[HN Gopher] People over-emphasize the recycling aspect of "reduc...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       People over-emphasize the recycling aspect of "reduce, reuse,
       recycle"
        
       Author : gsky
       Score  : 160 points
       Date   : 2023-07-26 05:38 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (futurism.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (futurism.com)
        
       | rednerrus wrote:
       | We could make a huge dent in this problem by simply reusing glass
       | containers for things that are appropriate. Start with beer and
       | soda. Move on to canned beans, soup, etc. Setup programs to make
       | returning the containers easy.
       | 
       | We use 80,000,000,000 aluminum cans, 35,000,000,000 plastic
       | bottles, and 16,000,000,000 glass bottles a year in the US.
        
         | seabass-labrax wrote:
         | Indeed, the energy cost of machine-washing glass bottles is
         | surely an order of magnitude less than that of recycling the
         | broken glass into new bottles. However, I don't think you can
         | replicate that with aluminium cans. They preserve their
         | contents better than glass bottles do, so glass bottles can't
         | necessarily replace them. The seal of aluminium cans also
         | breaks when they're opened, so you can't directly wash and
         | reuse the cans.
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | We could streamline this process and increase participation by
         | having local governments provide a bin that they collect in a
         | big truck every week...
        
       | defrost wrote:
       | The short form (6 paragraphs) futurism 'source' paraphrases the
       | long form work of the primary researchers who discuss their own
       | work first hand at:
       | 
       |  _Decades of public messages about recycling in the US have
       | crowded out more sustainable ways to manage waste_
       | 
       | https://theconversation.com/decades-of-public-messages-about...
       | In our research on waste behavior, sustainability, engineering
       | design and decision making, we examine what U.S. residents
       | understand about the efficacy of different waste management
       | strategies and which of those strategies they prefer.
       | In two nationwide surveys in the U.S. that we conducted in
       | October 2019 and March 2022, we found that people overlook waste
       | reduction and reuse in favor of recycling. We call this tendency
       | recycling bias and reduction neglect.
       | 
       | (21 hours ago) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36860103
       | 
       | (6 minutes ago) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36873964
        
         | yomlica8 wrote:
         | Isn't this by policy design? Recycling is the only R that
         | doesn't implicitly call for reduced consumption so it is the
         | only one that is pushed. Reduce and reuse will curtail economy
         | activity.
        
       | ki_ wrote:
       | horrible article, title is super clickbait and totally not what
       | the article represents. There is no backfire and all it says is
       | that some people dont know what can or cannot be recycled...
        
       | cik wrote:
       | It's important for each of us to do our part. It's even better
       | when we help others do theirs. But, we really need to not lose
       | sight of the fact that the (extreme) majority of pollution is
       | industrial, and private outsized use.
       | 
       | It's fun that X airline does carbon offsets. But, at the end of
       | the day that private flight that someone took, his a
       | significantly outsized impact.
        
         | cal85 wrote:
         | > It's important for each of us to do our part. It's even
         | better when we help others do theirs.
         | 
         | I challenge these assumptions. I suspect the "everyone must do
         | their part" mentality is at best useless, and perhaps a major
         | blocker, for devising effective techniques and systems to
         | address the wide variety of issues that have been thrown
         | together under the banner of "climate".
        
           | 542354234235 wrote:
           | 100% agree. The average consumer shouldn't have to the think
           | about it at all. There are an insane number of potential
           | problems in the world that need to be solved. Putting the
           | cognitive load on individuals to each do a tiny bit on each
           | individual problem is a stupidly ineffective and inefficient
           | way to do almost anything. Much better to have either change
           | made to how industries operate, or redesign how the system
           | works so that whatever the desired outcome for individuals
           | becomes the easiest and simplest option.
        
       | throwawaaarrgh wrote:
       | DIY is one of the best ways to reduce conspicuous consumption and
       | consumerism. Learn skills to make what you need rather than
       | buying it. Learn to reuse materials as part of that process, and
       | repair things back into working order.
       | 
       | My favorite example of this is IKEA wood bed frames. I used to
       | cruise around cities just picking up truckloads of perfectly good
       | solid wood that people left on the street, and then would have
       | endless supplies for building. I've built raised garden beds, new
       | custom bed frames, awnings for porches, bird feeders and houses,
       | tables, stools, shelves, and more, just from junk left on curbs.
       | 
       | One time I found a pretty much fully functional sewing machine on
       | the curb. That's when I learned how to sew, and have since
       | repaired jeans, shirts, socks, and made little tote sacks as
       | gifts out of old clothes.
       | 
       | Once you learn a DIY skill it serves you for the rest of your
       | life, saves you money, and helps the environment.
        
       | pyrale wrote:
       | Considering recycling is mostly promoted by consumer brands to
       | avoid acting on their own end (for instance, by setting up
       | deposit schemes to reuse parts), it's not very surprising that
       | recycling is not really successful.
        
       | pluto_modadic wrote:
       | we should be emphasizing "regulate"-ing plastics and industrial
       | waste. Or "replacing" whole entire commercial pipelines.
       | "regulate, replace, revolution".
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Corporations whose profit margins rely on continuation of current
       | patterns of consumption say any deviation from this program is
       | unwise.
        
       | darkclouds wrote:
       | I dont think there is a perfect solution, be it heavy machinery
       | or human sorting at the waste depot, or human sorting at the
       | home, but a KISS approach tends to help.
       | 
       | Barcode backgrounds. Red for waste Green for recycle.
       | 
       | Different background patterns to represent the different elements
       | of packaging which can be recycled.
       | 
       | Bottle with no outer wrapper.
       | 
       | Two elements, top half of barcode background represents bottle
       | top. Bottom half represents the bottle.
       | 
       | ----------------
       | 
       | | RED |
       | 
       | ----------------
       | 
       | | GREEN |
       | 
       | ----------------
       | 
       | Bottle with an outer wrapper.
       | 
       | --------------------
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | | BOTTLE TOP | |
       | 
       | | -------------- |
       | 
       | | | BOTTLE | |
       | 
       | | -------------- |
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | ---------------------
       | 
       | Plastic trays
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | | | |
       | 
       | | | TRAY | |
       | 
       | | | | |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | |
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | Tray with food sauces contain in plastic
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | | TRAY | |
       | 
       | | | ------- | |
       | 
       | | | |SAUCE| | |
       | 
       | | | ------- | |
       | 
       | | | TRAY | |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | |
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | Glossy Magazines
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | | COVER |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | | | |
       | 
       | | | INNARDS | |
       | 
       | | | | |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | |
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | Bottle no plastic label plastic wrapped Multi packs
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | | TOP | |
       | 
       | | | ------- | |
       | 
       | | | BOTTLE | |
       | 
       | | ------------- |
       | 
       | | |
       | 
       | ----------------------
       | 
       | Bottle with plastic label plastic wrapped Multi packs
       | 
       | ---------------------------
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | | ----------------- |
       | 
       | | | LABEL | |
       | 
       | | | ---------| | |
       | 
       | | | | TOP | | |
       | 
       | | | ---------- | |
       | 
       | | | | BOTTLE | | |
       | 
       | | | ---------- | |
       | 
       | | | LABEL | |
       | 
       | | ----------------- |
       | 
       | | WRAPPER |
       | 
       | --------------------------
       | 
       | Basically the principle of working from the out in and where
       | there are joins like bottle tops they get split in half.
       | 
       | Dont know if the Red and Green would affect barcodes and colour
       | blind people much though.
       | 
       | Or a phone app where every barcode scanned shows what can and
       | cant be recycled on the product, maybe organised through a trade
       | body of sorts.
       | 
       | I think the barcode background is wasted though.
       | 
       | Edit. The ascii art hasnt come out well on here but hopefully the
       | gist can be understood.
        
