[HN Gopher] Stanford president resigns over manipulated research...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Stanford president resigns over manipulated research, will retract
       3 papers
        
       Author : dralley
       Score  : 1474 points
       Date   : 2023-07-19 17:43 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (stanforddaily.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (stanforddaily.com)
        
       | mochomocha wrote:
       | Between Marc Tessier-Lavigne, operation Varsity Blues and SBF
       | parents, the scandals involving Stanford keep on coming. It's not
       | sending a good signal when it comes to the overall integrity of
       | the institution.
        
         | hellomyguys wrote:
         | Don't forget Elizabeth Holmes and Do Kwon!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | juicybilberry wrote:
         | Believe me, this isn't just Stanford. I give credit more to
         | some kind of internal whistleblower investigative subculture
         | there shining a light on things than it being something
         | qualitatively different about Stanford as an institution.
         | 
         | For every one of these stories you hear, I am aware of others
         | that will never ever see the light of day.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | _I am aware of others that will never ever see the light of
           | day._
           | 
           | It seems that you are in a position to change that, but
           | choose not to. Why?
        
             | squarepizza wrote:
             | Personal and professional reputation
        
         | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
         | People forget VERY quickly. Think of all of the Meta scandals.
         | People will still gladly hire anyone who worked there, it's an
         | amazing brand name to have despite whatever damage to society.
         | You'd have to get to an Enron-level fiasco for people to start
         | looking at you suspiciously.
        
           | Brusco_RF wrote:
           | I think that is reasonable. The alternative is that all
           | 80,000 Meta employees have their professional reputations
           | tarnished by something that happened a decade ago that they
           | probably had nothing to do with
        
           | srcreigh wrote:
           | Fraud isn't even negative at a certain point. Whichever
           | person is the top of a prestigious fraud ring still deserves
           | a kind of clout. There's skills and talent involved not to
           | mention how fraud itself is sadly valuable for most
           | organizations.
        
           | stcroixx wrote:
           | This isn't true - I've been hiring programmers for many years
           | and Meta/FB are definitely on my blacklist. I consider the
           | damage they've already done far worse than Enron and they're
           | not finished yet.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | It's not about forgetting, it's about other people not caring
           | about things that aren't relevant to a job they're hiring
           | for. For example, Meta is known for having a relatively high
           | bar for engineering talent, and that is the signal people are
           | looking for.
           | 
           | Even in the Enron case, I know a bunch of people who were
           | snapped up from Enron after they collapsed. The Enron fraud
           | was concentrated among relatively few people at the company,
           | so it's not like their failure tarnished people who weren't
           | in on the fraud.
        
         | kejoma wrote:
         | Don't forget the whole Tirien Steinbach mess at Stanford Law.
        
       | okintheory wrote:
       | Very glad to see this. The Stanford Daily did a great job
       | reporting this. Reposting a comment that I found instructive from
       | the discussion on this piece [1]. About the Genentech report [2]
       | which made MTL look very very bad.
       | 
       | ``` APersonWhoCanRead 3 months ago
       | 
       | It seems to me that the linked report goes as close as possible
       | to accusing MTL of fraud as one could hope given that it's coming
       | from Genentech lawyers that are trying to keep the company out of
       | trouble:
       | 
       | "In order to assess whether the 2009 Nature paper contains
       | duplicate images, the diligence team consulted an independent,
       | outside expert who specializes in detecting image manipulations
       | in scientific publications. This expert concluded that two sets
       | of figures, Figures 1d and 5e and Supplementary Figures 9c and
       | 17c, include duplicate images. The expert also concluded that a
       | Western blot panel for Caspase 6 in Supplementary Figure 6d
       | appears to include a composite of two images. We have not
       | determined how these anomalies occurred."
       | 
       | "Genentech scientists and research associates had difficulty
       | reproducing certain results reported in the 2009 Nature paper, in
       | particular, the binding interaction between DR6 and N-APP (the
       | N-terminal portion of APP). Prior to publication of the paper,
       | employees other than the authors performed binding experiments
       | that showed inconsistent results - sometimes binding between DR6
       | and N-APP was detected, and other times, it was not. Some of the
       | employees who performed those experiments attributed the
       | inconsistent results to variability in the purity and quality of
       | the reagents used." --> Clearly, some employees attributed the
       | inconsistent results differently - I'm guessing as fraud. -->
       | These determinations were made before the paper, which contained
       | fabricated data (c.f. above), was published. Clearly, the first
       | author would have been told, and most likely also MTL.
       | 
       | "Senior leaders at Genentech including Dr. Tessier-Lavigne knew
       | of the inconsistent binding results, and there was uncertainty
       | and speculation within the Genentech Research organization about
       | why the binding interaction between DR6 and N-APP could not be
       | reliably reproduced or confirmed."
       | 
       | "Also following Dr. Tessier-Lavigne's departure, one senior
       | leader in gRED urged that the 2009 Nature paper should be
       | retracted or corrected in light of the inconsistent binding
       | results. Other senior leaders recognized at the time that this
       | was an action only Dr. Tessier-Lavigne or another co-author could
       | take with the journal." --> MTL was asked to retract and did not.
       | 
       | TLDR: the report is very damning. Why don't you try to dispute
       | some of the facts reported by the Daily, instead of writing
       | nebulously that their headline is misleading.
       | 
       | ```
       | 
       | UPDATE: To clarify, that comment is responding to another comment
       | saying "the report is very positive for MTL"
       | 
       | [1] https://stanforddaily.com/2023/04/06/stanford-president-
       | rese...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.gene.com/download/pdf/Findings-
       | of-2023-Genentech...
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | I bet that for every case of scientific fraud that is obvious
         | from the published paper (like this one), there are 10 cases of
         | scientific fraud which are never detected.
         | 
         | Think about it - a domain expert will do a far better job of
         | faking data than a random joe, and will be aware of most
         | statistical tests that could find out.
        
       | akhayam wrote:
       | Breaking the rat race of academic publications is long overdue.
       | 
       | In some domains, the call to break this vicious cycle is already
       | happening. E.g. ACM Sigcomm is one of the most prestigious and
       | exclusive conference in Networking and Distributed Systems
       | research. Some of the most profound researchers in that domain
       | are driving a pledge to fundamentally rethink what the conference
       | accepts and what gets presented:
       | https://sigcomm.quest/proposal.html.
        
         | Upvoter33 wrote:
         | And it's a bad proposal. To wit: "Concretely, after a paper has
         | been thoroughly discussed, any paper that still has at least
         | one advocate for acceptance should normally be accepted."
         | 
         | This is a terrible idea. People will have friends who get their
         | papers in, in return for the favor of the same.
         | 
         | Agree with your general point though. No easy answers though.
        
           | jimkoen wrote:
           | >This is a terrible idea. People will have friends who get
           | their papers in, in return for the favor of the same.
           | 
           | But this is already the case. In some fields even double
           | blind doesn't work because community members are aware of
           | each others research. If you're one of two people worldwide
           | who's specific specialization is the compression of semantic
           | knowledge streams, you're probably willing to be money on
           | your ability to spot your colleagues research.
        
       | seewhydee wrote:
       | Looking through report issued by Stanford's scientific panel, it
       | seems quite clear that (i) Tessier-Lavigne and/or people in his
       | group have been very naughty indeed, and (ii) most of their image
       | manipulations might have escaped notice if they'd only used fuzzy
       | select.
        
       | Slava_Propanei wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | justsayit wrote:
       | MSG got a bad rap due to a joke by scientists.
       | 
       | No matter how well educated, they're still just people and
       | biology is optimized for success.
       | 
       | At this point society needs to have a good long think about
       | enabling the reach of any specific individual.
       | 
       | Our math is not holistic truth as it's been shown there can never
       | be one true set of axioms. All philosophy is relative to human
       | awareness and agreement. The masses have always agreed rent
       | seekers are leaches who externalize providing for themselves.
       | 
       | We need to stop creating landed gentry; they're all just one of
       | billions like the rest. The work is important, not their
       | figurative identity; we don't need _them_ to carry out the work.
       | 
       | 3 months labor, 3 months off, 6 months white collar work. A
       | rotation such as that would effectively act as term limits on
       | social influence.
        
       | cvoss wrote:
       | The quotes from the chair of the board and from the president
       | himself in the second paragraph of the article are very
       | important. Neither concedes that Tessier-Lavigne's conduct
       | disqualifies him from his position as a preeminent researcher.
       | (Indeed, he will retain his tenure as a professor.) It is the
       | impact of the report and the discussions of the allegations which
       | make his continued presidency untenable. Do you note the
       | subtlety?
       | 
       | Secondly, I encourage every interested reader here to pull up the
       | actual report and read it. (The report and other statements from
       | the board can be found on the board's website [0].) In a large
       | laboratory, both honest mistakes and intentional data
       | manipulation will occur. They just will. There is no evidence to
       | suggest Tessier-Lavigne participated knowingly in fraudulent
       | activity. All the evidence points to the fact that he was made
       | aware of the issues at some point or another, proceeded to take
       | some corrective action, but did not ultimately do enough. Pass
       | your judgments on his actions and inactions, by all means, but
       | make sure you're passing judgment on what happened, not on the
       | impression you get of what happened from reading news articles.
       | 
       | [0] https://boardoftrustees.stanford.edu
        
       | balozi wrote:
       | Corporatized academia is far worse than Hollywood and Wall Street
       | when it come to protecting bad actors. The name of the the game
       | is "don't rock the boat and keep the grant money flowing". Nobody
       | wants to bring focus on another's questionable activities lest
       | their own receive focus.
        
       | gregwebs wrote:
       | There's a lesson here- if manipulated research is so game
       | changing that drug companies are trying to reproduce it and it is
       | used to propel a career to a university president then there will
       | be consequences.
       | 
       | Otherwise the estimates of published research being manipulated
       | range from 20 percent to being a majority and it's difficult to
       | get corrections or retractions.
       | 
       | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
       | https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-hea...
       | http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/aac4716
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655010/
       | http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v10/n9/full/nrd3439-c1.htm...
       | http://www.nature.com/news/1-500-scientists-lift-the-lid-on-...
        
       | veave wrote:
       | Trust the science, they say.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | foogazi wrote:
         | Trust but verify
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | Verify then trust
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | For his work that was funded with federal grants [1], are there
       | criminal charges prosecutors can bring?
       | 
       | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19225519/
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | I have a question: how to fix this? Could enhanced peer review
       | provide a solution? However, the peers are not detectives so I
       | really do not know.
       | 
       | It appears we are caught in an inevitable cycle: success in
       | academia is intrinsically tied to more published papers. That
       | inevitably fosters widespread fraud, as a small proportion of
       | unscrupulous individuals will ultimately corrupt the entire
       | system. As noted in the report, his lab had trend of favoring the
       | winners.
       | 
       | Furthermore, we need to consider that there are very powerful
       | external influencer such as politics and corporations, which can
       | sometimes lead to the distortion of data.
        
       | nomilk wrote:
       | For every false paper, I wonder how many other researchers waste
       | time pursuing research on false premises. And worse, how much do
       | fake papers influence broader society, through policy and
       | individual decision making.
       | 
       | I wonder if any economists have tried to measure the $ cost of
       | fake research.
        
         | AtNightWeCode wrote:
         | And doping. Now you think what? But. It is hard to compete with
         | people doing drugs to be able crunch 16h seven days a week to
         | get a result.
        
         | throwaway4837 wrote:
         | The cost of pursuing dead ends in science is NECESSARY and much
         | greater than the cost of pursuing fraudulent results, albeit
         | the latter being unnecessary. Probably 70%+ of time is wasted
         | on paths that lead to nowhere, and that is part of the process.
         | I would guess less than 1% of time is wasted because of
         | manipulation. The process finds fraudsters (bad) well enough,
         | and the process of being wrong (good) will always be central to
         | science, even though it's so expensive.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | It's definitely a source of wasted effort (I think almost every
         | postgrad student has a story of trying and failing to get
         | something described in a paper to work), but I would say that
         | fraud is only a small fraction of failure to replicate cases.
         | It's also quite common that there is some other factor making
         | it difficult to get something working in your lab that worked
         | somewhere else (which to be clear is still a problem, but a
         | different one).
        
         | EMCymatics wrote:
         | Dont forget people who spend resources just replicating
         | studies.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Papers don't establish ground truths in science; they start a
         | conversation. When bad papers are published due to misconduct,
         | there's a cost --- a pointless conversation occurs. But it
         | doesn't shake the foundations of science. People that actually
         | do science understand the implications of a published paper.
        
           | surement wrote:
           | > Papers don't establish ground truths in science > it
           | doesn't shake the foundations of science
           | 
           | the comment doesn't say any of that, just that resources are
           | wasted participating to these "conversations"
        
           | thaw13579 wrote:
           | Papers are often rejected due to lack of novelty compared to
           | previous work, especially if they contradict it. How many
           | paper were similarly rejected because this fraudulent work
           | was published?
        
       | dilawar wrote:
       | Sometimes I wonder, even after getting caught, academics has the
       | least to loose? The guy with still be a professor, right?
       | 
       | Can a doctor, and lawyer remain in his profession after such a
       | malpractice?
       | 
       | PS: Politicians dont count. Corrupt as they maybe, they still
       | have to face the music every 4-5 years.
        
       | sgammon wrote:
       | stanford daily absolutely killing it
        
       | catsarebetter wrote:
       | Wild that this wasn't covered up
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | Was this fake research funded by tax payers? Can they sue this
       | scientist to get some money back ?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hackernoteng wrote:
       | And they wonder why we dont all just "trust the science!"
        
       | hackernoteng wrote:
       | Anyone else vomit when they try to read academic "papers"? Its
       | like they are all written by some kind of Borg cult
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | Nope. Sorry, that's on you.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | How does academia deal with the fall out 'downstream' from such
       | retractions? Does this automatically invalidate each and every
       | paper that cited this one as a source? If not why not? Because if
       | that were the consequence I think a lot of people would be far,
       | far more cautious about what they cite and whether or not it has
       | been reproduced.
        
         | anjc wrote:
         | > and whether or not it has been reproduced.
         | 
         | Nothing would ever get done if this was the bar for citation.
         | Real advancements take place on the back of fraudulent results
         | in widely cited papers. Actually, even within papers that have
         | fraudulent results, advancements happen.
         | 
         | The motivation for such fraud is because work generally wont
         | get published without positive results, even if the work was
         | excellent. The fraud doesn't take the place of hard/great work.
         | I'm not defending the practice.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | Not many things are automatic in research paper publishing...
         | It all good old PDFs in which even the publication date doesn't
         | always appear. You have to look up the title and find out in
         | which journal / conference it's been published, and you get the
         | date.
         | 
         | Anyway, it would not be fair to automatically invalidate papers
         | citing retracted ones. Including:
         | 
         | - reproduction attempts
         | 
         | - some minor citation in related works
         | 
         | - it's usually not obvious that a paper is manipulated or even
         | wrong without any bad faith involved
         | 
         | Now, I wish we could update papers with disclaimers and notes,
         | but again, we are dealing with good old PDFs that are never
         | going to be updated...
         | 
         | Good luck even noticing that a paper was retracted.
         | 
         | I wish we had better formats and publication processes.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | You could deal with that in a reader or in a service where
           | you upload a draft of your paper which then spits out a list
           | of potentially problematic citations, even if those are more
           | than one step removed from your first citation.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | Sounds like a useful tool!
        
           | velosol wrote:
           | I'd just like to expand a bit on the minor citation: you
           | often cite the seminal papers in a field simply to give
           | context to the work you're doing and, in some fields, to show
           | competing or past equations as contrast to your method of
           | doing something.
           | 
           | None of those require the paper you're citing to be free from
           | fraud: seminal works with fraudulent or inaccurate results
           | may still have preparation methods that are applicable to
           | novel, non-fraudulent, experimental techniques and equations
           | are rarely at issue with data manipulation or other fraud.
           | 
           | There's still space to be aware of retracted papers in
           | citations as building directly on those results and managing
           | to show an improvement on doctored data would be suspicious
           | but I'm pretty sure that is the minority of citations in many
           | fields.
        
         | throwanma wrote:
         | I've been thinking about this for a while, what if we had a web
         | of fraud explorer where you can follow the citations of
         | fraudulent papers. And this just might align incentives more in
         | a direction of caution.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | To be blunt, running an institution does not necessarily require
       | the scientific creds in question. But interesting that they cast
       | the first stone
        
       | msie wrote:
       | I'm confused.
       | 
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/07/19/stanford...
       | 
       | "A panel of experts concluded that Tessier-Lavigne, a
       | neuroscientist who has been president of Stanford for nearly
       | seven years, did not engage in any fraud or falsification of
       | scientific data. It also did not find evidence that he was aware
       | of problems before publication of data."
        
         | skilled wrote:
         | Let me clear up the confusion,
         | 
         | > Stanford president resigns over manipulated research, will
         | retract at least three papers
        
           | yborg wrote:
           | I.e. he's nobly taking the fall for fraud committed by others
           | that he knew nothing about in the lab he was paid a large
           | amount of money to run and who attached his name to said
           | papers he had nothing to do with.
           | 
           | Even the spun version doesn't make him look very good.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | It helps if you read the following paragraph.
         | 
         | They couldn't prove he personally did the manipulation.
         | 
         | He oversaw work at three different institutions over two
         | decades that resulted in manipulated data by _someone_ , and
         | didn't issue corrections when those manipulations were pointed
         | out. If he didn't do it, he was incompetent or uninterested in
         | fixing the issues.
        
           | msie wrote:
           | Yes, I think most people (like me) will get the impression
           | that he was personally involved in fraud but at most he is
           | guilty of what you speak of.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | At most, he's guilty of fraud. That's unproven, but not
             | impossible.
             | 
             | At the _least_ , he's guilty of not noticing/caring about
             | stuff he really should have cared about, and as a result
             | wasted a whole bunch of money and human life (not just in
             | his own labs, but those relying on his work) that we can't
             | get back.
        
               | msie wrote:
               | It is so frustrating when everyone is working hard to
               | raise money for research to see it pissed away like this.
               | I just saw a commercial for an upcoming cancer charity
               | show put on by celebrities and I got really angry.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | Stanford is a toxic dump. It's time for people to stop holding
       | the school in such high regard. Perhaps the school that brought
       | us "Theranos" isn't good.
        
       | whatscooking wrote:
       | More evidence that science in its current state is more of a
       | religion than science. People only using it to further their
       | agenda
        
       | gloryless wrote:
       | This guy is like an actual billionaire. I have no idea if his
       | fraud extends to the actual drugs he's made money from, but I
       | wish these kinds of people were held to higher standards. Zero
       | chance he's gonna have any legal repercussion.
        
       | obblekk wrote:
       | I wonder if there should be criminal liability for this...
       | literally billions of dollars of misdirected research effort for
       | what may be a fraud.
       | 
       | Are amyloid plaques not an issue at all then, or coincidentally
       | still an issue (but not justified by the research this person
       | did)? Would be funny if this is a real world Gettier case.
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | Which papers are being retracted?
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Trust the science, bro
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | > According to Jerry Yang, chair of the Stanford Board of
       | Trustees...
       | 
       | Also the co-founder of Yahoo!.
        
       | ericpauley wrote:
       | Dupe: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-
       | xpm-1991-07-30-mn-131-st...
       | 
       | /s
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | Ok, I know this is a bit of a stretch, but bear with me: I think
       | we are seeing something similar to the doping scandal that took
       | down Lance Armstrong and many others a while back.
       | 
       | There was at least one year's Tour de France in which all but one
       | participant were later found to have been doping. In other words,
       | you didn't get to that level of that competitive activity, if you
       | didn't cheat, because it wasn't possible to outperform people
       | with such a significant advantage. It actually became a contest,
       | not just of bicycling, but of doping, because getting away with
       | it was quite difficult and it took years for the world of cycling
       | to get good enough countermeasures to shift the advantage to non-
       | doping.
       | 
       | Academic research has, for decades now, been a very competitive,
       | high stakes endeavor. Many fields have more people trying to work
       | in it, than there are spots (i.e. grants and endowed chairs)
       | available. If you have twice as many aspirants as slots
       | available, and "only" 25% of them cheat (in this case, fudge
       | their data to get more interesting results), then you get
       | something like 50% of your field filled with fraud.
       | 
       | Moreover, the closer they are to the top, the higher the
       | likelihood that they are "doping".
       | 
       | I live in Austin, TX, and I remember when nearly all of Lance
       | Armstrong's competitors had been busted, but he had not yet. I
       | said to other people, "well, that's it then, he must have been
       | doping. You can't win the Tour de France 7 years in a row against
       | doping opponents, if you're clean. Either doping doesn't work, or
       | he was doping."
       | 
       | I recall several people disagreeing, convinced that he was clean.
       | He wasn't clean.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Any competition without an effective referee (from the Tour to
         | Academics to presidential races) will devolve to the lowest
         | level. People always seem surprised by this...
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Universities are in the business of creating/discovering truth
         | _and_ shipping it. A Positivist review quickly shows things
         | like math are easy to prove true. As you work your ways down to
         | the humanities it becomes increasingly difficult. And
         | competitive.
         | 
         | Shipping truth that isn't powerful isn't as attractive to your
         | customers as truth that is. So you're incentivized to develop
         | truth that is. And you do this by hacking the accepted
         | standards in knowledge pursuit by starting with a conclusion
         | and working backwards. You tell a story based on the evidence
         | that's useful.
         | 
         | Now it's "the science" or at the very least "there's studies"
         | and this is useful to both the customers (NGOs, journals,
         | activists, lobbyists, media, anyone that wants to influence
         | policy) and the university (attracts money, reputation and
         | status) and the people shipping it (tenure, book deals,
         | speaking fees).
         | 
         | It's not a conspiracy. It's just simple incentives. The poor
         | guy who spends his time figuring out what the truth is not or
         | that ships truth that isn't immediately useful to the customers
         | is looking for a new job after his grant dries up.
        
           | friendzis wrote:
           | Exactly. In other words, there is a huge difference between
           | science as "pursuit of knowledge through thoroughly applied
           | scientific method" and science as "product of academic
           | process".
           | 
           | Incentive structures make sure that the latter is dominant in
           | _published science_.
           | 
           | Even if there was no intentional fudging of data, results and
           | interpretations by scientist teams, the results of science as
           | a whole could still be _heavily_ (over time) influenced by
           | simple biases in selection of grant applications. For example
           | if you only fund researches of type  "thing X good" and
           | dismiss all applications trying to prove "thing X bad", you
           | will eventually gather enough evidence for X to appear good,
           | regardless of how objectively "good" it is.
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | The other level of problem is that truth in reality means
           | consensus. You can argue about what truth is in reality, but
           | functionally it means consensus.
           | 
           | So it's not even about what is or is not true, or what is
           | recognized as useful in the short term, it's that what
           | defines truth at any given time is what is popularly believed
           | to be true.
           | 
           | This sounds very flaky but it has real consequences because
           | the incentives aren't just to find positive results, it's to
           | find positive results that are likely to be accepted by the
           | majority of the academic field. This kind of positive
           | feedback loop is bound to lead to pressure because science
           | almost by definition has to get some things incorrect -- it's
           | how progress is made. So people are actively punished for
           | going against the grain, or exploring areas where our
           | knowledge is limited and therefore prone to lots of negative
           | results because we just don't know.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | > The other level of problem is that truth in reality means
             | consensus
             | 
             | That's the job of the prestigious media. They manufacture
             | consent to the masses. They propagate right-think. Again,
             | not a conspiracy but simply incentives.
             | 
             | Anyways, there is _objective truth_. Not everything can be
             | settled that way though and you're right in that "truth"
             | can mean consensus in many instances.
             | 
             | The problem with that is that in many things the dissent is
             | tasked with proving claims _untrue_ , because of the
             | consensus, rather than those making claim to knowledge
             | having to prove it _is true_. There's a lot of this today.
        
             | mcpackieh wrote:
             | Perceived truth is consensus. But greater truth, reality
             | itself, remains true even if not a single person is able to
             | perceive it. You can't actually modify reality with wishful
             | thinking.
        
             | cb504 wrote:
             | For these scientific papers, at a minimum
             | truth==reproducibility.
             | 
             | For humanities and social sciences, it could mean
             | consensus, but in hard science it is different. You are
             | doing experiments that produce data. If someone else
             | repeats the experiment, they should get the same data.
             | 
             | In this case, no one could reproduce the results of the
             | papers in question.
             | 
             | I wonder how widespread this has become. How many
             | scientists, driven to publish, know that it is too
             | expensive to reproduce their experiment?
        
         | AmericanChopper wrote:
         | Doping in sports is so much more complicated than most people
         | think it is.
         | 
         | For starters there's so many performance enhancing substances,
         | and entire underground industries for developing and producing
         | them. All of these drugs would be banned by the blanket
         | prohibition on unapproved substances, but in practice many of
         | them don't have any screening procedures, so won't turn up in
         | any tests.
         | 
         | There's also the fact that many performance enhancing
         | substances are biologically identical to substances your body
         | is naturally producing (like bio-identical testosterone for
         | example). The only way to test for these is to test the ratios
         | of certain metabolites (with a margin for error to avoid false
         | positives). In practice this basically means any athlete can do
         | steroid cycles, as long as they are only boosting their test
         | levels up to that of a genetically elite outlier.
         | 
         | You also have the therapeutic use exemption, which allows for
         | legitimate therapeutic use of banned substances. Testosterone
         | replacement therapy is a legitimate therapeutic use of
         | steroids, and some sports are known for abusing TUEs for this
         | usecase.
         | 
         | Testing for PEDs is way less precise than a lot of people think
         | it is, and any motivated athlete can get away with PED use to
         | some extent, no matter how much testing you subject them to.
         | There's good reason to be suspicious of a lot of athletes. One
         | massively suspect category of athlete is all of the ones
         | in/near their 40s who somehow manage to maintain physiques as
         | good as/better than they had in their early 20s.
        
           | notknifescience wrote:
           | I would be very much interested in reading more about this,
           | do you have any good articles you could point me to?
        
             | AmericanChopper wrote:
             | This paper is a bit out of date, but gives a reasonable
             | overview of the challenges of testing for testosterone
             | supplementation
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657495/
             | 
             | Paper on challenges of detecting growth hormone
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830297/
             | 
             | Testing for both of those substances has improved, but
             | still leave plenty of room for abuse.
             | 
             | Use of "unknown" or the constant stream newly developed
             | substances is naturally not rigorously studied, but here's
             | a couple of articles referencing the challenges they pose.
             | 
             | https://thetruthaboutforensicscience.com/undetectable-
             | perfor...
             | 
             | https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1955231-undetectable-
             | the...
             | 
             | UFC is notorious for testosterone TUEs, but that's mostly
             | because they regulate things differently to most other
             | sports
             | 
             | https://www.espn.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/10500652/therapeut
             | i...
             | 
             | Top flight soccer is another sport that's constantly
             | garnering attention for TUEs, but most of the coverage of
             | that is speculative, because other than high level
             | statistics the TUE process is naturally not very
             | transparent (and most of the recent coverage on the topic
             | has been replaced by controversy relating to trans
             | athletes).
        
           | PleasureBot wrote:
           | Depending on the substance and quality, the time it is
           | detectable can be as short as 12 hours to a few days. There
           | is a reason lots of athletes refer to drug screenings as "IQ
           | tests". Only the dumb or careless get caught.
        
           | galenko wrote:
           | In my personal, anecdotal experience...
           | 
           | Once you get far enough in ANY sport, you start considering
           | tradeoffs between risking long term health and improving
           | performance. If you are a competent adult, you can evaluate
           | your drivers, consider risks.
           | 
           | But without fail, in ANY competitive sport, you realise that
           | you have to risk health in order to achieve that next
           | performance tier, there is no other way.
           | 
           | Once you get into that 1-10%(depending on sport) elite level,
           | you realise that there is no way you can compete without
           | PEDs.
           | 
           | I've participated in (taken myself) and have been a witness
           | to this in weightlifting(olympic and strongman), soccer,
           | cycling and swimming. Starting young. Real young.
           | 
           | Coaches of different sanity levels are trusted to make the
           | right choices and not often questioned by busy or absent
           | parents.
           | 
           | Everyone cheers on when medals are won and records are
           | broken, without consideration for how it happens.
           | 
           | I personally had no idea I was taking hormone modifiers until
           | about 16, it started at 11.
           | 
           | My coach just gave me what he said were vitamins and I never
           | questioned it, he was the closest thing to a father I had,
           | his authority was absolute.
           | 
           | At 16 I found myself in a hospital yellow as a banana on the
           | brink of liver failure, that's when I found out.
           | 
           | Everyone on our team took what the coaches gave. Once a while
           | we'd see a parent get into a shouting match with one of the
           | coaches about something we didn't understand and that kid
           | would never come back again.
           | 
           | Some of the guys I trained with went on to become highly
           | recognisable names in their respective sports. One even has a
           | supplement brand. Those I've kept in touch with continue PED
           | use, that is the price of being at the top of the game.
        
         | Graziano_M wrote:
         | > It actually became a contest, not just of bicycling, but of
         | doping, because getting away with it was quite difficult and it
         | took years for the world of cycling to get good enough
         | countermeasures to shift the advantage to non-doping.
         | 
         | Not just a contest of hiding doping, but of winning against
         | others who were doping. If everyone is doping, then you could
         | argue it's still a fair playing field, just with a higher skill
         | ceiling.
        
           | noah_buddy wrote:
           | It's not a fair playing field because there were still people
           | who did not cheat.
        
             | Graziano_M wrote:
             | That's why I said, "If everyone is doping" :)
        
               | optimalsolver wrote:
               | But that's not what you were actually implying.
        
             | DrBenCarson wrote:
             | As long as they knew others were doping, I would argue it
             | was still a fair playing field. The real advantage is in
             | others not knowing you are illegally enhancing performance.
        
             | jnsaff2 wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Bassons
        
           | friendzis wrote:
           | > If everyone is doping, then you could argue it's still a
           | fair playing field, just with a higher skill ceiling.
           | 
           | No, because now you have at least two contests in parallel:
           | the race event for the cyclist and through-the-year "doping
           | and not getting caught" for medical/management team.
           | 
           | For example one prominent olympic level swimmer was
           | disqualified because they failed to appear for testing
           | multiple times. Why would one do that just to come back after
           | disqualification?
        
         | johntiger1 wrote:
         | You've hit the nail head on. Also applies to China's anti-
         | corruption programs. Everyone who achieves any level of
         | political power is corrupt, but framing it in an anti-
         | corruption campaign allows you to target your political
         | enemies.
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | No need to single out China. All politics, and guess for
           | Academia, can extend to all human organizations, Church,
           | School, Government.
        
             | merman wrote:
             | You're making the preposterous assertion that all
             | countries' politicians are equally corrupt. That needs some
             | extraordinary data to support.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Didn't say equal. Just that all 'large' human
               | organizations tend towards corruption.
               | 
               | Churches, Governments, Academia. Hierarchies form,
               | incentives drift over time and become mismatched with
               | original intent. The proof is in history, look at Church
               | abuse, Inquisition, look at grade fixing, admissions
               | scandals, look at Volkswagen tweaking emissions, look at
               | CEO's lying to promote products. Our entire society is
               | based on the ebb and flow of some kind of corruption, or
               | ebb-flow of Law.
               | 
               | Even today, in America, half the population think that
               | the laws themselves are corrupt and should be broken.
               | Judges aren't trusted. So who is corrupt if you don't
               | have any foundation to judge anything against?
               | 
               | I'm totally against China taking Taiwan, but from a
               | 'certain point of view', they have point. It was a part
               | of China before the war, and the mainland 'won'. So they
               | think of it as unification.
               | 
               | Again. I am totally against China taking Taiwan. Just
               | think it is bit more nuanced.
               | 
               | Actually, think we are agreeing.
        
               | merman wrote:
               | If there's no need to 'single out' China then there's no
               | need to 'single out' doping in cycling, and no need to
               | 'single out' this one particular Stanford President
               | researcher, etc. The objective of your comment, that I am
               | pointing out, is that you are hand-waving corruption in
               | Chinese politics away by saying "but what about..."
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | I agree with that. If we hand-wave away all cases, then
               | we never tamp them down. Corruption would continue to
               | grow.
               | 
               | So, we should call out all cases. Even if there are so
               | many cases to cause one to become tired of the fight.
               | 
               | Maybe I was just reacting that in todays world the lines
               | have blurred enough that it is sometimes hard to tell if
               | you are fighting corruption, or if you have become the
               | corruption.
               | 
               | From different points of view both these are correct:
               | 
               | "The US experienced a Coup attempt by a president that
               | then did not suffer any consequences for his un-
               | constitutional actions"
               | 
               | or
               | 
               | "The President, fighting for the American Way against the
               | corrupt deep state government attempted to bypass a fake
               | election to continue his quest to root out evil? "
        
         | Georgelemental wrote:
         | I know several Tour de France aficionados, who would claim that
         | doping remains rampant, they are just better at hiding it now.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | brailsafe wrote:
         | I suppose you could probably also say the same of certain
         | housing markets. If the cost to rent or buy a place is
         | sufficiently high and the system actively prevents the prices
         | ever coming down to a point where people who didn't inherit
         | huge sums or came into that money some other way have a chance,
         | you might as well do whatever you can because the constraints
         | have been laid before you. At a certain point, you're just
         | evening the playing field and surviving.
        
         | EvgeniyZh wrote:
         | There are at least two problems with this argument. First,
         | faking a research in a way that won't be detected is hard,
         | especially if aim for high impact paper which probably will be
         | studied by others. That's why we hear a lot about fraud in top
         | tier venues. Lower ones probably have more problematic
         | publications. Second, having fake results won't guarantee you a
         | high quality publication, leave alone position in the future.
         | 
         | I can imagine some kind of first order phase transition in
         | which the amount of fraudsters becomes so large that self
         | correction breaks and instead they start to endorse each other.
         | But that'd be evident from the outside, since science will stop
         | producing real life results. We're definitely not there yet.
        
           | ramblenode wrote:
           | > First, faking a research in a way that won't be detected is
           | hard, especially if aim for high impact paper which probably
           | will be studied by others.
           | 
           | Fake is a spectrum. Soft faking is easy and
           | widespread--"p-hacking" is the polite term.
           | 
           | The stakes for faking it are low because most research is low
           | impact, most research is seldom reproduced, and even bad
           | research is rarely retracted. For that which is reproduced
           | there is plausible deniability--"researcher degrees of
           | freedom". Getting a high impact study published is more
           | important than having one retracted, so researchers follow
           | that incentive structure.
           | 
           | > But that'd be evident from the outside, since science will
           | stop producing real life results. We're definitely not there
           | yet.
           | 
           | Have you taken a look at the biosciences, social sciences,
           | and medicine? Basic research hasn't been reliable for
           | decades.
        
             | EvgeniyZh wrote:
             | > The stakes for faking it are low because most research is
             | low impact ... Getting a high impact study published
             | 
             | That's contradictory. For low impact studies you can fake
             | whatever you want, because nobody really cares. That
             | probably wouldn't promote your career either tho.
             | Publishing bunch of organic semiconductor papers in Nature
             | and Science will promote your career, but won't hold.
             | That's the point.
             | 
             | > Have you taken a look at the biosciences, social
             | sciences, and medicine? Basic research hasn't been reliable
             | for decades.
             | 
             | Not deeply, but I surely can come up with bio/med research
             | with real life applications that appeared in last 2-3
             | decades. Say mRNA vaccines?
        
