[HN Gopher] Time to bring back asylums?
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       Time to bring back asylums?
        
       Author : sam345
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2023-07-22 14:05 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | creer wrote:
       | Mental health doesn't have to be done in the most stupid way
       | possible. And yet could be much more present, available,
       | temporary.
       | 
       | An institutional system can be built with cross-checks,
       | inspections, corruption fighting mechanisms, etc. By this I mean
       | actual, independent, not powerless, not perfunctory, corruption-
       | fighting, enforceable, etc. As opposed to the usual such cross-
       | checks around here. This is a far broader issue that just mental
       | health but simply (not) doing mental health on the street isn't a
       | great solution.
        
       | Spooky23 wrote:
       | It's time to bring back a credible editorial board to the Wall St
       | Journal.
        
         | sam345 wrote:
         | Explain ? Not a WSJ editorial board opinion. Also interested in
         | when you think the WSJ board was credible and at what point it
         | lost its credibility ?
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | I've had this conversation with many friends. Totally agree. They
       | need to be good, well run with compassion and care of course. But
       | we indeed need them.
        
         | orwin wrote:
         | But they already exist, no?
        
       | amanaplanacanal wrote:
       | It's time to make money appear out of nowhere, ignore the long
       | history of abuses in such places, and pretend the courts are
       | going to do a 180 and suddenly allow what was unconstitutional
       | before.
        
       | spondylosaurus wrote:
       | Meanwhile I've been reading this New Yorker piece this morning:
       | https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/reinven...
       | 
       | Reinventing the E.R. For America's Mental Health Crisis
       | (subtitle: _EmPATH units are advancing a radically new approach
       | to psychiatric emergencies. It seems to be working._ )
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | Asylums still exist. What this person wants to bring back is the
       | ability to lock people up and keep people locked up there with
       | little recourse. A typical case from this time[1]:
       | 
       | > [Cramer] frankly discusses the "regimented, often hopeless
       | conditions of state mental hospitals", talks about a hospital in
       | Alabama where "care was worse than simply inadequate: one
       | psychiatrist for 5000 patients; astonishingly low funding for
       | clothing, food and upkeep of the buildings", studies showing that
       | institutions never actually got patients' signatures on the forms
       | that were supposed to waive their rights to court hearings.
       | 
       | > [He] describes the case of Edna Long, who was hospitalized for
       | "public drunkenness" and "permanently hospitalized in 1952. As
       | Ennis tells the tale, Long received no treatment during the next
       | fifteen years, but was kept busy working at menial jobs in the
       | hospital. After the death of her husband in 1960, the state
       | hospital had her declared incompetent, and seized her assets to
       | pay for her care. Then, they put what assets remained under the
       | management of an attorney, who made a bit of money from reducing
       | the value of her estate by 86% (according to Ennis, a common
       | practice at the time in New York). Once Long had become too
       | physically ill to continue working, the hospital suddenly found
       | her "competent to manage her own affairs" and released her, to a
       | life of elderly poverty. Most of the money that she and her
       | husband had accumulated had been consumed by attorneys supposedly
       | protecting her assets."
       | 
       | [1]: https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-san-
       | fransi...
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Not really at all.
         | 
         | In a sentence, we need a public infrastructure in place to care
         | for the mentally ill that currently are forced to live on the
         | streets of our major cities. We need a way to pay the people
         | that do the work, buy the buildings, keep the lights on. We
         | call this infrastructure asylums, whatever you want to call it
         | we need it desperately.
         | 
         | If you want to stop things like what you cited from happening,
         | lobby to have rules and regulations surrounding these
         | institutions that get you what you want. But it doesn't mean we
         | don't need the 90% good they will do for fear of the 10% bad
         | they've done in the past
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | Homeless shelters still exist too.
           | 
           | It's not about what to call it, it's about whether people are
           | forced to be there.
        
       | uejfiweun wrote:
       | Clearly HN does not seem to like this idea so much. But I do have
       | to ask, what exactly do you propose as a solution to the massive,
       | growing hordes of drug addicted zombies in west coast cities? You
       | can't tell me that this problem doesn't exist, anyone who's been
       | to a west coast city knows it's very real. The past 20 years of
       | the "compassion" approach or whatever is clearly a total
       | disaster. At what point do we just say "these people are a danger
       | to society and they need to be off the damn streets?" Because
       | that strikes me as the most realistic solution. We're not gonna
       | be able to stop the illicit flow of fentanyl into our society.
        
