[HN Gopher] FedNow Is Live
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FedNow Is Live
        
       Author : lavp
       Score  : 589 points
       Date   : 2023-07-20 15:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.federalreserve.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.federalreserve.gov)
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | > "The FedNow Service is neither a form of currency nor a step
       | toward eliminating any form of payment, including cash."
       | 
       | What people are accusing them of is taking steps toward creating
       | a digital dollar. This is their response, which is pretty mealy-
       | mouthed if it's meant to address those accusations. A better way
       | to express a denial would be "the Federal Reserve has no
       | intention of creating a digital dollar and is not planning for
       | nor working on that project," if indeed that is true.
       | 
       | Because if they DO create one in the near future, then this
       | product SHOULD be designed as a step toward that. If they create
       | a digital dollar and it uses any version of FedNow, then they're
       | liars. If they create a digital dollar and it uses an entirely
       | different product, they're incompetent.
        
         | TheDudeMan wrote:
         | They're definitely both.
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | > "the Federal Reserve has no intention of creating a digital
         | dollar and is not planning for nor working on that project,"
         | 
         | If if that were true at this instant, they could change it at
         | whim.
         | 
         | What is really needed is a constitutional protection of
         | privacy.
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | This seems like a very opinionated take.
         | 
         | The CBDC is still planned. But way far in the future (couple
         | years, at least). And why wouldn't it solve settlement itself?
         | 
         | FedNow is shipping today. If it is not the future solution,
         | that is fine. It gives us better performance now.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | I actually don't have a strong opinion about the digital
           | dollar. I learned about it as a concrete idea in this very
           | article. My opinion is: sounds reasonable, probably pretty
           | complicated to pull off. I am opinionated when it comes to
           | bad, weasely non-answers to questions though, if that's what
           | you mean.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | _If they create a digital dollar and it uses any version of
             | FedNow, then they 're liars. If they create a digital
             | dollar and it uses an entirely different product, they're
             | incompetent._
             | 
             | The characterization of the Federal Reserve as incompetent
             | is the strong opinion I observed. I personally don't agree
             | with the logic you communicated. I think a completely
             | separate CBDC project that is separate from FedNow is
             | perfectly appropriate.
             | 
             | IMO, many policy makers view FedNow as a better ACH.
             | 
             | Whereas, CBDC is a much more controversial project for some
             | policymakers.
             | 
             | Separating the two projects offers some risk mitigation and
             | ensures we will at least have something usable (1) in the
             | short to medium term and (2) even if CBDC is mired in
             | political non-consensus.
        
               | karaterobot wrote:
               | That's a reasonable response. I was being hyperbolic I
               | suppose. What I meant was: if they are working on FedNow
               | and a digital dollar at the same time, a more efficient
               | use of resources would be to plan for FedNow to be
               | interopable with the digital dollar, so that they don't
               | have to replace it with something that is in a few years.
               | 
               | Perhaps they are planning for that already. My main
               | complaint is the lack of both transparency and clarity in
               | the quoted statement. I don't believe their response will
               | satisfy anybody who is wondering if the Fed is working on
               | a digital dollar, when it would have been very easy for
               | them to do that. I sort of expect that kind of needle-
               | threading response from private companies and
               | individuals, but (naively) expect more transparency from
               | public institutions.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Consider "We have every intent of creating a digital dollar and
         | are actively planning and working on that project BUT FedNow
         | has NOTHING to do with that project".
        
       | jjclane wrote:
       | Check out https://explore.fednow.org/ for more information and an
       | interesting use of Google Maps :)
        
       | ragnot wrote:
       | I'm glad the US is finally catching up the rest of the
       | world...India already has the Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
       | [0]. Additionally, I think fears of this turning into a CBDC are
       | overblown. Banks already have to settle transactions between
       | banks through reserve transfers via the Fed...this will just help
       | automate that process so we can send money from bank account to
       | bank account. Like a Zelle or Venmo, but government backed!
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Payments_Interface
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | India's system is more usable, though, apparently. This seems
         | like an improvement but it doesn't do the same thing?
         | 
         | > Because UPI is designed to be intermediated by computers
         | rather than by humans, transactional information gets captured
         | by the payments company while the transaction is in progress,
         | and that can tell the clerk (or cron job) that the payment
         | succeeded without them needing access to the bank account.
         | 
         | > This is a fun engineering challenge in many countries, which
         | are often overlaying bank transfers as a payment method on top
         | of bank transfers as a settlement method.
         | 
         | [...]
         | 
         | > Bank transfers are an extremely small percentage of customer-
         | to-business payments in the U.S. In addition to the speed
         | issue, which might get improved by FedNow when it launches
         | (wags have referred to it as FedLater), bank payments have no
         | consistent way to receive metadata, and despite being no-cost
         | they compete with well-developed credit card ecosystems which
         | credibly offer better-than-free pricing through rewards schemes
         | (to the customer, who generally gets to choose which payment
         | method they use to transact).
         | 
         | https://www.bitsaboutmoney.com/archive/bank-transfers-as-a-p...
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Reward schemes are funded by interchange fees funded by
           | higher product prices. They are a tax on the entire economy.
           | Merchants can push the CC fees to customers who opt to pay
           | with CCs vs cheap or free instant payment systems. T-Mobile
           | has dropped autopay discounts if you use a credit card vs
           | deposit/bank accounts for payment, for example. Walmart wrote
           | public comments on this topic supporting the FedNow
           | implementation.
           | 
           | Reward systems won't last as merchants push towards FedNow as
           | a payment alternative and charge you to use a credit card.
           | Nor should they last.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36012866
           | 
           | > Walmart has observed a severe misalignment of incentives
           | that has plagued the payments system in the United States for
           | decades. Certain incumbents and large participants enjoy
           | massive profits by stifling innovation in payments, ensuring
           | that account access is limited to a small number of networks,
           | and perpetuating barriers to entry for alternative solutions.
           | Controlling this access allows the dominant players to
           | extract rents from other payments system participants,
           | ultimately resulting in higher costs for all consumers,
           | particularly consumers who are unbanked or underbanked.
        
             | staringback wrote:
             | My Citi Custom Cash card gives me 5% back on gas station
             | purchases (my highest category), even paying the higher
             | price at the pump for credit cards I still come out ahead.
             | I'm fairly certain Citi is not making 5% on interchange
             | fees
        
               | Clent wrote:
               | Isn't it easier to assume Citi is recovering the 5% via
               | interchange fees versus Citi is losing money every time a
               | customer uses an advertised card feature.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Citi is definitely not earning 5% via interchange fees,
               | this is known. While they might lose some money on the 5%
               | for some credit card users that use it correctly, it is
               | most likely more than made up for by other credit card
               | users who either use the credit card for other types of
               | purchases and receive much less in rewards, resulting in
               | a net gain.
               | 
               | Or citi has figured out that certain users of the card
               | carry a balance and they spend more on interest than it
               | costs in Citi in rewards. If the situation changes and
               | Citi is losing money, then they change the reward amount.
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | It is almost certainly from compound interest.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | It's a loss leader that is usually capped. They are
               | marketing against other cards in your wallet. Most
               | consumers use a card or two so the habit of buying gas
               | drives more spend.
               | 
               | Discover does the same thing with quarterly promos. They
               | are paying 5% for the first $1500 of Apple Pay/Google Pay
               | transactions... an incentive to add Discover to your
               | wallet.
               | 
               | Gas is also unique. Our local supermarket chain gives you
               | gas discounts for spend. People are always annoyed about
               | gas so they fixate on saving $1/gallon, forgetting that
               | they spent $1000 at the most expensive grocery chain so
               | they can save $12-20 for a fillup. That $12 probably cost
               | them $50.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > India already has the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) [0].
         | Additionally, I think fears of this turning into a CBDC are
         | overblown.
         | 
         | Yet, India is already working on E-RUPI [0] which _is_ a CBDC
         | on top of UPI by the Reserve Bank of India, also shown in the
         | same Wikipedia link you just used. Eventually, FedNow will just
         | be the rails for a US dollar CBDC.
         | 
         | The next time a protest happens in India after their government
         | does something extremely unpopular, you'll see why CBDCs are a
         | nightmare not to be ignored. This is why governments around the
         | world are working with many central banks with pilot schemes to
         | test them out and eventually roll their own.
         | 
         | > Like a Zelle or Venmo, but government backed!
         | 
         | Look where that went for Zelle. [1] A vehicle for rampant fraud
         | on the system.
         | 
         | [0] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-e-
         | rupi-d...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/06/business/payments-
         | fraud-z...
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Eventually, FedNow will just be the rails for a US dollar
           | CBDC_
           | 
           | This is unfounded. FedNow is a faster classical payment rail.
           | CBDCs involve the central bank taking on a customer-facing
           | role. The Fed has no desire, nor frankly basis in law, to do
           | that. The only reason the two are linked is crypto (a)
           | prompted the first serious discussion about American payments
           | modernization and (b) promoters are using it as a thread by
           | which to hang onto a dream of mainstream crypto.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | The central bank digital currency concept has little to do
             | with FedNow. It's denominated in dollars, and is cleared by
             | all parties keeping ledgers which are compared if they
             | differ. But between the crypto people and some right-wing
             | conspiracy mongers, the two are being connected in some
             | social media.
        
       | rajagopalvr wrote:
       | heard of upi in india? it's one of the best payment system in the
       | world.
        
       | mixmastamyk wrote:
       | Fantastic, although not a peep from my bank.
       | 
       | Articles seem to imply that it can work in complement to zelle,
       | so that may extend it's reach quite a bit, no?
        
         | ProllyInfamous wrote:
         | >not a peep from my bank
         | 
         | Why would a for-profit banking institution actively advertise
         | for something that will affect its bottom line (e.g. transfer
         | fees)..?
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | My bank doesn't charge transfer fees. Not sure what that
           | means, credit card fees? That's charged by the network.
           | 
           | Obviates old-fashioned wires I suppose but those are rare and
           | fee sometimes waived. Probably save money by reducing
           | employee headcount.
        
           | constantcrying wrote:
           | Because customers demand it and any bank which has it can
           | attract customers from banks which don't.
           | 
           | A system like that exists in Europe already, banks operate
           | for profit there too.
        
       | mkhalil wrote:
       | Sharing a comment I posted from an earlier submission:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36801977
       | 
       | ------------------------------------------------------------
       | 
       | The Federal Reserve announces that its new system for instant
       | payments, the FedNow(r) Service, is now live. FedNow(r) FAQ:
       | 
       | >> https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/fednow_faq.htm
       | 
       | ------------------------------------------------------------
       | 
       | FedNow(r) Service Provider Showcase (Incl: Service Providers with
       | APIs)
       | 
       | Browse service providers that can help you connect, innovate, and
       | deliver instant payment products using the FedNow Service.
       | 
       | >> https://explore.fednow.org/explore-the-
       | city?id=10&building=s...
       | 
       | ------------------------------------------------------------
       | 
       | Participating financial institutions that are currently live on
       | the service:
       | 
       | >> https://www.frbservices.org/financial-
       | services/fednow/organi...
       | 
       | ------------------------------------------------------------
       | 
       | Launch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHLnV9wu-5A
       | 
       | Other Official FedNow(r) Videos:
       | https://www.youtube.com/@FRBServices/videos
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | I haven't learned all the details of the service yet, but I hope
       | this helps eliminate the ridiculous check-based / Zelle fraud
       | that seems to be growing (or at least, seems to be highlighted in
       | news and discussion as growing).
       | 
       | The very fact that we have money that can appear to be yours
       | initially, but then removed from your account if a check is
       | reversed or disputed is costing people in time and $, and
       | benefitting fraudsters. (advance fee fraud, Zelle "mistakes", and
       | similar). 3 day clearing times that give people an opportunity to
       | be scammed.
       | 
       | Although, irreversible + instant payments may open some new types
       | of problems for people, I could totally see that. But people will
       | need to learn how to deal with this more rational system. Other
       | countries are decades ahead of us in that you are the one who has
       | to initiate payments from your account, and only you can do that,
       | and payments are instant and settled.
        
       | geekrax wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ksenzee wrote:
         | Thanks for posting this excellent example of why you shouldn't
         | use ChatGPT to summarize documents. Page 4 of the PDF has an
         | understandable diagram and list of steps, and this doesn't
         | match it.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | For those in the know, will this break the stranglehold Visa and
       | Mastercard have over the entire payments industry and help
       | prevent people from being un-personed on a whim?
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The best service the Fed could supply for the average American
       | citizen is a federal checking account paying interest at the
       | listed Fed rate.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Title could include "instant payments system"
        
       | thomas_ma wrote:
       | How can a consumer actually try this to send money? This says
       | Wells Fargo is live now but after logging into Wells Fargo I
       | don't see any obvious new feature.
        
         | ellisv wrote:
         | There's no new feature. It's an old feature (transferring
         | money) but faster.
        
         | isignal wrote:
         | It is live on star one credit Unions mobile app. On their
         | interface, it still requires you to specify the target's
         | routing and ac number like an ACH transaction. So not the most
         | usable now.
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | Think of it more as an alternative method to fulfill the kinds
         | of things that ACH and Wire Transfers are used for. You'll
         | probably never see 'this is a fednow function' on any consumer
         | facing documentation, but billpay, payroll etc will use it.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | I'm assuming that banks and payment services will add it to
           | their services. Everything that goes over ACH will gradually
           | switch to FedNow. There will be no noticeable difference to
           | users except that transfer will be instantaneous instead of
           | taking days.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Mortiffer wrote:
       | Amazing news. Kinda sad to see that Stripe was not on the list of
       | early adopters but I'm sure they will implement it soon.
       | 
       | In Switzerland we build an awesome eBill system ontop of the
       | equivalent thing to FedNow. Its all run by Six Group which is the
       | biggest Stock Exchange but it is jointly owned by the big banks
       | and government. So they all agreed to add this eBilling system.
       | Its so much superior to having paper come in the mail all the
       | time.
       | 
       | So much is possible once you have instantly confirming
       | transactions supported by all banks. Suppliers can assume all
       | possible customers have a bank account that can do this in
       | contrast to the crazy world of sending paper checks by mail.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | I've been receiving and sending all my bills and invoices by
         | e-mail for the last decade, without any need for some awesome
         | or amazing system. I'm sure millions do the same.
        
         | mcny wrote:
         | > Suppliers can assume all possible customers have a bank
         | account that can do this in contrast to the crazy world of
         | sending paper checks by mail.
         | 
         | I wish I, and anyone else, could get a bank account directly
         | with the federal reserve bank.
         | 
         | > According to a 2021 report by the Federal Deposit Insurance
         | Corporation (FDIC), an estimated 7.1 million adults in the
         | United States do not have a bank account. This number
         | represents about 2.4% of the adult population.
         | 
         | You could even place limits to "child-proof" such accounts. I'd
         | be ok with not allowing the account balance to get below zero
         | or exceed the FDIC insured limit. My only condition is nobody
         | should be banned from it or kicked out for any reason. You
         | could say this account earns no interest (as long as there are
         | no account maintenance fees or transaction fees).
        
         | chimeracoder wrote:
         | > Kinda sad to see that Stripe was not on the list of early
         | adopters but I'm sure they will implement it soon.
         | 
         | Given Stripe's role in the system, it doesn't make sense for
         | them to support it until there's sufficient support from the
         | banks as well. Until banks support it, it doesn't matter if
         | Stripe (or any payment platform) does, because the users won't
         | see any benefit.
         | 
         | > Driving the news: "We're tracking it closely," President of
         | Product and Business Will Gaybrick says, noting the company is
         | not actively working on anything related to FedNow. "I really
         | do think real-time payments are going to be a big deal."
         | 
         | > "As I understand FedNow, there isn't yet a mandate, so banks
         | don't have to implement it," he added. "For things to
         | completely change the landscape of payments, you need universal
         | coverage."
         | 
         | > If, for instance, only 30% of banks support FedNow, then it's
         | unlikely to become a priority for merchants to adopt the
         | system.
         | 
         | https://www.axios.com/pro/fintech-deals/2023/06/14/fednow-st...
         | 
         | > The Financial Technology Association, which represents
         | fintechs including Block, Marqeta, Stripe and Wise, among
         | others, is urging the Fed to make direct access to the new
         | faster payments system, called FedNow, more widely available so
         | fintechs can tap the new service without going through banks.
         | 
         | > Generally, only licensed banks have access to the Fed's
         | master accounts, giving them clearance to use FedNow's faster
         | payments system when it's available, but nonbank fintechs argue
         | it's shortsighted to exclude them from the same direct access
         | to the new public system. While there is also The Clearing
         | House's rival RTP Network, the new FedNow system may provide
         | more cost-effective services.
         | 
         | https://www.bankingdive.com/news/fintech-federal-reserve-pay...
        
       | TheCaptain4815 wrote:
       | So when can businesses start utilizing this to replace ACH? I run
       | a b2b company and right now ACH is our most popular payment
       | option, but the settlement time is a pain.
        
         | hathawsh wrote:
         | Right away. My organization verified that an account at one of
         | our banks could send thousands of dollars to an account at
         | another bank, in seconds, and then send it back. It's pretty
         | cool. :-)
        
       | ejz wrote:
       | I know that these are famous last words on Hacker News, so I post
       | them very hesitantly...but presumably this is bad news for Plaid,
       | right?
        
         | nimbleplum40 wrote:
         | I don't think there's much overlap. Banks aren't using plaid to
         | settle up...
        
         | pezdeath wrote:
         | Wouldn't it also be real bad news for Zelle? And in theory
         | Venmo/Cashapp/etc
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | Zelle is already owned by a consortium of banks. Even if
           | FedNow were to make Zelle obsolete, it wouldn't do anything
           | to harm the banks, so they ultimately wouldn't care.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, Venmo is owned by PayPal, who deserves to become
           | obsolete, so we should all be cheering this on.
        
           | ru552 wrote:
           | Not for Zelle/Venmo/etc.. Zelle is for P2P (person to person)
           | and FedNow is for A2A (account to account). There are no take
           | backs on FedNow so it's not intended to be used for P2P. No
           | take backs means no recourse for fraud etc.. FedNow should
           | supplant ACH waaaaaaaaaaaaaaay down the line.
        
             | cowgoesmoo wrote:
             | There's also no take backs on Zelle, Venmo, or Cash App.
        
               | ru552 wrote:
               | I can't speak to Venmo/Cashapp, but Zelle does take
               | backs. It's for specific areas of fraud such as the
               | fraudster impersonating a government official/agency, or
               | things like fake not for profits.
        
       | ArlenBales wrote:
       | Question: Can this be used by a consumer to more conveniently and
       | securely, and without 3rd party fees, sell things online or in-
       | person?
       | 
       | Example 1: Sell a graphics to someone on /r/hardwareswap.
       | Currently using PayPal.
       | 
       | Example 2: Sell car in-person. Currently go to bank and have
       | buyer hand over cash to deposit in bank.
        
         | ke88y wrote:
         | The end users of FedNow are financial institutions, so not
         | directly.
        
           | hydrophlask wrote:
           | The hope is that banks open it up for their consumers to use.
           | Log into your bank app -> send money to friend's bank and it
           | will all happen over FedNow under the hood.
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | I hope so, when it trickles down to the commercial bank user
         | level.
         | 
         | That's how it works in pretty much the entire rest of the
         | world. PayPal is mostly incomprehensible to Europeans, it
         | solves a problem that they never had.
        
         | loeber wrote:
         | Not yet for consumer banking. Expect this to get rolled out
         | first for transfers between banks and financial institutions,
         | then regular businesses.
        
       | openthc wrote:
       | Is this something that one (a business) can now (or soon-ish) use
       | to send or receive payments?
        
       | EMCymatics wrote:
       | I cant help but feeling like this is a huge mistake.
        
       | c0unt wrote:
       | > Banks and credit unions of all sizes can sign up and use this
       | tool to instantly transfer money for their customers, any time of
       | the day, on any day of the year.
       | 
       | Come on... Being capable of sending money to someone easily
       | should not be based on the bank.
        
         | ru552 wrote:
         | Your money is located somewhere and your recipient has their
         | money located somewhere. The places where your money sits needs
         | to interoperate with whatever "thing" you're using to send
         | money. Presuming that your money sits in a bank/credit union,
         | you arrive at the quoted statement. If your money is paper in a
         | sack somewhere, you can mail it, but it might not make it all
         | the way.
        
       | backtoyoujim wrote:
       | how long until it has a section for tipping ?
        
       | hansoolo wrote:
       | I am genuinely curious, how is this news? I can do real time bank
       | transfers since... I dunno...
       | 
       | I never touched a check in my life and I get my employers payment
       | mostly even before the end of the month?
        
       | bingemaker wrote:
       | India has got pretty good payments system. UPI is miles ahead.
       | Any reason why FedNow can't learn from India and adopt UPI?
        