               | Kbelicius wrote:
               | > That's contradictory.
               | 
               | What is contradictory in a claim that most research is
               | low impact thus easier to fake while the incentives for
               | publishing high impact research skews to publishing
               | bad/fake papers since publishing is far more important
               | then having a paper retracted?
               | 
               | > Not deeply, but I surely can come up with bio/med
               | research with real life applications that appeared in
               | last 2-3 decades. Say mRNA vaccines?
               | 
               | Nobody said that all research is faked.
        
               | EvgeniyZh wrote:
               | Ok, not contradictory, it is just two claims unrelated
               | both between themselves and to my original claim. Yes,
               | low impact research is easy to fake. Yes, there is
               | incentive to publish fake high-impact papers. Yes, it is
               | hard to create and publish fake high-impact impact
               | research.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | The entire fields of sociology, social psychology,
               | economics, literature, theological studies, etc are all
               | low impact. Even if you get in the best journals, it's
               | high impact for your career but low impact to society so
               | it will get very little scrutiny apart from the tiny
               | slice of academia you compete with.
        
               | EvgeniyZh wrote:
               | Again, I know that academia is very different among
               | fields, but usually high impact for career ~ high impact
               | for (sub)field, meaning people will want to look at your
               | data and possibly try to replicate it. Outside scrutiny
               | for science is extremely rare anyway
        
           | NovaDudely wrote:
           | It doesn't even need to be deliberately faked data but more
           | data published without much due process to ensure it
           | validity.
           | 
           | I have had about three people working in the research fields
           | that have used the term, off the record of course, "Publish
           | or perish".
           | 
           | Get it out the door, try to get the funding and hopefully if
           | it works out, solve the issues before it becomes a problem.
        
           | jvans wrote:
           | It doesn't have to be outright fraud. I imagine the vast
           | majority of manipulations are extremely subtle. Intentional
           | selection bias, multiple hypothesis testing without
           | correction or reporting the failed hypotheses(p hacking).
           | Most of these would improve your chances of finding important
           | results significantly and be almost impossible to detect
        
             | EvgeniyZh wrote:
             | For the first argument I can't really speak beyond my field
             | (physics, or specifically condensed matter physics), where
             | I think it's fairly hard to be subtle. Often it's partial
             | data presentation which allows for inverse Occam razor [1]
             | (proposing fancy explaination instead of a simple one),
             | which is why full data publication requirement are
             | important (and seem to happen more).
             | 
             | In smaller sub (sub)fields sometimes fraud becomes large
             | enough to self-sustain, like it happened with Majoranas
             | [2,3] but even that kind of self-corrected. [1]
             | https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.08284 [2]
             | https://twitter.com/spinespresso/status/1503352928656138241
             | [3] https://espressospin.org/2022/11/17/the-fallen-angel-
             | particl...
        
             | mcpackieh wrote:
             | > _without reporting the failed hypotheses(p hacking)._
             | 
             | This one is so subtle, it's probable that many of the
             | people doing it don't even realize they're doing something
             | wrong.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
         | I don't think this kind of fraud is even remotely close in
         | scale to the cycling doping you mention.
         | 
         | My primary reason for believing this is that as a scientist
         | myself, I've never done it, and none of my coauthors has ever
         | proposed to do something like that. I have seen other kinds of
         | fraud (e.g. ghost authorship) but not result manipulation.
         | 
         | But of course, If I were a fraudster myself I would also say
         | that I've never done it :)
         | 
         | So a more general argument: scientific "doping" is just not as
         | straightforward as cycling doping. In cycling, it's clear that
         | if you don't get caught (and have no scruples) you benefit from
         | doping, it makes you stronger.
         | 
         | In science, you first need an idea that looks
         | original/promising, and then you do the experiments and see if
         | the idea works or not. This kind of "doping" will only help if
         | you (1) are good at generating ideas, but (2) these ideas often
         | don't work. At least in my field, this is possible but far from
         | the most common situation to be. And in other situations, there
         | is not much benefit to faking results.
        
           | noobermin wrote:
           | >My primary reason for believing this is that as a scientist
           | myself, I've never done it, and none of my coauthors has ever
           | proposed to do something like that.
           | 
           | Are you sure? Also a) how far along are you and b) how far
           | from actual research work are you at this point?
        
             | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
             | I'm a full professor and PI of several projects. So sadly
             | more management than actual hands-on research lately, but
             | I've gone through all stages, of course.
             | 
             | And yes, I have more than 100 papers and in their making I
             | haven't fabricated data or seen anyone do so. If there is
             | fake data in any of them, it would be because someone
             | included it behind my back. But I doubt it's the case, as
             | during the course of my career we tried various things that
             | didn't work and we just moved on to other experiments. I've
             | never had a student or collaborator even suggest "let's
             | just edit the data and publish it". The most that we have
             | done is to try to cast negative results in a positive light
             | to make them publishable ("the results are promising...",
             | "the results are mixed but show improvements for some
             | dataset..."), but without touching the data or saying
             | anything factually incorrect.
        
           | jimkoen wrote:
           | > if you (1) are good at generating ideas
           | 
           | I have been joking with my former boss (who is a professor)
           | about how easy it is to come up with good ideas. We each have
           | five to six One Billion Dollar ideas before breakfast, and
           | another 1-2 while in the shower! /s
           | 
           | Coming up with ideas is _ridicolously_ easy, executing on
           | them is the hard part. If you're a seasoned researcher, it
           | shouldn't be hard to guess at the "meta" of your field,
           | you're probably aware of promising ideas discussed among your
           | colleagues. What if you faked results, proving one of these
           | ideas?
           | 
           | And the bar for cheating is _suprisingly_ low. I'm not a
           | researcher myself, but I've experienced how my work is torn
           | apart in peer review. But if you're dealing with data,
           | apparently no one makes sure to actually check it before
           | approval.[0][1]
           | 
           | [0] https://youtu.be/d2Tm3Yx4HWI?t=846 (analysis on the
           | original data from the Francesca Gino scandal, which already
           | looks suspicious without statistical analysis)
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/KsSuhP60qnI (faked data from the Hendrik
           | Schoen scandal at Bell Labs, as long as you make outrageous
           | claims no one can verify, you can continue to publish in top
           | journals)
        
             | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
             | I suppose this is heavily discipline-specific. In my
             | specific subfield of CS, the execution is often a Python
             | program or bunch of scripts that can be (and often are)
             | coded by an undergrad if given enough guidance on what
             | exactly is wanted. And then of course the way of presenting
             | it in the paper, choosing which data to show, etc. but
             | cheating doesn't help much there. The hard part in my view
             | is coming up with _what_ Python program should be written
             | (i.e. coming up with a relevant algorithm, experiment,
             | evaluation methodology, etc.).
             | 
             | I can see how in other fields, e.g. biomedical, execution
             | could be more challenging and ideas more plentiful.
             | 
             | Anyway, I don't think ideas (read: good ones, because
             | obviously anyone can have nonsense ideas) can be a
             | commodity in any field. It is quite widely accepted that,
             | e.g., when applying for an ERC grant (the highest-regarded
             | individual research grants in Europe), having a good idea
             | is as important as the CV if not more. This wouldn't be the
             | case if coming up with good ideas were so trivial.
        
           | slingnow wrote:
           | You make it sound so straightforward and simple.
           | 
           | > and then you do the experiments and see if the idea works
           | or not
           | 
           | The problem is "if the idea works or not" can be very fuzzy.
           | With a little p-hacking, anything can work! If nothing in
           | your original data/experiment supports your hypothesis, you
           | can just cherry pick some part of it that gives "significant"
           | results.
        
         | alijrtaliw wrote:
         | I (and others before and after me) filed complaints that my
         | advisor at UT Austin was falsifying data. University ignored me
         | and gave him tenure. It is commonplace and admin doesn't care
         | as long as it doesn't affect the endowment.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | canjobear wrote:
           | Are you willing to say who it is?
        
             | bigfoot675 wrote:
             | Yeah I'm also curious
        
         | azuriten wrote:
         | > There was at least one year's Tour de France in which all but
         | one participant were later found to have been doping. In other
         | words, you didn't get to that level of that competitive
         | activity, if you didn't cheat, because it wasn't possible to
         | outperform people with such a significant advantage.
         | 
         | This is not true. Even during the 1904 Tour de France where 9
         | people were disqualifed because of, among other actions,
         | illegal use of cars or trains [1] - 27 riders finished the
         | race.
         | 
         | Tour de France in the modern era has up to 180+ competitors
         | lining up, and there hasn't been a case of 100+ riders being
         | disqualified for doping.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Tour_de_France#Disqualifi...
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | Thank you for the correction, I either heard wrong back then,
           | or misremembered. I think the analogy/logic still applies,
           | though. Actually, this suggests even more strongly that the
           | higher their position in a competitive field, the more likely
           | they are doping...
        
           | rukuu001 wrote:
           | Yeah not the whole peleton, but most of Armstrong's main
           | rivals right? Like Contador etc. (I know his test was
           | contentious).
        
           | areyousure wrote:
           | Indeed, the claim needs to be adjusted to be correct. One of
           | the worst recent years was 2005: https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
           | i/Doping_at_the_Tour_de_France#2...
           | 
           | There, the claim is that _of the top 10 finishers_ , all but
           | one participant were either stripped of result in _that race_
           | or failed tests /were sanctioned for doping in another race.
           | 
           | (The remaining participant, originally #8 Cadel Evans, was a
           | documented client of Michele Ferrari.)
        
             | tfyoung wrote:
             | A one-off consultation prior to his road racing career to
             | see if he the right kind of fitness for road. I don't think
             | the association should be used to tarnish Cadel without
             | further evidence.
        
       | stuckinhell wrote:
       | Unbelievable, no wonder people don't trust the science!
        
         | scrum-treats wrote:
         | There's a reason for maintaining separation of corporate
         | capitalism and science/academia. People are persuaded by the
         | almighty dollar and the prestige. Before you know it academic
         | institutions and "prestigious" scientists are pushing
         | propaganda, for kickbacks.
         | 
         | While it may be difficult at times to maintain ethics and
         | integrity, it's always worth the commitment. Always.
        
         | MengerSponge wrote:
         | Thankfully Daddy Business always tells us when he lied to us.
         | 
         | Science is self-correcting. Not always right. This is part of
         | what self-correction looks like. It beats all known
         | alternatives.
        
           | stuckinhell wrote:
           | Science didn't self-correct here. The checks and balance in
           | the scientific systems failed so badly, a student journalist
           | uncovered the fraud. The problem is that Science has become
           | in your words "Daddy" Business.
        
             | MengerSponge wrote:
             | Oh, I see. Was the fraud revealed during discovery? Or was
             | it a deathbed confession? No. But it was revealed, and
             | championed by an undergraduate journalist.
             | 
             | It's important to track the provenance of ideas, and Theo
             | Baker wasn't the first person to identify the falsified
             | data. He has done _great_ work keeping Stanford from
             | burying the story, but he isn 't Elizabeth Bik, combing
             | through old Science articles looking for duplication.
             | 
             | And now the papers have been retracted, and the responsible
             | party faces laughably trivial consequences, all things
             | considered. A self-correcting system isn't going to get it
             | right all the time. The papers were under the aegis of a
             | powerful man, so it's not surprising that it took some time
             | for them to be corrected.
        
       | momirlan wrote:
       | so much for "this is science, anything saying otherwise is
       | conspiracy".
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | the 2009 paper repeatedly referred to in this article:
       | https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07767
        
       | d136o wrote:
       | So... what's going to happen now with all the behavioral science
       | people and their fabulous data
        
       | fdsafdsava wrote:
       | Still a member of the national academy of sciences.
       | 
       | https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20010006....
        
       | jpcfl wrote:
       | Trust the science (TM).
        
       | jononomo wrote:
       | Doesn't it seem like this kind of fraud should result in prison
       | sentences? I'm so sick of frauds in academia. I really wish the
       | elites in our society still took the idea of Hell seriously.
       | 
       | Also: "will resign effective August 31"??? Shouldn't this guy be
       | locked out of his office, have his laptop confiscated, and be
       | banned from campus immediately?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | That depends on what percentage of grant money you believe
         | should be spent on extra administration and ass-covering, which
         | is the standard institutional response to liability. Bear in
         | mind: a healthy chunk of grant money is already taken as a rake
         | by the sponsoring university.
         | 
         | Again, the optimal amount of research misconduct isn't zero!
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | Absolutely, but given the magnitude of the impacts, I'd like to
         | go after white collar crime first.
        
           | chimeracoder wrote:
           | > Absolutely, but given the magnitude of the impacts, I'd
           | like to go after white collar crime first.
           | 
           | This is literally white collar crime.
           | 
           | Like most white collar crime, it's not reported in "crime
           | statistics", and it may not be prosecuted for any number of
           | reasons, but it's literally the definition of white collar
           | crime.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | A transition period for a leadership role tends to be a good
         | plan, especially when the misconduct of the old leader is
         | rather tangential to the role (ie. he wasn't caught buying
         | Ferraris with university funds).
        
         | aliwrjtliawerj wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | ke88y wrote:
         | _> Doesn 't it seem like this kind of fraud should result in
         | prison sentences?_
         | 
         | It depends on the nature of the fraud.
         | 
         | I'm no fan of academia (see my post history), but this has to
         | be close to the bottom of my list of priorities. The last car
         | salesman I interacted with probably deserves more jail time
         | than even the most unscrupulous academic (and the car salesman
         | actually did commit a crime, but prosecution would be highly
         | surprising). Medical and drug insurance is another case where
         | there is systematic, intentional, and legal fraud literally
         | killing people every day. The insurance case in particular is
         | pernicious and full of literally deadly Catch-22 "tricks". See
         | also all the obviously criminal web3 stuff that will definitely
         | hit statute of limitations before any LE/prosecutor finds the
         | time to investigate and prosecute.
         | 
         | Most fraudsters don't see any legal punishment because LE and
         | prosecutor time is so limited relative to the amount of fraud.
         | And in the worst cases because the fraudsters have so much
         | money and power that even obvious bullshit is at least de facto
         | not criminal (see insurance).
         | 
         | So, anyways. Should it be criminal? Yes. Is it criminal? IDK.
         | Probably somehow. Is it where finite resources should be spent?
         | Not usually; IMO there are far worse types of fraud where the
         | people's LE+legal+legislative resources should be spent.
         | 
         |  _> Also:  "will resign effective August 31"??? Shouldn't this
         | guy be locked out of his office, have his laptop confiscated,
         | and be banned from campus immediately?_
         | 
         | Conjecture: there is probably a lot of "hand-off" work to be
         | done. Excluding my first two jobs, where I was a junior/mid-
         | level IC, I have always been asked to stay a least a month
         | longer than the typical 2 weeks to handle hand-offs.
         | 
         | I guess the best we can hope for is that the last month of
         | employment is living hell as he has to attend a bunch of hand-
         | off meetings as a totally disgraced academic/leader.
        
         | EMCymatics wrote:
         | >Doesn't it seem like this kind of fraud should result in
         | prison sentences?
         | 
         | It should but it probably wont.
        
           | jojobaskins wrote:
           | I remember a student who doctored his whole CV to get into
           | Harvard (and win awards) was sent to probation:
           | https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2010/12/16/harvard-
           | wheele... Although his case was more egregious.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | And pay back his salary ...
        
         | Method-X wrote:
         | Definitely. And on a broader note, white collar crime
         | effectively having zero repercussions is the main reason so
         | many of our institutions are failing.
        
         | Tao3300 wrote:
         | The prison system wouldn't be able to handle the influx.
        
         | nerdchum wrote:
         | He prob had millions in government grants to write those
         | papers.
         | 
         | Theres no accountability.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | You know barely any of the money goes to him personally
           | right? Grants aren't lottery tickets.
        
             | nerdchum wrote:
             | Ive worked in government labs and at universities.
             | 
             | The grant money literally pays their salary.
             | 
             | That aside... the amount of ways to commit corruption are
             | endless...
             | 
             | The amount of conferences they had in Italy and Malibu and
             | places like that...
             | 
             | The hot research assistant that never showed up to the lab
             | but got paid.
             | 
             | The endless tech project that took a decade and millions of
             | dollars to write a simple LMS because their buddy ran the
             | LMS company.
             | 
             | The showing up at 10Am and leaving at 3 with a long lunch
             | and working 20 hour work weeks.
             | 
             | The university creating a team devoted to hacking the grant
             | process.
             | 
             | The elite university people in charge of the funding giving
             | their other elite university alumni preferential treatment.
             | 
             | Zero diversity labs because scientists hire their buddies.
             | You can literally walk through university research
             | buildings and see all Indian Labs, all Chinese labs, etc.
             | 
             | The waste is massive and insane with our tax dollars. Its
             | literally white collar welfare. And it happens everywhere
             | and theres no accountability.
             | 
             | Its a giant scam wrapped in the virtue signaling of
             | altruistic science.
             | 
             | It needs to end.
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | _> The showing up at 10Am and leaving at 3 with a long
               | lunch and working 20 hour work weeks._
               | 
               | Mostly this.
               | 
               | The conferences honestly aren't that much of a perk,
               | relative to the pay differential, at least in STEM
               | fields.
               | 
               | The "hot research asst" thing was common in the past but
               | died down significantly with #MeToo (still a lot of
               | egotistical creeps ofc).
               | 
               | But the amount of general laziness dressed up as busyness
               | in academia is astounding. Most professors retire in
               | place some time in their early to mid 30s.
               | 
               | The solution is to end higher ed carve-outs in federal
               | grant awards. Let anyone qualified apply for and receive
               | NSF funds. Stop tying tax dollars to university
               | affiliation.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | > The solution is to end higher ed carve-outs in federal
               | grant awards. Let anyone qualified apply for and receive
               | NSF funds. Stop tying tax dollars to university
               | affiliation.
               | 
               | I think this is infinitely better than the current system
               | of just giving money to scientists.
               | 
               | And it's a step in the right direction towards
               | eliminating government funding for science altogether.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | The entire field of Alzheimer's Disease research has been a mess
       | for years. None of it has led to really effective clinical
       | treatments. I get the sense that many researchers are feeling
       | pressure to show positive results in order to justify continued
       | funding, and at the margins some make unethical choices.
        
         | norwalkbear wrote:
         | This is why fraud in science especially when funded by taxpayer
         | money in important fields deserves PRISON.
         | 
         | Damn my father has Alzheimer's, so this really hurts deep.
        
           | outside415 wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > 7 orders of magnitude more effective at crossing the
             | blood brain barrier
             | 
             | In rats. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/1210
             | 11090653.h...
        
               | outside415 wrote:
               | Human trials are underway. I've been taking it for 2
               | months. It's very powerful. If it were my relative I
               | would try everything (lions mane, fasting, dihexa, etc).
               | Neurodegenerative diseases are horrifying. If you're
               | waiting for human clinical trials of the peptides that
               | are up and coming it will be too late for people already
               | starting to decline to benefit.
        
               | outside415 wrote:
               | https://www.alzforum.org/therapeutics/fosgonimeton
        
           | a-dub wrote:
           | it's a known issue and science in general is improving on the
           | reproducibility front.
           | 
           | i think that technological complexity kind of snuck up on
           | many fields and it has taken time for the very competitive
           | research culture to adapt.
           | 
           | releasing data was a complicated proposition back in the
           | 2000s, where today more and more are appreciating the need
           | for it.
           | 
           | i think the real solution to all these problems comes from
           | adjusting the funding model. there should be more money
           | available for those who are willing to do the less exciting
           | work of completely reproducing pivotal results from scratch.
        
           | digging wrote:
           | > This is why fraud in science especially when funded by
           | taxpayer money in important fields deserves PRISON.
           | 
           | Oof, I couldn't disagree more. As a society we should be
           | moving away from punitive measures and toward systemic
           | reform. I don't think the prospect of prison time is going to
           | deter people from playing the game they feel they have to in
           | order to get research funding.
        
             | MadcapJake wrote:
             | I couldn't _agree_ more with _you_! The problem is in
             | either the pressure to remain funded or the pressure to not
             | admit defeat. Or a mixture of the two. We need to work on
             | removing those roadblocks. This could be only the tip of
             | the iceberg and harsher punishment is only going to drive
             | people to get better at obfuscation /manipulation.
        
             | Slava_Propanei wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _fraud in science especially when funded by taxpayer money
           | in important fields deserves PRISON_
           | 
           | Yes, but it must meet a strict standard of intent. Jailing
           | scientists based on the content of their work is generally
           | risky. If you create specific areas where prosecution is
           | likely, you're more likely to dissuade research than increase
           | quality.
           | 
           | The present problem appears to be the fraud has a low
           | probability of being caught. Improving that might have better
           | pay-offs than deepening consequences for the minority who get
           | found out.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | There's options between jail and nothing, like fines on the
             | institution, bans on receiving grants etc.
             | 
             | As for low probability of being caught, nah, academic fraud
             | gets caught all the time. There's so much out there it's
             | like shooting fish in a barrel. Elizabeth Bik primarily
             | goes after biomedical studies that can be spotted via image
             | analysis and has said:
             | 
             |  _"Science has a huge problem: 100s (1000s?) of science
             | papers with obvious photoshops that have been reported, but
             | that are all swept under the proverbial rug, with no action
             | or only an author-friendly correction ... There are dozens
             | of examples where journals rather accept a clean (better
             | photoshopped?) figure redo than asking the authors for a
             | thorough explanation."_
             | 
             | University vice presidents are almost always reluctant to
             | get involved, and is that so surprising when fraud is so
             | widespread that the President of Stanford is caught doing
             | it? All you do by exposing fraud is make enemies. Theo
             | Baker is an undergrad studying CS so has many options
             | outside of academia but if he didn't, would he really have
             | shot the king like this?
             | 
             | Enforce sanctions against the people who are so lazy about
             | fraud they get caught by random volunteers on Twitter,
             | _then_ worry about how to find the rest.
        
               | kansface wrote:
               | > bans on receiving grants etc
               | 
               | Bans on grants, or the government could claw back the
               | money. In either case, the universities would be
               | incentivized to never recognize fraud ... which is maybe
               | no different actually.
        
             | seizethecheese wrote:
             | I disagree entirely. Scientists are highly trained
             | professionals.
        
           | wredue wrote:
           | There is no connection between punitive actions and reduction
           | of the causal behaviour.
           | 
           | Fraud in science is a problem in that the very small minority
           | of actors that conduct themselves unethically has had massive
           | reach with groups that seek to discredit science.
           | 
           | 20 years ago, being science illiterate was seen as bad for
           | you. Today, 50% of us believe that being science illiterate
           | is a positive trait in people seeking presidency.
           | 
           | Jail or not, these people are causing significant public
           | issues, so I'll have to agree. It's not going to reduce it,
           | but still, fuck them for the damage they've wrought.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | I'm sorry for you and your father, but research fraud didn't
           | cause his Alzheimers. It sucks that there is no treatment or
           | cure but that is the case with a lot of diseases.
           | 
           | I think something like fines equivalent to the amounts of the
           | grants for the institution, and professional censure and a
           | ban from working in grant-funded research for the researcher,
           | would be more effective and appropriate than prison.
        
             | some_thoughts wrote:
             | But research fraud does delay finding treatment. How many
             | hours of wasted time chasing dead ends.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | In the last 25 years, tens of billions almost all spent
               | chasing the amyloid beta hypothesis, with other theories
               | getting the short end of the stick.
               | 
               | It didn't start changing until outside researchers wrote
               | a major editorial about how bad it was in _Nature_.
               | 
               | The biggest alternative is the infection hypothesis -
               | amyloid beta is left by our immune reaction to diseases
               | that manage to get into the brain. If that idea had been
               | pursued for 25 years, we might actually know by now what
               | the real connections are with HSV1 (warts), gum disease,
               | and so on.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | That presumes there is a treatment, and the proposal to
               | research it would have been funded, and it would have
               | been found to be effective. But yes, research dollars are
               | somewhat of a fixed pie, and there are always people who
               | don't get a slice.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jeremyjh wrote:
             | That research fraud cost the public billions and set the
             | field back more than a decade. Sad, huh?
             | 
             | I think being flayed alive would be more appropriate than
             | prison.
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | Well most of the problems probably come from "Well this
         | expirement was inconclusive but surely this mechanism is real
         | and is the cause so I will just be a little selective in my
         | data so it won't get dropped"
         | 
         | And after six iterations of this it just never pans out. Real
         | replication is whether you can reliably build on top of a
         | previous study.
        
       | dwrodri wrote:
       | I really think there needs to be some deep reexamination of the
       | current way we quanitfy the value of research output in the
       | academic world. I don't have the time or energy to develop a full
       | argument in favor of an alternative replacement, but I'll do my
       | best to share a "cut down" version.
       | 
       | Some of the biggest problems with the current system are:
       | 
       | * Peer Review has its share of problems[1][2][3] that create
       | horrible second order effects, especially among those pursuing
       | PhDs[4]
       | 
       | * Elsevier, Nature, Science/AAAS and others perform rent-seeking
       | behavior to the extent where I think it's worth asking whether
       | they hinder the funding and dissemination of good science more
       | than they help. As a personal aside, I always found it very off-
       | putting that DeepMind regularly publishes in Nature in Science,
       | despite the fact that outside of AlphaFold, their work often has
       | little overlap with the readership that typically frequents these
       | journals.
       | 
       | Personally, I am of the opinion that platforms like Semantic
       | Scholar, arXiv and OpenReview are doing a better job of promoting
       | open and transparent academic research with improved
       | accessibility to both the public and the researchers doing good
       | work.
       | 
       | Given the power of being mentored by great scientists, it makes
       | sense to have filtering processes which concentrate great
       | researchers in a small amount of schools. My point is that if
       | there is too little oversight, these institutions become
       | incentivized to all but encourage bad behavior in order to
       | maintain their image. We need systems which encourage MORE
       | transparency into the process of creating science and MORE
       | accessibility because an important part of scientific research is
       | it's uncertainty.
       | 
       | Tools like arXiv, Semantic Scholar, and OpenReview are all steps
       | in the right direction, and it would be good to promote the
       | useage of these tools outside of their current userbase as I
       | think they provide a system for people to observe science more
       | easily, and for important parts of the research process to be
       | accessed by all.
       | 
       | 1: https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/115231/why-
       | is-p...
       | 
       | 2: https://blog.neurips.cc/2021/12/08/the-
       | neurips-2021-consiste...
       | 
       | 3: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-
       | abstract/19498...
       | 
       | 4: https://medium.com/@tnvijayk/potential-organized-fraud-in-
       | ac...
        
       | throwawaywww wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Wikipedia discusses the reliability of academic sources here[0],
       | advising "extreme caution" when using primary research papers,
       | preferring reviews.
       | 
       | This incident is a case in point, and I wish media wouldn't rush
       | to publicize papers until they have been through much more
       | extensive validation, replication and review. It's especially
       | worrying when primary medical research is enthusiastically rushed
       | into the hands of doctors many years ahead of the systematic
       | reviews that temper them.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Som...
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | _looks nervously at the arxiv culture in AI..._
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I think publication of code culture in AI mitigates this
           | relatively well compared to other fields, but it is getting
           | strained recently.
        
           | tmpz22 wrote:
           | Hello I work for Hubris Ventures and noticed you had AI in
           | your comment. Are you interested in funding?
        
             | klabb3 wrote:
             | Hello I work for Hype Bank and noticed you had venture in
             | your comment. Are you interested in some cheap loans?
        
         | zeroCalories wrote:
         | I don't think there is a lot wrong with doctors, or specialists
         | getting hold of individual or preprint papers. Sometimes
         | they're the best you have when you need to make decisions.
         | 
         | I think the problems start when you have a layman trying to
         | understand a topic. You can find all kinds of papers and
         | results with contradicting evidence, so you need foundational
         | knowledge to interpret them.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | "doctor" is more lay of a title than many think imo
        
             | zeroCalories wrote:
             | Doctors vary but they're still the best at what they do,
             | which is deciding on a treatment given limited information.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | In my ideal world, they shouldn't be doing that at all.
               | They should be _advising_ on treatments and performing
               | said treatments, not deciding on them.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | My understanding is that in the U.S a patient always has
               | the right to refuse treatment. The only power a Doctor
               | might have is to deny a treatment, but that seems
               | reasonable from a positive/negative rights perspective.
               | But I get it, you and the other poster are trying to seed
               | doubt about vaccines.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | _you and the other poster are trying to seed doubt about
               | vaccines_
               | 
               | WTF? How did you get that from what I wrote? Are you
               | under the impression that individual doctors decide on
               | which vaccines to give to which patient?
        
           | AmericanChopper wrote:
           | I think a bigger problem (especially if you think ordinary
           | people shouldn't be entitled to their own opinions), is when
           | people advocate for science to have the final say on all
           | matters of public policy. Especially when so many people
           | consider any form of skepticism towards scientific findings
           | to be some sort of heresy.
        
             | zeroCalories wrote:
             | What else should we depend on, vibes? Even the claim
             | "scientific findings aren't reliable" is a claim that can
             | only be confirmed through science. Science isn't an
             | exclusive institution, everyone is welcome to participate.
             | But a preprint + conspiratorial thinking isn't a substitute
             | for good arguments.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | > What else should we depend on, vibes?
               | 
               | Well the purpose of public policy is to serve the will
               | and preferences of the people, so I'd suggest we should
               | rely on our democratic processes to have the final say on
               | all matters of public policy.
               | 
               | > Even the claim "scientific findings aren't reliable" is
               | a claim that can only be confirmed through science.
               | 
               | This is complete nonsense. Anybody can point out the
               | flaws in any claim made by science, or demonstrate a
               | reason for why something might be false. Even a freshman
               | CompSci student with a side interest in journalism.
               | Perhaps scientists will only accept their findings being
               | falsified by appropriately qualified people who follow
               | whatever formal procedures they deem appropriate, but who
               | cares? If I were to read a study that made some wild
               | claims that were barely supported at all by the data
               | gathered from their clearly flawed experiments, then I'm
               | welcome to draw my own opinion that "that study seems
               | like bs to me", and it's not necessary for me to have
               | that opinion validated by any scientific process or
               | institution.
               | 
               | > Science isn't an exclusive institution, everyone is
               | welcome to participate.
               | 
               | This is also nonsense. Public discussions on science are
               | extensively gatekept to only allowing the views of "the
               | experts" and people who agree with "the experts". A non-
               | expert challenging the claims made by an expert is
               | misinformation, and should be fact-checked and flagged
               | with a disclaimer, or removed from the discussion
               | entirely.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | > Well the purpose of public policy is to serve the will
               | and preferences of the people, so I'd suggest we should
               | rely on our democratic processes to have the final say on
               | all matters of public policy.
               | 
               | Policy in the U.S is decided through democracy. But that
               | begs the question, how should voters decide how to vote?
               | Unless your belief is that vibes are valid, then it
               | should be science.
               | 
               | > This is complete nonsense...
               | 
               | And it seems like that is your position. If you think
               | there is widespread systemic error in science, I got bad
               | news for you about vibes.
               | 
               | > This is also nonsense. Public discussions on science
               | are extensively gatekept to only allowing the views of
               | "the experts" and people who agree with "the experts". A
               | non-expert challenging the claims made by an expert is
               | misinformation, and should be fact-checked and flagged
               | with a disclaimer, or removed from the discussion
               | entirely.
               | 
               | Have you considered that people get fact checked because
               | they say some wild things without good evidence? Do you
               | not care that people can just make things up?
        
       | vorpalhex wrote:
       | What are the actual papers?
        
         | entrepy123 wrote:
         | TL;DR: References [1-3] further below are the direct answer to
         | your question, "What are the actual papers?" (the "3 papers"
         | referenced in the submission title; those that it is said that
         | Tessier-Lavigne will retract). The PubMed links are as follows:
         | 
         | - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10399920/
         | 
         | - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11239160/
         | 
         | - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15510105/
         | 
         | To elaborate:
         | 
         | From [0], "...To date, all three of these papers (Cell '99,
         | Science '01 Binding, Science '01 Silencing) remain
         | published....Dr. Tessier-Lavigne has stated to the Panel that
         | he intends to retract all three papers."
         | 
         | Also from [0], "As to the five reviewed papers where Dr.
         | Tessier-Lavigne was a principal author...Specifically, a group
         | of three papers contain images that are the result of
         | manipulation of research data (Cell '99, Science '01 Binding,
         | Science '01 Silencing)...A fourth primary paper also contains
         | images (which Dr. Tessier-Lavigne did not personally prepare)
         | that indicate manipulation of research data (Nature '04)....The
         | Panel understands that Dr. Tessier-Lavigne now intends to
         | retract at least three publications on which he is a principal
         | author".
         | 
         | For the four papers named in the quotes above, citations and
         | links appear below [1-4]. I'd suggest reading [0] (as linked
         | from OP's article) for more details. There are other papers
         | discussed in [0], too.                 [0]
         | https://boardoftrustees.stanford.edu/wp-
         | content/uploads/sites/5/2023/07/Scientific-Panel-Final-
         | Report.pdf       [1] Cell '99: Hong K, Hinck L, Nishiyama M,
         | Poo MM, Tessier-Lavigne M, Stein E. A ligand-gated association
         | between cytoplasmic domains of UNC5 and DCC family receptors
         | converts netrin-induced growth cone attraction to repulsion.
         | Cell. 1999;97(7):927-941. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80804-1,
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10399920/       [2] Science '01
         | Binding: Stein E, Zou Y, Poo M, Tessier-Lavigne M. Binding of
         | DCC by netrin-1 to mediate axon guidance independent of
         | adenosine A2B receptor activation. Science.
         | 2001;291(5510):1976-1982. doi:10.1126/science.1059391,
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11239160/       [3] Science '01
         | Silencing: Stein E, Tessier-Lavigne M. Hierarchical
         | organization of guidance receptors: silencing of netrin
         | attraction by slit through a Robo/DCC receptor complex.
         | Science. 2001;291(5510):1928-1938. doi:10.1126/science.1058445,
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11239147/       [4] Nature '04:
         | Lu X, Le Noble F, Yuan L, et al. The netrin receptor UNC5B
         | mediates guidance events controlling morphogenesis of the
         | vascular system. Nature. 2004;432(7014):179-186.
         | doi:10.1038/nature03080,
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15510105/```
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | Here's a list if you scroll down and also the altered images
         | with annotations. The photoshopping is pretty brazen.
         | 
         | https://stanforddaily.com/2022/11/29/stanford-presidents-res...
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > Today, the Stanford board's special committee released the
         | law firm's and scientific panels' findings, which are based on
         | more than 50,000 documents, interviews with over 50 people, and
         | input from forensic science experts. Its report finds that for
         | seven papers on which Tessier-Lavigne was a middle, or
         | secondary, author, he bears no responsibility for any data
         | manipulation. The primary authors have taken responsibility and
         | in many cases are issuing corrections.
         | 
         | > But the 22-page report (plus appendices) found "serious
         | flaws" in all five papers on which Tessier-Lavigne is
         | corresponding or senior author: the 1999 Cell paper, the two
         | 2001 Science papers, a 2004 Nature paper, and the 2009 Nature
         | paper from Genentech. In four of these studies, the
         | investigation found "apparent manipulation of research data by
         | others." For example, in one case, a single blot from the 2009
         | Cell paper was used in three different experiments, and a blot
         | from that paper was reused in one of the 2001 Science papers.
         | 
         | > The 2004 Nature paper also contains manipulated images, the
         | report found. Although the report says the allegations of fraud
         | and a cover-up at Genentech involving the 2009 Nature paper
         | were "mistaken"--people likely conflated the fraudulent paper a
         | year earlier, and Genentech scientists' problems replicating
         | the work, it suggests--that paper showed "a lack of rigor" that
         | falls below standards.
         | 
         | https://www.science.org/content/article/stanford-president-t...
         | 
         | PubPeer alsoshows which papers they've been involved with that
         | has "Errata" or "Expression of Concern":
         | https://pubpeer.com/search?q=authors%3A+%22tessier-lavigne%2...
        
