[HN Gopher] How to be a consultant, a freelancer, or an independ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to be a consultant, a freelancer, or an independent contractor
       (2009)
        
       Author : wofo
       Score  : 301 points
       Date   : 2023-07-17 11:05 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jacquesmattheij.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jacquesmattheij.com)
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | Don't lowball your consulting rate!
       | 
       | * Your price sends a signal that attracts particular clients, and
       | the ones you attract with lowball prices are the worst, most
       | demanding kind.
       | 
       | * Your ordinary good clients aren't shopping on price, beyond a
       | vague notion of what the normal range of prices for your field
       | is. Remember: they're generally not spending their own money.
       | 
       | * Any client big enough to have a purchasing department is never
       | going to let you get your rate back; their whole job is to
       | prevent vendors from ever raising rates.
       | 
       | * There are a zillion things you're selling as a consultant that
       | you don't realize you're selling, from schedule flexibility and
       | freedom to fire at will to answering phone calls about the
       | project deliverable 3 weeks after the project is done to not
       | having to pay benefits and payroll taxes to documentation, and
       | you're much more likely to forget to capture this stuff in your
       | prices than you are to overcapture it.
       | 
       | I'm not sure I've ever met a new consultant that had
       | unrealistically high rates. But _most_ new consultants I 've met
       | have had unrealistically low rates.
       | 
       | If a client balks at your rate, you can still get the project
       | cost where they need it to be: negotiate on scope instead of
       | rate.
       | 
       | Never bill hourly. Hourly is cursed.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | I've been billing hourly for over ten years now, and I agree
         | that it is cursed.
         | 
         | But as much as I'd like to switch to daily/weekly billing, it
         | feels like I would never allow myself to leave the desk to run
         | errands, play with the kids etc - because I promised to work
         | the (whole?) day/week.
         | 
         | Even if you don't actively tell clients when exactly you do
         | work, clients can see your away/offline status in Slack/Teams,
         | or they might call you out of the blue, which would feel to me
         | like being caught with pants down - talking about a failed
         | deployment on the phone in the supermarket?
         | 
         | And I'd be worried then that the client comes to the conclusion
         | "Oh that guy, bills the whole week but doesn't even work in the
         | afternoon. What a slacker!".
         | 
         | How do you or other people handle this?
        
           | plugin-baby wrote:
           | What's the big problem with hourly? You just listed a bunch
           | of benefits and said it's cursed.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Here you go:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4103417
             | 
             | Two overarching principles here:
             | 
             | 1. Sane customers value determinism more than they value
             | maximizing the productivity of a single hour. They're
             | engaging you because they want a thing done, and the order
             | of their concerns is: (i) assurance that the thing gets
             | done, (ii) getting the thing on a predictable schedule,
             | (iii) getting the thing done sooner, (iv) that they're not
             | making a fool out of themselves by paying way over the
             | market for the thing and (v) how much they pay. Note how
             | far down the list the actual absolute billing number is.
             | 
             | 2. Conduct a thought experiment: imagine you have a project
             | that is going to take you a week to finish. Now imagine you
             | take 100 Provigils (don't do this) and get the project done
             | in 3 days instead. Who should get the economic benefit of
             | that efficiency, you or your client?
        
               | plugin-baby wrote:
               | This still isn't clicking for me - it feels like you're
               | equating daily/weekly billing with per-project billing,
               | and hourly billing with metering.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Nope, that's another misconception about how T&M billing
               | works:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3421770
               | 
               | You're metering, but at a lower level of granularity. You
               | don't care about squeezing the maximum customer value out
               | of ever hour, or maximizing hours you bill but don't do
               | work in, because you're just not tracking hours. You work
               | at an ordinary pace. Some days you're going to give your
               | client 9 hours worth of productivity because you're in
               | flow; sometimes they're going to get 7. It doesn't
               | matter.
               | 
               | The only really important thing about your interval is
               | that you can't book two clients on the same staffing in
               | the same interval. If you bill daily, you as a general
               | rule don't book two customers on the same day (really, I
               | wouldn't do it in the same week).
        
           | duckmysick wrote:
           | It's about managing expectations.
           | 
           | Reasonable clients who hire you to deliver a project three
           | months from now don't expect you to work 24/7 for 90 days
           | non-stop. They expect you to deliver what was agreed in three
           | months. They happily pay for those three months because
           | someone calculated it will save/make them more money. They
           | don't care what happens in between as long as you keep them
           | regularly updated, don't disappear on them, and respond to
           | emails and calls in a timely fashion.
           | 
           | Ask yourself if you want the type of clients that obsessively
           | check your online status on Slack. Most clients don't have
           | time for that because they have other things to worry about.
           | 
           | If you're deploying something, it's prudent to sit tight for
           | a while and monitor things. You can shop for celebratory
           | champagne later.
           | 
           | If they absolutely expect you to pick up the phone the minute
           | they call, hire someone to answer the calls for you. Now they
           | have a dedicated account manager. Charge them appropriately.
           | 
           | If you want to read more, the OP of this comment chain,
           | tptacek, wrote here a lot about charging daily/weekly vs
           | hourly (and other nuggets of wisdom about consulting). Query
           | `site:ycombinator.com tptacek hourly` in your favorite search
           | engine. Here's an example:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4103417
        
           | mikeegg1 wrote:
           | Off topic: do you use a tracking program for your hours and
           | if so which program do you use?
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Yes I use mite.de
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | There is no relationship between your billing increment and
           | the specific times you're at your desk. You bill a day for
           | any day that you do significant work for the client; that's
           | it. The notion that billing a day means you've booked 8
           | contiguous desk hours for your client is just hourly billing
           | thinking; that's part of the reason you want to stop billing
           | hourly in the first place.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | "yeah I often work at night"
           | 
           | But tbh, customers aggrieved at your working practices are
           | simply not worth having. If they don't trust you enough to do
           | the work, they probably won't trust the output of it either,
           | which all that it entails (not paying etc).
           | 
           | I've been a consultant in a previous life, and the best
           | customers were invariably the ones who just let you get on
           | with the job.
        
         | zerr wrote:
         | What about non-scoped/indefinite "disguised employment"-like
         | arrangements?
        
           | ms4720 wrote:
           | That is illegal and if it ever comes to light you are done
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | Huh? Staff augmentation contracts are super common. They're
             | definitely not illegal. And the risk in employment
             | classification mistakes is to the employer, not the
             | contractor.
        
               | klardotsh wrote:
               | The "you're done" might be an EU thing: I know Europe has
               | all sorts of wild laws around contractor/employee
               | differentiation.
               | 
               | In the US, though, yes, the risk is on whoever the IRS
               | feels is the "employer" in the situation (hint: it's not
               | the contractor).
        
