[HN Gopher] Toyota has been developing a solid-state battery for...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Toyota has been developing a solid-state battery for EVs with a
       range of 745mi
        
       Author : achow
       Score  : 258 points
       Date   : 2023-07-23 09:42 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.topspeed.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.topspeed.com)
        
       | Simulacra wrote:
       | Like many of the comments around these types of posts, I will be
       | very excited when a definitive product has been produced, perhaps
       | demonstrated if it's not too much to ask. Solid state batteries
       | are possible, but I think it's going to take a company like A
       | Toyota to, basically, burn a boatload of cash to get there and
       | absorb that loss so as not to increase the price of the EV too
       | much.
       | 
       | Perhaps solid state batteries will first appear on luxury lines.
       | If you're already spending $90k for an EV, what's another $50k
       | for the new battery?
        
       | luuurker wrote:
       | Yes, they've been developing it for the past 10 years and it's
       | always 3 years away.
       | 
       | I'll believe it when I see it on a car.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | I used to wonder why such impossible research projects could
         | exist in a private business. To some extent, the existence of
         | such a project can give credence that management is not
         | oblivious to larger trends - and has a plan to leapfrog the
         | competition.
         | 
         | To this end, It doesn't matter whether there is any credible
         | plan to deliver said research project.
        
       | AlpineG wrote:
       | 745 mile range, charges in 10 mins. Already see there must be
       | some BS. How many kw is this magical charger.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | When you aren't charging your car you can use it to smelt
         | aluminum.
        
         | felipemnoa wrote:
         | These are best case scenarios. It just tells you the upper
         | limit of the technology. The higher the limit the better. In
         | practice though it means that the infrastructure has a lot of
         | catching up.
         | 
         | I think this just speaks to how much of an advancement this is,
         | if true.
         | 
         | Like, this new battery technology is so advanced that there is
         | no infrastructure for it yet.
        
       | Siecje wrote:
       | Is it better to keep an EV at 80% or to leave it between 50% and
       | 80% for weeks?
       | 
       | Instead of 80% I'd say optimal voltage but I don't know what that
       | is, and the car doesn't show me the battery voltage.
       | 
       | Why isn't there a setting to charge to optimize battery
       | longevity? Even if that means the battery is at 70% or 75% or
       | whatever.
       | 
       | Often I get home with 60%. Should I wait until I get home with <
       | 50% before charging? Or just keep it at 80%?
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | They replaced hydrogen with solid state battery as a thing that's
       | perpetually coming soon but not quite there yet.
       | 
       | There are two metrics that matter for Toyota:
       | 
       | - How much gwh per year of battery production can they get online
       | and how soon? They need to shift production of millions of
       | ICE/hybrid vehicles to fully electric. So, we're talking many
       | hundreds of gwh here.
       | 
       | - How expensive are those batteries going to be in $/kwh? Toyota
       | is mostly known for its affordable cars. They have a few luxury
       | models of course but mostly, they sell cars to people that can't
       | afford those. The battery is by far the most expensive thing in
       | an EV. I'd expect them to look at cheap sodium ion batteries
       | rather than some fancy solid state batteries.
       | 
       | Toyota is late to market and they don't have much more than a few
       | concept cars and a few models that they pay BYD to produce for
       | them. They are certainly starting to invest in production
       | capacity. But it seems they are still a few years away from
       | having much to show for their investments. Also, are they going
       | to keep up with BYD, Nio, VinFast, and all those other asian
       | manufacturers that are not holding back and are already producing
       | EVs by the millions? Tesla is a category of its own at this point
       | with a clear lead in terms of profitability and production cost.
       | And you have the likes of Stellantis, Ford, and GM also trying to
       | get e piece of the action. Toyota is a no show so far and the
       | last 3 are showing the transition to electric is hard and
       | involves a lot of learning and reinventing.
       | 
       | Toyota needs more than a magic battery to catch up.
        
         | worrycue wrote:
         | > Toyota is mostly known for its affordable cars.
         | 
         | The thing is current battery tech is still too expensive. Can
         | you imagine what will happen to the price if the production
         | levels of EVs went up?
         | 
         | It's simply impossible to mass produce EVs cheaply at the
         | moment.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | > Can you imagine what will happen to the price if the
           | production levels of EVs went up?
           | 
           | Batteries would be pushed further down the experience curve
           | and they'd get cheaper?
           | 
           | I mean, this is a Silicon Valley related site, so I assume
           | you all understand experience curves.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | Prices are already coming down. China actually has lots of
           | cheap EVs on the road already. Think <10000$ cars. Are these
           | cars amazing. No. But they are amazingly good value for the
           | money.
           | 
           | What's going to happen in the next 3 years is that several of
           | those Chinese manufacturers are bringing production capacity
           | online in Europe and North America. And they will start
           | selling these vehicles at a premium and make a lot of profit
           | because they don't have much local competition in terms of
           | cost. Tesla is rumored to be working on a cheaper EV but they
           | will likely build it for the international market and
           | manufacture it in their Mexican plant.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, the cost price of batteries keeps on dropping.
           | CATL and other manufacturers are announcing new batteries all
           | the time. For example CATL has had some success with bringing
           | sodium ion batteries to market as well as LFP batteries.
           | Component prices for EVs are dropping as well. It's not
           | impossible to scale EV production. That's actually what's
           | happening. Production volumes are growing year on year and
           | cost per vehicle is trending down.
        
           | SyzygistSix wrote:
           | Considering the Model Y may very well outsell the Corolla
           | this year, that doesn't look like it is the case any more.
           | While they generally are more expensive up front, the total
           | cost of ownership can end up less when you calculate fuel and
           | maintenance.
        
             | riku_iki wrote:
             | my understanding is tesla secured sourcing of batteries, it
             | doesn't mean they are cheap and obtainable on market in
             | general.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | All car makers sign longer term deals with suppliers.
               | Those deals are often index towards the market.
        
         | SyzygistSix wrote:
         | There is a huge market for PHEVs if Toyota had the competency
         | to take it. Theor Prime vehicles are in high demand, just not
         | made in large numbers for whatever reason. Tacoma and 4Runner-
         | like trucks with a PHEV drive train would sell like crazy.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | PHEV are just bad business. They don't make money. They are
           | very expensive to produce and expensive to maintain. There is
           | a reason car markets don't want to make that their primary
           | thing.
        
       | cottsak wrote:
       | Toyota routinely seem to be developing all kinds of new things...
       | all of which are not production vehicles that anyone wants to buy
       | in any serious quantity.
       | 
       | It's a distraction tactic.
       | 
       | I don't know what they're buying time for but it had better be
       | good else this won't end well for Toyota.
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | I don't know about other press releases but to say that "no one
         | would want to buy" a 1200km range car (or just the battery tech
         | of one) is ridiculous to the extreme. It's what everyone has
         | literally been waiting for.
        
         | hotstickyballs wrote:
         | They're doing the Kodak maneuver. Meaning they'll be spending
         | cash on innovation because a minority of shareholders want to
         | see them investing in the future but almost everyone isn't
         | willing to see actual losses. So then they'll just keep
         | spending on innovation but barely change their corporate
         | strategy and then eventually fizzle out.
        
       | sam_goody wrote:
       | No one mentions this, but IIRC solid state batteries are less
       | likely to catch fire without a obvious reason.
       | 
       | While such fires are extremely rare, they have happened, and
       | scare at least some of the potential market.
       | 
       | Considering that there are definitely those that do not buy a EV
       | for fear of fire, that could be a selling point.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | There are lots and lots of issues around fire. Its not correct
         | that solid state automatically means fire is less. There are
         | lots of technologies that play into that.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | Regardless, they catch fire much less than ICEVs.
        
       | briandw wrote:
       | Same from Toyota in 2017
       | https://arstechnica.com/cars/2017/07/toyota-wants-to-commerc...
       | 
       | Also from 2014
       | https://www.autonews.com/article/20140127/OEM06/301279980/to...
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I know everyone on HN will tell me that my opinion on my personal
       | want is wrong, all I want is a hydrogen + fuel cell/battery car,
       | or recharge times in the 5-10m range for BEV.
        
       | QuantumGood wrote:
       | Announcements of things happening more than 3 years from now
       | don't have much actionable validity.
        
       | Herzogralf wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | wunderland wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | simbolit wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | roody15 wrote:
       | This is a smart move. Current EV's have not quite solved enough
       | of the issues to make them viable for most non urban areas.
       | Hybrids remain the most in demand and the best of both worlds
       | with current tech.
       | 
       | If we can get a battery with a massive range then charging issues
       | subside a bit and these vehicles become much more viable for most
       | if not all of the US.
        
       | TheRealSteel wrote:
       | Toyota somehow develop this magical battery for an EV but forgot
       | to develop an EV.
       | 
       | I truly think Toyota's ignorance of EVs will end up turning them
       | into the next Kodak or Blackberry.
       | 
       | They don't NEED a breakthru battery like this, the current ones
       | work well -- I drove 1200km today in a Tesla. What they need to
       | do is develop and sell electiric cars.
       | 
       | It's such a shame. Toyota had the first hybrid. And it was good
       | -- I drove a Prius for ten years. They even made a plugin hybrid.
       | They were the leaders. Now they seem to be last in the electric
       | car race. Tragic.
        
         | tasubotadas wrote:
         | The last time I've done calculations it was something like x2
         | of energy production increase is required to satisfy 100%
         | migration to EVs.
         | 
         | Not that big of increase.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | Seems a massive one for me, I had blackouts in recent years
           | both at my house in Italy and Poland. Electricity in Poland
           | is still highly coal dependent in my region in Italy it's
           | 90%+ gas.
        
           | Tagbert wrote:
           | And spread out over several decades
        
         | merpnderp wrote:
         | Building an electric car is far simpler than an ICE. The
         | batteries are by far the most important part.
        
           | darkclouds wrote:
           | But they are a lot harder to drive, mainly because you have
           | not got any engine noise feedback.
           | 
           | Just like if I were to buy a Porsche with a flappy paddle
           | gearbox, I'd ask their Sonderwunsch dept, to put a clutch
           | peddle in, for those times I need to dip the clutch in order
           | to gain control of the vehicle when driving on the limit
           | because of the reasons why the 930 got its nickname the Widow
           | Maker.
           | 
           | At best all I could do at the moment with a flappy paddle
           | gearbox is try to boot the gearbox into a high gear like 6 or
           | 7 and hope it can change gear fast enough whilst hoping the
           | engine is not too powerful to act like the handbrake has been
           | pulled up unceremoniously when taking my foot off the
           | accelerator.
           | 
           | Now where in the controls do I alter the regen amount on an
           | electric car, in order to stop it from contributing to an
           | accident when driving on the limit? I bet its not a single
           | action control, but something buried deep inside a menu
           | somewhere. Of course the added weight of the batteries and
           | thus increased weight of the vehicle, makes the experience
           | much more like driving an electric train on the open road,
           | stable and safe most of the time, but one hell of an accident
           | when one does occur!
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | If you're driving a Porsche "on the limit" I hope you're on
             | a racetrack and not the public roads.
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | You have heard of snow, ice, rain, mud and sand, you do
               | find them on the open road you know.
               | 
               | Glad to see your default impression of Porsche is speed
               | though, that reinforces my desire to purchase one. :-)
               | 
               | Thing is the 911 Dakar which is ideal for the above
               | mentioned conditions doesnt come with a towing eye, so
               | I'd have to have the surfboards on the roof rack or
               | poking out through the sunroof, and I've got no where to
               | tow some jet skis if I wanted to hit the beach but you
               | can do anything you like between the high and low water
               | mark on a UK beach and I know some fantastic beaches
               | perfect for this car.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqc-HPeaQv8
        
             | thomastjeffery wrote:
             | You're talking about a gearbox. Those aren't generally used
             | in EVs, because an electric motor will happily put out
             | _tens_ of thousands of RPMs with plenty of torque at low
             | speeds.
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | They arent in EV's the motors are wound to deliver a
               | certain characteristic of a motor, but EV's nearly all
               | have fantastic RPM abilities with max torque available
               | through the entire rev range.
               | 
               | Toyota I think have announced they are simulating a
               | gearbox in one of their new EV's which in my opinion is
               | an admission that EV's are much harder to control because
               | the need to feather the accelerator becomes a necessity
               | unless the rate of acceleration is dialed back by the
               | manufacturer. And then extra acceleration performance
               | sold as an in car purchase like we are now seeing in some
               | cars with heated seats can be sold unless the owner
               | doesnt know someone who can hack the vehicle management
               | system.
               | 
               | But just like many people complained about the brakes of
               | the mk1 and mk2 VW golfs and polos, and porsche's in the
               | 964's and earlier ie pre-ABS brakes, what those people
               | complaining about is exactly how you want your brakes to
               | work like if you dont have or need ABS. I could apply the
               | brakes in such a way, I could have the front passenger
               | side wheel locked up, but the remaining brakes not locked
               | and then feathering the brakes so as to not flat spot the
               | tyre.
               | 
               | Its virtually impossible to do that in todays ABS braking
               | system world and I would always switch the traction
               | control and other systems off because I could react
               | faster than the systems could. Although I have to admit
               | the Mercedes AMG S63 has for over a decade now, have a
               | better braking system which enables the rear end to slide
               | out a bit more around roundabouts in certain conditions,
               | like what is today known as drift mode.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > which in my opinion is an admission that EV's are much
               | harder to control because the need to feather the
               | accelerator becomes a necessity unless the rate of
               | acceleration is dialed back by the manufacturer
               | 
               | Are you speaking from personal experience here? The
               | accelerator takes some getting used to, but most people
               | adapt in like 30 or so seconds. What Toyota wants is
               | something on an EV that simulates a manual
               | transmission...for people who like sports cars, they like
               | shifting. Sort of like EVs that put a subwoofer under
               | your butt to simulate voom voom engine sounds. These are
               | niche products.
        
               | darkclouds wrote:
               | No not driven an EV yet, I havent seen any that I like,
               | and I hate driving big heavy cars, because they tend to
               | slide off sidewise on bends, so anything over 1500kgs is
               | pushing it for me, which discounts virtually all EV's.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Maybe drive a little slower on public roads?
        
           | MrVitaliy wrote:
           | No, not really -- https://www.drive.com.au/news/volkswagen-
           | group-cariad-execut...
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | Electric cars are significantly easier than ICEs to develop
             | electrically and mechanically. Car companies are
             | notoriously bad at writing software. These are orthogonal
             | statements.
        
             | chris11 wrote:
             | You can custom order electric versions of random gas
             | vehicles. Toyota can make an EV.
             | https://www.zelectricmotors.com/tesla-porsche
             | https://www.electricclassiccars.co.uk/
        
         | getarofilter wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | YesBox wrote:
         | Toyota's decision is based on their calculation that there wont
         | be enough electricity produced to meet the demands of electric
         | cars on a large scale, IIRC.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Given that it takes about the same amount of electricity to
           | refine a gallon of gasoline as it does to power an EV over
           | the same distance an ICEV would travel on that gallon, I
           | think electrifying transportation isn't going to be a big
           | deal. The grid will evolve for changing patterns of
           | consumption, just as it always has. Even if we made 100% of
           | all new car sales today EV the grid could keep up.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | But the gallon of gas isn't refined in my neighborhood,
             | every night. It's made in a centralized location, in
             | advance, and if for some reason that location loses power,
             | another location will make it and distribute to my local
             | gas stations.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Agreed, the grid will need to adapt to the changing
               | consumption pattern, but the capacity is a solved
               | problem. And we're building much more anyway.
               | 
               | Personally, I've never found gas stations to be the
               | beacon of reliability. They go down quickly in any kind
               | of shortage situation. During the last ice storm here the
               | local station ran out of gasoline in a couple days and
               | diesel right after that. But I was able to buy propane
               | without interruption, so that was good -- it doesn't rely
               | on electricity to be dispensed. This is why my portable
               | generators are now all dual fuel.
        
               | Tagbert wrote:
               | " and distribute to my local gas stations."
               | 
               | If you are having a widespread, long term power outage,
               | those gas pumps will not run due to not having
               | electricity.
               | 
               | Do you live in an area that has frequent power outages,
               | then maybe this would be a concern, but in most areas an
               | outage is pretty rare and are short term. If your area
               | has unreliable power, perhaps they should be putting more
               | power transmission lines underground?
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | Yes, PG&E cuts power proactively via their PSPS program.
               | It doesn't affect most gas stations though, as they are
               | more centrally located and not in neighborhoods. I
               | believe they have looked into burying transmission lines,
               | but found it to be economically infeasible.
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | If your power grid is unreliable, then maybe work on
               | fixing that rather than just giving up on climate goals.
               | 
               | Defeatism never accomplishes anything.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | I'm not defeatist, just pointing out that it's an
               | oversimplification to say "it takes as much electricity
               | to refine a gallon of fuel" given that the refining
               | process happens in industrial areas where electricity may
               | well be more reliable and less expensive.
        
           | Server6 wrote:
           | I've always argued this is a Field of Dreams problem. In that
           | if you build it they will come. The electric will expand to
           | meet demand.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Numbers that I saw recently: The largest US solar
             | electrical generation plant right now is about 400MW. To
             | electrify fast enough to get to about-as-close-to-net-zero-
             | as-we-can-imagine by 2050, the US would need to build one
             | of these plants and bring it online ...
             | 
             | ... every two weeks.
        
               | blake1 wrote:
               | The US installed 11.8GW solar last year. That is
               | 453MW/every 2 weeks. :-)
               | 
               | Yes, that's nameplate capacity, so you can't count on
               | solar to delivery the power to get us over the line by
               | itself. But we are nearly on track to the net zero goal
               | when you add in ...
               | 
               | ... wind.
        
           | bink wrote:
           | Or they gambled that there would be enough hydrogen
           | generation and distribution, which seems like an even worse
           | bet. It's not that they decided to stick with ICE, it's that
           | they chose an even worse fuel source.
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | A lot of this is because of the Japanese government itself.
             | 
             | To Japan, Battery Tech would force them to be reliant on
             | China or the US due to lack of natural lithium deposits,
             | which makes the whole energy reliance aspect of battery
             | tech moot.
             | 
             | To combat this, the Japanese government felt Hydrogen would
             | be the best bet due to
             | 
             | 1. An early lead in hydrogen technology, so first mover
             | advantage in technology exports and hydrogen infrastructure
             | deals (already happening in India and Australia for
             | example)
             | 
             | 2. A large LNG capacity that could be revamped for Hydrogen
             | fuels
             | 
             | 3. Good relations with cheap coal producers like Australia
             | and India to produce brown hydrogen (ie. Hydrogen fuel from
             | carbon resources)
             | 
             | 4. The economics and logistics of hydrogen fuel cells can
             | mimic that for Natural Gas, meaning a quicker ramp up.
             | 
             | These are a good overview -
             | 
             | 1. Japan's Hydrogen Industrial Strategy -
             | https://www.csis.org/analysis/japans-hydrogen-industrial-
             | str...
             | 
             | 2. Japan Hydrogen Basic Strategy -
             | https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/japan-hydrogen-
             | basic...
             | 
             | 3. Basic Strategy for Hydrogen (the actual strategy paper.
             | It's in Japanese) - https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/enecho
             | /shoene_shinene/suiso...
        
               | narrator wrote:
               | Seems green hydrogen is the ultimate strategy. What do
               | you think of recent developments of high efficiency
               | electrolysis of sea water without precious metal
               | catalysts? [1]
               | 
               | Hydrogen will be needed for industrial processes as
               | electric power can't generate temperatures high enough
               | and hydrogen in the form of ammonia makes a pretty good
               | energy storage system that does not need any special
               | metals to use for power in a modified ICE. The sweet spot
               | for ammonia engines seems to be long haul container
               | shipping where batteries would be infeasible.[2]
               | 
               | [1]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-023-01195-x
               | 
               | [2]https://gcaptain.com/man-reaches-milestone-with-
               | successful-t...
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | First, I want to stress that I'm a Policy Wonk turned
               | Cybersecurity practitioner. Though I have a STEM
               | education, I haven't touched chemistry or physics in
               | almost a decade.
               | 
               | That said, this paper does look promising and it kind of
               | reminds me of the heavy water electrolysis process used
               | in Nuclear Energy.
               | 
               | Using saltwater instead of fresh+distilled water would be
               | great, though I'm curious about the cost of
               | productionizing this, as the kind of cost and energy
               | outlay needed for this at scale might not be efficient.
               | 
               | That said, I am not a ChemE or Physicist so I could be
               | wrong
               | 
               | > Seems green hydrogen is the ultimate strategy.
               | 
               | Yep, but that will take time to build, hence the idea to
               | use brown hydrogen in the meantime.
        
               | jbm wrote:
               | It's interesting that I just watched a video[0][1] on
               | Nickel-Hydrogen batteries for grid storage; there are
               | nickel deposits in Japan, so if they really are viable,
               | Japan would not be dependent on anyone for grid storage.
               | 
               | Incidentally, I can't see how being dependent on the US
               | is such an issue for Japan. They are completely and
               | utterly dependent on the US for their national security,
               | without any remaining meaningful popular movement to
               | divorce themselves thereof. The Japanese Socialist party
               | had some language about getting rid of the Anpo treaty,
               | but hilariously, they backed out immediately when they
               | came into power; the Japaense journalist / commentator
               | Akira Ikegami wrote a (Japanese language) book [2] about
               | this era that I thought was pretty enlightening.
               | 
               | [0] Fair notice: the person who runs the channel is an MA
               | and former UI/UX engineer, so YMMV with how far you trust
               | the content.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zG-ZrC4BO0
               | 
               | [2] https://www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/%E6%B1%A0%E4%B8%8A-%E5%
               | BD%B0-e...
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | > I can't see how being dependent on the US is such an
               | issue for Japan
               | 
               | It's an issue the same way the US being dependent on
               | Taiwanese Foundries even though they're an ally of our's.
               | 
               | Should some sort of a global commodities crunch occur
               | (eg. hypothetically, China banning all exports of Rare
               | Earth Metals), then prices are going to skyrocket in the
               | global market because it will take 5-7 years for
               | production to scale up in Australia, Bolivia, and the US.
               | 
               | For critical technologies, it's important to have some
               | level of self reliance. This is why the US is now a net
               | energy exporter, after getting burnt by the spike in
               | commodity prices in 2005-2009 leading to a massive
               | bipartisan push for fracking, natural gas, solar,
               | Athabaskan oil sands projects w/ Harper's backing, etc.
               | 
               | Other large countries with limited rare metal supplies
               | like Germany and India have modeled a hydrogen policy
               | similar to Japan for this reason.
               | 
               | Also, Japan's economic recovery after 2008 was heavily at
               | risk due to the spike in Oil prices, as well as a similar
               | near recession that arose in the aftermath of the OPEC
               | Embargo. Memories of both still resonate in Japanese
               | policy circles.
               | 
               | > Nickel-Hydrogen batteries for grid storage; there are
               | nickel deposits in Japan, so if they really are viable,
               | Japan would not be dependent on anyone for grid storage
               | 
               | I'm not a MatSE or Physicist so I can't speak to the
               | viability of that. That said, I can assume that rolling
               | out any sort of mining and refining infrastructure would
               | take time to scale out.
               | 
               | For example, it took China 15-20 years and an extreme
               | amount of Govt protectionism to become a leader in the
               | rare metals space. It's not that China has more deposits
               | than other countries - it's just that it wasn't cost
               | effective for most other countries to match the prices
               | China was providing.
        