         | akhayam wrote:
         | Not sure which ones, but here is the whole history of Marc's
         | research publications:
         | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Marc...
        
         | drakythe wrote:
         | I haven't found a specific list, but did find this article with
         | a bunch more details https://www.statnews.com/2023/07/19/marc-
         | tessier-lavigne-sta...
        
       | dcsommer wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | mvdtnz wrote:
         | This isn't Reddit. If you have something to say, say it, but
         | drive-by content-free comments like this aren't appropriate
         | here.
        
         | panarky wrote:
         | If you have evidence of scientific misconduct then show what
         | you've got. If not, the culture-war bullshit is off-topic.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | She repeatedly misquoted research in her papers. This has
           | been well documented. Here's a comprehensive critique of her,
           | by Stanford math professor Brian Conrad: https://sites.google
           | .com/view/publiccommentsonthecmf/?ref=st...
        
             | panarky wrote:
             | The investigation into these allegations was terminated
             | after finding no wrongdoing.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | There was a previous investigation, years ago, which
               | failed to dismiss her as a tenured professor (which is
               | very difficult to do -- as we've seen with MTL). But the
               | document I linked to is from 2023, related specifically
               | to her misrepresentations in the CMF. That has not had a
               | hearing, AFAIK. If you have more information, please
               | share it!
               | 
               | I would be surprised if misstatements in such a document
               | (which is not published research) could lead to a tenured
               | professor being fired. But I would welcome an
               | investigation by the Daily into the issue, which could
               | turn up evidence of other misrepresentations in contexts
               | that are more likely to receive administrative scrutiny.
               | She surely has freedom of speech, as a professor. But
               | purposely and persistently misquoting research is
               | precisely the sort of thing that professors can be
               | punished for.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | I tried looking at that document. It's pages upon pages
               | of nitpicky detail causing my eyes to glaze over.
               | 
               | Better would be something which points out the scientific
               | misconduct. Otherwise it comes across like a Gish gallop.
               | 
               | As an example, I picked one of the documents - https://dr
               | ive.google.com/file/d/17O123ENTxvZOjXTnOMNRDtHQAOj... -
               | and found a comment that intrigued me:
               | 
               | > In some places, the CMF has no research-based evidence,
               | as when it gives the advice "Do not include homework . .
               | . as any part of grading. Homework is one of the most
               | inequitable practices of education." The research on
               | homework is complex and mixed, and does not support such
               | blanket statements.
               | 
               | I stuck "homework inequitable" in Google Scholar and
               | found
               | https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/8910k087s
               | saying "Based on the literature, it is apparent that
               | homework is not equitable for students from low
               | socioeconomic backgrounds. It is important to mention
               | that some studies claimed a positive correlation with
               | homework and learning outcomes, but those studies don't
               | take socioeconomic status into account."
               | 
               | There's a book from 2000 on the topic, "The end of
               | homework : how homework disrupts families, overburdens
               | children, and limits learning", at https://archive.org/de
               | tails/isbn_9780807042182/page/n9/mode/... and "Rethinking
               | Homework: Best Practices That Support Diverse Needs" with
               | a second edition in 2018.
               | 
               | This all makes me wonder _why_ doesn 't the research-
               | based evidence support this statement?
               | 
               | If it isn't "one of the most", what are the most?
               | 
               | Or is the issue that the author doesn't understand the
               | topic enough, so think it's too complex for anyone else
               | to understand?
               | 
               | > the document I linked to is from 2023
               | 
               | That's an unfair characterization. While parts of it are
               | from 2023, https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2022/05
               | /05/california... shows the document was there in 2022.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | > _That 's an unfair characterization. While parts of it
               | are from 2023, https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/202
               | 2/05/05/california... shows the document was there in
               | 2022._
               | 
               | The document was edited over the last year or so, as the
               | CMF was released and edited. But the investigation
               | referenced by another commenter took place way back in
               | 2006, well before the CMF popped up. [1]
               | 
               | 1:
               | https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/10/15/stanford-
               | prof...
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | Thank you for agreeing with me about that point.
               | 
               | What about my more substantial one - I don't have the
               | time to dig through what appear to be a lot of personal
               | disagreements about what how to interpret research, so
               | would you please highlight the part which you best
               | believe constitutes scientific misconduct?
               | 
               | I mean, sure, repeating a false myth about calculus from
               | the 1800s may be wrong, but if that counts as misconduct
               | then there's a _lot_ of misconduct going on in academia.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | I didn't actually agree with you -- I maintain that it is
               | not " _an unfair characterization_ ", since the document
               | was created a decade and a half after the investigation
               | that another commenter referenced. Nice try on claiming
               | the W though!
               | 
               | > _Or is the issue that the author doesn 't understand
               | the topic enough, so think it's too complex for anyone
               | else to understand?_
               | 
               | I would say the same to you, in your attempt to critique
               | Professor Conrad's piece. As you say, your eyes glazed
               | over so you didn't actually read it. Perhaps you should
               | read it before concluding that it doesn't contain
               | anything of value.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | You original wrote "But the document I linked to is from
               | 2023, related specifically to her misrepresentations in
               | the CMF".
               | 
               | I said it was unfair because it was from 2022, with edits
               | in 2023.
               | 
               | You agreed that it was from 2022, with edits in 2023.
               | 
               | > Perhaps you should read it before concluding that it
               | doesn't contain anything of value.
               | 
               | Again, Gish Gallop. This has the mark of throwing
               | everything on the wall in hopes that something will
               | stick. Making a mountain out of every molehill means it's
               | hard to see if there are any actual mountains.
               | 
               | You say it's evidence that she "repeatedly misquoted
               | research in her papers". My own spot check of literally
               | the first topic I looked into makes me suspect the
               | author's own ability to interpret the research. I listed
               | my analysis - am I wrong?
               | 
               | Otherwise, sure, perhaps that one item I looked at is an
               | exception and the rest of the document contains actual
               | mountains.
               | 
               | Since _you 've_ read the report, what misquoted research
               | stands out to you as the most damning?
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | For those who don't know this kerfuffle
             | 
             | Dr. Brian Conrad is a very vocal critic of the California
             | Math Framework. He definitely has an axe to grind.
             | 
             | Dr. Jo Boaler is a British education author and Nomellini-
             | Olivier Professor of Mathematics Education at the Stanford
             | Graduate School of Education. Boaler is involved in
             | promoting reform mathematics and equitable mathematics
             | classrooms. She is the primary author of the California
             | Math Framework.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | It's probably worth noting that they are both full
               | professors at Stanford, not just a guy with a doctorate
               | vs a Stanford professor.
               | 
               | I'm unaware of Professor Conrad having an "axe to grind".
               | AFAIU, he simply thinks that what Professor Boaler
               | advocates is incorrect, and he sees fit to describe the
               | myriad mistakes and misrepresentations in her research
               | and advocacy.
               | 
               | He shares this outlook with many people, including those
               | who believe that despite saying that she advocates for
               | "equity", her agenda would actually lead to worse
               | outcomes for many students, including low-income students
               | who lack family resources to procure advanced
               | mathematical education.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | That certainly sounds like what someone who agrees with
               | Dr. Conrad, and has the same axe to grind, would say.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | When I look up "axe to grind" I see this definition:
               | 
               |  _have a private reason for doing or being involved in
               | something._
               | 
               | I have never met Professor Boaler, nor do I have any
               | private/hidden agendas. Do you simply mean "someone who
               | disagrees with" when you say "axe to grind"? If so, it's
               | somewhat of a meaningless epithet. If you mean the normal
               | definition, I'd be curious what evidence you have for
               | that (related to Professor Conrad, or me).
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Well, let's just agree to disagree, then.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | If you won't say what you mean, there's no other choice!
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Oh yes, there is another choice. Rather than assume that
               | what I mean is the dictionary definition and asserting
               | your opinions, why not ask some good questions?
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Seems to me like she is the victim of right-wing conspiracy
             | theorists.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Did they cover her misdeeds before? I'd love to see that
         | reporting. Such a shame that the state of CA adopted the math
         | framework she was pushing, even though so many of her
         | colleagues (STEM professors, not education professors)
         | described the negative impact it will have on learning and
         | college readiness.
        
       | anoxor wrote:
       | The rot goes SUPER deep team
        
       | doh wrote:
       | > According to Jerry Yang, chair of the Stanford Board of
       | Trustees, Tessier-Lavigne will step down "in light of the report
       | and its impact on his ability to lead Stanford."
       | 
       | Jerry Yang, as the same Jerry Yang that co-founded Yahoo. Didn't
       | know he is on the board of trustees at Stanford.
        
         | poorbutdebtfree wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | swyx wrote:
           | lol is this a dig at Andrew Yang? why discuss hypotheticals.
           | a fraud is a fraud.
        
         | valarauko wrote:
         | He's been Chair since July 2021. At Stanford, Yang has served
         | twice on the board of trustees, the first time from 2005 to
         | 2015. He joined the board again in October 2017 and has served
         | as its vice chair.
         | 
         | Yang & his wife have also given over $75 million to Stanford.
        
         | ykonstant wrote:
         | It's a small world up there.
        
       | harry8 wrote:
       | The whole field of psychology shifts uncomfortably in it's chair.
       | Replication crisis.
       | 
       | My prediction is a well rehearsed closing of ranks and naked
       | abuse of anyone questioning integrity.
       | 
       | Not all psych research will be unreliable just like not all
       | professional cyclists take drugs, maybe, given the apt tour de
       | France Armstrong analogy made by rossdavidh here.
        
       | telltruth wrote:
       | Below summarizes the epidemic at many labs, especially in AI. If
       | you want funding, GPUs and head count then you must prove
       | yourself to be in top 5. The result is relentless pressure for
       | the results that can create headlines.
       | 
       |  _It identified a culture where Tessier-Lavigne "tended to reward
       | the 'winners' (that is, postdocs who could generate favorable
       | results) and marginalize or diminish the 'losers' (that is,
       | postdocs who were unable or struggled to generate such data)."_
        
       | dluan wrote:
       | Aside, what do you even do now if you are Tessier-Lavigne? Where
       | do crooks go after they are caught but not properly punished?
       | Some pharma company?
        
       | chakintosh wrote:
       | Academia is rotten to the core.
       | 
       | My wife is doing her PhD and the stories she tells me are
       | absolutely scary. It's about how you can easily fake your entire
       | research, manipulate the numbers and writing a borderline
       | fictional thesis and still earn your PhD. And all that with no
       | oversight, and in lots of cases, the little oversight there is
       | turns the blind eye because the professors have a lot to gain
       | from having their name mentioned in the papers.
        
       | contemporary343 wrote:
       | What is concerning is there were even more allegations that
       | weren't included because they could not offer anonymity to those
       | providing them:
       | 
       | https://stanforddaily.com/2023/07/19/sources-refused-to-part...
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | The provost has also stepped down, presumably because she knew
       | the new president will select a new provost. Given that she
       | announced her resignation 10 weeks ago, she must have known that
       | this outcome was the likely one. [1]
       | 
       | 1: https://news.stanford.edu/report/2023/05/03/persis-drell-
       | ste...
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | wow, I didn't see that one coming. There was something
         | underwhelming after the John L Hennessy handoff and the new
         | cast of characters I couldn't put my finger on at the time. The
         | tone of the alumni magazine changed in a direction I wasn't too
         | fond of but too complex to nail and articulate at the time why.
        
       | adamsmith143 wrote:
       | Just another result of the terrible Publish or Perish incentives
       | in Academia.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | Smart and skills do not rule out malice.
        
       | latenightcoding wrote:
       | So what happens next? does Stanford and his past employers sue
       | for what he has already been paid? Does he lose his prestigious
       | degrees? Because if this ends with his resignation, the fraud was
       | totally worth it.
        
         | boeingUH60 wrote:
         | Lavigne holds board positions at two biotech companies, Denali
         | and Regeneron. He has sold over $70 million of shares over the
         | past three years and still has Denali shares worth around $63
         | million [1]...he can live the rest of his life on a luxury
         | beach if he wishes, lol
         | 
         | 1 - https://www.secform4.com/insider-trading/1437435.htm
        
       | dayvid wrote:
       | I personally know two people who quit their PhD programs because
       | of fraud. One was given the option to resign and basically not
       | speak about it or face repercussions.
        
         | juicybilberry wrote:
         | Yes I've personally heard similar stories. Students who were
         | prevented from graduating until they produced significant
         | results, even though their dissertation studies were approved
         | by committees. So they'd eventually resign because they got fed
         | up with it.
         | 
         | Or students and postdocs threatened with presenting or
         | publishing null findings that run counter to senior scientists'
         | previously published theories.
         | 
         | Etc etc etc
        
       | satisfaction wrote:
       | I would imagine this is more common that we know or expect. The
       | incentives are too great and university administrators exist is
       | such large numbers that cheating your way into those positions
       | must be a common tactic for 50% of the people in those positions.
        
       | cameldrv wrote:
       | Underplayed here is the role of Elisabeth Bik (@microbiomdigest
       | on Twitter). She's spent years doggedly finding photoshopped
       | images in published research papers, including these ones.
        
         | umeshunni wrote:
         | Super fascinating. Do you have any links to this research?
        
           | jashkenas wrote:
           | She wrote a guest essay for us at NYT Opinion last fall,
           | describing and showing examples of her investigative work:
           | https://nyti.ms/43ti6y1
           | 
           | (Gift link, no paywall)
        
             | Phiwise_ wrote:
             | Here's one of any archived links; no paywall, can't be
             | edited, and chokes out NYT's telemetry and metrics and
             | such: https://archive.ph/hytwz
        
               | konschubert wrote:
               | The NYT needs to make money to pay its Journalists.
               | 
               | After somebody who presumably works there posts a free
               | link, you see the need to do this?
        
               | harry8 wrote:
               | You can always justify behavior that causes someone else
               | cost. Like the NYT with all their spyware?
               | 
               | Both queries are reasonable ones to make. A spies by
               | default without proper consent, B blocks by default
               | without consent.
               | 
               | Is this optimal? Can we do better?
        
               | konschubert wrote:
               | I recommend you don't read NYT articles if you don't want
               | your IP to be logged.
        
               | harry8 wrote:
               | I recommend you put up convincing evidence that this is
               | all that the NYT log about visitors because I don't
               | believe that and it sounds a bit, well, glib to be
               | honest. I don't read the nyt fwiw.
               | 
               | Moreover I recommend you have a slightly closer look if
               | you are really holding up the nyt as a bastion of ethical
               | behavior. But at least they stand up for Assange and
               | journalism not being criminalised while doing stenography
               | for the powerful (amongst some decent real reporting,
               | some now being criminalized, away from the front page),
               | right? I'm sure they'll balance their reporting about
               | wikileaks by quoting someone who doesn't actively hate
               | them any day now.
               | 
               | Anyway it should be noted that saying what you believe as
               | you've done is the right thing and I endorse it even when
               | defending the revenue a company that had $2.31 Billion on
               | the books last year and has been a marker of inter-
               | generational wealth and power for 170+ years to the
               | family that owns it. I agree that what that looks like
               | genuinely doesn't matter with regard to what you think is
               | _right_ in any ethical analysis. That goes unsaid too
               | often imho.
        
               | Phiwise_ wrote:
               | >The NYT needs to make money to pay its Journalists.
               | 
               | Don't threaten me with a good time.
               | 
               | If j*urnos want money, they should choose to start acting
               | in a way that deserves it at some point.
        
               | Phiwise_ wrote:
               | >The NYT needs to make money to pay its Journalists.
               | Don't threaten me with a good time.
               | 
               | If j*urnos want money, they should choose to start acting
               | in a way that deserves it at some point. In this case, if
               | "The Paper of Record" needs to be regularly recorded from
               | outside to be held to account for shoddy jobs and stitch-
               | ups, exactly what service is it actually providing?
        
               | konschubert wrote:
               | ok then
        
             | noizejoy wrote:
             | Thanks for the link and wow! A very worthwile read. And
             | this paragraph raised the alarm level even more for me:
             | 
             | > Things could be about to get even worse. Artificial
             | intelligence might help detect duplicated data in research,
             | but it can also be used to generate fake data. It is easy
             | nowadays to produce fabricated photos or videos of events
             | that never happened, and A.I.-generated images might have
             | already started to poison the scientific literature. As
             | A.I. technology develops, it will become significantly
             | harder to distinguish fake from real.
        
               | gmd63 wrote:
               | Why don't scientists live stream their experiments and
               | have more rigorous verification of methodology?
        
               | araes wrote:
               | This is actually one of the reasons I believe some
               | foreign web commerce sites tend to do so well. There's a
               | culture of filming everything. Film the product being
               | made. Film the completed product in packaging. Film the
               | completed product interacting with its environment and
               | humans. Really adds to the "this product is real, and not
               | a scam." Much larger barrier for falsification.
        
               | cb504 wrote:
               | This would be a great tool for other teams to learn
               | new/different methodologies. I guess the reason is
               | competition.
               | 
               | But reproducing studies could be live-streamed without a
               | problem.
        
             | cb504 wrote:
             | One of the things that surprised me was that she was
             | identifying manipulated and duplicated images using her own
             | eyes.
             | 
             | This could be done via software, and might catch more
             | papers than the ~6k out of 100k that she did.
             | 
             | In the software world, there are tools for this, "software
             | composition analysis". I worked at a company that got
             | busted for violating GPL, and as part of settling the suit,
             | all software had to be run through BlackDuck and all
             | warning/issues found by the tool had to be resolved before
             | the software could be released. (NOTE: the software that
             | violated GPL was from an acquisition)
        
             | getoffmycase wrote:
             | The image where she found the duplications in the
             | microscopy image demonstrates an absolutely unreal pattern
             | recognition ability. I knew of her, but I hadn't previously
             | seen this essay
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | Her site is:
           | 
           | https://scienceintegritydigest.com/about/
           | 
           | https://scienceintegritydigest.com/
           | 
           | She wrote an op-ed in the NYT last year: https://www.nytimes.
           | com/interactive/2022/10/29/opinion/scien...
           | 
           | She says her work has led to 938 papers being retracted.
           | 
           | One of the interesting parts to me is that most of her work
           | seems to be completely manual. She seems to have an eye for
           | seeing photoshop on microscopy images or images of gels. The
           | biggest method of fraud that she seems to find is researchers
           | cutting and pasting from one image to another, for example,
           | the scientist runs a gel but the results don't work out the
           | way they hoped, so they paste in a line from another gel to
           | make the experiment look like it worked.
           | 
           | The uncomfortable part is that this is just one of many ways
           | that you could fabricate or alter research results, and Dr.
           | Bik is only one person finding it in her spare time. Probably
           | a whole lot of fraud goes undetected.
        
             | crtified wrote:
             | > One of the interesting parts to me is that most of her
             | work seems to be completely manual. She seems to have an
             | eye for seeing photoshop [...]
             | 
             | Brings to mind the skills of the 'super recogniser'.
             | Perhaps her manual work involves similar aptitude.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_recogniser
             | 
             | --
             | 
             | Later edit: Indeed, the NYT article mentions -
             | 
             | "Since childhood, I've been "blessed" with what I'm told is
             | a better-than-average ability to spot repeating patterns.
             | It's a questionable blessing when you're focused more on
             | the floor tiles than on the person you're supposed to talk
             | to. However, this ability, combined with my -- what some
             | might call obsessive -- personality, helped me when hunting
             | duplications in scientific images by eye." - Elisabeth Bik
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | She also use a computer to double check her findings,
               | from GP link:
               | 
               | > Most duplications were confirmed by ImageTwin.
        
             | chakintosh wrote:
             | What the hell!? This is insanity!
             | 
             | > https://scienceintegritydigest.com/2023/06/27/concerns-
             | about...
        
               | nashashmi wrote:
               | It is. And should make you double think before you do the
               | same photoshopping.
               | 
               | They are watching us.
        
       | lnwlebjel wrote:
       | Richard Feynman on the subject:
       | 
       | "researchers must avoid fooling themselves, be willing to
       | question and doubt their own theories and their own results, and
       | investigate possible flaws in a theory or an experiment. He
       | recommended that researchers adopt an unusually high level of
       | honesty which is rarely encountered in everyday life, and gave
       | examples from advertising, politics, and psychology to illustrate
       | the everyday dishonesty which should be unacceptable in science.
       | Feynman cautioned,[3]
       | 
       | 'We've learned from experience that the truth will come out.
       | Other experimenters will repeat your experiment and find out
       | whether you were wrong or right. Nature's phenomena will agree or
       | they'll disagree with your theory. And, although you may gain
       | some temporary fame and excitement, you will not gain a good
       | reputation as a scientist if you haven't tried to be very careful
       | in this kind of work. And it's this type of integrity, this kind
       | of care not to fool yourself, that is missing to a large extent
       | in much of the research in cargo cult science.'"
       | 
       | from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult_science
       | 
       | The frauds and bad scientists _will_ be found out, eventually.
        
         | fud101 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Ok, but can you please not post unsubstantive and/or
           | flamebait comments to HN?
           | 
           | You may not owe Richard Feynman better, but you owe this
           | community better if you're participating in it.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | currymj wrote:
         | "eventually" might be a while. these fairly obvious (once
         | pointed out) photoshops were just sitting in the open in the
         | top scientific journals in the world for 20 years...
        
         | chinchilla2020 wrote:
         | Eventually you _will_ be found out. Unfortunately that could be
         | at 63 (like the Stanford president) after you have had an
         | entire career and tens of millions in compensation. Other times
         | it may be after your death.
         | 
         | Sadly, this is a hard scam to catch and most top researchers
         | may never get enough scrutiny to get caught.
        
           | mathisfun123 wrote:
           | > Eventually you will be found out.
           | 
           | this just isn't true. you're assuming because you only see
           | this every once in a while that it must be rare and policed
           | effectively. it's actually the complete opposite - very
           | common and not policed at all. the much more likely thing is
           | that your paper with fabricated data will never be read.
           | that's as good in the sense that no harm no foul but it still
           | has the effect of padding out people's CVs that don't deserve
           | it. but hey - don't hate the player hate the game is my
           | motto.
        
             | chinchilla2020 wrote:
             | Fair enough. I was just quoting the guy above me.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > The frauds and bad scientists will be found out, eventually.
         | 
         | That's nice, but some frauds could potentially be very, _very_
         | costly for society. There needs to be some deterrent as well.
        
           | zeroCalories wrote:
           | There needs to be heavy deterrent, but there also needs to be
           | room for genuine failure. A lot of research, in both
           | academic, public, and private domains, is worthless. When you
           | spend months, or years on dead end research it can be a
           | disaster for your career. The temptation to misrepresent or
           | fabricate results is strong in those situations.
        
             | Eji1700 wrote:
             | That's the problem. Spending years to fail in research
             | shouldn't nuke your career. Finding out it's not worth
             | doing is as, if not more, important as finding the way to
             | do it
        
           | robwwilliams wrote:
           | Biomedical science is not self-correcting on any reasonable
           | time scale. Ten to twenty year errors and distractions are
           | common, and can have a huge direct and indirect cost.
           | Alzheimer's disease research and the APP mania is a case in
           | point.
        
             | swyx wrote:
             | APP Mania?
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | Amyloid precursor protein
               | 
               | The original study on that from like 2006 turns out to be
               | faked
               | 
               | https://www.science.org/content/article/potential-
               | fabricatio...
        
           | hgomersall wrote:
           | As well we are discovering from 40 years of neoclassical
           | economics being a dominant force in policy.
        
           | systemvoltage wrote:
           | Only if we can question experts. That seems to get you in
           | trouble.
        
         | hiq wrote:
         | > The frauds and bad scientists will be found out, eventually.
         | 
         | The Stanford president mentioned is 63 years old and had a full
         | academic career before being found out. It might even be that
         | he remains financially well-off (I'm assuming his current role
         | paid well for the last few years).
         | 
         | For every big case such as this one, how many more commit fraud
         | without being noticed?
         | 
         | These quotes address what a scientist should do to do science,
         | not what is practical to have a career in academia. The latter
         | is more relevant in practice, because rigor and integrity don't
         | get you tenure on their own.
        
           | P_I_Staker wrote:
           | I've been fascinated by this recently. Could you wind up
           | better off, even getting exposed with a fraud scandal.
           | 
           | We always assume it's a tragic tale, and we're seeing someone
           | crushed into a rock bottom state. It seems in many cases they
           | still end up ahead of where they would be.
           | 
           | I even wondered if that would happen with Theranos. It's
           | possible she's even ahead now of where she would be without
           | fraud. I tend to think a lengthy prison sentence is never
           | worth it, but if she had got off easier that would be a
           | different story.
        
           | stonogo wrote:
           | The "The frauds and bad scientists will be found out,
           | eventually" is still relevant. The point is that the
           | priniciples of collaborative peer review should keep the
           | field on track, not that it will rain vengeance down on some
           | miscreant. The papers being retracted is far more important,
           | in the long run, than this person being punshed or not.
        
             | jonhohle wrote:
             | But it should also be a reminder to those not in academic
             | fields to take preprints and even published research with a
             | huge grain of salt. Between political pressure, incentives
             | to cheat to get funding and status, and the "infallibility"
             | of people in authority, peer reviewed research is not
             | looking very good to the average Joe. Hopefully it will
             | eventually get straightened out, but it's looking more like
             | an entrenched ministry of truth.
        
           | bgirard wrote:
           | > It might even be that he remains financially well-off (I'm
           | assuming his current role paid well for the last few years).
           | 
           | I would say so. From one of the article:
           | 
           | > Tessier-Lavigne's salary at Regeneron in 2014 was
           | $1,764,032, according to a previously-unreported class action
           | lawsuit alleging excessive compensation for members of the
           | Compensation Committee, which included Tessier-Lavigne. It
           | was later settled. He earned $1,555,296 from Stanford in 2021
           | with an additional $700,000 annually as a board director for
           | Regeneron.
        
             | boondoggle16 wrote:
             | > Tessier-Lavigne's salary at Regeneron
             | 
             | Wait, the company that re-sells "medical waste"? e.g.
             | foreskins, cord blood, placentas? Body parts that should
             | reside with their rightly owner, but doctors butcher and
             | steal for self-enrichment?
        
           | aredox wrote:
           | Exactly. He stiffled the career of many honest scientists by
           | siphoning money and prestige that should rightfully have been
           | directed elsewhere. The damage is done.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | This documentary series comes to mind [1], where in the end
             | they go over the fallout and all the collective research
             | years wasted and budding careers stunted (including people
             | outright leaving research) because as students/postdocs
             | trying to replicate the work of a scientist who was
             | considered to be a potential nobel laureate, they couldn't
             | possibly question the work they were trying to replicate.
             | 
             | I feel this aspect of research fraud is even worse than the
             | other established scientists who had their research
             | impacted. In the mentioned case, the established scientists
             | were essentially unharmed with a large body of other work
             | to lean on and many having some form of job security, while
             | the PhDs and postdocs suddenly found themselves unable to
             | list most of their experience on their CV, despite the
             | established scientists being the most qualified to verify
             | the fraudster's work. Especially for someone in a
             | leadership position at a university, I wonder how that
             | doesn't eat them up inside.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfDoml-Db64
        
       | alexfromapex wrote:
       | I know of some similar misconduct around research at another well
       | known university. Hopefully the field can be reformed further to
       | protect against manipulated research because it's extremely
       | dangerous to the public interest.
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Research papers seem to be fundamentally flawed in that the
       | person who has most to gain, is essentially the person measuring
       | the results - classic conflict of interest problem. The peer
       | review is clearly ineffective against a highly motivated
       | nefarious individuals.
        
       | jbreckmckye wrote:
       | I am not familiar with Tessier-Lavigne's work, except that it
       | concerns Alzheimer's disease. Is there a summary of what findings
       | / hypotheses are now in question?
        
       | jxding wrote:
       | Link to full pdf of the Report issued by Stanford's "special
       | committee:" https://boardoftrustees.stanford.edu/wp-
       | content/uploads/site...
       | 
       | Some extracts:
       | 
       | "There were repeated instances of manipulation of research data
       | and/or subpar scientific practices from different people and in
       | labs run by Dr. Tessier-Lavigne at different institutions"
       | 
       | "At various times when concerns with Dr. Tessier-Lavigne's papers
       | emerged--in 2001, the early 2010s, 2015-16, and March 2021--
       | Dr.Tessier-Lavigne failed to decisively and forthrightly correct
       | mistakes in the scientific record."
       | 
       | "However, a second theme emerged among some of the interviewees
       | that the same lab culture also tended to reward the "winners"
       | (that is, postdocs who could generate favorable results) and
       | marginalize or diminish the "losers" (that is, postdocs who were
       | unable or struggled to generate such data)"
       | 
       | Considering that Stanford's special committee has every reason to
       | protect Tessier-Lavigne and damage control, the findings are
       | quite damning.
       | 
       | Good on Theo Baker for continuing to provide a more critical
       | perspective compared to the cushy political speak of the report.
        
         | brutusborn wrote:
         | Interesting that Stanford found the 2009 paper "lacked vigor"
         | and Genentech found no-one "reported observing or knowing of
         | any fraud, fabrication, or other intentional wrongdoing in the
         | research leading to and reported in the 2009 Nature paper." [0]
         | 
         | So basically the euphemism "lacked vigor" = "wasn't scientific"
         | but since it wasn't "intentional" or "known" no-one can be
         | blamed for it? Am I the only one who doesn't really care if bad
         | science is intentional or fraudulent? They should be judged on
         | their science, which was objectively dogshit, not on their
         | morality, which is subjectively dogshit, but conveniently can't
         | be judged by the relevant parties because everyone involved got
         | amnesia.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm being too harsh but shadiness in public health really
         | irritates me.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c...
        
       | tempsy wrote:
       | I don't know what's been going on at Stanford lately but feels
       | like there's been numerous scandals piling up one by one.
        
       | pperi11 wrote:
       | Another win for berkeley
        
       | p1esk wrote:
       | He probably didn't even read those papers.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Yet listed as co-author, so good thing we're getting rid of
         | him.
        
       | kaptainscarlet wrote:
       | Trust the science.
        
         | nvaofdv3332 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | panarky wrote:
       | The student-run newspaper broke the story and relentlessly
       | pursued it.
       | 
       |  _Stanford president's research under investigation for
       | scientific misconduct, University admits 'mistakes'_
       | 
       | https://stanforddaily.com/2022/11/29/stanford-presidents-res...
       | 
       |  _Stanford president dodges research misconduct questions_
       | 
       | https://stanforddaily.com/2023/04/25/stanford-president-dodg...
       | 
       |  _Internal review found 'falsified data' in Stanford President's
       | Alzheimer's research, colleagues allege_
       | 
       | https://stanforddaily.com/2023/02/17/internal-review-found-f...
       | 
       | The reporter, Theo Baker, is a freshman.
       | 
       | https://stanforddaily.com/author/tabaker/
        
         | frankfrank13 wrote:
         | Obviously a sad, and kind of disturbing story, but the meta-
         | story is incredible
        
         | quailfarmer wrote:
         | All written by freshman reporter Theo Baker:
         | https://twitter.com/tab_delete/status/ His parents are NYT
         | chief White House correspondent Peter Baker, and New Yorker
         | staff writer Susan Glasser.
         | 
         | It's an interesting story for sure.
        
           | boeingUH60 wrote:
           | I checked his bio, and Baker appears to be a computer science
           | student doing journalism as a hobby.
           | 
           | It brings me to wonder how much choice people really have in
           | choosing their paths...if both your parents are journalists
           | or [insert whatever profession], it's as if you're likely to
           | pick it up no matter how hard you try not to...
        
             | glimshe wrote:
             | Part of it is that people like what they are good at.
             | Having both parents providing years of mentoring and
             | experience will invariably give their child an edge in that
             | skill set, which leads to a higher chance of embracing it
             | in adulthood.
        