       | pimpampum wrote:
       | Recycling was pushed forward by companies so they wouldn't have
       | to cut down on plastic. It's like carbon credits for oil
       | companies.
        
       | dgan wrote:
       | IMHO, asking end consumer to "correctly sort" the trash is a non-
       | scalable, non-solution.
       | 
       | First of all, packaging isn't even standardised: you need to
       | assume all the information about materials used to be available
       | to end consumer, and the consumer must follow the guidelines to
       | separate them. If packaging were standardised (with a limited
       | number of options, not like two hundreds different things) it
       | would be much much simpler and more efficient. Plus, even in
       | France (just example), sorting instructions vary from town to
       | town, which makes everything even more complicated
       | 
       | But even in the case above where everything is as simple and
       | efficient as possible, and end consumers are 100% benevolent, why
       | would you want to rely on N millions agents, each making some
       | mistakes, when you could rely on a couple (of dozens) sorting
       | plants, with professionals paid to do just that ?
       | 
       | For me it's just blaming and punishing the weak (end consumer) ,
       | because coward and mediocre politicians don't want to tackle the
       | strong (industry)
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Ironically, it was the trash handling companies that complained
         | when the county introduced separating plastic from other
         | general waste, because they had just invested in new machinery
         | that could do it. And they have to keep that machinery and
         | staff because not everyone will separate their waste properly.
         | 
         | But even then, what's the point? The separated plastic is
         | bundled up and... then what? Exported or sold to the highest
         | bidder, who will do whatever with it. Some is recycled / reused
         | performatively, but I'm sure a lot is just put in landfill or
         | burned.
         | 
         | See I don't even mind so much that plastic can't be reused as
         | well yet, but it has to be stored responsibly. Landfill,
         | concrete / impermiable basin, neatly stack the compressed
         | plastic bales there, cover it up, and just forget about it
         | until it can be "mined" again as a resource. Else, it'll just
         | sit there and (naively of me, I know), be inert and harmless
         | until it won't matter anymore.
        
           | seabass-labrax wrote:
           | Why would the companies complain if they still had to use
           | their machinery? They didn't buy it in vain; the only
           | difference is consumers waste a tiny bit more of their time.
        
       | PlunderBunny wrote:
       | It really depends on the type of recycling you do. I recycle
       | (after reducing and reusing) obsessively, while also being
       | painfully aware of the problems with recycling. One of the things
       | I recycle are soft plastics [1], which are made into fence posts
       | (among other things) [2]. I recently bought 58 of these posts,
       | and asked the company that makes them to do the maths on how much
       | plastic was diverted. It surprised me - the 58 posts are the
       | equivalent of "17,694 milk bottles and 79,098 bread bags". (These
       | posts are warrantied for 10 years, and are expected to last for
       | 50 years. I don't know what happens at the end of those 50
       | years).
       | 
       | 1. https://www.recycling.kiwi.nz
       | 
       | 2. https://www.futurepost.co.nz
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | > warrantied for 10 years,
         | 
         | That's not great... I think by the end of the whole exercise
         | you'll have wished to gone with proper posts.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | How long are wooden fence posts warrantied for? A year? Five?
           | OP says they do have a 50 year expected lifespan.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | After 50 years, they will disintegrate and leach god knows what
         | into the soi, of course.
        
           | PlunderBunny wrote:
           | Unless you pull them out and recycle them ;-)
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | Ah but they probably start leaching and breaking down
             | immediately. 50 years is just when they stop being able to
             | do their function as a fence post.
             | 
             | (Aside from that, the serendipity. Two bunnies, passing in
             | the night)
        
               | PlunderBunny wrote:
               | They're specifically sold on the basis that they don't
               | leach into the soil - that's why they're used in organic
               | farms/orchards. (Although, after 50 years, who know what
               | might happen).
        
               | genocidicbunny wrote:
               | It seems to me that with plastics we've been told they're
               | safe and inert and yet have repeatedly been proven not to
               | be (latest stuff about PFAS comes to mind.)
               | 
               | I'm not sure I would trust plastics exposed to the
               | elements for 50 years to not have _something_ occur to
               | them. There's just way too much chemistry that can happen
               | when you're in contact with water and sunlight for such
               | long periods of time.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | I'm sure they do - wear and tear to anything outdoors is
               | inevitable (except maybe if your fence is titanium, in
               | which case the wear and tear probably amounts to
               | individual electrons!) but I would still very much prefer
               | that those plastic bags be put to use rather than
               | decompose - at broadly the same rate - uselessly in a
               | landfill site.
        
         | brutusborn wrote:
         | This is interesting. After the recent collapse of a recycling
         | company in Australia I was under the impression that soft
         | plastic recycling wasn't economical. Are the posts particularly
         | expensive? Or maybe are the definitions of 'soft plastic' in
         | each case different?
         | 
         | https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/redcycle-sof...
        
           | PlunderBunny wrote:
           | I think it's the same type of soft plastic - I've seen both
           | the RedCycle and NZ Soft Plastic recycling scheme logos on
           | some products sold in both Australia and New Zealand. Reading
           | between the lines of that report, it sounds more like
           | 'mismanagement' was the problem rather than economics.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | I imagine there is a rather limited market for fence posts
           | relative to the amount of soft plastic being recycled.
        
             | PlunderBunny wrote:
             | Depends on how many old wooden posts you have - in a
             | country like New Zealand, there's a lot. Several years ago,
             | they (the soft-plastic recycling company) did get too much
             | plastic at one point, and had to pause collection for
             | several months while they sorted out new suppliers, and
             | found new uses for the product. I think they have now
             | exceeded the original amount being collected, but they roll
             | out new collection areas cautiously to ensure supply
             | matches demand. It helps that we're progressively banning
             | some types of soft plastic too (e.g. shopping bags are
             | already gone).
        
           | PlunderBunny wrote:
           | I think the posts came out about the same price as treated
           | timber - maybe a little bit more. But they're easier to
           | install (because they can often be rammed straight in where
           | wooden posts would have to be dug in, and because you don't
           | need to put concrete around the tip), last longer, and don't
           | leach anything into the soil. The latter is particularly
           | important for organic farms, where treated timber posts are a
           | non-starter.
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Most treated lumber sold to consumers is copper based, I
             | think that is generally accepted in the States for organic
             | farming. Is it not where you are?
        