         | Danjoe4 wrote:
         | Jail. Asylums circumvent due process as other commentators have
         | pointed out. Jails should be staffed with a physician who has
         | the discretion to transfer inmates to treatment centers.
        
         | aschearer wrote:
         | First, I reject the notion that there are "massive, growing
         | hordes of drug addicted zombies in west coast cities." Having
         | lived in Seattle for over a decade, now living in Olympia, and
         | having visited San Franscisco, Portland, and other west coast
         | cities plenty of times, what you're describing doesn't line up
         | with my experience at all. If you drop the hyperbole perhaps we
         | agree, but then why hyperventilate? It undermines your point.
         | 
         | Second, assuming you're genuinely curious and not simply trying
         | to spread misinformation my answer would be to greatly reduce
         | inequality. In my corner of the world housing has exploded in
         | price. Healthcare is also very expensive. I don't see "hordes
         | of drug addicts" I see Hoovervilles. For some reason we're not
         | moved to help the destitute like we once were. Perhaps it's
         | because we view them as "drug addicted zombies." So much for
         | "love thy neighbor."
        
           | remarkEon wrote:
           | I've lived in various west coast cities since 2011 and while
           | a "horde of drug addicted zombies" roaming the streets is not
           | literally true (like out of a zombie apocalypse film or
           | something), you can't deny that there is a significant
           | problem in certain areas of these cities. In the same way
           | that hyperbolizing the descriptor undermines the point,
           | imagining that it isn't a problem and just something you deal
           | with is the other side of the same coin.
           | 
           | >... my answer would be to greatly reduce inequality
           | 
           | We've been screaming the same tune for over a decade at this
           | point. Equality is a problem but it's a parallel issue. Doing
           | the same policies, but louder, is not a good faith proposal
           | because it's just repetition of what doesn't work. Many, and
           | indeed I would posit most, do not want your or my help to
           | live as a "contributing member of society". Some are so far
           | gone they're not in the position to even make a choice.
        
             | aschearer wrote:
             | I didn't deny that homelessness is a problem, please re-
             | read my comment.
             | 
             | Perhaps I've been "screaming the tune" for a decade but in
             | that time the cost of housing has gone up dramatically. In
             | 2009 I rented a 2-br apartment in Capitol Hill for $1,600
             | -- parking included. In 2019 I rented a studio apartment in
             | the same neighborhood for the same -- parking not included.
             | I can produce examples like this all day.
             | 
             | My point is, we haven't successfully tackled the problem of
             | inequality and affordability. In my opinion, we must tackle
             | the root problem if we hope to resolve the issue long term.
             | We can do that _and_ address the symptoms in parallel.
             | However if I had to bet, my money is on housing continuing
             | it's inexorable rise over the next decade, pushing further
             | people into destitution.
             | 
             | I've tried to respond in "good faith." Your turn.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | We're clearly not talking about the same problem. There
               | isn't a direct line from you not being able to find the
               | same square footage for $1600 in 2019 as you did in 2009,
               | and you winding up as a hopeless drug addict in Cal
               | Anderson. I'm all for draconian policies to address
               | rising housing costs (such a extreme excise taxes on
               | vacant units, of which there are _a lot_ in Seattle and
               | Portland), but that doesn't have anything to do with tent
               | cities in the Puget Sound area. If Capital Hill suddenly
               | had the same inventory of 2 bedroom units with parking at
               | $1600 a month that it did in 2009, the broader problems
               | do not go away.
               | 
               | These people we're talking about will all be dead by the
               | time any of yours or my pet ideas to increase housing
               | supply come to fruition. And yet, in the here and now,
               | there's a continuing escalation of health and safety
               | issues that, again, don't go away if rents suddenly drop.
        