             | pmarreck wrote:
             | > It brings me to wonder how much choice people really have
             | in choosing their paths
             | 
             | I believe the correct answer here is "not a lot," but not
             | in the way that you probably think.
             | 
             | I couldn't be more different from my German-immigrant
             | parents. Neither of them were college-educated, my father
             | was the general manager of a moving company before he
             | retired and my mom was a travel agent before she had me.
             | They were both very generally hardworking and I (frankly)
             | only work hard in very specific circumstances (ADHD brain).
             | I excelled academically and was pretty immediately drawn to
             | computers (I'm talking like 1982, with the Commodore PET; I
             | was 10). Neither of my parents were technical, or even that
             | literate, or even that successful (my dad, even as a mere
             | "general manager of a small moving company", was
             | nevertheless the most successful person in his family).
             | Nevertheless they managed to put together enough money to
             | send me off to Cornell, where I got a Psych degree with a
             | "CS minor" (you don't declare minors at Cornell, but let's
             | just say I hounded the CS department for courses I could
             | take; I didn't like the inflexibility of being a CS major,
             | though, and I had messed up a critical calculus course that
             | was a requirement for many of them)
             | 
             | I also did a 4 year stint in the USAF (after a very poor
             | first-year showing at Cornell where I bombed academically
             | due to no study habits, having coasted through HS) wherein
             | I was an aircraft mechanic and pushed computers away as far
             | as I could (this was literally just 2-3 years before the
             | Internet would explode in 1995, and sentiment about people
             | who were really into computers was very much still "big
             | nerd"; I was a late-bloomer ::cough:: virgin ::cough:: and
             | felt the need to push anything "uncool" away from me as
             | much as possible). _Despite this overt conscious effort to
             | avoid computers,_ one day the _commander_ calls me into his
             | office (my immediate reaction was  "oh sh--, what did I
             | do?") and proceeds with this spiel:
             | 
             | "Airman Marreck, word has gotten back to me about your
             | giftedness with computers." (Wait, _what?_ And then
             | suddenly, with some horror and trepidation, I remembered
             | flashes of memory: Walking past VT100 terminals that were
             | inop to keyboard input until I couldn 't help but set them
             | right. Hearing about someone complaining about some Windows
             | 3.1 issue and helping them. Fixing a formatting issue with
             | printouts of flight records. Helping another person ranked
             | above me with an Excel issue. Etc. Etc. Etc.)
             | 
             | He continued. "I am offering you the opportunity to cross-
             | train into [whatever the USAF's version of software
             | engineer was, I forget]"
             | 
             | My honest thought: _This f---ing thing has boomerang 'ed
             | back to me despite every effort I've made to avoid it._
             | (Clearly, I let SOME efforts slip through... And truth be
             | told, I was ready to accept it, having felt I matured a
             | bit. And gotten my V-Card stamped, of course.)
             | 
             | I asked "What's the catch?" He says "Extending your
             | enlistment for 2 more years."
             | 
             | I thought "if I'm supposed to do this, then I'm going to do
             | it in the civilian world, and benefit from civilian
             | salaries."
             | 
             | I said "Thank you, but no thanks."
             | 
             | Anyway, the thing you love (and we could have a very deep
             | discussion about where that _comes from_ , because I
             | certainly never _consciously chose_ it) is the thing you
             | will do. I feel I don 't really have a choice, since you
             | can't really choose what you love, you just either do or
             | don't.
             | 
             | So... For some at least, there may not be much of a choice.
             | But it may also have nothing to do with their parents.
             | 
             | The closest relative that might have had anything to do
             | with me being into computers is my mother's father, who was
             | an accountant, and could add up a column of numbers just by
             | sliding his finger down them (and that quickly). That is
             | _literally_ the only  "analytical" type of person in my
             | entire extended family.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | That's a wonderful story (and told well).
               | 
               | > The closest relative that might have had anything to do
               | with me being into computers is my mother's father, who
               | was an accountant, and could add up a column of numbers
               | just by sliding his finger down them (and that quickly).
               | That is literally the only "analytical" type of person in
               | my entire extended family.
               | 
               | How much of that was because relatively few jobs 50/ 75/
               | 100 years ago required "analytics" as we think of it? For
               | your parents and others of their generation, how many of
               | those jobs were gated behind education (and the English
               | language) they didn't have as kids?
               | 
               | Research has shown that environment ("nurture") have huge
               | impacts on development, but it's also shown that genetic
               | inheritance ("nature") plays a major role and perhaps a
               | bigger one that environment. That doesn't mean it's
               | easily recognizable when comparing someone born in the
               | 1940s versus the 70s versus the 2000s.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | > if both your parents are journalists or [insert whatever
             | profession], it's as if you're likely to pick it up no
             | matter how hard you try not to...
             | 
             | How likely is it for you to be {Catholic,Muslim,Hindu,etc}
             | if your parents are? What about the food you like?
             | Interests? Etc
             | 
             | The answer is high, but not 100%. I say this as someone who
             | comes from a _very_ religious family (I'm more areligious),
             | the only person who does anything even remotely STEM
             | related, and has a very different diet than my parents. So
             | triple whammy (but probably unsurprising to get both given
             | one).
             | 
             | It's just likely that you are going to be more similar to
             | your parents than not. Not sure why we should expect
             | otherwise. As an example, growing up in my house there was
             | a lot of discussion of politics and business. It is
             | probably no surprised that almost everyone works in sales.
             | But friends who have parents who are professors grew up
             | listening to and discussing academic ideas. Essentially
             | what is happening is that at an early age we're all being
             | trained and this training is heavily influenced by the
             | teacher models, I mean parents. Sorry, the ML is creeping
             | in ;). I would not be surprised that someone who grew up in
             | a house where both parents are journalists that they
             | wouldn't be explicitly trained to scrutinize authority,
             | gather evidence, and write that down. Lots of learning is
             | done by imitation.
             | 
             | Is this a bad thing? Probably not. Does it mean you don't
             | have free will? Definitely not, but it does mean heavy
             | influence. I think an important aspect is to recognize
             | this, especially if we are going to have conversations
             | about meritocracy and fairness. Understanding this early
             | learning does give credit to claims of quality through
             | generational experience. The question is how much this
             | matters by the time we reach adults and finish our
             | education (wherever that is). I think the longer the
             | education, the less this matters. But it definitely means
             | there's a bias in prestige of that education (and quality
             | if you believe that prestige strongly correlates with
             | quality). It probably isn't a surprise that kids from
             | academics tend to end up at higher ranked universities than
             | kids from non-academics (we see a strong effect when
             | looking at race or class, but these are most likely not
             | causal variables but confounders). It also means that any
             | "meritocratic" system (personal belief is that these are
             | fools errands) will be substantially benefited by
             | generational experience as children will at a young age
             | learn how to optimize for the metrics (which are not
             | necessarily aligned to the goals of those metrics though,
             | which is why the previous note).
             | 
             | Momentum is one hell of a force. Compounding interest isn't
             | just important for money, but nearly any form of resource.
             | There are a lot of benefits to momentum, but the problem is
             | that we often don't account for this in our models and this
             | makes for poor evaluation. I would be very willing to bet
             | that a lot of things people make evaluations on are far
             | more random than they believe. For example I'd put money on
             | that were everything else held equal (making this hard to
             | measure) that high school grades would not significantly
             | affect student outcomes. We can use the studies on students
             | who were admitted through affirmative action to get an
             | indication of this, where we generally see similar results
             | to students admitted normally. There is some noise, but it
             | also isn't unsurprising that if you are doing poorly in
             | high school that this might correlate with problems at
             | home, which can cause a higher likelihood of dropout. But
             | generally, this would suggest that you could shuffle all
             | applications, randomly select, and you wouldn't see a large
             | difference in your students' performance nor outcomes post
             | university (my hypothesis). Some of this is already done,
             | given that many top universities have more applicants that
             | are nearly impossible to distinguish than they have seats
             | for, making selection at least nearly arbitrary for these
             | applicants. But where this may matter in the real world is
             | that prestige definitely correlates with opportunities like
             | internships and work, as companies prioritize recruitment
             | from these locations and prioritize building connections
             | with these professors (who connect students with
             | opportunities). These are probably where we could make
             | adjustments to make a more fair system, but is likely
             | harder than suggested.
             | 
             | TLDR: heavy influence, but you still got free will. Should
             | make you think though...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | I dunno, I'm nowhere close to doing worker's compensation
             | claims adjustment even though my dad did it for 40+ years.
        
             | bavell wrote:
             | Meh, both my parents practice law and I went into software
             | dev. Had no interest in following in their footsteps.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | Both are careers with a foundation of reasoning and logic
               | so the apple didn't fall too far from the tree.
        
               | memefrog wrote:
               | Same, but now I am studying law
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | My experience is very little choice if you follow your
             | aptitude.
        
             | dllthomas wrote:
             | > a computer science student doing journalism as a hobby
             | 
             | Y'know, sometimes CS gets slow and you gotta go do some
             | award winning journalism to keep busy.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | What if it really takes two generations to be good at
             | something?
             | 
             | Since 1789 (in France) we postulate that inheritance in a
             | societal curse, and postulate that everyone must be equal
             | at birth.
             | 
             | However, there are countless examples where sons of doctors
             | make better doctors, sons of journalists make better
             | journalists, and sons of presidents make better
             | administrators of oil companies in war zones (joke
             | intended).
             | 
             | We should still aim so that it is possible to succeed as an
             | orphan, of course, but we should also recognize that the
             | best tricks ate learnt during teenage years, when you ask
             | "Hey dad, how come the board of a company isn't salaried?
             | Dad, how did you deal with your last board where you had
             | too many naysayers? How does it work when you have to fire
             | an employee?"
             | 
             | Of course I've read my share of books by Ben Horowitz, but
             | of course being the son of such a person gives tremendous
             | advance on how to deal with a lot of situations.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | > What if it really takes two generations to be good at
               | something?
               | 
               | This really is the recipe for success. The majority of
               | success is intergenerational.
               | 
               | Someone can come from nothing and become wildly
               | successful, it's true. But it's extremely unlikely. With
               | 8 billion people, occasional rags-to-riches stories are
               | going to happen; even if it's a 1-in-100,000,000 chance
               | that would be about 80 people. These are not the stories
               | to aspire to; they're random anomalies. The stories we
               | should aspire to are the ones of humans setting up future
               | humans for success. Ideally, not even just their
               | children...
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > This really is the recipe for success. The majority of
               | success is intergenerational.
               | 
               | I think it's better said that the majority of success is
               | from _iteration_.
               | 
               | In lots of ways, I'm not just a product of my parents'
               | (lack of?) success or their parents' (lack of?) success
               | and so on, but also a product of my iterated local
               | communities and iterated larger society.
               | 
               | > The stories we should aspire to are the ones of humans
               | setting up future humans for success. Ideally, not even
               | just their children...
               | 
               | Be wary of claimed benevolence, for it justifies corpses
               | in the name of the greater good.
               | 
               | History has shown that rising tides lift all boats. We
               | are all the product of millennia of selfish pursuits by
               | bigots, rapists, war profiteers, etc. And yet, the long-
               | term trajectory for the masses is up -- because success
               | iterates not just along family lines, but broadly across
               | society.
        
               | whinenot wrote:
               | It's not just conversations around the dinner table. It's
               | also how you get started vis a vis introductions to the
               | right people, prized starter jobs and educational
               | pathways that may not be widely known (eg, an internship
               | at ___ will set you up for a job later at ___).
        
             | dottedmag wrote:
             | My father was a school gym coach and then a flight
             | attendant. My mother was a sales clerk. Neither of them
             | were into computers.
             | 
             | I have no idea about none of their areas either.
             | 
             | So I guess this only applies to a prestigious occupations.
        
             | Guthur wrote:
             | Pretty simple to see how this happens.
             | 
             | One can not isolate one's self from cumulation of being
             | that is one's life.
             | 
             | During this individuals life in sure he was often exposed
             | to talk and thought about journalism. But also maybe form
             | additional interests and ambitions.
             | 
             | This is not about choice persay, but rather a life lived.
        
             | sonicshadow wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | dang wrote:
               | We've banned this account for posting abusive and
               | flamebait comments. Please don't create accounts to break
               | HN's rules with.
               | 
               | If you don't want to be banned, you're welcome to email
               | hn@ycombinator.com and give us reason to believe that
               | you'll follow the rules in the future. They're here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
        
             | wvenable wrote:
             | My daughter went into an entirely different career path
             | than me but she's still the one to fix her employer's Wifi
             | when it goes down.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | Culture is inherited, you'll get the most influence from
             | the people you grew up around. Kids tend to be either a lot
             | like their parents or try to be nothing like them at all
             | (trying to be the opposite is still a huge influence)
        
             | callalex wrote:
             | In this case it's probably not so much that the author was
             | forced into journalism, and more that the student was
             | empowered to cover this story without fear of retaliation
             | due to his parents' large megaphone.
             | 
             | With the sheer volume of scandals coming out of Stanford
             | these days, it wouldn't shock me if a critical mass of
             | former students start feeling empowered to speak out now as
             | well.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | "Hey, your parents are journalists right? I think that
               | guy's works is fishy. How would I report this or
               | investigate further?"
               | 
               | There's definitely an attractive force based on
               | generational expertise. I'd guess more people would be
               | likely to feed them information as well as they would
               | innately have more experience (learned growing up) and
               | definitely have more access to expertise. Considering
               | someone said the student was in CS I don't think I'd say
               | they were forced into journalism, but it does definitely
               | relate to the skills and resources at their disposal.
        
             | cbsmith wrote:
             | Picking it up doesn't mean it's your career path. You learn
             | a lot from your parents, including bits about their
             | careers, but I'd say such learnings add to your career
             | choices rather than dictate them.
        
             | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
             | It's also likely that having grown up surrounded by
             | journalists and people working for newspapers, his
             | education allows him to properly write articles as a
             | freshman. That doesn't prevent him for learning computer
             | science if that's what he likes doing.
        
               | tnecniv wrote:
               | Yeah if you have insight into why a field is interesting
               | from a younger age, you are more likely to be interested
               | in it yourself as well.
               | 
               | That also goes the other way. My dad was a lawyer, and I
               | know a little more about the law and legal profession
               | than the average joe. However that was enough information
               | to tell me I had no interest in being a lawyer.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | It can definitely be an influence. My parents were both in
             | the life sciences and I was definitely gently pushed in
             | that direction. And I got interested in nascent biomedical
             | engineering.
             | 
             | Then I took organic chemistry.
             | 
             | Switched to pure mechanical engineering. Would probably
             | have liked EECS more when all is said and done and have had
             | more aptitude for it. But, at the end of the day, can't
             | really complain about the circuitous path I took which,
             | like so many in my cohort, ended up in computers anyway.
        
             | no_wizard wrote:
             | I realize this is not the point of the article, however you
             | hit on something here I always thought.
             | 
             | I think Journalism is a great dual major choice (or maybe
             | just a minor), with whatever it is you want to study,
             | particularly if its in conjunction with engineering,
             | computer science, physics, biology, finance / accounting
             | etc. Why?
             | 
             | Because Journalists are trained to be good communicators
             | and summarize ideas (a worthwhile skill in most
             | professions) and they are also taught to be ferocious in
             | finding and corroborating information for its "truthiness".
             | Having these skills would give most people an edge in
             | whatever line of work you are in.
        
               | htss2013 wrote:
               | >Having these skills would give most people an edge in
               | whatever line of work you are in.
               | 
               | Yes, and you can probably learn 80% of those skills
               | yourself without having to spend years and a small
               | fortune on a formal degree in journalism.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | _Having these skills would give most people an edge in
               | whatever line of work you are in._
               | 
               | Absolutely. In the last few years I've moved into a role
               | with a lot more interaction with non-engineers. At
               | minimum, being able to politely re-state somebody else's
               | point in a concise manner is massively useful.
               | Particularly when two people are talking past each other
               | and I'm pretty sure they actually agree.
        
               | aldebran wrote:
               | Interesting! I've always thought engineering and
               | Philosophy were good for the same reason. Builds logical
               | reasoning and ability to communicate.
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | There's something about the liberal arts and sciences
               | that gives a person skills for life. I wonder if anyone's
               | studied that phenomenon.
        
               | toomim wrote:
               | Vitalik Buterin is another famous example. He was a
               | journalist (writing for Bitcoin Magazine) before he
               | started Ethereum.
               | 
               | He (or his dad) said that they believed in writing as a
               | way to clarify the mind. It seemed to work for Vitalik.
        
               | yunlong0928 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | yunlong0928 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | btceth wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | My wife is a journalist by training and the skill of
               | expression of information at an engaging level for a
               | layman audience has made her a killer marketer,
               | fundraiser, philanthropy officer, and now director of
               | philanthropy. She works for a pretty major international
               | aid org.
        
               | squirtlebonflow wrote:
               | Also, a bio+journalism dual degree is going to be much
               | better at biology journalism than a straight-up bio
               | major.
        
               | samsolomon wrote:
               | I'm a product designer and would never have fallen into
               | this career if not for working for my college paper, The
               | Auburn Plainsman.
               | 
               | A story--My first semester working on the paper I was at
               | the bottom of the food chain as an associate news editor.
               | So it was my job to sit in Auburn City Council meetings
               | and fill my page with a summary of those meetings. I
               | don't know how many of you have sat in small town council
               | meetings, but all that really happens is they announce
               | what restaurants are granted a liquor licenses and table
               | interesting topic indefinitely. It's boring. On occasion
               | there would be a heated debate about installing a speed
               | bump on some neighborhood street, but usually nothing.
               | 
               | I would have an assigned amount of space to fill with
               | city council notes and I never--never--was able to fill
               | it. So I taught myself photoshop and started creating
               | infographics to take up space. I started a weekly gas
               | monitor price fluctuations and would add several other
               | graphics to fill my section. That's how I got into
               | design.
               | 
               | EDIT: Also, breaking a story about a kid stealing a Tiger
               | Transit (Drunk Bus) to get home from the bar was a
               | crowning journalistic achievement of mine.
               | https://www.theplainsman.com/article/2009/09/tiger-
               | transit-s...
        
               | idopmstuff wrote:
               | I'm a PM, and I spent time as a writer and editor of my
               | high school newspaper that was probably more useful to my
               | career than anything else I did in high school or
               | college. Learning how to ask the right questions,
               | understand people's perspectives and biases and to take a
               | bunch of related information and turn it into a coherent
               | narrative that keeps people engaged are useful skills
               | just about everything and certainly in this job.
               | 
               | Did they find out who stole the bus??
        
               | samsolomon wrote:
               | They never found out who stole it! The bus story became
               | somewhat of an urban legend.
               | 
               | And I'm with ya. I learned so much working for the paper.
               | Perhaps one unexpected skill was cold calling. In sales
               | getting over that fear is an enormously important barrier
               | to cross. Once you do it though, it makes a lot of things
               | in life easier.
               | 
               | For stories I'd have to call people or go find them,
               | frequently when they screwed up, frequently when they did
               | not want to talk to me. Just like the story above--the
               | transit manager did not want to talk to me, but I spent a
               | day and a half hunting him down. He didn't answer my
               | calls, so I went down to where the buses get dispatched
               | from in the afternoon and asked a driver where to find
               | him. That "Somebody just didn't want to wait" quote came
               | from that interaction.
               | 
               | About a year later I started a coupon website. I went
               | door-to-door trying to get local business to buy in.
               | That's probably not something I could have done, if I
               | hadn't worked for the paper first.
        
               | idopmstuff wrote:
               | Man, good for you - I hate hate hate hate hate cold
               | calling. I think the job I would want least in life is
               | outbound cold calling. But I totally agree with you - I
               | wouldn't say I ever really developed the skill, but I
               | learned just shove the anxiety down deep and go do it,
               | because it's gotta be done. That has served me pretty
               | well.
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | Did they ever find the bus burglar?
               | 
               | Also, funny to think there were probably multiple
               | reporters in those city council meetings all trying to
               | figure out their own way of filling space. While not good
               | for people's career prospects, having a single reporter
               | [maybe rotating each year] write once and disseminate to
               | all (AP style) feels more optimal.
        
               | noizejoy wrote:
               | > While not good for people's career prospects, having a
               | single reporter [maybe rotating each year] write once and
               | disseminate to all (AP style) feels more optimal.
               | 
               | I find that having a single source of information too
               | often leads to very sub optimal outcomes.
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | Now a days we have zero sources of information for these
               | city council meetings given newspaper industry can't
               | afford to cover local news.
               | 
               | Teaming would be better than that.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'm not sure there would even be anyone to team with.
               | I've maybe been to a couple of town or selectman meetings
               | in the 25 years I've lived in my town. Most are
               | incredibly boring and have zero direct impact on me.
        
               | ec109685 wrote:
               | Hence how silly it would be to send multiple reporters
               | and the point of my original comment.
        
               | ru552 wrote:
               | I put a lot of thought into how I would respond to your
               | comment, and I'd just like to say Roll Tide.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | One might say that debugging is a form of investigative
               | journalism, and vice-versa.
               | 
               | Particularly when the error cannot be reproduced/captured
               | on-demand, and you need to develop--and test--a story for
               | how the final state could have been reached.
        
               | xarope wrote:
               | Yes. I also majored in economics and psychology whilst
               | during my CS undergrad, and having to write a ton of
               | essays and submitting for journals, taught me that
               | communications is a key skill to have.
        
               | my_usernam3 wrote:
               | My father majored in Journalism, despite having a much
               | more mathematical leaning mind, and small business
               | career. He swears it was the best decision with similar
               | arguments. I'm not 100% convinced it should be the one
               | and only major as he did, but a dual major/minor does
               | sound great.
        
               | elcritch wrote:
               | > Because Journalists are trained to be good
               | communicators and summarize ideas (a worthwhile skill in
               | most professions) and they are also taught to be
               | ferocious in finding and corroborating information for
               | its "truthiness".
               | 
               | While that's certainly the ideal of journalism, the field
               | routinely falls pretty short on this, IMHO.
               | Sensationalism and clickbait isn't anything new. Just
               | lookup Yellow journalism.
               | 
               | Unfortunately nowadays it feels like the truthiness
               | aspect is just conflated with corporate group think. But
               | it's great to see instances like this where a journalist
               | doggedly question those in power.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | There's even more insidious influences on how narratives
               | are built and propagated than just lying or not. Saying
               | things that are "not even wrong" but redirect the
               | discourse so severely that good faith discussion breaks
               | down on inflamed, sectarian lines due to the shaping of
               | the zeitgeist around this or that topic.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | A lot of "yellow journalism" these days comes from
               | editors, who are actually a different profession than
               | journalists, though I think people reasonably don't care
               | about that.
               | 
               | The NYT editors are the ones who write all the headlines
               | like "The economy is great - here's how that's bad news
               | for Biden".
        
               | callalex wrote:
               | The negative outcomes you describe are fairly independent
               | from the training curriculum in school though. An
               | equivalent would be saying that computer science degrees
               | are worthless because sometimes people become parasites
               | who work in adtech or fintech.
        
               | unsui wrote:
               | Agreed. Those are all straw men, rather than the the
               | natural consequence of a journalism education.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | I'd argue that the "evils" of modern journalism are more
               | a consequence of economic failures in their employers
               | than journalist themselves.
               | 
               | As came out in the Dominion v Fox News discovery, even
               | the most political journalists are still disgusted by the
               | things they have financial and management pressure to
               | peddle.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | Not disgusted enough to leave their job even though many
               | are wealthy to extremely wealthy. Not disgusted enough to
               | stop supporting Republicans.
               | 
               | I can understand someone who works at a newspaper and
               | makes 70k a year so they have to report on sensational
               | stories but Tucker Carlons net worth is $380~ million.
               | 
               | The key people at Foxnews were shocked and mad at the
               | outrageous claims but for them the ends justify the
               | means.
        
               | rhapsodic wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | wingspar wrote:
               | Yes it's been bad for a long time. I recall the "George
               | Bush encounters barcode scanners" story back in the day.
               | YEARS later, working in data-capture technology, I
               | learned the truth. It wasn't a run-of-the-mill
               | supermarket barcode scanning system. But that wouldn't
               | have made as 'good' of a story that matched the papers
               | pre-conceived notions.
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/61f29d10e27140b0b108d8e12b64b8
               | 39
        
               | inconceivable wrote:
               | (it was a then-uncommon combo scanner/scale with error
               | correction)
        
               | jkubicek wrote:
               | Here's a (free gift) link to the original NYTimes story
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/us/bush-encounters-
               | the-su...
               | 
               | It's certainly one of the more misleading stories I've
               | read in a national paper.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | A newspaper is not a single entity. In its life it will
               | have hundreds or thousands of employees with a range from
               | good to bad. You can claim that there's a management
               | structure that should know what's going on but they put
               | trust in their employees even if they are ultimately
               | responsible. If a reporter claims a government source
               | said X but doesn't want to be revealed they need to make
               | a decision based on that reporters history. Basically
               | it's difficult to prevent rogue employees from putting
               | out garbage stories.
               | 
               | ------------------------------
               | 
               | Here a more recent article from the NYT examining the
               | original reporting about the Bush scanner story showing
               | how it was mostly misleading and the paper's response to
               | those claims at the time (that they were misleading)
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/04/us/politics/fact-
               | check-pr... (See EDIT at bottom for pastebin link)
               | 
               | For any single news organization over a period of time a
               | certain amount of articles will be inaccurate, sometimes
               | purposefully. The NYT has been around for 150+ years and
               | what matters it is how they manage their reporters and
               | sources. We also need to look at the positive
               | accomplishments. Shouldn't that be weighed against the
               | negative when making a judgement of trust?
               | 
               | The NYT is probably responsible for more breaking news
               | and investigations than any other paper in US history.
               | Stories we might not have have known about without the
               | resources they allocated and their contacts (i.e.
               | government or business sources)
               | 
               | I don't think trust is black and white and that people
               | who claim it is may have an ulterior motive. If you
               | dismiss news organizations based on having a few
               | misleading stories without considering what they have
               | accomplished you wouldn't trust any news organization.
               | This of course would greatly benefit corrupt governments,
               | businesses, and people.
               | 
               | EDIT: Here's a pastebin link to the section of the 2018
               | article where they examine the original reporting
               | 
               | https://pastebin.com/VKHyGARK
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I gave up on the NYT with the Judith Miller WMD non-
               | sense. The NYT failed the United States during the run up
               | to the Iraq war. All they had to do was honestly report
               | what they knew.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I remember that and thought George H.W. was a busy guy
               | and probably only got out to the supermarket in
               | Kennebunkport. Where they mail the bill at the end of the
               | month.
        
               | alphabettsy wrote:
               | People do what they must to live. Like many other
               | professions, some people are paid to do things they
               | probably would rather not.
        
               | tappederrting wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | deafpolygon wrote:
               | > Because Journalists are trained to be good
               | communicators and summarize ideas
               | 
               | I don't see how a freshman is 'trained' in this sense.
               | Could it be that good communicators and people who can
               | summarize ideas naturally gravitate towards journalism?
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | 100% agree. All the best engineers I've worked with are
               | decent problem solvers, decent coders, but phenomenal
               | communicators, both written and verbal.
               | 
               | I think a correlation to this are people who are good
               | teachers.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | One of the most knowledgable security people I know is
               | also consistently rated as one of the best presenters in
               | the company.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Don't we think this probably applies to any of the
               | humanities though? What you described, at least, is the
               | practice of careful, critical research followed by
               | exegesis.
        
               | zogrodea wrote:
               | I think it applies most of the time, but some fields and
               | academics (like Judith Butler to pick a famous example)
               | seem to rejoice in the opposite, complicating your
               | language to make your point more difficult to grasp. So I
               | wouldn't be quick to generalise.
               | 
               | Not trying to come across as partisan by bringing up
               | Butler's name. Here is another academic, Talal Asad,
               | making the same point in an entirely different context
               | that the writing style of academia tends towards
               | unnecessary complexity:
               | 
               | "For some years I have been exercised by this puzzle. How
               | is it that the approach exemplified by Gellner's paper
               | remains attractive to so many academics in spite of its
               | being demonstrably faulty? Is it perhaps because they are
               | intimidated by a style? We know, of course, that
               | anthropologists, like other academics, learn not merely
               | to use a scholarly language but to fear it, to admire it,
               | to be captivated by it."
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | I am not sure I quite understand, is the implication here
               | that some disciplines overtly try to stifle understanding
               | by making things harder to grasp? Why would they do that?
               | 
               | It's perfectly fine to read Butler and not understand it,
               | in the same way as it would be for another to read a
               | textbook on quantum mechanics. There seems to be a hidden
               | assumption in what you say that holds that the
               | domain/area-of-discourse Judith Butler is working in is
               | one you _should_ be able to understand without
               | difficulty, but you really have no good reason to feel
               | that. It 's really not her job to ELI5 to everyone, or at
               | least, its not something her peers or publishers care
               | about. And why should they?
               | 
               | Yes, like in STEM, there is false positives, paper's and
               | researchers that rise to the top that maybe shouldn't,
               | but that is different than saying entire disciplines are
               | sustained by bad faith.
               | 
               | I can't speak for the Gellner paper, but if you spend
               | some time with it, understand a little about _where_ she
               | is working, Butler is a very rewarding writer that is
               | incredibly influential to many many people. There isn 't
               | some conspiracy or shared delusion here. And the fact
               | that she can say things that resonate with so many people
               | in her domain, shows huge evidence of her general
               | abilities around information comprehension, articulation,
               | and communication.
        
               | zogrodea wrote:
               | I think in retrospect that I was too dismissive and
               | hyperbolic about my comment that some fields seem to
               | enjoy having an unnecessarily complicated style, but I
               | think the characterisation of _some_ academic writing in
               | the humanities having an unnecessarily complex style is
               | ultimately fair.
               | 
               | I know from my own time with the humanities that some
               | adopt that kind of style to make themselves seem more
               | profound and out of a desire to impress others because I
               | was one of them (although I'm happy to have comparatively
               | flattened the ego since then).
               | 
               | There's obviously a diversity of intentions behind why
               | people would adopt a complex style (although I have no
               | doubt the motivation I had is common) and some would be
               | justified but I don't think it's wrong of me to point out
               | that Butler's style is _needlessly_ complicated as an
               | example. When reading her words in particular, I
               | sometimes find myself rephrasing in my head to make her
               | point more digestible to myself (and I can 't help
               | feeling that random archaic English texts like Francis
               | Bacon's Of Simulation and Dissimulation would be more
               | readable to most, despite the outdated and unfamiliar
               | language).
               | 
               | That's a sign of needless complexity in my opinion.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > is the implication here that some disciplines overtly
               | try to stifle understanding by making things harder to
               | grasp?
               | 
               | That's how I read it. IME with social science academics,
               | it's accurate.
               | 
               | > Why would they do that?
               | 
               | To create a mystique of knowledge or superiority; to
               | obfuscate controversial points; to prevent mainstream
               | scrutiny; to exclude outsiders from giving criticism.
               | 
               | There are times where a Big Word is more precise than a
               | smaller, common one, and the Big Word is preferred to
               | writing 20 small words.
               | 
               | Then there are times where a Big Word is not more precise
               | than a smaller, common one, and may even be less precise
               | -- but it's chosen because it limits who can comprehend
               | the work.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Listen, beyond any of the culture war you find yourself
               | enlisted within, the sooner you can, as simply a human
               | being, separate out "I do not understand this" from "I do
               | not understand this, there must be something wrong with
               | it," the sooner you will gain deeper understandings of
               | things, make better connections, and honestly just be a
               | happier individual. Like, it's fine, I guess, if you want
               | to spend your life fighting huge swaths of intellectual
               | history and human advancement, but you can't just be like
               | overtly anti-intellectual about it! It's just not good
               | for you, you will be sustained in fear and anger forever.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | The point is that people should right more in _plain
               | english_
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | I think there's still a difference here with respect to
               | writing styles and audiences. In most humanities
               | specialties you'll be writing for an academic audience
               | (and depending on your focus, potentially one with a very
               | narrow band of shared knowledge/terminology).
               | 
               | A lot of what you learn there can get in the way when you
               | need to reach a general/lay audience.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Journalism is the same way though. They write highly
               | technical papers for academic audiences. Journalism is
               | just distinct in that there are marginally more jobs you
               | can get where you practice direct skills/techniques
               | around the domains. In the rest you can still get this
               | kind of with teaching!
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | Sure, but we aren't discussing how everyone should just
               | go _teach_ journalism or the humanities.
        
               | tappederrting wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | I had a colleague who's degree was in comparative
               | literature - we'd walk out of meetings and the rest of us
               | would be talking about the engineering side of what we'd
               | just heard while he'd go through and enumerate the
               | different things each person had been talking about while
               | using the same words as everyone else. The amount of
               | latent conflicts that dude caught before the rest of us
               | got torched made me really appreciate the value of an art
               | degree.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | Can you give an example? What you're saying sounds
               | interesting, but I don't understand. What kind of
               | conflicts did they catch?
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | I don't have the degree but I often notice (or think I
               | notice) people not answering the question that was asked,
               | reframing questions to answer the pet peeve they love to
               | bring up, and people agreeing with each other while
               | sounding like they're arguing with each other such that
               | the conversation never ends. It annoys the hell out of me
               | and it feels quasi-impossible for me to relay to others
               | what is going on.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | Yeah, the violent agreement is usually a big tell. I've
               | gotten much better at throwing the flag in meetings to
               | have that conversation - "Hey, when you say X, do you
               | mean <what I'm hearing>? Can you expand on that?". I
               | think people are hesitant to do it out of fear of
               | sounding stupid; I think I'm lucky enough to be far
               | enough into my career that I don't really worry about
               | that anymore.
               | 
               | The "reframe the conversation to the thing I want to talk
               | about" - man, that one's frustrating. I don't have a
               | polite way to stop that one yet. I think some of it is
               | just that we all pick up traumas and trigger words, and
               | you've gotta recognize when someone said "banana" that
               | doesn't actually mean "the thing I slipped on five years
               | ago."
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | I think we could benefit from more directness and
               | bluntness of the right kind. To a large degree, what is
               | considered "polite" is conditioned. I don't say
               | _absolutely_ conditioned (there are absolute limits), but
               | cultural conditioning can either blunt perception to the
               | impolite, or oversensitive us so that we interpret normal
               | things as impolite. Gen Z in the US, for example, seems
               | hypersensitive compared to prior generations, though it
               | didn 't begin with them. It is not unexpected that
               | correcting someone's bad behavior, even in normal speech
               | tone, will be seen as "yelling". This is very bad because
               | an inability to receive feedback, let alone survive
               | impropriety, essential to adulthood. Softness suffocates
               | reason and weakens action, and it softens the person who
               | wants to avoid perturbing the softness of another.
               | Hemming and hawing and hedging, too, is an enemy of clear
               | communication.
               | 
               | But more to the point, I find that asking for
               | clarification is the best tactic in the aforementioned
               | circumstances. That way, you avoid having to make
               | accusations. It removes all pretext for getting defensive
               | and focuses the discussion on the substance and merit
               | rather than the character flaws and lack of speaking
               | skills of the other. If the other person starts to get
               | unjustifiably angry, this reflects poorly on them, not
               | you, so there is no need to feel any guilt. Be honest and
               | never lie. Do not pretend to understand someone just
               | because you think asking for clarification will make you
               | look less competent. Maybe you _are_ less competent, in
               | which case pretending to competence you don 't actually
               | have is dishonest and unjust. You also close off the
               | doors to learning. And if you are competent, then there's
               | nothing to worry about. Bullshitters feed off pretense,
               | and honest people are dismayed by it.
        
               | squirtlebonflow wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | One of the best advices I got: "stop acting like you're
               | the smartest person in the room, even if you are" so I
               | started acting like the stupidest person in the room.
               | Often times, by asking the dumbest question in the
               | naivest way possible, you can expose a lot of bad ideas.
        
               | specialist wrote:
               | The Columbo Method
        
               | mbork_pl wrote:
               | Or the Feynman one.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | A thousand times, yes. They're not dumb questions, of
               | course. They're pure, simple, and relevant. They're the
               | strongest questions one can ask. The best.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | Oh my god yes. It's also So Much more fun and
               | interesting! You get to learn from people!
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Well... it's more like by asking an extremely dumb
               | question helps other people in the room know when they're
               | being bullshitted.
               | 
               | "So, I see your business model is to make widgets. But
               | ... uh... I don't really understand these ideas but
               | that's called capital intensive, right? So, you're gonna
               | have a factory, with a bunch of workers... in San
               | Francisco? Won't that be really expensive, and ... uh, I
               | guess that means your profit margin will be small? Could
               | you put your factory in Kansas?"
               | 
               | (paraphrased but essentially accurate question I asked
               | when being pitched by a hardware startup at a major VC
               | that I advised)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > I don't have a polite way to stop that one yet.
               | 
               | Selective doses of being impolite can be _extremely_
               | effective, especially when you 're otherwise very polite.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | "A gentleman is one who is never _unintentionally_ rude.
               | "
               | 
               | (One of several variants:
               | <https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/01/21/offense/>)
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | > The "reframe the conversation to the thing I want to
               | talk about" - man, that one's frustrating.
               | 
               | The most effective method I've found is making that
               | person responsible for resolving whatever the issue is.
               | Not always possible, but especially when it happens in
               | group settings, some verbal judo can work even if you
               | can't "officially" task them.
               | 
               | (Make sure to memorialize that in an email afterwards, or
               | it will probably retroactively never have happened.)
        
               | sophacles wrote:
               | It's an extremely valuable observational skill. It's also
               | an extremely valuable skill to be able to get everyone in
               | alignment, but much much harder to "git gud" at (so to
               | speak).
               | 
               | A few suggestions for getting more value out of your
               | observations:
               | 
               | * in the moment, particularly if it's heated, you won't
               | make a ton of headway unless you really know the parties
               | involved and know how to frame "i think you agree with
               | each other" well enough to be heard over the
               | argumentative mindset. Instead pointing it out to each
               | party individually in a later/follow up discussion can
               | help a lot!
               | 
               | * If you have a good "people person" mentor or manager,
               | just pointing it out to them can often result in positive
               | outcomes, because they can take it on themselves to have
               | the discussions in the background or if you ask for it,
               | mentor you in how to get that across in a well-received
               | way.
               | 
               | * sometimes when people are arguing with each other in
               | agreement, the issue is usually semantics and someone (or
               | everyone) has a different take on some word/phrase/name
               | whatever being used. A good tactic is to try and identify
               | where that bit of disagreement is and play dumb (it works
               | best when you're in a "junior" position but can work in
               | any situation) and say something like - "wait, sorry to
               | interrupt but I don't quite get the difference between
               | foobar and barfoo can you help me understand?" and then
               | when they explain to you, the neutral third party,
               | they'll come to the realization that they are arguing in
               | agreement after all.
               | 
               | I've been in your shoes before and the above advice
               | helped me get going so I'm passing it along. For me the
               | difficulty in relaying the info came from a couple
               | places:
               | 
               | * I was afraid of speaking out of turn, or looking dumb.
               | It turns out that the "dumb look" i was afraid of is
               | often interpreted as "wow this guy is asking smart
               | questions", and at worst it's interpreted as "this guy
               | needed a bit of a different explanation to grok it".
               | 
               | * I didn't realize that people don't need to understand
               | that I was seeing them argue in agreement or avoid the
               | question. I just needed to ask my own clarifying
               | questions until everyone got the info/agreement they
               | needed. If they get that I was driving at "arguing in
               | agreement" or if they think I resolved a conflict, it
               | doesn't matter - the goal of "we're all on the same page"
               | was successfully reached.
               | 
               | I've still got a lot to learn in this whole area, but
               | even trying to address those things often helps smooth
               | out the rough bits and is useful. HTH!
        