           | billti wrote:
           | We bought our outdoor furniture from this company in the U.S.
           | (https://lolldesigns.com/pages/sustainability), which states
           | on that page "All Loll outdoor furniture is made with
           | recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most
           | commonly used plastics in the U.S. <snip> Loll's recycled
           | material is sourced primarily from single-use milk jug
           | containers".
           | 
           | It wasn't cheap, but it looks great and has been very durable
           | (had it about 5 years now out in the sun and still looks like
           | new).
        
             | blkhawk wrote:
             | I don't like this type of down-cycling - while this is good
             | because it double-uses a single use thing extending the use
             | of the material to another cycle this is bad because it is
             | sold as recycling to the consumer (on the milk bottle side
             | at least). Those containers are probably easy to identify
             | visually even at larger scales so its probably actually
             | pick them out of the general plastic waste.
             | 
             | The main issue with recycling plastic is that there are
             | several plastics that just look the same until you check
             | the embossed mark and number. This is not always easy to
             | find / visible or even there at all. if you manage that you
             | need to identify and remove the other plastics that make up
             | the bottle.
             | 
             | Many PET bottles have a shrink wrap label on them that uses
             | a different plastic altogether. Generally it don't have a
             | mark and can't be identified so it needs to go into the
             | general garbage.
             | 
             | same goes for the lid and related parts (bottles often have
             | a ring that splits off when you open them) but
             | realistically this does not have a mark showing the plastic
             | type so you have to discard it into normal garbage.
             | 
             | So basically plastic recycling while possible isn't really
             | viable unless you reduce the allowed types of plastic and
             | colors massively, school consumers a lot more and somehow
             | create a cheap way to sort out the mistakes that happen.
             | 
             | even then plastic is only good for a few cycles at best and
             | after that down-cycling is the only thing you can do.
             | 
             | glass, steel and aluminum do not have that issue.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Recycling is when a bottle gets made into another bottle, or a
         | fence post into another fence post. Plastic can't be recycled.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Recycling is happily promoted and encouraged by corporations
       | because it is the only one of the three that does not reduce
       | consumption. To the corporation, reducing consumption is totally
       | unacceptable.
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | At the grocery store today, I can get soft drinks in a glass
       | bottle as well as in cans and plastic, I can get forzen food in
       | paper based containers as well as plastic, I can get pringles in
       | a cardboard tune bit lays stax is in plastic, I go out of my way
       | to buy things in cans instead of plastic, delivery food arrived
       | in cardboard containers sometimes but most of the time it comes
       | in styroform inside plastic bags, I use a water filter instead of
       | buying plasic bottles and I can buy metal forks, spoons and
       | straws for at least around a dollar a piece which is not a big
       | addition to any delivery order.
       | 
       | Not too long ago, a world existed without plastic and styrofoam
       | all over just fine.
       | 
       | Electronics can be stored in glasses or metal enclosed cardboard
       | (and it would look cooler!).
       | 
       | I don't really care that much about recycling and I am doing all
       | this now. I mostly refuse to recycle after finding out most
       | places here just mix them up anyways and throw them in landfills.
       | 
       | But my more important reasoning is that similar to "carbon
       | footprint" this is a government problem not a consumer problem.
       | Producers can use expensive products but if only a few do it in a
       | few states then it is too costly for the producer and prices will
       | increase. But if the government bans and regulates material usage
       | then although material costs increase, so long as producers have
       | a profit margin and competition the consumer will not see too
       | much of a price increase. But even in competition and fighting
       | price gouging governments are sucking big time.
       | 
       | There is no reason every chip isn't in cardboard because pringles
       | can turn a profit just fine and soda makers already have glass
       | stored products for quite some time so they have no excuse.
       | 
       | An argument I've heard is the other materials are hard to make at
       | scale, but I already see them at scale. Even apple from what I
       | hear has eliminated all but 4% plastic from their iPhones (not
       | sure what the material is now).
       | 
       | I am convinced that just like governments can solve climate
       | change with nuclear power, water centric infra buildout and
       | reducing cars (not replacing with evs), so can they solve waste
       | that isn't degradable.
       | 
       | I have said it before, the root cause in my opinion is the US
       | needs constitutional reform and the rest of the world will catch
       | on, even China will if their export economy depended on it.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Landfill is demonized.
       | 
       | And yet for plastic waste it's the best destination.
       | 
       | Our society is obsessed with "keeping plastic out of landfill".
       | Why? Are we running out of landfill? No.
       | 
       | We're so obsessed with keeping plastic out of landfill that we
       | come up with ideas like putting waste plastic into roads. Sounds
       | great doesn't it?
       | 
       | Until you realize cars and trucks drive in those roads, grind
       | them down. Grind out the plastic into microplastic as that go
       | into air water soil food animals people.
       | 
       | But hey, the important thing is the plastic was kept out of
       | landfill, right?
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > Are we running out of landfill? No
         | 
         | Varies by country.
        
           | andrewstuart wrote:
           | You should put it in roads.
        
           | tomjen3 wrote:
           | Then the free market will solve that problem too: those who
           | have excess land will take the stuff of our hands for a small
           | fee. Put it into old coal mines as an example.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Landfill isn't demonised. It just happens to be the worst
         | option for most stuff.
         | 
         | Libertarians in the US have been landfill stans for decades
         | because they are funded by the people who provide the inputs
         | for non-recycled plastics, namely fossil fuels.
         | 
         | The only thing they hate more than recycling is single use
         | plastic bans, again because that means less fossil fuel sales.
         | 
         | Ironically, their anti-recycling propaganda has been so
         | successful that people have just started supporting outright
         | bans. And now they have to embarrassingly suggest that bans are
         | unnecessary because single use plastics can be recycled
         | instead.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > Landfill isn't demonised. It just happens to be the worst
           | option for most stuff.
           | 
           | This would be what to expand on. Without this, you have no
           | foundation for the rest of your comment. I'll happily listen
           | to why landfills are bad, I don't care about a bunch of
           | motives and associations that rely on your audience already
           | agreeing with you that landfills are bad to have any
           | relevance.
           | 
           | That's how propaganda works. It often leads by assuming the
           | question, skips right past it into invective and speculation
           | about the opponents' evil motives and associations; then when
           | the audience asks about the question you skipped, it turns to
           | speculation about the audience's evil motives and
           | associations.
           | 
           |  _Landfill isn 't demonized, it's just bad! I'm not going to
           | tell you why, though, I'm going to talk about the character
           | of the people who disagree with me._
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" In a series of experiments, the UV researchers first asked
       | participants first to list "reduce," "reuse," and "recycle" by
       | order of efficacy -- the correct answer being the same one in the
       | old slogan -- finding that a whopping 78 percent got it wrong. In
       | a second experiment, the researchers had participants use a
       | computer program to virtually "sort" waste into recycling,
       | compost, and landfill bins. Unfortunately, the outcome of that
       | survey was even more stark, with many incorrectly putting non-
       | recyclable waste, such as plastic bags and lightbulbs, into the
       | virtual recycle bin."_
       | 
       | That doesn't mean that recycling has "backfired". It just means
       | that it's not occupying much consumer attention. Which it
       | shouldn't. It's not about virtue signaling. It's about bulk
       | materials handling.
       | 
       | As I pointed out the last time this came up on HN, the machinery
       | that sorts recyclables today does a far better job than humans.
       | It's not even clear that it's even worth having people sort out
       | trash from recyclables. Here's a plant that takes in ordinary
       | trash and sorts it.[1] About 25% goes to the landfill, the rest
       | is recycled. San Jose has two such plants. Total capacity over
       | 200 tons per hour.
       | 
       | This problem is routinely being solved by mostly boring but
       | useful heavy machinery. The non-serious players talk about
       | "green" and "eco" and want "awareness". The serious players in
       | recycling talk about tons per hour.
       | 
       | Modern recycling plans aren't that big. The one that does all of
       | San Francisco is about the size of a Target store.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taUCHnAzlgw
        