               | guerby wrote:
               | Japan depends on continuously imported oil and gas.
               | 
               | The BIG difference for lithium batteries is that you need
               | to import lithium only ONCE then you reuse/recycle.
               | 
               | And yes there's big big money at play, so lots and lots
               | of FUD around lithium and geopolitics, the obvious
               | difference with oil is nearly never mentionned thanks to
               | oil money.
               | 
               | Also : https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Japan-to-
               | subsidize-half-of-c...
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Good point.
               | 
               | I brought up the oil aspect in my comments below, but
               | because this was a battery tech related convo I decided
               | to bring up the (relatively minor) lithium portion.
               | Though the battery tech issue did play a role in Toyota's
               | decision to develop the Prius and the Mirai
               | 
               | Japan's hydrogen strategy is definetly a reaction to oil
               | shocks a la 2008 and 1973
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Wrong. It is the smartest choice we can think of. It is
               | battery cars that is just an irrational reaction to oil
               | shocks of the 2000s. Hydrogen is actually a fully
               | sustainable idea and will eventually be adopted across
               | the board. Batteries are just going to be a temporary
               | stopgap.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | I was responding to his point about Oil dependency.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | His point is backwards. You want to switch to hydrogen if
               | you want to avoid future crises. Batteries just create
               | the same situation.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | That's complete nonsense. Almost no lithium is recovered
               | in recycling, and we will need a truly massive increase
               | in virgin materials to even get the process started. It
               | will be just as big of a problem as oil for a very long
               | time to come.
        
             | _hypx wrote:
             | It's incredibly short-sighted to think like this. There
             | will be a huge supply of hydrogen at some point in the
             | future. This is due to it being the only truly sustainable
             | energy storage technology. Nearly all others will have to
             | be abandoned.
        
           | outside1234 wrote:
           | Yes, because the grid is static and never can be expanded.
        
             | ryantgtg wrote:
             | And peak demand is 24 hours a day :p
        
             | treeman79 wrote:
             | It is more likely to be contracted.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | We're adding capacity to the grid literally every day,
               | both at the transmission and distribution level. It's not
               | going to 'contract'
        
               | Someone1234 wrote:
               | There's reason to think otherwise: Natural Gas is being
               | replaced and is due to see price increases. It will
               | likely be replaced by electricity (namely Heat-Pump HVAC
               | systems, and induction cook tops).
               | 
               | In some states some developments aren't even hooked to
               | the gas network, and the homes standards are such that
               | electrification is the default.
               | 
               | You have to measure electricity demand over years, not
               | months, because seasonal changes and or weather can
               | really corrupt your data.
        
               | nlewycky wrote:
               | The grid is going to explode. Let's start with
               | California. Because they're a large economy, a large
               | population centre and a famously leading on environmental
               | issues, they tend to run into scaling and environmental
               | problems first.
               | 
               | Do you remember news about the California grid straining
               | under the heat wave in 2022? The governor sent text
               | messages to every Californian asking them to minimise
               | their power usage? Power consumption across the state*
               | reached 52GW.
               | 
               | Every April, by the rules of the Federal Energy
               | Regulatory Commission, each state receives submissions of
               | new projects that people want to build and connect to the
               | grid. Each of these is called a "Cluster". In April 2021,
               | cluster 14 included a proposed 110GW of new power
               | generation. This was so many submissions that the state
               | couldn't even finish their legally mandated analysis of
               | all of the proposed projects in time for the new
               | submissions for April 2022, so they pushed Cluster 15
               | back to 2023 (approved by FERC). It's past April 2023 and
               | Cluster 15 projects proposed 354GW worth of power. If we
               | take that CA can produce 50GW now, and add clusters 14
               | and 15, that's a little over 10x our current maximum
               | power generation. You could argue that maybe some of
               | these projects won't get built, that always happens in
               | every cluster, but the number of withdrawn applications
               | is a smaller percentage than usual.
               | 
               | Estimates are that EVs will require us to double our
               | current power generation.
               | 
               | The glut in new power construction is not a California-
               | specific phenomenon. https://www.ferc.gov/news-
               | events/news/ferc-proposes-intercon...
               | 
               | * technically across the California Independent State
               | Operator, https://caiso.com , which is about 80% of
               | California and also includes a tiny bit of Nevada for
               | geographical reasons.
        
           | willio58 wrote:
           | Keep in mind these "calculations" are based on biased data to
           | help support the overall goals set forth by the leaders of
           | the company.
        
             | throwaway106382 wrote:
             | and what "goal" would that be? to _not_ sell cars and make
             | money once the biggest markets all mandate them in under a
             | decade?
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | To continue to sell cars which are unreliable and have
               | huge supply chains.
               | 
               | Electric cars require much less assembly time, have a
               | much smaller supply chain, and require much less
               | maintenance.
               | 
               | Japan is literally propped up by its auto industry - they
               | make it prohibitively expensive to own a vehicle more
               | than a few years in order to artificially create a market
               | for newer cars. The other result in a huge used vehicle
               | export to most of the world except for the US.
               | 
               | I don't think the average non-Japanese understands that
               | owning an old car in Japan is a significant status
               | symbol.
               | 
               | Also, did you notice that damn near every model year of
               | Japanese car has different headlights, taillights, and
               | bumpers? And small narrow bits of the lights now extend
               | well into the quarter panels with unique shapes? You
               | think it's coincidence that parts most likely to be
               | damaged even in a minor collision are year-specific and
               | thus more expensive and harder for non-OEMs to keep up
               | with manufacturing compatible parts?
               | 
               | The lights extending into bumpers and quarter panels
               | aren't just a styling thing, they're physically keying
               | the parts. They even do unique rest-of-world vs US
               | styling to make it even more difficult for third party
               | parts.
               | 
               | It also lets them keep cranking out models people think
               | are new and exciting...when in reality the underpinnings
               | rarely change. The Corolla is a perfect example, using
               | largely the same underpinnings for nearly two decades.
        
               | lucianbr wrote:
               | Large companies have difficulty making changes. The
               | reason is exactly that: the goal is to make money, and
               | doing what has made heaps of money for heaps of time
               | already always seems like the best option.
               | 
               | > The Innovator's Dilemma is the title of an excellent
               | book by Clayton Christensen. The dilemma itself is the
               | fact that though large innovators have some motivation to
               | innovate, they also have a strong disincentive from doing
               | so as new products will undermine their existing ones.
               | 
               | I don't think the biggest markets will mandate EVs in
               | under a decade. More importantly, it's possible the
               | bigwigs at Toyota don't think so either, and they will
               | act on what they think, even if it happens to be wrong.
        
             | thuuuomas wrote:
             | Which calculations? What data? What biases? What goals?
        
           | ip26 wrote:
           | This makes no sense to me. Take Los Angeles. Almost everyone
           | has AC. If you can power AC, you can charge an EV, and the
           | loads peak at different times. (AC peaks around 3pm, EV can
           | peak anywhere from 7PM to 5AM depending on programming)
           | 
           | Blackouts can happen, but EV normally charge when power is
           | cheapest and demand is lowest.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Opel, Peugeot Sticking To Bicycles - Motorcars Will Never
           | Have Enough Petrol Stations.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | I thought it was that it's a more efficient use of lithium to
           | make one hundred hybrids instead of ten EVs?
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | Then where are all their Prime vehicles that have had a
             | huge waitlist for years?
             | 
             | Toyota is just not delivering on the EV front at all. They
             | could be cleaning up by stealing some of the Model Y
             | customers back by selling a ton of RAV4s, especially the
             | Prime versions.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | I always think it's weird to believe in either of those
             | things (that we can't make enough electricity, which can be
             | made in like a dozen different ways whether coal, oil, gas,
             | biomass, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind, solar, etc, and
             | that there won't be enough lithium, even tho lithium isnt
             | burned up, is extremely plentiful from conventional sources
             | plus can be practically extracted from the ocean not to
             | mention recycled indefinitely) and then be like "therefore,
             | since we'll have unlimited fossil fuels, let's make more
             | fossil fuel cars."
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | I _kind of_ get it.
               | 
               | A) improving the eMPG (or is it MPGe?) of more cars on
               | the road to reduce their fossil fuel consumption is
               | better than giving a few cars zero-emission powertrains,
               | courtesy of the 80-20 rule. (Hence the riddle about you
               | having two cars you use equally and someone offering to
               | magically take one from 40mpg to 1000mpg or the other
               | from 10mpg to 40mpg - you are better off financially with
               | taking the latter option.)
               | 
               | B) The infrastructure for fossil fuel mining is here but
               | scaling up lithium mining is going to add new horrors to
               | the environment and the developing world.
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | If you look at the amount of oil and gas that is
               | extracted vs the amount of lithium that would we need to
               | mine; it is like comparing the size of the Sun to Pluto.
               | Mining lithium has downsides but there is just no way it
               | could be as bad as oil and gas due to the orders of
               | magnitude difference in quantities needed.
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | Are you talking about pure lithium quantities? Those are
               | small indeed, but... the concentration of lithium in the
               | ore mined is low (some mines work with 0.2% ore), so you
               | need to move 500kg of rocks to mine 1kg of lithium.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | The British National Grid disagrees:
           | https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/journey-to-net-
           | zero/ele...
           | 
           | "Does the electricity grid have enough capacity for charging
           | EVs?
           | 
           | The most demand for electricity in recent years in the UK was
           | for 62GW in 2002. Since then, the nation's peak demand has
           | fallen by roughly 16% due to improvements in energy
           | efficiency.
           | 
           | Even if we all switched to EVs overnight, we believe demand
           | would only increase by around 10%. So we'd still be using
           | less power as a nation than we did in 2002 and this is well
           | within the range of manageable load fluctuation.
           | 
           | The US grid is equally capable of handling more EVs on the
           | roads - by the time 80% of the US owns an EV, this will only
           | translate into a 10-15% increase in electricity consumption.1
           | 
           | A significant amount of electricity is used to refine oil for
           | petrol and diesel. Fully Charged's video Volts for Oil
           | estimates that refining 1 gallon of petrol would use around
           | 4.5kWh of electricity - so, as we start to use less petrol or
           | diesel cars, some of that electricity capacity could become
           | available."
        
             | CodeWriter23 wrote:
             | Also, this weekend in the UK
             | https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/latest-fleet-
             | news/electric-...
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Parts of the US grid are barely able to handle the load
             | today. Rolling blackouts have been used in some areas.
             | There may be enough total capacity to handle more use, but
             | peak demand levels are already straining the system.
        
               | redserk wrote:
               | I'm skeptical of a narrative where concern for the
               | electrical grid's ability to handle load is only
               | considered for EV growth over several years versus the
               | air conditioning use in the current unprecedented
               | heatwave.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, my A/C energy usage (compared to last year)
               | far outweighs my energy usage in an EV.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Not to mention radical increases from demanding everyone
               | switch to heat pumps plus demanding industry switch to
               | electrified versions of everything too. It's seriously a
               | complete fantasy to think the grid can happen all that
               | with minimal upgrades.
        
               | redserk wrote:
               | Dominion Energy in Virginia has an even worse problem
               | than EVs to worry about: datacenters
               | 
               | https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2022/RD216/PDF
               | 
               | If you scroll to page 66 of the PDF, it's insane how much
               | more demand is needed for datacenters. It completely
               | dwarfs forecasted EV power usage.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | The US is a huge exception, your power grid is from the
               | age when cowboys roamed the lands. Literally.
               | 
               | There was a huge fire that was caused by a power line
               | slowly mechanically wearing down its connector. OVER A
               | HUNDRED YEARS. Nobody bothered to check or replace it.
               | 
               | Also you have exceptions for oil and gas pipelines. 1-2
               | permits on a high level and the land owners can pound
               | sand if they complain.
               | 
               | For power lines you need levels on a dozen different
               | levels and even after that everyone who can even see the
               | power poles has the irrefutable right to veto said wire
               | or at the very least sue and slow it down to a crawl...
        
               | somsak2 wrote:
               | power outages that aren't weather related are not
               | increasing. https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-
               | matters/surging-weath...
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Where did they say they were?
        
               | Tagbert wrote:
               | You may be referring to California who had issues last
               | year during an historically high heat wave. This year,
               | they are not having the same trouble. Part of the reason
               | is that they increased production capacity since last
               | year.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | The main reason is that this summer has been much, much
               | cooler in CA. In SV, for example, we've had a handful of
               | days over 90 this year, whereas last year there were
               | probably 20 days over 90 at this point in the summer. Our
               | AC has only kicked on a few times all year, whereas last
               | year it was on much more frequently.
               | 
               | There may have been increases in production, but it would
               | have been shocking if we'd had rolling blackouts this
               | year, given how mild the summer has been. Other parts of
               | CA are warmer than SV, but AFAIK (having family in
               | Sacramento and LA) this summer has been cooler than last
               | summer all over CA.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | California is very close to seeing blackouts right now.
               | If there's another heat wave on the scale of last year,
               | there will be blackouts again.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | But that's highly localized. And one of the most reported
               | areas where this happens is Texas, who decided to roll
               | their own grid, and is now paying the price for that
               | stupidity.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | This question depends on the specifics of local energy
             | generation, so you're not going to get good answers without
             | zooming in.
             | 
             | Japan's electrical grid has some unique challenges that
             | explain why they are so interested in hydrogen. An article
             | about the UK isn't all that relevant for that,
             | 
             | Talking about the US electrical grid as a single entity
             | doesn't make a whole lot of sense when it's not a single,
             | nationwide market. There can definitely be local problems
             | as we saw in Texas and California.
        
             | partiallypro wrote:
             | Since when does Toyota only sell in England?
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | And so they decided to go for hydrogen? If there isn't enough
           | electricity, that means hydrogen derived from fossil fuels.
           | So their hydrogen take was even more evil that it first
           | appeared.
        
         | willio58 wrote:
         | Agreed. If they started releasing EVs en mass tomorrow they
         | could stay relevant. If they wait another 3 years they'll decay
         | away
        
         | entropicgravity wrote:
         | Toyota and its fellow Japanese car makers were betting the bank
         | on hydrogen based green cars. This was wishful thinking but
         | they had a reason. A regular ICE car produces several post
         | sales revenue streams. For example, regular oil changes, brake
         | replacements, engine issues and etc. EV's produce almost none
         | of these ongoing revenue streams and therefor the ongoing value
         | for Toyota would drop significantly.
         | 
         | With hydrogen based car though it's an almost exact copy of the
         | ICE car. It's got a big, hot finicky fuel cell under the hood
         | that requires ongoing highly qualified maintenance. It would
         | require complex 'hydrogen stations' to refuel. If there's no
         | battery then brakes will continue to wear out on schedule. In
         | short, everything a ICE car offers except the CO2.
         | 
         | It's not surprising that this is the future that Toyota had its
         | eyes on for way too long. Group think. Now they're playing
         | catch up and they're far behind.
        
           | _hypx wrote:
           | > With hydrogen based car though it's an almost exact copy of
           | the ICE car. It's got a big, hot finicky fuel cell under the
           | hood that requires ongoing highly qualified maintenance.
           | 
           | That's utter bullshit. A fuel cell is literally an
           | electrochemical system no different than a battery.
        
             | FullyFunctional wrote:
             | A fuel cell is not a closed system, a battery is. A fuel
             | cell need a supply of hydrogen (obvious) and oxygen from
             | the air and in return it produces heat, water, and some
             | electricity (with pretty terrible efficiency). A battery
             | produces electricity and heat (depending on load).
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | That's widely inaccurate. The fundamental advantage of an
               | electrochemical system is that you are no longer limited
               | by Carnot's theorem in the same way as heat engines. As a
               | result, the efficiency of both systems can be the same.
               | Not to mention you don't have to deal with all that heat
               | either, making operation much simpler.
               | 
               | In the end, a fuel cell is basically a metal-air battery,
               | and has the same level of efficiency.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | I don't believe this maintenance argument, maintenance on EVs
           | is insanely more expensive when it comes to battery
           | replacements. Replacing an entire engine on the average sedan
           | is an insanely cheaper option. Even the Nissan Leaf's engine
           | replacement is like 14k $, that's the cost of a new car ffs.
        
             | JoshTko wrote:
             | By the time your battery needs replacement it will cost a
             | fraction of what it costs today. Battery prices have been
             | falling fast as the volume production of these batteries
             | have scaled up.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | There has been no evidence of this, not to mention people
               | just get cars with even bigger batteries. It is likely to
               | always be an expensive replacement problem.
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | This has already happened with Nissan Leaf. It debuted
               | with 24kWh, and now you get 40kWh for the same price, and
               | there's 60kWh option.
        
               | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
               | How many times an ICE has its engine replaced on average?
               | 
               | The capacity retention of a Tesla battery from a decade
               | ago plateau at 88% after 200,000 miles. That's for
               | nickel-based battery, and most OEMs are switching to
               | iron-based (LFP) which degrade even less.
               | 
               | I bet that zero EV will have to replace their battery in
               | the near future.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | ICEs can be fixed. It's pretty rare to have a truly dead
               | ICE. For non-luxury cars, even a replacement is no big
               | deal.
               | 
               | Zero is a pretty low number. A lot of them will have to
               | be replaced. Especially for commercial vehicles where
               | they often drive 100k miles every year.
        
         | whalabi wrote:
         | ?
         | 
         | They developed an entirely new platform for EVs [1]
         | 
         | They started a subsidiary for self driving with around a
         | thousand employees [2]
         | 
         | They released EVs, the bZ3, the bZ4x, the Lexus RZ
         | 
         | Current battery technology is a huge reason why people don't
         | switch to EVs. Everyone I know talks about the charging times,
         | needing to find a supercharger route when going long distance.
         | 
         | A 10 minute charge on that massive range would convince me to
         | switch easily.
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_New_Global_Architecture...
         | 
         | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woven_by_Toyota,_Inc.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > They started a subsidiary for self driving with around a
           | thousand employees [2]
           | 
           | Lots of 'self driving' investments have invested a huge
           | amount without much benefit.
           | 
           | > They released EVs, the bZ3, the bZ4x, the Lexus RZ
           | 
           | Their total EV sales are tiny. The bZ4x is universally mocked
           | at one of the worst EV in class and not actually cheaper then
           | the competition.
           | 
           | > Current battery technology is a huge reason why people
           | don't switch to EVs.
           | 
           | And yet huge amounts of people are switching to EV and the
           | actual limit is batteries supply limitations not battery
           | size.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | meling wrote:
           | Yeah, but not until 2027 or so it seems, and then you'll have
           | to drag around an ic engine as well. Seems a bit of a waste
           | for a car with that much battery range.
           | 
           | My dad just bought the bZ4x, I'm not particularly impressed,
           | but that's just my opinion. My dad likes it, mainly because
           | he wasn't comfortable using the touch screen while driving to
           | adjust things like windshield wipers etc, which I think is a
           | good decision for him. But what poor marketing department
           | came up with an unpronounceable name like that.
        
             | Eldandan wrote:
             | Ah, yes, the renowned bz4x, or busy forks for the
             | initiated.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Hyundai/Kia needs about 20 minutes of charging per 3 hours of
           | driving.
           | 
           | The important difference from ICE refuelling is that you
           | don't have to be by the car when it charges.
           | 
           | I've taken road trips across Europe, and it's been fine.
           | 20min is about as much as I need for a bathroom break and to
           | get a coffee.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | Hyundai/Kia do have great maximum charge rates...but the
             | rub is finding a charger that supports those speeds, is not
             | broken, and is not occupied. Is this trivial in Europe? It
             | sure isn't here in the US (even in CA, which has relatively
             | higher adoption rates of EVs).
        
               | zlsa wrote:
               | It is trivial in the US if you're able to use Tesla's
               | supercharger network.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | Telsa's _proposed, future_ v4 standard is still only
               | capable of 250kW and meanwhile CCS stations have been
               | deployed for years now that can do 400kW, with 700kW
               | chargers being demonstrated.
               | 
               | It's an outdated, proprietary standard in both form and
               | function, even if Tesla claims it's a public standard;
               | they exert total business control over the plug and their
               | charger network. There's no way they'll allow a random
               | car to plug into a supercharger ('safety' and such), no
               | way they'll allow any other payment methods on their
               | network. There's no way they'll support configuring your
               | Tesla to work with third party NACS chargers and payment
               | systems.
               | 
               | The only chargers that exist with NACS connectors are in
               | one country and controlled by Tesla. The only cars with
               | NACS plugs are (at the moment) Teslas and the only
               | proposed additional users are companies that have signed
               | agreements with Tesla.
               | 
               | This is why it's so infuriating that Ford, GM, and Tesla
               | did what they did. They just effectively killed CCS, and
               | thus dealt a major blow to EV adoption in the US for the
               | sake of a market share grab. 800v architecture meant EVs
               | finally could lay claim to being practical for long
               | distance charging. Plug in at a rest stop, everyone hits
               | the bathrooms, maybe a snack, stretch their legs, and the
               | car is nearly full again. A lot of errands and such fit
               | into the 18-20 minute window a nearly-full-charge takes.
               | "NACS" can't offer anywhere near a 18 minute 10-to-80
               | charge.
               | 
               | The US version of CCS is far from perfect; the weight of
               | the cable causes connection issues due to the poor
               | mechanical design of the socket, and we never should have
               | had a unique CCS connector from Europe to begin with. But
               | Tesla's "North American Charging Standard" is outdated
               | and their supercharger network in addition to being
               | outdated has been woefully underfunded and undersized for
               | a while; with Ford and Chevy piling onto the network,
               | that's going to get even worse.
               | 
               | What's even more infuriating is that in Europe, there is
               | no such thing as "Superchargers", because the EU forced
               | Tesla to use CCS2. And meanwhile, congress hasn't even
               | noticed that Tesla just effectively captured the US EV
               | charging market.
               | 
               | Ask yourself this: what could possibly go wrong giving
               | the world's richest man - an unhinged narcissist to boot
               | - exclusive control over how electric vehicles are
               | charged in the US?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | CCS1 has no advantages over the Tesla plug. If we're not
               | going to use CCS2, we should use NACS.
               | 
               | You're wrong about the limits. v3 is 250kW, and the
               | limiting factor is the vehicle voltage. Take it up to 800
               | volts and that's already 400kW. Pushing the amps above
               | 500 is possible for both connectors, with similar levels
               | of difficulty.
        