               | distortedsignal wrote:
               | I like to call "not being afraid to look dumb"
               | "weaponizing my own stupidity." I'm not the sharpest
               | knife in the drawer, but if you aren't worried about
               | looking like a dope from time-to-time, you can help the
               | actually smart people in the room agree on stuff.
        
               | antod wrote:
               | I use dumb questions a lot as a manager - although my
               | hiring intentions are to try and make me the actual
               | dumbest person on the team anyway.
               | 
               | I don't use it so much for the teasing out agreement or
               | highlighting problems angle though - one of my goals is
               | setting the accepted threshold for dumb questions low
               | enough that junior/newer or less confident team members
               | aren't afraid to ask their own "dumb questions". Those
               | questions are usually more important than mine, and teams
               | that don't have that "no question is too dumb" culture
               | are often dysfunctional or heading that way.
        
               | engineer_22 wrote:
               | Whole heatedly resonate with this. In my experience,
               | people love questions (stupid questions, simple
               | questions, doesn't matter), it gives them an opportunity
               | to feel informed and impactful.
               | 
               | If you ask a question and someone is scornful ("you
               | should know that already!"), First time it's on them,
               | second time it's on you, third time update your resume.
        
               | AceJohnny2 wrote:
               | I think it's really an indictment of (software?)
               | engineer's communication skills. So much of us seem to
               | come from a self-taught/introverted background and ignore
               | the importance of clear communication required to work in
               | a team.
               | 
               | The "pet peeve" thing in particular I catch myself in
               | regularly, where I realize I didn't actually answer
               | someone's question, instead mapping their meaning to my
               | preferred topic. It's interesting how just _listening_ is
               | a skill.
               | 
               | The Communications class I attended early in my career
               | has been incredibly useful.
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | Spending time in meetings with someone who insists on
               | near-complete terminological clarity from everyone
               | involved ~illuminates just how hard it is to communicate
               | precisely and consistently. (In my case, this person is a
               | CEO who's had past lives in engineering and finance,
               | IIRC.)
               | 
               | Setting aside the communication skills of specific
               | engineers, various stakeholders can still have both
               | wildly and subtly different senses of what they mean by
               | common terms.
               | 
               | For example, I find there's a fair amount of chaos
               | surrounding very common terms like "product" and
               | "content" that tend to mean different things in different
               | systems and to people in different roles/departments.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | "portal" is a good one. Depending on the speaker it can
               | mean an entire website, or a single link, or just about
               | anything in between.
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | Or a very specific iframe-like HTML tag!
               | 
               | <portal>
               | 
               | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
               | US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/po...
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | I've interacted with government and insurance attorneys
               | for various work gigs and some of them have impressed me
               | with their insistence on clarity, too. I find it
               | challenging and fun to communicate that way, albeit I've
               | only ever done it in small 'doses'. (I'd guess it follows
               | a dose-response relationship that veers off toward
               | madness pretty quickly.)
               | 
               | I get a similiar kind of kick from observing people
               | communicating technically and precisely to complete a
               | task-- launching rockets, doing performing surgery,
               | controlling air traffic, etc.
        
               | onlypositive wrote:
               | Being precise (not vague) with your language is a learned
               | skill. I started practicing is after reading 12 rules for
               | life (it's one of them).
               | 
               | It really makes a difference in everyday life. It
               | prevents so many arguments with my wife: we agree on most
               | things, when we don't it's usually because we disagree on
               | the meaning of the words we're using. At work I have far
               | less misunderstandings with coworkers, I understand
               | expectations better and I don't get caught out by people
               | using vague language to hide or gloss over major
               | problems. Last month I was evaluating a contract and it
               | took me a week to get a clear answer about terms. I
               | suspect the people involved subconsciously knew that if
               | they gave a clear answer the contract would be deemed
               | unecessary and cancelled. It was.
        
               | cosmojg wrote:
               | > At work I have far less misunderstandings with
               | coworkers [...]
               | 
               | You have fewer* misunderstandings ;)
        
               | gugagore wrote:
               | In case your point is that using "less" instead of
               | "fewer" for countable nouns is an example of unclear
               | communication, let me disagree with the point.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Less so (more awkward) here than in other cases, but it's
               | as if the misunderstandings were smaller in magnitude
               | rather than quantity or frequency.
        
               | jahsome wrote:
               | Ugh... I am a very precise communicator, and my wife ---
               | Not so much.
               | 
               | I love her dearly, but I cannot count the number of times
               | I have enraged her by asking her to elaborate or seeking
               | clarification about a pronoun or some other vaguery by
               | asking questions she believes "I should know the answer
               | to because I'm too smart not to know"
               | 
               | We're getting there, though :)
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | Lol my wife is the same and it drives me nuts. She will
               | say go get me "x". I'm like where? And then she'll say
               | "the closet" or something like that and I'll have to ask
               | "which closet" and so on.
        
               | mbork_pl wrote:
               | Cannot not think of this quote from C.S. Lewis' "That
               | hideous strength":
               | 
               | > "The cardinal difficulty," said MacPhee, "in
               | collaboration between the sexes is that women speak a
               | language without nouns. If two men are doing a bit of
               | work, one will say to the other, 'Put this bowl inside
               | the bigger bowl which you'll find on the top shelf of the
               | green cupboard.' The female for this is, 'Put that in the
               | other one in there.' And then if you ask them, 'in
               | where?' they say, 'in _there_ , of course.' There is
               | consequently a phatic hiatus."
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | What a sexist comment.
        
               | emaginniss wrote:
               | The longer I spend on social media the more I have
               | learned that the only differences between men and women
               | is that men are terrible and women are awesome. Right?
        
               | mbork_pl wrote:
               | > What a sexist comment.
               | 
               | Indeed. The author seems to imply that men are so bad at
               | understanding contextual clues that communication with
               | them is virtually impossible, almost as if they were
               | primitive machines and not full-fledged human beings
               | capable of observing and thinking. Even worse, when
               | confronted with this uncomfortable truth, instead of
               | learning how to communicate properly, they react with
               | frustration, almost as if they were primitive animals
               | driven by instincts and emotions and not full-fledged
               | human beings capable of learning.
               | 
               | Still, I find it hilarious, even though I am a man
               | myself!
               | 
               | And on a more serious note - why, when presented with two
               | _different_ phenomena (in this case: men and women, but
               | there are many more cases, like  "SQL" and "NoSQL", or
               | "Rust" and "Clojure", or "GUI" and "CLI", etc., etc.), so
               | many people automatically assume that one must be somehow
               | strictly "better" and the other somehow strictly "worse"?
               | Of course, it's sometimes (maybe even _often_ ) the case,
               | but neither "sometimes" nor "often" does not mean
               | "always"!
        
               | Anthony-G wrote:
               | Ironically, given that the discussion is about clarity of
               | language, I had to look up the meaning of "phatic
               | hiatus"; it refers to a pause in conversation. For more
               | on this, see
               | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/592225/is-
               | the-fo...
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I looked up phatic also. Great word. denoting or relating
               | to language of a general purposes of social interaction.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | (Taking light-hearted commentary too seriously)
               | 
               | Something that young children have to grow out of is
               | assuming that "if they know it, their parents must know
               | it too", such as where they put (not hid, because "the
               | parents know") the phone or the keys. As a child they
               | haven't yet developed the, obvious once developed,
               | concept of the individuality of knowledge and experience.
               | 
               | It does feel as if this regresses for long-term partners.
               | The volume of shared experience must blur the boundaries
               | of individual experience, or something.
               | 
               | My wife will often blurt out something totally
               | incomprehensible to anyone but her, but since she's spent
               | the previous 5-10 minutes reading / watching all the
               | context leading up to it, she expects the rest of us (who
               | may have only just strolled into the room) to know it to
               | its core.
               | 
               | A punchline without context is nothing!
               | 
               | I do like the sideways glances my kids give me when it
               | happens though. That's a shared understanding :)
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | I've known lots of intelligent adults who assumed their
               | particular knowledge was common knowledge. Most were
               | polite about it and realized their mistake; a few were
               | quite obnoxious and learned nothing.
               | 
               | Anecdotally, I wonder if/ to what degree this has been
               | affected by increased job specialization, where a person
               | who spends all day working (and perhaps socializing
               | after) with folks who share their particular knowledge
               | and jargon will then err when interacting with folks
               | outside of that bubble.
        
               | jahsome wrote:
               | > It does feel as if this regresses for long-term
               | partners. The volume of shared experience must blur the
               | boundaries of individual experience, or something.
               | 
               | This is so true, and painfully so. I was fortunate to
               | have an epiphany a few years ago when I realized I was
               | failing regularly to see my wife as a separate individual
               | and part of the whole of "us."
               | 
               | More accurately, there were times when I probably viewed
               | her merely and extension of myself. It honestly changed
               | the way I view the world, and I somehow managed to
               | extrapolate that understanding to life itself. It was a
               | glorious dose of ego death, and one I sorely needed.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | Part of this is sharing of effort. Given a vague request,
               | you can demand clarity or you can go try to work it to
               | your best ability. Guess the most likely closet and go
               | check it. If not there, go check the next one. Etc.
               | 
               | This approach is harder on you... but easier on her. And
               | that is a sort of gift that one can choose to give to a
               | spouse. Allow them to be quick and vague sometimes, and
               | choose to invest effort to pick up some of the slack they
               | drop.
               | 
               | Not all the time, but some of the time.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | Similarly, how many people in meetings won't actually
               | speak up if they aren't familiar with a term or acronym
               | in context. I'm often surprised when I ask, and then
               | several others mention they weren't sure either.
        
               | slackstation wrote:
               | Cannot agree more. Communication shouldn't be a
               | specialized skill like writing code or designing bridges.
               | It's a universal that is accessible to everyone and
               | should be taught to everyone. It's exactly why colleges
               | have general education.
               | 
               | If someone finds that their team keeps getting in trouble
               | or failing due to mis-communication as a pattern, then
               | something deeper is wrong.
        
               | Daub wrote:
               | From the other side of the water, as an art teacher, I
               | can say that I really appreciate the precision of
               | computer/software engineers. Artists/designers can be so
               | 'fuzzy', so 'hand wavey' and so prone to mystification
               | and grandification.
               | 
               | I will never forget attending an science/art symposium
               | where the guest speaker was an artist. I quote them
               | verbatim: 'Art can exist without science, but what
               | happens if science tries to exist without art?
               | Hiroshima!' Never in my life have I felt so ashamed of
               | being an artist.
        
               | stevage wrote:
               | Listening is a skill, but understanding is the bigger
               | one. Actually being able to fit someone else's ideas into
               | a bigger framework, finding points of similarity and
               | conflict is super challenging, and not really taught in
               | engineering.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | We specifically don't educate engineers in writing or
               | analysis, and high school preparation varies a lot.
               | 
               | I dual majored CS and History. Computer Science got me in
               | the door and provided core skillsets, but reading and
               | writing, analysis skills really made me a better and more
               | effective person.
        
               | benterix wrote:
               | That's very interesting! Would you be able to give an
               | example without being too specific?
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | The former guy is pretty simple example. My partner
               | refers to as being a squid, spraying ink and making a get
               | away.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | It's been a long time and I don't remember specifics, but
               | - we'd regularly be meeting with people from multiple
               | different departments, and it'd be things like two people
               | talking about testing, where it turns out one is talking
               | about unit tests & CI and the other is talking about user
               | testing, and you can go very far into that conversation
               | using all the same words and meaning very different
               | things.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | A fairly simple one I've seen is "when will this be
               | done?" - stakeholder means to ask when will it be in
               | production; engineer hears "done" as in "my task is done"
               | and answers about when the PR will land.
        
               | squirtlebonflow wrote:
               | Ideally, merging the PR and having it be in production is
               | a 30-60 minute automated CI process.
        
               | hyperthesis wrote:
               | "Communicating" is often used to mean "sending"
               | information, but for communication to occur that
               | information must be received.
               | 
               | Yet, sending is easier than receiving, just as generating
               | is easier than parsing.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > Yet, sending is easier than receiving, just as
               | generating is easier than parsing.
               | 
               | Generating data is easier than generating useful data or
               | easily comprehensible data; time spent generating good
               | data can reduce time spent parsing it.
               | 
               | In a communication context, I don't think sending is
               | necessarily easier than receiving, I think it's that
               | we've ignored the sender's responsibilities and put the
               | obligation on the receiver. (This should be expected when
               | organizations reward the quantity of sent information
               | over the quality of sent information.)
        
               | engineer_22 wrote:
               | +1. To riff in this, I play competitive paintball (long
               | story happy to elaborate)
               | 
               | The most key skill in this sport of paintball is
               | communication. Among the highest circles of ability
               | communication is understood to mean: "receiving
               | information and repeating it until confirmed by first
               | party"
               | 
               | A lot of wasted effort, needless mistakes, can be
               | eliminated by confirming your understanding.
               | Communication is not speaking, it is not listening, it is
               | both at once.
        
               | EsportToys wrote:
               | So what you're saying is, TCP is better than UDP?
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | I majored in journalism. I learned how to write clearly
               | and concisely, and do it on short notice, too. I learned
               | a process for writing, which is something most people
               | don't have. I also learned how to ask good questions, and
               | be skeptical about what organizations and people say when
               | their job or profits depend on it.
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | Funny, I quit newspaper club because I couldn't tolerate
               | writing articles in that useless newspaper style:
               | irrelevant fact, lede, quote, counterquote, irrelevant
               | speculation end.
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | It's just a tool in the toolkit.
               | 
               | I dropped my entire comp-sci major when I realized I
               | couldn't bear even the first of two required technical
               | writing courses. It was wringing all of the joy out of
               | something I loved.
               | 
               | Later, newswriting was... maybe not quite "fun", but I
               | did enjoy the challenge of remaining creative within the
               | form while keeping a demanding instructor happy.
               | 
               | Screenwriting was similar. It's not a form I really
               | ~enjoy writing in, but I think learning to write from
               | that perspective also leaves you with something good for
               | the kit.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | That seems like a questionable reason to ditch CS to me.
               | Was it really that bad to do the technical writing
               | courses?
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | Thanks for questioning my reasons (anonymously).
               | 
               | As such things tend to be, it was the last straw. I was
               | an angry, shy, lonely young person. I didn't know it at
               | the time, but I was 1 year in to 6 years of ~writing-my-
               | way-out of the worst two of those.
               | 
               | I came to school thinking I'd study writing or
               | programming. I started with the one likely to pay more to
               | please my dad, but only found one of the intro CS
               | projects remotely engaging.
               | 
               | Yes; we were sitting in technical writing (second
               | semester) discussing what we'd done for the first
               | assignment and why. Through the lens of the only thing
               | that I really found engaging (and catharctic, and joyful)
               | in high school, I could see that my heart wasn't in it.
               | Any of it.
               | 
               | (I would later return to programming through art
               | projects.)
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Yes, having done all kinds of styles, I can see wanting
               | to avoid technical writing. It's a highly rigid form,
               | with lots of rules about how to arrange information.
               | Sometimes just the tools are enough to make you want to
               | quit: I'm looking at you (La)TeX.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | I was taught to aggressively look for and cut irrelevant
               | facts. Back in the day newspapers and other printed
               | material had space limitations. If your story didn't fit
               | in the allotted column inches, the copy desk would cut
               | it.
               | 
               | I also worked on a copy desk in college. Ideally a story
               | has the most important information up front, in the
               | inverted pyramid style, so that if an editor has to cut
               | it for space, they can just cut from the bottom and not
               | lose the main story. Given the _very_ limited time the
               | copy desk has to look at all the stories before deadline,
               | writers than failed to lead with the key facts would know
               | very quickly that they needed to work on their stories
               | more.
        
               | test098 wrote:
               | never heard of this style. afaik the "inverted pyramid"
               | is the commonly-taught method for reporting in journalism
               | schools: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_pyramid_(
               | journalism)
               | 
               | the whole point of this style is to remove all irrelevant
               | information.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Specifically for newspapers. Less so for magazines.
               | Certainly it was followed fairly rigidly for historical
               | wire service journalism because the newspaper using the
               | copy would (literally) cut the article at a more or less
               | arbitrary point to fill a space (between ads) in the
               | paper. Obviously the constraints don't exist in the same
               | way but writing from most important down to least
               | important still makes sense for a lot of reasons.
        
               | FPGAhacker wrote:
               | Any videos or online courses that you would recommend?
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | Journalism is a very large field with a history going
               | back to the 17th century. Your question is roughly
               | analogous to asking to recommend something about
               | computers.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | You learn by doing. Find some online pub (or open source
               | community) that will give you decent editorial support
               | and start writing for them.
        
               | RaoulP wrote:
               | That sounds so valuable. Even for other fields, like the
               | parent commenter said.
               | 
               | I'm in engineering, but I have a growing interest in
               | journalism. I've already graduated and here in Norway we
               | don't really do double degrees or minors anyway.
               | 
               | My main interest will remain engineering, but if I want
               | to scratch that journalism itch some day, I wonder if I
               | should go for a part-time degree, or just try amateur
               | journalism. I think I'd favour the former.
        
               | specialist wrote:
               | > _Because Journalists are trained to be good
               | communicators and summarize ideas..._
               | 
               | Good to remember next time someone whinges about bad
               | science journalism.
               | 
               | Blame the editors, publishers, and owners. The
               | constraints on journalists are ridiculous. While op-eds
               | and columnists are granted soapboxes to blather on.
        
               | abathur wrote:
               | At a party, a coworker's partner (who is in law
               | enforcement) asked what I thought about how to help
               | people upskill to write better reports and such, and
               | without hesitation I said they should try taking a
               | newswriting class (ideally, IMO, on a condensed schedule
               | as in a summer semester).
               | 
               | I'm not sure how common this is, but newswriting (a
               | sophomore-level course) was the weed-out class for all
               | mass comm degrees at the state university I attended. I
               | went into a summer newswriting class with quite a bit of
               | writing experience and it still had an impact on me.
               | 
               | (I double-majored in English + public relations and went
               | on to get an MFA in creative writing. I doubt any 8-week
               | period since elementary school affected my writing as
               | much. It was a great counterweight to the kinds of
               | academic writing styles you tend to pick up in English
               | and philosophy. Caveat: I went into newswriting with a
               | full toolchest; I can't speak to how it would go as a
               | ~beginner.)
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >I'm not sure how common this is, but newswriting (a
               | sophomore-level course) was the weed-out class for all
               | mass comm degrees at the state university I attended. I
               | went into a summer newswriting class with quite a bit of
               | writing experience and it still had an impact on me.
               | 
               | Definitey. And _reading_ good writing is also an
               | excellent way to improve one 's communication skills.
               | 
               | It doesn't even need to be related to subjects you might
               | be writing about either.
               | 
               | Good novels, well written essays/non-fiction books, etc.
               | can provide examples of good writing and, if one
               | continues to read well written stuff, it will likely rub
               | off.
               | 
               | That's not a substitute for your suggestion (which is a
               | good one), but another way to improve how one
               | communicates in writing.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | I have never been a reader. I've read maybe one book on
               | purpose in life. Also, I almost never read the posted
               | article.
               | 
               | I think reading is bad.
        
               | jstarfish wrote:
               | Journalism is an excellent minor. Criminal justice and
               | psychology are excellent complements.
               | 
               | - Journalism will teach you _who_ to ask questions of [to
               | achieve the goal of accountability].
               | 
               | - Criminal justice will teach you _what_ questions to ask
               | [to achieve the goal of conviction /correction].
               | 
               | - Psychology will teach you _how_ to ask questions [to
               | achieve the goal of interrogation]. All interrogation and
               | sales techniques are rooted in exploitation of
               | psychology, but some people just have a natural knack for
               | this. In both, the goal is to groom /break you into
               | giving [something] you are inclined to withhold.
               | 
               | Philosophy likely factors in here too but I'm less
               | familiar with that field. People appreciate Ethics about
               | as much as they appreciate someone pulling the fire alarm
               | and yelling racial slurs at evacuees in the parking lot.
               | I've never found much use in naming logical fallacies
               | (IME it's the domain of pseudointellectual internet
               | bullies and pre-law students), but could see it being a
               | way for oneself to reason _why_ you 're pursuing
               | something. Self-righteousness substitutes well enough.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Ad-hominem fallacy comes up pretty frequently, as people
               | buy into it a lot. Pointing it out doesn't make someone a
               | bully, usually the other person saying those things in
               | order to convince others is the one being a bully.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | Yes, I study logical fallacies and how to use them. Ad-
               | hominem is a really powerful one.
        
               | jahsome wrote:
               | I think you're spot on.
               | 
               | I have a journalism + mass communications bachelor's, but
               | only because I dropped out of the CS program -- too much
               | math. Once I had mouths to feed, I couldn't make it work
               | financially as a journalist, so I started freelance in
               | software and my career has grown from there.
               | 
               | The communication skills, and more critically, the
               | understanding of how information is gathered and
               | disseminated in groups (i.e. mass comms) is by far my
               | biggest strength. That foundational understanding has
               | served my career far more than any of the programming
               | classes I took before switching majors.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | I hope to God any decent journalist (if any are left) is
               | looking for the actual truth and not just "truthiness."
               | 
               | You do understand that Stephen Colbert coined that term,
               | right? And that he coined it as a deliberate satire of
               | politicians and journalists who had what we'll call an
               | open relationship with the truth?
        
               | robomartin wrote:
               | > they are also taught to be ferocious in finding and
               | corroborating information for its "truthiness"
               | 
               | Agree with the rest of what you said, except for this.
               | Unless you said "truthiness" in quotes instead of truth
               | (without quotes) to indicate this is a failing.
               | 
               | Today's so-called journalists are ideology merchants.
               | Their fitness function is guided by such things as their
               | ideological alignment (or indoctrination), that of the
               | organization they work for (what do I have to say to keep
               | my job?) or whatever it takes to get clicks.
               | 
               | Journalism has not been equated with truth-seeking in a
               | long time. From my perspective, I see it as a disgraceful
               | profession. In other words, if someone says "I am a
               | journalist", I will assume they exist to sell lies and
               | ideology, not to uncover the truth at all.
               | 
               | This is the only profession that enjoys constitutional
               | protection (in the US).
               | 
               | What do they do with that protection? Elevate lies and
               | misinformation to a virtue.
               | 
               | Given that our system of education does not produce
               | people who are able to think critically, what you have
               | are masses who believe what is being repeated by these
               | puppet masters. Collectively and through their actions,
               | they are damaging society in ways we have yet to
               | discover.
               | 
               | I am certain this is not at all what the authors of the
               | US constitution had in mind when they offered that
               | protection.
               | 
               | Perhaps that's along the lines of what you meant when you
               | said "truthiness", which sounds like a way to have a
               | chuckle at the idea of them actually seeking truth at
               | all.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | >Journalism has not been equated with truth-seeking in a
               | long time.
               | 
               | Why do you believe it was ever about truth-seeking?
               | 
               | My understanding of journalism specifically - and the
               | flow of information generally - is that those in power
               | have always sought to control it, and they were just as
               | successful in the past, perhaps more so.
        
               | test098 wrote:
               | let's apply that extremely broad comment to another
               | group: computer scientists!
               | 
               | > Today's so-called journalists are ideology merchants
               | 
               | Today's so-called computer scientists are distraction
               | merchants
               | 
               | > Their fitness function is guided by such things as
               | their ideological alignment (or indoctrination), that of
               | the organization they work for ... or whatever it takes
               | to get clicks
               | 
               | Their fitness function is guided by such things as their
               | financial incentives (or indoctrination), that of the
               | organization they work for ... or whatever it takes to
               | make money
               | 
               | > Journalism has not been equated with truth-seeking in a
               | long time. From my perspective, I see it as a disgraceful
               | profession.
               | 
               | Computer science has not been equated with technological
               | advancement in a long time. From my perspective, I see it
               | as a disgraceful profession.
               | 
               | > In other words, if someone says "I am a journalist", I
               | will assume they exist to sell lies and ideology, not to
               | uncover the truth at all.
               | 
               | In other words, if someone says "I am a developer", I
               | will assume they exist to sell user data to the highest
               | bidder, not to engage in any kind of technological
               | pursuit.
               | 
               | > Given that our system of education does not produce
               | people who are able to think critically, what you have
               | are masses who believe what is being repeated by these
               | puppet masters. Collectively and through their actions,
               | they are damaging society in ways we have yet to
               | discover.
               | 
               | no changes.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | Those are important skills, but does a journalism major
               | really teach you that? Nearly all of my daily
               | interactions with journalism involves endless amounts of
               | agenda-driven spin, and consistent use of intentionally
               | divisive and provocative language. Journalists are
               | responsible for some of the least effective communication
               | I see on a daily basis. Perhaps it would be more useful
               | for teaching you how lie all the time, whilst holding on
               | to a few shreds of plausible deniability.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >I think Journalism is a great dual major choice (or
               | maybe just a minor), with whatever it is you want to
               | study, particularly if its in conjunction with
               | engineering, computer science, physics, biology, finance
               | / accounting etc. Why?
               | 
               | Just working for the college paper isn't a bad
               | alternative. Honestly, at this point, having been
               | involved with several college papers and having done a
               | lot of writing is probably way more valuable than any
               | individual engineering class I've ever taken. (Though I
               | certainly wouldn't dismiss what I learned with my
               | engineering degrees in their totality if not in the
               | specifics.)
               | 
               | ADDED: Didn't have a journalism minor per se but there
               | was a lecturer (had been a senior editor at Newsweek,
               | etc.) in undergrad who ran a Friday morning basically
               | seminar where he brought in all sorts of interesting
               | journo-related guests. It wasn't (for obvious reasons)
               | literally limited to people on campus newspapers. But a
               | 9am Friday slot kept most of the riff-raff out :-) (And
               | every now and then someone else would wander in and
               | wonder how everyone else in the room knew each other.)
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _and they are also taught to be ferocious in finding
               | and corroborating information for its "truthiness"_
               | 
               | And yet most practice the exact opposite.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | "And yet most practice the exact opposite"
               | 
               | And yet you just made a sweeping generalization about
               | journalists without any corroborating information.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | When did people lost the ability to experience empirical
               | reality, and generalize and draw conclusions from it, as
               | opposed to having everything force-fed in the form of
               | some statistic?
               | 
               | Finding "corroborating information" should be the
               | province of journalists, scientists, the police, etc.
               | 
               | Being able to draw first level conclusions from their
               | empirical experience of reality (and, in this case, their
               | years of exposure to watching media, reading media,
               | reading about media, and seeing media coverage unfold and
               | evaluated), is table stakes for being a citizen.
               | 
               | Without that direct experience and the ability to distill
               | it into a general understand, you're just someone reading
               | statistics and reports, who they can't evaluate or
               | corroborate with any of their experience, might as well
               | be reading for some fictional land.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | You said 80% of blah blah then drcry the use of
               | statistics. You just forced-fed that to everyone
               | 
               |  _When did people lost the ability to experience
               | empirical reality, and generalize and draw conclusions
               | from it_
               | 
               | No one lost this ability it's just an objectively worse
               | way to come to a conclusion. Making generalizations is
               | bad, it's weird you would openly propose doing it.
               | 
               |  _empirical experience of reality (and, in this case,
               | their years of exposure to watching media, reading media,
               | reading about media, and seeing media coverage unfold and
               | evaluated)_
               | 
               | You're simply describing anecdotal evidence which has
               | little value especially if there's alternatives and it's
               | being used to make a conclusion. It's fine to offer up
               | anecdotes but with supportering information. However what
               | the media does and tells you isn't your own personal
               | experiences.
               | 
               | Also, watching and observing all media or just your own
               | selected media where people tell you something is the way
               | it is.
               | 
               | The issue is a persons limited ability to observe as well
               | as confirmation bias,and memory lead to faulty
               | conclusions.
               | 
               |  _as opposed to having everything force-fed in the form
               | of some statistic?_
               | 
               | You're claiming statistics have less value than limited
               | personal observations?
               | 
               | You also used the phrase "forced-fed" as a manipulation
               | tactic to make people think whatever you mentioned after
               | it is bad. Like if I said "My mom force fed us hamburgers
               | for dinner" instead of "My mom made hamburgers for
               | dinner".
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _You said 80% of blah blah_
               | 
               | Huh? Did you LLM-like hallucinate that part?
               | 
               | > _No one lost this ability_
               | 
               | You'd be surprised.
               | 
               | > _Making generalizations is bad, it 's weird you would
               | openly propose doing it._
               | 
               | Making generalizations is the cornerstone of
               | understanding the world, and the basis of science. The
               | alternative is taking each element of larger clusters of
               | things and behaviors as some unique snowflake, and never
               | learning any greater lesson ("missing the forrest for the
               | trees").
               | 
               | > _You 're claiming statistics have less value than
               | limited personal observations?_
               | 
               | Merely claiming? This is reality 101. Anything you can
               | directly observe is more real than some third or fourth-
               | hand statistical "knowledge".
               | 
               | > _You also used the phrase "forced-fed" as a
               | manipulation tactic to make people think whatever you
               | mentioned after it is bad._
               | 
               | Or, you know, I used it to accurately describe the way
               | statistics are created, manipulated, promoted, and used
               | to paint all kinds of pictures state and private
               | interests want to promote. Which is how they got their
               | place at the worse end of the scale after "lies" and
               | "damned lies".
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | _Or, you know, I used it to accurately describe the way
               | statistics are created, manipulated, promoted, and used
               | to paint all kind_
               | 
               | Another generalization without evidence?
               | 
               |  _Merely claiming? This is reality 101. Anything you can
               | directly observe is more real than some third or fourth-
               | hand statistical "knowledge"._
               | 
               | No where did I say your observations are false. If you
               | use limited observations to reach a conclusion. You're
               | not even documenting your observations if you are simply
               | relying on your memory.
               | 
               | This is literally how racists think. They observe
               | behavior then generalize about a race. However
               | confirmation bias, media manipulation, and cultural bias
               | muddy your "recorded" observation. I'm not saying you're
               | a racist but I'm showing using your own input of the
               | world to generlize leads to faulty conclusions.
               | 
               |  _Making generalizations is the cornerstone of
               | understanding the world, and the basis of science_
               | 
               | No, the scientific method is the cornerstone of science.
               | Observations are only the first step to creating a
               | hypothesis then attempting to disprove it.
               | 
               | Statistics can be wrong but that doesn't mean you should
               | dismiss them.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | I mean, have ya looked around lately?
        
               | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
               | I wonder if it works in the opposite direction too. If
               | you dual majored biotech and journalism maybe it'd give
               | you a leg up on writing about biotech; you'd know what to
               | look out for and what's BS.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | The problem is that you'd probably be a good journalist
               | writing about biotech but journalism is a pretty awful
               | way to pay the bills these days, not that it was ever all
               | that great.
        
               | ProjectArcturis wrote:
               | Yes, but you'd make 3x as much in biotech.
        
               | theK wrote:
               | Not only the truth finding part but also the
               | understanding nuance part. Great journalists excel at
               | identifying important nuance to complex situations and
               | bringing it to light. A very good skill to have as an
               | engineer, especially when moving up the ranks.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > they are also taught to be ferocious in finding and
               | corroborating information for its "truthiness".
               | 
               | If they are actually trained in that, there's no evidence
               | of it. Journalists shape their articles to fit their
               | narrative.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Both of my parents are journalists and I'm a big tech ML
             | engineer... so there are alternative paths available :)
        
             | dmoy wrote:
             | Well I managed to not get into law at all.
             | 
             | I do know more about patent law than is probably relevant
             | for a layperson though lol
        
             | throwawaylinux wrote:
             | You can tell he's not a _real_ journalist because he wasn
             | 't digging dirt and attacking anybody who questioned The
             | Science(tm) or carrying water for the ruling class.
        
             | sydbarrett74 wrote:
             | Genetics certainly plays a heavy hand in terms of what we
             | end up doing occupationally. It's not the whole story,
             | obviously, but it's one of the chief protagonists. There's
             | also the matter of constant reinforcement and exposure to
             | your parents' careers as you grow up. So it's mostly genes
             | (nature) and parenting (nurture). Extrafamilial social
             | interactions provide a lesser, but not insignificant,
             | influence.
        
               | underlipton wrote:
               | Yes, genetic variability, which was largely set in
               | prehistory, definitely "plays a heavy hand" in
               | determining whether someone will enter the workforce in
               | one of several occupations that cluster closely in terms
               | of skill set, yet vary widely in terms of pay and
               | prestige. This guy will probably be a journalist instead
               | of, say, a private investigator, or a novelist, or a
               | technical writer, or a marketer, because it's in his
               | _genes_.  /s
        
               | sydbarrett74 wrote:
               | Different occupations require different temperaments,
               | personalities, and so forth. These things are largely
               | determined by genetics. How is any of that controversial,
               | or worthy of your scorn?
        
               | underlipton wrote:
               | >Different occupations require different temperaments,
               | personalities, and so forth.
               | 
               | No, I don't think I agree with that. Widely varying
               | workplace cultures across businesses in the same field or
               | market are driven by widely-varying temperaments,
               | personalities, etc. in each business's labor force. (This
               | is the saving grace of, say, police officers, where many
               | decorated vets have been shown to be bullies and
               | sociopaths; I would hope that there is some variance
               | there.) There isn't just variance in how different
               | companies and even teams do things, but across time; the
               | job of a journalist today is quite different from the job
               | of one at the occupation's inception, and even of one who
               | is now retiring as this young man is beginning his
               | career. In fact, assuming that in-built assets truly vary
               | non-trivially, many retire BECAUSE theirs are
               | incompatible with the shifting needs of a modern worker.
               | That a job's responsibilities change over time would
               | alone seem to falsify the notion that one can be born
               | with a proclivity for it, the same as one's parents.
               | 
               | >How is any of that controversial, or worthy of your
               | scorn?
               | 
               | It's unscientific, Panglossian garbage.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | There's no inevitability about picking up a career you're
             | familiar with. My dad was a pilot and a professor - yet I'm
             | a computer nerd.
        
             | sharadov wrote:
             | Not necessary - both parents were doctors but I became an
             | engineer. And no - They were not in it for the money.
             | 
             | Although they worked really hard they were always
             | passionate about their work and truly loved helping people
             | getting better.
             | 
             | But I realized early enough that I did not have the same
             | level of commitment.
        
           | bmmayer1 wrote:
           | Theo Baker also became the youngest person to win a Polk
           | Award because of this story, at 18. Very cool!
        
             | brightlancer wrote:
             | Despite the lack of name recognition, the Polk Award is a
             | serious award which is well respected among journalists.
        
             | tristor wrote:
             | And because of this, The Stanford Daily became the first
             | independent student newspaper to ever win a Polk Award.
        
               | jxramos wrote:
               | oh wow that's useful context. Congratulations to the
               | Daily.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | Wow! You can't make this up.
           | 
           | It's like one side of the "legacy elite" came around and
           | smacked down a whole different side of the "legacy elite."
        
             | LastTrain wrote:
             | Why would you consider two moderately paid journalists part
             | of the "legacy elite", how are what they do comparable - at
             | all - to the president of Stanford University?
        