         | yread wrote:
         | I thought the article would be more about how (warning
         | speculation:) recycled plastic materials leech way more
         | microplastics into the environment (compared to burning them),
         | how people often use multiple products from recycled plastic
         | (bags, clothes) because the recycled ones are worse and don't
         | last as long or how we spend a lot of our CO2e budget on
         | recycling plastics when we should be more worried about that.
         | 
         | This is just an article about how dumb people are. Boring
        
         | beebmam wrote:
         | Some plastic bags are recyclable. It's usually specified on the
         | plastic bag itself.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | I have seen bags labeled as being made from recycled plastic
           | but I don't think I've ever seen one saying it is recyclable.
           | They are not the same thing and my trash hauler at least
           | specifically says to not recycle plastic bags.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | > That doesn't mean that recycling has "backfired".
         | 
         | I believe it strongly has. Compare the amount of non-recyclable
         | single use plastic consumption these days vs the 1980s and
         | you'll be shocked. Consumers got a strong messaging that they
         | can consume this guilt-free and so all society shifted this
         | direction.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | Entirely this. Plastic recycling has done more to increase
           | the use of plastic than anything else. By design, it turns
           | out.
           | 
           | Before plastic recycling came around, we were well on our way
           | to eliminating most one-time use of plastics. Now, we use
           | more than ever before in history.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _It 's not about virtue signaling. It's about bulk materials
         | handling._
         | 
         | people have been taught that recycling is virtuous, and that's
         | how they have engaged with it, and they were being genuine.
         | 
         | > _That doesn 't mean that recycling has "backfired"_
         | 
         | people have devoted non-mythical man-months into processing,
         | handling and even washing their trash, which trash has ended up
         | in the same landfills they were going to before. Think how much
         | free time the average person has in a day, this has been a
         | tremendous waste of human potential. Using that much mindshare,
         | children teaching time, and effort on nothing, only to cap it
         | off with a rug-pull at the end, will turn out to be a backfire.
        
           | _moof wrote:
           | _> > It's not about virtue signaling. It's about bulk
           | materials handling._
           | 
           |  _> people have been taught that recycling is virtuous, and
           | that 's how they have engaged with it, and they were being
           | genuine._
           | 
           | That's not the same thing. Virtue signaling is when you do
           | something in order to show other people that you are
           | virtuous. If you would still recycle when no one's there to
           | see it, then you're still doing something virtuous, but you
           | aren't doing it to signal anything to others about yourself.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | > trash has ended up in the same landfills they were going to
           | before.
           | 
           | People regularly raise this as a criticism of recycling.
           | 
           | It's kind of like complaining about medicine if you go to see
           | a homeopath or a snake oil salesman.
           | 
           | Medicine has not "backfired", you just got tricked into doing
           | something that was only pretending to be medicine. Aim your
           | ire appropriately.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | No, it's not. It's complaining about medicine that the
             | National Institute of Health and other authority figures
             | told you to take, that turned out to a waste of your time
             | and mildly harmful.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | So which national agency told you to pretend to recycle?
        
           | AshamedCaptain wrote:
           | > handling and even washing their trash
           | 
           | Not to mention is yet another waste of water; my regional
           | government actually asks for people not to wash their trash.
        
           | smitty1e wrote:
           | This; covid; global <whatever>; et cetera: the "experts" have
           | debased their leadership capital to a substantial degree.
        
         | rendaw wrote:
         | I've yet to see any recycling guidelines with anywhere near the
         | amount of required precision. They cover a few obvious things
         | (food scraps, junk mail) and miss 99% of the stuff I actually
         | have to throw out.
         | 
         | At university there was an introductory talk about recycling,
         | where they threatened that a single wrongly discarded piece of
         | trash (uncleaned bottles or food containers IIRC) would prevent
         | the whole batch from being recycled. The obvious conclusion
         | being that if there's even a small amount of doubt about
         | whether something can be recycled, it'd be better not to put it
         | in the recycling bin (and risk the rest of the properly
         | recyclable trash).
         | 
         | I reached out for clarification on various policies - what
         | about bonded plastic + paper, how clean, mixed plastics in
         | bottle assemblies, unlabeled products, etc and they weren't
         | able to answer.
         | 
         | So I'm not at all surprised consumers aren't effectual.
         | 
         | That said, while I want to believe machines are doing a much
         | better, do you have any sources on the recycling statistics?
         | San Jose claims to be an outlier at 74% recycling (diversion
         | rate?) https://www.epa.gov/transforming-waste-tool/zero-waste-
         | case-... - nationwide municipal solid waste looks like only
         | about 1/3 recycled https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-
         | materials-waste-... . If these machines haven't been rolled
         | out, are they very new, or are there some barriers to using
         | them?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | oakesm9 wrote:
           | > I've yet to see any recycling guidelines with anywhere near
           | the amount of required precision
           | 
           | I've been pretty impressed by the A-Z list which my local
           | council in the UK has. Covers 95% of the questions I've had
           | on what to put where https://www.westsussex.gov.uk/l and-
           | waste-and-housing/waste-and-recycling/recycling-and-waste-
           | prevention-in-west-sussex/a-to-z-of-recycling/
        
           | civilitty wrote:
           | _> If these machines haven 't been rolled out, are they very
           | new, or are there some barriers to using them?_
           | 
           | Trash isn't very high up on the list of priorities for most
           | municipalities and the upgrade cycle is on the order of
           | decades.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | > I've yet to see any recycling guidelines with anywhere near
           | the amount of required precision.
           | 
           | The main one I can think of is the plastic bubble mailers and
           | also the air packaging bubbles Amazon uses. The city says not
           | to put them in the blue recycle bin. The mailer itself says
           | take it to a grocery store. I take it to Whole Foods, owned
           | by Amazon, ask the Amazon return staff where to put it, and
           | they refer me to the general recycle bin in the front. Then
           | there's a web address on them that says the same thing as
           | above.
           | 
           | I don't know what to actually do with them or where a magic
           | plastic mailer dropbox is at.
           | 
           | No one uses plastic bags around here anymore, so I don't have
           | to worry about them. When I did have them, I typically reused
           | them until they basically became trash.
        