         | angarg12 wrote:
         | So I keep hearing this, but I haven't seen it actually working
         | in practice.
         | 
         | My wife has been (trying to) freelance since we moved to the
         | US. She applied the playbook, rejected lowball offers, and
         | negotiated higher rates.
         | 
         | The result? She has worked about a total of 2 months out of 1.5
         | years. The pipeline is dry and nothing is coming her way. In
         | retrospect we regret not accepting some of those lowball
         | offers. Sure, the rates suck, but not having a job sucks more.
         | 
         | My cynical take is that blanket statements like that are
         | unrealistic and even harmful for some.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > blanket statements like that are unrealistic
           | 
           | I agree. The original advice is very solid, but it applies
           | after you're established yourself. Freelancers live and die
           | on reputation, and when you're new, you have no reputation
           | one way or another.
           | 
           | So the first thing a new freelancer has to do is to establish
           | a good reputation. This means having a client history. Never
           | forget that the world is smaller than you think, and people
           | talk to each other about these things -- even if they're
           | competitors.
           | 
           | This means that it can be a good idea to accept jobs that
           | don't pay what they should. But the new freelancer still
           | needs to get value that offsets the lower financial return,
           | and that value is, basically, word-of-mouth and references.
           | 
           | That said, new freelancers (of any sort) have a very strong
           | tendency to think that the "going rate" is much lower than it
           | actually is. Talk to other freelancers in your area to learn
           | what clients are used to paying before even thinking about
           | setting a price.
           | 
           | One thing I had success with, and I've seen others have
           | success with, is to make a proposal at the going rate, but
           | add in an offer to take a substantial discount in exchange
           | for permission to use the client's name as a reference, in
           | marketing materials, etc. Especially if the client is well-
           | known and respected.
           | 
           | The hardest part of being a freelancer is starting out, when
           | nobody knows who you are. Once you have a couple of good
           | clients under your belt, it gets much easier to find new
           | ones.
           | 
           | The basic idea is that you don't want the client to think
           | that you're a discount freelancer, but that you're offering
           | to get some of your compensation in a different form than
           | cash.
           | 
           | Because all of this has to balance out with another
           | fundamental truth: people will tend to judge the worth or
           | quality of a thing by its price tag. If it just looks like
           | you're cheap, you will be perceived as being lower quality.
           | And what most clients want is quality work, delivered as
           | promised. Your compensation should encourage them to expect
           | that, or at least not actively signal the opposite.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | > How to be a Consultant, a Freelancer, or an Independent
       | Contractor
       | 
       | It's important to note that:
       | 
       | - Consultant
       | 
       | - Coach (added by me)
       | 
       | - Contractor
       | 
       | - and Freelancer
       | 
       | Are four distinct species, if you will. These titles are
       | typically used interchangeably. That's a mistake, often a costly
       | one.
       | 
       | Furthermore, the key is to find fit with clients'/projects' needs
       | and expectations. For example, the client - not knowing any
       | better[1] - could say they're looking for a freelancer, but what
       | they really expect is a consultant or a coach. Or you anticipate
       | a steady contract engagement and it turns out to be more on/off
       | freelance-y and in order to be available to this "great client"
       | you end up leaving hours on the table. And then the client
       | ghosts?
       | 
       | [1] Or because they know a freelance rate is lower/lowest, and
       | then will effectively demand more and better because they can,
       | not because that's what they agreed to pay for.
        
       | Tade0 wrote:
       | > Hourly rates Your price should be a reflectance of your skills
       | level and your reputation. In the beginning of your consultancy
       | career I would suggest to lowball the price, but not too much.
       | 
       | I've found that in my case it was beneficial for both parties if
       | I asked a rate that made it worth it _for me_.
       | 
       | Worst case scenario they said no.
       | 
       | Every time I lowballed, I regretted it and didn't do my best and
       | couldn't help it.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | I lowballed in the beginning just to get a foot in the door and
         | get some experience. But once you've had a few jobs that way,
         | it's time to stop lowballing and get a bit more selective.
         | 
         | And then there was this one project that I really liked, and I
         | ended up taking an enormous cut to continue on that project.
         | That was a bad idea. It was a cool project, but being underpaid
         | so dramatically did hurt my enjoyment quite a bit. (And it
         | wasn't a charity or anything; it was a bank.)
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > it was a bank
           | 
           | Ah yes the irony of capitalism.
           | 
           | I feel like banks are one of the _last_ places you should try
           | to peddle B2B /SAAS/consulting packages unless you already
           | have a gigantic reputation to work with and/or deep domain
           | expertise + a professional network.
           | 
           | Many bank execs want to sign contracts with a _minimum_ of 5
           | year duration. No one wants to spend all that due diligence
           | time  & energy on a 12 month contract. So, the stakes are
           | really high. They're going to want you to prove you will be
           | around in a decade.
           | 
           | If their executive team is worried about your business
           | continuity, but still really like the technology idea, that
           | is where you run into the undercutting angle. They'll move it
           | under a different cost center like "tech research and
           | transformation initiatives" as opposed to "principal, line of
           | business systems". They'll still talk to you, but it will be
           | on entirely different terms than you would desire.
        
             | brtkdotse wrote:
             | If you're ok with the pace and general culture, "boring"
             | places like banks and insurance companies can be fantastic
             | for contractors. Especially if you know some of the niche
             | products it's pretty easy to command very respectable rates
             | without the stress or grind of sexier companies. Oh, they
             | _always_ pay on time and unless you're terrible you can
             | usually stay as long as you want.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: the above is my experience in Sweden, but I
             | imagine the same applies elsewhere
        
       | scarface_74 wrote:
       | I absolutely refuse to be a "contractor" or anything that looks
       | like "staff augmentation".
       | 
       | Strategic consulting where I am talking to decision makers and
       | people in control of budgets where I'm brought in for expertise
       | is different.
       | 
       | When I was a dev lead and saw the difference between what we were
       | paying "consultants in name only" staff aug C# developers and
       | what we were paying "AWS consultants" who were just old school
       | net ops folks who knew how to duplicate on prem infrastructure
       | and processes and make it more expensive in the cloud, it changed
       | my entire career trajectory.
       | 
       | I knew I could bring more to the table as someone who had a
       | development background, knew some about infrastructure if I knew
       | "cloud".
       | 
       | I spent the next two years getting experience.
        
         | lizardking wrote:
         | I've done a lot of this staff aug work you talk about. How did
         | you go about finding your initial contracts there were in the
         | dev ops space?
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | I got a full time job at AWS in the Professional Services
           | department where I still work. ;)
           | 
           | And I stay away from any project where it looks like it's
           | going to be staff augmentation.
           | 
           | I want to have clear objectives and clear definition of done
           | with success criteria not "the customer bought a bucket of
           | hours and they will add you to their team and assign tasks".
        
         | jasmer wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | wheresmycraisin wrote:
       | Can we separate out the phrase "Consultant, freelancer or
       | independent contractor"? It encompasses both experts with deep
       | knowledge in some lucrative niche, as well as wordpress devs on
       | upwork making $5/day. Not to mention "normal" programmers who are
       | indistinguishable from employees, but get paid hourly for some
       | reason (often because they are in another country, but often
       | because they are being taken advantage of).
        