               | johntiger1 wrote:
               | Exactly, don't know why they are trying to frame the kid
               | as part of some legacy elite. We should judge Theo for
               | his actions (commendable), not who his parents are.
        
               | xvector wrote:
               | Theo's achievements wouldn't be possible without his
               | parent's legacy to protect him. The average student
               | journalist absolutely could not do the same thing Theo
               | did here.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > two moderately paid journalists
               | 
               | "Peter Eleftherios Baker (born July 2, 1967) is an
               | American journalist and author. He is the chief White
               | House correspondent for The New York Times and a
               | political analyst for MSNBC, and was previously a
               | reporter for The Washington Post for 20 years."
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)
               | 
               | I don't know what he's paid, but I doubt it's anywhere
               | near the median for journalists, for US workers, or for
               | the NYTimes.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | There are many yardsticks by which you can measure elite
               | status, other than salary. I respect Dennis Ritchie, but
               | not for his salary.
               | 
               | If you measure status by the yardstick "Number of people
               | in the white house you're on a first name basis with"
               | then I am reasonably confident that NYT chief White House
               | correspondent Peter Baker scores higher than the
               | president of Stanford University.
               | 
               | None of this detracts from what Theo Baker has achieved,
               | of course.
        
               | LastTrain wrote:
               | Interesting. So, by that yardstick, a cook in the
               | Whitehouse basement is legacy elite. So is my 20 year old
               | niece. Sorry, but a more successful than average
               | journalist is not part of the "legacy elite", whatever
               | the fuck that means anyway.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | The term 'legacy elite' is indeed ambiguous, so let me
               | state things in a different way.
               | 
               | Imagine you're the President of Stanford, and some kid on
               | the student newspaper is bothering you about some decade-
               | old nonsense. You can barely even remember fudging the
               | numbers and besides, everyone was doing it. Student
               | newspapers have been railing against the university since
               | time immemorial, but this guy seems determined to harass
               | you personally. It bothers you and you want it to stop.
               | 
               | You could probably make it stop; almost everyone is
               | guilty of something, and society has seen fit to give you
               | your own police force. And even if you can't find any
               | evidence of pot or drinking or piracy, why shouldn't
               | rules about harassment, bullying and creating a hostile
               | workplace be on your side? Even if that wouldn't hold up
               | in court, probably someone can convince the kid that
               | 'voluntarily' stopping would be in everyone's best
               | interests.
               | 
               | Then you find out the kid's parents both write for major
               | national periodicals. And not occasional contract work or
               | writing the sunday style magazine, they're serious
               | journalists.
               | 
               | You realise this kid has probably already received advice
               | on the lines between journalism and harassment. Probably
               | very well informed advice. And even if his parents don't
               | _personally_ write about rising censorship on college
               | campuses, they undoubtedly know people who do.
               | 
               | You're going to have to do this one by the book.
        
             | KirillPanov wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_overproduction
        
             | arcticfox wrote:
             | That's an odd framing of what happened here, I don't really
             | get what it has to do with "legacy elites". I guess maybe
             | in the sense that his parents were exceptional, but when I
             | think of "legacy elites" I think of multi-generational
             | wealth and power that often has little to do with
             | individual merit (and is probably correlated _against_
             | merit, in my experience).
             | 
             | It certainly is fascinating though. Like it will be
             | interesting to see what happens if the kid of Ashton Eaton
             | (gold medalist, decathlon) and Brianne Theisen-Eaton (world
             | champion / bronze medalist, heptathlon) decides to dabble
             | in athletics in 10-15 years.
             | 
             | This is pretty much a journalistic version of that
             | scenario; if there was ever someone born to lay waste to a
             | fraudulent Stanford president, surely it was this kid.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | It's always interesting to watch the semi-elites & elites
               | of HN discuss and rationalize the merits of class
               | society.
        
               | AndrewKemendo wrote:
               | Yeah this is exactly what I'm describing
               | 
               | His parents are "elite" and he's following in their
               | footsteps - hence the "legacy."
               | 
               | It's one of the few generational advantages that I'm
               | generally ok with ethically (passing down a trade), so
               | long as it's not abused.
               | 
               | In this case that advantage seems to be being used for
               | the greater good which is great!
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Why would you classify Baker's family as "legacy elite"?
        
               | drBonkers wrote:
               | Are you serious?
               | 
               | > His parents are NYT chief White House correspondent
               | Peter Baker, and New Yorker staff writer Susan Glasser.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | Your opinion that the people working at those position
               | are 'legacy elite' is clearly not universal.
               | 
               | I'm not even sure what's 'legacy elite' supposed to mean,
               | other than that it is I suppose negative?
        
               | bentlegen wrote:
               | Basically folks have bought into conservative propaganda
               | that white collar journalists are somehow equally "elite"
               | as the ruling owner class.
        
               | DirkH wrote:
               | You're unaware there are people who more easily get into
               | elite schools because of their parents?
               | 
               | Educate yourself. It is a widespread systemic problem
               | often called affirmative action for Whites:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_preferences
               | 
               | "Nepobaby" (as in nepotism baby) or simply "Legacy" is
               | more commonly used.
               | 
               | This skips what is supposed to be a meritocracy and can
               | quite straightforwardly be argued to be perpetuating an
               | oligarchy and plutocracy
               | 
               | So yes, it's negative.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | Legacy elite is not mentioned on that site, not sure how
               | I was supposed to know what the poster means.
               | 
               | Anyway sounds pretty rude to claim that a specific
               | student was admitted thanks to his parents without any
               | evidence.
               | 
               | Thank you for your recommendation regarding the topics I
               | need to educate myself on.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | I too cannot believe it. Even the most diehard
               | nonparticipating 20-year-old League-of-Legends-addicted
               | coding-bootcamped hustlebro HN reader could fathom how
               | being a senior journalist in the country's maybe #1 and
               | #3 news institutions is like, a big deal.
               | 
               | Since it sounds like the other commenters are really
               | confused about why it matters whose kid he is: like if
               | you were just a regular person, you might be ejected from
               | Stanford for pursuing something like this against a far
               | lesser faculty member. It has nothing to do with
               | admissions, which is such a hustlebro 20 year old POV
               | anyway: to think that the privileges of nepotism are
               | limited to getting admitted to fancy universities and
               | money in a bank account. If only!
               | 
               | Imagine having first hand evidence of your PI doing
               | fraud, which lots of people do by definition, and that is
               | rightly seen as career suicide. Like even the postdoc in
               | the story, who has the evidence, hasn't come clean! He
               | can't just like, stop living the way this student can.
               | 
               | The students who relayed Marc Hauser's fraud to Harvard
               | never went public with their identities. They don't get
               | to win Polk Awards at all. They're not regarded as
               | investigative journalists. This also prevents us from
               | seeing what happened. I can tell you from my experience
               | at least some of those students joined Hauser's
               | prestigious lab for a medical school recommendation,
               | which obviously didn't happen. In fact they may have only
               | exposed him because, he was such an asshole, he refused
               | to write them recs at all, for whatever reason.
               | 
               | Do you know what all those people at Genentech get for
               | exposing this fraud publicly? Nothing. I mean, they
               | certainly don't become eligible for journalism awards.
               | They could very well have provided the first hand
               | evidence, and maybe posted to a PR newswire that has more
               | circulation than the Stanford Daily or whatever, and
               | cause the Stanford president to resign, and they still
               | will absolutely, positively, never win a Polk award. They
               | will just have a blown up career at the end, either way.
               | They have a 100% chance of exposing the truth, and yet a
               | pretty, pretty low chance of ending up better off than
               | they were before they started.
               | 
               | Nevermind research. Think about all the kids at e.g.
               | private schools, younger kids, directly harmed by
               | teachers molesting them, and you know, the kids are the
               | ones who leave, not the teachers, for many decades and
               | many institutions.
               | 
               | So it definitely mattered to be the son of some big deal
               | journalists in New York. Jerry Yang is beholden to
               | journalists in New York. It made this happen.
               | 
               | That said, of all the things to deploy your nepobabiness
               | on, this is a pretty good one, isn't it? Investigative
               | journalism of the finest degree. I don't personally think
               | that a Polk award determines the merit of the
               | investigation; nor does even the publication, clearly.
               | Anyone, everywhere, can be not only be an investigative
               | journalist, but indeed a _great_ investigative
               | journalist. It is a legitimately great story of bringing
               | this guy, who has clearly dodged bullets for a decade, to
               | task.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | _how being a senior journalist in the country 's maybe #1
               | and #3 news institutions is like, a big deal._
               | 
               | Ok, so you've established how his parents may be
               | considered elite. You haven't explained the legacy part
               | though. Did his parents get their jobs based on his
               | grandparents merits? Can they trace their lineage back to
               | the Mayflower? If that is irrelevant, can you perhaps
               | explain your conception of "legacy elite" and how it
               | differs from regular elite?
               | 
               |  _[they] never went public with their identities[..] They
               | 're not regarded as investigative journalists_
               | 
               | That's true. In order to be considered a journalist you
               | have to go public with your findings. Otherwise, you may
               | be an investigator but not a journalist.
        
               | voz_ wrote:
               | I like how, you write, and I agree. You have panache.
        
               | sgustard wrote:
               | Point is, his dad probably didn't write to the university
               | president (which would be ironic at this point) asking
               | him to admit his deadbeat son as a favor. The student
               | earned his admission the same way anyone does: essays,
               | grades, luck. I'm sure he was helped by the gift from his
               | parents of good writing skills and some doggedness.
               | "Legacy elite" tends to imply there's someone more
               | deserving of his spot.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | It's not about admission. Without his parents, he would
               | be removed from school for harassing a lesser faculty
               | member. Like imagine making the same accusations, as a
               | normal person, against your PI. Like he could have
               | direct, first hand evidence of fraud, and it would be
               | career suicide, if it weren't for his parents. Do you
               | see?
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > Without his parents, he would be removed from school
               | for harassing a lesser faculty member.
               | 
               | That's conjecture, not fact.
               | 
               | When I was at Georgia Tech (THWG), the administration,
               | via the Diversity Task Force, wanted to quietly change
               | the school fight song (better to ask forgiveness than
               | permission). So, the Technique student paper got the
               | story together and published it before the admin could
               | sink it.
               | 
               | I don't know if anyone at the Technique ever suffered for
               | it; my recollection was that the Diversity Task Force,
               | and the Director of Diversity Stephanie Ray, were pretty
               | hostile to anyone and everyone who opposed their re-
               | education ideas, so I presume there was retribution.
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20090726171257/http://techniq
               | ue....
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _His parents are NYT chief White House correspondent Peter
           | Baker, and New Yorker staff writer Susan Glasser_
           | 
           | wow, his parents maybe can learn from this! How to doggedly
           | pursue allegations against the occupant of the Whitehouse,
           | _without fear or favor_ , with a healty dose of Grabthar's
           | Hammer (never give up, never surrender)
        
         | JJMcJ wrote:
         | Go Cardinal.
         | 
         | The Daily can be considered a real newspaper.
        
         | malux85 wrote:
         | Good, this kind of thing in academia is far too common. Cherry
         | picking results all the way to outright falsifying data. It's a
         | problem at Auckland university here in NZ too, my friends who
         | are studying there say that their results are ignored if they
         | are inconvenient. It's disgusting, and they should make an
         | example of them (they are I guess)
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | I don't think it has to do with academia. It's just that
           | manipulating data is common if it benefits people. Think of
           | Facebook ad efficiency scandal, it's just one example.
        
           | deepspace wrote:
           | I was just reading an article from a HN story yesterday,
           | where it was found that around 1/4 of data published in
           | studies in anesthesiology were found to be faked. You know,
           | anesthesiology, the field where giving you the wrong drug or
           | the wrong amount can kill you.
           | 
           | I strongly suspect that a driving factor is guys like this -
           | leaders who reward "positive" results and punish "negative"
           | ones.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | Good for Theo for writing this up, but it was Elizabeth Bik who
         | got the ball rolling in discovering and investigating the
         | fraud.
        
           | tda wrote:
           | Some links: https://scienceintegritydigest.com/
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Bik
        
           | jhbadger wrote:
           | Bik is a wonderful resource in science in general. She also
           | runs the Microbiome Digest https://microbiomedigest.com that
           | probably the majority of scientists working on the microbiome
           | use to keep current in our field.
        
           | danso wrote:
           | "Writing this up"? It's likely true that Dr. Bik got the ball
           | running (I believe she had posted about the anomalous figures
           | months/years in the past), but there's a big difference
           | between noticing fraudulent signs in published research,
           | versus pursuing that lead into an investigation that attempts
           | to identify the actual decision makers.
           | 
           | Marc Tessier-Lavigne said all along that the bad/faked data
           | was the work of other sloppy/bad actors. It was only through
           | the reporting from Theo Baker and his colleagues that the
           | public learned of MTL's negligence and culpability.
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | I don't want to take away from Theo Baker's work here. The
             | articles are well written and well researched. But
             | ultimately they are simply _reporting_ on other people 's
             | actions and formal investigations. I don't see any evidence
             | that these articles were a driving force in this set of
             | events.
        
               | danso wrote:
               | Well, technically, nearly _all_ news reporting is
               | "reporting on other people's actions" -- e.g. Seymour
               | Hersh didn't witness My Lai nor did he even find out
               | about it on his own: Lt. Calley Jr. had already been
               | investigated by the military and charged with mass murder
               | of civilians; Hersh got interested after an anti-war
               | lawyer tipped him off [0].
               | 
               | > _I don 't see any evidence that these articles were a
               | driving force in this set of events._
               | 
               | One day after Baker published his investigation in the
               | Daily [1], Stanford announced an investigation into MTL's
               | research. You think that's a coincidence, or that the
               | university was pressured to act that quickly b/c of the
               | Daily simply reporting that The EMBO Journal was looking
               | into allegations about a 2008 paper that MTL was third
               | author on? No need to speculate; the university
               | explicitly credits the Daily's story [2]:
               | 
               | > _According to spokesperson Dee Mostofi, the University
               | will "assess the allegations presented in the Stanford
               | Daily, consistent with its normal rigorous approach by
               | which allegations of research misconduct are reviewed and
               | investigated."_
               | 
               | It is true that Baker's first story led with the news
               | that "A prominent research journal [EMBO] has confirmed
               | to The Daily that it is reviewing a paper co-authored by
               | [MTL]". But that's not the meat of the story, and most
               | definitely not a catalyst for the university to announce
               | an investigation. EMBO itself told the Daily that the
               | review was still too early to comment:
               | 
               | > _When asked about the specific allegations and the
               | timeframe of the investigation, Batista wrote, "We
               | currently cannot comment more substantively before we
               | have a better assessment of the full situation."_
               | 
               | > _It is unclear how long the review will take, and
               | allegations can go without a response from the journal or
               | authors for years. But an investigation could carry
               | serious consequences for Tessier-Lavigne even if he is
               | absolved of the alleged manipulation or other direct
               | wrongdoing._
               | 
               | [0] https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/30/the-
               | scene-of-t...
               | 
               | [1] https://stanforddaily.com/2022/11/29/stanford-
               | presidents-res...
               | 
               | [2] https://stanforddaily.com/2022/11/30/stanford-opens-
               | investig...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | P_I_Staker wrote:
             | Don't you understand it's the IDEA that matters?
        
               | Slow_Hand wrote:
               | In this case the execution and follow-through matters
               | more.
               | 
               | I could be the one to identify that my metropolitan city
               | has a massive homelessness problem. But it's another,
               | much more impressive, achievement to be the one who does
               | the hard work of pursuing and resolving that problem.
        
               | danso wrote:
               | You are correct but I think the comment was tongue in
               | cheek.
        
               | Slow_Hand wrote:
               | Could be. Chalk it up to Poe's Law, then.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | OldGuyInTheClub wrote:
         | He would have gotten away with it except for those meddling
         | kids.
        
           | strangattractor wrote:
           | Give him a Scooby snack.
        
         | helloworld wrote:
         | Here's more about Baker:
         | 
         | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/theo-baker-s...
        
         | marcosfelt wrote:
         | He was interviewed by one of the local TV stations today:
         | https://abc7news.com/stanford-theo-baker-university-presiden...
        
       | tppiotrowski wrote:
       | "The EMBO Journal wrote in a public post last week that it is
       | reviewing the allegations regarding a 2008 paper about receptors
       | within the brain for which Tessier-Lavigne is listed as the
       | *third author of 11*"
       | 
       | 11 authors? I thought the kickbacks of "I'll publish your name on
       | my paper if you publish my name on yours" in Computer Science
       | were bad...
        
       | jklinger410 wrote:
       | All of these comments and articles and no mention of what the
       | studies were about, and why he manipulated them.
        
       | DanAtC wrote:
       | Putting the scam in Scamford
        
       | akhayam wrote:
       | I hear the calls for blood here, but will offer a contrarian
       | point of view. The pressures academic researchers have to face
       | today are unparalleled, even in 95% of industry jobs. The
       | pressure to publish continuously, pressure to win grants,
       | pressure to be a great teacher, pressure to be a role model for
       | students and younger faculty, pressure to balance all this with
       | families that really need you too.
       | 
       | So we basically take the brightest minds and have them compete in
       | a gladiatorial rate race. This system is so broken that something
       | fundamental has to change here.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | I agree. I'm a physicist and if everyone I knew who lied in
         | their research got fired, there would be no one left.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | What the actual fuck. There should be none of you left if
           | that's the case.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | Not sure why you're surprised, it's basically required at
             | this point. Part of becoming a physicist is learning which
             | 20% of a given paper is a vast overexaggeration of the
             | impact or significance of the results. The exaggeration and
             | deception is required for career progression
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Probably because anyone mentioning such a thing is met
               | with outrage at suggestion that "scientists" are anything
               | but humble truth seekers.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Scientists are careerists first. I'm sure you've been
               | told this many times
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | No the public discourse around this has been, for years
               | at this point, that this isn't true. Stating anything
               | else gets one labeled as an anti-science conspiracy
               | theorist at best or a fascist at worst. Surely you know
               | this.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | I'm from a reasonably poor background so my experience
               | has been almost the opposite, that experts are derided
               | and seen as weirdos who are missing some aspect of
               | reality.
               | 
               | I get that there is a portion of the population for which
               | what you say is true, but I'm sceptical that you aren't
               | aware of what I'm talking about, but if you've genuinely
               | managed to avoid it up until now, then you're welcome I
               | guess
        
         | wolpoli wrote:
         | If I understand you correctly, you are saying we shouldn't be
         | punishing individuals for a system problem. Is it time to
         | reform the system then?
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | It was time to reform the system several decades ago. But
           | Americans are terrible at understanding "not every dollar
           | spent on research will have a big outcome", or even
           | understanding how research works in general.
        
         | voytec wrote:
         | It's interesting to see that software engineering (and IT
         | overall) is not the major quality downgrade introduced by VC-
         | like funding and push for Continuous Development.
        
         | jkaptur wrote:
         | This person is in trouble for intensifying exactly the issues
         | you're describing:
         | 
         | "The report ... identified a culture where Tessier-Lavigne
         | "tended to reward the 'winners' (that is, postdocs who could
         | generate favorable results) and marginalize or diminish the
         | 'losers' (that is, postdocs who were unable or struggled to
         | generate such data).""
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | I think GPs point is that there is little here to deter
           | _other_ academics who behave the same way. From my time in
           | academia, there are _plenty_ of professors I knew who behaved
           | this way (not direct falsification, but rewarding the
           | winners).
           | 
           | This is a particularly egregious case of a high profile
           | person. In most other cases, if misconduct is detected, the
           | buck is passed on to the individual researcher/grad student.
           | I personally know a fellow student who falsified data,
           | published papers, and was caught. Only he, not the coauthors,
           | got in trouble.
        
         | okintheory wrote:
         | I didn't read your comment as a defense, only as an
         | explanation. And as an explanation, you're right: The pressure
         | is getting to way too many people. But how can you fix it? I'm
         | afraid good answers need very deep change. Society lets a few
         | 'winners' (whether by cheating, effort, good luck, or anything
         | else) reap too much of our collective rewards.
        
           | the_only_law wrote:
           | > But how can you fix it? I'm afraid good answers need very
           | deep change
           | 
           | How the hell do you manage to bring deep change to large
           | entrenched bureaucracies like universities though? Honestly,
           | I'm surprised there wasn't a crackdown or any supression on
           | the guy who exposed this person.
        
             | callalex wrote:
             | The guy who exposed this person is the child of two
             | prominent New York Times journalists.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | "When you're in a hole, stop digging". Yes, academia is
         | terribly broken at the moment, the incentives are fucked, and
         | fraud is rampant. But the solution there is not to just look
         | the other way at misdeeds, that just makes the incentives even
         | worse. Highly-visible career executions for misconduct aren't
         | the entire solution, but they are part of the solution.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | I didn't realize academic research was a mandatory life
         | sentence.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | The guy went on to become Stanford president, it's not the
         | system that broke him, it's that he was a cheater all along and
         | flourished in it.
         | 
         | There are a lot of good honest hard working people losing out,
         | but you won't find them at an administrator luncheon because
         | they are spending 70h in the lab every week on a temp contract.
        
       | darkclouds wrote:
       | The problem with these people is, they are allowed to resign and
       | say sorry, they dont get treated as potential murder suspects or
       | criminal assaulters by proxy, if such a law exists, because we
       | dont know if their work is being cited and used for drug
       | treatments. Here in the UK, the part of NHS that decided what
       | drugs can be prescribed by GP's called National Institute of
       | Clinical Excellence (NICE), hide behind secrecy when choosing
       | what drugs GP should prescribe.
       | 
       | There just isnt enough accountability of the people at the top.
        
       | nerdchum wrote:
       | This is modern science. This is our tax dollars. And this is at
       | the highest levels.
        
         | JohnMakin wrote:
         | This is a private university.
        
           | nimih wrote:
           | The webpages for most of the graduate studies/research
           | departments seem to indicate that some level of public
           | funding is expected/necessary for at least some students and
           | researchers at Stanford. An example[1]:
           | 
           | The department has limited funding available for MS and PhD
           | students, which is awarded at the time of admissions by the
           | program coordinator. Prospective students are encouraged to
           | seek funding from external sources such as the NSF GFRP or
           | AHRQ Dissertation Awards, and/or for Stanford-based funding
           | such as fellowships available through the VPGE Office.
           | 
           | [1] https://med.stanford.edu/epidemiology-
           | dept/education/graduat...
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Not spending _any_ public funds?
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | And the alleged misconduct happened before he joined the
           | university.
        
             | thrawa8387336 wrote:
             | And? It's still an epic failure
        
           | mattwest wrote:
           | Your statement means nothing. Look up how much money Stanford
           | receives through NSF, NIH, DoD, etc.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | Which likely gets most of its research funds from government
           | grants.
           | 
           | Concretely - over 70% come from the federal government:
           | 
           | https://facts.stanford.edu/research/
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Thousands of them at any given time, of which we've had
             | news reporting on single digit numbers from years ago. You
             | should now update your priors.
        
           | localhost wrote:
           | Many of the research grants are funded from public tax
           | dollars
        
           | phone8675309 wrote:
           | Private university doesn't mean that public grant money isn't
           | used in research grants.
        
         | renegade-otter wrote:
         | So, what is the solution? Fire all scientists? Close down all
         | university research labs?
         | 
         | And then when will that "saved" money go? A high-speed rail? I
         | don't think so. A tax cut for private jet owners? Probably:
         | https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/feb/18/melanie-da...
         | 
         | With zero spending, there will be zero waste and corruption. I
         | will create zero bugs if I write zero code.
         | 
         | Just like VCs expect a tremendous amount of waste when going
         | for wealth appreciation, so should countries expect waste when
         | investing in science, research, and innovation. There will be
         | waste, there will be fraud, but the options are either play the
         | game or be left in the Middle Ages.
         | 
         | In the same fashion, let's have innocent children go hungry
         | because some adults abuse social programs. Let's stop all
         | military R&D because some contractors are overcharging.
        
           | thereddaikon wrote:
           | There is definitely room for reform in the "business" of
           | academia. IE: in how research is published, checked, verified
           | and funded. And how Universities interact with it. There is a
           | clear problem in how things are incentivized and it is
           | encouraging misconduct.
        
             | renegade-otter wrote:
             | Sure, but to what point?
             | 
             | "We spent 1 million dollars on oversight, and the 100
             | thousand dollar project is now completely free of fraud"
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Nope. I think this is better: We spent zero citizens tax
               | dollars on science grants and all scientists had to get
               | venture capitalist funding like the rest of the world.
        
           | nerdchum wrote:
           | 99% of modern scientists would not make it out of series A
           | funding from VCs yet the government keeps throwing millions
           | at them because they keep publishing papers even if the
           | papers provide no value to society. And the people in charge
           | of giving the funding went to the same elite universities as
           | most of the people that are getting the funding.
           | 
           | Theres zero accountability.
           | 
           | Modern science industry is a massive scam. Its literally
           | theft. And hasn't produced much applicable to the actual
           | world in decades.
           | 
           | The solution is to eliminate white collar welfare and make
           | the scientists get their own funding like an entrepreneur or
           | an artist or literally any other field.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | That will not advance science much because of completely
             | wrong incentives. Scientific knowledge does not always have
             | to be monetized and often is impossible to monetize, yet it
             | is extremely valuable. Just a few examples:
             | 
             | 1. Verification of prior research that produced negative
             | results (e.g. proved some hypothesis wrong). VCs may want
             | to take the risk and fund the original research, but what's
             | the risk model in verifying the negative results?
             | 
             | 2. Theoretical research that will yield practical results
             | only in 50+ years. No VC would wait that long (what share
             | of fusion research was funded by VCs in the last 50 years?)
             | 
             | 3. Research that undermines capitalist model, e.g. by
             | demonstrating the necessity to increase taxes or altering
             | redistribution to reduce inequality. The society will
             | clearly benefit from it, but what could a VC gain from
             | that?
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Science is not advancing much now!
               | 
               | What is it produced in the past decade?? Past 30 years??
               | 
               | I've been on this earth for many decades and (other than
               | the internet developed by the military)...the TRILLIONS
               | of tax dollars that have gone into science have yielded
               | nothing to minimal application to my life.
               | 
               | I completely understand your idealistic version of blue
               | sky science needing disinterested non-results-based
               | funding.... but that just turns to corruption and using
               | our tax dollars wastefully with no results with the
               | perpetual excuse of: "it's blue sky research I don't have
               | to prove anything to you just give me more money"
               | 
               | and I've worked in labs and universities and I can 100%
               | tell you scientific corruption with tax dollars is more
               | the rule than the exception.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | What is produced in the past 30 years? Lots of stuff. For
               | example the LIGO project produced sufficient evidence to
               | conclude that gravity waves exist and we can measure
               | them, as well as identifying sources of such waves. No
               | real application is anticipated- but it's damned nice to
               | know that the prediction was borne out by reality.
               | 
               | CRISPR- an extraordinary tool for genetic manipulation.
               | Could potentially have a huge impact in medical
               | treatments; has already revolutionized experimental
               | research.
               | 
               | AlphaFold demonstrated that protein structure prediction
               | with experimental-level accuracy is possible. This could
               | also have huge implications in medical research and
               | treatments.
               | 
               | Probably, we don't see advancements occurring in real
               | time because we learn about things that happened over
               | decades or centuries, but collapse them to short
               | intervals.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | If you missed the progress of the last 30 years, it shows
               | only how much are you uninterested in this topic.
               | 
               | There happened A LOT practically in every field. Several
               | major mathematical problems were solved, big progress in
               | theoretical and applied physics, astronomy, biology,
               | medicine etc etc. All modern electronics, electric cars,
               | medical treatments are based on recent research. AI,
               | solar energy, green tech... shall I continue or you just
               | subscribe to phys.org?
               | 
               | The problems with corruption are direct consequence of
               | applying capitalist model with the wrong incentives. It
               | is pretty dumb for modern scientists to value published
               | papers over verified results and to pursue medieval
               | titles.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | > modern electronics, electric cars, medical treatments
               | are based on recent research. AI, solar energy, green
               | tech
               | 
               | Every single thing you mentioned is a result of private
               | industry.
               | 
               | I've read phys.org....cold fusion has been righttttt
               | around the corner for a century now according to them. So
               | has all of the promising miraculous cancer cures that
               | never materialize.
               | 
               | Even if some research comes from academia, I bet you that
               | private industry would make the same breakthroughs and
               | for far far far less money.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | So you are just demonstrating your ignorance. All of
               | these are based on years of government funded research,
               | private funding really only got involved once things
               | looked promising.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | electric cars: invented by private industry, refined by
               | private industry
               | 
               | lithium ion batteries: invented at Exxon and Asahi Kasai
               | corp
               | 
               | AI: refined at IBM culminating in deep blue, refined by
               | Google with BERT, recently refined by Open AI
               | 
               | solar panel: invented by bell labs private industry
               | 
               | modern electronics, medical technology, and green tech??
               | 
               | all so vague, but probably all invented by private
               | industry.
               | 
               | It's actually the reverse with you showing your
               | ignorance.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | Solar panels were invented even before Alexander Bell was
               | born, by Edmond Becquerel. His work was funded by France.
               | 
               | Lithium ion batteries of Whittingham were based on
               | decades of research in academia, including his own work
               | at Standford and work of other scientists in many other
               | institutions. See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_lithium-
               | ion_bat... how many research institutions are mentioned
               | in the article.
               | 
               | Profit-oriented research rarely produces interesting
               | fundamental results.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Electricity, radio waves, flight, antibiotics.. it seems
               | to me that private industry and individuals produce the
               | MOST interesting fundamental results.
               | 
               | It might be good to check your confidence in your
               | knowledge.
               | 
               | > His work was funded by France. Citation needed.
               | 
               | Everything I've read he was a private citizen
               | experimenting in his father's laboratory and not part of
               | any academic institution or receiving any government
               | funding.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | Electricity - not a single result, but a big topic, to
               | which contributed Faraday, Galvani, Volta, Thomson among
               | others. You can check where they worked. Ben Franklin
               | funded research himself, but his contribution to modern
               | theory of electricity is not the biggest.
               | 
               | Radio waves - Maxwell, of course. Radio
               | receiver/transmitter invented both by Popov and Marconi
               | independently of each other, so it's 50/50 academic vs
               | commercial research.
               | 
               | Flight - impossible to attribute to a single person or
               | team of inventors. There are balloons, gliders,
               | airplanes, space flight etc. Wright brothers built a
               | machine, but there was prior research in academia. Theory
               | of flight was developed with heavy influence of military
               | (i.e. state funding) and I can name a number of state-
               | funded institutions in different countries which advanced
               | the science significantly. Commercialization did help,
               | but not as the only driver and probably not the main one.
               | 
               | Antibiotics - what fundamental result do you mean
               | exactly? It's a broad term with a rich history, a lot of
               | initial research done in non-commercial institutions.
               | 
               | I will stop here. I have an impression that your views
               | have something to do with your personal grievances. If
               | you want to construct some unorthodox theory of how
               | science works, good luck with that.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | So much rationalization. Anytime someone has to
               | rationalize to this great of an extent... I know they
               | have an agenda.
               | 
               | It's extremely simple.
               | 
               | The wright brothers discovered/ invented flight.
               | 
               | Ben Franklin discovered/ invented electricity.
               | 
               | Marconi: radio waves
               | 
               | Flemming: antibiotics
               | 
               | This is settled history agreed upon worldwide, this is
               | not controversial or complicated.
               | 
               | why do you have to rationalize so much!?
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | His father was a professor at the French National Museum
               | of Natural History, that's presumably where the lab was.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | > What is it produced in the past decade?? Past 30
               | years??
               | 
               | MRNA vaccines?
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Thats an entirely different discussion as to whether
               | those are legitimate or not.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | And now you have completely disqualified yourself.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | just to people who thought masks were a good idea but
               | when the waiter brings the breadsticks it's okay to
               | remove the mask to eat at a crowded public restaurant for
               | some reason
        
               | renegade-otter wrote:
               | Aaaand there we have it.
        
           | Clubber wrote:
           | That's a lot of straw men you put up there to knock down.
           | 
           | Maybe have a whistleblower hotline for academic fraud. I'll
           | bet some of the grad students knew what was going on.
           | 
           | That one guy's selfishness tarnished the schools reputation
           | for probably a generation.
        
             | mattwest wrote:
             | Sometimes they are the ones doing it if their visa is on
             | the line.
        
             | P_I_Staker wrote:
             | They don't want the whistle blown.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | Reward boring and interesting results equally? Finance more
           | independent attempts to reproduce interesting results?
        
             | elcritch wrote:
             | Stop trying to "business-fy" research. The demand and drive
             | to make research more efficient and business like hurts the
             | point of academic research. It's similar to how the theory
             | in business itself that the singular goal of public
             | companies is to "increase shareholder value". Academic
             | success can't be linked to just the number of papers
             | produced or cited.
             | 
             | Western cultures needs to go back to embracing plain old
             | hard work and that business, research, etc all require
             | difficult work and reflection at the top levels to function
             | best.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | I'm completely fine with academic success not being
               | linked to any sort of outcome or result or increase in
               | value to society.
               | 
               | I just don't want them use my tax dollars to do it.
        
               | cauch wrote:
               | You can see it in another way: science is directly
               | improving your life. Your tax money is not a "gift" that
               | you make, or even a "salary" that you pay, it's you
               | buying the right to profit from it.
               | 
               | Why should the result of the scientists work be given to
               | you for free, when you have contributed nothing as
               | important in exchange? I don't understand why some people
               | think tax money is some kind of favor that they are
               | doing: are they so full of themselves to think they can
               | profit from modern life for free like a parasite?
               | 
               | The choice is there and was always there: you don't like
               | paying taxes, you can always go live on your own
               | somewhere in the wild. But as soon as you profit from the
               | modern life that is 100% built upon the work of the
               | scientists, you have to pay them to live here.
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | As someone who worked on publicly funded grants, I find
               | this attitude repulsive.
               | 
               | Everyone who receives money from public coffers owes that
               | public a service mindset. The arrogant self-importance in
               | academic science is inexcusable and reason IN ITSELF for
               | de-funding the entire enterprise.
               | 
               |  _> are they so full of themselves to think they can
               | profit from modern life for free like a parasite?_
               | 
               | How ironic.
        
               | cauch wrote:
               | You are reaching conclusions that are not implied by what
               | I've said.
               | 
               | You are somehow inventing that being grateful to someone
               | means that the other person is not being grateful to you.
               | 
               | Nothing in my text implies anything on how the person who
               | receive the money should act. I do not think that
               | scientists are one bit more important than other members
               | of the society, and I think they should act with the
               | upmost care and respect for the trust the society has
               | given them. Why would I think differently than that? I'm
               | criticizing people who thinks everything is own to them.
               | These people can be tax-payers that don't even think one
               | second that their taxes are not some kind of generous
               | gift, AND these people can also be scientists who thinks
               | the society owns them money automatically for their work
               | without any conditions.
               | 
               | What a strange view of the world, where everything is a
               | competition where if someone is not considering
               | themselves as the "owner", it means the other person is.
               | What about no one acts like the other owns them
               | something, what if everyone recognizes that that we are
               | in a win-win situation?
               | 
               | It is really telling about our society that when someone
               | reads my text, they are so shaped by their competitive
               | "money = power" vision of the world that they are totally
               | oblivious that considering that A being grateful to A
               | does not imply that B is be arrogant and full of self-
               | importance.
        
