[HN Gopher] How professional ethics work
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       How professional ethics work
        
       Author : BerislavLopac
       Score  : 29 points
       Date   : 2023-07-19 07:41 UTC (2 days ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (siderea.dreamwidth.org)
        
       | alphazard wrote:
       | Licensure is a natural response to LLMs making code generation
       | easier. People want to protect their jobs and AI is coming for
       | them. Creating a regulatory cartel let's some in-group become
       | "the real engineers" who are able to approve the output of LLMs,
       | or other "non-engineers".
       | 
       | All this under the auspices of "ethics", which as a reminder, is
       | just an arbitrary set of rules which someone is trying to pass
       | off as having a divine origin.
        
       | BSEdlMMldESB wrote:
       | the laws are something that is written, they are a consequence of
       | writing (where writing is taken as a social technology)
       | 
       | software is something new, it's writing that can write itself, or
       | change itself. it's a bunch or written things which then take
       | other written things and transform them.
       | 
       | this has conceptual consequences for the laws because the
       | technology that the the concept of laws if mounted on top of, has
       | been radically changed by software
       | 
       | hence it's not as simple as relying on 'licensure' which
       | ultimately leans on the notions and constructions emanating from
       | "the written law"
       | 
       | maybe in the future congress is going to have to approve pull-
       | requests to google infrastructure code? heheh
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | That explanation makes quite the leap from "personal ethics are
       | an opinion" to "professional ethics are facts".
       | 
       | Everything that comes after that seems just to explain why
       | professional ethics are crucial, but I'm still missing where the
       | opinions of a bunch of people suddenly become a fact.
        
         | hackyhacky wrote:
         | Professional ethics are facts in the sense that they are
         | codified by an organization, not in the sense that they are
         | objective and immutable.
         | 
         | The author's running example is that of psychotherapy
         | licensing, but the same applies to any medical license, law
         | license, teachers, coroners, etc. The ethics of your profession
         | are standardized across all practitioners, which means that
         | it's hard for an unethical employer to force you to do
         | unethical things, since the threat of license removal is a
         | stronger threat than that of simply being fired; and also since
         | the hypothetical unethical employer will have a hard time
         | finding another licensed practitioner who would undertake the
         | same task.
         | 
         | I really enjoyed the article, I recommend reading the whole
         | thing.
        
           | efficulty wrote:
           | I am surprised at the narrow view the author of the article
           | takes. They are using one particular meaning for the word
           | professional ethics. In my country it's a much broader term,
           | definitely not law or anything close to it, often not even a
           | standard. It can be informal or formal, it does exist (and is
           | treated seriously) in some unlicensed trades.
           | 
           | For every licensed profession out there, there's got to be
           | 10s or 100s more that are unlicensed. But the unlicensed
           | professions still can have professional ethics, somethings
           | with formal documents, education, etc. What do you think
           | happens on conferences, in the private conversations, in
           | schools and training and in apprenticeship or mentoring?
           | These are very strong carriers of not just skill and
           | knowledge, but also gossip (big part of learning and deciding
           | ethics!) and moral consideration and responsibility . That
           | doesn't mean they are less useful, but it does mean they are
           | not "law" or official or binding in the way the author
           | suggests.
           | 
           | Maybe it's cultural? I'm from central Europe and the author
           | seems to be American, and the words they are using give me a
           | hint of high pride, high ego, arrogance. Feels a bit like
           | militaristic zeal.
           | 
           | Coming back tothe topic, where I worked, some professions do
           | have ethics boards and people are licensed, while in other
           | professions there are informal groups who recommend certain
           | practices and are treated seriously by some (but definitely
           | not all) professionals.
           | 
           | From what I heard from a few experienced lawyers and
           | managment coaches (as an example of polar opposites in terms
           | of being licensed), the only bad actors who are ever punished
           | for their unethical behavior are fools and criminals, and
           | even that is not as frequent as you'd think.
           | 
           | I suspect 95+% of the morality of a person' bad behavior is
           | invisible to any observers (by design), definitely never gets
           | checked in any structured fashion by anyone (boring,
           | thankless work, gets you in trouble, no material gain, low
           | chance of success), and there's almost always a way to behave
           | badly and justify it or have deniability. The real judges are
           | outside observers, and those care mostly about serious
           | criminal behavior, everything else is called "it's business"
           | or some such general explanation.
        
             | hackyhacky wrote:
             | > the words they are using give me a hint of high pride,
             | high ego, arrogance. Feels a bit like militaristic zeal.
             | 
             | Really? I didn't get that sense at all. Can you give an
             | example?
        