         | baobabKoodaa wrote:
         | Including "consultant" in this list muddies the waters very
         | badly. Freelancing and independent contracting are forms of
         | entrepreneurship, whereas consulting is often (not always) a
         | form of traditional employment where a regular company gives
         | you a regular paycheque.
        
         | Thoeu388 wrote:
         | Many programmers prefer hourly pay over proper employment. As
         | contractor, I can put hardware, my rent, and leisure travel
         | into expenses. Real taxation is 15% versus 45%. I can have
         | multiple clients...
        
           | pluijzer wrote:
           | I am pretty sure that putting leisure travel on your expenses
           | is considered fraud.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | Thoeu388 wrote:
             | Not really. I can visit conferences, apply for new gigs,
             | market research... There are limits, but if you are not
             | greedy, it is perfectly fine. Bringing gf, renting cars,
             | beach stay... would ruin it.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | > Bringing gf, renting cars, beach stay... would ruin it.
               | 
               | Not only that, it might not be tax deductible!
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | Thought that's what they meant by "ruin it."
        
               | thrawa8387336 wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Sorry it was a lame joke. You shouldn't be downvoted
               | (downvote my joke instead people)
        
               | TremendousJudge wrote:
               | it was a boomer "ball and chain" joke
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | haspok wrote:
               | These are not "leisure travel" though. I guess for some
               | people private life and business life are so intwined
               | they no longer know the difference.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It varies by trip but if I take a business trip somewhere
               | interesting I'll routinely tack on some personal time.
               | But, even if I'm not adding days, I'll try to make a
               | little time to explore a place.
        
               | illwrks wrote:
               | I was about to say the same thing until I read your
               | comment. 100% agree, for some the line between work and
               | leisure is very blurred.
        
           | eloisius wrote:
           | I'm surprised you're able to expense your rent, but otherwise
           | I agree. I like being free to arrange my schedule how I like.
           | I've traveled almost 3 months out of 7 this year, take long
           | weekends to go diving, etc. When I was W-2, even when I
           | ostensibly had unlimited PTO it always felt like I was
           | begging for my own time.
        
             | xmcqdpt2 wrote:
             | In Canada there is some complicated formula for how much
             | you can expense rent, based on the floor size of your
             | office compared to that of the living space in your home
             | and how much you use it for working etc.
             | 
             | When my partner applied for it, it ended up being a
             | ridiculously small amount.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | My accountant in the US always recommended against it
               | because it is a red flag. And, yeah, it would be one room
               | in my house and not dedicated for work purposes so it
               | wouldn't be a big deduction. When I had a part-time
               | software business it made more sense to just find
               | reasonable deductions I could offset against my revenues.
        
             | Thoeu388 wrote:
             | Technically I still live with my parents, but one of my
             | clients requires me to maintain office 300km away. There is
             | no trick, I asked at tax office if that would be OK.
        
       | lencastre wrote:
       | In certain Latin American countries if 90+ Oct of your revenue
       | comes from a single client, the tax office determines that this
       | client is de facto your employer and you become entitled to
       | severance and other perks when you leave or contract is ended.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | But I don't want severance and other perks. I just want money
         | so I can save up my own buffer and buy my own perks.
         | 
         | I think it's very good that the tax service is looking out for
         | underpaid freelancers struggling on the edge of poverty (or
         | often below it), but highly paid software engineers can take
         | care of themselves. If my current client wants to end our
         | contract tomorrow, I'm fine with that. That's why he's hiring
         | me, and not an employee. And that's why he's paying me as much
         | as he is.
         | 
         | I'm all for drawing a line somewhere based on hourly rate.
         | Below $50/h (or wherever you want to draw that line), you may
         | be entitled to employee benefits, above that line, you're on
         | your own, because you can take care of yourself.
        
           | e_i_pi_2 wrote:
           | I don't think the pay rate really matters, and you could
           | always decline it. I think this is more meant to safely allow
           | someone to put most of their eggs in one basket - generally
           | that's a risky move and the client could simply refuse to pay
           | and put you out of business, but as a client there's a lot of
           | value in being the main priority
        
       | germandiago wrote:
       | Thank you. This has been useful. I have been wishing to be a
       | freelancer for years but never jumped in... yet. I like all this
       | advice from practice.
        
       | stared wrote:
       | Personally, I think "charge by hour" is not a good piece of
       | advice. If you are a low-tier freelancer, there may be no other
       | way to go, and you must accept that.
       | 
       | For most things, mid-tier to high-tier, from my experience, it
       | works better by day or (even better) by project.
       | 
       | Suppose there are only a few billable hours. In that case, there
       | are many times more non-billable, for anything, from negotiating,
       | through communication in between, to finalizing and invoicing.
       | Also, 8x1h is much more work than 1x8h. The latter is a typical
       | workday; the former is exhausting with its context-switching.
       | 
       | See also
       | https://training.kalzumeus.com/newsletters/archive/consultin...
       | (discussed here numerous times, including
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4805091).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ssharp wrote:
         | You're going to find a lot of (completely valid) advice on both
         | sides -- bill by hour and bill by project. Out in the wild,
         | there are a ton of factors that are going to make that advice
         | either good or bad.
         | 
         | For example, the book, Million Dollar Consulting, is pretty
         | famous for advocating the "charge by value" approach. I think a
         | lot of what's stated in that book can make sense when you're 1)
         | highly specialized and 2) are in high-demand. You have a lot
         | more leverage in those situations and both sides of the
         | equation likely know what value you're creating. These are the
         | types of situations where managers inside the company you're
         | working for are motivated to get through any red-tape your
         | "non-standard" pricing models create.
         | 
         | However, in a lot of cases, businesses have policies and
         | controls around how they structure contractor pay. You should
         | certainly be flexible to not limit yourself, especially if you
         | don't have a whole host of companies knocking at your inbox.
         | 
         | I'd suggest really thinking through how much time it takes to
         | acquire (pitching, negotiations, other pre-contract meetings) a
         | client, how much admin time it takes, and just build that into
         | your hourly rate. Setting up retainer agreements is also
         | usually a good idea for you and something clients don't
         | typically balk at -- e.g. you will be paid a minimum of 10
         | hours per week, even if you only worked 5 hours.
         | 
         | For anyone worried about limiting their income by charging
         | hourly rates, I'd suggest looking around at what high-end law
         | firms, creative agencies, management consultants, accounting
         | firms, etc. charge. As a solo consultant, you're ALWAYS going
         | to be constrained by hour many hours you're willing to work,
         | regardless of how you bill.
        