               | jimkoen wrote:
               | > You can see it in another way: science is directly
               | improving your life.
               | 
               | You can argue about spending mentality though. Some
               | institutions consciously ignore important signals from
               | the research community to keep departments going. And in
               | the field of IT especially, there's a trend to push
               | novelty in publications alone, producing results that
               | aren't even interesting outside the research community.
               | 
               | I'm happy paying taxes to fund research, but I want that
               | research to be accessible all the way through - that
               | includes access to collected data. Which isn't the status
               | quo.
        
               | elcritch wrote:
               | That's self defeating though and precisely my point. The
               | mindset that tax dollars should only be used to fund
               | "valuable" research degrades the actual value of the
               | research for society.
               | 
               | Academic research should be funded because it's an
               | important aspect of the human experience. The fact that
               | it also leads to material benefits should be a knock on
               | effect that's encouraged but not the core goal.
               | 
               | It's a perfect example of Goodhart's law: "When a measure
               | becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure".
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law
               | 
               | IMHO, accountability is great. It just requires difficult
               | work at the top leadership to do so well. Just boiling it
               | down to a single number like "economic value of research"
               | doesn't work.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | You can simply assume that your tax dollars do not fund
               | science directly, it's all other's money and other people
               | are fine with that. The budget pie is big and your
               | contribution to it is going elsewhere, e.g. funding
               | military or subsidizing some big corporations which in
               | turn fund some private science.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | It is because every dollar I spend is inflated by the
               | government debt.
               | 
               | https://www.worldometers.info/us-debt-clock/
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | I don't think there exists a conspiracy to dilute your
               | contribution to US budget with more debt (if it did
               | exist, it would be a very VC style conspiracy, so what
               | not to like?).
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | I don't think you understand how the debt works.
        
               | stubybubs wrote:
               | https://news.wisc.edu/decades-on-bacteriums-discovery-
               | feted-...
               | 
               | Taq polymerase is about my favorite thing discovered
               | through basic research. Just some scientists looking at
               | interesting stuff in a Yellowstone geyser, who happened
               | to discover the molecule that enabled DNA replication in
               | a lab and essentially exploded the field.
               | 
               | No corporation these days is going to pay somebody to do
               | that. I think it's worth the risks to get something like
               | that.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Polymerase was already known (isolated ,purified, and
               | characterized in '56); the interesting part of Taq was
               | its thermostability which permits thermal cycling to
               | implement PCR (and other neat techniques).
        
           | ivan_gammel wrote:
           | There's plenty of opportunities to reform the scientific
           | organization and science in general.
           | 
           | 1. Get rid of scientific journals, replace them with
           | databases of scientific results and raw data. A paper may
           | explain the result, but looking at the database must be
           | enough. Assign credibility score based on independent
           | verifications/confirmation of trustworthiness by other
           | leading experts in the field. Negative results, verifications
           | of known facts should have equal significance there. Theories
           | must be peer-reviewed first. In some scientific field this
           | may significantly change how the research is made, probably
           | for good (it's fun to read papers in certain fields where
           | authors disagree with another scientist because of some gut
           | feeling).
           | 
           | 2. Get rid of degrees and titles - they do not age well
           | without continuous learning and participation in research.
           | Bachelors and doctors should have had an expiration date.
           | Credibility of a person must be based on exams,
           | certifications and scientific results accepted by others and
           | as such always has certain age. A scientist who became an
           | expert by verifying a lot of other's works may be more
           | credible expert than someone who made one new discovery. The
           | weight that this scientist puts behind each verified result
           | must boost its credibility significantly, but if the
           | reputation is damaged it must cascade to everything
           | downstream.
           | 
           | 3. Management career track must be separated from
           | professional track: head of a lab must not be the best expert
           | and should not be the first name on a published result.
           | Leadership skills, ethical code and ability to assemble a
           | great team must be more important. Choice of the direction of
           | research must be a team decision.
        
         | mepian wrote:
         | Scientific misconduct is not a particularly "modern"
         | phenomenon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piltdown_Man
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | The optimal amount of scientific misconduct is not zero.
        
           | carpet_wheel wrote:
           | What kind of weak cop out is this? It's the president of the
           | school, not some miscreant child. Pathetic.
        
           | btheshoe wrote:
           | so based. But I do have to say that when the president of one
           | of your top institutions resigns over misconduct, the level
           | of misconduct is probably a fair amount over optimal. And
           | speaking with my friends in, eg, alzheimer's research, the
           | fraud and inability to trust the veracity of unreplicated
           | results does really slow down work in the field.
        
           | its_ethan wrote:
           | Care to elaborate on why you think it's optimal to have a
           | non-zero amount of fake data supporting scientific claims?
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Because the only way to get zero misconduct is to
             | drastically reduce the amount of science that is done,
             | probably by orders of magnitude. This is an old saw when
             | talking about government waste: the optimal amount of waste
             | isn't zero, because there are diminishing returns to
             | pursuing waste, and at some point the losses you avoid by
             | eliminating waste are swamped by the costs of eliminating
             | it.
             | 
             | It doesn't follow that waste and misconduct are good, only
             | that when we talk about policy responses to scandals, we
             | should consider the costs involved in avoiding those
             | scandals, and whether it's rational to pay those costs.
             | Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn't.
        
               | Brusco_RF wrote:
               | I am somewhat mind-blown by that government waste adage.
               | While I supposed that in some technical sense it could be
               | true, I would like to have a blunt conversation with
               | anyone who believes government waste is anywhere near
               | parity with the costs of trying to eliminate government
               | waste
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Completely agreed. The best solution to eliminate
               | government waste is to eliminate the part of the
               | government creating the waste.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | The logic of the statement, which is pretty hard to
               | dispute, doesn't establish that the current amount of
               | waste in any given program is or isn't optimal, only that
               | the optimal level isn't zero.
        
               | pgodzin wrote:
               | No one is saying the current level of government waste is
               | optimal and not worth the cost to eliminate. Just that if
               | you have eliminated 99%, the extra 1% may not be worth
               | it.
        
               | Brusco_RF wrote:
               | I'd like to cross that bridge when we get there :)
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | The usual framing is that the optimal amount of X is the
             | point where it is just below the cost of preventing X.
             | 
             | So, if it costs millions of dollars to pursue fraud, you
             | would still be better with allowing thousands of dollars to
             | go.
        
           | nerdchum wrote:
           | The optimal amount of my tax dollars going into government
           | funded science is zero.
           | 
           | Scientists need to earn their money like the rest of the
           | world.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | I'm sure there's a country you could immigrate to where the
             | political consensus is that no basic research of any sort
             | should happen, but the country we're talking about has the
             | opposite consensus. Put differently: is there an argument
             | you could make here that would be persuasive to someone
             | other than an ancap?
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | I don't think that America has a consensus on this at
               | all. Numerous people I talk to think science should be
               | privatized.
               | 
               | And if more people were aware of the corruption that goes
               | on in science the pendulum would quickly swing.
        
               | gilbetron wrote:
               | Are you implying that private agencies have less
               | corruption than public ones? It's fascinating how jarring
               | that is with my life experience.
               | 
               | Before you answer, remember, Stanford is a private
               | institution.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | What Tobias said about the NeverNudes applies.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | Reality has a way of asserting itself.
               | 
               | https://www.usdebtclock.org/
        
             | medvezhenok wrote:
             | Sure. Then please refrain from using anything that was
             | invented/developed from government funding. Including the
             | internet.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | That happened to more than 30 years ago, like I said in
               | my original statement.
               | 
               | If I refrain from using anything invented and developed
               | from government funding in the last 30 years, what would
               | I have to give up?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Every medication developed in the last 30 years, for
               | starters. I mean, you're basically asking for a list of
               | every invention derived from government-funded basic
               | research (also known as "all basic research"). It might
               | make more sense to ask what you _could_ use.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | I find it telling you can't name one.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I find it telling that you think it's challenging to name
               | an invention that depends on any of the last 30 years of
               | basic research, so we're at an impasse.
        
               | nerdchum wrote:
               | You're the one you said to stop using technology invented
               | by the government.
               | 
               | Then I said I would be happy to if you could name a
               | single one in the past 30 years.
               | 
               | And you can't.
        
               | dadrian wrote:
               | Off the top of my head...
               | 
               | - Soft-white LEDs
               | 
               | - Data-over-headphone-jack
               | 
               | - ZK-SNARKs
               | 
               | - Tor
               | 
               | - Energy-harvesting power monitors
               | 
               | - TCP congestion control
               | 
               | These all had government funding or were invented in
               | government labs.
        
       | zx10rse wrote:
       | A good reminder about Aaron Swartz and his story -
       | https://youtu.be/gpvcc9C8SbM?t=3238
        
       | itsoktocry wrote:
       | Remember that these are exactly the "type" of person the media
       | will trot out on front of the public to make wild claims about
       | "the science". Questioning their claims can have consequences.
        
       | Atatator wrote:
       | Mekhmat otzyvaet 500 000 svoikh vypusknikov. Prichina otzyva: vo
       | vtorom tome Fikhtengol'tsa na stranitse 187 v formule XVIII.56
       | otsutstvuet normiruiushchii operator.
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | > Tessier-Lavigne defended his reputation but acknowledged that
       | issues with his research, first raised in a Daily investigation
       | last autumn, meant that Stanford requires a president "whose
       | leadership is not hampered by such discussions."
       | 
       | This speaks volumes about his character. Any organization led by
       | someone with questionable ethics poisons the trust and confidence
       | of the entire organization. So good for him!
       | 
       | Those kinds of ethics questions have a real impact on everyone
       | else in the organization trying to do the right thing - as they
       | bear the reputational harm with much less ability to just choose
       | to go elsewhere.
       | 
       | Knowingly, or even just negligently, putting your colleagues and
       | employees in such a situation is a tragedy of leadership.
       | 
       | It's important to recognize that this would be a different story
       | had he been ousted and protested or attempted a cover up. People
       | mess up, but sometimes that means you don't get to be a leader
       | anymore. That's what's happening here and it seems like the right
       | way we should treat these things.
        
         | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | He's no John L. Hennessy that's for sure.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | > This speaks volumes about his character.
         | 
         | I suppose it reveals that he resigned under pressure that
         | forced him to after allegedly writing numerous falsified papers
         | that led to his current credentials.
         | 
         | Not sure that's an ethics gold star or anything. I guess it's
         | better than "they'll take me out of my office in a casket" and
         | digging in, but still shows massive ethical failures and since
         | ethics are usually not compartmentalized means that there's
         | probably other bad news that's not revealed yet.
         | 
         | I think the right way would have not to falsified research. Or
         | to come clean on your own and resign before it's a stink.
         | 
         | As it is now, it's bad for Stanford. And means the hiring
         | committee didn't do sufficient due diligence to even ask people
         | on his field if his work was valid.
        
           | scottlamb wrote:
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > The report concluded that the fudging of results under
           | Tessier-Lavigne's purview "spanned labs at three separate
           | institutions." It identified a culture where Tessier-Lavigne
           | "tended to reward the 'winners' (that is, postdocs who could
           | generate favorable results) and marginalize or diminish the
           | 'losers' (that is, postdocs who were unable or struggled to
           | generate such data)."
           | 
           | > There was no evidence that Tessier-Lavigne himself
           | manipulated data in the papers reviewed, the report
           | concluded, nor that he knew about manipulation at the time,
           | but he "has not been able to provide an adequate explanation"
           | for why he did not correct the scientific record when
           | presented the opportunity on multiple occasions. In his
           | statement, Tessier-Lavigne wrote that he was "gratified that
           | the Panel concluded I did not engage in any fraud or
           | falsification of scientific data."
           | 
           | In other words, he created a culture in which fraud could be
           | expected, and he didn't address it properly when it was
           | brought to his attention. I'm not giving him any gold stars
           | for ethics. But as far as I know, he didn't personally
           | falsify research.
        
             | llbeansandrice wrote:
             | How is creating a culture that incentivized and rewards
             | fraud any better?
             | 
             | I guess you can technically claim plausible deniability but
             | I don't think he gets a pass here at all.
        
               | scottlamb wrote:
               | I don't think it is any better. But let's describe what
               | (we know) he did correctly.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How is creating a culture that incentivized and
               | rewards fraud any better?_
               | 
               | You're asking why accidentally creating ripe conditions
               | for fraud isn't as bad as willfully committing fraud?
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | The word "accidentally" is doing a lot of work here.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Precisely, that of the benefit of doubt.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | So, the doubt "speaks volumes about his character"?
               | (quoting the original comment)
               | 
               | I don't think it speaks of anything at all, in the best
               | case.
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | It shows ability to scale as a leader and be a force
               | multiplier.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Obviously, we wait for the investigation to complete. But I
             | don't know of any valid reason someone would "not be able
             | to provide an adequate explanation" for something so basic.
             | 
             | Occam's razor would make me think that if no one has ever
             | seen the data and it made him famous, it's probably fraud.
        
               | scottlamb wrote:
               | The investigation has already found there was fraud. And
               | from his failure to issue retractions for years after he
               | was told, one can conclude he was at best indifferent to
               | it.
               | 
               | What it hasn't found is evidence he got his own hands
               | dirty or that he explicitly ordered fraud, and I'm not
               | sure it will. raincom's comment [1] was dead on.
               | 
               | I'm unsure if this distinction holds any significance for
               | him personally. One reason I call it out is that it's
               | worth considering how to deter this kind of "leadership"
               | when drafting scientific ethical standards or even laws.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36792536
        
             | raincom wrote:
             | That's the same culture c-level executives inculcate: (a)
             | don't put anything in writing (b) don't explicitly ask to
             | do unethical things (c) use layers of lawyers or of other
             | executives to evade culpability (d) since voice calls can
             | be recorded, hire yes-men from one's own network to use
             | code-language or para-linguistic cues to execute illegal
             | and/or illegal stuff
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | I think it's more valuable to praise good ethical decisions
           | than it is to deride bad ones, and we have more than enough
           | bad ones bombarding us constantly.
           | 
           | >Or to come clean on your own and resign before it's a stink.
           | 
           | I feel like this is what is happening, so we must be thinking
           | on different timelines.
           | 
           | As it is now, it's bad for Stanford. And means the hiring
           | committee didn't do sufficient due diligence to even ask
           | people on his field if his work was valid.
           | 
           | To be clear, there's no net-positive here, it's still net-
           | negative and I agree that everyone is worse overall. The
           | thing I'm pointing to though is that this was the best
           | outcome from an already bad situation and is done in a way
           | that is transparent and is actually addressing harms and
           | preventing further harm by changing the power structures.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | > I think it's more valuable to praise good ethical
             | decisions than it is to deride bad ones,
             | 
             | I agree. But I don't think this is a good ethical decision.
             | It's not a decision at all. He was fired and Stanford PR
             | made a statement for him. I don't think that's
             | praiseworthy.
             | 
             | Or I suppose we could praise him for not murdering people.
             | And lots of other things that are extremely common and I
             | don't think noteworthy.
             | 
             | I think it's also worth reflecting on terrible decisions
             | and people who make them and use mistakes of others to
             | learn.
        
           | elihu wrote:
           | I generally agree, but:
           | 
           | > And means the hiring committee didn't do sufficient due
           | diligence to even ask people on his field if his work was
           | valid.
           | 
           | Detecting fraudulent results isn't always easy. If there was
           | already a public controversy about his papers and they didn't
           | pick up on that, that was a failing. In the worst case, faked
           | results can only be detected by running a study over again
           | and getting a different result -- and even then, it's hard to
           | rule out some difference that wasn't properly controlled for,
           | an honest mistake somewhere, or just bad luck.
           | 
           | The standard of truth in science isn't peer review, it's
           | having results that are consistently reproducible.
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | It's certainly not easy, that's why I said they failed at
             | due diligence. I assume they tried.
             | 
             | This is the president of a $28B endowment and $720M annual
             | revenue. They have the resources to validate candidates
             | like any other massive organization.
             | 
             | This doesn't seem like an honest mistake or bad luck.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Given the rampant nepotism in Stanford admissions, the whole
         | school needs to shut down.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | When you say nepotism, do you mean legacy admissions, or
           | something else?
           | 
           | I know a prominent alum who was able to get her kids into
           | undergrad at Stanford, but not into their professional
           | schools. Considering where they went after being rejected
           | from Stanford, they were not remotely in the ballpark. It's
           | good to know that there are limits to legacy admissions, even
           | for rich/famous alums.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Sounds like she didn't pay someone enough.
        
             | jxramos wrote:
             | I think he's hinting at the John Vandemoer, Lori Loughlin
             | and Rick Singer debacle. Sad bit of history for the
             | university as well.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jherico wrote:
           | I feel like with the skyrocketing costs of education in the
           | US, fixing the problem is probably a better path than "burn
           | it all down"
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jdwithit wrote:
         | > Stanford requires a president "whose leadership is not
         | hampered by such discussions."
         | 
         | You'll notice he doesn't say "I regret my actions and the harm
         | I caused". Just a vague allusion to "such discussions". As if
         | the people discussing _him falsifying research_ are somehow the
         | problem. When someone goes down for a scandal, they rarely
         | express true remorse or take responsibility. It 's always "I'm
         | sorry... that I got caught".
         | 
         | His response speaks to his character, but I'm not sure it says
         | what you think it does.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kevinventullo wrote:
         | You know what would speak even more highly of his character?
         | Not publishing fraudulent research in the first place!
        
           | UberFly wrote:
           | This exactly. Quitting after you've been caught doesn't
           | require much character.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | What? This is just standard resignation PR statement about not
         | wanting to be a distraction for the rest of the organization
         | while not admitting culpability. It's basically a form-letter.
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | If he knows he is at fault he should admit it as well as
         | resign. Conversely, people should not be ousted based on false
         | allegations.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | Yes, this speaks volumes about his character:
         | 
         | > Tessier-Lavigne defended his reputation ... "issues with his
         | research" ... "discussions"
         | 
         | Meaning he believes he did nothing wrong and he's the target of
         | "character assassination" by the Daily but he's being forced
         | out by colleagues who want Harvard to come out of this scandal
         | with half a shred of dignity. This is not him saying "aww, you
         | got me, aight I'm out". This is him continuing to be a
         | narcissistic, shitty human being refusing to admit that he
         | could possibly be in the wrong in any way.
        
         | danso wrote:
         | > _It's important to recognize that this would be a different
         | story had he been ousted and protested or attempted a cover
         | up._
         | 
         | I think it's very early to give a positive judgment for MTL's
         | decision to resign. First of all, the most serious allegation
         | by the Stanford Daily -- that MTL knew of fraud at his
         | Genentech lab and made an effort to cover it up -- is still
         | denied by MTL, Stanford, and Genentech.
         | 
         | Either MTL & Genentech are lying, or the Daily made a mistake
         | in its reporting. As of now, the Daily still stands by its
         | reporting and Theo Baker published a follow-up about how
         | Stanford's investigation may have been fundamentally flawed [0]
         | 
         | But let's assume that the Daily is wrong, MTL's resignation
         | statement omitted any accountability for the lesser but still
         | damning charge: negligent leadership that fostered a research
         | culture optimized (inadvertently or not) for fraud. As the
         | Daily puts it:
         | 
         | > _The report concluded that the fudging of results under
         | Tessier-Lavigne's purview "spanned labs at three separate
         | institutions." It identified a culture where Tessier-Lavigne
         | "tended to reward the 'winners' (that is, postdocs who could
         | generate favorable results) and marginalize or diminish the
         | 'losers'_
         | 
         | In MTL's letter to Stanford [1], he limits his culpability to
         | not being diligent enough in correcting the errors and alleged
         | fraud, all of which were the fault of his subordinates:
         | 
         | > _I agree that in some instances I should have been more
         | diligent when seeking corrections, and I regret that I was not.
         | The Panel's review also identified instances of manipulation of
         | research data by others in my lab. Although I was unaware of
         | these issues, I want to be clear that I take responsibility for
         | the work of my lab members._
         | 
         | > _...These findings have also caused me to further reassess
         | the processes and controls I have in place. While I continually
         | maintain a critical eye on all the science in my lab, I have
         | also always operated my lab on trust - trust in my students and
         | postdocs, and trust that the data they were presenting to me
         | was real and accurate._
         | 
         | I get that there's a limit to how much self-flagellation he can
         | do right now, but he's basically limited his culpability to:
         | "my biggest weakness is that I respect and trust my colleagues
         | and students too much!" In this era of Stanford-associated
         | stories like Theranos and FTX, the prospect and danger of a
         | leader who fosters fraudulent "winners" is something that
         | should be addressed explicitly.
         | 
         | [0] https://stanforddaily.com/2023/07/19/sources-refused-to-
         | part...
         | 
         | [1] https://tessier-lavigne-lab.stanford.edu/news/message-
         | stanfo...
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | > Stanford is greater than any one of us. It needs a president
         | whose leadership is not hampered by such discussions. I
         | therefore concluded that I should step down before the start of
         | classes. This decision is rooted in my respect for the
         | University and its community and my unwavering commitment to
         | doing what I believe is in the best interests of Stanford.
         | https://tessier-lavigne-lab.stanford.edu/news/message-
         | stanfo....
         | 
         | I agree, good for him to humbly resign and not drag the
         | reputation of the bigger institution into questionable
         | territory. The news came as a shock this morning but it's a
         | well written letter he publicly posted.
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | Have to say. Pretty surprised that on HN there is such a strong
       | emotional desire to tear down 'Academia', or even science really.
       | 
       | For several months I've noticed that any story about Academia
       | that hints at a problem, or a misstatement, or something over-
       | stated, anything dealing with science, there is just a mad rush
       | to grab torches and scythes, pikes, etc... "Crucify", these
       | people are all con-men.
       | 
       | But, if it's a tech company, then all good, just lie all you
       | want, that's just salesmanship, 'selling hype' to promote a
       | product.
       | 
       | I fear it is part of the 'post-truth' America where nothing is
       | trusted.
        
       | exac wrote:
       | > The report, at 95 pages in length, contained a number of
       | unflattering details about Tessier-Lavigne's lab, including the
       | conclusion that at least four papers with Tessier-Lavigne as
       | principal author contained significant manipulation of research
       | data
       | 
       | I am surprised that Marc didn't retract a fourth paper, based on:
       | https://stanforddaily.com/2023/07/19/sources-refused-to-part...
        
       | BS_Alarm wrote:
       | Like president, like new hire!
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36501194
       | https://profiles.stanford.edu/azalia-mirhoseini
        
       | drakythe wrote:
       | Additional info available from
       | https://www.statnews.com/2023/07/19/marc-tessier-lavigne-sta...
       | 
       | I'm glad to see someone take some personal responsibility that
       | isn't forced on them (that we know of). I realize that I don't
       | know enough about the circumstances to know if this is "enough",
       | and I am curious about his staying on as faculty, but from purely
       | appearances this is a pleasant surprise given most recent public
       | figure screw-ups have just posted through it.
        
       | btheshoe wrote:
       | On the whole, all these scandals in manipulated research have
       | deeply shaken my trust in many of our scientific institutions.
       | It's clear by now this isn't the case of a few bad apples - our
       | scientific institutions are systemically broken in ways that
       | promote spreading fraudulent results as established scientific
       | truth.
        
         | edgyquant wrote:
         | Yep. After years of pushing back against claims that
         | researchers skewed scientific results to fit their agenda this
         | is a huge, demoralizing blow. Even if it isn't widespread, how
         | can you honestly blame anyone for being skeptical anymore.
        
           | strangattractor wrote:
           | Wide spread? PI's are required to publish. It is impossible
           | to maintain quality of papers via peer review at scale so bad
           | papers usually get through simply because of the volume.
           | Throw in a profit motive and people get creative about hiding
           | it.
           | 
           | See this recently published article
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02299-w.
           | 
           | One would think that clinical trials would be documented and
           | scrutinized out the yin-yang but they are not.
        
         | callalex wrote:
         | It should be noted that the volume of corruption coming out of
         | state-run schools is much smaller than that from private
         | institutions.
        
           | piuantiderp wrote:
           | I'd wager it is just better covered up
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | If you implement a strategy such as publish or perish
         | exceedingly smart people will game the system to win. Any
         | metric gets gamed.
         | 
         | Look at papers that have real impact they get cited. Look at
         | ones that don't ...
        
           | akhayam wrote:
           | And you have some of the smartest brains gaming it too...
           | Such a sad use of good neurons :(
        
             | bugglebeetle wrote:
             | I wouldn't presume that the smartest brains are gaming the
             | system. Most likely, it's mediocre hucksters who have
             | bullied and networked their way into a position of
             | authority. Being good at social engineering != to being the
             | best researcher.
        
               | NeuroCoder wrote:
               | I've seen some situations where smart people did bad
               | research because of deadlines related to work visas.
               | Science doesn't care how smart you are or if you could
               | end up without a home. It will take as many logical
               | iterations over an experiment design before being
               | fruitful.
        
               | patmorgan23 wrote:
               | Being smarter doesn't make you more moral either.
        
               | waterhouse wrote:
               | It may enable you to do sufficiently well without
               | resorting to immoral methods. Interesting how these
               | things can go.
        
               | hobomatic wrote:
               | It may, but it doesn't provide the motivation to bother,
               | especially if you only ever get caught at the end of your
               | career.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | I've seen this more often go in the other direction, but
               | I think it can be either way.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | I would. Lots of "the smartest brains" are mediocre
               | hucksters who have bullied and networked their way into a
               | position of authority. This doesn't mean they aren't "the
               | smartest brains".
               | 
               | IME some of the more effective engineers I've worked with
               | have gravitated towards politics, not "raw technical
               | skill". It's not because they prefer it. They use their
               | "smartness" to win.
               | 
               | The problem is that being good at social engineering >>
               | anything else. Intelligent people often look at the
               | system and say: "What's the point in naively following
               | this when no one successful unless they game the system?"
               | 
               | What's the point of putting one of your great, well
               | considered idea into the fold. It's far more effective
               | the be a mediocre huckster. You don't have to deal with
               | the uncertainty, giving your idea to someone else, etc.
               | Better to work the social game and phone in the rest.
               | 
               | It works better and you don't have to deal with the
               | crushing disappointment that goes with fighting for an
               | idea in a horrifying bureaucracy.
        
           | thelittlenag wrote:
           | And not just that, but rewarding outsized effect sizes so
           | that you reward folks who create the biggest lies with
           | fraudulent stats.
        
           | jeudisjenenee wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | Is that the correct conclusion to draw? I mean there are
         | definitely big problems on how we conduct and fund scientific
         | research (which might also contribute to fraud), but the number
         | of research scandals is a tiny fraction to the amount of
         | research being done.
         | 
         | Considering that we get fraud every time we have humans and
         | prestige money, I would really like to see some statistics
         | against other things human activities. I suspect science still
         | has some of the lowest fraud rates and the strongest mechanisms
         | to detect and deal with it.
        
           | P_I_Staker wrote:
           | The problem is a tiny percentage gets any attention
           | whatsoever. It's the same with police and doctoral abuse.
           | These things are hugely prevalent with 30-80% of
           | professionals engaging in some form of abuse... same with
           | fraud.
           | 
           | People know about police abuse. We don't talk about doctor
           | abuse. I'm honestly not confident that there's any
           | police/doctors that don't engage in abusive practices (or
           | it's a tiny percentage of the population).
        
         | dadrian wrote:
         | The peer review system is not designed to catch fraud, it's
         | designed to catch scientific or experimental errors.
         | 
         | Giving up on science is such a vast overgeneralization. You
         | could take your statement and replace "manipulated research",
         | "scientific institutions" and "established scientific truth"
         | with just about any negative article in any domain. You could
         | just as easily make this statement about startups (Theranos,
         | Juicero), or government, or religion, or suburbs, or cities...
        
           | btheshoe wrote:
           | > The peer review system is not designed to catch fraud, it's
           | designed to catch scientific or experimental errors.
           | 
           | Yes.
           | 
           | > Giving up on science is such a vast overgeneralization. You
           | could take your statement and replace "manipulated research",
           | "scientific institutions" and "established scientific truth"
           | with just about any negative article in any domain. You could
           | just as easily make this statement about startups (Theranos,
           | Juicero), or government, or religion, or suburbs, or
           | cities...
           | 
           | Institutions go through similar cycles of breaking and
           | systemic reform. Not surprised that you can see patterns in
           | other domains.
        
           | strangattractor wrote:
           | It often does neither:( The only real protection from fraud,
           | mistakes and poor science is replication. If results can't be
           | replicated by others it is not science.
        
         | 0xDEF wrote:
         | >our scientific institutions are systemically broken in ways
         | that promote spreading fraudulent results as established
         | scientific truth
         | 
         | Scientific consensus is still very reliable and if 95% of
         | accredited scientists in a field say something is true it is in
         | society's best interest to consider that to be the truth.
        
         | downWidOutaFite wrote:
         | It's the same everywhere not just science. The fake-it-till-
         | you-make-it type-A charismatic bullshitters rise up the ranks
         | in all organizations.
        
           | akhayam wrote:
           | I feel this trend taking root in academia is still a new-ish
           | thing. The boundaries of academia and research, especially
           | for computer science, really started blending 15-20 years ago
           | as Big Tech took over Oil for the best paying job / grant.
           | 
           | The decay has been super fast though. Maybe some academics
           | will find the courage to do a longitudinal study of this
           | decay. Now that'll be an interesting paper to read.
        
             | bugglebeetle wrote:
             | It's most certainly not a new trend, but is perhaps a
             | quintessentially American disease. But one need only look
             | at the so-called "luminaries" in many fields during the
             | mid-20th century to see that this is not in anyway a novel
             | phenomenon. Once you get slightly afield from the hard
             | sciences, it's charlatans all the way down, especially in
             | fields like psychology and economics.
        
         | huijzer wrote:
         | I've come to believe that science is mostly about popularity
         | and not about truth-finding. As long as peers like what you
         | write, then you will get through the reviews and get cited.
         | Feynman called this Cargo Cult Science. I think much of science
         | is like this, see also Why Most Published Scientific Findings
         | are False. Not much has changed since the publication of that
         | paper. A few Open Science checks are not gonna solve the
         | fundamental misalignment of incentives.
        
           | strikelaserclaw wrote:
           | it is impossible for most scientists to understand /
           | critically think about all the research coming out from so
           | many institutions, so most of these academics mainly focus on
           | research coming from someone they respect / institutions they
           | respect, so yes it is kind of like a popularity contest but i
           | would argue that most things in life are due to the limited
           | nature of the human brain we cannot think independently about
           | everything for ourselves and rely on external judgements to
           | what is important / true etc...
        
             | rustymonday wrote:
             | It is absolutely a popularity contest. The biggest problem
             | is that many academics are reluctant to deviate too far
             | from current consensus in fear of damaging their
             | reputation.
             | 
             | The result is that research in many fields tends to
             | stagnate and reinforce old ideas, regardless of whether
             | they are right or wrong.
        
           | arvinsim wrote:
           | "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when
           | his salary depends on his not understanding it." -- Upton
           | Sinclair
        
           | asynchronous wrote:
           | Wholeheartedly agree, really a shame to see what it's become.
           | Wish I could still see research the way I dreamed it was as a
           | child.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | You mean we can't just Trust the Science(tm)?!
         | 
         | I completely agree. Seeing slack chats and emails regarding
         | Proximal Origin and how researchers were disagreeing with it
         | all the way until they published a paper that served what
         | purpose are really disheartening. Instead of guiding future
         | research toward preventing similar outcomes, countless
         | scientists spent untold years of combined effort on a theory
         | the authors didn't even believe.
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | A vast amount of "science" is being done at all times. You can
         | likely count the scandals cognitively available to you on one
         | hand; even if it took dozens of hands, you'd still be talking
         | about an infinitesimal sliver of science on the whole. What's
         | actually happening here is an availability bias: you remember
         | scandals, because they're scandalous and thus memorable. You
         | don't know anything about the overwhelming majority of
         | scientific work that is being done, so you have no way of
         | weighting it against the impression those scandals create in
         | your mind.
        
           | carpet_wheel wrote:
           | No one is shocked by the concept of misconduct occurring, the
           | issue here is that it is no longer surprising when those
           | committing the misconduct end up running the organization.
           | You can pretend that the conversation is about whether
           | scientific misconduct is endemic, but that conversation being
           | had is about the failure of these hierarchies to actually
           | succeed in promoting the best from among their ranks.
           | 
           | Of course misconduct is unavoidable, that doesn't mean you
           | should become president. The politics aren't working.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Are you commenting on the wrong subthread? I do that all
             | the time. This subthread is about whether the foundations
             | of science itself are stable.
        
               | carpet_wheel wrote:
               | You just did it again, trying to steer the conversation
               | to something that not at the heart of the discussion.
               | This is the parent:
               | 
               |  _It 's clear by now this isn't the case of a few bad
               | apples - our scientific institutions are systemically
               | broken in ways that promote spreading fraudulent results
               | as established scientific truth_
               | 
               | This is a concern about the corrupted institutions, with
               | the downstream concern that science itself may be under
               | threat. The primary concern is the systemically broken
               | institutions who promote the fraudulent to the top of
               | their hierarchies. Not sure why you insist on straw
               | manning this thing, but clearly you have some person
               | reason for doing so, and I wish you luck in that
               | endeavor.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | We disagree about what the implications of a single
               | university president surrendering their post are to the
               | whole of science. You're asked not to write comments
               | imputing personal motives:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
               | 
               | If you want to argue this further, you should probably
               | snipe the swipes off the end of your comment.
        
               | carpet_wheel wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | kansface wrote:
           | Via HN yesterday [1]- an editor of _Anaesthesia_ did a meta
           | study of the papers he handled that conducted RCTs. He had
           | data from 150 of them and concluded:
           | 
           | > ...26% of the papers had problems that were so widespread
           | that the trial was impossible to trust, he judged -- either
           | because the authors were incompetent, or because they had
           | faked the data.
           | 
           | This is not a one off.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02299-w
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | I didn't say it was a one-off. But 150 papers is, to a
             | first approximation, a one-off of all the science done in a
             | given year. We produce _millions_ of journal articles every
             | year.
        
               | esyir wrote:
               | There's something to be said about a defense of this that
               | doesn't account for random sampling.
               | 
               | Assuming that they did a proper sample of said papers,
               | that implies that for whatever domain they sampled, 26%
               | is likely a decent estimate of actual issues. Increasing
               | the scale doesn't make a proportional estimate any
               | better.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | Maybe we shouldn't. What's the point of all of that data
               | if a good portion of it can't be trusted?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Here we're talking about a proportion significantly less
               | than 1%.
        
         | chasing wrote:
         | "A database of retractions shows that only four in every 10,000
         | papers are retracted."
         | 
         | Every time a plane crashes it's international news. But just
         | because you regularly hear about plane crashes doesn't mean
         | flying is unsafe.
        