       | nikolay wrote:
       | Another nail in the crypto's coffin.
        
       | natas wrote:
       | I'd Just As Soon Kiss a Wookiee!
        
       | natas wrote:
       | I am very worried when the government knows/governs money
       | transfers; look at china.
        
         | tedivm wrote:
         | This is basically just replacing ACH with a faster system.
        
           | atlgator wrote:
           | Like Apple photo scanning was basically just for CSAM
           | detection, right?
        
             | piperswe wrote:
             | What risks does FedNow have that FedACH doesn't have?
        
               | riskable wrote:
               | I know you're making a point but there _is_ a distinct
               | difference in risk: FedNow transactions happen instantly,
               | therefore fraud can take place faster.
               | 
               | That's all though. That's not a good reason to stay on
               | FedACH.
               | 
               | For the HN crowd the best way to describe the difference
               | between FedACH and FedNow is migrating from a batch-based
               | system that settled transactions a few times/day to a
               | real-time system. Just like such migrations developers
               | and engineers encounter in many normal IT environments,
               | real-time systems have their own issues but are also
               | capable of so much more and are generally easier to
               | improve/evolve.
               | 
               | FedACH was made for big, one-time transfers between bank
               | accounts where it wouldn't matter too much if settlement
               | took a few days. FedNow was made for _lots_ of small(er)
               | instantaneous transactions.
               | 
               | At first FedNow will likely be used as a simple
               | replacement for ACH transfers but I suspect that it will
               | eventually replace the back ends that handle debit card
               | payments (because the prize--which would be taken from
               | Visa, MasterCard, First Data, and similar--is too big to
               | ignore).
        
         | raincom wrote:
         | Feds already get money transfer data without warrants. Recently
         | Chase closed my checking account because I use Zelle so often.
         | Chase knows all Zelle records because they partially own Zelle.
         | I would rather have Feds own the data, rather than banks. When
         | banks own data, they make decisions to close people's bank
         | accounts without any proof of abuse.
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | So, is the cost of moving money at the retail level zero to
       | almost negative at this point? I mean, literally, we as a society
       | have invested tax dollars to reduce money movement to something
       | that's damn near minimum entropy.
        
       | bluepod4 wrote:
       | Something something privacy
        
       | vlovich123 wrote:
       | Is there a way to restrict my bank to only allow incoming
       | deposits to use this for my account? I'm scared of VULNs in a new
       | system being abused to withdraw money quickly. Yes, I know the
       | bank is on the hook for making me whole, but recovering from a
       | financial issue like that is more annoying and time consuming
       | than just avoiding it and being a late adopter.
        
       | the42thdoctor wrote:
       | So is this gonna kill apps like CashApp and Venmo ?
        
       | no_wizard wrote:
       | Is there going to be a universal SDK / API we can use with this?
       | This would cut alot of middle companies out of the payments
       | industry (or at least put pressure on lowering fees). That would
       | be a huge win.
       | 
       | Wish we could do the same for the credit card companies. Would be
       | great if the Federal Government could intervene in some way to
       | have Visa / Mastercard / American Express / Discover use the same
       | API interface for payments. Would dramatically increase
       | competition for providers.
        
         | _praf wrote:
         | Column is building API's for our direct integration with
         | FedNow: https://column.com/fednow/
         | 
         | The network of banks supporting FedNow is still small, so we
         | may not see meaningful payment volume for a while compared to
         | ACH, Wires, Checks, etc.
        
         | Qworg wrote:
         | Even when offered a more competitive option, consumers love
         | credit cards - the merchant gets soaked, while they get cash
         | back. Given how the networks are, you'd have to have an
         | unprecedented collusion of merchants to break the credit
         | networks open.
        
         | figassis wrote:
         | This is usually never the way it happens. The government does
         | not make market ending decisions on a whim. It would have
         | already met with the biggest stakeholders and fedNow is likely
         | the result of many considerations and compromises. Visa will
         | likely not be threatened any time soon.
        
         | uses wrote:
         | Currently this works between banks only. Banks have reserves at
         | the Fed, and those reserves are what gets adjusted when a
         | FedNow transaction happens. The banks then adjust their own
         | records on their customers' behalf.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | So it's like a Bitcoin exchange, but with dollars!
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | It's like a centralized exchange in which funds can be
             | seized, censored, and the participating brokers are
             | licensed. Nothing like bitcoin.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tarmon wrote:
             | I don't see how this is anything like a crypto exchange, is
             | there something I'm missing here?
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | Some crypto maximalists ignore many of the intrinsic
               | aspects of crypto (decentralized consensus, cryptography,
               | etc.) because in their use case, it's just 'digital
               | money.'
               | 
               | So when a completely dissimilar example of 'digital
               | money' comes up, they equate it to crypto, even though
               | _it lacks many of the intrinsic aspects of crypto._
        
             | AmericanChopper wrote:
             | Some would say suspiciously so. Which is why some
             | commentators think this is being implemented as a
             | prerequisite of a CBDC.
        
               | treyd wrote:
               | The FedNow project was in the works long before any
               | serious CBDC idea was conceptualized.
        
               | AmericanChopper wrote:
               | I work with a couple of organisations that have been
               | advising public institutions on their investigations into
               | CBDCs, and the entire timeline of FedNow development took
               | place after CBDCs had initially been conceptualised.
               | CBDCs became a mainstream concept in 2016 when the Bank
               | of England started discussing them publicly. The Faster
               | Payments Taskforce report (which was the basis of
               | FedNow's design) came out in 2017, and the Fed announced
               | its plans to start work on FedNow in 2019. Many advanced
               | economies announced plans to start seriously
               | investigating the use of CDBCs in 2021, but they'd all
               | been discussing the concept for years at that point.
               | 
               | I don't know whether the fed's investigation into CBDCs
               | will result in it adopting one. But FedNow has been
               | designed in such a way that it could easily be modified
               | to support one. You'd just have to implement a version of
               | it where the allowed participants were everybody who's
               | allowed to have a bank account, rather than only banks.
        
           | erickf1 wrote:
           | It won't take long before all banks are using it. Once the
           | banks are using it, employers will begin making payments
           | using it. Once employees are receiving digital currency
           | payments from employers, cash will end soon after.
        
             | hellojesus wrote:
             | Cash likely won't end unless legislatively forced to do so.
             | The anonymity is too valuable.
        
             | sfg wrote:
             | If it does end, Amazon gift vouchers? What would be a
             | better substitute?
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | I've been receiving my payments digitally from employers in
             | the US for almost 20 years now.
             | 
             | I've never in my life received a wage in cash, as in, hard
             | dollars.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | I received W-2 wages in cash in the military. I suppose
               | I'm old.
        
               | asah wrote:
               | ...but with days of delay, where someone else is keeping
               | the interest. And maybe charging a transaction fee.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > ...but with days of delay
               | 
               | Maybe a long time ago, but I get my pay which is supposed
               | to be on the 1st and 15th on like the 13th and 29th or
               | something. Getting paid "two days early" is a pretty
               | common feature with Direct Deposit these days. It is
               | always credited to my account _before_ my actual paycheck
               | technically gets posed.
               | 
               | > maybe charging a transaction fee
               | 
               | I imagine someone would be paying for the transaction of
               | physically handling all the cash, no? Its not like having
               | all the logistics of handling cash to potentially
               | thousands of employees is a zero dollar cost. I imagine
               | its _massively_ cheaper for everyone to pay whatever
               | marginal cost my employer is paying for ACH
               | /DirectDeposit through their payroll app than paying a
               | ton of people to handle and keep track of the cash.
        
               | arjvik wrote:
               | Getting paid early is essentially an automatic "Payday
               | loan" provided by whoever you bank with (whatever
               | institution receives your payhecks) as a perk of banking
               | with them. I personally decline this service, because I
               | don't like adding a paycheck-sized liability to my
               | accounting books for two days.
               | 
               | My bank seems to trust my paycheck deposits, though, and
               | they "clear" (update my balance and become spendable)
               | under 24hrs after they show up as "pending."
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | They're based on notification from they payroll company
               | about the incoming paycheck. They're not just assumed by
               | the bank to be there, and I'm not charged any interest on
               | it, so I wouldn't necessarily lump them into the same
               | category as "payday loans" which usually carry extremely
               | high interest rates and often don't actually have any
               | basis on truly knowing if the paycheck is incoming or
               | not. Getting paid early is not similar to going to a
               | payday loan vendor and getting a loan.
               | 
               | So when my bank is crediting my account with my paycheck
               | early, its because my work told them I'm getting paid
               | that amount. Otherwise they wouldn't necessarily know of
               | the amount. Sure, its like some kind of loan in a way,
               | but its essentially paperovering the slowness of the ACH
               | to actually clear in a decent timeframe.
        
             | nimbleplum40 wrote:
             | Huh? Employers pay employees via direct deposit in many
             | (most?) cases. This isn't any different... Either way it's
             | money moving from one bank account to another digitally.
        
           | eweise wrote:
           | I think most if not all the participating banks are "receive
           | only" so there's no one pushing any money yet.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | The fed lists a number of service providers on their page. I
           | assume they will now roll out some interfaces. Glad to see
           | the US banking system start to catch up with the rest of the
           | world ca mid 90s.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | No. This is an interface for banks to settle between
         | themselves.
         | 
         | A bank does not want to interact with you in the same channel
         | as it interacts with another bank.
         | 
         | What there will be are services provided by banks which utilize
         | this for instant transfers.
         | 
         | The middle companies between transfers you _want_. Most of the
         | actual work is fraud prevention and dispute resolution...
         | unless you want the only means of settling a dispute is through
         | the courts.
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | > _Wish we could do the same for the credit card companies._
         | 
         | For e-commerce, isn't that SRC?
         | 
         | https://www.emvco.com/emv-technologies/secure-remote-commerc...
        
         | rowls66 wrote:
         | Shameless plug, but Moov offers a single API for payments. The
         | clearing house's RTP system will be supported shortly, and
         | FedNow is coming soon after. Check out out here:
         | https://moov.io/
        
           | tracker1 wrote:
           | Pricing page is all but worthless... no indication what so
           | ever about what even basic tier pricing is, or could be.
        
             | rabidonrails wrote:
             | Agreed. This is really strange from their pricing page: >>
             | Get started for free to test our APIs & unblock your
             | development team. Talk to us about your transaction volume
             | to get the best pricing with flexibility to grow.
             | 
             | You would think there would _at least_ be a ceiling price.
             | Makes me wonder why they can't show _any_ pricing.
        
               | Qworg wrote:
               | Not to answer for Moov, but IIRC, they're still open
               | source + a paid option with banking partners.
               | 
               | I think the pricing is weird because you can start (and
               | run!) for free, while the end to end solution requires
               | negotiating with multiple parties.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | Yeah, that's a good one.
               | 
               | "Spend the time and energy to build us into your product
               | first and then we can talk price" is not the most
               | reassuring of pitches.
        
         | finfrastrcuture wrote:
         | that seems like the right answer...
         | 
         | however, the payment itself is almost besides the point. the
         | tricky part is the scheme / governance surrounding payments.
         | who is liable for what, preventing fraud, etc. these large
         | payment actors + the middlemen are more about fostering trust
         | networks than moving the actual dollars and cents.
         | 
         | fraud in P2P payment networks (e.g. Zelle) is already a huge
         | issue because a lack of a governing actor like a card
         | network.[0] a different question is would the government ever
         | provide this mediating role / lay out guidelines? would we want
         | it to?
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/06/business/payments-fraud-z...
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | > cut alot of middle companies out of the payments industry
         | 
         | Those middle companies have lobbyist representation and the
         | govt has no intention of cutting any companies out of the
         | payments industry.
        
         | incahoots wrote:
         | I think you know the answer to your question, more than likely
         | this won't see the light of day outside of federal usage.
         | 
         | Far too much lobbying for any REAL competition to shake up the
         | industry.
         | 
         | This will be exclusive to the federal government and state
         | governments I imagine.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | mavili wrote:
         | > This would cut alot of middle companies out of the payments
         | industry
         | 
         | Not really. All it will do is let the same companies change the
         | way they handle average citizens' payments.
         | 
         | It's the same as Open Banking in Europe. It is supposed allow
         | small businesses to leverage this to enable innovation and all
         | that stuff, but when you want to use these APIs you find there
         | are limitations on who can actually use it. For example, you
         | can only put your service to production by being on a
         | "directory" of approved providers, and to be on that directory
         | you need something 25k or 50k in an account. So, not really
         | that useful for a small startup wanting to make a product out
         | of it.
         | 
         | Banking systems are the backbone of world power dominance, big
         | players won't let small people share it.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | It's not particularly difficult for a small start-up to come
           | up with $25,000 in the US.
           | 
           | That's modest angel investor money in a small city.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | Aside from playing devil's advocate, do you have a sensible
             | reason why it should be this way versus another way?
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I would assume such a system is capable of facilitating
               | fraud, so it's probably good to have some kind of
               | financial hurdle you have to jump in order to use it? Not
               | that having $25k or $50k is a guarantee that you aren't a
               | fraudster, but I imagine there are a lot of would-be
               | fraudsters who _don 't_ have that kind of cash on hand.
               | 
               | I do think this is a bit of a weak justification, though.
        
           | ncallaway wrote:
           | > So, not really that useful for a small startup wanting to
           | make a product out of it.
           | 
           | I mean, 50k puts it out of "a couple people starting
           | something in their garage", but it doesn't really lock out
           | much beyond that. That's pretty close to the franchise fee
           | for opening a McDonald's.
           | 
           | Yes, it could be more equitable, but if that's the only
           | barrier to access, it's... pretty open for even quite small
           | businesses.
        
           | civilitty wrote:
           | 50k is small peanuts, even for a friends and family round.
           | I'd expect any startup dealing with banking transactions on
           | my or my businesses's behalf to have at least that much in a
           | bond or escrowed away for counterparty risk.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Is there going to be a universal SDK / API we can use with
         | this?_
         | 
         | There is probably a neobank opportunity in providing this.
         | FedNow is, reasonably, administered by banks. (The Fed doesn't
         | want to provide end-user customer service nor incur liability
         | for fraud.)
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | Right. I suppose that makes sense. I'm thinking about ease of
           | startup costs for institutions that want to use it
           | financially. The Fed would need to support that anyway.
           | Perhaps by not limiting a qualifying institution to just
           | banks but also opening up access to financial service firms
           | would be enough. They could just have some sort of fair
           | priced qualifying program that a company has to maintain to
           | access it or something
        
           | ericjmorey wrote:
           | The Fed is not allowed to compete with member banks. That's
           | part of the reason why something like FedNow took so long to
           | emerge.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Isn't this column's whole shtick?
        
       | 634636346 wrote:
       | It will be interesting to see how this affects "toxic,"
       | deplatformed, and to some degree debanked (at least from PayPal
       | and CC processors) entities, like the KiwiFarms. While this page
       | is somewhat vague about the private/public status of the Fed:
       | https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htm
       | 
       | it seems pretty well established that federally chartered
       | corporations, like the USPS and Amtrak (e.g.,
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebron_v._National_Railroad_Pa...),
       | are bound by the first amendment, so theoretically the Fed should
       | be as well.
       | 
       | That means the usual "it's a private corporation!" defense of
       | corporate censorship is probably off the table.
        
         | cempaka wrote:
         | Isn't it the case that you still have to have a relationship
         | with a bank to have an account to transfer into or out of via
         | FedNow in the first place? In that case I don't think this
         | would change the picture at all. It's not the _intention_ to
         | help the unbanked pariahs, that 's for sure.
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | Yes, one doesn't have an account with a participating bank in
           | order to receive and send payments via FedNow. It is same
           | with Zelle; with Zelle, one sends money to an email or a
           | phone number of an intended recipient. Both senders and
           | receivers of Zelle need to registered with Zelle from their
           | banking apps. USBank and Chase are notorious to close
           | accounts who use Zelle heavily, because they see such
           | activities as nefarious. Maybe, other banks use Zelle
           | transaction history as another point to in order to debank
           | people.
           | 
           | I don't want my banks to know who I send money to via Zelle;
           | but they do. If banks are happy with customers writing checks
           | to 'problematic' people, why they think that frequent Zelle
           | activity as source of risk, as long as customers are not
           | depositing or withdrawing cash/money orders.
        
           | 634636346 wrote:
           | There are still almost 5k banks in the US. Unlike Zelle, if
           | this opens to all of them, all you need is one bank.
        
             | evantbyrne wrote:
             | I presume the system uses bank account and routing numbers?
             | So besides concerns with sharing that information with the
             | public, concerned citizens will figure out who they bank
             | with, and will most likely be able to easily pressure the
             | bank to drop them.
             | 
             | Certain things should be difficult to accomplish in a
             | functional society anyways, and administering a profitable
             | hate group is one of those things. If not bankrupted by
             | their lack of credit card access, they'll eventually run
             | into legal troubles from the damage they cause to innocent
             | people.
        
               | docmars wrote:
               | >concerned citizens will figure out who they bank with,
               | and will most likely be able to easily pressure the bank
               | to drop them
               | 
               | This should be difficult to accomplish in a functional
               | society.
        
               | cempaka wrote:
               | > _they 'll eventually run into legal troubles from the
               | damage they cause to innocent people_
               | 
               | Which is how this sort of thing ought to be handled, in
               | stark contrast to "Chrystia Freeland sends an email to
               | the heads of major banks to get troublemakers debanked
               | with zero transparency or due process."
        
               | evantbyrne wrote:
               | Like the person I was responding to said, there are
               | thousands of banks. If not a single one wants to do
               | business with this organization, that's not a first
               | amendment issue and you don't need to lose sleep over it.
               | Being so unpopular that nobody with a shred of decency
               | will do business with them is not a rights issue.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | I'm sure British loyalists circa 1776 would have agreed
               | with you.
        
               | evantbyrne wrote:
               | Nonsense comparison. We're talking about business
               | partnerships. If everyone with a shred of decency turns
               | your organization away, that's a great litmus test for
               | its existence. Worry about the next revolution being
               | banked when that becomes a real concern, not over an
               | online troll farm that tries to convince vulnerable
               | people to end their lives.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I think KiwiFarms is a cesspool and I think Null in particular
         | is an extremely crappy human, but despite that I disagreed with
         | the credit card processors pulling them, because they really
         | did have a near-monopoly for online payments, meaning that this
         | could be considered stifling of free speech.
         | 
         | However, I think I'll have less of an issue for it if there's
         | the government-backed means in which to send them money; at
         | that point I think the "it's a private company!" defense would
         | actually apply to the credit card companies.
        
           | ZoomerCretin wrote:
           | This is a dramatic whitewashing of KiwiFarms. KiwiFarms was
           | not deplatformed for wrongthink or because people disagreed
           | with their ideas. They were deplatformed for coordinating
           | harassment campaigns that resulted in at least three
           | confirmed suicides. That is not protected speech.
        
             | slily wrote:
             | Last I heard, at least one of those "confirmed suicides"
             | failed to appear in government databases, which casts doubt
             | on its legitimacy (I assume it is one of those counted as
             | "confirmed"), and another was associated with outside
             | harassment and falsely attributed to KF. I don't know what
             | the third one is.
             | 
             | I dislike that site and the general behavior of its users
             | too, obviously, but during that time when it was in the
             | spotlight I saw plenty of evidence of egregious behavior
             | and blatant lies from people campaigning to censor them,
             | and much of it seemed to work. It's not hard to see how
             | debanking could affect less "problematic" organizations or
             | individuals through censorship campaigns (or government
             | interference) regardless of your feelings about KF itself.
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | You're right in this scenario, and people need to
             | understand the First Amendment doesn't protect "criminal"
             | speech.
             | 
             | OTOH, plenty of sites have been canceled simply due to
             | their fucked-up viewpoints that are protected speech.
        
             | docmars wrote:
             | Any speech could be attributed to the N-number of suicides
             | we unfortunately see happening. This is not a good argument
             | for censorship or punitive actions against individuals or
             | entities whose speech was followed by a suicide with
             | dubious / unproven connections to that speech.
             | 
             | If any speech is to be considered targeted harassment, then
             | let the courts decide that in a defamation (or otherwise)
             | case to determine damages and reconciliation of those
             | damages.
             | 
             | Private entities should not be allowed to limit their
             | business services to customers they suspect are behaving in
             | a way they disapprove of, especially since these customers
             | are not asking for tailored services such as cakes and
             | custom websites. Payment providers are the backbone of a
             | functioning economy, and problematic speech should never be
             | the reason why they deny service.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | What is the Kiwi Farms?
        
           | jcadam wrote:
           | Be happy that you do not know.
        
           | LegitShady wrote:
           | A toxic website where online trolls discuss other
           | personalities, mostly online, in a toxic way.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | A discussion forum similar to, say, Something Awful (or
           | indeed HN), with a focus on mocking online misbehaviour and a
           | reputation for unpopular political views.
        