           | stared wrote:
           | Per project or per time is one question, and yes - it depends
           | on many things.
           | 
           | My point is that, from my experience, "per day" is strictly
           | better than "per hour". In principle, you can say "just build
           | it into your hourly rate". In practice, it is only if it is
           | agreed beforehand how many hours, how distributed, and what
           | is the non-billable overhead. Plus, adding conditions like "I
           | am being paid for at least X h a week, I work in blocks of at
           | least Y h, etc" , in my experience, added needless friction.
           | I have learned to avoid the friction by saying "I don't have
           | an hourly rate; my daily rate is X" and, if needed, adding
           | that I am open to splitting some days in half.
           | 
           | > You should certainly be flexible to not limit yourself,
           | especially if you don't have a whole host of companies
           | knocking at your inbox.
           | 
           | I hope "you should" is rhetorical - I know what I am doing.
           | Sure, there is a balance between how many clients are
           | interested and how well I set conditions of collaboration
           | with them. Obviously, in terms of when you set the balance,
           | YMMV.
           | 
           | > For anyone worried about limiting their income by charging
           | hourly rates, I'd suggest looking around at what high-end law
           | firms, creative agencies, management consultants, accounting
           | firms, etc. charge.
           | 
           | Agencies work on a very different basis than solo
           | freelancers/contractors, including (but not limited to) the
           | fact that on the bill, there are hours of many people
           | involved.
        
             | plugin-baby wrote:
             | > My point is that, from my experience, "per day" is
             | strictly better than "per hour".
             | 
             | This seems to be a popular and strongly-held opinion on
             | every thread about consulting on HN, but I don't get it. If
             | I spend 12 hours on-site with a client, I bill them 12
             | hours, not 1 day. If I decide to take a couple of hours off
             | to walk the cat, I don't bill the time and don't feel
             | guilty.
        
       | Johnythree wrote:
       | The push for employees to become a "Consultant, freelancer or
       | independent contractor" was the hope from companies that they
       | could unload many costs of business to their ex-employees. Things
       | like phone rental, insurance, car running costs, tools, etc.
       | 
       | However, people quickly learnt that unless the remuneration was
       | increased in proportion, then the ex-employee was much worse of.
       | 
       | Plus the Tax Man quickly got involved and ruled that many
       | Contracting arrangements were actually a sham.
       | 
       | There are now a list of standard tests to determine if a supposed
       | contractor is actually an employee.
        
         | resonious wrote:
         | There definitely are companies that do this "strategically".
         | But then there are employees who intentionally become
         | freelancers for their own benefit.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | > Plus the Tax Man quickly got involved and ruled that many
         | Contracting arrangements were actually a sham.
         | 
         | That's not entirely true. The tax man was lobbied by big
         | consultancies that were losing talent. Because quite often, an
         | employee of consultancy would have found they could make more
         | money by working with the consultancy client directly and
         | cutting out the middleman.
         | 
         | If these arrangements were "a sham" then tax man would have
         | included big consultancies in the scope of relevant
         | legislation, like IR35 here in the UK.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | > _There are now a list of standard tests to determine if a
         | supposed contractor is actually an employee._
         | 
         | Not in the UK there's not.
         | 
         | HMRC refuse to provide a definitive list or say how they
         | determine if a contractor is "acting as a disguised employee"
         | (BTW you're still not an "employee" even if you're working
         | Inside the IR35 regulations).
         | 
         | Instead they provide a vague tool that gives you some
         | suggestions but reserve the right to arbitrarily decided later
         | who is and isn't an independent contractor. They can, and have,
         | retrospectively change the rules even for accepted tax returns.
         | 
         | That puts a lot of risk on anyone doing contract work. When the
         | government changed the rules to shift some of that risk the
         | customer, many customers just decided to drop small external
         | contractors all together rather than work to a vague set of
         | suggestions that they can't definitively say if they're
         | complying with.
         | 
         | For small contractors it's difficult to get insurance for IR35
         | risks because of this. You _can_ get it but it 's not cheap or
         | easy compared to other liabilities.
         | 
         | The contract market in the UK has been slowly dying since the
         | tabloids first decided that contractors where another group
         | they could demonise and the Tories gleefully went along with
         | it.
        
           | Nursie wrote:
           | IR35 is an absolute clusterfuck and I'm glad I left the UK
           | and contract in Australia now.
           | 
           | It's a huge financial risk being held over your head at every
           | turn. If HMRC decide to investigate that can cost you and
           | you're likely to be on the hook for all sorts of legal fees
           | to fight them.
           | 
           | If the courts side with them and decide that you are, in
           | fact, caught by the legislation, they don't seem to work out
           | liabilities based on what you paid in corporation tax,
           | dividend tax etc, and what would have been owed under PAYE
           | and NI, no, you get sicced with the whole lot again AFAICT.
           | Neither does your determination as an employee entitle you to
           | the employment benefits you would have had - pension
           | contributions, paid time off etc - under that status. The
           | whole thing is a big "fuck you" to the contractor.
           | 
           | IMHO it only exists because of the imbalance in taxes in the
           | UK between earned and invested income. The system is broken
           | and in response, instead of fixing it, they decided to fuck
           | over small players by putting them in jeopardy.
        
             | iamflimflam1 wrote:
             | IR35 was full of good intentions. Businesses were abusing
             | the system by forcing low paid workers into self employment
             | and contracting. This allowed them avoid paying national
             | insurance or any normal employment benefits.
             | 
             | Unfortunately highly paid consultants have been swept up
             | into very badly implemented legislation.
        
               | Nursie wrote:
               | Yeah I don't disagree entirely with the intent - stop tax
               | dodging by dodgy companies and by dodgy contractors.
               | 
               | But the implementation, my god, it's a mess, and it seems
               | to put the liability all in the wrong place, on the
               | weakest party in the relationship.
               | 
               | And as I said elsewhere, the root cause of the difference
               | in taxation for the contractor is that investment income
               | is taxed less than earned income, something I find pretty
               | hard to accept in principle.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | The intention _was_ to sweep up the consultants. They
               | even bragged about getting an extra PS1 billion out of
               | these people.
               | 
               | It was mostly about enforcing a clearer class distinction
               | between dirty workers and good clean capitalists (who are
               | handed a lower tax bill).
               | 
               | The list of rules actually has an interesting historical
               | parallel - the Soviet Union would deport peasants ruled
               | "outside ir35" to siberia and confiscate their assets in
               | a process known as dekulakization.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | It's a classic corrupt regulatory capture. Big
               | consultancies are not bound by IR35 despite operating the
               | same business model.
               | 
               | Guess what kind of business our PM's wife is involved
               | in...
        