               | redserk wrote:
               | This is incorrect. I'm not sure where you're finding
               | 250kW as the max for a V4 Supercharger but they've been
               | shown to charge at more power in the wild.
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/19/23689247/tesla-v4-supe
               | rch...
               | 
               | And while not deployed in the wild, NACS supports up to
               | 1MW with a forward and backward compatible larger 1000V
               | connector in the NACS spec:
               | https://www.tesla.com/support/charging-product-
               | guides#techni...
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | But that's not compatible with Hyundais or Kias, which is
               | what GP was talking about.
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | Yes, 300kW chargers from Ionity and Fastned are pretty
               | common. FR, NL, DE have especially good coverage.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | More and more so it appears that the US is falling way
               | behind the EU (and probably China) in terms of charging.
               | 
               | 150kW charging is common in France. I hear it's even
               | better in other EU countries.
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | >Toyota somehow develop this magical battery for an EV but
         | forgot to develop an EV.
         | 
         | The Prius in 1997 doesn't count? Sure it was a Hybrid mainly
         | because of no charging network. A decade before Tesla. And
         | selling ever since.
         | 
         | They could have a dozen models in development ready to release
         | who knows. It's a huge company.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | One trick pony. Been sitting on their hands since the hybrid
           | synergy drive.
        
             | bentcorner wrote:
             | > One trick pony.
             | 
             | Care to explain? Because by this metric every carmaker is a
             | one trick pony. Tesla even more so.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Tesla innovates at a rapid pace, even if judging solely
               | on the battery architecture and cell chemistry between
               | their platforms over the last decade. The tech in my 2021
               | and 2023 Ys is far superior to my earlier 2018 S and X.
               | The jump in tech from v1 Superchargers to v4 is material.
               | 
               | Toyota invented the hybrid drive when the US was
               | encouraging higher fuel standards with policy (and Toyota
               | was concerned about being left behind), and have barely
               | put forth a half hearted effort to build EVs. Their
               | earlier compliance car RAV4 EVs used Tesla drivetrains,
               | for example.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, Tesla sells almost 2 million EVs a year and
               | continues to ramp manufacturing. Toyota manufactures
               | press releases.
               | 
               | https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15377976/what-
               | came-be...
               | 
               | https://www.motorbiscuit.com/toyota-once-partnered-with-
               | tesl...
        
               | martin8412 wrote:
               | Tesla model 2023 is worse than earlier years simply
               | because they removed USS.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Sales and revenue matter, opinions don't. USS deprecation
               | is unfortunate, but they still sell the cars so
               | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Tesla is the ultimate one-trick pony. There will come a
               | day when the BEV is abandoned. Tesla has shown no ability
               | to move past that event. Toyota will make whatever car is
               | in demand in the future.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | You are aware that there is no hydrogen refueling
               | infrastructure in most of the developed world and lots of
               | jurisdictions have banned new combustion vehicle sales
               | between now and 2035, yeah? What proven technology would
               | you use besides batteries? Hydrogen infra that doesn't
               | exist?
               | 
               | Toyota isn't dying tomorrow, but if they don't switch to
               | BEVs, they'll die like Kodak or Xerox. There is no light
               | vehicle hydrogen future.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | We can build hydrogen infrastructure if we had to. None
               | of those ICE bans are going to happen by 2035, at least
               | not without massive loopholes. We will be driving ICE
               | cars for a very long time to come. The correct pathway is
               | finding a sustainable alternative to ICE cars that could
               | happen organically, not fantasize about instantly turning
               | everything into a zero emissions car tomorrow.
               | 
               | Tesla is the company that is going to die. The BEV is not
               | going to be the only car in the future, nor will last
               | forever. If anything, it is an outdated idea, and was an
               | overreaction to the 2000s oil shock. Toyota will just
               | make whatever cars people want.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > None of those ICE bans are going to happen by 2035
               | 
               | Many of the bans are happening by 2030. In Norway, 83% of
               | new cars are already BEVs. I don't think they will look
               | back, the market will make selling new ICEs in that
               | country at least, impractical.
               | 
               | Hydrogen probably has a future in goods transportation
               | (trucking), but even there they have to compete with a
               | fully electrified rail system that goes to the arctic
               | circle.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | And either be reversed or will have loopholes. And Norway
               | is one (small) country that is not representative of the
               | rest of the world. And I don't think the political
               | situation in Europe is all that stable either. A lot of
               | the movement in European politics is about abandoning
               | many of these absurd green energy ideas.
               | 
               | Hydrogen will just take over at some point simply because
               | it is the only sustainable idea.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > Hydrogen will just take over at some point simply
               | because it is the only sustainable idea.
               | 
               | Hydrogen is a horrible idea for personal vehicles: it
               | takes a bunch of new expensive infrastructure to even get
               | going (gas stations, but with compressed hydrogen tanks),
               | it is energy inefficient (a lot of energy lost in
               | compression, keeping it compressed, and then turning it
               | in to electrons). It is just not economically viable when
               | compared to BEVs where the biggest worry is finding a
               | power plug.
               | 
               | It might make sense for trucking given its power to
               | weight density, and the fact that trucks can have huge
               | hydrogen tanks without much consequence.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | It is cheaper than building out the grid needed to power
               | all cars. In fact, you use basically the same land that
               | gas stations current use up. It is quite straightforward.
               | 
               | Attacks on efficiency are anti-hydrogen FUD arguments.
               | They were made up by BEV companies and are almost
               | entirely false. It's important to realize that fuel cells
               | are electrochemical systems just like batteries. FCEVs
               | are also EVs just like BEVs. There is no fundamental
               | downside. The upside however is that you avoid the huge
               | amount of raw materials needed for the batteries. So this
               | will be a far cheaper solution once we hit mass
               | production.
               | 
               | In short, it is pretty much guaranteed that we will
               | eventually switch to hydrogen cars. It is only a question
               | of when and not if.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | It really isn't. The grid is literally already there! The
               | only new infrastructure needed is at the end point. If
               | you are going to be generating hydrogen from electricity
               | anyways, it isn't any different, except maybe you need
               | less electricity because going from electrons to hydrogen
               | back to electrons again you lose 40% energy.
               | 
               | The BEV companies aren't pushing FUD. They are just
               | choosing the option that they see the most demand from,
               | and can make the most money from. Japan has tried to make
               | hydrogen happen for 20 years now, and it simply isn't
               | going to happen.
               | 
               | Batteries don't require much more raw material than the
               | fancy cyrogenic compressed hydrogen tank and fuel cell
               | you need for a hydrogen car. Those batteries are also
               | than those two things also.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | That's complete nonsense. We will need vast amounts of
               | grid upgrades to be able to be able to power all cars.
               | And if the grid needs to be purely renewable, that
               | problem explodes into something far harder. In fact, the
               | problem becomes so hard that you will need hydrogen-based
               | energy storage systems to make it work. But that
               | completely undermines any efficiency arguments against
               | hydrogen cars.
               | 
               | BEVs are over 100 years old. It is just a repeat of an
               | obsolete idea. The moment we get serious about green
               | energy, hydrogen cars will happen.
               | 
               | Hydrogen tanks are literally just tanks. They require
               | very little raw materials compared to batteries. Fuel
               | cells are tiny compared to batteries, and use up about
               | the same level of raw materials as catalytic converters.
               | Everything else is basically the same between FCEVs and
               | BEVs. So you can quickly realize that the FCEV will be
               | the far cheaper of the two ideas.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > That's complete nonsense. We will need vast amounts of
               | grid upgrades to be able to be able to power all cars.
               | 
               | That is complete nonsense:
               | 
               | > A typical EV would require about 3,857 kilowatt-hours
               | (kWh) of electricity. For 26.4 million EVs, that's over
               | 101 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity in a year or
               | about 2.5% of what the U.S. grid produced in 2020.
               | Although it's a small percentage, it's much more than
               | what we're currently asking of the electrical grid.
               | 
               | https://www.evconnect.com/blog/can-the-power-grid-handle-
               | ele...
               | 
               | Let's say we have 100 million cars, that is 10%.
               | 
               | You keep saying hydrogen tanks are literally just tanks.
               | I get it, you don't believe compression is necessary, so
               | no cyrogenic cooling at gas stations (powered by the grid
               | of course), no fancy compression in cars. Is that what
               | you actually believe?
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Now do the math with 300 million EVs. Also, assuming SUV
               | sized ones being popular too, alongside many commercial
               | vehicles too. It is not that simple. Especially since so
               | much of it will be DC fast charging and not slow speed
               | charging.
               | 
               | Compression is not that energy intensive. It's more BEV
               | FUD to make this to be a big deal. If done correctly, it
               | is only a few percent loss of energy: https://www.hydroge
               | n.energy.gov/pdfs/9013_energy_requirement...
               | 
               | Also, it is recoverable energy. Compressed gases are
               | energy storage mechanisms in their own right. In the long
               | run, this will be very minor loss of energy.
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | The Prius has also been a PHEV for years now. I doubt it
           | would require a huge change in manufacturing processes to
           | make a pure EV version.
           | 
           | But it's manufacturing the actual battery modules that has
           | been the hard problem for Tesla competitors as I understand
           | it. I guess it's not surprising if so that Toyota would want
           | to have their technology choice set for a while before
           | ramping that up, since it probably affects many of the
           | surrounding design choices.
        
             | Tagbert wrote:
             | It is hard to develop the knowledge and processes to build
             | batteries effectively. You need to start doing it and
             | refine your process as you learn more and expand capacity
             | along the way. Tesla went through this phase several years
             | ago. GM, Ford, and others are currently in this phase. They
             | will work out the kinks. Toyota won't learn how to do this
             | until they actually start building batteries at scale and
             | work out the process using the continuous improvement
             | techniques that they learned from Deming.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | Investing in electric engines is still much cheaper than
               | investing in combustion engines.
               | 
               | As a reference, R&D for Mercedes' 2017+ OM654 diesel
               | engine alone costed the company 3.5 B $. And that amount
               | is relatively low because Mercedes had a huge know how in
               | building diesel engines.
               | 
               | But in EV those amounts are much smaller, catching up is
               | no longer a matter of decades and hundreds of billions,
               | but years and ten times smaller investments (see Korea).
               | 
               | This is why China was never competitive in the ICE era,
               | but companies like BYD are booming.
               | 
               | Also, I strongly believe that from now to 2035 multiple
               | companies will be selling their electric powertrains to
               | dozens of different automakers.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Nokia, Palm, Blackberry, and Microsoft had years of
           | experience making smartphones...
           | 
           | In hybrids the electric motor doesn't have to be maximally
           | efficient, because the electric range is only a nice to have,
           | not the key selling point.
           | 
           | Hybrid battery density doesn't matter much, because it's
           | 1/10th of BEV's size anyway.
           | 
           | In hybrids the charging speed can be an abysmal trickle, and
           | still suffice to charge the tiny battery. In BEV you need to
           | work with 4x higher voltages, 10x higher wattage, and push
           | thermal management to the limits.
           | 
           | That's why bz4x sucks. Its efficiency is meh. It charges at
           | below average speeds, and still overheats.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | In hybrids the battery is used primarily to lower average
             | fuel consumption and lower (a lot) noise and fuel
             | consumption in cities (where hybrids run generally a large
             | amount of time on electric).
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | Maybe for modern hybrids. For my 2005 Hybrid, the engine
               | is an Atkinson cycle engine and that is where most of the
               | efficiency gains come from
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_AZ_engine#2AZ-FXE
               | "The large valve overlap leads to a reduction in cylinder
               | charge and reduced torque and power output, but
               | efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 2AZ-
               | FXE suitable for use only in hybrid vehicles, where peak
               | torque and power demands can be met by the electric motor
               | and battery."
               | 
               | So the hybrid battery is used for acceleration. Note that
               | my Hybrid battery is a 200V 50Wh Nickel metal hydride
               | battery - Note I think Toyota Hybrids didn't start using
               | Lithium batteries until late 2010's).
               | 
               | When town driving it doesn't seem to me that the
               | regenerative braking makes much difference: It is very
               | noticeable that the engine is in use during acceleration
               | from a dead-stop. Certainly regeneration is insignificant
               | on hills because the
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | There is a good Munro and Assoc video going into the
           | packaging differences between ICE and EV vehicles. The Prius
           | (of which I am a happy operator) is ICEV packaging-wise. The
           | battery is relatively high, small and not integrated into the
           | frame.
           | 
           | As a huge company Toyota may well have the people with ideas
           | about EV transition. Unfortunately as a huge company there
           | are a thousand interests that will be harmed by EV
           | transition. Can Toyota (or VW, MB, Stellantis, etc) overcome
           | those internal conflicts to produce something out of their
           | wheelhouse? Or will it take an acquisition that moves with
           | distinct branding that eventually becomes the entire company?
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > The Prius in 1997 doesn't count? Sure it was a Hybrid
           | mainly because of no charging network.
           | 
           | A hybrid is not an EV. It gets 100% of its energy from
           | gasoline. Plug-in hybrids have a better claim to being an EV.
        
             | asantos3 wrote:
             | Prius has a PHEV version...
        
         | hliyan wrote:
         | > I drove 1200km today in a Tesla
         | 
         | Sorry, was this in one day, with a single charge? Or over
         | multiple days (ending today), with charges in between?
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | I've spent the last 40,000 hours on the phone. With breaks,
           | sleep, meals, adventures, and some charging in between...
           | 
           | -
           | 
           | Personally, I want the boutique car shops of the early 1900s
           | style to re-open - whereby they build bespoke vehicles on a
           | standard EV sled, such as this or the Tesla sleds that they
           | open sourced their patents for back in the day...
           | 
           | I'd love to be able to literally design and build my body-
           | work around a safety-rated-regulated frame/sled - and then
           | have these made - the problem with this idea is the advent of
           | monoquoque frames which is the frame and major body-panels
           | are all one-piece, which then required the advent of
           | automotive robotics to be able to pick-up the frame and turn
           | it at angles where the degrees-of-freedom assembly arms can
           | reach, insert/weld things...
           | 
           | but I'd rather have a "tesla" or this "toyota" guts with a
           | custome body set that I can design with a studio, have them
           | fabricated/printed and affix to the standard mounting
           | holes/brackets of my safety-cage.
           | 
           | I especially would like to do this for what would be a
           | camper-van design where you plop the van body atop the sled,
           | have some interconnects for internals to controls etc... and
           | then have the van body mount in a sensible manner...
        
           | drewg123 wrote:
           | I've done a 1600km trip 6 or 8 times in a 2017 Model X 100D.
           | I do it in one ~18 hour drive. About 3.5hrs of that time
           | spent charging. Charging has never been a problem. I think
           | the worst experience I've had was a few years ago, on a V1
           | charger that had > 1/2 the stalls occupied, so I needed to
           | share a 120Kw hour charger.
        
           | foobazgt wrote:
           | Why the skepticism? It's pretty obvious from the car and
           | supercharger stats that this is trivial to accomplish. I had
           | an easy 700mi day trip years ago in my m3p and the range and
           | chargers are better nowadays.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > I had an easy 700mi day trip
             | 
             | I'm pretty good at long distance driving (e.g. 14hrs of
             | driving with no stops except gas and bathroom). I could
             | drive 700 miles in a day in an ICE vehicle, but I'd never
             | call it easy. Add in _any_ charging time, and it gets even
             | less so.
        
               | foobazgt wrote:
               | Might be me. I've semi-routinely made day trips of
               | 1300mi, and I've done a few out-west road trips that
               | involved long bouts of driving.
               | 
               | I'm not happy with FSD yet, but Autopilot is excellent
               | and really helps with driver fatigue. The charging stops
               | don't really change anything. You just stop when you
               | would otherwise bathroom break or eat.
        
               | JoshTko wrote:
               | What FSD issues are the most problematic?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It is hard (or maybe it was hard) to average more than
               | 60mph on US interstates, including gas/pee/food stops.
               | 1300 miles @ 60mph is 21hrs. Unless you plan to not drive
               | the next day, that's a LOT of driving, and definitely not
               | easy.
        
           | venv wrote:
           | I mean, who drives 1200km in day anyway? But it is doable
           | with todays EVs, many of which have ranges of around 500km or
           | more, and only need a couple of hours of charging to drive
           | 1200km (after starting with full capacity), during breaks you
           | would mostly take anyways. Teslas, VW's ID.4, Hyundai's Kona
           | electric and many more come to mind. Cheers for Toyota's
           | research, though.
        
             | xcskier56 wrote:
             | In the US, long drives aren't crazy. This year I've done 4
             | single day drives in excess of 1400km. The furthest I've
             | ever driven without stopping was 2500km, but that was with
             | 4 drivers, and I guess a "day" isn't quite right bc it took
             | us like 27hrs.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | 750 miles are still fairly rare, as a fraction of all
               | road trips. We'll hear from everybody who does it in this
               | thread, of course, but on average it's definitely an edge
               | case.
               | 
               | However, it doesn't matter, I could do 750 miles a day in
               | my Model 3 just as easily as my gas car. It would be more
               | comfortable in the Tesla, too.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | More comfortable than which other car?
               | 
               | I've driven lots of cars and nothing beats the comfort of
               | a premium German station wagon such as a Mercedes E class
               | for long trips followed by Volvo ones.
               | 
               | A model Y or 3 are in a very different tier of cars.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Everyone likes Volvo, but I continue to find them very
               | underwhelming. Mercedes is good, but they have really
               | fallen behind the other German manufacturers in many
               | ways.
               | 
               | A Model 3 is decidedly in the middle, I'll grant you, but
               | it has adaptive cruise and lane centering, which makes
               | long cruises effortless.
               | 
               | But before I'd take a Mercedes E class or any other
               | station wagon, I'd take an F150 King Ranch ;-). Truly
               | that is the land yacht of the modern era. Inefficient,
               | expensive, but there aren't too many cars more spacious
               | or soft for cruising down the highway. In the US, obv.
        
             | bragr wrote:
             | >who drives 1200km in day anyway?
             | 
             | Lot's of people all the time? Perhaps you live in a small
             | country or have all your important people quite close to
             | you if these numbers don't seem reasonable. I must make 1-2
             | road trips like this a year to attend family events,
             | weddings, funerals, etc. It's not fun to drive 12 hours
             | straight, but it's doable, especially with 2 drivers.
        
               | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
               | I live in North Dakota, so if I want to get anywhere I
               | usually drive. I did Fargo to Bozeman by myself last
               | year. Have driven Fargo to Yellowstone in a day. Fargo to
               | Seattle in 2 days with another driver. Chicago is a 9
               | hour drive. Denver is 13 hours. Long road trips are a
               | regular part of life when you live in the middle of
               | nowhere.
        
             | driverdan wrote:
             | I've driven 1600km/1000mi in a day multiple times. I don't
             | find driving that far in one day fun but sometimes it's a
             | better choice than dealing with hotel rooms, especially
             | with pets.
        
           | hx8 wrote:
           | This number is plausible to reach on one day while stopping
           | for charges.
           | 
           | My median driving is very short (<30km/week), but I'll make
           | one way drives of 1800km about 6 times a year. I did lots of
           | research about the long range capabilities of Tesla when
           | making my last purchase.
        
           | ryaneager wrote:
           | I drove ~1050km, SF -> Portland in my model 3 in one day.
           | Around 11 hours total with a ~30 minute charge stop every
           | ~2.5hrs. This was before the V3 superchargers.
        
             | sieabahlpark wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | linsomniac wrote:
           | For additional data, when we go visit my wife's family that's
           | a 2,400 mile trip (3,800km) that we usually do in 3 long-ish
           | days (8am-10pm) if I'm with my family, or around 40 hours if
           | I'm going solo. This is in a 2016 Model S 75D (smaller
           | battery).
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Fast chargers exist. One could drive 1200 km in an EV in a
           | day.
           | 
           | The Cross-US race in an EV managed to _average_ 66 mph - 80
           | mph average while driving, with twenty-four 18 minute
           | charging stops.
           | 
           | Obviously a 1200 km drive could do even better than this -
           | since it could start the day at 100% and end at 0%, saving
           | ~25 mins of charge time.
        
         | ezfe wrote:
         | My 2023 Corolla Hybrid is a great vehicle as someone who cannot
         | go electric - wish they had gone further for the people who
         | can.
        
         | _hypx wrote:
         | Tesla is shaping up to be the next Blackberry. They are stuck
         | with just one idea: The battery powered car. An idea that
         | predates internal combustion BTW.
        
         | sremani wrote:
         | Toyota is a Japanese company, a country that will burn any
         | thing to keep lights on. So, when people question Toyota's
         | commitment to Electric, I do not take them seriously. Toyota
         | might have sunk-cost going with Hydrogen, but sooner or later
         | they will build electric vehicles. My take is, the complexity
         | of Li-based battery supply chain coupled with their views on
         | Total Carbon Footprint of Li-based cars made them wait for
         | better options.
        
           | _hypx wrote:
           | This is totally backwards. We will have to switch to hydrogen
           | cars because batteries are not sustainable. It is nearly
           | everyone else that picked wrong and will eventually have to
           | pay the price.
        
         | troyvit wrote:
         | When there's a gold rush sell shovels.
        
         | _hypx wrote:
         | Bullshit. All car companies will have to abandon batteries
         | because it is not a sustainable idea. It is Tesla and not
         | Toyota that is facing a disruptive risk because of that.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Toyota does have a couple of electric cars; bZ* plus a Lexus.
        
           | drewg123 wrote:
           | The charging performance of one of the bZ variants is so bad
           | one could say it doesn't really do "fast" charging. See the
           | out of spec review "The Toyota bZ4X AWD Sets A New Low Record
           | In Our 10% EV Road Trip Challenge (US Spec / CATL Battery)"
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9A73U-kAO0
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | It's commonplace for whoever gets a throne to inevitably
         | squander it because they get complacent and proud, becoming top
         | dog is essentially the grim reaper giving you written notice.
         | 
         | Combined with other failures Japan is going through right now,
         | it really is tragic how far Japan has fallen from its former
         | glory.
        