             | ZoomerCretin wrote:
             | >with a focus on mocking online misbehaviour and a
             | reputation for unpopular political views.
             | 
             | A less generous interpretation is that they coordinate
             | harassment campaigns against transgender people and have
             | caused at least three suicides.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | polski-g wrote:
               | It is nearly impossible to prove what "caused" a suicide.
        
               | xvector wrote:
               | It's about as impossible as proving what "caused" someone
               | to die after they got run over by a train. They could
               | have had a fatal aneurysm in the moments before getting
               | run over. Or perhaps it was the train that killed them. A
               | perplexing game of probability indeed!
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | That was proven to be false.
        
               | ZoomerCretin wrote:
               | https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/02/kiwi-farms-
               | die-...
               | 
               | https://fortune.com/2022/09/05/kiwi-farms-so-bad-
               | cloudflare-...
               | 
               | It is anything but false. They bragged about their kill
               | count. Do you have any source for your claim?
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | The "immediate threat to human life" was not identified
               | specifically; the only post meeting that description was
               | taken down by moderators in less than an hour (which
               | compares favourably with many social media sites'
               | response times to similar incidents) and was from a new
               | account that hadn't posted anything else, so hardly
               | representative of the site's culture.
               | 
               | While I don't know the specifics behind your other link,
               | like most articles about it it's using second- and third-
               | hand claims; given there was an orchestrated smear
               | campaign against the site, I'm sceptical. It was
               | certainly convenient that Kiwi Farms was removed from the
               | Internet Archive just as articles like this were being
               | published, making it impossible to verify or disprove any
               | of their allegations.
        
             | Gabriel_Martin wrote:
             | "Mocking online misbehavior" is pretty generous.
        
         | prometheus76 wrote:
         | The Federal Reserve is a private company with a chair that is
         | chosen by the President of the US with advice and consent from
         | the Senate, and serves a four-year term. There is no term
         | limitation for this office.
         | 
         | The reason the US government has a national debt is because
         | that debt is owed to the Federal Reserve, which is a private
         | bank that loans the US government money and that sets the US
         | monetary policy.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | public / private is a false dilemma
           | 
           | trusts, foundations, and a host of other entities are
           | 'orphaned' entities and is essentially a third category which
           | is more accurate for the Federal Reserve as well
           | 
           | The Board of Governors is a public entity with an
           | appointment, and the rest of the entity has a rotation of
           | members and pretty full autonomy on how it runs on the inside
           | at the employee level
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | It's a club funded by interest rate skimming with opaque
             | structure and reporting requirements which don't conform to
             | typical reporting requirements. CEO of Silicon Valley Bank
             | was on BoD of SFO branch, which failed to adequately
             | regulate SVB.
             | 
             | https://www.svb.com/news/company-news/svb-financial-group-
             | ce...
             | 
             | "SVB Financial Group CEO Elected to the Board of Directors
             | of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco"
        
           | globalreset wrote:
           | ... https://www.thebalancemoney.com/who-owns-the-u-s-
           | national-de...
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | >>Federal Reserve is a private company with a chair that is
           | chosen by the President of the US with advice and consent
           | from the Senate, and serves a four-year term
           | 
           | Sorry but no... You can not be a "Private Company" and have
           | your leadership appointed by the President like any other
           | Government Agency
           | 
           | The Fed is a Government Agency,
           | 
           | >>The reason the US government has a national debt is because
           | that debt is owed to the Federal Reserve,
           | 
           | Incorrect
           | 
           | Some of the Debt is owned by a Federal Reserve, more recently
           | as no one want to buy US Debt any more but....
           | 
           | >>which is a private bank that loans the US government money
           | 
           | Again FALSE....
           | 
           | The Federal Reserve can not Loan the US Government anything
           | 
           | The US Dept of Treasury issues Bonds which are sold on the
           | Open Market, 3rd parties then Buy these Bonds, then the Fed
           | Buys them
           | 
           | The Fed can not legally buy Bonds directly from the US
           | Government. How do you think Black Rock got to be do big...
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | The Fed is a contractor with pomp and circumstance to make
             | it appear different. Any private group charter can require
             | their club leader to be approved by the Pres. and the Pres.
             | may or may not play along.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Did the Fed own significant treasuries prior to QE?
        
           | dools wrote:
           | None of what you just said is true, it's libertarian
           | propaganda.
        
           | 634636346 wrote:
           | >The reason the US government has a national debt is because
           | that debt is owed to the Federal Reserve, which is a private
           | bank that loans the US government money and that sets the US
           | monetary policy.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure every holder of US Treasuries (including me)
           | is owed money by the US government.
        
             | prometheus76 wrote:
             | We are both correct.
        
             | dools wrote:
             | Not only that but the cash swapped for bonds is also a
             | liability of the government, so it is just swapping one
             | liability for another.
             | 
             | What we call government debt is just an operational
             | vestige.
        
       | Dowwie wrote:
       | Who built this? Dev was obviously contracted out.
        
         | arizzitano wrote:
         | What makes you think that?
        
         | hydrophlask wrote:
         | internally built.
        
       | ishanjain28 wrote:
       | Do they have a simpler use id like india's
       | upi?(userHandle@bankHandle)
       | 
       | In the demos I watched, There is account number and routing
       | number
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Address book and search can help with that. Worked in NZ
         | anyway.
        
           | ishanjain28 wrote:
           | well yes but the addressing scheme we use here is so much
           | simpler. I hope they incorporate it at some point
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | Hmm, may be biased but don't feel email address format for
             | bank accounts is a big win. Seems to confuse rather than
             | simplify.
             | 
             | On the other hand routing plus account number is kinda
             | long.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | isignal wrote:
         | Yes, that part is unfortunate. It requires full routing number
         | and account number. Maybe the phone number to account number
         | mapping might be seen as a privacy risk in USA.
        
       | konschubert wrote:
       | It is crazy how much credit card companies get paid just for
       | making sure that money goes from A to B.
       | 
       | Yes, they also offer fraud protection and chargeback, but in 90%
       | of purchases, I don't need those. I have other means of
       | establishing trust and recourse, and I just want to send money,
       | instantly.
       | 
       | Paying $200 on the internet should cost $0.01, not $10.00.
       | 
       | I think there is tremendous opportunity in unbundling payment and
       | fraud protection.
        
         | hahajk wrote:
         | My intuition is that the existence of fraud protection probably
         | lowers the incidence of people attempting fraud.
         | 
         | I'm someone who (still!) believes in the Bitcoin project but
         | I'm hesitant to use it for online payments because if someone
         | rips me off there's no one I can go to for help.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | Here we go. CBDCs are next, and also national Digital IDs.
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uwRSzNTp2ko
       | 
       | Real ID + needing it to browse anything on the Internet:
       | https://community.qbix.com/t/the-coming-war-on-end-to-end-en...
       | 
       | From what I see people on HN writing, by and large they downplay
       | the risks of these as well as AI. Or alternately seem to suggest
       | that CBDCs and national IDs are not coming, and that it's a
       | conspiracy theory. However, the "enshittification of Big Tech
       | platforms" is already a fact, so they simply complain about it,
       | but anytime solutions involving open source, decentralization,
       | and utility tokens are introduced, they are violently voted down.
       | So -- since no solutions are welcomed, I guess many denizens of
       | HN support hurtling toward extreme centralized control. After
       | all, we'll be able to _complain_ about it once it's in place, and
       | that's enough!
       | 
       | Edit: literally _5 seconds_ after I posted it, I received
       | downvotes. Not fast enough for a human to read the message let
       | alone explore the links. I wonder if it's even automated by
       | keyword now.
        
         | ktosobcy wrote:
         | US attitude towards national IDs is amusing, lol
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | It's also wildly inconsistent. The same political factions
           | (vs individuals) that complain about Real ID _also_ complain
           | endlessly about fake ID. They complain about illegal voting,
           | but also support the drive to withdraw their states from
           | ERIC, which has done a good job in detecting illegal voting.
           | Basically they 're sometimes against solutions because their
           | complaints infrastructure generates a reliable stream of
           | political and financial capital from the credulous.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | [Lightly] amusing is thinking there is a singular attitude in
           | the US towards national IDs. And we already have several
           | forms of national ID anyway.
        
             | digging wrote:
             | Comically, the primary national ID we use is one
             | specifically designed not to be a national ID.
             | 
             | The secondary "national" IDs most of us use are simply
             | state IDs or driver's licenses. They're not in a federal
             | database, but I don't understand how that's meaningfully
             | different. It's still a big government tracking system.
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | It _was_ , but curiously, they've removed the related
               | verbiage from new issuances.
               | 
               | They used to carry a disclaimer: FOR SOCIAL SECURITY
               | PURPOSES * NOT FOR IDENTIFICATION
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | National IDs in the US are never coming because the evangelical
         | base of the GOP literally oppose it for being the "mark of the
         | beast".
         | 
         | >Here we go. CBDCs are next, and also national Digital IDs
         | 
         | No, this is a long term replacement for ACH, a function that
         | the Federal Reserve was already carrying out.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | nothing about singling out people for various reasons and
           | depriving them of basic services? read history much?
        
             | mzg wrote:
             | The government already has the power to do this -- just ask
             | any trans person in the South
        
               | seneca wrote:
               | > The government already has the power to do this -- just
               | ask any trans person in the South
               | 
               | Any citations on every trans person in the South being
               | singled out for denial of services by the government?
               | Because that sounds like inflammatory nonsense.
        
               | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
               | It's their truth. Don't deny it.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | Banning gender affirming care effectively is singling out
               | transgender people and denying them services[0].
               | Additionally there was a recent Supreme Court decision
               | allowing businesses to discriminate against people[1].
               | 
               | Additionally in living memory, many businesses and
               | government services were segregated by race. In some
               | cases some races were denied access to services or those
               | services were severely underfunded. The legacy of that
               | legal system still has impacts today.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.usnews.com/news/best-
               | states/articles/2023-03-30/... [1]:
               | https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1182121291/colorado-
               | supreme-c...
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > Banning gender affirming care effectively is singling
               | out transgender people
               | 
               | For children. Or for state funding, but the state doesn't
               | pay for the vast majority of plastic surgery.
               | 
               | > Additionally in living memory, many businesses and
               | government services were segregated by race.
               | 
               | Race doesn't need affirming medical care, or
               | identification to single out. Also, businesses and
               | government services weren't abstractly segregated by
               | race, they were specifically discriminatory toward black
               | people.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | 1. The grandparent comment asked for "Any citations on
               | _every_ trans person in the South being singled out for
               | denial of services by the government." The great
               | grandparent comment only mentions asking the opinion of
               | _a_ transgender person if the government has the power to
               | deny services to them. By banning gender affirming care,
               | even just for children, wouldn't that be an example of
               | government discrimination against transgender people?
               | 
               | 2. The example of racial segregation was to point out an
               | additional time that a minority group was discriminated
               | against. Black people getting less than adequate medical
               | treatment is not them needing specific affirmative care
               | and being denied it but an example of discrimination that
               | was government sanctioned. Beyond pointing to the two
               | sets of laws and their discriminatory natures the link is
               | superficial, just another example of legal
               | discrimination.
               | 
               | I cannot speak for you but denying the government the
               | power to discriminate or oppress minorities and
               | empowering the rights of individuals to life, liberty,
               | and the pursuit of happiness is worthwhile to me. Which
               | is why seeing all these states pass these discriminatory
               | laws is disheartening.
        
             | delfinom wrote:
             | They don't need a national id to do that. Lmao
             | 
             | Case in point, the no fly lists, they literally don't care
             | if they just ban all the John Smiths.
        
           | Aloha wrote:
           | I see it as an almost total impracticality to transition from
           | our current system to a centralized national identity
           | document.
           | 
           | There is no central database of:
           | 
           | * Citizenship
           | 
           | * Births
           | 
           | * Drivers Licenses
           | 
           | * Marriages
           | 
           | * Deaths (SSA death reporting is voluntary and customary by
           | funeral homes -not required)
           | 
           | * Education history
           | 
           | * Criminal Records
           | 
           | * Firearm Ownership
           | 
           | * Property Ownership
           | 
           | * Vehicle Ownership
           | 
           | The only thing the feds or even the state government has a
           | certain idea of is, how much you made in a given reporting
           | period - not that reporting periods always overlap in any
           | meaningful way. There is no requirement (as far as I can
           | tell) to even request a social security number - most parents
           | do, because they want to claim their children on their taxes.
           | 
           | Now, many of those records _do_ exist - they exist at the
           | county, state or local level in some manner or fashion - and
           | of course, its not standardized either, sometimes its at the
           | county, sometimes the state, sometimes at the county or state
           | for the same record type based on year. (e.g. Marriages from
           | 1902-1962 are in county records, and 1962 to current in
           | state, or the other way around.)
           | 
           | Trying to link all of this data in a meaningful way, would be
           | a monumental task that would likely require a vast amount of
           | manual data matching - and it would still be wrong 40% of the
           | time.
        
             | no_wizard wrote:
             | They could do an audit and census approach as a one off to
             | get all this started. For a national ID though wouldn't you
             | only need drivers license / property data / marriage data /
             | criminal data / citizenship / births?
             | 
             | Not sure you need firearm / vehicle / education history for
             | an ID system
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | It'd be a gargantuan project to do so, just trying to
               | match property data alone would be massive.
        
           | solardev wrote:
           | We already use social security numbers for everything
           | (insurance, credit, etc.). It's pretty much a national ID,
           | just a shitty one.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | USG has issued national ID documents for more than 200
             | years. They're called passports.
        
               | singleshot_ wrote:
               | Everyone who is sufficiently against national ID must
               | never have left the United States, then? Correlation or
               | causation, I wonder.
        
               | enstrangement wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | Between passports, SSNs, state IDs, your birthday,
               | homeowner records, and metadata like addresses/phone
               | numbers/employers, it's already trivially easy for any
               | actor to fingerprint you anyway. Even the private sector
               | does this for cheap. To say nothing of biometrics like
               | facial recognition, which ironically, the government
               | sometimes tries to protect you from (like in Illinois,
               | where it's banned).
               | 
               | It's so weird to me that people are afraid of the
               | government knowing _who you are_ when like every private
               | company asks for the same kind of information all the
               | time, and data brokers gobble that up and resell it all
               | the time (including to government), and nobody bats an
               | eye.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | The way they got SSNs through is by promising that it would
             | be illegal to use them for identification. The only remnant
             | of that is that it (still?) remains illegal to refuse
             | services to people who refuse to give their social security
             | numbers, although if you do it you'll break customer
             | service.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | "Can I see your social security card, please? The one
               | that says 'Not to be used for identification' on it?" lol
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | > it (still?) remains illegal to refuse services to
               | people who refuse to give their social security numbers
               | 
               | I'd love to read this, for anyone more familiar with the
               | legislation/where to find it.
        
         | ksey3 wrote:
         | In this case CBDCs (the interest bearing kind) actually have
         | the potential of disintermediating banks. Or atleast reducing
         | credit/liquidity risk. Grandma's savings/deposits arent going
         | to evaporate the next time a bank collapses. Cause her CBDCs
         | are going to be sitting in her wallet.
        
           | ahtihn wrote:
           | > Grandma's savings/deposits arent going to evaporate the
           | next time a bank collapses.
           | 
           | That's already the case.
        
           | compsciphd wrote:
           | if they are interest bearing, there will always be some risk
           | involved by definition....
        
         | striking wrote:
         | I've already read this comment before, just written a different
         | way. I promise you I'm not a robot, I just disagree.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | It was obvious from the first line that your post was going to
         | be axe-grindey conspiracy fodder. It's not us, it's you and
         | your and tightly closed epistemological loops.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | I would love to see government IDs be available as a form of
         | auth on the internet. It would open up the possibility of real-
         | person communities with fewer bots and trolls.
         | 
         | Similarly with digital payments, I'd much rather trust the
         | government with that than some rando cryptobro of the week.
         | 
         | There is nothing extreme about this. The government already
         | does both functions in the analog world. It's about time they
         | caught up digitally.
         | 
         | Meanwhile some YouTuber screeching about some Bible quote...
         | not a convincing start
         | 
         | Edit: didn't downvote you btw, just don't agree that this is a
         | bad thing
        
           | niam wrote:
           | I don't trust the govt quite as much as you, but could see
           | this being a useful govt function if the issuing body didn't
           | maintain any record of when, where, or why an ID was used--
           | and only acted to verify the authenticity of an ID.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | I don't know if it's really a matter of "trusting" the
             | government, but of accepting that they already have access
             | to most of my data anyway. Between credit cards, IP logs,
             | subpoenas, national security letters, warrantless
             | wiretapping, etc., they already know everything there is to
             | know about me.
             | 
             | What makes this tradeoff (of convenience vs privacy)
             | acceptable to me is not that I trust the government, but
             | that I already accept I have near-zero privacy right now,
             | as it is. Making it slightly easier for them isn't a big
             | deal. I'm not a very exciting person to begin with.
             | 
             | And frankly I suspect that outside of techno-libertarian
             | echo chambers, this is the case for most regular people.
             | They just don't really care if the government knows about
             | them. Not everyone has the same degree of desire/need for
             | privacy.
        
               | niam wrote:
               | I also fit into that camp of un-interesting people you're
               | describing, but I'd say the intersections between privacy
               | and law are a bit more underhanded and dangerous than the
               | intersections between privacy and corporations.
               | 
               | In legal circles, for example, there's the refrain that
               | you should _never_ share unnecessary information with
               | police, even if you 're well intentioned and have nothing
               | to hide, because innocence isn't a preclusion from being
               | royally fucked in court. It's true that "the government"
               | as a homogenous blob has mountains of information on you,
               | but I guess I'm not so eager to dissolve what few helpful
               | divisions within that blob exist.
               | 
               | On the whole though I agree that my information existing
               | _somewhere in that blob_ isn 't the hugest deal.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > It would open up the possibility of real-person communities
           | with fewer bots and trolls.
           | 
           | I would be 100% unwilling to engage with public online
           | communities if I had to reveal my real-world identity to do
           | so.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | And that's OK. I'm sure there would still be anonymous
             | forums, the 4chans and reddits of the world and such. But
             | this would enable real-identity communities that we don't
             | currently have, useful for things like public comments and
             | discussions for local news (god, those newspaper comment
             | sections are horrible right now), government requests for
             | comments (like when they're starting a new development or
             | changing land use or whatever), things like a public
             | version of Nextdoor/Yelp/etc.
             | 
             | The hope is not that it would kill anonymity altogether,
             | but that it would create some alternative communities
             | linked to real-world identities, and maybe that would help
             | people behave better, with real-world decorum, in those
             | specific identities. Yeah, some people would never sign up
             | for those... and maybe that's OK, as long as the remaining
             | community is more civil and thoughtful?
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | > maybe that would help people behave better, with real-
               | world decorum, in those specific identities
               | 
               | I don't think that would be the result, really, because
               | when sites do have real identity requirements, it doesn't
               | increase civility much, if any.
               | 
               | I think it's the absence of a physical presence that
               | makes people feel OK with being less civil. Emotionally,
               | it doesn't feel like you're talking with real people.
               | 
               | But I don't know.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | You might be right about that, sadly.
        
           | drivebyhooting wrote:
           | It's not even been 100 years and people already forgot.
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | US history isn't my forte. Can you elaborate?
        
           | didntcheck wrote:
           | > I would love to see government IDs be available as a form
           | of auth on the internet. It would open up the possibility of
           | real-person communities with fewer bots and trolls.
           | 
           | And reintroduce all the chilling effects of knowing
           | everything you say is on a permanent record linked to your
           | name. I know the government wouldn't be running the sites,
           | but they'd have activity metadata, and data breaches could be
           | correlated to work out who the "opaque" ID refers to (perhaps
           | it would be possible to mitigate that by having the IdP
           | identify users to the site as a hash combining the site and
           | the user. Not sure). There are a few types of companies that
           | may have a genuine reason for requiring government auth, but
           | generally we should not make it easy for Facebook or Google
           | to require it
           | 
           | A community with fewer bots and trolls should be accomplished
           | with moderation, and not just allowing a firehose of signups
        
             | solardev wrote:
             | Can't we have both?
             | 
             | Ideally, the government login/auth would be an opt-in for
             | sites where anonymity isn't important. Facebook, for
             | example, already has a real-name policy but still has fake
             | accounts. Moderation alone isn't sufficient; it's hard to
             | keep up with the number of bad actors. Limiting signups to
             | verified humans, and possibly validating their nationality,
             | can help with that IRT to bots and foreign agents.
             | 
             | It's important that the mechanism be opt-in, though, and
             | yeah, metadata would be a problem. But realistically it's
             | just a matter of degree... they already have access to all
             | of that metadata today with just a subpoena or national
             | security letter. Centralizing the login would make it
             | easier for them to collect it, but also make it easier to
             | audit via government mechanisms (FOIAs, etc.) compared to
             | the opacity of private companies (which are under zero
             | obligation to reveal how things are stored).
        