             | throwoutway wrote:
             | I take them to Kroger, there's usually a bin at the
             | entrance by where they store the shopping carts. I noticed
             | the other major chains tend to have these too, in more or
             | less the entrance location
        
             | bhandziuk wrote:
             | I currently use grocery plastic bags as household garbage
             | bags. I've not bought trash bags in a decade. It'll be
             | slightly more pricy and less convenient if plastic bags go
             | away. But maybe it's still good on the greater whole.
        
             | mhalle wrote:
             | Also note that the Amazon padded packaging says to remove
             | paper labels before recycling, but it practically
             | impossible to remove the Amazon paper labels (at least in
             | my experience).
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > I reached out for clarification on various policies - what
           | about bonded plastic + paper, how clean, mixed plastics in
           | bottle assemblies, unlabeled products, etc and they weren't
           | able to answer.
           | 
           | If you want to get the real answers to these questions, you
           | need to reach out to the organization that hauls your trash
           | and recyclables. Bonus if they also operate the sorting, but
           | either way, they should know.
           | 
           | California has high targets for solid waste diversion, in
           | genreral and for specific categories. [1] I don't know how
           | many sanitary districts meet 2011 AB341's policy goal of 75%
           | by 2020, but in light of that goal, I don't think San Jose is
           | an outlier within California. With high goals, the trash
           | haulers are doing extensive sorting, figuring out what items
           | are common in the garbage stream and finding ways to recycle
           | them.
           | 
           | It is a function of priorities and volume though. Where I
           | live now in WA, there isn't enough volume to justify a lot of
           | effort in diversion, especially since there's no state
           | mandate making it a priority. It's easy and not very
           | expensive to send everything on a train to Oregon, so that's
           | what happens.
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://calrecycle.ca.gov/StateAgency/Requirements/LawsRegs/
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > Where I live now in WA, there isn't enough volume to
             | justify a lot of effort in diversion
             | 
             | Big cities generate enough volume in waste that an
             | automated sorting plant is a win. There's some interest in
             | mini recycling plants, but not all that much progress.
             | 
             | Agricultural areas that put plastic film over fields as a
             | sort of greenhouse generate square miles of plastic film
             | waste. That's worth recycling, because they have to collect
             | it anyway and what's collected is mostly uniform plastic
             | film.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Yeah, I don't live in a big city, but we're sort of
               | close. It seems like it might make sense to ship to a
               | nearby big city operation, but I guess once you're
               | shipping, may as well go out of state.
        
           | Google234 wrote:
           | You pay enoug for trash in the Bay Area to pay a person to
           | sort the trash by hand
        
             | nwiswell wrote:
             | > to pay a person
             | 
             | Not in the Bay Area
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > I've yet to see any recycling guidelines with anywhere near
           | the amount of required precision.
           | 
           | This is the largest issue, imo. It's all extremely vague and
           | confusing. Combine that with the message that getting it
           | wrong means that potentially all of the recycling in a batch
           | will just go to the landfill because of contamination and
           | it's understandable why people might be inclined to just
           | throw everything away.
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | Serious is when you talk about getting everyone (esp. like Coca
         | Cola and Nestle) to stop using tons of plastic in packaging
         | _before_ you talk about recycling those tons.
         | 
         | Recycling [edit: plastic] is a losing game. It degrades during
         | recycling and its uses are limited. The only winning move is to
         | not generate waste unnecessarily unless it biodegrades quickly
         | on human timescales or is at least non-toxic.
         | 
         | There's a lot of bullshit in recycling industry that it's hard
         | to take claims at face value anymore. The whole industry
         | sometimes look like one big virtue signaling and PR campaign to
         | get more subsidies from the gov. 200 tons per hour doesn't say
         | much about what it recycles to, how can it be used, how much
         | micro and nanoplastics it puts out into the environment as side
         | effect, if you didn't just put it all on a ship and sent off to
         | Malaysia. And ramping up to 200 tons per hour while
         | manufacturers are ramping up to 200 tons per minute would be a
         | waste of time and resources compared to talking to those
         | manufacturers in the first place, why do they get to do it?
         | 
         | And the deeper problem is that it's _all great_ from economic
         | perspective if more stuff is produced, more money is spent,
         | people are busy, jobs are created, cogs are spinning, I mean
         | another whole industry to clean up after one shitty industry?
         | is it christmas already?! can 't wait for the nanoplastics
         | cleanup industry next! as long as Coca Cola and friends keep
         | churning out more and more plastic, there will be enough things
         | to do to keep everyone busy and productive!
        
         | jibbit wrote:
         | I think it's saying that people understood the message of
         | recycling to be "it's ok to use as much single-use plastic as
         | you like" - so yeah it backfired?
        
         | alentred wrote:
         | > That doesn't mean that recycling has "backfired".
         | 
         | > This problem is routinely being solved by mostly boring but
         | useful heavy machinery.
         | 
         | So, yes, it did. You are making the same point as in the
         | article: as we focused the consumer attention on "reduce, reuse
         | and recycle" (which we actually did), focus is lost from other
         | problems (overproduction, microplastics in consumer waste) and
         | solutions (awareness, modernizing the recycling plants).
        
           | mariusor wrote:
           | > focus is lost from other problems (overproduction,
           | microplastics in consumer waste) and solutions (awareness,
           | modernizing the recycling plants).
           | 
           | Which average Joe can do nothing.
        
           | RetroTechie wrote:
           | "Reduce" actually _does_ attack the production side. Overall,
           | something not bought = something not produced.
           | 
           | So does "Reuse". If a take a throwaway plastic bag & reuse it
           | 4x, I have reduced its waste footprint to 1/5th of the use-
           | once scenario.
           | 
           | Only recycling doesn't do this. It defers the waste problem
           | to 3rd parties, which may or may not do what one would _hope_
           | they do. That 's... kind of weak.
           | 
           | Which is why I go for the reduce option if possible. Whenever
           | I'm about to buy something, I ask myself: do I _need_ this?
           | How _am_ I going to use this? (vs. what _could_ I
           | potentially, possibly, one day, do with it). No clear answer
           | to these questions = no buy. Environmental footprint of an
           | item can weigh into such decisions.
           | 
           | It's a simple approach, but produces a surprising difficult
           | hurdle in most cases.
           | 
           | Food purchases pass this hurdle 0 problem. For other things,
           | "because I _want_ it, got the money, my choice " (usually)
           | doesn't cut it any more. Buying a winter coat 50% off won't
           | cut it when it's mid summer & you've got an old but good
           | winter coat sitting ready.
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | I like your appraisal, especially "something not bought =
             | something not produced". But I don't understand your final
             | paragraph. How does the situation change if you replace an
             | old but good winter coat in the winter rather than the
             | summer? The season in which you buy something seems
             | irrelevant to me.
        
         | winrid wrote:
         | It's also the fact that the recycling systems are still behind
         | consumer expectations.
         | 
         | Many would look at a plastic bag and expect that it could be
         | broken down and reused, or that the glass in a lightbulb could
         | be recovered. If we cared more about reuse than cost, we would.
         | Hopefully sorting machines will continue to improve and be able
         | to sort out bags without getting clogged all the time.
         | 
         | I agree it hasn't "backfired" in any way.
        