           | twelve40 wrote:
           | for all this talk of tragic failures, it is an extremely rich
           | country, and Toyota is #1 automaker in the world. So compared
           | to wars and true craziness elsewhere, they are still facing
           | just the first-world problems.
        
           | ChatGTP wrote:
           | They need another Meiji revolution.
        
         | TheBigSalad wrote:
         | I don't know anything about cars, but is an all electric really
         | that much different from a plug in hybrid?
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | Well, do you know much about physics?
           | 
           | What do you think happens to overall system efficiency if you
           | need to carry an internal combustion engine, a gas tank, and
           | gas along with you, in addition to a battery, inverter, and
           | electric motor?
           | 
           | Hybrids are strictly worse than electrics in every measure
           | except range, and most customers do not need the range they
           | claim to need.
           | 
           | But salesmen are not paid commissions to explain why
           | customers don't need things, so we have hybrids.
        
             | VectorLock wrote:
             | >Hybrids are strictly worse than electrics in every measure
             | except range, and most customers do not need the range they
             | claim to need.
             | 
             | Thats the benefit of a plug-in Hybrid. Most people don't
             | need to drive much on a day to day basis and the smaller
             | battery can handle that fine. For longer driving you have
             | the ICE engine. The ICE engine can weigh as much or less
             | than a comparatively "long range" battery.
        
       | amai wrote:
       | Sounds like FUD -
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear,_uncertainty,_and_doubt
        
       | simbolit wrote:
       | What does the article really contribute? The announcement was 10
       | days ago. I can't find anything in the article that gives me new
       | actionable information.
       | 
       | Can people who upvoted this please explain why they did? Thanks!
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | It's the first time I'm hearing of it and it sounds neat and
         | I'd like to know more?
        
           | simbolit wrote:
           | 10 days ago: The Japanese automaker says it has found a new
           | material that will help commercialize the elusive, long-
           | awaited solid state battery, but it's light on details.
           | https://uk.pcmag.com/cars-auto/147312/toyota-touts-solid-
           | sta...
        
             | Mistletoe wrote:
             | Yes I get that lol but I don't have a neural link to all
             | news that is created at the time it happens.
        
         | brianmorris10 wrote:
         | Agree. This article takes the phrase "745 mile solid state
         | battery, charges in 10 minutes created by Toyota" and fluffs it
         | to 1000 words. No further information is conveyed.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Personally, this is the first time I'm seeing this info, and to
         | me it's pretty exciting. 750mi on a single charge would
         | significantly change the calculus on EVs for me personally. It
         | pretty much eliminates any range worries I have, and makes it
         | way more feasible for me to own one if I live in an apartment
         | or condo where I cannot install a more powerful charger. It's
         | the difference between hanging out at a charger station once a
         | week vs once a month.
         | 
         | So at the very least, the article is a nice heads-up to me and
         | others alike that are somewhat on the fence about EVs, that
         | some of our concerns may very well be assuaged.
        
           | comfypotato wrote:
           | Do you know the lifetime of current battery technology?
           | Expected years until 80% capacity, etc.? Asking because I
           | don't know.
        
             | Gareth321 wrote:
             | Tesla claims their Model S and X batteries degrade 12% over
             | 200,000 miles: https://www.notateslaapp.com/tesla-
             | reference/1371/tesla-show...
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | I do not, sorry.
             | 
             | Until very recently, EV's weren't even a consideration for
             | me, because of their limitations on range, but also because
             | of difficulty of charging them if you lived in a condo or
             | an apartment (heck, my current car is a Mazda, a company
             | which _just_ started offering EVs in some markets). Because
             | of that, I am not well versed in the specific details of
             | the current generation of EVs. With that said, anecdotally,
             | I have heard of old Prius hybrids getting 100k miles out of
             | their batteries, but that was a decade ago. I don't know
             | what modern battery chem is capable of.
        
         | andybak wrote:
         | I upvoted it because I didn't hear the announcement until I saw
         | this post.
        
         | RileyJames wrote:
         | Selfishly, I'm excited only because it might mean Toyota
         | continues to be a viable operation into the future.
         | 
         | I want them to be one of the leaders of next generation
         | vehicles, what ever the technology, only because it means they
         | will continue to support their previous generation vehicles,
         | for which they have an honourable history.
         | 
         | I want my BJ74 landcruiser to run on diesel until it's no
         | longer available, and then I want it to run as a
         | hybrid/electric vehicle until like the ship of Theseus we are
         | debating whether or not it's still a BJ74.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | Also Land Cruiser owner here, although gasoline one. No
           | intentions of conversion. I'm pretty sure gas will be
           | available for the next 100 years.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | I envy you with your Toyota diesel. I could only manage to
           | get a VW.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Even if it was true, by 2027-28 the market will be completely
       | lost for Toyota and probably, every Western brand except Tesla.
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | EU will ban the sale of gasoline fueled cars in 2035, there is
         | plenty of time.
        
         | worrycue wrote:
         | Why? At the end of the day if they can produce a good car at a
         | good price by the time EV hit mass adoption / ICEs get banned,
         | they will be fine.
         | 
         | I don't understand why people think just because you are late
         | to market means you can't get market share - or even dominate.
         | Cars aren't operating systems or social media platforms, there
         | is no network effect.
         | 
         | Heck, Toyota entered the US car market when US manufacturers
         | like GM and Ford were long established.
        
           | anovikov wrote:
           | Because they will need some kind of advantage. Tesla has been
           | on it for like, 10 years longer than anyone else so they have
           | an advantage of learning curve. China has advantage of
           | established production chain and low costs. Toyota has none.
           | If they try to seriously compete they will just spend all
           | money in 2-3 years and go bust.
        
             | lofaszvanitt wrote:
             | Do people really believe, that everyone will drive a Tesla?
             | People need stimulation, variety and there are multitude of
             | other factors that weigh in on their buying preferences.
        
             | worrycue wrote:
             | GM and Ford were also at it for decades before Toyota even
             | existed ... The idea that Tesla and China's head start is
             | insurmountable needs justification.
        
               | anovikov wrote:
               | Toyota at that point had a huge cost advantage because
               | their labor was many times cheaper than American, even
               | bigger advantage than China has today. They were not
               | unionised and worked almost for food, as Japan was still
               | poor and half-wrecked after WWII. And it was the time
               | when an assembly line worker in the U.S. with Homer
               | Simpson level of education attainment could buy a
               | 4-bedroom home on a single income. So they managed to
               | squeeze in in spite of America having a huge head start,
               | much like China did with Tesla. Today's Japan is nothing
               | like that.
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | But we are talking about "learning curves" and "supply
               | chains". You still haven't explained why they won't be
               | able to catch up and make a good affordable EV.
        
               | anovikov wrote:
               | Because you need something to begin. Either a learning
               | advantage (build better stuff as cheap as others can
               | build crappy one because of less trial and error
               | involved), or a cost advantage (but crappy stuff but
               | cheaply due to lower costs and thus win market share).
               | Not having either, they will have to compete head-on, and
               | simple comparison of valuations and thus WACCs of Tesla
               | vs Toyota clearly shows that if they try to compete, they
               | will be drained and bankrupt very quickly.
               | 
               | I think they will eventually not try. They see the
               | writing on the wall and know they will be bankrupt and
               | dissolved in some years. Thus spreading FUD about EVs
               | plus promising much better EV of their own to simply slow
               | down this process to make some final bucks before going
               | bust. That is the smartest thing they can do at this
               | point.
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | > Because you need something to begin
               | 
               | They have experience with electric drive trains/motors
               | with the hydrogen vehicles and experience with batteries
               | with their (plugin) hybrids.
               | 
               | They just haven't bothered to release a full EV for
               | whatever reason. Maybe they don't think it will be
               | profitable at the moment and it will hurt sales of more
               | profitable existing product lines.
               | 
               | > Thus spreading FUD about EVs
               | 
               | Are they wrong about their concerns over the supply of
               | lithium? Or that for many people EV won't be an option -
               | due to lack of infrastructure in their countries, range
               | issues, ... etc.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | In 2022, 80% of new cars sold in Norway were EVs[1]. Even in
         | our most cold and remote region, Finnmark, over 50% of new cars
         | were EVs. All on the top 10 list are BEVs.
         | 
         | Of the top 10, five were German models. The top two, ID.4 and
         | Enyaq are essentially the same car and combined outsold the
         | only Tesla model, Model Y.
         | 
         | Yes Tesla has a tech advantage currently. Their advantage isn't
         | magic though, and for some people other things matter more.
         | 
         | However I will agree that Toyota has some serious work ahead to
         | get back into the lead here in Norway.
         | 
         | [1]: https://elbil.no/hele-10-pa-topp-lista-er-elektrisk/
        
       | Eumenes wrote:
       | I'll believe it when it's been in the field for years. EVs have
       | been a major let down, lot's of hype.
        
       | SergeAx wrote:
       | > For those who prefer metric, that's a range of 1200 kilometers
       | and a charge time of six hectoseconds
       | 
       | That was actually funny. Otherwise, please call me back when
       | vehicles with such batteries will be available.
        
       | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
       | 1200km is more than enough. Nobody should be driving longer
       | distances in one day anyway. If this will hold up, Toyota will
       | have leap-frogged their competition. As a German, it kind of
       | pains me to see how asleep at the wheel the German car industry
       | is: too timid, too conservative and too slow.
       | 
       | Edit: Although a bit of a bummer further down: "Toyota claims it
       | will be ready for sale in 2027 or 2028."
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Given the weight of the batteries, I expect you'll see
         | companies and customers opt for a battery half that size. The
         | reduced weight will add a few percent to the expected range, so
         | you might see a 600 mile battery with 45% of the capacity.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >1200km is more than enough.
         | 
         | That's 560 kilos more than what Bill Gates said.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > 1200km is more than enough. Nobody should be driving longer
         | distances in one day anyway.
         | 
         | No not really. When they say 1200km that's under ideal
         | conditions. Put a roof rack, a kayak or two bikes, load it up
         | with 4 passengers and a trunk full of luggage, and drive up
         | into the mountains on a hot summer day with the air conditioner
         | on full blast, and you're probably looking at a range of 400km.
         | And your destination probably doesn't have a place to charge
         | overnight.
         | 
         | This whole "in one day" mentality is the problem. If you're
         | going to the backcountry of death valley where there is
         | absolutely no civilization, you want your vehicle to hold
         | enough energy for your _entire trip_ , not just for one day.
        
           | mcswell wrote:
           | You _do_ realize that if you do all of those things in an
           | ICE, you 'll get a similar drop in range, right?
           | 
           | At any rate, most people _never_ do all those things, nor do
           | they go into some death valley. Because most of us don 't
           | like death.
           | 
           | As for the charging places, yes that is an issue. I never had
           | trouble filling my horse with that gasoline stuff, either.
        
         | TheRealSteel wrote:
         | It's funny for me to come across this comment now. Just 15
         | minutes ago I got home from driving 1,250km today in an EV.
         | Yes, I am tired. Yes, I agree nobody should drive longer in one
         | day.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Gareth321 wrote:
         | I'll be getting an EV when I can purchase one for $50k with
         | more than 700 mile range. Then I won't need to stop more often
         | than our gas car on road trips, and I won't have to worry about
         | the cold/speed/altitude significantly reducing range.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | I would guess the longer ranges benefit apartment dwellers,
         | house renters, etc. People that maybe can't get reliable
         | daily/nightly access to a charger. Apartments and workplaces
         | could dole out stickers for access on specific days of the week
         | or similar to spread out use of chargers.
        
           | freetanga wrote:
           | Or anyone that needs to do a 500-600 km every 2-3 months and
           | is not eager to add 90 mins and uncertainty to those trips.
           | 
           | I think is a fairly common situation in Europe, you might
           | live in a city but relatives are away. You visit but don't
           | see the point of making a complex planning factoring cold
           | weather, vehicle load, potentially broken chargers no your
           | planned stop,....
           | 
           | And train is not an option if you are carrying a family of 5
           | or plan on moving around once you arrive.
           | 
           | Why adopt a solution that is worse than the status quo?
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | It's not a 90min stop to go 500-600km in a lot of modern
             | EVs. More like 10-20min.
             | 
             | I just looked up a trip in A Better Route Planner in a
             | Hyundai Ioniq 6 going on a trip around Texas, 495km trip.
             | 4h44min total trip time, _8 minutes_ of charging.
             | 
             | Do you really not take a 10 minute break in nearly 5 hours
             | of driving?
        
               | c0nfused wrote:
               | As someone who has been tooting the ev horn for a while,
               | generally most arguments against EVs are couched in "I do
               | x now and don't want to change" or they are I heard about
               | x and am afraid of it.
               | 
               | People who are willing to look into the situation on the
               | ground tend to react positively
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | At that point it's worth considering renting a car every
             | 2-3 months for those trips, and get a car sized to your
             | day-to-day needs instead.
             | 
             | Of course that's also worse than the status quo (well,
             | probably cheaper than the status quo, but less convenient),
             | so I don't expect people to flock to that solution
        
               | dontlaugh wrote:
               | Rental is so expensive it compares poorly to owning a
               | small 10-15 year old ICE car.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Similar sentiment to, "just rent a UHaul pickup instead
               | of owning one just in case you need to move
               | furniture/appliances".
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > probably cheaper than the status quo, but less
               | convenient
               | 
               | If it lets you get rid of your cars, maybe.
               | 
               | If you also need a daily car (or even two), rental is not
               | necessarily cheap, and beyond convenience it has
               | flexibility issues.
               | 
               | For instance the rental closest to me is a half hour bus
               | ride away, and not open on the weekends, and the prices
               | can vary a lot depending on time to trip or period, and
               | obviously the type of car can triple the rental price.
               | 
               | It's worth it to me, because I can otherwise get by fine
               | without owning a car. But if I need a daily anyway, it
               | makes more sense to upscale it a bit and get the extra
               | freedom. Especially if relatives start getting up in age
               | and you never know when you need to pack up quick.
               | 
               | It's the same issue with timeshare vehicles, if people
               | have kids they'll all need it at the same time (because
               | school schedules), and you'll always remember when it was
               | _not_ available for an emergency.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | As someone who has driven the complete breadth of
             | Pennsylvania (300 miles) dozens of times in my life in ICE
             | cars, the rule is that you add 30 minutes of stoppage per 3
             | hours of driving, in order to stretch, use the bathroom,
             | refill your water bottle, get snacks, etc. As long as an EV
             | can fill 3 hours of charge (180 miles) in under 30 minutes,
             | charging time adds nothing to the trip. The only thing that
             | matters is that rest stops have adequate charger capacity.
        
             | glogla wrote:
             | > Why adopt a solution that is worse than the status quo?
             | 
             | Depends. If you believe climate change is a hoax pushed by
             | evil liberals or whatever, the status quo is fine.
             | 
             | If you understand that it is real, then you know that
             | keeping the status quo of burning oil means working towards
             | destroying human civilization. Then it's easy to decide
             | that mild inconvenience of charging an EV is worth keeping
             | humanity around.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | Let's not forget that simply driving an EV is enough to
               | reduce your carbon emissions.
               | 
               | How many miles do you need to drive an EV until you break
               | even on the emissions required to balance out
               | manufacturing of the car, recycling of the battery and
               | car once it has reached its max lifetime use, and how the
               | electricity to charge your EV was generated?
               | 
               | If your concern is climate change, lobbying for EV use
               | probably isn't the biggest bang for the buck.
               | 
               | I'm not 100% convinced an EV is better for the
               | environment when you consider all of the indirect
               | emission sources.
               | 
               | (I'm bracing for the downvotes, but would much prefer to
               | be proved wrong with citations and research studies)
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Sounds like most studies point to a little over 20,000mi
               | break even for cars based on the average US grid energy
               | source mix. In my area it's an even higher mix of
               | renewables than average, so probably 20,000 or less.
               | 
               | My EV is already a bit over 26,000mi, so it's most likely
               | past it's break even and I plan on probably putting
               | another 100,000+ miles on it before I sell it.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > If your concern is climate change, lobbying for EV use
               | probably isn't the biggest bang for the buck.
               | 
               | Absolutely is not. Passenger road transport accounts for
               | only about 10% of CO2 emissions[1], and reducing that is
               | one of the more difficult approaches because you're
               | asking millions of people to each change their personal
               | habits which individually have essentially no impact.
               | 
               | State regulatory changes applying to large industrial
               | emitters will have the biggest impact and while the costs
               | will ultimately be borne by customers, it is more likely
               | to actually happen. This includes both encouraging
               | "green" energy production such as nuclear and renewables,
               | as well as demanding capture and/or reduction of
               | emissions.
               | 
               | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-
               | transport
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Existing BEVs are already good enough for city dwellers. Only
           | hybrids need to be charged ~daily. BEVs have batteries 10x
           | their size.
           | 
           | BEVs last a week or more between charges. If you have a
           | charger at work, supermarket, gym, or such, you just plug it
           | in when you have a chance.
        
         | mschild wrote:
         | Too expensive is another issue.
         | 
         | The e-up from VW is the cheapest one they sell. It's 30k, more
         | than double than the combustion version. I simply cannot
         | believe that the same car but with battery an e engine costs
         | 16k more.
        
           | speedgoose wrote:
           | Well, VW sells an ID.3 for about 16kEUR in China.
        
             | tromp wrote:
             | That sounds wrong but seems confirmed by
             | https://insideevs.com/news/675842/volkswagen-slashes-
             | id3-pri...
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Cost of doing business in China -- the government sets the
             | price. You either play by their rules or get shut out.
        
               | mschild wrote:
               | By that logic, they'd keep VW prices high. China's
               | vehicle manufacturers have made impressive strides of the
               | past few years, especially in the EV market. Considering
               | the growing nationalist tendencies, they'd try to get
               | there citizens to buy more wholly produced and designed
               | Chinese cars. How does lowering prices on foreign ones
               | help that goal?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | It is often said that electric cars are simpler than ICE, why
           | are they more expensive then?
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Battery supply chain limits and cost.
             | 
             | If you only have batteries for X amount of cars, selling X
             | amount of expensive cars makes much more sense.
             | 
             | Also despite being conceptually simpler, the cost of the
             | battery is still high.
        
             | dagmx wrote:
             | Simpler doesn't mean cheaper to the consumer at time of
             | purchase. You have to factor in R&D, price of parts etc...
             | 
             | ICE cars have had decades to bring down the cost of
             | manufacturing, through shared components and improved
             | manufacturing processes.
             | 
             | EVs are newer, with a lot of cost going into R&D that must
             | be recouped and parts that aren't shareable across their
             | entire lineup of vehicles yet.
             | 
             | The simplicity of EVs results in reduced ownership cost
             | though with little maintenance required
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Simple usually means fewer parts. Doesn't mean those parts
             | are cheap. Raw material costs for EVs are still a problem,
             | although the increased demand in the past few years has
             | spurred mining annd refining companies into action and we
             | are now seeing drops in the Lithium and other commodity
             | markets. The invisible hand at work.
        
             | shafyy wrote:
             | Missing economies of scale, for starters.
        
           | epups wrote:
           | I can, considering demand is through the roof. If it's a good
           | deal for the customer, that's another story. I'm not sure
           | what the ROI is in fuel and maintenance savings but over the
           | lifetime of the vehicle it's probably close?
        
             | mschild wrote:
             | Oh I was not questioning VW trying to charge as much as
             | possible.
             | 
             | I just believe the profit margins on those 2 versions are
             | wildly different.
             | 
             | Electric cars are more expensive to produce, for now at
             | least, but that that price difference doesn't excuse a 2x
             | price difference to the end customer.
        
         | maximinus_thrax wrote:
         | > 1200km is more than enough. Nobody should be driving longer
         | distances in one day anyway.
         | 
         | It's not necessarily about the range, there's also charging
         | frequency. I personally don't have anywhere to charge my car
         | where I live (apartment complex) so I have to go to my office
         | building or my city hall/library, etc.. and of course pay for
         | it, while I coordinate whatever errands I have to match the
         | charging time. I would like to do that as seldom as possible.
        
         | blackbeans wrote:
         | Even in Germany the top selling electric cars are not German.
         | Combined with the uprising of cheaper Chinese brands in Europe
         | in the coming years, I fear the worst for the German car
         | industry. However German car manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz
         | also cooperate with solid state cell manufacturers
         | (https://group.mercedes-
         | benz.com/company/news/220127-prologiu...)
        
           | fsh wrote:
           | The VW group has by far the largest electric car market share
           | in Germany (~30 %): https://app.handelsblatt.com/mobilitaet/e
           | lektromobilitaet/el...
        
             | blackbeans wrote:
             | Market share is a different measurement unit compared to
             | top selling. From your article:
             | 
             | Tesla hatte VW im zweiten Halbjahr 2022 die deutsche
             | Elektroautokrone abgejagt. Nun verteidigte das Unternehmen
             | von Elon Musk den Spitzenplatz. Der Vorsprung schrumpfte
             | allerdings von 7400 auf 2000 Autos. Die Marktanteile der
             | Marken lagen dabei bei 16,5 und 15,6 Prozent der insgesamt
             | in Deutschland neu zugelassenen Elektroautos.
             | 
             | See also in English: https://www.best-selling-
             | cars.com/electric/2022-full-year-ge...
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | This is essentially due to different marketing decisions
               | by VW. VW, like most car companies, has loads of brands.
               | Tesla has one. Items 2, 6, 12, 13, and 21 on your list
               | are all VW. VW could, if it wanted to move up on that
               | leaderboard, rename the Cupra (Seat sub-brand) Born,
               | which is a mildly weird-looking id.3, id.3 (mildly weird
               | looking trim) tomorrow.
        
               | fsh wrote:
               | 15.6% only refers to VW branded cars. VW group cars (VW,
               | Audi, Skoda, Cupra,...) have ~30% total market share.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Kinda surprised Tesla hasn't split into multiple brands
               | for high end, mid range and cheapo cars.
               | 
               | That way they can sell cheap shitty cars without damaging
               | their reputation for high end vehicles.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | The idea that this is a good idea is very questionable.
               | If you buy an expensive car, you expense quality. If you
               | buy a cheap Tesla you get a cheaper product. Not sure why
               | costumers wouldn't be able to understand that.
               | 
               | The many brands are mostly historical by consolidation in
               | the industry.
        