           | OGWhales wrote:
           | My concern with digital payments is the elimination of cash.
           | Having the ability to transfer value without it being
           | monitored or blocked is an exceptionally useful property of
           | paper money.
        
             | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
             | But you might buy things the government doesn't want you to
             | have. Real meat? Nope. Religious texts? Nope.
        
               | fatfingerd wrote:
               | Which government is that? Even Russia values religious
               | faith as a pillar for misinformation.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | China, notably:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_China#Anti-
               | metaphy...
               | 
               | While not an outright ban on religion per se, there is
               | continued state pressure against religion: https://en.wik
               | ipedia.org/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_of_the...
        
               | shwaj wrote:
               | Or participate in activities the government doesn't want
               | you to participate in. Canadian trucker protest? Nope.
        
             | digging wrote:
             | Well, it's still possible with barter goods, just a lot
             | harder. Isn't there a cryptocurrency that's actually
             | private too? (I know Bitcoin is not)
        
               | Vecr wrote:
               | Monero. It's not perfect of course.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | As long as the US continues to have large numbers of
             | unbanked/underbanked, that isn't a possibility.
        
           | barkerja wrote:
           | > I would love to see government IDs be available as a form
           | of auth on the internet
           | 
           | This kind of already exists: https://login.gov
           | 
           | I have to use this to login to the VA.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | It'd certainly be interesting if they opened it up so
             | third-parties could use it for authentication.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Oh, please no, unless those third parties used it as an
               | option for authentication rather than the only means of
               | authentication.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | Totally this. I should've made that explicit in my post.
               | Thanks for pointing it out.
        
           | WeylandYutani wrote:
           | I agree I'm more concerned about Silicon valley tech bros
           | than my own government.
           | 
           | I can vote for Parliament I can't vote for PayPal's board of
           | directors.
        
             | drivebyhooting wrote:
             | PayPal doesn't have a military and doesn't extract taxes
             | from you though.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | If your government's military wanted to oppress you,
               | PayPal wouldn't protect you from the consequences. No
               | payment system ever conceived by even the stanchest
               | technoanarchist is immune to bullets.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | It's a bit ironic... all this talk about crypto evading
               | government hasn't really changed much. Then you have
               | multinationals like Meta and Apple that really do have
               | more money and power than most governments _because_ of
               | their centralization and scale.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | PayPal might not but Apple/etc extract a 30% tax from
               | everything you do through their stores.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | Agreed. But I can choose not to use it. I don't buy
               | things in the App Store nor do I use pay pal.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | digging wrote:
               | The idea that the USD you earn in a wage is "yours" and
               | the government has no right to tax it makes no sense to
               | me. They _printed_ the money. Your wage wouldn 't exist
               | without the government making the modern economy possible
               | (in more ways than just printing it). Many of our jobs
               | wouldn't even exist without the government's
               | participation in the economy.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | Holy strawman Batman.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | The military? When was the last time they turned on the
               | citizens? I don't live in Tiananmen, thankfully.
               | Meanwhile it's private companies that oppress most of us:
               | private hospitals, private prisons, private insurances
               | companies, private credit bureaus, private banks, private
               | tech companies, private surveillance companies, private
               | small arms manufacturers and dealers. It ain't the
               | government that's crimping my freedoms.
               | 
               | Taxes? So I get some roads and schools and parks and old
               | people healthcare, and lose some to corruption. Better
               | that than making Bezos and Zucky even richer.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | Forget the military, when was the last time the
               | government used force on its own citizens? Probably 1
               | second ago, and thousands of times a day. Are you really
               | more oppressed by a private hospital today than you are
               | by literally thousands of laws that have penalties that
               | will put you in prison? I'm not pro private hospital, or
               | anti-law, but let's be real about who has ultimate
               | control of your freedom. Even if we grant the threat to
               | your freedom by a private [fill in the blank], that
               | entity only is allowed to exist by dint of the
               | government. Not a coincidence that many of your examples
               | are the most regulated industries, or directly in
               | business with Government (hospitals, firearms
               | manufactures, prisons, insurance companies).
        
               | maerF0x0 wrote:
               | > the government used force on its own citizens
               | 
               | The government is authorized by it's own citizens to use
               | force on some citizens (such as criminals).
               | 
               | That being said, your point might have been when did the
               | government last use force in an unjust manner? That's a
               | matter of constant political debate.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | If the question is "are you really more oppressed by the
               | private sector than the government"... then the answer
               | for me is, 100% yes. Healthcare is a big one (the
               | insurance industry, along with Republicans, not wanting
               | single-payer). Tax filing is another one (damn you,
               | Intuit). Hospital pricing opacity another one (until
               | recently).
               | 
               | Meanwhile the government _protects_ many of my
               | "freedoms" from private intrusions when it comes to
               | things like bankruptcy protections, credit bureau
               | limitations, telemarketing, angry gunowners, etc.
               | 
               | I've run into trouble with the law on a few occasions,
               | but it was never terribly oppressive -- probably largely
               | thanks to my race, class, and politics. If I were a poor
               | Black man or a conservative white man, I'd probably have
               | a very different view of government.
               | 
               | Thinking about it some more, I think think this just
               | circles back to the old "freedom from" and "freedom to"
               | debate... not sure that's worth getting too much into
               | here, since we're unlikely to change anyone's minds or
               | reveal new perspectives.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > The military? When was the last time they turned on the
               | citizens?
               | 
               | 1970, though I hope we aren't at risk of that happening
               | again anytime soon. The modern military has been pretty
               | good at staying apolitical.
        
               | Bloating wrote:
               | I prefer to use my deep pockets to lobby for tax
               | loopholes. Easy to do, when the tax code is so convoluted
               | 80,000 bureaucrats can't keep track
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | I mean, for all intents and purposes, the US Postal
               | Service subsidizes Bezos.
        
             | jkeisling wrote:
             | Governments are far harder to remove than tech firms. You
             | may be able to ditch Google, but there's only one
             | government in your country. And "democracy" doesn't prevent
             | state surveillance.
             | 
             | Most politicians back it, so voting differently makes
             | little difference. Labour and the Conservatives support the
             | Online Safety Bill, the Patriot Act was bipartisan, and
             | voters have very little control over the EU and can't stop
             | Chat Control. And most of "government" isn't directly
             | elected: you can't vote out the NSA, and Congress has
             | little power over them either. The government blunts
             | corporate abuses but doesn't stop them: revolving doors
             | ensure authorities target small fry while big companies
             | like Visa keep going unimpeded. And finally, most voters
             | don't mind surveillance that much, since government and
             | media manufacture consent for it. Don't count on ordinary
             | people to "vote it out" until it's too late.
             | 
             | Lobbying against government surveillance helps marginally,
             | but it's an eternal struggle. Governments take as much
             | power as they can get, while abuses are exponentially
             | harder to detect and stop than refusing to grant that power
             | in the first place. The "slippery slope" isn't a fallacy,
             | it's the record of the last twenty years. Don't let them
             | track speech and money with a central ID and digital
             | currency, just because you don't like a few tech bros or
             | online trolls.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | > Governments are far harder to remove than tech firms.
               | You may be able to ditch Google
               | 
               | Ditching Google is not the same thing as removing Google
               | from governance of your life, though. I don't use Google
               | search, but I am sure they know who I am and sell that
               | data to anyone who wants it, including government
               | agencies which _can 't legally obtain that data on their
               | own_ due (ostensibly) to citizen oversight.
        
               | solardev wrote:
               | Realistically, the average person has exactly 0 chance of
               | "removing" either a government or a big multinational
               | company.
               | 
               | However, the average person at least has some _teeny
               | tiny_ say in government via democratic processes and
               | oversights. They have zero power against a big company
               | unless they are a major shareholder.
               | 
               | The fundamental difference of "one person, one vote" and
               | "one dollar, one vote" should not be lost in this
               | discussion.
               | 
               | Big bureaucracies are terribly disempowering no matter
               | who runs them, but in government at least you have some
               | tiny amount of representation vs zero in the private
               | sector.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > Meanwhile some YouTuber screeching about some Bible quote
           | 
           | Why do you lie when it takes 1 second to verify the facts? I
           | wasn't interested, but clicked on the video and the man is
           | talking in a calm and collected manner, not even close to
           | "screeching". Or is it always "screeching" when somebody says
           | something you disagree with?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _CBDCs are next_
         | 
         | Nobody has seriously discussed a CBDC for months in the U.S.
         | FedNow is the American financial system catching up to the
         | 1990s. It has nothing to do with crypto beyond the cursory.
        
           | DANmode wrote:
           | FedNow _is_ the system that will give the USD some or all of
           | the troublesome properties of a CBDC.
           | 
           | I can't begin to parse your comment.
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | Right now, you hold your money digitally with a bank. The
             | bank holds its money digitally with the Fed. If your bank
             | caught fire, the bank and its insurers would be responsible
             | for getting you your money back.
             | 
             | A CBDC would mean cutting out the bank - you would hold
             | your money digitally with the Fed, and the Fed would be
             | liable for it.
             | 
             | FedNow creates a ledger that allows two banks holding their
             | money digitally with the Fed make an instant transfer. You
             | never become a direct customer of the Fed, but your bank
             | and the bank of the person you're exchanging money with -
             | both already Fed customers - have a quicker way to record
             | the transfer.
             | 
             | The only relation between FedNow and a CBDC is that the Fed
             | is involved, and, like, computers, I guess? Other than
             | that, their mechanisms and effects have very little in
             | common.
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | Powell seriously discussed CBDC in his recent testimony to
           | congress. He mentioned it was far off.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Powell seriously discussed CBDC in his recent testimony
             | to congress. He mentioned it was far off_
             | 
             | It isn't being seriously discussed for implementation. The
             | working groups are disbanded. The Fed won't write it off--
             | they shouldn't. But CBDCs are as proximate as postal
             | banking.
        
       | orf wrote:
       | Welcome to 2002 I guess? I'm surprised you couldn't already do
       | this.
       | 
       | What happens when you get paid? It comes several days later?
        
         | jbnorth wrote:
         | Yes, that's the current state of affairs. My bank receives the
         | money in my account from my employer's bank but it takes a
         | couple days to clear. Right now many banks will make this money
         | available to you right away rather than waiting for it to
         | clear.
        
         | aketchum wrote:
         | I assume you are being snippy, but to actually answer the
         | question: Kinda - if you are paid on Fridays then payroll is
         | submitted on Tuesday or Wednesday.
        
           | orf wrote:
           | No I'm genuinely asking. You get paid at the end of the
           | month, but it actually arrives in your bank 4 or 5 days
           | later?
        
             | jrmg wrote:
             | Yes. Or the entity doing the payment initiates it a few
             | days earlier to ensure timely arrival.
        
             | Spoom wrote:
             | ACH is generally overnight. I don't know the internals, but
             | if I get paid on Friday, I actually get the money in my
             | account on Friday. Perhaps they actually send it a day or
             | two early.
        
             | relativ575 wrote:
             | No. In my case it'd be same days (15th and 1st) as paydays,
             | or earlier if the payday falls in the weekend or holidays.
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | Are there amount caps?
        
         | jsmith45 wrote:
         | The network limit is $500,000 per transaction, although
         | individual participants can set specific lower limit, which is
         | defaulted to $100,000.
         | 
         | Furthermore any end user interface provided by the bank could
         | have its own limit, since FedNow is just a backend service,
         | frontends are up to each participating provider.
        
       | flotwig wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/FsEaf
        
       | kak3a wrote:
       | why? don't we already have Zelle and Venmo that does just that?
        
         | anthonypasq wrote:
         | im assuming this means there will be no settlement time when i
         | put money from my savings account in to my brokerage?
        
         | mint2 wrote:
         | edit oops wrong article - Venmo is only "instant" requiring
         | behind the scenes smoke and mirrors and also requires carrying
         | balances
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | Zelle is closed to the few banks that partner with the private
         | banks that run it. Venmo is a private company that siphons your
         | data for sale.
         | 
         | FedNow is a long-term replacement of ACH, which the Fed Reserve
         | banks already run. This system is open to all US financial
         | entities. The platform also uses a ISO standard
         | https://www.frbservices.org/financial-services/fednow/prepar...
        
           | jsmith45 wrote:
           | The Federal reserve banks are only one operator of ACH, with
           | there also being a second private operator. The fed denies
           | that Fednow will replace ACH.
           | 
           | Not sure if that denial makes much sense, although it
           | certainly could take a long time to replace ACH even if it
           | eventually does, simply due to how many systems interact over
           | ACH, and that many of them will not be high priority to
           | change.
           | 
           | I'm also a little surprised that FedNow went with real-time
           | gross settlement, simply because that means posting every
           | transaction to a Federal reserve account (which would be a
           | large increase in transaction volume for those accounts,
           | relative to say daily or even hourly net settlement). Reading
           | Operating Circular No. 8 tells me that is exactly what they
           | are doing, which is honestly a little impressive.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | It surprises me because in Canada the Interac e-transfer
           | system has been flawless in my anecdotal cases. Albeit one
           | known issue is reversals allowing fraud, but I assume any
           | non-cryptographic solution will have the same issue.
        
           | bl4kers wrote:
           | Zelle has been a nightmare to use. Apparently they rolled out
           | a major update that caused many financial institutions to
           | drop support. Because of that, my phone number is now
           | unusable/blocklisted in their system because it's in a limbo
           | state that neither Zelle nor my bank can fix
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | Zelle is being dropped by banks because it is a massive
             | source of fraud.
             | 
             | https://www.wfla.com/8-on-your-side/better-call-
             | behnken/zell...
        
             | Tommstein wrote:
             | It's a coin flip whether Zelle will actually work any time
             | I try to use it.
        
       | panarky wrote:
       | The press release lists a few big banks like Chase, Wells Fargo,
       | BNY Mellon, US Bank and Fiserv, along with a dog's breakfast of
       | random service providers and credit unions.
       | 
       | Since free realtime payments presumably would still require both
       | the sender and the receiver to use a participating financial
       | institution, instead of all participants just transacting
       | directly through the Fed, how is this supposed to work if most of
       | the industry isn't participating?
        
         | rowls66 wrote:
         | There are already other options for instant payments in the US.
         | The Zelle network and The Clearings House's RTP have been
         | running for several years, and provide pretty good account
         | reachability today. FedNow is the result of smaller banks and
         | credit unions wanting an alternative to Zelle and RTP which are
         | both owned by consortiums of the big banks. The expectation in
         | the industry is that there will eventually be interoperability
         | between these systems, and it will not make much difference to
         | consumers which one their bank uses. Similar to how paper check
         | and ACH clearing works in the US today.
        
           | riskable wrote:
           | Zelle isn't a good comparison because it's not made for
           | things like paying employees or other businesses. It was made
           | specifically for payments between individuals and in fact,
           | the big banks that run Zelle could very well change the terms
           | to specifically forbid using it for things like payroll
           | (actually, they might already forbid it but I'm not sure).
           | 
           | FedNow is good for basically everything: Payments between
           | individuals, employeers/employees, B2B, etc. More
           | importantly, the fees are so low it might as well be
           | considered free ($0.045/transfer) which is HUGE.
        
           | msla wrote:
           | > The expectation in the industry is that there will
           | eventually be interoperability between these systems
           | 
           | Why? Why would the companies presumably making good money
           | with Zelle interoperate with something that's stealing their
           | customers? It seems like there's no advantage for the entity
           | running Zelle to allow interoperability, and there might even
           | be ToS language preventing any bank or credit union currently
           | in Zelle from so much as moving towards FedNow.
        
         | finfrastrcuture wrote:
         | the entire reason FedNow exists is because (simplifying
         | somewhat) the large banks launched their own real-time payments
         | system (RTP through the Clearing House) and small banks in the
         | US lobbied the govt HARD to get a government option out of the
         | reasonable concern they would get squeezed by the majors.
         | 
         | nearly all banks in the US should support FedNow within the
         | next few years, if not much sooner, as it is seen as
         | tablestakes for most bankers.
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | It takes time for adoption. These were the early adopters, who
         | wanted to participate in the design and also be prepared from a
         | business standpoint to ready at launch. If it proves it's
         | worth, broader adoption will follow. Like anything else.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | This and IRS Tax filling all happening today. From an outsider
       | perspective the only two major thing left for US to fix is
       | Medical Cost and Public Transport.
        
       | 98codes wrote:
       | Zelle: Fuck
        
       | wtmt wrote:
       | This is a bit off topic for the post, but relevant for some of
       | the comments here.
       | 
       | For those who are commenting about payment systems in India and
       | comparing this to UPI (Unified Payments Interface), this is not
       | like UPI in a few ways.
       | 
       | Firstly, this is more closer to a faster version of RTGS (Real
       | Time Gross Settlement) in India, which is operated by the RBI
       | (Reserve Bank of India). Speaking from experience, RTGS in India
       | can take several minutes or even 20 minutes or longer, belying
       | the "real time" in its name (this is true even now). The FedNow
       | system is supposed to be real time (we'll soon know how well it
       | performs in comparison).
       | 
       | Secondly, UPI is a payments system by a consortium called NPCI
       | that's owned by private, public and foreign banks in India. It is
       | not owned by RBI. FedNow is owned by the Federal Reserve, and not
       | by a bunch of banks.
       | 
       | With both RTGS (and the slower batched transfer system called
       | NEFT) in India and FedNow in the US, the interbank settlement is
       | done via the central bank (RBI or Federal Reserve).
        
         | isignal wrote:
         | Another difference is the use of phone numbers and simple email
         | like identifiers in UPI. That doesn't seem to be part of FedNow
         | itself. What makes UPI very usable is that entering the phone
         | number or a simple UPI id brings up some metadata about the
         | person to confirm that the transfer target is accurate. In
         | FedNow such a layer has to be added by Zelle or similar layer
         | above, it appears.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | FedNow intends to support aliases such as phone number and
           | email identifiers in the near future.
        
           | umeshunni wrote:
           | Well, given that FedNow has nothing to do with UPI, per the
           | parent's comment, and it's about inter-bank settlement, it
           | makes sense for an application layer like Zelle to provide
           | that.
        
         | jschveibinz wrote:
         | To clarify, the Federal Reserve is owned by the 12 Federal
         | Reserve Regional Banks which are in turn "owned" (as in stock
         | that pays a dividend but can't be traded) by the commercial
         | banks in that region.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Can I transfer money now to entities that are not
       | Visa/Mastercard-linked? e.g. weed stores?
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | I don't think so. Cannabis businesses are still kept at arm's
         | length from banking due to federal law:
         | 
         | https://www.aba.com/advocacy/our-issues/cannabis
         | 
         | It looks like a recent proposal to fix this (the SAFE act) is
         | politically stalled:
         | 
         | https://www.politico.com/news/2023/07/14/weed-banking-safe-b...
        
       | efnx wrote:
       | Here in NZ you can do this with your bank. Just enter the
       | person's acct number and the amount to send in online banking.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | The working assumption (on the part of the US Federal Reserve)
         | is that eventually all/most US banks will use FedNow and offer
         | it to their customers (probably via mobile/online front-ends
         | developed and sold by B2B third parties).
         | 
         | We'll see if that actually happens.
        
       | lockhouse wrote:
       | My concern is that this is a trial run for an official CBDC that
       | will eventually replace cash.
        
         | mhovan wrote:
         | CBDC is a new acronym for me... For others like me: CBDC ==
         | Central Bank Digital Currency
         | 
         | https://www.federalreserve.gov/central-bank-digital-currency...
        
         | lavp wrote:
         | What is it about CBDCs you find concerning compared to cash?
        
           | lp0_on_fire wrote:
           | It's bad enough that banks have virtually unlimited insight
           | into my spending habits that we need to give the Feds the
           | same access. I should have the right to buy a big mac without
           | some government server getting pinged.
        
             | 1001101 wrote:
             | Another concern I have heard voiced is that CBCD could be
             | programmed - eg. you can't buy X, or you can only buy Y at
             | certain times, or for certain prices, etc. and has the
             | potential for reduced liberty vs. cash.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | It is called EBT and it already exists and the thing is
               | people demand this for welfare payments all the time.
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | It can also be programmed with an expiration date to
               | encourage you to spend it to stimulate the economy
               | instead of saving it.
        
               | prometheus76 wrote:
               | It could also be geofenced. Can't use your phone to buy
               | fireworks from out of state because it's illegal in your
               | state. Or you can only spend this money at a local store,
               | but not at a store in another town.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | How to get voted out of office immediately.
        
               | EdSharkey wrote:
               | You're placing a lot of faith in a system whose power
               | would have long-since been stolen from the people.
        