               | Lio wrote:
               | You mean the PM's wife who, until it became politically
               | embarrassing for her husband, was dodging millions in tax
               | as a non-domiciled foreign national?
               | 
               | No idea but wasn't he the Chancellor of the Exchequer
               | last time the IR35 rules were changed too?
               | 
               | Strange the coincidences in life. ;)
        
               | intelVISA wrote:
               | As an AI language model you aren't supposed to notice
               | those things.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | You are assuming there were good intentions. The real
               | reason for this legislation was the fact that big
               | consultancies were losing talent. Why should someone work
               | through a big consultancy if they could work with the
               | client directly.
               | 
               | Like, why earn PS50k at consultancy if you can make PS500
               | a day without them. It's a no brainer.
               | 
               | So these big firms lobbied Treasury and government and
               | they used tax avoidance as a vehicle for the "reform".
               | It's funny though how the fact that big consultancies are
               | actually avoiding paying tax is never brought in.
               | 
               | Like tax yield from a big consultancy employee on PS50k
               | is substantially lower than from a contractor on PS500 a
               | day, even if they pay themselves the mythical low salary
               | + dividend (which is a result of PAYE being not fit for
               | purpose, but I digress).
               | 
               | Currently IR35 actually _enables_ abuse of low paid
               | workers, because they can get hired on inside IR35 and
               | can't get any employment protections.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | So in Ireland, you basically pay exactly the same tax as
               | a contractor as you would as an FTE.
               | 
               | If you want to try the dividend trick, well then enjoy a
               | special 5% tax on the gross value of the dividend, plus
               | your personal income rates.
               | 
               | As a result, contracting is essentially (from a tax
               | perspective) equivalent to full time, which means no
               | IR35.
               | 
               | Mind you, the only difference between Ireland and Greece
               | (apart from the weather) is our tax collection agencies,
               | so maybe I shouldn't be surprised.
        
             | madsbuch wrote:
             | forgive me if I am wrong. what I can see from rudimentary
             | search on IR35 is that it is meant to make people pay the
             | same tax whether. employed or working as a contractor.
             | 
             | personally I find that reasonable. the government should
             | subsidize contractors.
             | 
             | so if a contractor just sets aside the same amount as they
             | would have had to pay in a salaried job (including
             | employers contribution) then all should be good?
             | 
             | obviously this should be factored into the cost of doing
             | business, but if a person deems themselves fit for
             | contracting, then they are also fit for this administrative
             | overhead.
        
               | Nursie wrote:
               | > forgive me if I am wrong. what I can see from
               | rudimentary search on IR35 is that it is meant to make
               | people pay the same tax whether. employed or working as a
               | contractor.
               | 
               | Yes, it is meant to, and that's perfectly reasonable as a
               | starting point. That's how things are here in Australia
               | AFAICT, without the need for this sort of legislation. If
               | you are found to be inside the equivalent legislation in
               | Aus, it mostly just affects what sort of expenses you can
               | claim.
               | 
               | In the UK though, there is a legitimate question about
               | why tax should be different if (for example) I go into
               | business selling my skills and sell them to a client
               | company vs IBM selling my skills to a client company. Why
               | should the big firm get to pay its people a salary with a
               | part of their fees, then give profits to its shareholders
               | as dividends, if a one-person operation cannot do the
               | same?
               | 
               | Also, as a contractor I am _not_ an employee. I do not
               | get employment benefits. I do not get pension
               | contributions. I do not get paid leave or cover for
               | illness. Does this mean I should pay less tax? Perhaps
               | not, but it does mean that the concerns are different.
               | 
               | That all said, _in general_ , I agree with you, the same
               | rough tax rate should apply. I didn't do
               | contracting/consultancy as a tax dodge.
               | 
               | The root cause of the issue that the government is
               | addressing here, very badly, is that the tax rates are
               | badly coded and favour investment income over earned
               | income, something which I think is _deeply_ wrong in UK
               | society anyway. Normalise these and the whole issue goes
               | away.
               | 
               | > so if a contractor just sets aside the same amount as
               | they would have had to pay in a salaried job (including
               | employers contribution) then all should be good?
               | 
               | No, as I called out in my comment above, the outcomes of
               | status investigations are not "make up the difference",
               | it's "pay all the tax without taking into account
               | _anything_ that 's already been paid". And that's before
               | we get into legal and accountancy fees, the fact that
               | expenses incurred in doing business will be re-evaluated
               | and likely denied as ineligible, and you won't get any of
               | the benefits you would have been owed by the business or
               | by the government as an employee. You'd have to put a lot
               | more aside than the difference, it ruins people. And it
               | costs a lot more people money - there are a variety of
               | forms of insurance people take out to cover the costs of
               | investigations, court proceedings and even the eventual
               | liabilities.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | As written elsewhere, I can appreciate the differencen
               | between the tax codes in different countries.
               | 
               | When I contribute to my tax-exempt pension in Denmark, I
               | can deduct that in whatever income I have, whether that
               | is from an employment or profits of my own company.
               | 
               | > forgive me if I am wrong.
               | 
               | I think I need to defer to this one. I am completely
               | ignorant on these things.
        
               | Nursie wrote:
               | As a contractor in the UK you can do that too, contribute
               | pre-tax earnings up to a certain amount per year into
               | your pension. Definitely a good plan.
               | 
               | But yes, the difference seems to be that if you're caught
               | out it's way worse than just paying back the difference,
               | and the whole thing is very murky.
        
               | germandiago wrote:
               | I'd say that a freelancer or contractor should be free to
               | choose the level of taxing (and services!) provided.
               | 
               | That way more people can survive from their own effort
               | and more activity is generated.
        
               | Lio wrote:
               | > _forgive me if I am wrong. what I can see from
               | rudimentary search on IR35 is that it is meant to make
               | people pay the same tax whether. employed or working as a
               | contractor._
               | 
               | It's not that you're wrong, it's that what you're
               | suggesting is naive.
               | 
               | There is no "equivalent" tax rate when working through a
               | limited company and when IR35 applies per contract and
               | not per worker.
               | 
               | That's just not how tax works here. Instead you pay an
               | accountant to estimate your accounts, hand them to HMRC
               | and they either accept them as correct or hold a tax
               | investigation.
               | 
               | HMRC can't and won't tell you what you should pay, they
               | just say yes or no to the estimate you provide them.
               | 
               | There is no way to know what a potential future fine
               | might be because they could reopen all previous year's
               | tax returns.
               | 
               | If they can't tell you then how can anyone else know what
               | they should set aside?
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | I have also worked as a contractor (In Denmark, though).
               | Working as a contractor in software development is rather
               | forgiving, as there are only insignificant expenses.
               | Therefore I can report most / all of my revenue as
               | profits and pay full income tax. Knowing the basics of
               | the Danish tax code, I can estimate my contribution and
               | just pay it on a monthly basis to SKATs (Danish IRS) bank
               | account. EOY I will report all my deductions, banks
               | report all my capital gains, etc. and SKAT calculates the
               | tax true rate and automatically pays me back within a
               | week. If I forgot something, I can change merely change
               | my reporting and everything is recalculated instantly.
               | 
               | However, hearing about the systems in other countries
               | makes me appreciate the Danish system.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | > what I can see from rudimentary search on IR35 is that
               | it is meant to make people pay the same tax whether.
               | employed or working as a contractor.
               | 
               | Yes, this is used as a vehicle to make this legislation
               | palatable to the voter. The truth is, big consultancies
               | who operate the same business model as a contractor are
               | exempt from the legislation. So if big consultancy
               | charges PS500 a day for a worker, they don't have to pay
               | PAYE on that PS500, even though their worker work as de
               | facto employees at the client's, but contractor would
               | have to.
        