           | runsWphotons wrote:
           | had no idea you cant recycle plastic bags. really? why not?
        
             | isleyaardvark wrote:
             | You can, but generally only in certain places in their own
             | bin. Some grocery stores and some Home Depots offer plastic
             | bag recycling.
        
             | winrid wrote:
             | They can be, if pre-sorted correctly. But just putting them
             | with the rest of the recyclables usually causes problems
             | with clogging equipment - they get wrapped around things,
             | then everything has to stop and workers have to go into the
             | machines to clean them out. I assume future generations of
             | equipment will improve on this but this equipment is pretty
             | expensive to replace so it will take a while...
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | > They can be, if pre-sorted correctly.
               | 
               | There's no way to do this in my area. Nobody will accept
               | plastic bags for recycling.
        
             | keskival wrote:
             | It depends. In Spain plastic bags are recycled along with
             | other plastic and metal in the same bin.
        
             | modo_mario wrote:
             | A lot of things you'd think can be recycled actually can't
             | be. This video gives a good overview about the reason this
             | belief is so prevalent.:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/PJnJ8mK3Q3g
        
       | omgmajk wrote:
       | > Unfortunately, the outcome of that survey was even more stark,
       | with many incorrectly putting non-recyclable waste, such as
       | plastic bags and lightbulbs, into the virtual recycle bin.
       | 
       | In some countries there are recycle bins for this, where was this
       | study conducted?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | slantaclaus wrote:
       | This is exactly what I thought the article would be talking about
       | --people not knowing what is recyclable in the first place.
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | While consumer efforts are good, it's important to remember and
       | focus on industrial waste, which is a far greater problem:
       | https://stanfordmag.org/contents/industrial-versus-consumer-...
        
         | billti wrote:
         | Or even the different scales of your own waste. Whenever I'm
         | worrying about which bin to put my coffee stirrer in, I
         | sometimes think about the shear volume of landfill that got
         | hauled from our house when we did a major renovation. I'm sure
         | 10 lifetimes of coffee stirrers wouldn't come close.
         | 
         | I think worrying about things like single-use shopping bags and
         | compostable straws is great from a "keep pollution out of the
         | environment" perspective, but I doubt they make a huge
         | difference from a landfill usage perspective.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | America seems determined to do as little recycling as
           | possible for weird culture war reasons, but even in the US
           | construction rubble is fairly widely re-used and recycled:
           | 
           | https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-
           | construction-...
           | 
           | > 600 million tons of C&D debris were generated in the United
           | States in 2018, which is more than twice the amount of
           | generated municipal solid waste.
           | 
           | > Demolition represents more than 90 percent of total C&D
           | debris generation, while construction represents less than 10
           | percent.
           | 
           | > Just over 455 million tons of C&D debris were directed to
           | next use and just under 145 million tons were sent to
           | landfills.
        
         | parker_mountain wrote:
         | Remembering and focusing intently. Why is nothing getting done
         | about this?
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | My personal bugbear, and that of quite a few people in the
         | Firth of Forth, is the Mossmorran Flare:
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c6wk2ml6gwzt
         | 
         | At one point I estimated that's about a hundred plastic straws
         | worth of ethylene per second. There's not a lot of individual
         | recycling that can be done about that.
        
         | supazek wrote:
         | Okay I'm focused on it
        
           | staunton wrote:
           | ... and then do something about it
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | subroutine wrote:
             | like what? vote or something
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | Multiple things can be considered at once
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | I respectfully disagree. Some days even a single thing is a
           | challenge.
           | 
           | Anyway, at the risk of rehashing a very old argument, OP
           | presumably means that if you want to reduce the effects
           | (landfill, increased consumption of plastics etc) then the
           | best place to apply your effort is in industrial contexts.
           | 
           | It's good to reduce any waste but it's rational to apply your
           | finite efforts where they'll give the best return.
        
             | gcanyon wrote:
             | Yep, exactly this.
        
             | themitigating wrote:
             | * then the best place to apply your effort is in industrial
             | contexts.*
             | 
             | The vast majority of people don't have control over
             | industrial waste. Of course I can vote for someone who says
             | they will but that doesn't require focus only an action at
             | most once a year.
             | 
             | I believe the OP is using whataboutism to allow himself to
             | be selfish. "Why recycle when celebrities fly on private
             | jets" or to make it more obvious "Why should I be good if
             | another person isn't"
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Whataboutism is a bad term.
               | 
               | I think of it as the socialist slaveowner problem: "You
               | can't call me a bad socialist, I'll release my slaves
               | when _everybody_ releases their slaves. Compared to world
               | slavery, I 'm just a drop in the bucket (I own barely 5%
               | of them.) Actually, your obsession with me instead of the
               | real problem says a lot about _you._ So convenient for
               | you to ignore the 95% and indulge your petty, childish
               | bigotry against equestrians. "
               | 
               |  _There 's no ethical consumption under capitalism!_
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | Yes. I remember being taught in grade school that "reduce, reuse,
       | recycle" is the order of importance. Reducing consumption is the
       | most important thing. Keeping existing things in use is next up.
       | Recycling is the worst of the three options -- it's just better
       | than the landfill.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | Another way to say it - "Of the things you _should_ be doing,
         | recycling is the _worst_ ".
        
       | secretsatan wrote:
       | I do seem to have more plastic waste now then 10 years ago in my
       | food shopping, one I find particularly annoying is what used to
       | be loose fruit and veg is now packaged in set portions, which
       | seems to double the waste, not only do I have to buy more than I
       | need and have to throw some away (to the compost disposal), but
       | they seem to use even more packaging
        
         | citrin_ru wrote:
         | Related observation - in supermarkets I use there is an option
         | to buy some vegetables by weight using own reusable bug. It
         | looks like a way to reduce plastic waste but the same
         | vegetables pre-packaged in plastic bags are almost always
         | cheaper. I wonder why? Supermarket make extra profit on
         | environmental conscious people?
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | In the UK for the vegetables I buy, I have not observed this.
           | They are cheaper loose. (One exception is apples which
           | sometimes are priced per apple, than weight, for the lunch
           | crowd).
           | 
           | It's helpful that here the price per weight is given on the
           | shelf ticket for both loose and prepackaged items making it
           | easier to compare.
           | 
           | People seem to spend more for packaging and convenience.
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | Organic fruit is more expensive than non-organic fruit,
             | more expensive fruit is considered more luxury, and as a
             | result supermarkets always sell organic fruit in wasteful
             | but 'luxurious' packaging. In my corner of Britain, I don't
             | think I've seen organic bananas sold loose, for instance.
             | 
             | Another example is the toilet paper company which, in order
             | to brand themselves as eco-friendly, use recycled,
             | unbleached paper. Sounds great until you see that each roll
             | is individually wrapped... in glossy, bleached paper!
        