               | aschearer wrote:
               | I've advanced the position that 1) we should agree to
               | tackle the root cause of the problem primarily but not
               | exclusively and 2) we should identify and agree on what
               | the root cause is. I'm not clear if you agree with the
               | above.
               | 
               | I've explained what I believe to be the root of the
               | problem. You have not. I've explained some ways we might
               | ameliorate the problem. You have not.
               | 
               | It's difficult to have a conversation when the
               | interlocutor won't state their positions and take a
               | stand. Even more so when they accuse you of "screaming"
               | and acting in "bad faith."
               | 
               | I'm left to infer what you're thinking. I imagine it's
               | that inequality is not linked to the rise in
               | homelessness. (I disagree.) That people are more
               | susceptible to drug addiction than before. (I'm very
               | skeptical.) And that if we punish people more forcefully
               | the problem will be resolved. (I doubt it, but that's not
               | to say we can't protect our public spaces more
               | vigerously.)
               | 
               | If I pegged you wrong, I apologize and look forward to
               | being corrected. If not, then let's agree to disagree.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Homelessness is a huge problem that needs additional
               | resources. Most of it isn't really visible.
               | 
               | And then there's the huge sub-problem of people who are
               | chronically homeless, drug-addicted, and visible.
               | 
               | Large efforts at simply improving access to housing are
               | likely to make a large dent in the larger homelessness
               | problem, but may not be effective in addressing people
               | with long-standing drug addiction and behavioral
               | disorders. Many/most have behaviors that are incompatible
               | with conventional housing.
               | 
               | The solution for this subgroup is going to be a lot more
               | complicated.
        
       | aschearer wrote:
       | Bringing back forced hospitalizion. Repealing child labor laws.
       | Tolerating graft in the Supreme Court. Calling Secretary of
       | States asking them to find some votes. Grabbing women by their
       | genitals. Teaching the idea that slavery was benefitial for the
       | enslaved. Wild that this is popular with people. Why does Murdoch
       | keep pushing this stuff?
        
       | monkmartinez wrote:
       | > These days, the idea of compelled vaccination is pretty
       | controversial, so the idea that we are going to take away
       | peoples' liberty and force them to take psychotropic drugs after
       | we've imprisoned them seems beyond belief.
       | 
       | This is already happening. Compelled vaccination is completely
       | different than a mentally disturbed member of our society roaming
       | the streets unhinged. I have been party to several title 36[1]
       | cases and it's very, very difficult to get dangerous people
       | "petitioned". It requires coordination between disparate agencies
       | like hospitals, Fire/EMS, Police, community mental health orgs,
       | etc. None of them share a database.
       | 
       | Once they are found to be incapable of living on their own, what
       | do we do with them? Jail? Hospital? Half-way house/Assisted
       | Living?
       | 
       | I will tell you... They end up back on the streets and it isn't
       | pretty. The underbelly of every American city is a nasty, grimy,
       | horrific place. I need to retire.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=36
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | Compelled vaccination -- forcing people to endure the pain of a
         | needle and a few hours of feeling sore in their arm -- is
         | indeed completely different from locking people up in mental
         | institutions for decades.
        
           | gretch wrote:
           | This is a strawman - no one is complaining about the pain of
           | the stab. It's 100% the juice inside the syringe.
           | 
           | This is the CDC site on the history of vaccine incidents:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/concerns-
           | history....
           | 
           | Bad things can and do happen and it doesn't do any good to
           | pretend they don't.
           | 
           | Of course the reward is far worth the risk with modern
           | science, but some people are still afraid of shit like this.
        
         | sbuccini wrote:
         | You should write more on this topic.
        
           | devilbunny wrote:
           | There is no shortage of writing on this. The Supreme Court
           | decisions of the early 1970s on mental health were well-
           | intentioned but disastrous.
        
             | wahern wrote:
             | > The Supreme Court decisions of the early 1970s on mental
             | health were well intentioned but disastrous.
             | 
             | Those decisions still left much room for coerced treatment,
             | so it's not clear how disastrous they were. Most if not all
             | states and cities ended up with additional legislation,
             | caselaw, and normative policies that made coerced treatment
             | (including outpatient treatment) much more difficult.
        