               | efficulty wrote:
               | Sure.
               | 
               | "You are told what the ethics of your profession are.
               | Indeed, they are part of terms of participating in that
               | profession, more on which below." -- wrong and somewhat
               | patronizing. There exist professions which do have
               | (recognized) ethics, but those ethics are optional,
               | definitely not part of becoming a professional (because
               | the field is informal and without licenses and too young
               | to have that), and participation in profession has
               | nothing to do with moral awareness or stance.
               | 
               | "They are a set of ethics that is universal to a
               | population of professionals. They are not an opinion an
               | individual has, they are facts -" -- this is an extreme
               | position, said with high conviction that it's the only
               | one.
               | 
               | "Professional ethics are codified, and because they are
               | codified, they can be enforced. Indeed, professional
               | ethics are codified so that they can be enforced." - this
               | person likes to put a lof ot tough words in bold. Again,
               | this is so myopic I don't even know what to say. So many
               | of the ethical consideration in some professions goes way
               | beyond enforcable issues, or even hints of admonition. A
               | psychoterapist especially should know better. This is
               | where i detect an ego-driven agenda.
               | 
               | "People who program for a living trend hard to the
               | libertarian and want not to be subject to the
               | government." - that's a strong political bias right
               | there,and definitely on the militaristic end. You will do
               | what (y)our country tells you or else! That's high ego,
               | and arrogance, at once. And in the next sentence...
               | 
               | "People who program for a living trend hard to the
               | libertarian and want not to be subject to the government.
               | That's fine. But then you can't have professional
               | ethics." - oh my lord, will you stop :) How many more
               | times will this person highlight that THEY KNOW BETTER
               | and the reader DOES NOT and SHOULD BETTER START CHANGING
               | THEIR MIND :)
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | Perhaps you would prefer an analogy to law where there are
         | things which are illegal and they may not precisely correspond
         | to the things which you personally consider unethical?
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | I mean, I understand that laws and professional ethics are
           | enforced. But that doesn't make any of them anything other
           | than opinions.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | I'd guess there's a kind of authoritarian body of thought
         | taking shape as groups look to use professional licensure as
         | another culture war wedge. So there are going to be articles
         | like this "explaining" "how professional ethics work" to tell
         | us how we are supposed to think about it.
        
           | hackyhacky wrote:
           | The article doesn't explain how you're supposed to think
           | about, just its mechanics and intentions. I'd say the
           | approach to professional ethics described in the article has
           | been pretty successful in the medical and legal world, maybe
           | it could be expanded to other areas. I do not understand your
           | invocation of the "culture war" shibboleth.
        
         | frankenbagel wrote:
         | They explain that: because professional ethics are _enforced_.
         | If some licensing panel finds you violated the documented
         | ethics, your career in that field can be over... for life.
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | I find that's a bit too handwavy.
           | 
           | Why would you redefine something as fundamental as a fact,
           | that's quite different from an opinion, as "the opinion that
           | a group enforces"?
           | 
           | The repercussions if you violate those opinions might have
           | factual consequences for you, but that makes the basis for
           | all this not more factual.
        
             | FishInTheWater wrote:
             | For personal ethics, they are mere opinion as _you_ get to
             | choose what those ethics are. For professional ethics,
             | those ethics are the opinions of the relevant professional
             | associations and regulatory bodies.
             | 
             | They are facts in the sense that "The Bar believes that it
             | is unethical to lie to the court" is a fact. It is simply
             | factually true that the legal profession holds that ethics
             | belief.
             | 
             | And thus the point, anyone who seeks to join such a
             | profession has to accept their ethics "as if" they were
             | facts. You can't _choose_ other professional ethics in the
             | sense that you can choose to hold a different opinion.
        
           | hackyhacky wrote:
           | Minor detail, but the author is female.
        
             | frankenbagel wrote:
             | Thank you, my bad, moved to gender neutral "they".
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _> I am well aware that the idea of there being professional
       | licensing of software developers is wildly unpopular among
       | programmers._
       | 
       | That's an issue.
       | 
       | LeetCode tests are often formed to bias towards styles and
       | solutions favored by the testers.
       | 
       | For example, a company may want all their engineers to have a
       | particular approach to recursion, so they test for that approach.
       | 
       | The issue with professional testing, is that it can encompass
       | completely inappropriate tests. For example, I took calculus, and
       | have almost _never_ used it, in my work (over 30 years). I think
       | the closest I got was playing with matrix math and B-splines.
       | 
       | But I guarantee that a "professional programmer" test would have
       | calculus, because "Everybody should know it."
       | 
       | Same with btree stuff (again, in thirty+ years, I have never had
       | occasion to use these).
       | 
       | But I do all sorts of async stuff, and a lot of UX stuff. I'll
       | bet they don't get tested. Maybe everybody should know what a
       | ring buffer is.
       | 
       | That said, ethics don't need that kind of stuff, and I'm all for
       | ethics, but I think the managers need it, a hell of a lot more
       | than the engineers.
       | 
       | Sure. That'll happen ...
        