               | prometheus76 wrote:
               | Federal Reserve is not an elected office, nor is it a
               | government agency. The Federal Reserve is a private
               | organization.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | How will they protect us though unless they know the nature
             | of every transaction we participate in? Are you really
             | responsible enough to take care of yourself? A CBDC would
             | combine the best aspects of company scrips with those of
             | wartime ration tickets!
             | 
             | I think you should reconsider your stance.
        
               | SantalBlush wrote:
               | I don't think the government is trying to protect drug
               | dealers or tax evaders from themselves. You intentionally
               | chose a weak argument to fight against.
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | Thanks, I forgot about all the new taxes this technology
               | could enable. Why not put a tax on every private
               | transaction? Maybe have it increase the closer it gets to
               | the expiration date.
               | 
               | The amount of people rooting for big brother here on HN
               | lately is frankly terrifying.
        
               | SantalBlush wrote:
               | I'm not rooting for or against anything other than shitty
               | arguments. I come to this site to read smart takes, not
               | half-baked sarcastic nonsense. Based on what I'm reading,
               | maybe that's asking too much.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | I have so many problems in my personal life, and I don't
               | know how else they could be solved except for the
               | government to carefully micromanage that for me.
        
             | enstrangement wrote:
             | I doesn't give the Feds access to anything. Suppose I bank
             | at Wells Fargo and my favorite coffee shop banks at Capitol
             | One. If I pay the shop $4 for a latte, the fed will have NO
             | IDEA who sent that money to whom or for what. All the Fed
             | sees is $4 moving from the Wells to the Cap One Federal
             | Reserve master accounts -- amid a blizzard of millions of
             | other transactions. The difference from ACH is just that
             | these payments are settled in big batches rather than one
             | by one. The Fed will get new and better data on payment
             | volume, but that's all, really.
        
           | rvz wrote:
           | When the government does something unpopular against its own
           | people, they can easily quell protestors at scale and force
           | the usage of CBDC adoption by closing ATM withdrawals [0] add
           | savings limits [1] and can incentivise spending with an
           | expiring date. [2]
           | 
           | Whilst many HNers were celebrating UPI as the payment rails
           | from India, it is almost the same thing as FedNow and is
           | planning to put their own CBDC on UPI called E-RUPI [3]
           | taking all the same valid concerns that I have mentioned.
           | 
           | Do you _really_ want this?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.pymnts.com/cbdc/2022/nigeria-cuts-atm-cash-
           | withd...
           | 
           | [1] https://reclaimthenet.org/digital-euro-spending-saving-
           | limit...
           | 
           | [2] https://bfsi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/policy/dig
           | ita...
           | 
           | [3] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-e-
           | rupi-d...
        
           | djfobbz wrote:
           | For one, unlike cash, the issuing entity can program CBDC to
           | expire on a specific date unless utilized. Another horror use
           | case is that they could track and limit how many hamburgers
           | or pizzas you eat daily, weekly, monthly or yearly!
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kemotep wrote:
             | Why would the government program money to expire? Would the
             | money not become effectively worthless the closer to the
             | expiration date? Why would a business accept transactions
             | from people with money that's about to expire would that
             | then mean they would be giving away goods and services for
             | free potentially?
        
               | lockhouse wrote:
               | In theory you spending it would reset the expiration
               | date.
               | 
               | If you know your money will expire you will spend it,
               | thus stimulating the economy. We also can't have the
               | dirty proles save their way to a higher social class.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | Where are these theories of how a hypothetical future
               | CBDC come from? Is there an official announcement from
               | the Federal Reserve about how they would like it to work?
               | A committee hearing in Congress where this is discussed?
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/central-bank-digital-
               | cur...
        
               | scottiebarnes wrote:
               | The theories come from concerned critics mostly. As far
               | as I know there has been no discussion as to how the
               | government might influence the functionality of a CBDC.
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | "You could have a potentially [...] darker world where
               | the government decides that units of central bank money
               | can be used to purchase some things, but not other things
               | that it deems less desirable like say ammunition, or
               | drugs, or pornography, or something of the sort"
               | 
               | Eswar Prasad, WEF Annual Meeting of the New Champions,
               | June 2023
        
               | DANmode wrote:
               | https://sociable.co/government-and-policy/governments-
               | progra...
               | 
               | The above has some chatter about non-US nations exploring
               | the expiry/programmability aspects.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I don't get it. The government could just ban the things
               | it doesn't want instead.
               | 
               | Also, nothing stops people from buying the goods in
               | question by using a payment service provider/bank that
               | provides a layer on top of the CDBC and automatically
               | circulates the money for you behind the scenes to avoid
               | the expiry.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | There are easy ways to get around this. This isn't
               | actually practical to implement. You could just buy and
               | sell stocks within a second.
               | 
               | > We also can't have the dirty proles save their way to a
               | higher social class.
               | 
               | I don't know what you mean by this. Rich people spend
               | their money at a slower rate than poor people so the rich
               | would be disproportionately impacted by this. Someone
               | living paycheck to paycheck isn't going to have much
               | money that can expire to begin with.
        
               | Tyr42 wrote:
               | I think Japan did try this, as they really wanted people
               | to spe d, vs save.
        
               | oaththrowaway wrote:
               | I assume that the TTL of the money would reset once it
               | has changed hands
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The TTL would have to reset at awkward points. Like
               | paying out salaries otherwise you could just wash trade
               | the TTL away.
               | 
               | I just don't see how this is realistic. It is basically
               | impossible to enforce.
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | If you are assuming how a hypothetical future currency
               | will work then we could easily assume exactly the
               | opposite and the money would be destroyed by a set date
               | to maintain some stable rate of deflation. Do you have
               | evidence that a time to live for a currency is being
               | considered by the Federal Reserve and US government?
        
               | oaththrowaway wrote:
               | No, but I have plenty of evidence to suggest that the US
               | government doesn't have our best interests at heart...
        
               | kemotep wrote:
               | That's fair enough. Ostensibly the government of any
               | country should be accountable to the people but history
               | shows that cannot be counted on.
               | 
               | As convenient as Apple Pay is, I would not vote for a
               | cashless system. I am just confused that very specific
               | ideas of how this hypothetical system is going to work
               | and am not sure where these come from or why it has to
               | work the way people say and not in a more accountable
               | less abusive manner. Expiring money seems patently absurd
               | so why a central bank would consider it seems so
               | outlandish to me at least.
        
               | el-salvador wrote:
               | > Expiring money seems patently absurd so why a central
               | bank would consider it seems so outlandish to me at
               | least.
               | 
               | Some countries, like Costa Rica, do this with cash, but
               | with a much longer timeframe. Every 10 years or so they
               | launch new banknote designs, and the old ones are
               | gradually removed from circulation, until can only be
               | exchanged at the banks and eventually lose their value by
               | becoming "demonetized".
        
               | ellisv wrote:
               | I assume it would accelerate.
        
               | wtmt wrote:
               | The government could issue money that can be tied to a
               | specific purpose (allowed to be spent with specific
               | merchants or establishments) and have a time limit. Think
               | of the COVID-19 assistance that was given to people. If
               | -- instead of just transferring normal money into
               | people's accounts that allowed people to do whatever they
               | wanted with it whenever they wanted and wherever they
               | wanted - the government could force recipients to spend
               | it across certain things and not others, and gave a
               | deadline to move the money around, would that be
               | something that's in the best interests of the receiver?
               | By expiring money or by applying negative interest rates,
               | the government can offload its burden on to the people
               | who hold and have to use this money.
        
             | sidpatil wrote:
             | > For one, unlike cash, the issuing entity can program CBDC
             | to expire on a specific date unless utilized.
             | 
             | The idea isn't new.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Gesell
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | He merely suggested a small fee though. 5.1% per year and
               | only on cash, not some CDBC with privacy concerns. If you
               | keep your money on savings accounts you wouldn't pay
               | anything. If the economy is growing you would get paid
               | interest. If the economy is declining you might pay
               | negative interest.
               | 
               | This is different from a coupon that expires instantly.
               | That is a terrible idea. Don't do this.
               | 
               | Also, the idea of demurrage currencies is to replace the
               | devaluation via inflation with a nominal fee so it is
               | possible that in countries with high inflation rates, the
               | new currency would end up losing less value over time
               | simply because it maintains price stability easily.
               | 
               | Edit: btw. His theory is dated in the sense that Keynes
               | and Dieter Suhr have an updated interpretation. With a
               | hint of Fisher Black you are going to get one of the most
               | interesting economic theories that can explain most of
               | the suffering in the world based on very few assumptions.
               | The money and land reform policy proposals still remain
               | relevant today.
        
               | realce wrote:
               | Many ideas aren't new, but that doesn't mean they're
               | government policy.
        
           | OGWhales wrote:
           | Cash can be spent without being monitored or blocked.
           | 
           | A recent example of how this might be relevant is with the
           | protests in Canada that lead to the freezing of the
           | protesters' bank accounts by the government. While I don't
           | agree with the protesters, the idea of the government
           | freezing their accounts is alarming. After seeing such
           | control exercised, it's hard to be excited about a cashless
           | society.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | This feels like a boat that sailed long ago. I don't know
             | anyone using cash for anything more than small incidental
             | purchases, I'd say it's generally impossible to structure
             | you life around using Cash at a large scale.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | >replace cash
         | 
         | That is the most important concern. Not even crypto can beat
         | cash for convenience and anonymity.
         | 
         | But having a way to transfer money outside of large
         | corporations and instead through a government regulated service
         | is a good thing.
        
           | landemva wrote:
           | It makes me question why we allow government to be in charge
           | of our money, and the price of money (interest rate meddling
           | by govt contractor federalreserve). I suppose we grow up with
           | it and don't question it.
        
             | comte7092 wrote:
             | Go ahead and question it. What do you think is a reasonable
             | alternative? Actually game it out.
             | 
             | Money wasn't always the sole dominion of government. There
             | is a reason we've ended up at this point. I find it to be
             | entirely reasonable.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | We have independent central banks because we don't want the
             | "government" (I mean politicians) to control our money.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | The Federal Reserve sets the interest rate that it loans
             | money at. You are free to loan money to anyone at a lower
             | rate if you wish.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | I mean, that is true in the same way that if I want to
               | create some shrutebucks and loan them out at the schrute
               | reserve rate you are also free to loan out shrutebucks at
               | whatever rate you want.
               | 
               | The fed may have a _small_ advantage you are willfully
               | overlooking.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | If we believe neoclassical theory then if the fed sets
               | the rate too high we get deflation and if the fed sets
               | the interest rate too low we will get inflation and we
               | will get those things very quickly with very little
               | delay. This means that the policy rate would have to
               | mirror whatever the optimal market rate is.
               | 
               | If we accept some minor inflation, then the fed is always
               | setting the rate a bit too low rather than too high.
               | 
               | In other words. Whatever the Fed does, it is mostly
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | On the other hand, if there is actually some leeway and
               | elasticity then monetary policy can actually result in
               | increases in economic welfare. In this scenario we want
               | to see some utilitarian meddling.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | >It makes me question why we allow government to be in
             | charge of our money
             | 
             | This isn't true. Private currencies exist(ed) and are afaik
             | still legal.
             | 
             | The reason we put governments in charge of our money is
             | that up until about a decade ago it was either the
             | government or a corporation as a decentralizes currency was
             | not really implementable. Do you want to get paid in amazon
             | coins only redeemable on amazon? No, you do not.
             | 
             | >interest rate meddling by govt contractor federalreserve
             | 
             | You _need_ to do that. Any currency needs some mechanism to
             | control issuing. If not the government who else could do
             | that?
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > This isn't true. Private currencies exist(ed) and are
               | afaik still legal.
               | 
               | For most of my life, those were ancient history or
               | theoretical. Then in 2009, something changed.
               | 
               | And ever since then, I've seen nothing less than the most
               | zealous propaganda campaign to undermine those... it's
               | bizarre to watch it unfold. I keep side-eyeing everyone,
               | wondering if I'm the only one that sees it. Sure, it
               | doesn't help that the cryptocurrency people are whackjobs
               | that might have screwed it all up without any outside
               | help. But I guess they couldn't trusted to do that, so
               | the help was provided.
               | 
               | Saying that it's "legal" doesn't change the fact that if
               | someone were to come up with a private currency, gigantic
               | forces, government and not, would be arrayed against them
               | to put an end to it.
               | 
               | > Any currency needs some mechanism to control issuing.
               | If not the government who else could do that?
               | 
               | I think the implication here is: who could be trusted to
               | do it in a way that doesn't favor some at the expense of
               | others?
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >Saying that it's "legal" doesn't change the fact that if
               | someone were to come up with a private currency, gigantic
               | forces, government and not, would be arrayed against them
               | to put an end to it.
               | 
               | Thousands of private currencies exist _right now_.
               | 
               | Nobody would care about your currency, since it is
               | useless, and as such worthless. A centralized currency is
               | an enormous _social_ asset. Nobody _wants_ private
               | currencies.
               | 
               | >who could be trusted to do it in a way that doesn't
               | favor some at the expense of others?
               | 
               | Just try to imagine a currency controlled by amazon. Do
               | you think they won't do some hyperinflation making you
               | poor once a decade?
               | 
               | The controller of a currency has enormous power. If the
               | government can't handle it nobody can.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > Just try to imagine a currency controlled by amazon. Do
               | you think they won't do some hyperinflation making you
               | poor once a decade?
               | 
               | Do you think that the US government and the fed don't do
               | this? You don't see it, of course, because they also
               | report the numbers you use to decide if there is
               | inflation.
               | 
               | And who says that it has to be controlled at all, in the
               | sense that some singular entity controls it, rather than
               | an algorithm?
               | 
               | > The controller of a currency has enormous power.
               | 
               | Yeh, and it's no less a problem when it's the government
               | rather than Amazon.
               | 
               | > If the government can't handle it nobody can.
               | 
               | That's always been my point.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | >Do you think that the US government and the fed don't do
               | this? You don't see it, of course, because they also
               | report the numbers you use to decide if there is
               | inflation.
               | 
               | Inflation is an _objective measure_ it is the price
               | increase for a certain basket of goods. Yes, you can fake
               | it to a certain extent, but this is true for everything.
               | 
               | >You don't see it, of course
               | 
               | What? That is totally false. Inflation is one of the
               | easiest metrics to spot.
               | 
               | >And who says that it has to be controlled at all, in the
               | sense that some singular entity controls it, rather than
               | an algorithm?
               | 
               | Practicality. Either the algorithm is extremely simple
               | (BTC) or you will ruin your economy.
               | 
               | >Yeh, and it's no less a problem when it's the government
               | rather than Amazon.
               | 
               | Total nonsense.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | I have thought about building an algorithmic stable coin
               | kind of like RAI but the problem is that actually
               | defining and measuring a price level is the hard part.
        
               | constantcrying wrote:
               | Doing that on a nation state level means betting your
               | economy on the algorithm always working correctly.
               | 
               | You also have to be resilient to attacks on your currency
               | and an algorithm gives your oppponent certainty on how
               | you will react. You _need_ human control at some point.
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Because it enables monetary policy which is in large part
             | responsible for the most successful economic century in
             | human history. Why do you think the "natural" interest rate
             | is better than the feds?
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | Because you get bombed if you don't accept it. There's no
             | "we have allowed", it is "they have imposed", and you and I
             | were born into a slave system. Thank God there are ways to
             | escape, such as crypto and foreign accounts.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | The ban on bearer bonds should be repealed. People worry
           | about cash because it is the only legal option left.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | FedNow is a replacement for ACH which is an ancient, creaking
         | monstrosity. If we can't ever replace or fix old, busted
         | infrastructure because of conspiratorial rambling, we are
         | fucked as a civilization.
        
           | WeylandYutani wrote:
           | What has government ever done for us?
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/Qc7HmhrgTuQ
        
           | lockhouse wrote:
           | I've seen a lot of crazy conspiracy theories reveal
           | themselves to be true in the past five years.
           | 
           | Apply some critical thinking on this. Governments and
           | corporate elites worldwide are salivating over the level of
           | surveillance and control that a CBDC will enable.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Possibly so, but an instant payment system is not a CBDC,
             | and I don't see how keeping bank account transfers
             | slow/impossible to initiate for individuals (as seems to be
             | the case for ACH credit transfers) would help against
             | pervasive government surveillance.
             | 
             | ACH and even check clearing are already largely performed
             | by the Fed today!
        
             | the-dude wrote:
             | Which crazy conspiracy theories are you referring to? I am
             | applying some critical thinking here.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | The NSA monitoring any and all electronic communications
               | (foreign and domestic) that they can get their hands on,
               | without a warrant.
               | 
               | The federal government cutting off financial services for
               | legal but disliked industries such as the gun industry
               | (see the Obama admin's Operation Chokepoint).
               | 
               | The Canadian government freezing the bank accounts of
               | those who supported the trucker protest.
               | 
               | Not directly related to finances or electronic
               | surveillance, but some government fuckery greatest hits
               | that actually happened:
               | 
               | - Kidnapping hobos and force feeding them LSD
               | 
               | - Intentionally infecting people (mostly black) with
               | syphilis
               | 
               | - Feeding irradiated oatmeal to mentally handicapped
               | children
               | 
               | - Obama personally ordering the execution of an American
               | citizen without trial and having the military carry it
               | out (and killing the target's 16-year old American
               | citizen son as well)
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | > The NSA monitoring any and all electronic
               | communications (foreign and domestic) ...
               | 
               | Not revealed in the last 5 years.
               | 
               | > The federal government cutting off financial services
               | for ...
               | 
               | Not revealed in the last 5 years. Was this subject of an
               | actual conspiracy theory?
               | 
               | > The Canadian government freezing the bank accounts of
               | those who supported the trucker protest.
               | 
               | At least this is within 5 years. I can't judge if this
               | was an actual conspiracy theory or not ( I don't think so
               | ).
               | 
               | > - Kidnapping hobos and force feeding them LSD
               | 
               | > - Intentionally infecting people (mostly black) with
               | syphilis
               | 
               | > - Feeding irradiated oatmeal to mentally handicapped
               | children
               | 
               | > - Obama personally ordering the execution of an
               | American citizen ...
               | 
               | All of those AFAIK not revealed in the last 5 years.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | I'm writing this post for whoever is interested, so
               | please don't take it as specifically directed towards
               | you.
               | 
               | People who doubt the government and especially the fiat
               | monetary system usually end up as "gold bugs", they start
               | preparing for financial collapse by purchasing physical
               | gold. Before the 2008 financial crisis, I was involved in
               | gold circles online and everybody there knew a huge
               | crisis was coming and they were buying as much gold as
               | they could. Now, the price of physical gold (and many
               | other commodities) are determined by the prices on the
               | Comex futures exchange, which are under the control of an
               | oligarchy of big banks.
               | 
               | During the financial crisis and the years after, most
               | gold traders and gold bugs noticed that the gold price
               | would drop every day about 09:00 on the New York Spot
               | market, and everybody was talking about how the big banks
               | were illicitly manipulating the gold price to try to keep
               | it down. Of course this talk was dismissed by uninvolved
               | as loony conspiracy theories, together with every other
               | insulting and dismissing adjective that commenters here
               | are so fond of.
               | 
               | But it turned out that the conspiracy was true, and in
               | 2022 a couple of the bankers' fall guys were sentenced,
               | and JP Morgan agreed to pay $920 million in fines[1]:
               | 
               | "The evidence at trial showed that between approximately
               | May 2008 and August 2016, the defendants, along with
               | other traders on the JPMorgan precious metals desk,
               | engaged in a widespread spoofing, market manipulation,
               | and fraud scheme. The defendants placed orders that they
               | intended to cancel before execution in order to drive
               | prices on orders they intended to execute on the opposite
               | side of the market. The defendants engaged in thousands
               | of deceptive trading sequences for gold, silver,
               | platinum, and palladium futures contracts traded through
               | the New York Mercantile Exchange Inc. (NYMEX) and
               | Commodity Exchange Inc. (COMEX), which are commodities
               | exchanges operated by CME Group Inc."
               | 
               | [1] https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/former-jp-morgan-
               | traders-conv...
               | 
               | The same things are going on all the time, sometimes the
               | perpetrators are banking giants, sometimes the government
               | or parts of government, sometimes tech giants, sometimes
               | it's all of them together, sometimes other perpetrators.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | My first two rules of investing are:
               | 
               | #1 Don't bet more than you're willing to lose.
               | 
               | #2 The market can stay irrational longer than you can
               | stay solvent.
               | 
               | These are widely known and I make no claims of
               | originality. However, your story about gold market
               | manipulation brings up a corollary to my #2 rule that I
               | do take credit for: Never underestimate the extent to
               | which governments and other vested interests will go to
               | in order to keep markets irrational for as long as
               | possible.
        
               | EdSharkey wrote:
               | I cannot abide. What is your point? That the last 5 years
               | have seen _fewer_ true conspiracies and clownish
               | gaslightings? Are you quibbling over the number 5 or
               | something?
        