           | btheshoe wrote:
           | do me a favor and look up all the papers in thinking fast and
           | slow that failed to replicate
        
         | blackbear_ wrote:
         | I would like to point out that "scientific truth" does not
         | really exist, or at least is far from straightforward to define
         | and establish. Basically, you should see each piece of research
         | as evidence for a certain hypothesis, and the more evidence is
         | available, the more that hypothesis is believable.
         | 
         | But the larger issue here is that all public institutions are,
         | by that definition, broken. For example, businesses also won't
         | hesitate to spread falsehoods to sell their stuff, governments
         | will try to convince their people that they are needed through
         | propaganda and policing, and so on.
         | 
         | How do we solve these problems? We have laws to regulate what
         | businesses can't do (nevermind lobbying), and we split
         | governments' responsibility so that no single branch becomes
         | too powerful. In general, we have several independent
         | institutions that keep an eye on each other.
         | 
         | In case of science, we trust other scientists to replicate and
         | confirm previous findings. It is a self-correcting mechanism,
         | whereby sloppy or fraudulent research is eventually singled-
         | out, as it happened in this and many other cases.
         | 
         | So I guess the gist of what I want to say is that you're right
         | in not trusting a piece of research just because it was made by
         | a reputable institute, but look for solid results that were
         | replicated by independent researchers (and the gold standard
         | here is replication, not peer review)
        
           | sonicshadow wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | _> businesses also won 't hesitate to spread falsehoods to
           | sell their stuff_
           | 
           | They do hesitate. It's quite hard to catch businesses openly
           | lying about their own products because, as you observe, there
           | are so many systems and institutions out there trying to get
           | them. Regulators but also lawyers (class action + ambulance-
           | chasers), politicians, journalists, activists, consumer
           | research people. Also you can criticize companies all day and
           | not get banned from social media.
           | 
           | A good example of what happens when someone forgets this is
           | Elizabeth Holmes. Exposed by a journalist, prosecuted,
           | jailed.
           | 
           | Public institutions are quite well insulated in comparison.
           | Journalists virtually never investigate them, preferring to
           | take their word as gospel. There are few crimes on the book
           | that can jail them regardless of what they say or do, they
           | are often allowed to investigate themselves, criticism is
           | often branded misinformation and then banned, and _many_
           | people automatically discard any accusation of malfeasance on
           | the assumption that as the institutions claim to be non-
           | profit, corruption is nearly impossible.
           | 
           |  _> It is a self-correcting mechanism, whereby sloppy or
           | fraudulent research is eventually singled-out, as it happened
           | in this and many other cases._
           | 
           | It's not self correcting sadly, far from it. If it were self-
           | correcting then the Stanford President's fraud would have
           | been exposed by other scientists years ago, it wouldn't be so
           | easy to find examples of it and we wouldn't see editors of
           | famous journals estimate that half or more of their research
           | is bad. In practice cases where there are consequences are
           | the exception rather than the norm, it's usually found by
           | highly patient outsiders and it almost always takes years of
           | effort by them to get anywhere. Even then the default
           | expected outcome is nothing. Bear in mind that there had been
           | many attempts to flag fraud at the MTL labs before and he had
           | simply ignored them without consequence.
        
             | nopeNopeNooope wrote:
             | [dead]
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | A combination of "publish or perish" and papers not accepting
         | "negative results" (which results in a ton of repeated
         | research) has led to this.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | Alternatively there is a baseline of fraudulent behavior in any
         | human organization of 1-5% and since there are tens of
         | thousands of high-profile researchers this sort of thing is
         | inevitable. The question you should be asking is whether the
         | field is able to correct and address its mistakes. Ironically
         | cases like this one are the _success stories_ : we don't have
         | enough data to know how many cases we're missing.
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | The very fact that the fraud is discovered, that reporters
           | amplify it, and that it can bring down the president of the
           | university, is evidence to me that the system still works.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Maybe? I'd want to see a clear model of flows and selection
             | biases before I concluded that.
             | 
             | Another way to look at it: perhaps Tessier-Lavigne only got
             | this scrutiny _because_ he was president of the university.
             | And the fact that they didn 't guarantee anonymity when
             | "not guaranteeing anonymity in an investigation of this
             | importance is an 'extremely unusual move'" might be a sign
             | that the scrutiny was politically diminished.
             | 
             | So it could be that most of the equally dubious researchers
             | don't get caught because not enough attention is paid to
             | patterns like this except when it's somebody especially
             | prominent. Or it could be that this one was not as well
             | covered up, perhaps because of the sheer number of issues.
             | Or that the cross-institution issues made Stanford more
             | willing to note the wrongdoing. Or that Stanford is less
             | likely to sweep things under the rug because of its
             | prominence. Or just that there was some ongoing tension
             | between the trustees and the president and that this was an
             | opportunity to win a political fight.
        
               | nequo wrote:
               | These are good points and hard to know. But the
               | Retraction Watch is tracking stories of both mistakes and
               | fraud in published research, across universities:
               | 
               | https://retractionwatch.com/
        
             | quickcheque wrote:
             | Sure, any system with a false negative and false positive
             | rate 'works'.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | A tenacious undergrad doing journalism as a hobby is not a
             | system.
        
               | panarky wrote:
               | The fate of the world lies in the hands of the young and
               | inexperienced.
               | 
               | Grad students, Supreme Court clerks, 19-year-old
               | soldiers.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | I don't think the baseline is the same. The more competition,
           | the more temptation to cheat. When the margins to win are
           | small enough, cheaters are disproportionately rewarded.
           | 
           | Think of Tour de France. Famously doping-riddled. There are a
           | lot of clean cyclists, but they are much less likely to be
           | able to compete in the tour.
           | 
           | You can fight cheating with policing: doping controls, etc.
           | But as the competition gets more extreme, the more resources
           | you need to spend on policing. There's a breaking point,
           | where what you need to spend on policing exceeds what you get
           | from competition.
           | 
           | This is why almost no municipalities have a free-for-all
           | policy for taxis. There are too many people technically able
           | to drive people for money. All that competition drives prices
           | lower, sure, but asymptotically. You get less and less lower
           | prices the more competition you pile on - but the incentives
           | for taxi drivers to cheat (by evading taxes, doing money
           | laundering as a side gig etc.) keep growing. London did an
           | interesting thing - with their gruelling geography knowledge
           | exam, they tried to use all that competitive energy to buy
           | something other than marginally lower prices. Still incentive
           | to cheat, of course, but catching cheaters on an exam is
           | probably cheaper and easier than catching cheaters in the
           | economy.
           | 
           | (Municipalities that auction taxi permits get to keep most of
           | the bad incentives, without the advantage of competition on
           | price.)
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | The problem is that we don't know what the baseline really
           | is. We know that between a third and a half of results from
           | peer reviewed papers in many domains cannot be replicated.
           | Looking closer, we see what look like irregularities in some
           | of them, but it's harder to say which of them are fraud,
           | which are honest mistakes, and which of them just can't be
           | replicated due to some other factors. But because so many of
           | these studies just don't pay off for one reason or another, I
           | would agree that it is getting really hard to rely on a
           | process which is, if nothing else, supposed to result in
           | reliable and trustworthy information.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | Where is that number of 1/3-1/2 coming from? And which
             | fields? I find that very hard to believe (at least if we
             | exclude the obvious fraudulent journals, where no actual
             | research gets published)
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | I think he's referencing the replication crisis that was
               | a big deal a few years ago. Psychology was hit
               | hard(unsurprising), but a few other fields in the biology
               | area were also hit.
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | It's worst in Psychology and the Social Sciences, but
               | it's not limited to them. Per Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > A 2016 survey by Nature on 1,576 researchers who took a
               | brief online questionnaire on reproducibility found that
               | more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to
               | reproduce another scientist's experiment results
               | (including 87% of chemists, 77% of biologists, 69% of
               | physicists and engineers, 67% of medical researchers, 64%
               | of earth and environmental scientists, and 62% of all
               | others), and more than half have failed to reproduce
               | their own experiments. But fewer than 20% had been
               | contacted by another researcher unable to reproduce their
               | work. The survey found that fewer than 31% of researchers
               | believe that failure to reproduce results means that the
               | original result is probably wrong, although 52% agree
               | that a significant replication crisis exists. Most
               | researchers said they still trust the published
               | literature
               | 
               | Not sure if the results of that online study have (or
               | can) themselves be reproduced, however. It's turtles all
               | the way down.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | Skimmed the wiki on the replication crisis, and people
               | have actually tried to systemically replicate popular
               | studies and found similar results. You could say there
               | has been a successful replication of failure to
               | replicate.
        
           | hayd wrote:
           | It's only a story because he's president, if he were only a
           | researcher/professor this would not even be a story. This is
           | NOT a success story, it shows that this fraudulent behavior
           | is endemic and an effective strategy for climbing the
           | academic ladder.
           | 
           | A success story would be this is exposed at large... we work
           | out some kind of effective peer-reproduced tests... and the
           | hundreds/thousands of cheating professors are fired.
        
             | moab wrote:
             | So just because one person is cheating, it means all
             | academics are cheating?
             | 
             | FWIW, most top-ranked CS conferences have an artifact
             | evaluation track, and it doesn't look good if you submit an
             | experimental paper and don't go through the artifact
             | evaluation process. Things are certainly changing in CS, at
             | least on the experimental side.
             | 
             | It's also possible that theorems are incorrect, but
             | subsequent work that figures this out will comment on it
             | and fix it.
             | 
             | The scientific record is self-correcting, and fraud /
             | bullshit does get caught out.
        
               | hayd wrote:
               | It's not just "one person", there is wide-spread fraud
               | across many disciplines of academia. The situation, of
               | course, is vastly different across subjects/disciplines,
               | e.g. math and CS are not really much affected and I would
               | agree they're self-correcting.
               | 
               | I might agree they're self-correcting in the (very) long-
               | term, but we're seeing fictitious results fund entire
               | careers. We don't know the damage that having 20+ years
               | of incorrect results being built upon will have... And
               | that's not to speak of those who were overlooked, and
               | left academia, because their opportunities were taken by
               | these cheaters (who knows what cost that has for
               | society).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Endemic means "regularly occurring". How many examples of
             | this kind of misconduct are you aware of? Ok, now, what's
             | the denominator? How much research is actually conducted?
             | I'm personally familiar with 3 fields (CS, bio, and
             | geology) and what I've learned is that the number of labs
             | --- let alone projects --- is mind-boggling. If your
             | examples constitute 1% of all research conducted --- which
             | would represent _a cosmic-scale fuckload_ of research
             | projects --- how much should I care about it?
        
               | bhk wrote:
               | BMJ: Time to assume fraud?
               | https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-
               | hea...
               | 
               | Study claims 1 in 4 cancer research papers contains faked
               | data https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/06/study-
               | claims-1-in-4-...
        
               | zzzeek wrote:
               | devil's advocate - '1 in 4 studies are fake, says
               | "study"'
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | So let's talk about misleading headlines and citations in
               | journal articles. I would argue that arstechnica is one
               | of the better news sources. Despite that, if we go to the
               | article there is a link to that there has been "a real
               | uptick in misconduct". Now if we click through that link,
               | it does claim that there has been an increase in fraud as
               | a lead in (this time without a link) but the article is
               | about something completely different (i.e. that almost
               | half the retracted papers are retracted due to fraud).
               | 
               | As an aside, the article cites that there have been a
               | total of 2000 retracted papers in the NIH database.
               | Considering that there are 9 Million papers in the
               | database overall, that is a tiny percentage.
        
               | bhk wrote:
               | > ... if we click through ...
               | 
               | So you deflect from the entire content of the article
               | with that distraction? And then an additional
               | misdirection regarding retraction? Why?
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | > > ... if we click through ...
               | 
               | > So you deflect from the entire content of the article
               | with that distraction? And then an additional
               | misdirection regarding retraction? Why?
               | 
               | What do you mean? I take issue with the headlines and
               | reporting. And I believe if one claims lack of evidence,
               | sloppy evidence or fraudulent evidence one should be
               | pretty diligent about ones one evidence.
               | 
               | Regarding the claims in the article. If you look at the 1
               | in 4 article you find that the reality is actually much
               | more nuanced, which is exactly my point. The reporting
               | does not necessarily reflect the reality.
               | 
               | If you call that deflection...
        
               | bhk wrote:
               | The ArsTechnica article was about a paper by Morten
               | Oksvold that claimed that 25% of cancer biology papers
               | contain duplicated data.
               | 
               | One nuance is that his approach only focused on one
               | easily identifiable form of fraud: Western blot images
               | that can be shown to be fraudulent because they were
               | copies of images use in different papers. Of all the
               | potential opportunities for fraud, one must think that
               | this must represent just a small portion.
               | 
               | If there are other nuances you care to mention, I'm all
               | ears.
               | 
               | Instead, you refer to an entirely different article, as
               | if the article I cited has no relevant content, which
               | misleads casual readers of this comment stream. To
               | paraphrase your comment in a less misleading way: "Inside
               | this article you can find a link to an entirely different
               | article whose content does not support the headline of
               | the original article."
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Well, one thing you might want to do before doubling down
               | on the Oksvold study is work out the percentage of those
               | papers that were likely to have misused western blot
               | images (it's the bulk of the paper, impossible to miss),
               | and then read the part of the Ars article (again: the
               | bulk of the article) that discusses reasons why different
               | experiments might have identical western blot images (one
               | obvious one being that multiple experiments might get run
               | in the same assay).
               | 
               | Instead, you're repeatedly citing this 25% number as if
               | it was something the paper established. Even the author
               | of the paper disagrees with you.
        
               | bhk wrote:
               | Double down? Repeatedly? I posted a link to an article
               | with its headline, and only later, when rebutting a
               | comment that implied the article was about something
               | "completely different", I mention that the article is
               | about the Oskvold study and its finding of _duplication_
               | in 25% of papers. The paper did in fact establish that
               | number (unless you want to quibble about 24% vs. 25%).
               | 
               | Yes, the ArsTechnica headline is poorly written, and
               | _not_ supported by the content of the article, because
               | not all instances of duplication are fraud, but we can
               | clarify that issue by quoting the article itself:  "...
               | the fact that it's closer to one in eight should still be
               | troubling."
        
           | jlawson wrote:
           | Any human organization?
           | 
           | I don't expect 1-5% fraud in airline pilots, bank tellers,
           | grocery store clerks, judges, structural engineers,
           | restaurant chefs, or even cops (they can be assholes but you
           | don't have to bribe them in functional countries).
           | 
           | I think academics can do better than 1-5% fraudulent.
        
             | P_I_Staker wrote:
             | I expect far higher levels of fraud in these professions.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | What? In all of the ones you mentioned there is a known
             | significant amount of fraudulent behaviour.
             | 
             | Store clerks, theft is about 1-2% of sales typically. It
             | has been said for years that the majority of that theft is
             | from employees. Airline pilots have been known to drink
             | during their flights (or go away from there seat for other
             | reasons that are not in the rules).
             | 
             | Cops, I mean don't get me started, just the protection of a
             | cop who has done something wrong by the other cops would
             | count as fraudulent, but I don't see many cops going after
             | their own black sheep.
             | 
             | Judges, in Germany deals (i.e. the accused pleads guilty to
             | lesser charges so the bigger ones get dropped) are only
             | legal under very limited circumstances (almost never and
             | need to be properly documented). Nevertheless, in studies
             | >80% of lawyers reported that they had encountered these
             | deals).
             | 
             | I think you seriously underestimate the amount of
             | fraudulent behaviour.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | Also coming back to judges. The behaviour by Thomas and
               | Alito regarding presents etc. Would count as serious
               | scientific misconduct in academia. So there's a
               | significant percentage just there already.
        
           | whydoyoucare wrote:
           | If a field takes two decades to "correct" its mistakes, then
           | there are several things wrong with it. And if we have top
           | positions held by unethical people, who have got away with
           | it, and possibly climbed to the top because of it, then I do
           | not know what to feel or say about this.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | It's taken String Theory a few decades to correct itself.
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | No. This level of scrutiny and diligence is rare, and was
           | selectively applied based on the targets profile. The "field"
           | did nothing about this over 20 years. A computer science
           | freshman did this as a hobby, not as a participant in
           | neuroscience.
           | 
           | Perhaps "nothing" is too harsh. Various people in the field
           | raised concerns on several occasions. But the journals did
           | nothing. The "field" still honoured him. And _Stanford_ did
           | nothing (except enable him and pay him well) until public
           | embarrassment revealed the ugliness.
        
             | dmvdoug wrote:
             | This is the important and troubling point. Everyone
             | trumpets science as a model of a rational, self-correcting
             | social enterprise. But we see time and time again that it
             | takes non-scientists to blow the whistle and call foul and
             | gin up enough outside attention before something gets done
             | to make the correction. That puts the lie to the notion of
             | self-correction.
        
               | moab wrote:
               | This is an issue at the department politics level. For
               | the scientific field, once someone starts retracting
               | papers (and arguably, even before this), everybody knows
               | that you should take person X's papers with a huge grain
               | of salt.
               | 
               | E.g., in math / theory, if someone has a history of
               | making big blunders that invalidate their results, you
               | will be very hesitant to accept results from a new paper
               | they put on arXiv until your community has vetted the
               | result.
               | 
               | So yes, I do trumpet science as a model of a rational,
               | self-correcting social enterprise, at least in CS.
               | 
               | Other sciences like biology and psychology have some way
               | to go.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | > you will be very hesitant to accept results from a new
               | paper they put on arXiv until your community has vetted
               | the result.
               | 
               | Forgive my ignorance but I thought that was SOP for all
               | papers. Is it not?
        
               | moab wrote:
               | Well not really, right? Let's suppose some well known,
               | well respected author that has a history of correct
               | results puts up a new paper. I (and I think most people)
               | will assume that the result is correct. We start to apply
               | more doubt once the claimed result is a solution to a
               | longstanding open problem, or importantly, if the
               | researcher has a spotty track record for correctness (in
               | math/TCS) or falsifying results (in experimental fields).
               | 
               | But really we shouldn't be talking about math errors and
               | falsification in the same category.
        
               | VHRanger wrote:
               | The thing is that replication is inherently easy in CS.
               | Especially now that people are expected to post code
               | online.
               | 
               | Forcing authors to share raw data and code in all papers
               | would already be a start. I don't know why top impact
               | factor papers don't do this already.
        
               | moab wrote:
               | I completely agree. It's a pity that this isn't becoming
               | standard in fields affected by the replication crisis. I
               | would be happy to be corrected if someone has heard /
               | experienced otherwise.
        
         | Apofis wrote:
         | I truly hope they toss every single paper and citations to them
         | that ever crossed this assholes desk. This misconduct literally
         | should be treated the same as a dirty detectives cases being
         | reviewed and tossed out since they are no longer trustworthy.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | I hope you are forced to live in an authoritarian situation:
           | so you may truly learn what it is like to be punished for the
           | mistakes of others.
           | 
           | The point here is to save the good apples - not throw out the
           | whole barrel for zero gain.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | Scientific institutions aren't perfect. They're made up of
         | people like anywhere else. And where there are people there
         | will be politics and gamesmanship. That doesn't mean science
         | isn't our best shot at figuring out how the world works.
         | 
         | The fact that a Stanford president can be pushed out for bad
         | research conducted before he was even there? It tells me
         | there's still some integrity left.
        
         | partomniscient wrote:
         | One has to ask what there is left to trust at all?
        
         | stillbourne wrote:
         | But they got caught, they retracted, the system works. It's not
         | a perfect system, in a perfect system people wouldn't be
         | incentivized to publish publish publish or be damned to the
         | back waters. The institution is broken, but the safety nets
         | work.
        
         | Veserv wrote:
         | As a aside, the phrase "a few bad apples" is actually
         | originally "a few bad apples spoil the barrel" referencing the
         | fact that a bad/overripe apple causes nearby apples to quickly
         | ripen and go bad which is now known to be due to ripe apples
         | producing ethylene gas which accelerates the ripening of other
         | nearby apples. The phrase originally meant that one bad thing
         | corrupts and destroys all associated. The discovery of a bad
         | apple actually means everything is already irrevocably
         | destroyed and thus reason for not tolerating even a single bad
         | apple.
         | 
         | A modern metaphor with a somewhat similar meaning to the
         | original is: "A fish rots from the head down." Pointing out
         | that organizational failures are usually the result of bad
         | leadership. A rotten leadership will quickly result in a rotten
         | organization. Therefore, it is important to make sure the
         | leadership is not rotten in a organization. It also points out
         | that low-level failures indicate there are deeper high-level
         | failures. If the line-level is screwed up, the leadership is
         | almost certainly just as screwed up. The fix being replacing
         | the rotten leadership with a new one as lower-level fixes will
         | not fix the rotten head.
         | 
         | Another, more direct equivalent metaphor is a Chinese saying
         | translated as: "One piece of rat poop spoils the pot of soup."
         | That is hopefully self-explanatory. We should probably use it
         | instead of "a few bad apples" as nobody will reverse the
         | meaning of that one.
        
           | stubybubs wrote:
           | I think there's a transition phase between the two that
           | people miss out on. I recall hearing "let's not let a few bad
           | apples spoil the bunch" which is an acknowledgement of the
           | original phrase, reworked to implore listeners not to throw
           | it all away. You could say "let's not throw the baby out with
           | the bathwater" but I guess some people are apple enthusiasts?
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | I don't think the phrase has changed meaning?
           | 
           | > The phrase originally meant that one bad thing corrupts and
           | destroys all associated.
           | 
           | It's saying if you don't remove the bad apple, you will get a
           | lot of bad apples _in the future_. The presence of a bad
           | apple doesn 't imply all of them are already spoiled right
           | now. If you're seeing other apples that still haven't
           | spoiled, it suggests you still have time to do damage
           | control. That seems consistent with how the metaphor is used
           | nowadays.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | As an aside to your aside, it's also the case that
           | phrases/words change meaning over time, as usage in one grows
           | above the usage in a different way.
           | 
           | In this case, the "a few bad apples are not representative of
           | a group" meaning have grown above the "One bad apple spoils
           | the barrel" meaning, and so the phrase as changed, for better
           | or worse.
           | 
           | Maybe it would be best if everyone used the long version
           | instead of the short one. When you say/write "A few bad
           | apples", the meaning is ambiguous, but if you use the long
           | version, it's not. Problem solved :)
        
             | CrzyLngPwd wrote:
             | > the "a few bad apples are not representative of a group"
             | 
             | I have never heard that phrase, it has always been that the
             | few spoils the whole.
             | 
             | I have heard people say "the proof is in the pudding",
             | which means nothing at all, when the real phrase is "The
             | proof of the pudding is in the tasting".
             | 
             | I'm from England and I speak English, so maybe it hasn't
             | translated well to Americlish.
        
               | AmpsterMan wrote:
               | I think the larger "issue" is that the phrase
               | colloquially means the exact opposite of the original
               | observation, that a bad apple MEANS the bunch is spoiled.
               | It's worse because this changing of the meaning is
               | perpetuated by those same bad apples themselves.
               | 
               | "the proof is in the pudding" is a much more benign
               | change. It's literally just a shortening, but no meaning
               | is lost... if you want the proof, you'll find it in the
               | pudding (implying you should try the pudding to verify
               | your assumptions)
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | "Literally" is another word where the meaning changed
               | from being the literal opposite of what it was "meant" to
               | originally mean, not sure one is "worse" than the other.
               | It's just change, which will continue to happen.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | I would argue that the meaning has never changed. There
               | is just an additional slang variation used by a subset of
               | English speakers. Much like "wicked" was once slang for
               | "good" and how Londers don't literally ring people using
               | the bones of dogs ("dog an bone" Cockney rhyming slang,
               | in case the reference doesn't translate).
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | > the original observation, that a bad apple MEANS the
               | bunch is spoiled
               | 
               | Too few people have enough apple trees in their lives to
               | preserve the meaning.
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | > I have heard people say "the proof is in the pudding",
               | which means nothing at all, when the real phrase is "The
               | proof of the pudding is in the tasting".
               | 
               | To be fair, the "real" phrase you give here doesn't make
               | much more sense to me. Even assuming the use of the term
               | "pudding" across the pond to be more than just a fairly
               | niche dessert like it is in America, what does it mean
               | for pudding to have "proof"? Is is some sort of
               | philosophical thing where you don't accept that the
               | pudding exists unless you taste it (which I feel isn't
               | super convincing, since if we're going to have a
               | discussion, we kind of have to accept that each other
               | exists without having similar first-hand "proof", so we
               | might as well accept that pudding exists as well)? I know
               | there's a concept of something called "proofing" in
               | baking, but I'm pretty sure that happens long before
               | people taste the final product.
               | 
               | In general, I don't find most cliches to be particularly
               | profound. "It is what it is" is just a weird way to state
               | an obvious tautology, but somehow it's supposed to
               | convince me that I should just passively accept whatever
               | bad thing is happening? "You can't teach an old dog new
               | tricks" isn't universally true, but it apparently also is
               | supposed to be a convincing argument in favor of
               | inaction. "You can't have your cake and eat it too" is
               | probably the most annoying to me, because the only way
               | anyone ever wants to "have" cake is by eating it; no one
               | actually struggles to decide between eating their cake or
               | keeping it around as a decoration or whatever.
               | 
               | There's something about stating something vaguely or
               | ambiguously that seems to make it resonate with people as
               | profound, and I've never been able to understand it. In
               | my experience, thought-terminating cliches are by far the
               | most common kind.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | It's "proof" as in to test. Like "proof reading". The
               | point being, the real test of how good something is, is
               | to use it (for its intended purpose).
               | 
               | A vaguely similar sentiment to when people say "eating
               | your own dog food" (or words to that effect) to mean
               | testing something by using it themselves. Albeit the
               | pudding proverb doesn't necessitate the prover to be
               | one's self like "dog fooding" does.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | "It's just a few bad apples" is a common response to
               | police misconduct here in the States, with the attitude
               | of "why are you making such a big deal out of this?"
               | 
               | The original saying, of course, is all about why you
               | _have_ to make a big deal out of this, for reasons that
               | apply to both apples and cops.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > In this case, the "a few bad apples are not
             | representative of a group" meaning have grown above the
             | "One bad apple spoils the barrel" meaning
             | 
             | Most of the time when I hear the "only a few bad apples,
             | the rest of us are fine" meaning it's coming right from the
             | mouths of badly spoiled apples twisting the meaning of
             | those words and popularizing that usage to suit their
             | agendas.
             | 
             | Generally, I think that there's nothing wrong with pushing
             | back against words and phrases used incorrectly. We get to
             | decide how words are used, and a large part of that
             | decision making process involves social pressure and
             | education. I think it's particularly useful to defend the
             | meaning of words and phrases when they're being deceptively
             | misused and promoted.
        
             | jallen_dot_dev wrote:
             | This is just an excuse for ignorance and the annoying habit
             | people have of repeating something they heard but don't
             | understand.
             | 
             | I think it's right to correct it because when people misuse
             | this phrase, it isn't gaining a new meaning--it's making it
             | meaningless. Why apples? The comparison to apples adds no
             | information or nuance.
             | 
             | Like when there's a story about police corruption, and
             | someone says "they're just a few bad apples, not all cops
             | are bad." Again, why compare them to apples? Why not just
             | say a few bad cops?
             | 
             | This isn't words/phrases changing meaning, it's losing
             | meaning.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | > This isn't words/phrases changing meaning, it's losing
               | meaning.
               | 
               | It is literally not, it still means _something_ , just
               | not the same as it originally meant. This happens all the
               | time, with "literally" being one of the best examples of
               | something that literally means the opposite of what it
               | used to mean.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | The problem with this is that it creates ambiguity in
               | communication. Both the old meaning and the new one will
               | circulate together, especially among different
               | demographics, and cause potentially severe
               | misunderstandings.
        
         | Der_Einzige wrote:
         | Even, and especially fields that should be reproducable, like
         | Machine Learning, are FULL of garbage:
         | 
         | https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/11/12/1011944/artifici...
         | 
         | https://reproducible.cs.princeton.edu/
         | 
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...359..725H/abstra...
        
         | wesleywt wrote:
         | The problem is not with science, it is your science illiteracy.
         | You never accept scientific research as "true" until it has
         | been verify and repeated by independent sources. It has become
         | the culture to glorify unexpected and "interesting" results in
         | the media and society at large. But you should find these
         | "interesting" but not necessary believe it to be true.
         | 
         | We do get unbelievable findings such as CRISPR, but beware
         | these will be very few and far between.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | But it was caught, demonstrating that what we're constantly
         | assured is true is actually true: science may not be perfect,
         | but it catches all of its mistakes, therefore we should trust
         | it above all(!) other disciplines.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Especially that the folks that are committing the fraud are
         | raising to high places. It goes to show that we have systemic
         | problems. This isn't a failure of a few individuals but a
         | failure of our institutions. Clearly our incentive structure is
         | messed up if people like this are in positions like this.
         | Clearly we need to not only address this individuals actions,
         | but the systemic issues that led to his ability to do what he
         | did and still rise to the position he did.
        
         | throwaway4837 wrote:
         | How? Peer-review, re-review, journalism, and reproduction of
         | results are the systems the scientific community is built upon.
         | The system does its job of finding the bad apples, as it did
         | here.
         | 
         | Bad things are gonna happen in every single institution ever
         | created. A better measure is how long those things persist.
         | 
         | Science is about getting closer to "the truth". Sometimes
         | science goes further away from the truth, sometimes it gets
         | closer. Sometimes bad actors get us further away from the
         | truth. It gets reconciled eventually.
        
         | lynx23 wrote:
         | Agreed. The system is flawed. And as a result, many scientific
         | "findings" simply can't be trusted. And there is no solution in
         | sight.
        
         | NeuroCoder wrote:
         | I can't speak for other fields but in Neuro there's plenty of
         | this but often one learns how to catch it before using it in
         | your own research, even if it never becomes a matter of public
         | scrutiny. Unfortunately, I can't reassure you that bad research
         | gets caught all the time. However, there's usually at least a
         | couple of experts in a given sub field of Neuro that quickly
         | call BS before something goes too far.
        
           | rgmerk wrote:
           | This is an excellent point. A lot of crappy research goes on,
           | and nobody pays it any attention (except, occasionally, when
           | cranks outside the field want to prove that "peer-reviewed
           | research proves the Earth is flat).
           | 
           | It's frankly not worth the effort to debunk a shitty piece of
           | researchin a low-profile journal that's never been cited in a
           | decade.
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | > in Neuro there's plenty of this but often one learns how to
           | catch it before using it in your own research, even if it
           | never becomes a matter of public scrutiny.
           | 
           | And what happens when it is caught, it is just quietly
           | ignored by the field, right? How often are there retractions?
        
             | NeuroCoder wrote:
             | Depends on the situation. If no one cites it then it drifts
             | into obscurity quickly. If it was actually cited frequently
             | it leads to an investigation of work by all authors on the
             | paper along with a retraction.
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | To the contrary, it increases my trust.
         | 
         | Just the fact that Stanford managed to conduct an independent
         | investigation against its OWN PRESIDENT, tells very positive
         | things about the University.
         | 
         | After this episode, I might trust Stanford research even a bit
         | more than any University that never caught fraudsters.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | It strengthens mine. Science is self correcting in a way the
         | religion and politics never can be, they keep making the same
         | faith based mistakes over and over, while science continues to
         | progress. Evidence of that is everywhere you look, whereas
         | politics and religion have barely made any progress in hundreds
         | of years.
        
         | kansface wrote:
         | The article from Nature yesterday came up with 26% of the peer
         | reviewed published papers they examined (all RCT) were
         | untrustworthy based on close examination of their data. They
         | could only invalidate 2% without data.
         | 
         | I personally believe this is an underestimate.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | The issue with academia is much broader and larger than people
       | know of, but I'm happy that (slowly) some of these things are
       | starting to come out to light.
       | 
       | Broader, because fraudulent research is only _one_ of the
       | multiple crappy things that a person with no ethics will do to
       | grab a place and keep it. But another common thing is academic
       | abuse towards students, which is another HUGE problem that needs
       | to be addressed. There 's a lot of real crimes happening here,
       | extortion, sexual abuse, you name it. Guess who's talking about
       | it? Almost nobody.
       | 
       | Larger, because people tend to believe that these are just a few
       | bad apples while in reality this is pretty much how many large
       | academic institutions operate _de facto_. If I 'd put an estimate
       | of how many of these "bad apples" are actually there, I would say
       | it is as high as 7 out of 10 people involved in academia.
       | 
       | I love science, I've been doing it for about 15 years. That is
       | the reason why I'm very vocal around this subject. This is a
       | swamp that needs to be drained.
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | I hope you get a chance to respond, just want to clarify the
         | point: "7 out of 10 people in academia are either engaging in
         | highly unethical, borderline and actual criminal acts, or
         | complicit in enabling and/or hiding these acts"
         | 
         | Quite a claim if that's what you meant. Is this team members
         | that are considered untouchable, due to being brilliant
         | jerks/creeps, too important/connected, or otherwise
         | inconvenient to go after?
         | 
         | The most I've personally heard of is lecturing professors
         | berating the demo team (and students)... he was brilliant
         | lecturer. Perhaps others hide it better.
         | 
         | I've heard it can work the opposite way, but I imagine it's not
         | evenly applied. People get randomly fired from academia for the
         | smallest of things.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | I think the reason for this is that this behavior is self-
           | perpetuating, in the sense that "a gang of crooks" is much
           | more likely to assemble than "a gang of good people".
           | 
           | Whenever "a gang of crooks" takes hold of a Uni, it is
           | extremely difficult to take them out, and people who don't
           | want to comply with their modus operandi get pushed away and
           | removed.
           | 
           | The only time "a gang of crooks" is dethroned is when someone
           | (usually, worse) seizes their power to instill their own.
           | 
           | >People get randomly fired from academia for the smallest of
           | things.
           | 
           | Only those on the outgroup, :^).
        
         | voakbasda wrote:
         | It goes even deeper than all that. Schools basically give away
         | undergraduate degrees now, as those who should fail will
         | magically receive passing grades. They cannot afford to fail
         | too many students (relative to other institutions), as that
         | ultimately would damage either their finances or reputation.
         | 
         | Absolutely everyone involved in teaching (professors,
         | instructors, grad students) are complicit in this scam. This
         | endemic condition demonstrates the complete lack of integrity
         | present in these institutions. If they are willing to lie and
         | cheat the system that grants the very entry level credentials
         | required to get into the upper echelons of academia, it becomes
         | a very safe bet that they are lying and cheating in countless
         | other ways from the comfort of their ivory towers.
        
           | mathisfun123 wrote:
           | >It goes even deeper than all that. Schools basically give
           | away undergraduate degrees now, as those who should fail will
           | magically receive passing grades.
           | 
           | how exactly did you make the leap to undergrads?
        
         | squarepizza wrote:
         | > There's a lot of real crimes happening here, extortion,
         | sexual abuse, you name it. Guess who's talking about it? Almost
         | nobody.
         | 
         | And institutions are very good and very fast at sweeping these
         | under the rug, often if not always at the expense of the
         | students.
        
       | hanlec wrote:
       | > It identified a culture where Tessier-Lavigne "tended to reward
       | the 'winners' (that is, postdocs who could generate favorable
       | results) and marginalize or diminish the 'losers' (that is,
       | postdocs who were unable or struggled to generate such data)."
       | 
       | I am honestly very curious who hasn't observed the same behavior
       | in large corporations too. (And to be clear, I'm not defending
       | this behavior; rather curious if it's not an unfortunate
       | generalized situation that occurs not only in academia).
        
       | tomlockwood wrote:
       | And yet people think the sokal hoax contains some revelations
       | about an entire field.
        
       | bufordtwain wrote:
       | Unfortunately scientists are often rewarded/celebrated for
       | research that finds groundbreaking or new results as opposed to
       | results which are actually true but less interesting. This
       | incentive is very difficult to resist.
        
       | wly_cdgr wrote:
       | Why is bro not also getting fired from his biology prof job
       | there? They're letting the old boy down way too easy.
        
       | fredgrott wrote:
       | I have a stupid question. What should we think of Stanford ethics
       | when said individual still retains a board position?
       | 
       | If his excuse of not enough detail investigation of lab reported
       | data before sub mitting research report than should not same lack
       | of skillset be a requirement for his firing form Stanford board?
        
       | gkanai wrote:
       | Theo Baker was interviewed on the Longform Podcast recently:
       | 
       | https://longform.org/player/polk-award-winners-theo-baker
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-07-21 23:02 UTC)