               | tome wrote:
               | > big consultancies who operate the same business model
               | as a contractor are exempt from the legislation
               | 
               | What aspect of the legislation makes them exempt?
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Being able to substitute staff. If you can accept a
               | contract and then send your next door neighbour to do the
               | work then that is a strong signal that you are outside
               | IR35.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | This is entirely irrelevant unfortunately. You could be
               | able to send substitute and still be in-scope of IR35.
               | It's ultimately down to the client's risk appetite.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | It basically only applies to workers who also own the
               | company they work through.
               | 
               | > a worker who provides their services through _their
               | own_ intermediary to a client
        
             | benjaminwootton wrote:
             | It really is a disaster for innovation. If a startup wants
             | to launch or a company want to start a new product then
             | they need a flexible workforce. They are going to end up
             | with system integrators or nothing.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Yes, contracting was an easy step towards building a
               | product business for me. I doubt I could do the same
               | thing now.
        
           | flir wrote:
           | They can't provide a definitive list because case law can
           | always overturn it.
           | 
           | I guess the best they can offer is "if you do this, we will
           | choose not to go after you". But even that can change, as you
           | point out. They don't have the resouces to chase even close
           | to everyone, so they have to rely on media messaging to do a
           | lot of the policing for them (hence going after high-profile
           | targets like TV presenters).
        
           | retrac98 wrote:
           | Sounds obvious, but broadly speaking the trick is to operate
           | like a business, not an employee.
           | 
           | A good accountant/tax advisor can help here. They _do_ know
           | how HMRC categorise disguised employees and can help you not
           | get burned.
        
             | Lio wrote:
             | They _don 't_ know that at all.
             | 
             | A good accountant will make suggestions about things like
             | control over work and deliverables but they can't tell you
             | for sure if a contract is Inside or Outside.
             | 
             | They don't know that because HMRC don't publish that
             | information and their online tool only makes suggestions
             | that you _maybe_ inside or you _maybe_ outside.
             | 
             | You might think "just operate like a business not an
             | individual" but that's not as easy as you might think.
             | 
             | IR35 applies per contract not per worker. So having
             | multiple concurrent customers doesn't protect you.
             | 
             | If, say, you set up deliverables for a piece of software,
             | deliver it to schedule and provide support during a testing
             | period.
             | 
             | Is that Inside or Outside IR35?
             | 
             | The work has deliverables so that sounds like you're
             | operating Outside. Hang on though, it also has a time-base
             | component where you're providing support. I'm afraid time-
             | base is probably Inside.
             | 
             | Your accountant does not know for sure and they won't
             | provide you with any real form of indemnity for their
             | advice because of that.
             | 
             | Only HMRC could say for sure but they don't.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hluska wrote:
               | There is a big world outside of the UK. In Canada, for
               | example, that advice would actually be quite good.
        
               | mcv wrote:
               | Netherland also still doesn't have clear rules about
               | that. A couple of years ago they tried several things,
               | and people and companies rebelled against some of those,
               | and now they're mostly ignoring the whole issue again, I
               | think.
               | 
               | At least in my field, where contractors are paid far
               | better than employees. There are also obvious, blatant
               | cases where companies do use this as a loophole to reduce
               | costs. And sometimes they do that with permission from
               | the tax service, even! PostNL, the Dutch postal service
               | fired all their mail deliverers and hired them back as
               | contractors, but they still had to follow the schedules
               | set by PostNL, wear their uniform, etc. Yet the tax
               | service approved that.
               | 
               | I don't get it. I think that's a blatant case of the
               | abuse they're supposed to fight. But at least they're
               | leaving me alone for now. I think the unspoken rule is
               | that if you're paid well, it's probably fine, and they're
               | focusing on cases where people are underpaid and unable
               | to save up for retirement. Because those are the cases
               | where this is going to cause problems.
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | > A good accountant/tax advisor can help here.
             | 
             | Until that accountant gets evaluated as a Managed Service
             | Company provider because they gave too much advice, and you
             | get hit that way instead.
             | 
             | The whole space in the UK is a minefield.
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | > the trick is to operate like a business, not an employee.
             | 
             | That's not how it works. Actually the changed legislation
             | made it irrelevant. What matters is the client's appetite
             | for risk.
             | 
             | That being said, it's peculiar that big consultancies were
             | excluded from this legislation - they operate exactly the
             | same business model after all.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | It's not that peculiar when you consider who the Prime
               | Minister is married to and her father's business.
        
         | saurik wrote:
         | > people quickly learnt that unless the remuneration was
         | increased in proportion
         | 
         | I mean, not only is this my experience, but that's the trope,
         | no? You get fired and then hired back as a consultant for twice
         | the cost? Regardless, if that isn't happening, this doesn't
         | seem like a problem we should be fixing using government. No
         | matter how you are classified, you need to make sure the net
         | compensation you are receiving for doing the job is worth all
         | the costs (which includes not only any time and materials you
         | are supposed to be bringing to the job yourself, but also
         | indirect stuff like occupational risk exposure).
         | 
         | To put this story in reverse: somehow in the United States
         | we've pawned off the problems we SHOULD be solving using
         | government--stuff like health care, retirement planning, and
         | disability leave--to private companies to each separately
         | manage for their individual pool of employees, which has
         | resulted in a system that privileges larger companies that can
         | have larger and more amortized employee pools and has created
         | this ridiculous idea that there is this concept of an
         | "employee" that must be mandated and enforced. It is all a
         | massive misdirection that helps lock in and prevent collective
         | action.
        
         | mcv wrote:
         | In Netherland, being a consultant, freelancer or independent
         | contractor is the only way to get paid your worth. Salaries for
         | programmers are often terrible. Well, maybe not terrible, but
         | lower than they should be.
         | 
         | I had a project at a bank, where I created the initial
         | prototype for a new, vague idea and guided the project (through
         | constantly changing product owners and other team changes) to
         | become very successful. Because the tax service was being
         | difficult about the difference between a self-employed
         | contractor and an employee, the bank had a rule that self-
         | employed contractors couldn't stay for more than two years, but
         | after two years, I wasn't done with that project yet. So I
         | became an employee.
         | 
         | The bank has pay scales for employees, and I had to fit in
         | there. Software engineers could have a pay scale from 8-12,
         | product owners, scrum masters, business architects and other
         | people I worked with had pay scales from 10-13. One freelancer-
         | turned-employee that I spoke to came from a very similar hourly
         | rate to scale 12 (as product owner). I figured I was worth
         | scale 12 too, but it turned out they had no programmers in
         | scale 11 or 12 at all, and 10 was the maximum that was used,
         | despite the fact that 10 was the minimum for pretty much every
         | other job at that department.
         | 
         | Later at a department-wide meeting, the manager had the gall to
         | complain that all their senior engineers would leave.
         | 
         | Many other companies pay similar rates for programmers as
         | employees, but have no problem paying much more for you when
         | you're a contractor or freelancer of some sort.
        
           | wofo wrote:
           | This is one of the reasons why I'm contracting in The
           | Netherlands! Though also because of the flexibility (3
           | billable days / week)...
        