         | gampleman wrote:
         | So I read somewhere that apparently packaging can greatly
         | increase the shelf life of the produce and so the overall waste
         | is actually reduced by using packaging.
        
           | modo_mario wrote:
           | Waste for the seller and potentialy consumer no? I'd argue
           | the plastic wrap is more of a long term issue than the
           | cucumber.
        
       | ldehaan wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | xeyownt wrote:
       | What is this even saying?
       | 
       | I saw nothing mentioned that was backfiring, even less so
       | spectacularly.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | Did you read past the headline? "Reduce, reuse, recycle" means
         | "avoid buying more things, use the things you already have and
         | recycle instead of throwing away". The inclusion of "recycle"
         | led to a hyperfocus on that last, least effective, part of the
         | guidance at the cost of the other two. It backfired by making
         | consumers think they're doing their part by buying products
         | that include recycled materials or throwing their trash in the
         | recycling bin, rather than simply buying less or not buying
         | things or buying things that last longer and continuing to use
         | them.
         | 
         | Of course this isn't on the consumers but the producers. The
         | article explicitly says the focus on reycling hasn't helped
         | reduce overproduction, which isn't a surprise as the economy
         | grows by producing (and selling) and recycling is orthogonal to
         | that whereas reducing/reusing runs counter to it.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Plastic manufacturers should be taxed on their output. Let's
       | start with 50% of their sales price and see how it goes.
        
         | jmclnx wrote:
         | I agree with this, and surprised no one brought up how hard it
         | is to recycle plastic. By hard I mean the cost in money and
         | energy, thus more CO2.
         | 
         | It is time to eliminate plastic containers and force the use of
         | containers that are easy to recycle, glass and paper. Yes that
         | will be a pain, but I remember when everything came in glass
         | and paper. People were able to deal wit it, but that was in a
         | day when you bought things at ma and pa stores. It is all the
         | large companies that push plastics, it moves the cost from them
         | to someone else.
        
       | henrikschroder wrote:
       | Backfired?
       | 
       | > While recycling campaigns can help limit what heads to the
       | landfill
       | 
       | Oh, backfired _in the US_. Gotcha. Right. And because it didn 't
       | work out in the US, there's absolutely no way that any other
       | country could have this shit figured out, right?
       | 
       | Landfills. Jesus.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > Landfills. Jesus.
         | 
         | The US is a very lightly populated country.
        
           | henrikschroder wrote:
           | Mine has an even lower population density and we still
           | incinerate our trash instead of putting it on landfills.
           | 
           | The environmental benefits are huge.
        
         | vore wrote:
         | Is incineration really that much better? You're trading off one
         | kind of pollution for another: toxic emissions and toxic
         | byproducts that still have to be disposed of in some way...
         | 
         | One way or another, countries have to deal with non-recyclable,
         | non-compostable waste, and all solutions to it are pretty
         | nasty.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | You get toxic ash for a landfill, if you have a proper smoke
           | treatment, but you could argue that the waste was already
           | toxic before the burning and far less so now since many
           | toxins are destroyed in fire.
           | 
           | Also the volume is smaller for the ash.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | The thing is, with incineration you also lose all the raw
             | materials and the energy contained within them, as well as
             | release all the CO2 and other greenhouse gases - not a good
             | thing given that most of the stuff ending up in
             | incinerators is fossil in origin.
             | 
             | Landfills at least can be mined in the future when we
             | develop at-scale actual recycling capabilities for plastics
             | (e.g. GMO bacteria/fungi that break down the polymers in
             | the waste into precursors that can be used to create new
             | plastics).
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | The thing is, virtually every single incineration plant
               | also generates electricity, typically at smaller scales
               | than dedicated plants to serve smaller regions, but
               | distributed/decentralized generation is a big win for
               | resilience of the grid overall.
               | 
               | Also please provide at least one citation where "maybe
               | we'll totally reverse the negative effects of this thing
               | we put into our environment" has been fulfilled. I can
               | only think of failures to live up to that expectation:
               | PFAS, microplastics, oil spills, etc.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | You want to separate e.g. iron from the trash before
               | burning. I even think you can separate aluminum.
               | 
               | Plastic is not a raw material really. It is probably
               | better to burn it instead of doing landfills with it
               | waiting for some miracle bacteria.
               | 
               | We could use paper and cardboard for most plastic
               | packaging and many uses of plastic packaging is useless,
               | like those hard plastics around scissors or whatever in
               | the store.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > It is probably better to burn it instead of doing
               | landfills with it waiting for some miracle bacteria.
               | 
               | Still releases fossil-origin CO2, we can't afford that
               | for global warming reasons. In a landfill the CO2 remains
               | trapped.
               | 
               | Agree on your reduction point, that is long overdue but
               | will only happen with significant governmental
               | regulations.
        
               | henrikschroder wrote:
               | > In a landfill the CO2 remains trapped.
               | 
               | Some, yes, but not all.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Plastics take decades centuries to degrade, and most of
               | that degradation is physical - it gets degraded to
               | microplastics. As soon as it's in a landfill where it's
               | not in motion or exposed to sunlight, it's essentially
               | conserved for human lifetime cycles.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | I was going to write that plastics has to be bogger all
               | in weight, but it is 100 kg per person and year in Europe
               | and 200 kg in the US, which is kinda surprising.
               | 
               | There has to be due to industrial or commercial usage
               | right? I mean, I would be surprised if I used more than
               | even 10 kg of plastics per year. That is like 1000s of
               | plastic bags, and I and most people use paper bags
               | anyways.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | That figure may include clothing, of which an utter utter
               | majority is plastics-based nowadays.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | The primary researchers had a note on this:
           | we found that people overlook waste reduction and reuse
           | 
           | Consuming less and eschewing excessive over production is
           | just crazy though, right?
        
             | vore wrote:
             | I'm rebutting the parent post that claims countries other
             | than the US somehow have a better solution to landfilling
             | for non-recyclable waste.
             | 
             | Of course solving the root cause is the right thing to do,
             | no argument from me!
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | I got that, all the same it seemed like as good a thread
               | branch as any to emphasis that the OP research article
               | really stresses an _excess_ of waste as the primary issue
               | before hitting the break down of _how_ to deal with that.
               | 
               | I might suggest that very likely the USofA has a mush
               | higher "waste generated per capita" than many other
               | counries .. and that a number of countries are having to
               | deal with mountains of waste shipped onto their shores by
               | the USofA (and a few other first world offenders).
               | 
               | I have no argument with you, we seem to be on a similar
               | page here :)
        
           | henrikschroder wrote:
           | A million times yes.
           | 
           | If you gather all your garbage, especially plastic garbage,
           | and burn it, recovering heat and energy, you can offset a lot
           | of oil- and gas-powered electricity generation. As an aside,
           | it doesn't matter how many plastic straws and plastic bags
           | you make, as long as you burn them after use.
           | 
           | Landfills also emit greenhouse gases, uncontrolled, over a
           | long period of time, so it's not so much of a trade-off as
           | you think it is.
           | 
           | Since 1990, Sweden has cut greenhouse gas emissions from
           | trash to one fourth of what it was, and that's by moving from
           | landfills to trash incineration:
           | https://www.naturvardsverket.se/data-och-
           | statistik/klimat/va... (Blue is greenhouse gases from
           | landfills, dark blue is emissions from trash incinerators.)
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | Of course incineration is better. Modern incineration plants
           | are very effective at filtering out the nasty stuff. And it's
           | way easier to make sure a small quantity of very concentrated
           | nasty stuff is never released into nature, than dispersed
           | chemicals and heavy metals in a huge quantity of trash in a
           | landfill.
           | 
           | What's more, we can use the energy for electricity and
           | district heating. It's very common in Northern Europe now.
           | Copenhagen has one right in their city (with a ski slope on
           | it)
           | 
           | CO2 emissions should tend towards net zero as we move towards
           | a future where we don't dig up fossil hydrocarbons anymore.
           | In the meantime, the trash power plants is mostly offsetting
           | fossil fuel power plants anyway.
        