         | hackyhacky wrote:
         | Did you read the whole article? The author explains that
         | professional licensure is for prohibiting negative behavior,
         | not for advocating standards or best-practices.
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | > The author explains that professional licensure is for
           | prohibiting negative behavior, not for advocating standards
           | or best-practices.
           | 
           | Or for artificially limiting new entries into the profession
           | through testing quotas, training program costs/length
           | requirements and so on
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | _> Did you read the whole article?_
           | 
           | Isn't there something in the Ts and Cs about that kind of
           | question?
           | 
           | I know. My comment was about that line (and the "libertarian"
           | comment). Note my comment about managers.
        
             | hackyhacky wrote:
             | You're right, I violated the standards and practices.
             | 
             | I saw your comment about the managers, but it rather misses
             | the point. The idea of professional ethics is that the
             | _practitioners_ need licensure so that they can refuse to
             | perform unethical work demanded by their manager. If
             | programming managers had a professional code of ethics, it
             | wouldn 't impact the ability of individual programmers from
             | doing unethical things.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Sure it would. Make managers accountable for their
               | employees.
               | 
               | I always took that approach, and worked for a Japanese
               | company, and they ran that way.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | I just skimmed it, personally I'm not convinced by what I saw:
       | the premise that professional ethics is not personal ethics,
       | while true, is not really meaningful to technical disciplines. In
       | my engineering ethics and professional practice courses I never
       | saw anything "nontechnical" in our ethics, most of it was don't
       | do stuff you're not qualified for and awareness of applicable
       | law.
       | 
       | The problem with ethics is that there is a vocal group that wants
       | to turn their personal ethics into our professional ethics and
       | impose on software a bunch of judgements that are super
       | subjective (and thus outside the profession).
       | 
       | While I wouldn't be surprised to find professional conduct in
       | other engineering disciples to be getting similarly hijacked
       | these days, I think the only sensible way to professionalize
       | software would be voluntary and technically grounded, not dealing
       | with what you'd put in the realm of personal ethics at all.
        
       | titanomachy wrote:
       | I think the author's main point is insightful. Professional
       | ethics are much more effective when they have the weight of
       | regulation, because then your employer can't just replace you
       | with someone who will do the unethical thing that they want.
       | 
       | In my opinion, it is probably still worth refusing to build
       | things that violate your personal ethics. You will sleep better
       | at night, and you will introduce friction to doing unethical
       | things, which may cause your employer to re-evaluate their course
       | of action. Or they might fire you.
       | 
       | Also, I struggle to imagine what a world of regulated software
       | engineers (with an enforceable set of professional ethics) would
       | look like. To use the author's example, giving surgeons a
       | monopoly on surgery is pretty simple: if you cut people up with a
       | scalpel, even with their permission, and you're not certified by
       | your country's board of surgery, then you're committing a crime.
       | What would a world of regulated software engineering look like?
       | Are all employees of a company who are not licensed software
       | engineers now prohibited from using code to solve their problems?
       | Is a business analyst writing SQL allowed? What if they start
       | writing stored procedures in python? Are you allowed to use CLI
       | tools? What about creating bash scripts to automate your CLI
       | workflow?
       | 
       | It works in specific, highly regulated industries (e.g. "only
       | licensed software engineers may contribute to avionics firmware,
       | or the device will not be FAA certifiable"). But for general-
       | purpose business-grade software... I don't think it is possible
       | to come up with a sensible and useful rule that could draw a line
       | between programmers and everyone else. So my bet is that we
       | continue unregulated.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | > Also, I struggle to imagine what a world of regulated
         | software engineers (with an enforceable set of professional
         | ethics) would look like. To use the author's example, giving
         | surgeons a monopoly on surgery is pretty simple: if you cut
         | people up with a scalpel, even with their permission, and
         | you're not certified by your country's board of surgery, then
         | you're committing a crime. What would a world of regulated
         | software engineering look like?
         | 
         | Here's what I imagine it would look like. I don't particularly
         | like it.
         | 
         | All powerful computers operate like iPhones. Normal people are
         | prohibited from executing code outside of a limited sandbox.
         | Licensed software developers have the ability to execute code.
        
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