               | realce wrote:
               | "The diabolical criminals in power have done everything
               | you say, but I quibble about the timeline you spoke of"
               | is not a dunk like you might think.
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | Ah so we are fucked as a civilization.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | > I've seen a lot of crazy conspiracy theories reveal
             | themselves to be true in the past five years.
             | 
             | Such as what?
             | 
             | >Apply some critical thinking on this. Governments and
             | corporate elites worldwide are salivating over the level of
             | surveillance and control that a CBDC will enable.
             | 
             | How is this any different from the current system? Your
             | cash is 99% digital anyway with basically every transaction
             | completely monitor-able to the Feds under the right
             | circumstances. Don't see how this situation would change
             | much.
        
               | anononaut wrote:
               | The principle difference is that CBDC is programmable
               | rather than just digital. We aren't expressing concerns
               | over a digital currency, but rather the degree to which a
               | nefarious govt will have control over it.
        
             | anthonypasq wrote:
             | feel free to only use cash for everything
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | And by not availing convenience of FedNow, one can stop
             | government in tracks.
        
         | hiatus wrote:
         | I read remarks where Yellen said explicitly that if FedNow
         | works, they won't need a CBDC. I'll try to dig that up.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | If a country's government really wants to get rid of a lot of
         | large cash transactions, they could phase out some paper money
         | like India (no cryptocurrency required) but in the US it
         | doesn't seem very likely?
         | 
         | Most money in the US already consists of electronic records in
         | banks. Making bank transfers work better is fairly orthogonal
         | to whether ATM's work and retailers accept cash.
        
         | yehosef wrote:
         | this is what it is.
        
         | codyb wrote:
         | I wouldn't worry too much about replacing the US Dollar
         | entirely. We're pretty slow even to get rid of the penny. The
         | US Dollar has a _lot_ of fans, I'm certainly one of them.
        
       | deathanatos wrote:
       | From the FAQ,
       | 
       | > _No. There is no FedNow app. The Federal Reserve does not
       | provide payment services directly to consumers and businesses.
       | Banks and credit unions can provide their customers with access
       | to instant payments through new features_
       | 
       | See y'all in another 25 years, when banks get around to
       | implementing this.
        
       | HoyaSaxa wrote:
       | For those curious, it is really using IBM MQ[1] under the hood
       | and uses a bespoke flavor of the ISO 20022 specification.
       | 
       | The FedNow Service itself is the tip of the iceberg in terms of
       | what actually happens from an end-to-end perspective.
       | 
       | We've been working to become a Certified Service Provider so feel
       | free to ask me anything. I'm happy to share anything that is not
       | under NDA.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ibm.com/products/mq
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | Super curious, were you involved in the implementation of
         | ISO20022 from software perspective or were you more on the
         | hardware end? Asking because naturally entire banking in US is
         | kinda waiting to see hows its implementation going to turn out
         | ( for non-fednow payments ).
        
           | HoyaSaxa wrote:
           | Software side
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Is the eventual end-game that I can send money from my account
         | at Bank A, to a friend's account at Bank B to split a check at
         | dinner without using a third party like Venmo?
        
           | mattsan wrote:
           | I had to read this twice - is it really not like in the UK?
           | Is this the first US implementation of "Faster Payments"?
           | Sure people in the UK sometimes use PayPal, Revolut, but most
           | of the time its always just a friend gives (and you save on
           | your banking app) their bank account number and sort code,
           | and you instantly send it across.
        
             | cj wrote:
             | I can think of 0 occasions where I've given anyone my bank
             | account info who isn't a commercial organization (employer,
             | electric company, etc).
             | 
             | I had no idea it was the opposite in the UK.
             | 
             | Edit: with the exception of writing physical checks, of
             | course. I use those when the receiver doesn't accept Venmo
             | or Apple Pay.
        
               | grepfru_it wrote:
               | I am currently disputing an international payment and
               | wire transfer (or walking/driving my happy ass to their
               | office and paying cash) is the only method allowed by the
               | lawyer representing me. That's at least one occasion you
               | are not accounting for (a foreign entity that needs the
               | equivalent of cash to proceed)
        
             | kylehotchkiss wrote:
             | No, Wire Transfers have been the official fast settlement
             | method in US for a while. They have a fixed fee associated
             | but given the larger transaction amounts that people
             | generally use it for, it's not a bad thing. Everyday
             | consumers have their silly apps for money transfer (PayPal,
             | Cash app, iMessage Cash). Other than that, people are just
             | used to transactions taking 2-3 days and over drafting
             | because they made another payment and forgot about it. Yay,
             | ACH!
        
             | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
             | The UK and Ireland have identical banking codes (six-digit
             | sort code & eight-digit account number) and constructed
             | IBANs the same way (BIC, sort code, account number), but
             | Ireland switched to using IBANs domestically, while the UK
             | didn't. That means that you in the UK need one interface
             | for domestic payments and a different interface for SEPA
             | payments, while we use the same for both.
        
           | keenmaster wrote:
           | Not OP, but I thought FedNow will do this on day one for
           | participating banks. Someone correct me if I'm wrong. FedNow
           | will also settle faster than Venmo currently does (unless you
           | pay for Venmo's instant settlement) because it's
           | instantaneous. To be fair to Venmo, their bottleneck was
           | precisely the lack of FedNow. I assume Venmo will make
           | instant settlement free. But they will need to add more
           | features now that people might substitute with FedNow.
           | Anyway, this is a big deal for Americans and was a long time
           | coming.
        
           | HoyaSaxa wrote:
           | Yes, that is absolutely a use case. Similar to Venmo, there
           | is also a Request for Payment (RFP) mechanism. I'm on the
           | Request for Payment (RFP) Work Group that is composed of a
           | number of financial institutions, service providers, and
           | billers.
           | 
           | Netflix is part of the RFP Work Group. So presumably they are
           | interested in offering consumers the ability to pay for
           | Netflix using FedNow instead of a credit card. Instead of
           | Netflix paying ~$0.50 in credit card processing fees per U.S.
           | subscription they'll probably be able to find a bank willing
           | to charge them < $0.25. It also gives consumers more control
           | as they have to authorize each charge.
        
             | govg wrote:
             | Have you looked at other systems across the world for
             | inspiration / design choices, and if so, could you
             | elaborate on how this system compares? For example, the use
             | case mentioned is probably the prime use case for UPI in
             | India, which has now been extended to become a full fledged
             | payment network alongside CC networks etc.
        
             | ke88y wrote:
             | _> they 'll probably be able to find a bank willing to
             | charge them < $0.25_
             | 
             | I guess that includes some very small values, but the upper
             | bound seems ridiculously high.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | > _So presumably they are interested in offering consumers
             | the ability to pay for Netflix using FedNow instead of a
             | credit card._
             | 
             | I do wonder how stuff like this will shake out. I will use
             | a credit card, always, with any vendor that doesn't pass
             | along credit card fees to the customer in some way. (Why
             | would I choose otherwise? The credit card gives me rewards,
             | and better fraud protection.)
             | 
             | But more and more, I see companies charging "convenience
             | fees" for credit card usage or offering "discounts" for
             | cash/debit. Hell, T-Mobile just started requiring you not
             | use a credit card to get their $5/mo autopay discount.
             | 
             | So this is all cool (and perhaps would make it easier for
             | people who don't have a credit card to pay for Netflix),
             | but I don't see why I'd use anything but a credit card to
             | pay for my Netflix subscription, unless they offer
             | discounts for using FedNow. Which... they probably won't?
        
               | LadyCailin wrote:
               | Credit card fees that aren't passed through to you are a
               | bit tragedy of the commons. Probably good for them to go
               | away. It's fine if you choose to pay them, and it's still
               | worth it to you, but otherwise you're forcing everyone
               | around you to subsidize your credit card rewards. That's
               | not fair.
        
               | oorza wrote:
               | Alternatively, everyone not taking advantage of the
               | credit card protections isn't taking advantage of what's
               | offered around them. Everyone should be subsidizing
               | everyone else, because no one should be using a debit
               | card to make direct consumer purchases in 2023. It's too
               | fraught with risk comparatively, and even the scummiest
               | of the sub-prime credit cards give you a grace period to
               | not accrue interest.
        
         | aeyes wrote:
         | Is there anything special about the IBM MQ implementation which
         | makes it worth naming them? It looks like you can connect to it
         | using AMQP so I wonder why they wouldn't just say something
         | generic like "MQ" or "AMQP protocol".
        
           | smarx007 wrote:
           | I assume IBM Message Queue Interface (MQI) is the only
           | supported protocol in this installation. Don't know of any
           | other compatible brokers to support MQI.
           | 
           | Edit: "The FedNow Service will initially leverage IBM(r) MQ
           | MQi Client for the payment message flows." according to
           | https://www.frbservices.org/financial-
           | services/fednow/blog/a...
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Last time, a decade ago, I played with RabbitMQ and similar
           | open source queue system they didn't handle congestion and
           | rate limitation well (crashed). From my little experience
           | with classical IBM systems like MQ they knew about that
           | stuff.
        
             | sjdmdlakziggy wrote:
             | I spent a couple years deploying and integrating IBM MQ,
             | and I own a couple of services currently that interact with
             | it. It was (just a couple years ago) and probably still is
             | better than current open source solutions, as long as you
             | weren't planning on forking the code for some very specific
             | use case that requires heavy modification, or the more
             | likely situation of just wanting to save money.
             | 
             | As far as message queues go for something like the federal
             | reserve, IBM MQ is really the only option that wouldn't
             | raise a lot of eyebrows in the industry. The Fed is not the
             | kind of institution that I think people would be lenient on
             | for being open and innovative with their software
             | solutions, banks really need to know that this thing is
             | going to work and they all run IBM MQ themselves already.
             | 
             | This really isn't a surprise to anybody that has spent much
             | time programming for banks or payment processors.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | _> I 'm happy to share anything that is not under NDA._
         | 
         | Meta-questions that you quite possibly can't answer: broadly
         | speaking, what parts of this system are under NDA? Why would
         | any part of this system be under NDA? Did any government
         | agencies impose the NDA, or was it private companies? Is the
         | NDA intended to protect those running the system, or is it
         | intended to protect those using the system (IOW, is it security
         | by obscurity)?
        
           | phdelightful wrote:
           | In my line of US government coding (no relationship with this
           | project), NDA is orthogonal to security. NDA is used to
           | protect confidential vendor information. For example: that
           | they have a contract with the government at all (in the case
           | of a stealth startup), specific technical capabilities they
           | don't want broadcast to their competitors, the size of the
           | contract vs. committed resources, etc
        
           | HoyaSaxa wrote:
           | Basically everything that is not publicly documented on the
           | Federal Reserve's website. Unfortunately, it is really common
           | in the financial services space to overuse a NDA. Things like
           | specific fraud safeguards, hardware information, network
           | diagrams, etc. are all under NDA.
        
         | Ao7bei3s wrote:
         | What does a development environment look like, both
         | architecturally and simply visually?
         | 
         | Like: Do developers spin up entire fake economies with two
         | banks and the fed on their latop, or is it all incremental
         | changes to individual microservices in a big permanent test
         | setup? Do other banks / service providers / the fed run test
         | instances of their systems with fake money for other companies
         | to do interop with, like a "global test financial network", or
         | do you generally test with "real" money?
         | 
         | What do you see on your screen in day to day developer live?
         | Are there like dummy online banking web interfaces? Or is it
         | all text logs?
         | 
         | Is it just normal software development like anywhere else, or
         | is there anything that really sets it apart in terms of
         | developer workflow?
        
           | Frummy wrote:
           | In front of your eyes: TSO-ISPF for everything. IDz for the 5
           | seconds per month that code is actually written
           | 
           | Test env: Separate permanent envs. From playground where
           | nothing matters, env with some fake data in similar databases
           | and variants of all systems, to mirror of prod with
           | anonymised data, then prod
           | 
           | There are dummy online banking web interfaces
           | 
           | What sets it apart is that the operating system is painful to
           | use and never stops being painful to use. And your employer
           | is paranoid and keeps you in a digital prison for security so
           | very few permissions so there is no creativity or off-road
           | improvisational innovation just assemblyline style
           | development
        
           | hathawsh wrote:
           | Once the service provider is connected to the Fed (a somewhat
           | complex process), it's normal software development. The
           | client uses either MQI or JMS to send and receive messages;
           | the messages are essentially ISO20022 XML. The development
           | environment could be anything (any OS, any IDE). You
           | interface those messages with your system of accounts. The
           | Fed also provides a simple web UI and a testing network where
           | you can test with other participants and run regression
           | tests.
           | 
           | From a software development perspective, it's really quite
           | normal.
        
         | ccleve wrote:
         | Tell us as much as you can about the tech stack. What is going
         | to be able to handle truly massive volumes of transactions?
         | Database, hardware, communications channels, programming lang,
         | everything.
        
           | HoyaSaxa wrote:
           | Not trying to side-step the question, but The FedNow Service
           | Technical Overview and Planning Guide[1] goes into depth on
           | what is not under NDA.
           | 
           | [1] https://explore.fednow.org/resources/technical-overview-
           | guid...
        
             | ericpauley wrote:
             | I'm no expert on this so this is pure speculation, but what
             | immediately jumps out from this document is the amount of
             | security- and availability-critical work that depends on
             | each member bank. With wire transfers this has historically
             | been achieved by gating transfers behind physically
             | visiting a branch (not universally true). The synchronous
             | nature (recipient must confirm transaction in real-time) of
             | transfers may also cause annoying failures when recipient
             | banks do maintenance or something at inconvenient times.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | CobrastanJorji wrote:
             | Why would any of it be under an NDA?
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | At the very least, one would hope that credentials and
               | perhaps also certain design documents such as threat
               | models aren't public.
               | 
               | There may also be implementation details or code which
               | are subject to NDA, either from the Fed itself or from
               | service providers such as IBM in this case. Sometimes you
               | can get that info from a FOIA request, but that doesn't
               | negate the fact that the employees working on the system
               | are bound by an NDA. The FOIA has to happen and run its
               | course.
        
               | seany wrote:
               | > threat models
               | 
               | This is exactly the thing you _shouldn't_ put under NDA.
               | What on earth?
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | guess -- knowing the currently discussed threat models is
               | a competitive advantage for the dozen fintech security
               | firms that are in on this, and a "moat" against the other
               | four hundred fintech security firms that are frantically
               | trying to find a way to get inside this obviously well-
               | funded Big Gov project.
        
               | rkagerer wrote:
               | _certain design documents such as threat models aren 't
               | public_
               | 
               | That smells like security through obscurity (which
               | admittedly is the status quo in the banking world).
               | 
               | Contrasted to approaches like Bitcoin, for which full
               | code and whitepaper are public, and which has managed to
               | survive every attack vector thrown at it for the last
               | decade and a half. Not arguing for Bitcoin as money here,
               | just highlighting the diverse approaches to security and
               | that it shouldn't be taken as a given that hiding those
               | details makes it more secure.
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | LOL what? Keeping private keys private is not "security
               | through obscurity". Or if it is then basically all
               | security is security through obscurity.
               | 
               | No one is posting their private keys on github, and when
               | they do their crypto goes poof nearly instantly. None of
               | the exchanges publish their threat model documents. I
               | sure as shit don't tell people where I store my private
               | keys.
               | 
               | The bitcoin whitepaper and code are more analogous to the
               | ISO standard, which is public.
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | I must have missed something. Wasn't the person you
               | replied to talking about design documents? I don't think
               | they suggested credentials like private keys should be
               | public.
        
               | CobrastanJorji wrote:
               | I'm not sure "don't give out the private keys" is the
               | sort of thing that needs a special contractual agreement.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | That is exactly that kind of thing that needs to be in a
               | contract. When someone inevitably shares private keys and
               | it results in some kind of financial loss ... who is
               | responsible for the damages? Contracts codify the
               | liability if it isn't otherwise defined by statute.
        
               | mfer wrote:
               | Security is one good reason.
               | 
               | Fraud and people trying to mess with the system has been
               | a long term problem and likely always will be. The
               | results of which can hurt people. Keeping details private
               | can make it more difficult for those folks.
               | 
               | If we try to prioritize goals of a system like this...
               | security for people should be one of the highest. I think
               | of the middle income single parent when I envision an
               | example of a person in this system.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | What is innovative and/or well engineered there? Could any bank
         | or financial institution connect seamlessly with the system?
         | How does it handle security keys, transparency, and transaction
         | log duration?
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Do you call those things "innovative"?
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Does this end the T + 2day ridiculousness? It should be T +
         | 1millisecond at worst. What does it take to update 2 "balance"
         | values in databases?
        
           | zeroxfe wrote:
           | T + 2day is ridiculous. T + 1ms is also ridiculous (speed of
           | light and all.)
        
             | semiquaver wrote:
             | Apologies if I've misunderstood you (edit: I have) but
             | assuming you are saying that 1ms to transfer funds between
             | banks is ridiculously slow, why do you say that?
             | 
             | Light travels about 300km in one millisecond in a vacuum,
             | about 200km in optical fiber. The best achievable
             | theoretical fiber optic RTT for NYC-LA is about 35-40ms. In
             | practice 65ms+ is more realistic due to routing overhead
             | and the fact that cables aren't always laid in a great
             | circle. This being a financial API with three parties
             | involved in most transactions (the two banks and the fed
             | clearinghouse) there is sure to be more than one round trip
             | involved for TLS establishment, authentication,
             | verification of funds and account availability etc, many of
             | which involve traversing many inevitably complicated
             | systems on each side. It would shock me if such a system
             | could realistically target anything less than 500ms P50.
        
               | pyrelight wrote:
               | This is the most hacker news conversation ever.
        
               | pksohn wrote:
               | I believe the comment you replied to was suggesting that
               | 1ms is infeasibly fast.
        
               | semiquaver wrote:
               | Ah, thanks! In that case feel free to interpret my reply
               | as intended for GP.
        
             | j16sdiz wrote:
             | Some transactions can be rolled back asynchronously.
             | 
             | There are physical bank note, database from different
             | system in trust or untrusted parties that need to be cross
             | checked and reconsolidated
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | Not sure it's even useful to call it a "transaction" at
               | that point, since nothing has been transacted. It feels
               | like the difference between updating a value in-memory
               | and committing a value to the database. Maybe you can
               | hide the latency, but that hasn't removed the need to
               | actually do the transaction, eventually, and now you have
               | the added problem of managing consistency.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > What does it take to update 2 "balance" values in
           | databases?
           | 
           | Quite a bit more than you seem to think.
           | 
           | https://engineering.gusto.com/how-ach-works-a-developer-
           | pers...
        
             | abbusfoflouotne wrote:
             | This was super helpful, I have always wondered how this all
             | worked
        
           | smarx007 wrote:
           | The PDF linked in the thread [1] specifies T+20s or no
           | settlement.
           | 
           | [1]: https://explore.fednow.org/resources/technical-overview-
           | guid...
        
           | HoyaSaxa wrote:
           | TLDR: Nearly all payments will irrefutably settle within a
           | handful of seconds
           | 
           | Strictly speaking the primary means in which money moves in
           | the United States from a volume perspective is ACH today.
           | That system is a T+1 day from a default perspective, but it
           | has offered the option to same-day settle during a handful of
           | batches throughout a business day. However, ACH is not
           | irrefutable and so it is common to have holds associated with
           | this movement of money.
           | 
           | FedNow is truly 24/7/365 and push only.
           | 
           | All payment flows are subject to an end-to-end payment
           | timeout clock of 20 seconds, starting from the creation
           | timestamp to the point at which the recipient FI (almost
           | always really a Service Provider on their behalf) sends a
           | formal response that they intend to accept or reject the
           | message.
           | 
           | An accepted payment must then be posted to the receiving
           | account "as soon as practicable, but no longer than a few
           | seconds" unless there are compliance/fraud concerns.
           | 
           | In practice, it should rarely take 23 seconds and will likely
           | take 1-5 seconds from an end-to-end perspective depending on
           | the processing speed of the originator, receiver and FedNow
           | Service itself.
        
             | 88913527 wrote:
             | Couldn't having payments settle so quickly result in
             | increased risk of overall system instability? I don't have
             | a specific example, but I'm thinking of things like bank
             | run panics. I'm sure this sort of thing would have been
             | considered, however.
        
               | Narkov wrote:
               | You must remember, the US is very late to the "instant"
               | payment party. This isn't a groundbreaking development.
        