               | jansan wrote:
               | Yeah, it's a bit confusing with all those brands. Tesla
               | is just Tesla, but Volkswagen is a company and also a
               | brand, and the company owns the brands Volkswagen, Skoda,
               | Seat, Cupra, Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley and Porsche. But
               | it is owned partly by another company called Porsche as
               | well.
               | 
               | So yes, Tesla sold more cars in Germany than the
               | Volkswagen brand, but fewer than the Volkswagen group.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | The interesting part here is how close Tesla is in VW
               | group home market and how far VW Group is away from them
               | in the US/China.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Literally ever large car company signs a bunch of stuff with
           | lots of battery startups. If any of this pays off is
           | questionable. Most of these 'solid state' cell companies will
           | have a very, very hard time. This is research level stuff
           | not, making millions of cars with these cells anytime soon.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | I mean if you want your German pride back, Mercedes has a car
         | (exactly one, it's a concept car) on the road that actually
         | does 1200km on a single charge, the EQXX:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G7Egi36C4M
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | It's the coolest concept car in a long time. It makes
           | progress in something that actually matters and it looks
           | elegant, not like an oversized Transformers toy.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Concept cars don't inspire pride. If anything the opposite.
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | To put this into context, with 1200km of range, this car would be
       | a fair bit ahead of its competitors. According to [0], the
       | current top of the line is the Lucid Air with 830km, followed by
       | the Tesla Model S with 650km and the Hyundai Ioniq 6 with 580 km
       | of range.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.cars.com/articles/electric-vehicles-with-the-
       | lon...
        
         | clouddrover wrote:
         | You're better off looking at real world highway range rather
         | than the EPA numbers:
         | 
         | https://insideevs.com/reviews/443791/ev-range-test-results/
         | 
         | Some cars like the Porsche Taycan out perform their EPA range,
         | other cars like the Tesla Model S under perform their EPA
         | range.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | You're not kidding - there's a plus/minus 30% delta in some
           | cases!
        
       | gardenhedge wrote:
       | To me Toyota has been one of the top car brands. Are they really
       | just to be reckoned with now?
        
         | simondotau wrote:
         | > Are they really just to be reckoned with now?
         | 
         | Given that they're claiming it'll make it into customer hands
         | no earlier than 2027, and there's countless ways a new
         | technology can take longer than predicted, and Toyota has no
         | experience manufacturing battery cells anyway, no. They're
         | still not a company "to be reckoned with" yet.
         | 
         | Toyota might well end up being the Nokia of the EV world,
         | modulo the Japanese Government's preparedness to do GM-style
         | bailouts.
        
         | glogla wrote:
         | In EV space, they're not even that. They have no competitive
         | offerings and they wasted a lot of time going after hydrogen,
         | which was shown to be not feasible like a decade ago.
         | 
         | Their current hybrids are nice, though.
        
           | SyzygistSix wrote:
           | Their current hybrids are great and very much in demand,
           | especially the Prime models. Now if only Toyota could make
           | anywhere near enough to satisfy that demand they would be
           | doing really well. And an equivalent truck as capable and
           | reliable as the Tacoma would probably ignite a sales frenzy.
           | But whether they can't make the margins or don't have access
           | to enough batteries, they can't seem to really perform in
           | that space.
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | Toyota has been a top car brand for a long time, their
         | production capacity is huge, their build quality is high, their
         | vehicle reliability is rightly praised.
         | 
         | Every car band is moving into the EV space. These companies are
         | lumbering beasts, but after moving with "deliberate speed" for
         | a few years, it's becoming noticeable. I see electric VWs and
         | BMWs on the roads locally, along with Hyundai, Kia, Polestar
         | and of course Teslas.
         | 
         | There are plenty of hybrid Toyota Priuses around, but for pure
         | EVs, Toyota is the outlier, the laggard, the company that
         | appears to have made the wrong bet and is now struggling to
         | catch up.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota...
        
           | worrycue wrote:
           | > now struggling to catch up
           | 
           | How far are they behind really though? They have been working
           | on hydrogen fuel cell (i.e. they generate electricity) cars
           | ... isn't that practically the same thing except the power
           | source is different? Serious question.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | > Toyota have been working on hydrogen fuel cell, isn't
             | that practically the same thing
             | 
             | No, it's totally different.
             | 
             | "Hydrogen-powered vehicles don't need charging like an
             | electric vehicle. You refuel them with hydrogen gas, pumped
             | in the same safe and convenient way you would a
             | conventional petrol or diesel car"
             | https://www.toyota.co.uk/hydrogen/how-do-i-charge-a-
             | hydrogen...
             | 
             | You can't fuel an hydrogen car on the new electric
             | infrastructure, or vice versa.
             | 
             | > isn't that practically the same thing except the power
             | source is different
             | 
             | Nuclear power stations and coal power stations are same
             | thing except the power source is different.
             | 
             | Sure, it's the same except for all the many things that are
             | different.
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | But the rest of the car is the same. Just the battery and
               | its charging circuitry vs hydrogen fuel cell + pump
               | mechanism(?) differs.
               | 
               | Edit: And do they make plugin hybrids -
               | https://www.toyota.com/priusprime/
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | You can't fuel the one on the infrastructure for the
               | other, and vice versa. EV charging infrastructure is
               | happening, hydrogen infrastructure isn't. So Toyota's bet
               | on hydrogen isn't paying off. Was that your question?
               | 
               | If your question is "why isn't Toyota just catching up
               | since the differences are so minor in my mind?" maybe ask
               | them, but we haven't seen it happen yet. I've driven
               | Toyotas and liked it, I'd welcome more Toyota full EVs,
               | but they seem to be struggling with full EVs so maybe
               | it's not that minor in practice. That's the main thing
               | that I can tell you.
               | 
               | I'm sure you can google on the topic, takes that are
               | sympathetic https://insideevs.com/news/650150/toyota-
               | says-ev-extremists-... mixed
               | https://slate.com/business/2023/01/toyota-electric-
               | vehicles-... and negative
               | https://thedriven.io/2023/01/30/toyota-faces-disaster-
               | unless...
               | 
               | I'll add a couple of things that I do know: car companies
               | that have been in business for decades and operate at
               | huge scale in big factory assumbly lines across global
               | supply chains are, as I said above, "lumbering beasts",
               | the new models are planned multiple years in advance.
               | They don't turn on a dime, changes in Toyota management
               | this year translate to new models on sale in 2026 or
               | thereabouts. VW, BMV etc have a head start, as they have
               | EV models out right now, and not the 1st generation of
               | them either - e.g. I see VW ID3s locally, and the VW ID6
               | will be out by end 2023. Toyota's 2026 model will compete
               | with an ID6 successor. And a Polestar 4 successor, etc.
               | This is hard, from a standing start.
               | 
               | You mentioned the Prius. Toyota owns this market, sure. I
               | see lots of them around, it's the vehicle of choice for
               | "minicab" private hire taxis. But for Toyota, that's also
               | an barrier to doing anything that takes sales away from
               | that market.
               | 
               | If it was so easy to pivot to full EVs, would people be
               | saying "Toyota faces disaster unless new CEO performs
               | miracle" ?
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | I was just saying I don't think they are as far behind as
               | many think. They seem to have all the components to make
               | an EV.
               | 
               | As to why they haven't executed and delivered a car, who
               | knows. Could be lack of profitability at the projected
               | numbers they could sell vs cost to bring up a
               | manufacturing line - in addition to, as you mentioned,
               | cannibalization of more profitable products. VW, BMW, ...
               | etc. are they making money or just eating losses selling
               | EVs right now?
               | 
               | Maybe they aren't rushing it, it is a relatively new type
               | of "engine/fuel" for them, and they want all the kinks
               | and gotchas worked out before they release something to
               | preserve their reputation for reliability.
               | 
               | That said, just because they haven't released anything
               | doesn't necessarily mean they can't.
        
               | dev_daftly wrote:
               | Except we do know why because they have written blog
               | posts about it. They would rather make 100 hybrids than
               | 10 BEV's. They think it's better environmentally and they
               | haven't said this part, but probably a lot more
               | profitable as well.
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | Then where are their PHEVs? Their Prime vehicles have
               | long waitlists and are produced in relatively small
               | numbers. Either they can't make the margins with them or
               | their access to battery supplies is very limited.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | Well, we will wait and see, I'd be very happy to see
               | Toyota join the party and finally release a good EV.
               | 
               | It is not quite right to say that "they haven't released
               | anything", there is e.g, the Toyota bZ4X, widely regarded
               | as a really bad car (1). And other EVs that have made no
               | impact (2)
               | 
               | 1) https://cleantechnica.com/2022/06/26/toyota-
               | bz4x-first-revie...
               | 
               | 2) https://www.toyota.co.uk/electric
        
               | worrycue wrote:
               | > It is not quite right to say that "they haven't
               | released anything", there is e.g, the Toyota bZ4X, widely
               | regarded as a really bad car (1). And other EVs that have
               | made no impact (2)
               | 
               | So technically they have "joined the party". Granted they
               | don't seem fully committed yet and don't seem to be
               | trying very hard - based on the review you linked, they
               | have QC problems ... on the wheels; and they haven't put
               | much marketing muscle behind the others. At least they
               | have a foot in the door.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | Technically yes, and _only_ technically yes. I don't see
               | Toyota bZ4Xs on the roads, no-one is looking forward to
               | them. Do you know what a "compliance car" or "compliance
               | vehicle" is? It's not a serious intent to be in that
               | market.
        
       | discobean wrote:
       | - it "may" have solved the range and battery weight problems.
       | 
       | Just like every other battery announcement. Progress is progress
       | though, so good news.
        
       | ShadowBanThis01 wrote:
       | Solid-state? Are there batteries with vacuum tubes?
        
       | PaulKeeble wrote:
       | CATL's and BYD's sodium ion batteries are appearing already. Cars
       | are on sale in China and you can buy the cells on AliExpress.
       | Those are about EUR50 a KWH for similar density which compares
       | favourably to Li-on at over $100 and LiPho at $130.
       | 
       | Next generation batteries from their competitors are already
       | hitting the market and the new Li-on is expected next year with
       | double capacity which will match Toyota's stated battery and CATL
       | are unlikely to be lying. Toyota has been talking about this
       | since 2017 and nothing has been shown so far, whereas CATL have
       | shown the tech off.
       | 
       | This coming year looks like it's finally the year when all the
       | promises of new battery technology actually happens in volume.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | What's the cycle life on these batteries? Because EUR50/kWh
         | would be wonderful for stationary storage.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | Based on articles I read in trade mags via my work email is
           | that battery manufacturers suspect that with careful design
           | and thermal management a lightly used automotive battery
           | could have a 20-40 year service life.
           | 
           | I think people have a disbelief that there have been large
           | improvements in battery lifespan in the last 20 years when
           | there absolutely has been. Modern ion batteries aren't just
           | 20 year old ones but cheaper. Degradation and charge
           | discharge rates are substantially better.
        
       | glogla wrote:
       | Lately I'm more and more convinced that the challenge is not
       | doing a thing, the challenge is scaling it up. Doing a thing is a
       | necessity for moving forward, but scaling it up is how you change
       | the world.
       | 
       | On one hand, Toyota is pretty good at scaling things up. On the
       | other hand, they have not shown scaling it up, they have shown
       | doing a thing.
       | 
       | We'll have to see. The time is running out.
        
         | SyzygistSix wrote:
         | They haven't been very good about scaling up production of
         | their Prime vehicles. Lots of people would love to buy them and
         | have for years.
        
         | simondotau wrote:
         | > they have shown doing a thing.
         | 
         | What they showed is a bench experiment. What they need is a
         | battery which is proven capable in an EV -- in terms of
         | resilience, power handling, environmental tolerances, etc. The
         | challenge is scaling THAT up.
        
         | dev_tty01 wrote:
         | They have sold hybrids at scale, lots of similar components, so
         | no reason to think they can't scale when they have a design
         | they are ready to produce. Toyota runs a huge global car
         | manufacturing company that is known for quality and shipping a
         | lot of cars. They know how to scale.
         | 
         | Toyota reminds me of Microsoft when the internet went
         | mainstream. Very slow to respond, but once they got their giant
         | tanker turned in the right direction they were all in. I
         | suspect Toyota will be the same.
        
       | float4 wrote:
       | Toyota already said it was around the corner in 2017[0]. Now it's
       | 2023 and it's still around the corner. I'll believe it when I see
       | it.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2017/07/25/ultraf...
        
         | simbolit wrote:
         | HN really needs an audio player with a certain Run DMC song on
         | loop.
        
           | jansan wrote:
           | I did not know there is a song from Run DMC called "Two more
           | weeks".
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | > Toyota already said it was around the corner...
         | 
         | One of those "corners" that are more like a telephone pole that
         | we keep going around.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | > In another five years, and if a report in a Japanese
         | newspaper is to be believed, Toyota will have the key
         | technology for wide-spread adoption of battery-electric
         | vehicles: Solid-state batteries with twice the range of today's
         | EVs, while charging only in minutes.
         | 
         | Well, it's six years now, but that doesn't seem that much of a
         | delay?
        
           | simondotau wrote:
           | Toyota are still saying it's five years away. So that's a
           | minimum of eleven years.
        
             | labster wrote:
             | But why get a battery car when fusion cars are just 20
             | years away?
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | About every 3 years[1], Toyota comes around to say they have
           | a new battery tech coming out in about 3 years.
           | 
           | I wish this was a stupid meme, but apparently this is more
           | reality than meme.
           | 
           | [1]: https://hardware.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=22960448&c
           | id=6...
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Well, it 's six years now, but that doesn't seem that much
           | of a delay?_
           | 
           | If Tesla can work that way, why can't Toyota?
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | Tesla also released the Model Y 4 years ago and now it may
             | outsell the Corolla this year. What do the waitlist and
             | sales for the RAV4 or Prius Primes look like?
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | They announced the Cybertruck that year and they still
               | haven't delivered one, and ditto for the new Roadster 2
               | years prior. Tesla has demonstrated that long development
               | cycles aren't bad, especially when creating a new tech
               | (the Model Y is built on the Model 3 platform)
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | Weird how the largest pandemic in 100 years, supply chain
               | issues, and huge demand for the Model Y made changing
               | plans a good idea. That is what competent leaders do;
               | make decisions in the best interest of the company,
               | rather than adhere to arbitrary timelines. Maybe they
               | should be making decisions like Toyota instead.
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | Perhaps pay attention to the topic of the thread, and not
               | treat every Tesla discussion as an opportunity to prove
               | your loyalty and defend the honor of Elon. We are
               | literally discussing the idea that Toyota can take their
               | time to get something right, because Tesla has done the
               | same thing, to great success.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | likely referring to cybertuck, tesla semi, actual FSD,
               | and all the other promises from musk that were "next
               | year"
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | When things like the pandemic and disrupted supply chains
               | happen, companies sometimes need to move in a different
               | direction than planned. Or is Tesla's massive growth in
               | the last few years and sales numbers not enough to
               | convince you they might actually know what they are
               | doing? Successful companies don't adhere to arbitrary
               | announcements and timelines; they change plans when
               | necessary.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | The world was hungry for EVs; Tesla had products to sell.
               | As other options become available, their lead has
               | shrinked over time.
        
               | sgarman wrote:
               | It did outsell the Corolla, it was the 2 most popular car
               | sold in America only behind the Ford F150 which has been
               | number one for FORTY YEARS.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | Nobody can cure America's fetish for TRUCKS =)
        
           | TheRealSteel wrote:
           | The Tesla Model 3 has been out for six years. Toyota could
           | release this tomorrow and still have alot of catching up to
           | do.
        
             | sieabahlpark wrote:
             | Not really? Mileage is probably the single largest thing
             | people care about. If they never have to go to a charger
             | and can just do it at home then it's a win.
             | 
             | Getting an EV with 200 miles that effectively is 120 is a
             | joke. I couldn't even drive to and from work comfortably
             | with that.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > Not really? Mileage is probably the single largest
               | thing people care about.
               | 
               | And yet in lots of places we are 30% of total market and
               | its growing.
               | 
               | Mileage isn't actually that important because most people
               | don't actually need it very much.
               | 
               | Yes, if Tesla had some uber mileage car that would be
               | nice, but that's not actually where the main market
               | competition and limits are.
        
               | mowse_winded wrote:
               | Range is find, if charging time was equivalent to filling
               | up a gas tank and if EV chargers were as common as gas
               | stations.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | My EV has a WLTP of 300km. I can count with my fingers
               | the times I've had to stop to charge it during my regular
               | life. Half of those were just this month because I'm on
               | my summer holiday.
               | 
               | All other times the car is sitting and charging while I'm
               | doing non-driving things anyway.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | If you daily drive 60 miles (or more) each way to work,
               | you might want to consider your life choices and what
               | they represent. If nothing else, recognize that you're a
               | far, far outlier and that technology and policy choices
               | are not likely to be built around your needs &
               | preferences.
        
       | exhilaration wrote:
       | I've been seeing a lot of articles like this. I feel like Toyota
       | is planting these stories to encourage its customers to wait for
       | its EVs. After all, why would anyone want a 300 mile EV when
       | these hypothetical vaporware "745 mile" EVs are around the
       | corner?
        
         | pramsey wrote:
         | This is the most true-to-myself comment I've seen so far. I've
         | only ever bought Toyota cars, but my next car will be an EV and
         | Toyota's offerings are... subpar, and barely there. I trust
         | Toyota build quality and manufacturing, but my current vehicle
         | is probably going to need replacing before they have a proven,
         | large volume native EV on the market. They waited too long.
        
         | simondotau wrote:
         | I'm starting to wonder if the "745 mile" claim is actually
         | admission of technical failure. Think about it. If their
         | battery really does have that capacity and can "charge in 10
         | minutes" then why not a battery half or even a quarter the
         | capacity?
         | 
         | Perhaps this battery's maximum rate of discharge is so low that
         | such a massively oversized pack is needed to get sufficient
         | momentary power to the electric motors?
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | I've been wondering the same. I'd be fine with a 350 mile
           | range vehicle - it would cover more than 99.9% of all of my
           | trips. It would be cheaper since presumably it would only
           | need less than 1/2 of the batteries required to go 745 miles
           | and also it would make the vehicle lighter. Not a lot of
           | people actually need a vehicle capable of going 745 miles on
           | a charge - most gas cars only go 400 to 500 miles on a tank
           | of gas currently.
        
           | justapassenger wrote:
           | You're overthinking it. Range is main thing people worry
           | about, especially ones with no EV experience (which is
           | majority of the world). Big range is how to you get
           | headlines.
        
             | bastawhiz wrote:
             | That doesn't really matter if the car is ludicrously
             | expensive or the battery takes up too much space (or
             | something else, like it's prone to bulging or spontaneous
             | combustion). People don't worry about those things with
             | today's EVs because they aren't problems. I have three EVs
             | and no amount of range would overcome certain downsides.
        
               | justapassenger wrote:
               | You sound exactly like anti-EV people. I don't need EV,
               | it'll be too expensive, etc, etc.
               | 
               | Toyota, at least historicity, is targeting mass market,
               | where they can make affordable and reliable car. Current
               | EV works for you? Great! But it doesn't for many others.
               | 
               | I have EV and PHEV, and I won't abandon my PHEV (big car)
               | till battery is significantly better - I need a second
               | big car, with a big range, that comes without any
               | asterisks.
        
             | realusername wrote:
             | Yes, people have a very warped idea on how far they are
             | actually traveling and focus on range at all costs.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | If you've actually driven an EV, you realize mileage is a
               | crock of shit so getting 700 miles actually means you can
               | not worry.
               | 
               | * You can't use the bottom 10% without going against
               | recommendations
               | 
               | * You shouldn't charge above 85-90% to avoid going
               | against recommendations
               | 
               | * If you drive over 65 mph, the drain is above average.
               | 
               | * If you tow a trailer, your range is halved.
               | 
               | * If you install a little storage roof rack, you lose
               | 20-30% of range
               | 
               | * You experience 10% battery degradation in the first
               | couple years of ownership.
               | 
               | * 20% loss to cold weather (Thanks to a comment for this
               | one)
               | 
               | I really don't want a reply to this comment to be
               | "Well...gas engines..."
        
               | mcswell wrote:
               | Most of those problems are _exactly_ the same with ICE
               | engines. You may not _want_ that comment, but it 's true.
               | 
               | Except the roof rack one is bogus. I installed the cross
               | bars of a roof rack on my Bolt EUV (it came with the
               | rails), and afaict it affected my mileage not at all. I
               | still get 320 to 330 estimated miles (against the EPA's
               | 247 estimated miles).
               | 
               | And the don't charge above 85--90% one is bogus too;
               | there's talk about that on forums, but the manufacturer
               | says nothing about it.
               | 
               | And I wouldn't want to go below 10% on a gas powered car
               | either...
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | I'm open to you explaining how those ice issues are the
               | same instead of just saying they are.
               | 
               | Running your car to zero fuel may potentially damage your
               | fuel pump while running your Tesla or electric car to 0%
               | constantly will completely destroy the battery. Much more
               | expensive issue. Someone can easily bring you a small
               | Jerry can of gas if you run out while it's day near
               | impossible to do the same thing for an electric car.
               | It'll need to be towed.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | I'm just going by the statistics, where I live (France),
               | half of the workers are living less than 12km from their
               | workplace.
               | 
               | Right now, electric cars have improved and the ones being
               | sold are in the 300km battery range.
               | 
               | That's already overkill for most of the normal usage.
               | People have a warped idea on how they are using their car
               | and think they are doing way longer trips than the
               | statistics tells you.
               | 
               | I'm using an EV myself and I changed nothing to my
               | behavior, everything is alright.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | The problem is that here in the US, the chance of making
               | a 200 mile trip 10-20x in 3-5 years is high and no one
               | here wants to deal with getting a rental or special car
               | just to do that.
               | 
               | We like our road trips and while they're rare, they're
               | important and we don't want to rent or have a second car
               | in order to do that.
               | 
               | EVs need to be comparable with gas cars in realistic
               | scenarios and that means a real 3-400 miles. Not 400
               | miles but with a giant list of can't do's
        
               | Tagbert wrote:
               | My gasoline car doesn't get 400mi of range. Most modern
               | EVs easily get 200 miles. Only a fraction of people will
               | tow a boat or camper.
               | 
               | Once you drive an EV you realize that the range is less
               | of a concern than you though it would be.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | I had one from 2019 till a few months ago and I never
               | really shook the anxiety and I live in SoCal where there
               | were chargers coming out of my ears. I think the anxiety
               | is mostly there unless you own a home or garage where you
               | can charge nightly.
        