             | sbuccini wrote:
             | I am very curious to hear the personal experiences of a
             | frontline firefighter/EMT in Phoenix
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | A person does not belong to society or to the government. Sane or
       | not, a person who chooses to not get mental, physical or
       | preventive treatment (like vaccines) or other social manadates
       | should not be compelled because humans lack the authority to do
       | so.
       | 
       | What should happen is they should be expelled from society.
       | Expulsion was very common in historical societies. The famous
       | version of this is leper colonies. The land of thr country
       | belongs to them, so designate a place for them to live in
       | isolation except for volunteers that wish to visit them and offer
       | aid/help.
       | 
       | People should be asked that in the event they are deemed by
       | professionals to be incapable of making their own decisions that
       | they delegate the power of decision making on their behalf to the
       | courts or society.
       | 
       | This is a pervasive issue, even things like not wanting to be
       | dependent on tech for day to day survival is a person's right.
       | Compelling a person to do anything means you have deprived them
       | of liberty and subjugated them, and to do that, having a good and
       | legitimate reason is not enough, you also need authority.
       | 
       | In communist governments for example, people are subjucts of the
       | state and the state assumes authority even over what people
       | belief. But in the US at least, the government that derives all
       | its power and authority from the governed has not been granted
       | such unlimited authority over law abiding citizens, or authority
       | to pass laws to manipulate peoples bodies, regulate their beliefs
       | and convictions or imprison them when they have not broken a law
       | "for their own well being and without their prior consent. The
       | people did not consent to have their wellbeing and safety taken
       | care of against their will. If insane people, unvaccinated
       | people, naked people and other people are considered to place a
       | burden to society or to cause harm in the future, simply forbid
       | them from coming into contact with society and only enforce
       | complelled measures when they persistently refuse to comply.
        
         | veave wrote:
         | There isn't much difference between expulsion and putting them
         | in an asylum, no?
        
           | lurquer wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | badrabbit wrote:
           | There is, more space and freedom to do whatever they want
           | there.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | But clearly what they want is to remain within society,
             | otherwise they would have simply run off into the
             | wilderness on their own accord.
        
               | badrabbit wrote:
               | This will allow them to form a society that will tolerate
               | their ways and appease existing mainstream society.
               | Polygamy in utah is a good example.
        
             | veave wrote:
             | Most likely they will simply die of starvation.
        
               | badrabbit wrote:
               | They can take what they want with them, farm the land,
               | fish, build houses, cities,etc...
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | There is from a sociological perspective. It's the difference
           | between therapy and nihilation[1].
           | 
           | The section on therapy and nihilation comprises just a few
           | paragraphs, but the general gist is this. Therapy prevents
           | immigrations from reality and nihilation prevents
           | contamination of reality. They are, of course, both machines
           | of universe maintenance. However just because they share a
           | telos, doesn't mean there isn't much of a difference. There
           | is a vast difference between the experience of being
           | subjected to either therapy or nihilation depending on the
           | social and material particulars of each.
           | 
           | 1. Berger, P.L. and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social
           | Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of
           | Knowledge. Doubleday & Company, New York.
        
       | mplewis wrote:
       | Uh, what the hell?
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | This is pretty normal for Wall Street Journal. When they
         | suggest anything that looks like socialized health care, it's
         | gonna be the bizzaro version that does more harm than good to
         | the patients, but gets the homeless off the streets they want
         | to make money on. I haven't bothered to read the article, but
         | there's good money to be made if these institutions are
         | privatized.
        
           | sam345 wrote:
           | ? Author not editorial board: David Oshinsky directs the
           | Division of Medical Humanities at NYU Langone Health. His
           | books include "Bellevue: Three Centuries of Medicine and
           | Mayhem at America's Most Storied Hospital" and "Polio: An
           | American Story," which won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for
           | history. Wikipedia:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Oshinsky
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | Are you saying that the editorial board doesn't choose who,
             | and what, to publish? Because I didn't say "this article
             | was written by the editorial board" which is what you seem
             | to be arguing against. I said that this article is
             | consistent with WSJ's agenda.
        
       | hotpotamus wrote:
       | I wonder how much of an increase in taxes the folks at the WSJ
       | would be willing to pay to bring back asylums? The longer I live,
       | the more the quote "the past is a foreign country: they do things
       | differently there" comes to mind. I don't really understand what
       | the asylums were like, but I see that old America that they
       | resided in as a very different place that believed more in public
       | investment. These days, the idea of compelled vaccination is
       | pretty controversial, so the idea that we are going to take away
       | peoples' liberty and force them to take psychotropic drugs after
       | we've imprisoned them seems beyond belief.
       | 
       | None of that is to say I don't think it's probably the right
       | answer, rather that I just don't see it happening in modern
       | America.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | This old america did not believe in public investment enough to
         | ensure humane conditions in asylums.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/d948j
        
       | sam345 wrote:
       | No paywall: https://archive.is/RK7dH
       | 
       | Author David M. Oshinsky is per Wikipedia an American historian,
       | director of the Division of Medical Humanities at NYU School of
       | Medicine[1] and a professor in the Department of History at New
       | York University.
        
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