               | HoyaSaxa wrote:
               | Yes, it absolutely does increase the overall system
               | instability. However, that is at great benefit to the
               | consumer. There are some safeguards in place in the
               | actual FedNow Service, but it is primarily up to the
               | Service Providers to give the financial institutions
               | tools to manage risk. This includes features like
               | liquidity management, circuit breakers, fraud/compliance
               | monitoring, limits, etc.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | beojan wrote:
           | T + 1 millisecond seems impossible. Light can only travel a
           | couple of hundred miles in a millisecond.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Famously: http://web.mit.edu/jemorris/humor/500-miles
        
               | mike_hock wrote:
               | Expected the sendmail story, got the sendmail story.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | So if you're both in NYC it should be fine. At the very
             | least T + ping time + 1 ms
             | 
             | And this should be available to customer investors (dudes
             | at home) before retail investors (hedge funds)
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | "retail investors" normally refers to individuals at home
               | and T+2 doesn't affect them because they have margin
               | accounts.
               | 
               | The only limitation is that if you day trade, you'll need
               | $25k in your margin account. If you don't day trade _or_
               | you have $25k, you can withdraw $0.01 a few milliseconds
               | after selling $0.01 in shares
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | Personally I use the word "retail" to refer to
               | restaurants, stores, malls, and other soulless things
               | that occupy commercial real estate.
               | 
               | I use "customers" to refer to souls that occupy
               | residential real estate.
        
               | dbish wrote:
               | You can use that, but there are pretty well understood
               | terms in finance already (like retail investors), and
               | probably best to use the standard if you want to be well
               | understood.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | I find that obnoxious
        
               | sclarisse wrote:
               | Lewis Carroll wrote a gag about people using words like
               | this.
        
           | iknownothow wrote:
           | The problem is, which "database"? If you know the data is
           | always going to be in the range of ~1TB, use Postgres or some
           | other ACID database. But I don't know of any petabyte scale
           | ACID compliant database.
           | 
           | Also I'm not sure if ACID is sufficient or not for banking
           | systems.
        
             | chaxor wrote:
             | Any database easily handles terabytes, idk why that's a
             | condition.
             | 
             | DuckDB and SQLite easily handle terabytes of data. They're
             | just not so much for cloud based apps, or things that need
             | multiusers and access control junk. They're the best choice
             | for just about everything else though.
        
             | ZeroCool2u wrote:
             | BigQuery is ACID compliant and easily handles petabytes.
             | 
             | https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/introduction
        
               | ibains wrote:
               | Yes, but in addition to being ACID compliant
               | (serializable ANSI), you need to support a million
               | transactions per second - it's not just about data size.
        
               | moneywoes wrote:
               | What's the cloud infra like?
        
               | 89vision wrote:
               | Nobody in their right mind is using BQ for oltp workloads
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | Was it difficult avoiding using an ESB? I've heard stories
         | about how requirements to use those were listed as an example
         | of an interoperable system in law and then ended up being
         | mandated across DoD for everything.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Is there a record of 'what' was bought or transacted for?
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | FedNow Payment Flow diagram...
       | 
       | https://www.frbservices.org/binaries/content/assets/crsocms/...
        
       | umeshunni wrote:
       | So, how do we use it?
        
       | 2143 wrote:
       | Funny thing about topics like this is that people of any given
       | country is oblivious to how other countries have solved that
       | problem, or the challenges other countries face, or inturn the
       | problems that they themselves face.
       | 
       | Regarding payment systems specifically, people generally don't
       | realize what they're missing.
       | 
       | Pick anybody from anywhere and they'll tell you they've been able
       | to do everything they ever wanted to do (with regards to
       | payments) using the already-existing systems of their country.
        
         | WeylandYutani wrote:
         | It's true that America is very far behind now but they're also
         | the ones who started creditcards all the way back in the 1950s.
         | 
         | Anyway I have a theory: big countries are too far up their own
         | ass to notice or care what the rest of the world is up to.
         | 
         | Compare a small, international oriented country like the
         | Netherlands or Denmark to sleepy provincial Germany.
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | Sure, but in most countries, those services are provided by
         | banks, not the government. There is certainly something to be
         | said for legislation like open banking regulations that
         | encourages/forces banks to facilitate instant peer to peer
         | payments. But that's a far cry from a service offered directly
         | from the government (okay, technically the fed isn't the
         | government, but it may as well be).
        
           | tiffanyh wrote:
           | Sounds like a European view.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | Interbank payment systems are actually provided by central
           | banks or the government (or affiliated organizations of
           | either) in quite a few cases.
           | 
           | Europe has TIPS (an ECB-operated implementation of the SEPA
           | Instant Credit Transfer scheme), India has UPI (which is
           | pretty close to the central bank, as far as I understand)
           | etc.
           | 
           | In the case of FedNow and TIPS, there are private
           | alternatives as well, such as RTP in the US or EBA Clearing's
           | SEPA Instant implementation in Europe. This is similar to ACH
           | - there's both a public (FedACH) and a private (The Clearing
           | House) implementation/network available.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | OK.
           | 
           | But it doesn't seem to me like there's a huge difference
           | between "Know Your Customer" + FDIC and Fed Now aside from
           | removing risk to consumers that most people ignore anyhow.
        
             | TechBro8615 wrote:
             | There's a big difference between checking passports before
             | onboarding a customer, and sending every transaction to the
             | federal government in real time.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > There's a big difference between checking passports
               | before onboarding a customer, and sending every
               | transaction to the federal government in real time.
               | 
               | I guess there's _technically_ a difference between
               | "sending every transaction to the federal government in
               | real-time" (FedNow) and "sending every transaction to the
               | federal government, in batches three times per day" (the
               | status quo).
               | 
               | But from a privacy standpoint, the two are functionally
               | identical.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | Can you clarify something? I thought FedNow was for
               | settling up when I, as an ABC Credit Union customer,
               | initiate a transfer of $5000 to you, a Chase customer.
               | Now ABC needs to subtract it from my account, and if
               | successful, tell the Fed to take money out of ABC's Fed
               | account and put it into Chase's, and to tell Chase to
               | expect $5000 (Transaction ID: XXXX?) and here's who it's
               | for.
               | 
               | Does FedNow, or whatever batch job it is replacing,
               | involve ABC telling FedNow "This is for a transfer from
               | Jane Doe (SSN 123-45-6789) to Joe Bloggs (SSN
               | 098-76-5432)"? As I imagined it, FedNow would only _need_
               | to know what bank is sending and what is receiving.
        
           | lampiaio wrote:
           | > in most countries, those services are provided by banks,
           | not the government
           | 
           | That's something I always point out when telling others how
           | awesome the Brazilian Pix system
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pix_(payment_system)
           | 
           | is. It's not a private initiative by a bunch of individual
           | banks, but rather a zero-fee payment system managed by the
           | country's central bank:
           | https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pixfaqen .
        
           | 2143 wrote:
           | This, ladies and gentlemen, illustrates the point I was
           | trying to make.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Which is basically why all the De-Fi, Web 3.0, Cyrpto nonsense
         | are very much US centric.
        
         | earthboundkid wrote:
         | When I lived in Japan twenty years ago, everybody just wired
         | money electronically and checks were long obsolete. In the US,
         | I write checks every week or so. They also had a system where
         | you would put your checkbook into the teller machine and it
         | would print your credits and debits into the book for you. It
         | was very convenient. On the downside, the ATMs were turned off
         | (!) during national holidays, so you had to get cash
         | beforehand.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | I don't think cheques are obsolete in Japan, so much as never
           | having been popular and established in the first place. A lot
           | of things are just done in cash (even e.g. buying houses!)
           | and that's not seen as unacceptably risky the way it is in
           | many countries; COD is an established practice that again
           | just doesn't exist (and wouldn't remotely be considered safe)
           | elsewhere. Furikomi is slow and expensive and cheques would
           | actually be an upgrade in many ways.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I'm only nominally a grown-up, but I've lived in the US my
           | entire life and I don't think I write a check more than once
           | a year. Most stuff I buy is done with credit cards (which I
           | generally pay with their respective mobile apps with bank
           | transfers), my mortgage is automatically withdrawn from my
           | checking account, and I use CashApp or Paypal to send money
           | to people directly.
           | 
           | I think the last time I actually wrote a physical check was
           | when I refinanced my house in 2021.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | > When I lived in Japan twenty years ago, everybody just
           | wired money electronically and checks were long obsolete. In
           | the US, I write checks every week or so.
           | 
           | And yet in Japan they're still obsessed with using backwards
           | fax machines and paper.
        
           | jeffchien wrote:
           | Checks never took off in Japan because their 1947 Labor
           | Standards Act (Art. 24) actually made it illegal to pay wages
           | by check [1]. So it's not that checks were made obsolete,
           | it's that they were smothered in their crib. Until the advent
           | of electronic payment, it's said that tens of millions still
           | got paid in cash rather than bank transfer in the early 90s
           | [2].
           | 
           | I think it's easy to forget that societies that adopt a
           | technology early might be doing so because the slightly
           | outdated alternative from elsewhere was never brought over.
           | Japan has no shortage of those, like a lot of dining is still
           | cash only. Who knows, perhaps in 10 years those restaurants
           | will skip credit cards and contactless and go straight to
           | face-based automatic payment.
           | 
           | [1] PDF warning https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/2018/Lab
           | or%20Standards%... [2] 1991 article https://www.sun-
           | sentinel.com/1991/10/24/japanese-prefer-cold...
        
           | zerocrates wrote:
           | Surprised you're writing checks every week: I haven't written
           | a check in years. ACH transfers, sure, but not physical
           | checks.
           | 
           | I do still _receive_ them occasionally, almost always as
           | printed checks from companies.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | It depends. I have to use checks to pay my landscaper and
             | housekeeper, because there isn't another unilateral payment
             | document.
             | 
             | By this I mean, in the US everyone _could_ use CashApp,
             | Venmo, PayPal, Zelle (glorified ACH, right?), etc. for p2p
             | payment. If you have the same bank, many banks have a
             | trivial  "send money to another customer's account"
             | feature. However, to do so requires essentially a
             | 'handshake' where the two parties agree on a method. Checks
             | require no up-front handshake, since everyone knows what to
             | do with a check (deposit it at your ATM, take a picture of
             | it with mobile app, or take it to a check-cashing place or
             | the issuing bank).
             | 
             | If I could print on paper a key or QR code that allows you
             | to claim the money into the account of your choice, like a
             | check does, I'd use that. Sadly, banks seem to have put
             | their effort into Zelle instead.
        
               | mnahkies wrote:
               | Aren't you just describing cash? Cheque has the same
               | issue as the online alternatives in that it could
               | "bounce" - cash (or I guess crypto) can't
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Large checks are cheaper to handle than an equivalent
               | amount of cash. Most people won't just toss $10k in the
               | back of their car and drive to the bank, but would think
               | nothing of taking a $10k check to the bank.
               | 
               | Also, there is less of a need for a receipt when paying
               | by check. If I pay someone by check, my bank has a record
               | of it. If I pay them by cash, I better get (and keep)
               | that receipt in the case of a later non-payment dispute.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah. And with online banking apps, it's basically not
               | worth anyone's time to do the handshake because
               | depositing just isn't a big deal [ADDED: If there's an
               | in-person transaction]. I use credit/debit/ACH 95%+ of
               | the time but if that's not an option check is easy.
        
               | Qworg wrote:
               | Zelle may still allow for you to send money to a non-
               | Zelle account - as a dark pattern, they'll hold that cash
               | for the recipient and give them an opportunity to sign up
               | and receive it. This was a big pressure point for smaller
               | banks and CUs to sign up.
        
             | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
             | I run into this myself a whole lot with various home
             | service businesses in particular.
             | 
             | It's not unusual for me to get an invoice for a company via
             | QuickBooks Online, with cash or check as the only payment
             | options.
             | 
             | Other businesses around here have started giving discounts
             | for paying with cash or check versus apps or credit/debit
             | cards, to avoid the recent increases in fees.
             | 
             | I'll also write checks when having a "hard" traceable
             | payment instrument physically makes sense for auditing
             | purposes or fraud prevention, although that's less
             | frequently needed.
        
           | 2143 wrote:
           | > They also had a system where you would put your checkbook
           | into the teller machine and it would print your credits and
           | debits into the book for you.
           | 
           | That's intresting to know.
           | 
           | Where I'm at, we had (still have?) a "passbook", a small
           | booklet where you could get all your transactions printed
           | onto.
           | 
           | But AFAIK we couldn't do it ourselves through the teller
           | machine though. Once in a few months or so you go to the
           | respective bank and ask the staff there to update the
           | passbook. They use a machine, however.
           | 
           | Of course, there days it's unnecessary as you can
           | electronically download a list of your transactions for a
           | given period from the bank's website/app.
        
             | notRobot wrote:
             | I've seen (and actually even used once, I think) automatic
             | passbook updating printer machines in quite a few ATMs in
             | some places.
        
         | seanalltogether wrote:
         | > Pick anybody from anywhere and they'll tell you they've been
         | able to do everything they ever wanted to do (with regards to
         | payments) using the already-existing systems of their country.
         | 
         | This is like comparing candles and lightbulbs. Sure you can
         | light up your home using both methods just fine, but you end up
         | realizing how inconvenient candles were once you've made the
         | jump to the newer technology.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Not my good friend from Tuvalu
        
       | nodesocket wrote:
       | Will banks be able to charge fees to their customers for using
       | FedNow like wire transfers?
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | They could theoretically, but it is unlikely due to each
         | transaction costing a few cents and the monthly FedNow fee
         | being $25 (it is a utility run on a cost recovery basis). No
         | banks charge for Zelle payments to my knowledge, for example.
         | 
         | This eventually replaces checks, money orders, Zelle, Venmo,
         | ACH, and probably credit card payment volume over time (as seen
         | with UPI in India and PIX in Brazil). Every deposit account can
         | send to other deposit accounts instantly.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | is the fee on a per bank or per account basis?
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Per routing number, so effectively per bank.
             | 
             | Edit: (throttled, can't reply) GSIPs (globally systemic
             | important banks) like JPMC with multiple routing numbers
             | are the exception, not the rule.
        
               | nodesocket wrote:
               | Typically banks have many routing numbers[1], but it
               | seems like they grossly undercharging banks here. Should
               | be like $500/mo per routing number, that's still chump
               | change for banks.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.gobankingrates.com/banking/banks/chase-
               | routing-n...
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | Per bank. $25/month/account would be insane.
        
               | Tommstein wrote:
               | At a whole $25 per bank, why even bother charging
               | anything?
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | Yeah, that's why I asked. Either it's insanely expensive,
               | or insanely cheap!
        
           | staringback wrote:
           | Given how generous credit card rewards are in the US,
           | combined with the interest rates that get charged to people
           | who buy things they can't afford, I don't see it replacing
           | credit cards.
        
             | DeRock wrote:
             | You need to see it from the merchants perspective. What if
             | they offered you a 5% discount for paying with FedNow?
        
               | staringback wrote:
               | 5% is still in the realm of cashback rewards, I use my
               | Citi Custom Cash card to purchase gas and receive 5% back
               | (it is cheaper this way even though the credit price is
               | usually 10c higher per gallon)
        
       | cdnsteve wrote:
       | The beginning of the end is here. Social credit score will soon
       | follow. Expiring money and control or limits of savings or what
       | you can buy. This is not good.
        
       | tjpnz wrote:
       | I don't understand why FedNow and CBDC are such a big issue in
       | the US. FedNow looks quite attractive from a fees perspective,
       | especially when compared to PayPal and alike. Part of me wonders
       | if the middlemen who stand to lose out might be trying to muddy
       | the waters. It wouldn't be the first time.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | The same thing happens when a town decides to string fiber on
         | their utility poles and sell transit. All sorts of reasons why
         | that's a terrible thing. Same for importing drugs from other
         | countries. And on and on.
        
           | ke88y wrote:
           | The ISP duopoly/monopoly is worse from a consumer perspective
           | and functionally equivalent from a civil rights perspective.
           | To think otherwise is naive.
           | 
           | In fact, the private sector solution is perhaps even worse
           | from a civil rights perspective.
           | 
           | Consider a prosecutor in Jurisdiction A hell-bent on
           | violating the civil rights of a citizen in Jurisdiction B,
           | and suppose Jurisdiction B is sympathetic to this citizen.
           | This isn't even hypothetical in the USA. Abortion,
           | immigration, civil disobedience, etc. In the corporate
           | duopoly setup, Jurisdiction A can compel the ISP to comply --
           | either by physically entering the property of the ISP and
           | taking data by force, or by threatening market access. In the
           | muni ISP case, Jurisdiction B says "shove it".
           | 
           | And that's before noting that corporations such as modern
           | ISPs are -- like governments -- also large bureaucracies
           | endowed with incredible power that are de facto impossible to
           | opt out of. Except at least in representative government you
           | have some sort of voice, however small, which isn't dependent
           | on amassing vast sums of cash.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > a town decides to string fiber on their utility poles and
           | sell transit
           | 
           | I dream of the day my municipality does this. The idea of
           | buying service from whoever I want rather than be forced to
           | use Comcast... -swoon-
        
         | lbotos wrote:
         | Because there are many Americans who are small gov and against
         | excessive taxation. A CBDC is "too far" for a lot of people who
         | believe that.
        
           | bluescrn wrote:
           | Imagine being paid in a 'programmable' currency that your
           | employer (or government) decides cannot be spent on alcohol,
           | meat, or fossil fuels.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, wealthier people get paid in 'unrestricted'
           | currency.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | I mean if we're talking that level of societal breakdown
             | they would just use the system we already have for tracking
             | semi-restricted purchases which is scanning and reporting
             | your government ID.
             | 
             | Then you can enforce meat and fossil fuel rations with no
             | way to buy yourself around it.
        
             | zirgs wrote:
             | Payment processors like VISA can already block payments
             | that they don't like. Even if they are completely legal.
        
             | hrdwdmrbl wrote:
             | A CBDC does not necessarily need to be implemented with
             | that capability.
        
               | bluescrn wrote:
               | No, but big centralized power tends to crave ever more
               | power, control, and surveillance
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | That already exists today, food stamps/SNAP/EBT for low
             | income and dollars for everyone else
             | 
             | I'd just as soon give everyone dollars via UBI
        
               | realce wrote:
               | Your employer doesn't pay you in food stamps, they pay
               | you in money you can use to buy anything you need in the
               | entire world.
               | 
               | The government provides coupons that allow you to buy
               | food which is remediated to the seller in dollars. The
               | authority and funding to provide that service is
               | something that voters can impact or change.
               | 
               | These are very different things, not "that already
               | exists" at all.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | > they pay you in money you can use to buy anything you
               | need in the entire world.
               | 
               | This is an primarily American phenomenon though and it's
               | only really true because of the dominance of the US and
               | US petrodollars over global society. It's probably not
               | easy to spend Turkish lira in Madagascar, for example.
               | Yes there are banks which will exchange approved
               | currencies, but that's one step removed from being paid
               | in a global global currency as you imply.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Honestly, if governments paid out all social benefits in
               | a demurrage currency which they accept for tax payments,
               | they would save a lot of money because the velocity and
               | therefore fiscal multiplier of a demurrage currency is
               | very high.
               | 
               | Christian Gelleri made this proposal to solve the Greek
               | crisis: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_
               | id=3144910
        
               | maerF0x0 wrote:
               | afaik food stamps/SNAP/EBT is a charitable thing though,
               | right? ie, the recipients are not trading labor for it,
               | right?
        
             | treyd wrote:
             | Why would they want to do that? How would either your
             | employer or the fed have the _grounds_ to justify doing
             | that?
        
               | hellojesus wrote:
               | Look at what happened with the Canadian protests and
               | banking restrictions.
               | 
               | Many are concerned that cdbc will allow the gov to create
               | carbon rations that are enforced by disallowing
               | purchases. Cash is fungible while regulated digital
               | currency isn't.
        
               | johnny22 wrote:
               | it's what they do with foodstamps already, is the point.
               | I don't know whether that'll atually happen, but that's
               | the theory.
        
               | bluescrn wrote:
               | Something along the lines of 'We face a climate emergency
               | that is even more serious than the Covid emergency, we
               | have to do this, this is about saving lives'?
               | 
               | (I'm not in any way a climate denier, just a huge
               | pessimist when it comes to attempted solutions)
        
             | ke88y wrote:
             | I view this type of thinking as the conspiratorially
             | minded's version of "trying to solve social problems with
             | technical solutions".
             | 
             | If there were political motive and will to implement such a
             | system, it could be done without a CBDC and _certainly_
             | without modernization of ACH (heh).
             | 
             | Conversely, if there's not political motive and will, then
             | the presence of a CBDC doesn't change that fact.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | You are already starting to pigeonhole people with your
           | stereotype. I'm as liberal as they come and I find the
           | thought of a CBDC to be an unimaginable Orwellian nightmare.
           | A boot stamping on the face of civil liberties and privacy
           | forever.
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | Supposedly, it's because of more centralized surveillance and
         | control.
         | 
         | https://medium.com/beyondmoney/the-good-bad-and-ugly-of-cbdc...
         | 
         | https://medium.com/illumination/how-the-central-banks-digita...
        