               | revscat wrote:
               | It's either get off fossil fuels or die.
        
               | charrondev wrote:
               | Then we'll die if we can't innovate fast enough.
               | 
               | The last couple of decades have shown what happens if you
               | warn people about some imperceptible (to them) danger and
               | tell them sacrifice personally, even in minor ways, to
               | stave it off.
               | 
               | Frighteningly little happens. The change that does happen
               | has been frequently coming in on a wave of technical
               | innovation making greener options superior to old ones.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | I'm well aware. The masses have to believe that though
        
               | Eldandan wrote:
               | Everything here is accurate. I still chose an EV because
               | I can deal with the caveats, but this helps clarify to me
               | why others wouldn't want to bother. This doesn't even
               | mention access to charging; much easier for homeowners to
               | justify an EV.
               | 
               | One thing though:
               | 
               | > You shouldn't charge above 85-90% to avoid going
               | against recommendations
               | 
               | Daily driving this doesn't matter much. Longer drives you
               | can charge to 100% as long as you depart within a
               | reasonable time frame of say within 6 hours, probably
               | longer. More annoying is the charging curve after 80% at
               | fast charging stations. In my experience you usually
               | won't want to spend the time to get that last 20% unless
               | absolutely necessary.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm not hating at all on EVs. Just saying that a
               | 700 mile battery would assuage a lot of fears. I owned a
               | Tesla from 2019 till a few months ago. I got bored and
               | sold it for a profit and got myself an old LX470.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | you forgot about the up to 20%? degradation in the cold
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | Great point. That's another one.
        
               | dataflow wrote:
               | I think the heat also causes problems too?
               | https://blog.carvana.com/2023/04/preventing-ev-battery-
               | degra...
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | > Perhaps this battery's maximum rate of discharge is so low
           | 
           | If someone invented a battery great in all dimensions except
           | a low discharge rate, it would just be paired with a regular
           | lithium battery to provide brief bursts of power for
           | acceleration.
           | 
           | In fact, thats the way most fuel cell vehicles work (fuel
           | cells are expensive, so you use one as small as possible and
           | use it at full power all the time, storing any excess in a
           | regular battery)
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | Yep, this is an excellent point: if you could get that sort
           | of range, then most of the market would happily buy about a
           | 1/4 of that provided the price was similarly much lower.
        
       | panick21_ wrote:
       | Ah Toyota and its 10 year quest claiming that amazing next
       | generation batteries are just around the corner and that they
       | make their EV best in class from 1 day to another.
        
       | villgax wrote:
       | Absolutely love this progress
        
       | kbos87 wrote:
       | How many people are regularly driving more than 300 miles without
       | stopping for 30-45 minutes anyway? I guess this does step around
       | the need for more charging infrastructure, but it seems like most
       | range anxiety is pretty misinformed at this point.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | What I think people feel about range anxiety is a combination
         | of several internalizations:
         | 
         | - battery-powered toys run out of power at inconvenient times;
         | that's our benchmark
         | 
         | - gasoline fuel stations are everywhere, and we know it takes
         | 5-10 minutes for everything to be completed
         | 
         | - we can't afford to have a second vehicle just for long-range
         | trips, so our annual longest trip is what we think about.
         | Adding 30 minutes to every 10 minute stop might or might not be
         | a problem
         | 
         | - we've all had the experience of waking up a little late,
         | needing to get somewhere immediately, and then realizing that
         | we need to fuel the car -- and that makes us 5 minutes late. If
         | the equivalent makes us 35 minutes late, that's not acceptable
         | 
         | - in five years, is this car going to be undrivable because the
         | batteries only hold half as much charge? Is it going to be
         | worth much less because it needs a new $10K battery pack?
         | 
         | But the number one reason why people aren't buying electric
         | cars is the same reason they aren't buying new cars: too damn
         | expensive. US passenger car sales peaked in 1986. In 2018 they
         | were lower than any year since 1951, and they have sunk even
         | lower in every year since.
         | 
         | 1951 car sales: 5.3 million
         | 
         | 1986 car sales: 11.4 million
         | 
         | 2018 car sales: 5.3 million
         | 
         | 2022 car sales: 2.86 million
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | Your final statistic is the most damning, especially given
           | there are (officially) 43% more people living in the USA
           | today than in 1986.
           | 
           | Also, I don't think the point of comparison is battery-
           | powered toys. People have experience with electric tools (I
           | can't even vacuum my living room properly and with good
           | conscience with the meager battery life the top-of-line
           | battery vacuums offer!) which is probably a fairer
           | comparison.
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Your list of fears is very true, but not all of them are an
           | actual problem in practice.
           | 
           | BEVs report remaining battery _very_ reliably, and keep going
           | even at 1% (way better than all your gadgets). But you 're
           | very unlikely to even get a close call, because you plan
           | charging stops before you leave (good EVs plan them
           | automatically).
           | 
           | DC rapid chargers can add 50 miles of range in 5 minutes
           | (nearly empty batteries charge fastest). 5min emergency on a
           | 1h drive doesn't seem too bad. Traffic adds more uncertainty.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | Also if you run out of petrol or diesel far from a station,
           | you can get road services or someone else (yourself?) to haul
           | a couple gallons over and get going.
           | 
           | You can even just pump some out of a passing car if you have
           | a long enough hose and lungs.
           | 
           | Now I've never owned an EV and I suspect there is a way to
           | use one car as a charger for another, in which case the
           | latter becomes less of a point the more EVs are on the road.
           | OTOH I imagine it would still take quite a while longer to
           | get enough charge to drive to the nearest charging point than
           | it does to transfer a little liquid fuel though.
        
             | belltaco wrote:
             | Mobile charging services are already a thing
             | 
             | https://insideevs.com/news/449438/sparkcharge-shark-tank-
             | dea...
        
           | stirbot wrote:
           | Do you have a source for those numbers? They don't agree with
           | the Fed's statistics:
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ALTSALES
        
             | dsr_ wrote:
             | here's what I used:
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/199974/us-car-sales-
             | sinc...
        
       | SyzygistSix wrote:
       | So the Model Y is beginning to outsell the Corolla but Toyota is
       | just going to wait until 2027 to launch this for reasons? Because
       | they are so awesome they don't mind other companies eating their
       | lunch? That isn't believable.
        
         | Simulacra wrote:
         | EVs are coming and we must adjust.
        
           | SyzygistSix wrote:
           | Someone should tell the Japanese auto industry. They didn't
           | get the memo.
        
         | throwaway5959 wrote:
         | Toyota has one BEV and it's a joke. Look it up. We'll wait.
        
           | SyzygistSix wrote:
           | And that is unlikely to change any time soon not because they
           | just want to wait for 2027 for unknown reasons despite
           | massive demand for EVs and PHEVs that they still can't make
           | in large numbers.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | > for reasons
         | 
         | Because they don't actually have the technology and the
         | manufacturing figured out and this is just marketing.
        
       | tyronehed wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | cbmuser wrote:
       | >>Toyota has been secretly developing a solid-state battery for
       | EVs with a range of 745 miles and a charge time of 10 minutes,
       | which could revolutionize the industry.<<
       | 
       | If you charge a battery with anything near the capacity necessary
       | for 1200 km range within ten minutes, you will need at least a
       | charger with 1000 kW (1 MW) output power.
       | 
       | For perspective: The two new units at Vogtle Nuclear Power Plant
       | have 1100 MW each.
       | 
       | Where do people expect the necessary charging power to come from?
        
         | mike_hock wrote:
         | Presumably from the same place all the lithium and the
         | necessary infrastructure upgrades would come from (even for
         | "regular" EVs).
         | 
         | Maybe Toyota has wised up to the game after getting backlash
         | for commenting honestly on its realistic strategies.
         | 
         | In 2023, we want vaporware that promises to fix climate change
         | by emitting 6x as much CO2 during production, but don't worry,
         | it'll break even with ICEs after a mileage that the battery
         | will never get to.
        
           | myko wrote:
           | > it'll break even with ICEs after a mileage that the battery
           | will never get to
           | 
           | Generally EVs get to 15-20k miles without issue, which is the
           | break even point on the optimistic side:
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-
           | transportation/when-d...
           | 
           | Even ~40-80k (the high estimate for break even) isn't that
           | many miles / doesn't take long to achieve.
           | 
           | There's been a lot of FUD recently about EVs being more
           | damaging to the climate than ICE, please correct it when you
           | see it.
        
         | tuukkah wrote:
         | Not everyone will be rapid charging at the same time, and the
         | grid will spread the load geographically. Megawatt-scale rapid
         | charging already exists for some e-buses that can be charged in
         | minutes at the terminus while passengers get off and on.
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | > Where do people expect the necessary charging power to come
         | from?
         | 
         | For a given size of EV fleet and usage amount it doesn't matter
         | if they charge quickly or slowly from your power plants point
         | of view, higher power charging means there is correspondingly
         | fewer cars charging concurrently since they finish quicker.
        
         | clouddrover wrote:
         | > _If you charge a battery with anything near the capacity
         | necessary for 1200 km range within ten minutes, you will need
         | at least a charger with 1000 kW (1 MW) output power._
         | 
         | Or you could just charge it at 500 kW for 20 minutes.
         | 
         | Chargers out perform the batteries at present. No current
         | passenger EV can sustain 350 kW across the whole charge curve.
         | 
         | If Toyota's battery will sustain a flat 500 kW or even a flat
         | 350 kW for most of the charge curve then that's a very good
         | thing.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | You could use some kind of buffer; another battery. There are
         | already a few companies out there working on MW+ chargers.
         | Mostly they are aimed at trucks and buses. But the technology
         | is there.
         | 
         | The peak load is clearly not coming from the grid. One issue
         | would be that that power is relatively expensive. Using that
         | kind of is a last resort. Instead you'd want a lot of on site
         | battery that can provide lots of power quickly and can soak up
         | power from nearby solar panels, or cheap night time grid power.
         | Easy to say because that is already how a lot of fast chargers
         | work. If you operate these commercially, ensuring access to
         | cheap power is key.
         | 
         | Also, just because people buy bigger batteries doesn't mean
         | they actually drive more or use more kwh. It just means they
         | can spread out their charging a bit more. Which means fast
         | chargers would be something they would need to use less.
         | 
         | With a battery that large, you'd almost never run out as
         | driving that kind of distance on a single day would be very
         | rare for most people. And honestly the few times you actually
         | do that, take some breaks.
         | 
         | This charging pattern is of course already the case for EVs
         | with far smaller batteries. Most EV owners rely more on
         | overnight slow charging than fast charging. With a battery that
         | big you might get away with never having to use a fast charger
         | at all.
        
         | serpix wrote:
         | From a battery bank that is charged at constant rate which
         | discharges at 1MW.
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | Rapid chargers are primarily a psychological safety net.
         | Prospective EV owners really worry about them, but EV owners
         | rarely use them. You might take a road trip once a year, but
         | the average driver covers less than 40 miles per day. The
         | normal overnight charging that represents the vast majority of
         | EV power consumption is actively beneficial to the grid by
         | providing demand smoothing; the marginal cost of a kWh falls if
         | someone is willing to buy super-off-peak power at 2am.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | Superchargers are almost always full where I'm from, even in
           | shopping malls. I'm sure they'd be even more commonly used if
           | more of them existed. People just know they can't rely on
           | them yet in the same way they rely on finding a gas station
        
         | DangerousPie wrote:
         | Who says you need to charge it in 10 minutes? Plug it in
         | overnight or while you're in the office and suddenly this
         | becomes a lot less of an issue. Sure, if you're going on a 1500
         | mile road trip and need to charge on the way you'll have a
         | problem, but I doubt that's a very common use case.
        
           | troupo wrote:
           | > Plug it in overnight or while you're in the office and
           | suddenly this becomes a lot less of an issue.
           | 
           | I live in an apartment building that has no charging
           | infrastructure.
           | 
           | Many people work from home.
           | 
           | If everyone charges at the same time, you still have issues
           | with "where will all this power come from"?
        
             | glogla wrote:
             | If you live in an apartment and often work from home, you
             | probably don't drive hundred miles every day, and as such
             | don't need to charge the car very often.
             | 
             | I did the math for myself, and with how far and how often I
             | go places, I would need to charge a 400 km range Hyundai
             | Kona about once every two to three weeks.
             | 
             | I do have pretty favorable conditions, though (and mostly
             | continue to use the bus).
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > If you live in an apartment and often work from home,
               | you probably don't drive hundred miles every day
               | 
               | But people who work in offices do?
               | 
               | > you probably don't drive hundred miles every day, and
               | as such don't need to charge the car very often.
               | 
               | The question of "where to charge a car" remains.
               | 
               | > I would need to charge a 400 km range Hyundai Kona
               | about once every two to three weeks.
               | 
               | Let's say I have the same math. Where would I charge the
               | car?
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | YMMV, but for me as someone who can't charge at home, the
               | options are:
               | 
               | * Charge at work (1-3kW so not always enough to fill
               | battery, and chargers need to be shared some days... But
               | my commute isn't long enough that I'd need a full charge
               | every day)
               | 
               | * While shopping at the grocery store (some by me have
               | free charging, especially if you shop at non-peak times)
               | 
               | * There's a few chargers attached to lampposts on my
               | street. $2/hr at 7kW, so cheaper for me than gas.
               | Sometimes these are ICE'd out, but parking enforcement in
               | my city recently got the ability to enforce EV-only
               | parking spots
               | 
               | * Public library (free). There used to be some issues
               | with vagrants but less so since the library got a
               | security guard
               | 
               | * Movie theater
               | 
               | * Mall (the problem is that these are 350kW chargers, so
               | the car is probably full too quickly to do any shopping)
               | 
               | * Most of my long drives are to visit family, so they
               | usually have a 120v plug I can use. If you're in a place
               | where the standard voltage is higher, this is even more
               | viable. And there's plenty of 350kW chargers along the
               | freeways.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | So we're talking about people who live in an apartment,
               | yet far from work or in place with bad public transport
               | so they need a long drive to work? I'm not going to claim
               | people like that don't exist, but is it a common use
               | case?
               | 
               | For me, I have paid charging station right in front of my
               | building, because the electric company recently added
               | charging to all local substations. But for myself I would
               | probably charge the car at free charging places in one of
               | the nearby grocery stores, I usually stop there like once
               | a week anyway. We're also trying to get our employer to
               | enable charging in the office garage, but it's dragging a
               | bit. The larger shopping mall I visit with friends for
               | cinema also has free charging for customers.
               | 
               | It's not that many places, and people in countryside or
               | suburbia who can charge EVs with free electricity from
               | solar panels have it easier, but since people in who live
               | apartments are probably covered by public transport or
               | can bike or whatever, and as such don't really need to
               | drive ever day, I'm not convinced charging EVs is not
               | solved problem right now. We'll see how it scales up.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > So we're talking about people who live in an apartment,
               | yet far from work or in place with bad public transport
               | so they need a long drive to work?
               | 
               | No, we're not. We're talking about electric cars. I mean,
               | come on. It's not even ten replies above: "Who says you
               | need to charge it in 10 minutes? Plug it in overnight or
               | while you're in the office and suddenly this becomes a
               | lot less of an issue."
               | 
               | > For me, I have paid charging station right in front of
               | my building, because the electric company recently added
               | charging to all local substations. But for myself I would
               | probably charge the car at free charging places in one of
               | the nearby grocery stores
               | 
               | I live in a suburb of 50 000 people, we have about twenty
               | charging stations in total.
               | 
               | > but since people in who live apartments are probably
               | covered by public transport or can bike or whatever, and
               | as such don't really need to drive ever day, I'm not
               | convinced charging EVs is not solved problem right now.
               | 
               | So, the question of how I would charge my EV still
               | remains.
        
               | mleo wrote:
               | > I live in a suburb of 50 000 people, we have about
               | twenty charging stations in total.
               | 
               | The infrastructure will get built in time as there is a
               | greater need for it. Within my city of 40,00 there are
               | probably over 100 charging stations. Though we are next
               | to a larger metropolitan area. Most all have been added
               | in last 4 years.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I'm sure there are plenty of people who are currently in
               | a situation where charging an EV would be problematic.
               | I'm also certain that more charging infrastructure will
               | continue to be built it over time. There should be fewer
               | and fewer people with this problem as time goes by.
        
               | dev_tty01 wrote:
               | Actually, in US suburbia, a big portion of the population
               | is living in an apartment with poor access to public
               | transit. I look around all the many places I've lived and
               | see huge apartment complexes with little access to
               | transit. Transit has not caught up with urban sprawl in
               | most places.
               | 
               | As far as EVs, if one is in an apartment with no charging
               | infrastructure and have a relatively long daily commute,
               | and poor charging access at the worksite, an EV is just a
               | bad choice. If there is good charging at work, and the
               | commute is short enough, then an apartment can work but
               | it is still inconvenient to have an EV if you can't
               | charge it while sleeping.
               | 
               | I think eventually more and more apartment owners are
               | going to start using charging infrastructure as a
               | marketing tool so perhaps it will get better over time.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | I'll admit I'm a bit surprised by "apartment in
               | suburbia". Of US I have only seen few places. I thought
               | most people either live in a house in the endless
               | featureless landscape of suburban New Jersey or in
               | Brooklyn apartment or whatever - and the former can
               | charge in their driveway and the latter can just mostly
               | use the subway and citibike.
               | 
               | Anyway my assumption was that someone would likely either
               | have a driveway or a public transport. But I'm sure there
               | are places that have neither - I'm just not sure how
               | common that is.
        
         | ezekiel68 wrote:
         | So, you're telling me we can have 1100 of these cars charging
         | at any one time on that grid. Super!
        
         | glogla wrote:
         | Your comment can be interpreted two ways.
         | 
         | If you're asking "where do we get the power plants", that is a
         | valid concern, especially as we want to get rid of coal power
         | plants at the same time.
         | 
         | But ultimately it is not that much power - I did a back of the
         | envelope calculation for my country and converting annual
         | vehicle-miles driven into kWh with average EV efficiency ended
         | up adding 11 % increase in electricity consumption.
         | 
         | Not sure how it stacks up with other countries, and yes, we
         | need more and cleaner power, but 11 % increase is not
         | insurmountable problem.
         | 
         | If you're asking "how does that much power gets places",
         | electric trains routinely run as much power. My city runs
         | hundreds of trams that take over 700 kW each, and full power
         | electric locomotive usually takes about 5 MW. The grid already
         | knows how to handle it.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Also, plenty of power plants are 500 Megawatts+.
           | 
           | 1 Megawatt really isn't that much.
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | > Where do people expect the necessary charging power to come
         | from?
         | 
         | Unknown. An interesting data point, however: Tesla's "V4"
         | charger uses liquid cooled (!) conductors to supply 1KA at 1KV;
         | 1MW.
         | 
         | I can't explain where they're getting that supply, but
         | apparently they're doing it.
        
           | jtc331 wrote:
           | Liquid cooled charging cables is pretty standard for high
           | speed DC fast chargers already. When that cooling is broken
           | at an Electrify America charger, for example, charging is
           | limited to something around 50kW.
        
             | simondotau wrote:
             | Liquid cooling is indeed commonplace among DC fast charging
             | systems. The Tesla V3 supercharger cable is also liquid
             | cooled. The novel aspect of the Tesla V4 supercharger cable
             | is that the conductors are directly immersed in the
             | coolant.
             | 
             | https://eepower.com/uploads/articles/image5_10.png
        
           | clouddrover wrote:
           | > _Tesla 's "V4" charger uses liquid cooled (!) conductors to
           | supply 1KA at 1KV; 1MW_
           | 
           | Does it? Can you show me a public Tesla charger that delivers
           | 1 megawatt?
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | But they'll be using 1000Kw for 10 minutes rather than 150 for
         | an hour.
         | 
         | Apart from a little less efficiency from the fast charging -
         | there's just as much total much power being used as if slow
         | charging.
        
           | thebears5454 wrote:
           | I think you mean there's as much energy being used.
           | 
           | There's clearly more power.
        
             | tuukkah wrote:
             | As much energy per time (say 24h), hence as much power.
             | This is assuming the grid spreads the load geographically
             | (not all the chargers at one place) and not everyone is
             | rapid charging their car at the same time (impossible since
             | there won't be enough rapid chargers).
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | "hence as much power" => "hence as much _average_ power "
        
               | tuukkah wrote:
               | Under the assumptions, power equals average power (to a
               | margin). It would be a huge mistake to try to build the
               | grid to withstand the power of all existing electric
               | devices at the same time, as the probability of such a
               | situation is 0.
        
           | cool_dude85 wrote:
           | The utility infrastructure to support 150 kW for an hour is
           | much cheaper than 1 MW for 10 minutes. And at these scales
           | the utility will be passing the costs directly on to the
           | customer. No possible way it will be allowed at a residential
           | location.
        
             | tuukkah wrote:
             | Rapid charging is not typically needed at houses (you can
             | charge while you sleep), but if you want one, you can have
             | another, stationary battery that charges slowly when you
             | are sleeping or not at home. When you rapid charge your
             | car, the energy does not come from the grid but from this
             | second battery.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | Price me out a 150 kWh battery that can discharge at 1 MW
               | for a reasonable number of cycles and get back to me.
        
               | tuukkah wrote:
               | Well, isn't it the same one as in the car?
        
       | gpapilion wrote:
       | Everyone time I read a low charge time, the thing that comes to
       | mind is the ability of the charging cable to carry that much
       | power that quickly. Minimally that means you're delivering 6x the
       | electricity (2x the amount and 3x as fast). I'm assuming the
       | charging is pretty efficient, so you have to scale up the
       | charger, and a bunch of issues start coming up. For this reason I
       | think 10m charge times are bs.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | There's a Starbucks I frequent where the drive through is on
         | the same side of the building as the electrical service (!?)
         | and every time I'm waiting for coffee I look at the multiple
         | 2-3 inch conduits and think what kind of equipment are they
         | running in there? They share a building with another business
         | that I don't think would put a dent in the power usage for the
         | building, unless they have a server room I don't know about.
         | 
         | I could run a class 2 charger at my house and that's only a 1"
         | conduit, but those take half a dozen hours to deliver that
         | current. You're gonna need a lot more shielding.
        