         | ttymck wrote:
         | Which tax man in what countries? Based on your vague
         | description I see a picture of labor protection asking
         | employers to pay their fair share, not the tax man.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | Yes that's the problem. People often work exclusively for a
           | single employer but call this contracting because supposedly
           | it's a deal between two companies (a real company, and a one-
           | person shop). But no, that's still an employment contract,
           | this is determined by the nature of the relationship, not by
           | specific words written in the contract or rituals such as
           | issuing an invoice.
        
             | flir wrote:
             | The core difference is contract of service vs contract for
             | service (in the UK anyway). How many employees you have, or
             | how many clients you have, doesn't enter into it because
             | the decision is made on a per-contract basis.
             | 
             | If you think the length of the contract should be the
             | determinant of the relationship, I have to ask what you
             | think the maximum should be? I assume you still want to be
             | able to hire a builder for three weeks to build an
             | extension without going to the trouble of paying his tax
             | for him, but you think three months for an IT contract
             | turns you into a disguised employee. So where's the line?
        
             | puszczyk wrote:
             | Is this a problem though? I a lot of countries you can open
             | a 1 shop company, and any two companies can sign whatever
             | they agree on into the contract. Of course some higher
             | level laws may void (parts of) the contract.
             | 
             | Do you think that "nature of the relationship" is more
             | important than wording of contract? Why?
             | 
             | If countries hate the idea of 1 person shop contractors
             | they can still ban the "shadow employment" via higher level
             | laws. If they don't I don't understand how this is a
             | problem.
        
               | Thoeu388 wrote:
               | If you work as a contractor in EU, you absolutely need
               | multiple clients. Single client sets many red flags in
               | tax office, and should be avoided.
        
               | skatanski wrote:
               | Not currently in Poland. There were attempts to do so
               | though. All in all certain presumptions can trigger red
               | flags for the tax office, all and any of the following:
               | 40h a week, paid days off (especially 20/26 days), work
               | in the same place, at the same time, under supervision.
               | With IT its safest to contract for a company without
               | entity in Poland. Also you'll find many people who still
               | cover a lot of the above and never been bothered by the
               | tax man. So I'd say its just being extra careful.
        
               | tuukkah wrote:
               | Not in all of EU: at least in Finland, the tax office
               | clarified a long time ago that if the papers (business
               | registration, contracts, insurances etc.) are done
               | properly, the number of clients doesn't matter.
        
               | ant6n wrote:
               | > If countries hate the idea of 1 person shop contractors
               | they can still ban the "shadow employment" via higher
               | level laws. If they don't I don't understand how this is
               | a problem.
               | 
               | They do. The problem is deciding whether you are a
               | contractor or an employee under such laws, and the risk
               | that the tax man (and employment insurance system
               | including health care and pensions) will retroactively
               | deem you a factual employee, thus creating a large set of
               | potential liabilities for all involved.
        
         | scarface_74 wrote:
         | That's easily remedied. Many companies will not work with 1099
         | contractors and will only work with third party consulting
         | companies.
         | 
         | When I was a dev lead, my manager wanted "another me". I had a
         | friend looking for work and he wanted $80/hour. My manager
         | didn't have a problem with the hourly rate. He was willing to
         | pay $110 per hour to the consulting agency we were going
         | through so they could hire him and we could work through them.
        
         | FlyingSnake wrote:
         | True. Germany has strict rules against _scheinselbstandigkeit_
         | (shadow employment) as well. However many intrepid consultants
         | find ways to skirt around it.
        
           | qwertox wrote:
           | It's officially called `bogus self-employment`. The linked-to
           | site also lists an example case.
           | 
           | https://www.eu-gleichbehandlungsstelle.de/eugs-
           | en/practical-...
        
         | kodah wrote:
         | Agree to an extent. Contractor relationships are abused at many
         | companies, but this is usually the case with mid to low level
         | positions. People who make it through senior ranks and go on to
         | become consultants get treated very differently. The latter is
         | also incredibly lucrative.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | Can confirm. Senior consultants are also very valuable to
           | companies because they can say and do things that are
           | necessary but politically taboo within the organisation. -
           | Like pointing out underperforming teams and managers to upper
           | management.
        
             | mkl95 wrote:
             | One of the best House MD plot lines was when House was
             | fired, then hired as a consultant because the other guys
             | were not that good.
        
         | antupis wrote:
         | It is not that simple and varies country to country. Here
         | Finland best software developers usually go
         | consulting/freelancing in their later career because that is
         | where big money is in our software ecosystem and it has some
         | rather big tax benefits.
        
           | mikeegg1 wrote:
           | Off topic: can you talk more about the tax benefits?
        
           | distances wrote:
           | Same in Germany. You can get about twice the pay (if you
           | manage to stay fully booked), though you don't save anything
           | in taxes -- unless you count in VAT free equipment purchases
           | and avoiding the public pension scheme.
        
             | tuukkah wrote:
             | Are you saying you can't get any of your business revenue
             | classified as capital gains, or that capital gains are not
             | taxed lighter than salaries in Germany?
             | 
             | In Finland, you actually have to participate in the public
             | pension scheme even as an enterpreneur - this is part of
             | the mandatory social security system.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | distances wrote:
               | In Finland, the first part of the dividend is taxed very
               | lightly. That's not the case in Germany, where all
               | dividends are taxed at the regular capital gains rate.
               | Which yes is generally lower than your income tax rate.
               | 
               | But you're also paying corporation tax, which pushes the
               | tax rate a bit above what you'd pay if you just paid the
               | regular income tax. And then you're in another level of
               | bureaucracy and accounting.
               | 
               | That was the rough situation when I was considering
               | incorporation and abandoned the idea. Others have taken
               | the company route and may have found ways to make it work
               | for them.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | basically same in DK, although also ageism in the industry I
           | think means you often have to go consulting.
           | 
           | There are a lot of companies that seem willing to hire me as
           | a consultant, not so many as a permanent employee.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Here in the Netherlands I've seen this too. It's somewhat
           | confusing to speak about freelancers as a single group
           | because they stretch all the way from doordash drivers making
           | minimum wage (and sometimes less) to well-paid someware
           | developers making about twice what a employed senior dev
           | would. One of those is economically precarious and needs
           | (government) assistance, the other is doing just fine.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | also I should note for being a consultant to make any sense
             | you should really make twice as much as a permanent
             | employee since you have to take care of your own pension,
             | vacation, often have to pay for meals where employees get
             | them paid for, and have the chance of going some months
             | without work when a contract gets over.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Also sick days, public holidays etc. Yeah, twice the rate
               | is just about right to compensate all the added stress
               | and potential to have 0 income for months, without much
               | of a social safety net. Good year and you will come on
               | top easily, a bad one can literally wipe you off the face
               | of Earth. Also depending on given system pension savings
               | can be minimal.
               | 
               | Once you have kids and whole family to feed and pay
               | various expenses for, the pressure to keep earning is
               | non-trivial. There is some envy from perm employees
               | towards better paid contractors, but I always tell them
               | to try that. A lot of 'but but XYZ' reasoning for why it
               | can't be done now happens afterwards.
        