         | hitpointdrew wrote:
         | > I don't understand why ~FedNow and CBDC~ BIG BROTHER are such
         | a big issue in the US.
         | 
         | Fixed this for you.
         | 
         | I don't really want a gigantic federal agency having insight
         | into every financial transaction I make. Hard, fucking, pass.
        
           | itake wrote:
           | Just wondering, but how is this different from our current
           | system where judges can approve search warrants and companies
           | have to comply?
           | 
           | Are you think they won't need search warrants?
        
             | hellojesus wrote:
             | Cash isn't recordable in the same way. I don't provide my
             | id with the transaction when making cash purchases.
        
               | itake wrote:
               | I don't think this service is replacing cash payments
               | unless I am missing something?
        
               | hellojesus wrote:
               | You are correct. I was thinking cdbc not fednow.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | It is a step, a big one, to their "dream" of a "cashless
               | society" that we have been on for decades.
        
             | amflare wrote:
             | This is the difference between the government needing a
             | search warrant and having to come to your house, and them
             | needing a search warrant but a law enforcement officer
             | already living in your house. Sure, they still "need a
             | warrant", but that doesn't make the situation acceptable.
        
               | itake wrote:
               | Do you think private unregulated businesses (CashApp,
               | Venmo, etc.) that this is trying to replace are any
               | better? These companies just sell your transaction data
               | to the highest bidder, no warrant needed.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Are you under the impression that ACH, the thing FedNow is
           | replacing, is free from government influence?
           | 
           | This is what's bizarre to me about the FedNow hysteria. It's
           | not a government system replacing a private market system.
           | It's a government system replacing an older, worse government
           | system. It's like having a panic attack because the Federal
           | Reserve is updating their PCs to from Windows XP to Windows
           | 10.
        
             | dylanlacom wrote:
             | Because Nacha (and ACH) is explicitly not a government
             | system
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | ACH involves the Federal Reserve Bank in every transfer.
               | FedNow involves the Federal Reserve Bank in every
               | transfer.
        
               | biesnecker wrote:
               | To be fair only about half of US ACH traffic flows
               | through the Fed (the other half goes through the Clearing
               | House Payments Company), but the Fed is very much
               | involved (and a critical component of) the ACH network,
               | even if the system is not explicitly a government one.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | Ignoring the fact that FedNow doesn't change much in this
           | regard...
           | 
           | I'm torn on this. Visa, MasterCard, Venmo (aka PayPal), etc.
           | all know about large subsets of my transactions, and they go
           | and sell my personal data to other companies in sleazy ways
           | to cover their costs.
           | 
           | Is that better or worse than the government knowing all this
           | stuff? Sure, the government can also legally use force
           | against me and deprive me of my freedom and possessions, and
           | might pervert my transaction history into justifying doing
           | bad things to me. But that's a risk, not a certainty. Private
           | companies selling my data and using it in nefarious ways is a
           | certainty.
        
           | chimeracoder wrote:
           | > I don't really want a gigantic federal agency having
           | insight into every financial transaction I make. Hard,
           | fucking, pass.
           | 
           | If that's the case, I have bad news for you about the banking
           | system of literally every developed country.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | Ever heard of cash?
             | 
             | I can buy an icecream anywhere in the world without anybody
             | tracking me. Even with the "wrong" political opinion (even
             | if I would be a trucker in Canada during certain protests).
             | 
             | I cannot do that with CBDC.
             | 
             | No. CBDC (aka: the ultimate totalitarian's dream) is not
             | the same as the current banking system, despite the current
             | banking system also being very horrible for privacy.
             | 
             | * All of the above assuming that cash will be banned and
             | CBDC will be mandatory for everybody.
        
               | kredd wrote:
               | The reality is, supermajority (including me) of people
               | prefer not using cash. Especially up here in the North.
               | 
               | Can't even recall to ever pulling some out other than
               | some casino entertainment night. I understand all the
               | "freedom" (or whatever one might call it) I'm losing, but
               | the positive sides are much better (never have to care
               | about losing my wallet, much faster transactions,
               | convenience and etc.). Sure, sounds bad on paper, but I
               | haven't felt any negatives in 10+ years, especially when
               | in practice makes my life easier.
        
               | NamTaf wrote:
               | That's a very load-bearing assumption.
        
               | hellojesus wrote:
               | Not as load bearing when you look at the legal limits of
               | cash transactions in countries in Europe. Also not so
               | load bearing when you consider the unconstitutional civil
               | asset forfeiture of the current US.
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | _> I can buy an icecream anywhere in the world without
               | anybody tracking me._
               | 
               | No you can't. Companies like OpenEye and Deep Sentinel
               | offer facial recognition solutions that are targeted at
               | loss-prevention, and these systems are commonplace in the
               | USA. Facial recognition-based consumer analytics systems
               | are also available.
               | 
               | In fact, I think you'd be hard pressed to find a pint of
               | ice cream that you can buy without having a camera
               | pointed at your face. Even the little stand at the beach
               | in the state park near my old place had a camera, and I
               | didn't even have real LTE coverage there.
               | 
               | Privacy comes only from the force of law; not the other
               | way around.
               | 
               | Anyways, the whole conversation is a red herring. This is
               | a replacement for ACH, which already exists, and there
               | isn't substantively more information sharing between
               | banks and governments than already exists.
        
               | amflare wrote:
               | So because malicious parties can track us via other
               | means, we should just allow them to start doing it (even
               | more) through our financial history?
               | 
               | Anyways, it's not (fully) about information sharing. It's
               | about control. It's the difference between read access
               | and read/write access.
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | FedNow doesn't allow any more or less tracking than
               | what's already possible through the Fed's visibility into
               | ACH. So for the purposes of FedNow the entire
               | conversation is off-topic.
               | 
               | Anyways, you missed the point.
               | 
               | The anti-new-technology and anti-gov-technology response
               | to privacy and control is misguided. Corporations will
               | fuck you, left unchecked, and governments will fuck you
               | through corporations. There is no technical solution to
               | political problems, and physical cash vs FedNow vs
               | digital currency is a suite of technical solutions.
               | 
               | Trying to solve a political problem by eliminating
               | technology is literally the same thing as trying to solve
               | political problems with technology. The fallacy is in
               | focusing on technology where the actual problem is
               | political.
               | 
               | The problem is political and needs to be treated as such.
               | The solution is building and maintaining political
               | consensus in favor of strong privacy and personal
               | property rights, not carrying around a billfold full of
               | physical cash.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | FedNow isn't a big issue.
         | 
         | CBDC really isn't a big issue either, because it almost
         | certainly won't happen. Americans are very unlikely to want a
         | system like that.
        
           | atentaten wrote:
           | Americans didn't want a central bank, but look at where we
           | are.
           | 
           | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-
           | poli...
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | The "central bank" americans fought hard against in the
             | first place didn't have the same function as the modern
             | central bank started last century.
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | Two points of context:
         | 
         | * the Biden administration is planning to monitor smaller
         | denomination transactions (in an inflationary environment!)
         | 
         | * IRS resources historically and presently target low-income,
         | low-wealth households/individuals for audits
         | 
         | https://www.cnbc.com/select/irs-600-reporting-rule-delayed/
         | 
         | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/irs-audit-eitc-five-times-as-li...
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | IRS auditing targeting has been at the explicit behest of
           | Republican controlled Congresses. That is, they were told to
           | stop/reduce targetting high net worth individuals, or face
           | even further cuts to their budget.
        
           | jonhohle wrote:
           | What benefit would targeting low wealth individuals have to
           | the IRS? I worked on a state tax system briefly at Accenture
           | and they offered the product for a percentage of reclaimed
           | taxes. They started with high debts with good credit scores.
           | Since they had skin in the game (which it could be argued the
           | IRS doesn't), they wanted to maximize the unpaid taxes they
           | collected.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | Tax collectors have traditionally extracted from low wealth
             | individuals to enrich wealthy individuals.
             | 
             | I'll let you figure out why.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > What benefit would targeting low wealth individuals have
             | to the IRS?
             | 
             | Wrong question. The correct question is:
             | 
             | What benefit would the IRS targetting low wealth
             | individuals have to high wealth individuals?
        
             | genmud wrote:
             | Because wealthier people have more complicated returns and
             | are much more likely to litigate, resulting in more time
             | commitment.
             | 
             | For high net wealth audits, you could have potentially
             | dozens of people working on it for years so there is a
             | _possibility_ that a judge  / jury rules in your favor.
             | 
             | They are going after low effort people, but making it up by
             | volume.
        
             | DANmode wrote:
             | > What benefit would targeting low wealth individuals have
             | to the IRS?
             | 
             | I'll shorten the explanation even further: many more
             | easy/no contest wins.
        
           | digging wrote:
           | > IRS resources historically and presently target low-income,
           | low-wealth households/individuals for audits
           | 
           | If we could actually increase their funding substantially,
           | this would be less true, but it's difficult and expensive to
           | go after wealthy individuals.
        
       | skizm wrote:
       | How does this system impact the normal person? Like who is the
       | customer for this? Can I uninstall Venmo and Paypal? Or is this
       | something banks would use under the hood and consumers would
       | never interact with?
       | 
       | e: ah I see the diagram now. more helpful.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mydriasis wrote:
       | > Banks and credit unions of all sizes can sign up and use this
       | tool to instantly transfer money for their customers, any time of
       | the day, on any day of the year.
       | 
       | Whoa. Is this as awesome as it sounds? Is this akin to
       | government-backed Venmo, or something?
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > Is this akin to government-backed Venmo, or something?
         | 
         | Yes, exactly. But you have to keep in mind that this is a two-
         | edged sword. On the one hand, it's going to be convenient and
         | probably secure. On the other hand, it's going to let the
         | government see every transaction you make, which for some
         | people will be a very high price to pay.
        
           | s3p wrote:
           | Ok but.. ACH
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | I don't see how this is much different than the current
           | situation. The Fed already processes ACH transactions
           | (basically all bill-pay, most transfers to/from Paypal/Venmo
           | etc), and all wire transfers (most high dollar money
           | transfers)
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | The new system is faster.
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | > On the other hand, it's going to let the government see
           | every transaction you make
           | 
           | Can you go into more detail here on what you think will
           | change from the status quo? Existing bank transfers are
           | obviously not secret from the government on request. While
           | the government doesn't have direct access to run search
           | heuristics on the whole dataset they just delegate that to
           | the banks' internal compliance team.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | The magnitude of the change is somewhat in the eye of the
             | beholder. On the one hand, the government already has a lot
             | of visibility into your finances. On the other hand, this
             | removes some friction that currently exists for certain
             | kinds of transactions. This matters more to some people
             | than others. There is also concern that this might be a
             | step towards the eventual elimination of cash.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | I find it annoying that we have these endless debates in
               | the US where it's assumed that if there's some magnitude
               | it of course must be more than epsilon.
               | 
               | I would be interested in if anyone can give a example
               | where the friction increases in such a way as a person
               | would experience an actual difference, or how this would
               | actually make cash easier.
               | 
               | Otherwise this sounds to me like the endless silly
               | arguments against a national id card by people. (State ID
               | cards that then go into a federal database are no more
               | private but come with annoying downsides like ID.me)
        
               | didntcheck wrote:
               | I wrote a comment on another thread today about this wrt
               | surveillance. Reduced friction in surveillance definitely
               | is something to be feared, as the evidence is that if the
               | government/police/alphabet agencies _can_ use a power
               | (literally, not necessarily legally), they will. The only
               | thing holding them back in the pre-digital age was the
               | high cost of physical surveillance and even data storage,
               | when  "files" were things you held. The difference in
               | quantity of possible surveillance has become a difference
               | in quality, where it's just "common sense" that the
               | government can easily pull your movements from cell tower
               | records, and that they'll do so regardless of whether
               | they're allowed to (or say "terrorism!" allows them to)
        
             | EgregiousCube wrote:
             | It lowers the cost of the government performing wide
             | surveillance of financial activity; the fear is that
             | lowering this cost will enable more advanced forms of
             | detection and enforcement that ultimately look and feel
             | like harassment.
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | Automated surveillance and automated interference. If you
             | think YouTube's algorithms for determining copyright or
             | Facebooks algorithms for "community standards" are bad,
             | wait until you have your bank account locked and can't buy
             | food.
        
             | caseysoftware wrote:
             | If the government wants to tax these transactions - and
             | let's admit it, they do - they'll take it right off the
             | top. Unlike with the banking system where different banks
             | have different prices for wires - or even free under
             | certain conditions - you can't "shop around" for a new
             | government.
             | 
             | Further, if a government determines you are not an
             | "acceptable" participant, they have the ability to stop
             | transactions to/from you.
             | 
             | *Ability doesn't necessarily translate to authority - you
             | can probably fight it - but the government's legal fees are
             | paid by us so they're effectively unlimited.
        
               | xcrjm wrote:
               | It won't be any worse or better than existing federally
               | administered systems. The government already oversees all
               | the major existing bank-to-bank transfer systems
               | mentioned in the press release. In the US banks charge
               | different wire fees because they can as a competitive
               | matter, but they all use FedWire to talk to each other.
               | Just like they can impose arbitrary limits on ACH
               | transfer size but they all use FedACH to handle the
               | actual transfer. This one is just a faster, more secure
               | version of the latter.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | > If the government wants to tax these transactions - and
               | let's admit it, they do - they'll take it right off the
               | top.
               | 
               | If the federal government wants to tax things they indeed
               | can. But I was asking about a chance from the status quo.
               | 
               | If you owe the US government money right now they can
               | take it out of your bank account.
               | 
               | > Unlike with the banking system where different banks
               | have different prices for wires - or even free under
               | certain conditions - you can't "shop around" for a new
               | government.
               | 
               | You can shop around for a different bank but it will
               | still follow US law and also go above and beyond to help
               | out the feds.
               | 
               | > Further, if a government determines you are not an
               | "acceptable" participant, they have the ability to stop
               | transactions to/from you.
               | 
               | Yes, but this already exists.
               | https://ofac.treasury.gov/specially-designated-nationals-
               | and...
               | 
               | > *Ability doesn't necessarily translate to authority -
               | you can probably fight it - but the government's legal
               | fees are paid by us so they're effectively unlimited.
               | 
               | Yes but your legal remedies might actually be better
               | under FedWire. US fourth amendment law has a massive
               | loophole whereby if a private business "voluntarily"
               | assists the government it doesn't count as a search. So
               | if the government searches your government bank account
               | you'll have potentially better remedies than if they ask
               | your private bank to pretty please send a printout. (and
               | there's very little chance your current bank tells the
               | feds to shove off and come back with a warrant in that
               | kind of situation)
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | If the government could stop cash transactions entire
               | classes of crime would be significantly more impractical
               | (while at the same time significantly invading the
               | privacy of all citizens).
        
               | id0ntw4ntit wrote:
               | Can't stop cash, cash is a fact.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > If the government wants to tax these transactions - and
               | let's admit it, they do - they'll take it right off the
               | top.
               | 
               | They have no authority to do this unless you're subject
               | to a tax witholding order. The government cannot collect
               | taxes on arbitrary transactions as they occur - it can
               | levy taxes, and then attempt to collect them (it hopes
               | via voluntary payment by taxpayers).
               | 
               | You, like so many other commenters here, seem to fail to
               | grasp that FedNow is a replacement for ACH, the existing
               | inter-bank exchange system that already involves the
               | Federal Reserve to precisely the same extent that ACH
               | already does.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > If the government wants to tax these transactions - and
               | let's admit it, they do - they'll take it right off the
               | top.
               | 
               | The Federal Reserve isn't the government. Yes, if they
               | want to charge a fee for this service, they could. The
               | same is true of every existing money-moving mechanism.
               | 
               | > Unlike with the banking system where different banks
               | have different prices for wires - or even free under
               | certain conditions - you can't "shop around" for a new
               | government
               | 
               | FedNow is essentially free[0]. If FedNow imposes a higher
               | fee in the future, you can always choose to use other
               | services (ACH, wire payments, etc.). It's a competitive
               | market.
               | 
               | > Further, if a government determines you are not an
               | "acceptable" participant, they have the ability to stop
               | transactions to/from you.
               | 
               | This power already exists. FedNow doesn't change it one
               | way or the other.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.frbservices.org/news/press-
               | releases/012722-fedno...
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | Govt can already see any bank transaction made as it chooses
           | already.
           | 
           | Question is, why does this fact get brought up everytime as
           | if it's novel?
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | The government can already see all your ACH transactions like
           | payroll, rent, etc because the Fed Reserve literally runs
           | ACH. This also isn't replacing credit cards or the like, so
           | it is basically an ACH replacement.
           | 
           | That's on top of reporting requirements banks already have
           | for your transactions.
        
             | jsmith45 wrote:
             | The Fed only runs FedACH, which is one of two ACH networks
             | running the same protocol. The other is The Clearing House
             | Payments Company's Electronic Payments Network. Indeed
             | there used to be more private network operators, but the
             | other two eventually folded, leaving just these two
             | remaining.
        
           | mlsu wrote:
           | Put the flag of North Korea into the notes of a venmo
           | transaction. You will very quickly find out the extent to
           | which the government knows what you are doing with your
           | money.
        
             | imilk wrote:
             | That's just not true and conspiracy nonsense.
        
               | booleandilemma wrote:
               | Maybe not that specific example, but it's very true
               | generally. You can get your account blocked for specific
               | words in your Venmo payments:
               | 
               | https://www.inc.com/tess-townsend/venmo-reportedly-
               | blocking-...
               | 
               | https://angelinatravels.boardingarea.com/2017/05/04/caref
               | ul-...
               | 
               | I tested one of these and had to send Venmo customer
               | support an email explaining I was not a terrorist.
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | which once again has nothing to do eith the government
               | and everything to do with Venmo incorporated (Paypal
               | Inc.)
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | Thats actually a private corporation having an excessively
             | skittish _interpretation_ of federal regulations.
             | 
             | The government would still need to go out of their way to
             | know about that transaction. And the liability would only
             | come after you or the organization got in trouble for
             | something else.
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | paypal , visa and the like have proven to be worse than most
           | governments
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > Whoa. Is this as awesome as it sounds?
         | 
         | No. A possible CBDC rails in the US is nothing to get excited
         | about. Unless you want savings limits and expiry dates on your
         | money.
         | 
         | > Is this akin to government-backed Venmo, or something?
         | 
         | Yes, but even worse.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | >Unless you want savings limits and expiry dates on your
           | money.
           | 
           | I don't believe in saving limits or expiry dates in the sense
           | of losing 100% of your money. But think about what impact
           | limiting savings has on debt. In aggregate, there can only be
           | as much debt as there are savings. This means if you want to
           | limit debt in the economy, you are going to have to limit
           | savings as well.
           | 
           | This is particularly relevant with debt brakes. A country
           | with a debt brake but without a savings brake is going to run
           | into a pretty fundamental limitation.
           | 
           | Savers can delay their spending decisions and this ultimately
           | delays the ability to repay debts but since debtor's are at
           | the mercy of lenders, we blame the debtor for the lenders
           | tardiness.
        
             | nimbleplum40 wrote:
             | Savings and debt in an economy are related, but not 1:1.
             | See the money multiplier [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_multiplier
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | pertymcpert wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | This is not something revolutionary, multiple countries already
         | have instant payment:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_payment. This is just a
         | technical improvement on existing systems. Regarding your
         | questions the FED is simply providing a facility
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearing_house_(finance)) that
         | willing participants (the list of early adopters is in the
         | article) can use.
        
       | whockey wrote:
       | Founder of a developer bank, Column N.A. here. If people are
       | interested in starting to build on FedNow hit us up.
       | column.com/fednow and my email is william at column dot com .
        
         | openthc wrote:
         | Do you support cannabis business? Or rather, those of us who
         | provide services too cannabis businesses? Some folk (eg:
         | Stripe, Twilio) frown on even using their platforms for things
         | next-to (but not touching) cannabis.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Does this eliminate the late night flights of Mitsubishi MU2
       | turboprop cargo planes delivering canceled checks for the Federal
       | Reserve?
        
         | tjohns wrote:
         | I thought Check 21 (enacted back in 2003) was supposed to
         | eliminate that, allowing digital check images to substitute for
         | physical copies during the clearing process. My understanding
         | was banks (or even sometimes merchants) just scan in the paper
         | checks on receipt these days and process everything
         | electronically.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_21_Act
        
       | ncann wrote:
       | Is this equivalent to Interact eTransfer in Canada?
        
       | heydenberk wrote:
       | Powell has mentioned[0] that the Fed is unable to affect fiscal
       | policy, which is the fastest and best solution to certain
       | economic crises. Does this bring the Fed closer to being able to
       | simply give people money?
       | 
       | [0] https://rollcall.com/2020/06/16/feds-powell-urges-
       | congress-t...
        
       | curiouselephant wrote:
       | Just in time before they layoff 5% of the staff.
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-20 23:00 UTC)