           | gpapilion wrote:
           | Class 2 would be 9 to 10 kw. For reference 33 kw is around
           | requires cables in the us roughly 1 - 3/4 inch conduit. Each
           | piece of equipment requires its own circuit so you likely
           | have multiple circuits in the conduit depending on code. All
           | that said commercial cooking and refrigeration require a lot
           | of power.
           | 
           | Going back to charging, for a circuit the size this would
           | likely need your be looking at something with at least 3 1
           | inch wires, and would be at least 2.5 inches in diameter when
           | packaged. It likely needs cooling too which means even more
           | diameter.
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | I think we will see solid state battery's in portables (Phones,
       | Laptops) long before we see them in cars. The yield required,
       | cooling, structural integrity, is all very hard to solve.
       | Starting on a smaller scale for the significantly larger per unit
       | market seems to me to make more sense.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | I can only imagine the horrific explosion that would occur if
       | this battery fails catastrophically.
        
         | samwillis wrote:
         | I imagine fairly similar to what happens with a gas/petrol
         | vehicle, similar amount of energy to release. Maybe with a
         | bunch more toxic fumes...
        
         | clouddrover wrote:
         | Solid state batteries tend to be safer than other batteries.
         | 
         | Here is ProLogium's solid state battery failing to fail after
         | it's been shot with a bullet:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOubFHO1I3o
         | 
         | Here is Ionic Materials' solid state battery failing to fail
         | after it's been cut with scissors:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9-cNNYb1Ik
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This is important, and the sources are terrible. The Guardian had
       | an article over two weeks ago with essentially the same
       | information.[1] There's no press release from Toyota on batteries
       | this month.[2]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jul/04/toyota-
       | clai...
       | 
       | [2] https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/
        
       | taminka wrote:
       | > For those who prefer metric, that's a range of 1200 kilometers
       | and a charge time of six hectoseconds
       | 
       | my brother in christ, literally the entire world not only prefers
       | metric, but it's the only one we know
       | 
       | like, i don't mind seeing miles, esp given that it's a US
       | publication, and i already pretty much automatically convert from
       | miles to km in my head, but please be humble with your silly
       | system :)
        
       | a6 wrote:
       | For anyone interested in solid-state battery usage, Mercedes-Benz
       | has already released vehicles with such batteries to customers,
       | even as far back as 2021 [0].
       | 
       | [0] - https://www.electrive.com/2021/12/20/mercedes-buses-with-
       | sol...
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | No they have not. This is just a total misunderstanding of the
         | technologies involved. Sadly for dumb marketing reasons 'solid
         | state' has become the terms that is used, but that is the wrong
         | term. The actual reason why 'solid state' was important is
         | because people believe lithium metal anodes would only be
         | possible with solid state. When we are talking about next
         | generation 'solid state' we actually mean 'next generation li-
         | ion batteries with lithium metal anode'.
         | 
         | The 'solid state' technology in buses that is talked about in
         | that article is a totally different thing. That tech has been
         | known to exist for a long time and is a totally different
         | technology that has nothing to do with the hype around 'solid
         | state'. Its 'lithium-polymer' that as a far narrower
         | application and isn't all that interesting and certainly not
         | some amazing next generation battery.
         | 
         | This is a sad issue in battery marketing world where people mix
         | up what these technologies actually mean.
        
       | Veedrac wrote:
       | I'm shocked at how seriously people are taking the 745 mile
       | statistic, as if EVs were like rockets, range set at the limit of
       | physical feasibility, rather than market-led compromises between
       | range, power, weight, and price. If you develop a fancy new high-
       | density, high-power battery, the market optima sits at a smaller
       | battery. This holds true at least until the market is saturated.
        
       | SeanLuke wrote:
       | > Toyota's Lackluster EV History Makes This A Surprise
       | 
       | Indeed. In fact from the article it would appear to be vaporware
       | with no hard evidence at all.
        
       | mcswell wrote:
       | From the article: "solid-state batteries... don't do well in cold
       | weather, tend to weaken quickly after repeatedly getting charged
       | and drained, are particularly costly... Toyota...said it may have
       | solved the range and battery weight problems."
       | 
       | Problems are A, B, C, and D, and Toyota solved X and Y. What
       | gives?
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Would wait till a product comes out as there is a new revolution
       | a day for ev batt
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | > Toyota claims it will be ready for sale in 2027 or 2028
       | 
       | Should be the first, last, and, honestly, single line of the
       | discussion. We need those battery breakthrough yesterday, and
       | we're still stuck with press releases and misleading car ranges.
       | 
       | I'll give all the credit due as soon as I can aford a car that
       | let me drive the 500km of highway separating my house from my
       | mom's with less than 2 charges. For all those who're readying to
       | chant the gospel of Elon and tout the range of they model W,
       | noticed how I used the word "afford".
       | 
       | And I'm a f-ing software engineer with the purchasing power of at
       | least two people with a real job - and those two people would not
       | mind getting an EV to get to their real jobs, too.
       | 
       | The clock is ticking, people are working hard, in the end the
       | laws will force the car manufacturers to do what the market could
       | not - but damn, in the meantime, am I tired of press releases...
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | I bought a Nissan leaf in 2020 with 225 miles range for approx
         | 20,000 USD...
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Toyota has been researching this solid state batteries for
         | years. I saw a post here (or many on the EV subreddit?) with a
         | timeline showing how in 2018 Toyota was claiming they'd be
         | selling cars with 700 miles of range by 2023.
         | 
         | But in the non-fantasy version of 2023, they're selling EVs
         | with weird tradeoffs, like how the bz4x AWD version has a worse
         | charging experience than the RWD
        
       | simondotau wrote:
       | It seems there's news of a battery breakthrough every week. I've
       | learned to temper expectations, because so many "breakthroughs"
       | turn out to be dead ends. Because it's not enough for a battery
       | to be incredibly light, or made of abundant materials, or last
       | for ten thousand cycles. It needs to be good at many things and
       | at least _okay_ at most things.
       | 
       | E.g.--
       | 
       | * How much capacity per dollar?
       | 
       | * How much capacity per kilogram?
       | 
       | * How much capacity per litre?
       | 
       | * How quickly can it be charged?
       | 
       | * How quickly can it be discharged?
       | 
       | * How much energy is lost between charging and discharging?
       | 
       | * How predisposed is it to catching fire?
       | 
       | * How available are the materials needed to manufacture it?
       | 
       | * How available are the tools/skills required to manufacture it?
       | 
       | * How resilient is it to mechanical stress, e.g. vibration?
       | 
       | * How much does performance degrade per cycle?
       | 
       | * How much does performance degrade when stored at a high state
       | of charge?
       | 
       | * How much does performance degrade when stored at a low state of
       | charge?
       | 
       | * How much does performance drop at high temperatures?
       | 
       | * How much does performance drop at low temperatures?
       | 
       | * How well can it be recycled at end-of-life?
       | 
       | A sufficiently bad answer for any one of these could utterly
       | exclude it from contention as an EV battery. A battery which
       | scores well on everything except mechanical resilience is a non-
       | starter, for example. Though it might be great for stationary
       | storage.
       | 
       | I'm only a layperson and this list is what I came up with just a
       | few minutes of layperson thought. I'm sure someone with more
       | familiarity with battery technology could double the length of
       | this list. But the point is, when you daydream about some
       | hypothetical future battery tech, you need to appreciate just how
       | well today's lithium chemistries score in so many areas.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | > I'm sure someone with more familiarity with battery
         | technology could double the length of this list.
         | 
         | Actually, not really. For one, no serious manufacturer
         | currently even proposes a battery technology if it doesn't meet
         | the most basic of the mentioned criteria.
         | 
         | Secondly, some of these, like storing at a low/high state of
         | charge or high/low temperature performance are nowadays managed
         | by the BMS - models that don't have that are already not
         | competitive. The reason is that energy density already crossed
         | the threshold at which some of the capacity can be spared for
         | this purpose.
         | 
         | To me the more important question to ask than any of these is:
         | is there a process in place to manufacture the batteries at
         | scale?
         | 
         | That is what ultimately makes or breaks an emerging battery
         | technology.
        
           | simondotau wrote:
           | > For one, no serious manufacturer currently even proposes a
           | battery technology if it doesn't meet the most basic of the
           | mentioned criteria.
           | 
           | I don't think Toyota would qualify as a serious manufacturer
           | of battery cells. Has Toyota ever manufactured battery cells
           | before? Not battery packs, but battery cells.
        
             | semi-extrinsic wrote:
             | AFAIU Toyota is the main owner of Primergy EV Energy,
             | together with Panasonic. They have been manufacturing both
             | battery cells and packs for the Prius and other hybrids.
             | They used to mainly make NiMH cells, but I think nowadays
             | mostly Li-ion.
             | 
             | This new battery tech is done in another subsidiary that is
             | also co-owned by Toyota and Panasonic.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | This is the mostly the same kind of partnership as Tesla
               | and Panasonic and people never stopped saying Panasonic
               | is actually making the cells. The actual cell technology
               | is Panasonic and the partnership is about manufacturing.
               | 
               | For Toyota to build up its own end to end manufacturing
               | of battery cells is something quite different.
               | 
               | Its doable, as Tesla has shown, but its not easy.
               | Specially with a new technology.
        
           | sigmoid10 wrote:
           | There's an even bigger issue that noone seems to get apart
           | from Tesla: Is there actually a market for such a battery?
           | Today's EVs can already be used for normal daily commutes
           | without even thinking at all about range anxiety. That covers
           | 95% of all drives for normal people. And the remaining 5% can
           | be covered with some slightly more sophisticated route-
           | planning. Tesla has already come out and said they could make
           | cars that drive twice as far, but there is no real market for
           | that. And since battery resources are a limiting factor that
           | pretty much grow linearly with range, they rather make twice
           | as many cars.
        
             | guidedlight wrote:
             | Places like Australia has some seriously large distances,
             | with some of the most isolated populations on earth.
             | 
             | Sure it's a small market (most Australians live in their
             | state's capital city), but there needs to be some
             | consideration for those that need serious range. The issue
             | is frequently mentioned when talking about banning ICE
             | vehicles.
             | 
             | Toyota Landcruiser's with auxiliary fuel tanks (over 240
             | litres) are the workhorses in outback Australia.
        
               | sigmoid10 wrote:
               | Stuff like this is always brought up. And while it is
               | true in principle, it doesn't change the above statement.
               | Almost 90% of Australians live in cities and average
               | distance driven per day by Australians is 30-40km. There
               | will always be a small, single digit percentage market
               | for long haul transport that needs alternatives. But the
               | mass market doesn't need better EVs. That's why range has
               | stagnated over the past years. Noone is willing to pay
               | twice as much for slightly less inconvenience once every
               | 6 months. Sure, if we had a working breakthrough battery
               | that could deliver twice the performance for the same
               | price it would be great, but in reality it would only be
               | great for about 5% of personal traffic.
        
               | xtracto wrote:
               | In Mexico and Singapore, Nissan introduced the Epower
               | technology which is a hybrid in which the combustion part
               | only serves as generator. All the driving machinery is
               | electrical, and both the mpg and range are great.
               | 
               | In hindsight I think it's an obvious technooogy: the
               | conplexity of the combustion generator is pretty low,
               | doesn't need gearbox, pistols, cylinders and whatnot. And
               | the fuel tank still gives good range NY recharging the
               | battery.
               | 
               | Got a Kicks with this tech, and so far it has been pretty
               | good for both city and the road (5 hr drives to the
               | beach!)
        
               | ianai wrote:
               | Or why can't an EV drive up to a gas station and pick up
               | a towable battery to get to the next stop. I've heard
               | it's done in China.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | It's probably more trouble and cost than it's worth. How
               | many thousands of dollars are you willing to deposit for
               | the use of the battery?
        
               | drewg123 wrote:
               | I like the idea of one-way rentals of towable generators.
               | Think a U-haul like model, where you pick one up at a gas
               | station near your origin, and drop it at your
               | destination. Now if EV makers would just allow charging
               | while driving..
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Every other manufacturer calls this a series hybrid or
               | electric with range-extender.
               | 
               | They have cost challenges - because if you want to drive
               | one at a constant 80 mph on the freeway, you need at
               | least ~50 horsepower of gasoline generator, ~50
               | horsepower of generator ~ 50 horsepower of generator
               | inverter, ~50 horsepower of motor, ~50 horsepower of
               | motor inverter.
               | 
               | Turns out all of that costs and weighs a lot more than
               | just 100 horsepower of gasoline engine for a similar size
               | car.
               | 
               | Cars like the BMW i3 with range extender undersize their
               | gas engine and generator to save money and weight, yet
               | are getting sued because in worst case conditions
               | (driving up a mountain heavily laden), sometimes the car
               | runs out of battery power and has to rely on gasoline
               | alone, leading to a top speed of only 20 mph - not really
               | usable!
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | California has bizarre regulations regarding range
               | extenders.
               | 
               | I also don't see why 50 hp is a good target. The oldest
               | Model S cars can drive on the freeway (at moderate speed)
               | using maybe 25 kW (33 hp). So a 25 kW generator would
               | allow indefinite freeway driving at moderate speed. But
               | almost no one does this except maybe long haul trucks
               | that trade drivers.
               | 
               | IMO the right way to think of it is: a 25 kW generator
               | will almost fully recharge the battery in under 4 hours.
               | If you drive uphill or fast for two hours, and you run
               | that generator, you have an extra 50 kWh. If you want to
               | drive 10 hours ( _shudder_ ), that's an extra 250kWh --
               | you should avoided about three long charging stops, so
               | maybe one actual level 3 stop gets you there even if you
               | drive moderately fast.
               | 
               | And you can stop for the night (or sightseeing or
               | whatever, as long as you park outdoors), and you'll be
               | fully recharged afterwards. I would appreciate a 5kW
               | onboard generator for this purpose!
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Tiny engines (ie. sub 20 horsepower) have pretty poor
               | efficiency, and tend not to meet modern emissions
               | requirements (since they haven't been developed with
               | automotive use in mind).
               | 
               | Nobody is putting much R&D into new engine designs.
               | 
               | Lots of countries have laws saying an engine in a car
               | can't be running without a driver present.
               | 
               | For all those reasons, tiny range extenders on large
               | batteries don't tend to exist.
               | 
               | Instead you get moderate or large range extenders paired
               | with smallish batteries (ie. total range 50 miles). And
               | they still have trouble if you drive fast, heavily laden,
               | up a hill, on a hot day for more than the battery
               | capacity.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | _the conplexity of the combustion generator is pretty
               | low_
               | 
               | To add: you can always run the engine at its most
               | efficient rpm, getting the most out of every liter of
               | fuel.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Yes, but you also have the extra weight of the second
               | engine - and you have to transform that mechanical energy
               | to electricity before the electric engine transforms it
               | back to mechanical energy again, which is lossy. So all
               | in all I think it makes sense for long range/remote
               | areas, but I rather would have a fuel cell as a range
               | extension. (which has its own downsides of course)
        
               | croes wrote:
               | These hybrids totally fail the reason of EVs, to get rid
               | of the CO2 emissions of combustion engines.
        
               | briffle wrote:
               | While it's great to see in a car, this has been the
               | standard technology for locomotives for 70 years.
               | 
               | There are lots of pluses to not having a transmission,
               | and always running your engine in a narrow, tuned, power
               | band
        
               | tln wrote:
               | Pretty sure the engine still has pistons and cylinders :)
               | 
               | Here's a nice page explaining the system -- a serial
               | hybrid. https://www.nissan-
               | global.com/EN/INNOVATION/TECHNOLOGY/ARCHI...
               | 
               | According to the page, you can't plug in these vehicles,
               | is that right?
               | 
               | Chevy Volt was conceptualized as a serial hybrid iirc,
               | but the engine drives the powertrain at higher speeds so
               | it's not a pure serial hybrid. Mazda has a rotary engine
               | based serial hybrid / range extender out or coming out
               | too I believe.
        
               | Olreich wrote:
               | If the only ICE vehicles left are in the outback, we're
               | doing okay.
        
               | KingMob wrote:
               | > If the only ICE vehicles left are in the outback, we're
               | doing okay.
               | 
               | Are you sure? That sounds like Mad Max to me :)
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | My diesel car from 2020 has a 40-ish litre tank and a range
             | of around 500 miles. I just drove back from my holidays
             | yesterday, which took nearly six hours, including three
             | stops for loo breaks, lunch, and looking around a very
             | small museum. It still had half the tank remaining when I
             | got home. I have never had range anxiety with this car.
             | 
             | A range of 745 miles means ten hours of driving in the best
             | of circumstances without a stop. I cannot imagine wanting
             | to drive for ten hours without stopping. I cannot
             | understand why EV manufacturers are putting such large
             | batteries into cars, especially when I hear how much
             | heavier they are making them.
        
               | swalling wrote:
               | The problem isn't needing to stop, it's charge time and
               | availability.
               | 
               | When I stop with an ICE car during a road trip it's for
               | 15 minutes max and I know I can do it basically whenever
               | I want. With an EV, you have to carefully plan your road
               | trip around fueling.
        
               | wilg wrote:
               | Roadtripping is much nicer in an EV, IMO. You just set
               | your destination, it tells you where and when to stop,
               | you almost always go to the bathroom and eat at those
               | stops anyway. You never deal with gas station bathrooms,
               | you just pop into a Starbucks or whatever. The car is
               | almost always ready to go by the time you are, or maybe
               | you wait 5-10 minutes.
               | 
               | There's an intuition that the minor additional
               | flexibility gas cars give you on a road trip makes the
               | experience better, but in practice I think it's worse.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Outside of few crazy people no normal people drive 5-6h
               | at a time. If you can get out on the highway, plug in and
               | spend 20min doing basic necessities you are find.
        
               | threetonesun wrote:
               | There are a lot of places in America where you can leave
               | a city and go to a rural place where at best you might
               | have a 120V charge, possibly nothing. An 800-1000 mile
               | range battery takes a lot of the charging anxiety away
               | until the infrastructure for electric catches up to
               | convenience and availability of gas.
               | 
               | The weight issue, however, should be talked about more. I
               | don't think filling highways with 10,000lb minivans with
               | the acceleration speed of a Corvette is an improvement on
               | the whole.
        
               | tw04 wrote:
               | >The weight issue, however, should be talked about more.
               | I don't think filling highways with 10,000lb minivans
               | with the acceleration speed of a Corvette is an
               | improvement on the whole.
               | 
               | But they aren't. The "minivans with the acceleration
               | speed of a Corvette" exist today in the ICE world and are
               | very few and far between because of price. You can buy a
               | Lamborghini Urus that does 190mph, or a Range Rover Sport
               | Turbo, or BMW X5. But those cars are all 6 figures++ so
               | very few people can afford them.
               | 
               | Sure, a Rivian R1S can do 0-60 like a Corvette, but Bob
               | down the corner isn't spending $100k on a car, so the
               | ones that accelerate like a Corvette will be exactly as
               | ubiquitous as a Corvette.
               | 
               | Meanwhile the fastest/heaviest Kia EV9 does 0-60 in 6.0
               | seconds, and weighs 5,700 lbs. Both a far cry from the
               | numbers you're concerned with. Meanwhile a Chrysler
               | Pacifica weighs 4,300 lbs, so the differences most people
               | imagine are GREATLY exaggerated.
               | 
               | The vast majority of the "the vehicles are too fast and
               | too heavy" are scare tactics by oil companies. The F-150
               | tips the scales at 5,500 lbs and nobody is worried about
               | them "ruining our roads". Please don't buy into the
               | nonsense.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | It's not about ruining roads, it's about how deadly heavy
               | vehicles are for the pedestrians they hit.
        
               | wilg wrote:
               | IIRC average car weight has been stable for ~20 years,
               | not increasing, and also pedestrian deaths have been
               | decreasing over the same period, even as people are
               | buying big weirdo trucks and whatnot. Also, I'd expect
               | increased prevalence of active safety features is more
               | important than the weight of the vehicle for pedestrian
               | safety.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | I think neither of these statements are true. Car weight
               | has increased
               | (https://www.capitalone.com/cars/learn/finding-the-right-
               | car/...) as well as pedestrian deaths which have
               | increased 77% in the last 10 odd years
               | (https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/map-pedestrian-
               | fatalit...)
        
               | travisb wrote:
               | When travelling long distances it's also important to
               | derate the range for safety and comfort.
               | 
               | For example, it's well known that EV range decreases by
               | 20-30% in cold weather and a recent study is claiming
               | about the same loss in hot weather. And on long drives
               | you tend to be more heavily loaded than normal, also
               | cutting a few percent off actual range. Further, you need
               | a reserve in case you get stuck on the road for some
               | reason. Also you need a further reserve to ensure you can
               | make it to the next next charger should the next charger
               | be unavailable for some reason. And the advertised ranges
               | are in better-than-average driving conditions at slower-
               | than-average speeds, so you lose another few percent
               | there as well.
               | 
               | All these derates stack which means if you want to ensure
               | low stress in an EV you might have to derate the
               | advertised range 50% or more depending on charger density
               | for long drives when you decide to purchase. ICEs also
               | need derating, but 25% is usually lots and ICEs tend to
               | have much longer ranges to begin with.
        
               | wilg wrote:
               | Gas cars also have a 15%-24% range decrease in cold
               | weather, and I'd expect similar results for hot weather.
               | I think it's just more notable in EVs because of the
               | higher average range of a gas car.
               | 
               | https://www.motorbiscuit.com/gas-powered-cars-lose-
               | driving-r...
        
             | Krasnol wrote:
             | Of course, there is a market for it. Even if you don't have
             | to have it, charging times and rage are the main arguments
             | gas car owners bring up in discussions as a reason for why
             | they don't buy an electric car.
        
             | silverpepsi wrote:
             | Pretending you can logically deduce what the market most
             | desires based on facts about their lives is a theory that
             | is really far out there
             | 
             | 1. Do you have any memory of when SUVs went mainstream?
             | Who'd have thought single women would want to pay the
             | vehicle and fuel premium to commute so inefficiently. Of
             | course men as well.
             | 
             | 2. Americans are addicted to options that remove
             | limitations out of anxiety over those limitations, even
             | when the extra cost is very low ROI. Look at data plan,
             | buffet, etc. preferences
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | You know what's extremely cheap to manufacture? A larger
               | fuel tank. How many mainstream passenger cars are being
               | sold with a >80L (>20 gal) fuel tank because prospective
               | car buyers "are addicted to options that remove
               | limitations out of anxiety"?
               | 
               | Americans are addicted to features, lifestyle and luxury
               | (actual or perceived).
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | Larger fuel tank makes the car heavier and thus less fuel
               | efficient
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | Additonal 10 gallons of fuel is a rounding error to a
               | typical car mass, its effect on fuel efficiency is not
               | detectable without precise lab equipment. Certainly
               | you're not going to notice that when paying for gas.
        