           | lrem wrote:
           | A boatload of waste containing an amount of toxins come in.
           | At the price of using up filters, a truckload of ash
           | containing a smaller amount of toxins comes out. And you get
           | quite a bit of energy out of the process too.
           | 
           | Sure, the energy you get out isn't worth as much as the
           | materials and labour you put in. If that's a modern plant,
           | you also recover metals from the waste - a roughly break-even
           | process that allows you to recover material that was
           | previously unrecyclable. The ash coming out at the end is
           | orders of magnitude less voluminous than the input, uniform,
           | powder and dry. The Internet claims this gets used in
           | construction as bulk fill and road underlays, but I haven't
           | seen any official materials about that.
           | 
           | All in all the process is economically viable (especially
           | when you have no cheap land to waste, but probably otherwise
           | too, see the case of Sweden importing Italian trash) and
           | seems strongly preferable ecologically.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | Did you read past that one sentence? It backfired in that the
         | slogan is "reduce, reuse, recycle" and everyone just skips 1
         | and 2 and thinks recycling is magic and calls it a day.
         | 
         | Which of course has more to do with there not being much profit
         | in the first two but it's relatively easy to cash in on making
         | your product "recyclable" or using "recycled materials" and
         | making the consumers think that this means they're basically
         | resource neutral. You can't buy an Amazon Echo product without
         | Amazon telling you how they're so green it would almost be
         | worse for the climate not to buy them (yes, that's an
         | exaggeration but the messaging is pretty aggressive).
         | 
         | Heck, the first two parts of the slogan literally mean "don't
         | buy new things" (reduce = don't buy more, reuse = use what you
         | already have).
        
       | wunderland wrote:
       | We're staring the obvious in the face for decades:
       | overconsumption is unsustainable. But our entire economy is based
       | off this wasteful mode of production, so we're sold lies and
       | happily latch onto fantasies to convince us that we can somehow
       | overcome the negative externalities of profit maximization. As
       | long as there are economic incentives to create trash, we will
       | fill the oceans with garbage. I used to believe that we could
       | solve this with "market solutions" which incorporate the true
       | environmental cost of wasteful production, but this is just
       | another fantasy. Even if the real cost of pollution could be
       | known, there is no profit incentive to enact such a scheme.
       | 
       | We've got about 20 more years of maximizing shareholder value
       | before we run off an ecological cliff.
        
         | taylodl wrote:
         | People are going to learn the hard way that The Market they've
         | been worshipping is a false idol. Don't get me wrong - I
         | advocate for a regulated market economy, but the key point is
         | "regulated." We have 200-300 years of experience now showing
         | the kinds of problems vaunted market is unable to solve.
        
           | drc500free wrote:
           | Agree, a functioning market that builds collective value is
           | what you get once you've regulated away all the easy, value-
           | destroying ways of making a living.
           | 
           | Until you get rid of the ability to just take someone else's
           | stuff by force or fraud, those approaches force out value
           | creation.
        
       | pabs3 wrote:
       | I feel like recycling solves the problem at the wrong end of the
       | material pipeline.
       | 
       | Why do we buy so much single-use packaging, so many things that
       | are unrepairable, too costly to repair, hard to disassemble, or
       | that have externalities that were not solved before the product
       | went to market?
       | 
       | Require anyone who sells a new physical product have to accept
       | returns of that physical product at the end of its lifetime.
       | Don't throw out food packaging, return it to the supermarket.
       | Don't throw out a dead TV, return it to the electronics store.
       | Stores will send those dead products back upstream. Companies
       | will quickly figure out how to make products that are reusable,
       | repairable, disassemblable and recyclable.
        
         | veave wrote:
         | >Why do we buy so much single-use packaging, so many things
         | that are unrepairable, too costly to repair, hard to
         | disassemble, or that have externalities that were not solved
         | before the product went to market?
         | 
         | Because it's easier, cheaper and better?
         | 
         | >Require anyone who sells a new physical product have to accept
         | returns of that physical product at the end of its lifetime.
         | 
         | That will translate into even more expensive products for
         | consumers. Thanks but no thanks.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | > Because it's easier, cheaper and better?
           | 
           | Cheaper to whom? Better to whom?
           | 
           | > That will translate into even more expensive products for
           | consumers.
           | 
           | You know what's even more expensive for consumers in the long
           | run? But of course you don't think in the long run. Or
           | anybody else than yourself. Or anything at all, really. I'm
           | sorry that people like you exist. So blinded by cheap bling.
           | 
           | One generation of wealthy Western people filling their homes
           | with crap because it's "cheap" and "easy", blissfully unaware
           | or unwilling to think about the very real external costs
           | borne by other people somewhere else. Or some _when_ else for
           | that matter - so incredibly selfish that you 're entirely
           | willing to make the world worse for your children and their
           | children, just in order to enjoy limitless consumerism for a
           | few decades. Feeling good about that?
        
             | veave wrote:
             | >Cheaper to whom? Better to whom?
             | 
             | The consumer at least. Probably the producer as well but I
             | don't know as I'm not one.
             | 
             | Regarding your other paragraphs, you seem very bitter. Try
             | therapy.
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | Therapy is a band aid on the deep laceration that is the
               | anthropocene extinction event.
               | 
               | I don't need to feel good about ecological catastrophe. I
               | am happy to cultivate my hatred for those complicit
               | commercial transactions.
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | Harsh but ultimately true. Cheap consumer goods are
             | subsidised with a loan from the environment - one day we'll
             | need to start paying that off, so we better start reducing
             | the deficit.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | It's cheapest for consumers not to pay for trash pickup at
           | all but instead to just dump their refuse in the nearest
           | gully.
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Recycling plastic is a pile of garbage.
        
       | kristiandupont wrote:
       | I am not sure if this is supposed to be an exception, but looking
       | at the authors other articles, it seems like they are satire or
       | comedy of some sort:
       | 
       | https://futurism.com/authors/nooralsibai
        
       | pharmakom wrote:
       | Is this not inevitable?
       | 
       | No corporation is going to push Reduce and Reuse over Recycle.
       | It's incompatible with growth (in a narrow sense).
        
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