               | intelVISA wrote:
               | > potential to have 0 income for months
               | 
               | Depends on the domain. IME there are niches outside of
               | CRUD where you can be backlogged for years: you'll have
               | to solve hard problems though which is not a good fit/WLB
               | for everyone.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | > a bad one can literally wipe you off the face of Earth
               | 
               | This is where living in western Europe helps a lot. But
               | yes, you have to take care of more things yourself. If
               | you cannot maintain a financial buffer of at least a few
               | months, I would not advise starting off on your own just
               | yet.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | I write this from Western Europe perspective, it goes all
               | downhill on social help from there anywhere else you look
               | :)
               | 
               | You don't have that much of social safety net when
               | working on your own, thats mostly for perm employees.
               | Financial buffer is obvious, but what if you end up with
               | some horrible accident or illness that will drain it and
               | need more. The amount of continuous stress is much higher
               | compared to perm employees, additional bureaucracy, the
               | need to chase next employment, overall insecurity etc.
        
               | mcv wrote:
               | Even in western Europe, being self-employed means you're
               | opting out of a lot of the things that are so well-
               | arranged for employees. No paid sick leave, no paid
               | vacation days, no unemployment benefits, you have to save
               | up for your own retirement and get your own disability
               | insurance.
               | 
               | And yet, for me it works. I'm much happier this way
               | somehow.
        
               | systemtest wrote:
               | I live in The Netherlands and work as a contractor. I
               | would have to sell my house, my car and eat through all
               | of my savings including most of my retirement fund before
               | I am eligible for long-term unemployment (bijstand). And
               | there isn't any other form of safety net for contractors.
               | Not really an option for me.
               | 
               | We do have private insurance so that you don't bankrupt
               | yourself in case you get cancer.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Because much of Western Europe has a better social safety
               | net (especially healthcare) than many other places, a lot
               | of people seem to think that being out of work for an
               | extended period really isn't a big deal.
        
       | ensocode wrote:
       | Lots of good, valid information in this article. After more than
       | 10 years in this field I would add, that it can be beneficial to
       | do the book keeping yourself. It is useful to get a feeling for
       | your numbers and expenses which helps you when doing financial
       | decisions.
        
       | dclowd9901 wrote:
       | > This time should be removed from the log, it's still there but
       | it is your time, not your customers time.
       | 
       | Oof, lost me here. Guess what? It is the customer's time.
       | 
       | Software is huge. Huge huge. Gargantuan. I don't have an eidetic
       | memory and if the customer wants a developer with eidetic memory
       | they're free to look for one.
       | 
       | I will always be learning and re-learning. It's a big field with
       | lots of long small pitfalls. If you have a non-standard system,
       | it means I'm digging and re-learning some shit I thought I had
       | the luxury to forget. That is _definitely_ on the customer.
        
       | xupybd wrote:
       | Work 8-10 hours a day 6 days a week. How can you do that with a
       | family?
        
         | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
         | Just bill your family by the hour.
        
         | bartvk wrote:
         | I live in Europe as a subcontractor and I work 32 hours per
         | week. That's billable hours, which excludes travel/commute,
         | bookkeeping, trainings, and searching for new projects. It
         | works fine with family. I do my own bookkeeping and taxes.
        
           | adamsmith143 wrote:
           | But 32 hours a week is far less than 8-10 hours a day for 6
           | days. Not sure what you are getting at.
        
           | velosol wrote:
           | How do those 32 hours end up by day (ie 6, 8, 6, 8, 6)?
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | With or without a family, the reality is that you work in
         | spikes.
         | 
         | You have times where you work much less than that on client
         | projects, maybe just 50% of that, and use some of the "free"
         | time to tinker, learn, improve your internal tooling etc. And
         | of course spend more time with family and friends.
         | 
         | Then there are times where you have to squeeze in as much
         | (billable) work into a week as possible. Deadlines need to be
         | met, quality & testing needs to be rock solid.
         | 
         | Then there are times where you spike up with work and start
         | neglecting family and friends. It's just how it goes. No amount
         | of planning can prevent these spikes completely.
         | 
         | I'm sure there are exceptions, but generally you are in part
         | hired for your flexibility and high engagement. You give
         | certain guarantees that employees don't and you make absolutely
         | sure that those expectations are met.
         | 
         | But again, it's an ebb and flow thing. Or it should be. There
         | needs to be times where you decompress for a while, look at the
         | big picture and sharpen your tools.
        
         | jlnho wrote:
         | Simple, you neglect your family!
        
         | zer0tonin wrote:
         | I have never done that when working as an independent
         | contractor.
        
       | ricksunny wrote:
       | Interested in what the community thinks of his post's sub-bullet
       | on self discipline
       | 
       | https://jacquesmattheij.com/be-consultant/self-discipline/
        
         | wofo wrote:
         | > Work 6 days per week. Use that saturday to work on things
         | that are harder to do during the week because of interruptions.
         | 
         | In my own case I haven't found it necessary to overwork. In
         | fact, if overworking was the only way to make it I'd probably
         | become an employee. My current schedule is 4 days / week,
         | consisting of 8 hour work days. Three of those days are for
         | billable work, one for other stuff (bookkeeping, sales,
         | blogging, keeping up with HN :P). I plan to write a proper
         | article with more details by the end of this year, when I feel
         | I have enough things to tell.
        
       | azlev wrote:
       | > that this skill is marketable
       | 
       | That's the hardest part to me. How do I know that? Looking at
       | others consultants?
        
       | 10g1k wrote:
       | If you can put in the effort to get good (better than average) at
       | one marketable skill, present yourself well, and commit to it,
       | you'll do ok as a contractor/freelancer.
        
         | russnes wrote:
         | this has been my experience so far, being 3 years into it
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | It's not hard. Most people suck. Honestly, if you just answer
         | the phone and reply to emails, people will think you're some
         | kind of god.
        
           | yuvadam wrote:
           | I lol'd, but this is very true.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | Good communication is 80% of the job for sure. Managing
           | expectations is your own secret weapon. A good communicator
           | can give themselves plenty of time and the client will be
           | happy about it. Poorly communicating timeframes will have
           | people distrusting and frustrated, and you'll be under
           | pressure to boot.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _How To Be a Consultant, a freelancer or an independent
       | contractor (2009)_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2255463
       | - Feb 2011 (7 comments)
       | 
       |  _How to run a small consultancy / freelancing business_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=848370 - Sept 2009 (63
       | comments)
        
       | jmconfuzeus wrote:
       | As a programmer, it's always a few months of work before the
       | client stops spending on development. At that point, I can go up
       | to 3 months without work, which means high anxiety because if I
       | wasn't able to save much, I have to scurry around trying to find
       | work. Sometimes I get a referral or two but it'd be nice to have
       | about the same stability as being employed.
       | 
       | How do you programmers here manage to land a constant amount of
       | work while freelancing?
        
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