               | Twirrim wrote:
               | > You know what's extremely cheap to manufacture? A
               | larger fuel tank. How many mainstream passenger cars are
               | being sold with a >80L (>20 gal) fuel tank because
               | prospective car buyers "are addicted to options that
               | remove limitations out of anxiety"?
               | 
               | It takes mere minutes to refill a tank, and there are gas
               | stations everywhere throughout the country. It's quick,
               | and incredibly easy. Far faster than EVs, and far more
               | common that EV charging stations.
               | 
               | As a result, there's really no value in tanks that are
               | that much larger, there's no range anxiety because even
               | going long distance cross-country you're never that far
               | away from a place to refuel.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | There is value. One of my cars has a 20 gallon tank and
               | it's nice to go a few extra days without refueling for
               | regular commuting/around town driving, or having the
               | option to go an extra couple of hundred miles on the
               | highway on longer trips.
        
             | Twirrim wrote:
             | > Tesla has already come out and said they could make cars
             | that drive twice as far
             | 
             | You actually believed them? Tesla, that has a long track
             | record of lying about what they can do, when they can
             | deliver etc? That is facing major competition from every
             | established car manufacturer who are all shipping vehicles
             | with similar range to Tesla?
             | 
             | If they could release a car with double the
             | distance/capacity they would. It would be a huge
             | competitive advantage that no other manufacturer (except
             | _possibly_ Toyota, if the article is to be believed) can
             | match.
        
               | zaroth wrote:
               | Actually it wouldn't be an advantage. It would be a huge
               | sunk cost (and added weight bogging down performance and
               | handling) for a feature that virtually never gets used.
               | 
               | Tesla increases distance ideally by increasing
               | efficiency. Their cars consistently score the best/lowest
               | Wh/mi for their weight, by doing things like designing
               | their own heat pump instead of traditional AC and
               | resistive heating.
               | 
               | Because EV production is virtually always constrained by
               | battery production, the number of cars you can sell is
               | typically your battery production capacity (MWh) divided
               | by your battery capacity per vehicle.
               | 
               | Their inherent efficiency combined with the Supercharger
               | network to support longer trips lets them produce more
               | cars at a lower cost / price.
        
               | sigmoid10 wrote:
               | There are cars like the Lucid Air which actually offer
               | significantly more range than even the long range Teslas,
               | while using the same battery tech (at a higher price
               | point of course). They just recently had to scale down
               | production because demand was waaaay below expectations.
               | Tesla's best selling variants are also not the long range
               | models, so it's not surprising that people won't pay for
               | another 30% premium on something they barely ever need.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | > You actually believed them? Tesla, that has a long
               | track record of lying about what they can do
               | 
               | This is just basic physics not a conspiracy theory.
               | 
               | It simply doesn't make sense to massively improve
               | distance.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > like storing at a low/high state of charge or high/low
           | temperature performance are nowadays managed by the BMS
           | 
           | What a BMS can do, depends on what the underlying cell alows
           | or doesn't.
        
           | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
           | > Actually, not really. For one, no serious manufacturer
           | currently even proposes a battery technology if it doesn't
           | meet the most basic of the mentioned criteria.
           | 
           | Until you realize that Toyota is peddling hydrogen as the
           | future which makes about the least sense of anything you
           | could choose.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | Hydrogen could have made sense in an alternate timeline
             | where government and industry cooperated on standardizing
             | form factors for fast tank-swapping... but then, that would
             | have made even more sense for batteries, and it didn't
             | happen. People would whine about not "owning" their
             | hydrogen tanks, just as they do when someone brings up the
             | advantages of swappable batteries.
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | There is no world where hydrogen would ever work for
               | cars.
               | 
               | It takes 50% more energy to generate hydrogen than to
               | just use electricity itself. It takes million dollar
               | facilities to generate that hydrogen and turn it into
               | electricity.
               | 
               | Then, it has to be stored at a very high pressure in your
               | car, which has a number of risks. Then, if you have an
               | accident and it doesn't completely blow you up, there can
               | be a fire, in which case you are now on fire but people
               | just think you are a crazy person running around because
               | hydrogen has an invisible flame.
               | 
               | Or, you just use electricity.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | You are repeating pure FUD. This is pretty much what BEV
               | companies want people to believe so that they never
               | consider any alternatives.
               | 
               | In reality, fuel cell cars are literally just EVs, no
               | different than BEVs. There are no fundamental downsides.
               | But since FCEVs don't have the huge need for raw
               | materials that BEVs do, they will be a far cheaper
               | solution. Once you understand the unsustainable nature of
               | BEVs, you'll realize that nearly all cars will have to
               | switch to hydrogen eventually.
               | 
               | And hydrogen is safer than gasoline. This is just more
               | FUD, and is of the fearmongering variety.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | Hydrogen is absolutely NOT safer than gasoline. This is a
               | ridiculous claim. For starters, it's an explosive gas
               | rather than a flammable liquid.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | It is much lighter than air. Any hydrogen leaks will
               | float away a lot faster than gasoline.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | This is not even wrong.
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | You are an account that is a couple hours old and has
               | only talked about how bad electric is and how good
               | hydrogen is.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | My account is older than yours...
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | Not in terms of posting it isnt
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | It's time to stop digging...
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Car makers like BEVs because (a) no new infrastructure
               | other than electricity which is available almost anywhere
               | already and (b) none of that energy lost to compression
               | or fancy cryogenic compression tanks to keep the hydrogen
               | in the car or at the gas station. Lastly, most people
               | don't want to go from $5/gallon gas to $10/gallon
               | hydrogen.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Car makers are just following the subsidies and the hype.
               | It is not even a sustainable idea and it will eventually
               | die.
               | 
               | Hydrogen will eventually be nearly free. It is just going
               | to be made from excess wind and solar energy and will
               | follow the same cost reduction curve.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > Hydrogen will eventually be nearly free. It is just
               | going to be made from excess wind and solar energy and
               | will follow the same cost reduction curve.
               | 
               | How is that different from charging a battery at a super
               | charger? Because it can be delivered via more expensive
               | pipeline or trucks rather than cheaper wires? Heck, it
               | doesn't even store well, you need to keep those tanks
               | cold so the hydrogen stays compressed, you are going to
               | be using more electricity for that.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Because you can't always have electricity available at
               | super chargers. How do you power your car if the wind is
               | not blowing and it is not daytime? You will need energy
               | storage, something hydrogen provides in spades. That
               | ensures hydrogen will be needed and be very cheap since
               | it is made from wind, solar and water alone.
               | 
               | A pipeline is cheaper than a wire at moving energy
               | around. About 10x cheaper in fact. This is just another
               | example of BEV FUD. BEV companies just make shit up to
               | demonization the competition, and often times the exact
               | opposite is true.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | I'd love to see a peer reviewed paper or even a report on
               | a project that's already been built showing that a
               | hydrogen pipeline is cheaper to run per kWh final
               | electricity, much less 10x cheaper.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900
               | 422...
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Hydrogen refuels just like gasoline cars. It is the most
               | logical replacement for current cars. It probably will
               | just happen via natural progress without any external
               | desire for CO2 emissions reduction.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Hydrogen refuels just like gasoline cars. It is the
               | most logical replacement for current cars.
               | 
               | You should talk to this other guy who's currently arguing
               | that the current paradigm doesn't matter and we should
               | focus on what _will_ make sense.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36839960
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | It is not the most logical replacement.
               | 
               | It isn't the the one with fewest infrastructure changes
               | (that would be biodiesel).
               | 
               | And it is the result of stuck about things in terms of
               | the past: we used to power cars by pumping molecules into
               | it, therefore we need another molecule.
               | 
               | Most of our green electricity will start _as_
               | electricity. So it makes more sense to keep it as that
               | and pump _it_ directly into the car.
               | 
               | Given the choice, why would people still want to have to
               | take their car to a pump when they can simply charge it
               | at home or at work as much as possible?
               | 
               | If my cellphone lasted 5 days without a charge but needed
               | me to go to a special charging station, I would never buy
               | it. I just charge it overnight, or at work, and forget
               | about it.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Biofuels aren't really a solution.
               | 
               | The problem with electricity is that you can't easily
               | store it. And the only way to do so at large scale will
               | be converting it to molecules. That implies hydrogen.
               | 
               | As a result, green electricity just means a nearly
               | infinite supply of green hydrogen at the same level of
               | cost. That implies nearly free hydrogen for any purpose.
               | 
               | Economically, that all leads to the hydrogen car as the
               | future. You avoid both the weaknesses of ICE cars and
               | BEVs.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | _hypx wrote:
             | > Until you realize that Toyota is peddling hydrogen as the
             | future which makes about the least sense of anything you
             | could choose.
             | 
             | Wrong. It is the only technology in current existence that
             | actually makes sense. Everything else is unsustainable and
             | eventually has to be abandoned.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | It makes 'sense' according to you and not 99.9% of actual
               | costumers. But you do you.
        
               | _hypx wrote:
               | Then the future is ICE cars because it makes sense to
               | "actual costumers." But that isn't the topic at hand. It
               | is what _will_ make sense, and that can only be hydrogen
               | cars in the long run.
        
           | Beached wrote:
           | most battery tech dies at the "can it be manufactured en
           | mass" stage.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Next you're going to tell me you don't believe in the
             | carbon nanotube fairy. :)
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | > Secondly, some of these, like storing at a low/high state
           | of charge or high/low temperature performance are nowadays
           | managed by the BMS - models that don't have that are already
           | not competitive. The reason is that energy density already
           | crossed the threshold at which some of the capacity can be
           | spared for this purpose.
           | 
           | No - this is dishonesty by some battery/car manufacturers.
           | They say "Our car can drive 300 miles", and "our car battery
           | will last 10 years/100,000 miles", but the reality is that if
           | you actually drive it 300 miles on each charge, you'll only
           | be doing about 30,000 miles before it no longer meets your
           | needs.
           | 
           | Instead car manufacturers say things like "only charge to 85%
           | to prolong battery life" and "under 15% charge is for
           | 'reserve capacity' use only".
           | 
           | An honest manufacturer would only advertise the amount of
           | capacity you can actually use day to day, rather than the
           | capacity that is there but you really shouldn't use unless
           | you want your battery to die young.
        
             | benj111 wrote:
             | Is it dishonest when an IC car manufacturer advertises a
             | range, but the fuel light comes on before that?
             | 
             | If you use a tank full of petrol each day, your car may not
             | last 10 years. If you only do 1 mile a day, every day, it
             | may not last 100k miles.
             | 
             | All mechanical things have usage patterns that are worse
             | than others. You just get used to the tradeoffs.
        
             | mcbishop wrote:
             | Deception in marketing doesn't mean that there haven't been
             | significant improvements in battery management systems.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | The convenient truth of the matter is that you don't want
             | to drain your battery "to 0" regardless of whether or not
             | it increases wear and tear on the battery, because you
             | don't want to be stranded. As such giving lifetime aspects
             | under that assumption that people won't do that regularly
             | is fairly reasonable.
             | 
             | On the flip side, I agree that the "100%" mark should be
             | the mark that people regularly charge to, people don't
             | leave empty space in the tank for fun.
        
             | r00fus wrote:
             | Except for the Nissan Leaf, most EV car batteries do great
             | at managing heat even in adverse conditions (high heat,
             | fast charging, etc).
             | 
             | I have a 5 year old EV which is always charged to 100% and
             | it's lost maybe 5% of its range capacity so far. Perhaps it
             | was over provisioned (undersold the actual capacity) but
             | it's unlikely as it's a cheap compliance car (that I still
             | love to drive).
        
             | wesleyd wrote:
             | > An honest manufacturer would only advertise the amount of
             | capacity you can actually use day to day, rather than the
             | capacity that is there but you really shouldn't use unless
             | you want your battery to die young.
             | 
             | Toyota do this. In fact, all PHEV manufacturers seem to do
             | this: they keep their batteries between 15% and 85% and
             | only advertise this range.
             | 
             | Insofar as they advertise it at all: the battery size in eg
             | a Prius prime is buried in a footnote, and the range -
             | miles/km - is what's advertised, and is real, and
             | corresponds to the 15-85.
             | 
             | I guess it is more important in a PHEV to never fully
             | charge not discharge their batteries: most cycle from full-
             | ish to empty-ish much more than a BEV. And so it is more
             | logical for them to publish their 15-85. But the honesty is
             | refreshing; BEV numbers feel disingenuous to me.
             | 
             | I ignore all breathlessly excited battery "breakthrough"
             | headlines, but I ignore any from Toyota less!
        
               | monkpit wrote:
               | As a layperson when it comes to batteries, this whole
               | 15-85% thing seems like a silly detail that should be
               | handled by computers. Like, at 85% the readout should say
               | "100%", and at 15% it should say "0%".
               | 
               | Is that something they do, or do they expect users to be
               | aware of these thresholds?
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | But then Tesla decides to be different, advertises full
               | 0-100% capacity and range, and Musk brags on Twitter how
               | other EV manufacturers can't keep up.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | And then builds a level 2 driver assistance system that
               | doesn't meet any SAE criteria of "self driving", and
               | brags how other manufacturers can't keep up.
               | 
               | The Silicon Valley style of "fake it till you make it"
               | business is dishonest.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | > Is that something they do
               | 
               | Pretty much. There's a catalogue of EVs here:
               | 
               | https://ev-database.org/
               | 
               | Where nominal and usable capacity is stated. Currently
               | even Tesla includes a few kWh of buffer capacity.
               | 
               | State of charge in li-ion batteries isn't a
               | straightforward thing anyway. 4.2V used to be considered
               | 100%, but nowadays some chemistries allow for going up to
               | 4.35V safely - doesn't sound like much, but it translates
               | to ~15% more capacity.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Depends on the company and product.
               | 
               | Traditional hybrids hide all these details. Most plug in
               | EV's only show 15-85% as 0-100 because you have a fall
               | back for range extension. Many EV show the close to full
               | range because you might daily drive just fine on 15-85%
               | while charging at home and want to take the occasional
               | long trip or use 0-15% capacity if a charging station is
               | down etc.
               | 
               | Also, charge cycles become less important as range
               | increases an EV with a 220 mile range is noticeably worse
               | at 180 mile range where a 440 mile EV sees 1/2 as many
               | charge cycles and is still perfectly useable with a 360
               | mile range.
        
               | martin8412 wrote:
               | My VW PHEV does this. It doesn't use the HV battery below
               | 20% and the range calculator knows this.
        
               | vbezhenar wrote:
               | So I can die on the road with enough energy to drive
               | another 50 km?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | > So I can die on the road with enough energy to drive
               | another 50 km?
               | 
               | My gas car has a 42 litre tank, if i wait until the light
               | has come on and the gauge is on (and then drive another
               | 20km past that), I can only get 38.5 litres in.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | I'll do you one better: mine has a 45 litre tank, light
               | goes on at 5 litres left, gauge stops indicating at half
               | of that, but there's an unmentioned anywhere buffer of 5
               | litres, which is there so that the fuel pump doesn't
               | overheat or pick up any contaminants at the very bottom
               | the tank.
               | 
               | I only know this because a motoring journalist filmed
               | himself riding the same model dry.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | > An honest manufacturer would only advertise the amount of
             | capacity you can actually use day to day
             | 
             | Why? It's not common to use your cars full range every day.
             | Most people I know drive <100km on most days, and use the
             | full range of their car maybe twice a year when they go on
             | vacation.
             | 
             | Why would manufacturers advertise worst case numbers if
             | they are not representative of the average consumers needs?
             | 
             | If they advertise their cars for business use, they
             | probably should put some more detailed info somewhere. But
             | if you advertise your car to commuters, it makes sense to
             | use numbers that the average commuter can expect.
        
               | badtension wrote:
               | What's stopping them from advertising exactly that?
               | Usable everyday range being 200km and occasional max
               | range 500km for prolonged life of the battery pack?
               | 
               | Just inform the customer instead of doing the advertising
               | mumbo-jumbo.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | 50% of the time I use my car, I drive more than 150 miles
               | on a trip.
               | 
               | However, I do not commute with my car. And most people
               | should press their local authorities to develop
               | infrastructure so that they don't have to either :)
        
             | Beached wrote:
             | an honest manufacturer would advertise the fuel economy you
             | can expect day to day, rather than the fuel economy of a
             | perfect test scenario.
             | 
             | car manufacturers have been overstating range/fuel economy
             | since the dawn of time. people are tuned to look at those
             | numbers and think "in perfect lab conditions." and no one
             | expects these numbers to be their day to day numbers
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | > but the reality is that if you actually drive it 300
             | miles on each charge, you'll only be doing about 30,000
             | miles before it no longer meets your needs.
             | 
             | False. Nowadays manufacturers include a capacity buffer, so
             | you're not actually fully charging/discharging. Teslas used
             | to have no buffer whatsoever - exactly like smartphones -
             | but they dropped the practice a few years ago.
             | 
             | Case in point: the battery in the Mercedes EQS 450+ has a
             | nominal capacity of 120kWh, while usable is 107.8kWh -
             | that's a 10% buffer - likely on the top end because that's
             | where most of the wear happens.
             | 
             | You can reasonably expect 200,000 miles out of that before
             | range degrades to 80% of the original figure. And no wonder
             | - that's less than 600 cycles assuming highway driving.
             | Consumer-grade batteries last this much, and the ones in
             | EVs are anything but consumer-grade.
        
           | jrsj wrote:
           | It is this manufacturing question that Toyota is claiming to
           | have a solution to here, but afaik we don't have details yet
           | so it's hard to say. But they _claim_ to be able to mass
           | produce these and bring them to market within ~4 years.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | The problem is that 'within ~4 years' the avg improvement
             | that everybody else has at that time makes these claims
             | much less interesting.
        
           | fwungy wrote:
           | There has been so much money and time spent on battery
           | research. We are in the incremental phase of battery
           | evolution. There will not likely be any major leap in battery
           | cost or performance.
           | 
           | A battery is a box of minerals with electrochemical
           | reactivity, i.e. it can catch on fire if something goes
           | wrong. More energy from the battery means more minerals,
           | which means higher cost. More reactive chemistries can reduce
           | mineral inputs, but tend to be more expensive or less stable.
           | 
           | Tldr; there are no quantum leaps available for batteries. If
           | Toyota has a giant range EV it's either really expensive or
           | it's a research vehicle staying far away from consumers.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | > More energy from the battery means more minerals, which
             | means higher cost.
             | 
             | This is a fundamentally false understanding of battery
             | innovation.
             | 
             | > More reactive chemistries can reduce mineral inputs, but
             | tend to be more expensive or less stable.
             | 
             | Less stable, sometimes but not more expensive.
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | All I really need to know is
         | 
         | 1. What is the 1.0 for distance, and model of car doing it
         | 
         | 2. What is the expected multiplier for said new technology
         | 
         | 3. What is the life expectancy curve for the new tech
         | 
         | 4. is it any worse/better than the old battery on safety. I'm
         | just not that worried about battery fires other than if newer
         | tech is more apt to do it. I've been riding around sitting on
         | gasoline tanks for decades now and it can't be much worse for
         | safety.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > I'm sure someone with more familiarity with battery...
         | 
         | I won't claim more familiarity, but...
         | 
         | - How frequent/difficult is required maintenance? Recall that
         | old lead-acid batteries often needed distilled water added to
         | their cells.
         | 
         | - Does it need access to air - either supplied to it, or to
         | vent gasses? That introduces a whole host of issues, even if
         | it's not venting (say) hydrogen gas.
         | 
         | - How much does performance degrade when its only cycled
         | through part of its charge/discharge range? Recall the NiCad
         | batteries of yesteryear.
         | 
         | - What are its waste, OSHA, HAZMAT, and other environmental &
         | safety issues? Those apply all the way from the raw materials
         | mines to the final disposal. Which includes accident scenarios
         | - fire / flood / whatever in a facility with many batteries (or
         | parts thereof), one-off car crashes, and things more
         | interesting. "Disposal" includes cases such as "abandoned in a
         | pole barn".
         | 
         | (BTW - kudos for specifying "How available are ...", which
         | covers a far longer list of real-world supply issues than "What
         | is the (current) price of".)
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | * How far can it be discharged and still be able to be
         | recharged.
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | It would be nice to mention you are recycling this comment.
        
           | Rychard wrote:
           | Does recycling the comment make it any less relevant?
        
         | recycledmatt wrote:
         | // How well can it be recycled at end-of-life?
         | 
         | The fact that the chemistries are changing and diverse is the
         | most difficult thing from an End-of-life perspective. A lot of
         | businesses born around recycling todays battery (lots of
         | lithium and cobalt relatively speaking) are not economical on
         | some of the newer chemistries (looking at you Li-Fe) because
         | they cheapened out the expensive elements.
        
         | seltzered_ wrote:
         | Indeed, these announcements about a solid state battery have
         | been coming out for years, for example here's one from Toyota
         | in 2017 claiming 2020 availability:
         | https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/25/toyotas-new-solid-state-ba...
         | -> https://www.wsj.com/articles/toyota-nears-major-
         | technologica...
         | 
         | Some of us remember prior generations of battery breakthrough
         | claims like eestor: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEStor
        
           | pnw wrote:
           | I followed EESTOR closely for years. Someone should make a
           | documentary about that saga. Amazing mix of inventor hubris,
           | Canadian OTC pump and dump and a rabid online community of
           | true believers mixed with speculators. Hard to believe that
           | Kleiner Perkins invested in it.
           | 
           | Amazingly they are still around although they have rebranded
           | and are now chasing some other unlikely scheme. It seems
           | there is a limitless supply of suckers for these OTC deals,
           | regardless how borderline their claims or history.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Something isn't right.
       | 
       | Title: With The 745-mile Solid-state Battery, Toyota Just Became
       | A Force To Reckon With
       | 
       | 1st link in article: Toyota's Solid-State Batteries Will Offer
       | Over 900 Miles On A Single Charge
       | 
       | 2nd link: Toyota's Solid-state Batteries Will Offer A Range Of
       | 745 Miles And Charge In Under 10 Minutes!
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | Further down in that first article:
         | 
         | - First-gen solid-state batteries will allow up to 745 miles of
         | range.
         | 
         | - Second-gen solid-state batteries will push this to 932 miles.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | 932 miles. Not 931, not 933. Seems legit.
        
             | mchouza wrote:
             | Probably just converted from 1500 km.
        
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