mechanisms (rivers) to concentrate the rainfall for us.
         | 
         | It is - in my view - a dead idea.
        
         | playa1 wrote:
         | Wow, I totally forgot about solar fricken roadways. That video
         | was 2014.
         | 
         | Looks like they ended up getting over $6m in funding. I can't
         | tell how alive they are but they received some FCC approval for
         | the wireless connectivity in Jan 2022.
         | 
         | "So you are saying there's a chance?"
         | 
         | https://solarroadways.com/faq-funding/
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Yes it's just very, very inefficient solar power.
        
           | zie wrote:
           | But if you could combine it with a solar panel, using the
           | same footprint somehow, then you at least get some output
           | while the sun isn't shining, which would be better than now.
           | 
           | I'm sure that's a huge BUT for an engineer currently, I'm not
           | trying to say it's easy or even doable, but that's the only
           | reasonable use I could see, if it's just a touch extra energy
           | for a solar panel, I could see it as a value-add, if the
           | added cost is low enough.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | I mean this is true of nearly every single form of power
           | available to us, maybe excepting nuclear.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Yeah true. Geothermal I guess is another one.
        
               | presidentender wrote:
               | Geothermal is nuclear with extra steps.
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | It's still stellar power, but not from sol.
        
           | MadcapJake wrote:
           | No this is more like each raindrop shimmying down the sky
           | carpet and then poking the panel to deposit the collected
           | static charge.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | "The professor took a lot of joy in shooting down ideas like
         | this though."
         | 
         | Gatekeepers of domain knowledge usually do.
        
           | bathMarm0t wrote:
           | Ah yes. Physics, the ultimate gatekeeper.
           | 
           | If an idea doesn't work on the back of a napkin, it's done.
           | Think about other approaches to the problem and get another
           | napkin. I think that's what he's getting at. Analysis from
           | first principles is hardly gatekeeping.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | If you think a system not passing the sniff test because
           | basic physics shows it to be mediocre, your problem is with
           | reality, not a physics professor.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | I live somewhere where it rains almost constantly for 9 months
       | out of the year. Solar panels are really only effective for the
       | other 3 months. It would be fantastic if this was a real thing.
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | its not. this is solar roadways level shenanigans
        
           | notyoutube wrote:
           | https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/05/04/construction-
           | begins-o...
           | 
           | I saw the construction of this thing by chance the other day.
           | Is it so obvious it's a "shenanigan" if they're still
           | researching it?
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | there have been other tests of solar roadways - the costs
             | are abysmal, the durability sucks, the efficiency is
             | abysmal.
             | 
             | https://www.sciencealert.com/the-world-s-first-solar-road-
             | ha...
             | 
             | https://www.sciencealert.com/solar-roads-have-finally-
             | been-t...
             | 
             | https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/solar-
             | roadways...
             | 
             | I think its someone pocketing grant money, or stupid
             | bureaucrats spending tax money/grants for green headlines
             | that has allowed those grifters to continue bullshitting
             | people into building these poor decisions as "tests".
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | It would likely make more sense to put turbines on the
         | downspouts of your roof gutters.
        
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