[HN Gopher] Three Reviews of J. Weizenbaum's Computer Power and ...
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       Three Reviews of J. Weizenbaum's Computer Power and Human Reason
       (1976) [pdf]
        
       Author : abrax3141
       Score  : 26 points
       Date   : 2023-07-16 23:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
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       | carapace wrote:
       | I got in a huge (for me) argument the other day with a fella who
       | was hell-bent on using AI to teach kids to read. I don't think I
       | got through to him at all. It was all the more frustrating
       | because he turned out to be a teacher!
       | 
       | To me it seems obvious that we let the robots do the drudgery to
       | free up our time to do the important things in life, like
       | teaching our children.
        
         | yinser wrote:
         | So would you agree with Weizenbaum that it's immoral to have a
         | computer teach a child to read? If the child doesn't have a
         | teacher available I assume you'd find that immoral as well but
         | then who should suffer for that immorality?
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | > So would you agree with Weizenbaum that it's immoral to
           | have a computer teach a child to read?
           | 
           | I'm not a moralist, so technically, no. As I pointed out in
           | sib comment, you have to have a theory of "good" before you
           | can have a moral structure to guide you to it, eh?
           | 
           | That's the challenge I see AI (et. al.) raising for humanity:
           | We have effectively defeated the prior order of things with
           | science and technology, now what? What is good? What are
           | people for? What _IS_ the ultimate question of Life, the
           | Universe, and Everything?
           | 
           | > If the child doesn't have a teacher available...
           | 
           | Then that's the problem to solve, eh?
           | 
           | Let the robots do the work and we can hang out with our
           | families, eh?
        
         | mcculley wrote:
         | Ever since I learned of Bloom's 2 sigma problem, I have
         | wondered how far we can advance humans with the aid of computer
         | tutors. I would never suggest that AI should be a replacement
         | for human teachers, but it could definitely supplement them. It
         | seems to me that cultures that do this will maximize human
         | capability better than cultures that do not.
        
           | carapace wrote:
           | > maximize human capability
           | 
           | Ah, you've touched to the quick.
           | 
           | The challenge of AI (and technology is general) is to answer
           | "What are people for?" or, in other words, "What is good?"
           | 
           | (Not to get ahead of the discussion, but I would suggest that
           | this is a question no computer tutor can help answer, except
           | perhaps in the negative?)
           | 
           | ------
           | 
           | edit to add: "Bloom's 2 sigma problem" I just looked that up
           | on the wikipedia. The guy I was arguing with was a follower
           | of Bloom. AFAICT I couldn't even begin to rattle him on the
           | idea that Bloom's whole thing is goofy from first principles.
           | 
           | I don't want to get into another argument on the subject of
           | Bloom.
        
             | mcculley wrote:
             | It is not clear to me what you are trying to say.
             | 
             | There are many humans not getting as much as enjoyment out
             | of life as they could because there was not enough human
             | teacher labor to help them.
             | 
             | I, at 51 years old, am making use of GPT-4 as a tutor on
             | topics I do not understand well enough.
             | 
             | I have zero doubt that computer tutors will help many
             | people flourish.
             | 
             | edited to add:
             | 
             | It sounds like you don't want to discuss this further, but
             | I would love to understand what makes you think Bloom's
             | findings are "goofy". I had to read his paper to form an
             | opinion about it.
        
               | carapace wrote:
               | > It is not clear to me what you are trying to say.
               | 
               | Two things, really.
               | 
               | The first is an economic argument: We've got these
               | machines that are [about to be] able to do anything a
               | human can do (at least in terms of economic activity) and
               | we have to figure out how to live with them, and I posit
               | that they should be made to do the drudgery to free us up
               | to do the good, human things, like teaching kids how to
               | be human.
               | 
               | The second point is epistemological. I don't think the
               | purpose of education is to secure a place in the economic
               | hierarchy ("Go to college to get a good job." however
               | common, is wrong.) The purpose of education is to teach
               | humans to be human, and that can only be done by
               | interaction with other humans. We start out as talking
               | apes, a kind of meat-robot, and we become self-aware
               | beings, or at least we have the opportunity to so become,
               | if we have good teachers around us.
               | 
               | A machine can help you accumulate facts, but it can't
               | educate you (in the sense that I'm talking about.)
               | 
               | (And that's why Bloom is goofy to me: you can't measure
               | "mastery" in any meaningful sense.)
               | 
               | > There are many humans not getting as much as enjoyment
               | out of life as they could because there was not enough
               | human teacher labor to help them.
               | 
               | I'd say that the problem is to supply more "human teacher
               | labor", not replace it with _ersatz_.
               | 
               | > I, at 51 years old, am making use of GPT-4 as a tutor
               | on topics I do not understand well enough.
               | 
               | I imagine at your age you've acquired the depth of
               | character and education to make good use of its
               | capabilities. Cheers!
               | 
               | > I have zero doubt that computer tutors will help many
               | people flourish.
               | 
               | If the machines turn out to be inexpensive inexhaustible
               | excellent teachers (and dare we hope, psychologists!?)
               | I'll be delighted to be proved wrong. I still think it's
               | preferable to have human tutors, and I'm excited by the
               | possibility of machines relieving people of drudgery to
               | free them up to spend more time with their families, and
               | so on...
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | > A machine can help you accumulate facts, but it can't
               | educate you (in the sense that I'm talking about.)
               | 
               | We are clearly on the precipice of having machines that
               | can model the human mind and help us figure out where we
               | are blocked on learning a topic.
               | 
               | > you can't measure "mastery" in any meaningful sense
               | 
               | This seems a ridiculous assertion to me. Bloom's
               | "Learning for Mastery" paper explains what he means by
               | mastery, which is quantified in tests.
               | 
               | I don't see how you can reconcile your belief that "We've
               | got these machines that are [about to be] able to do
               | anything a human can do" with your belief that "A machine
               | can help you accumulate facts, but it can't educate you".
               | 
               | I never thought or wrote that "the purpose of education
               | is to secure a place in the economic hierarchy". I
               | specifically wrote that we can use computer tutors to
               | augment human tutors.
               | 
               | The best we can do with human tutors is 1:1 tutoring.
               | With computer tutors, we will have a lot more capacity
               | available.
               | 
               | I meet many people who have been conditioned to think
               | that they are "not good at math" or that they "don't have
               | a brain for math or science" or that they are not
               | "artistic" enough to paint or play an instrument. I
               | think, in most cases, this is simply wrong and a
               | rationalization or conditioning. Most people just did not
               | have enough personal tutoring to get them past whatever
               | obstacle was next in the way to learning.
               | 
               | Computer tutoring is going to unlock potential, not just
               | for economic success, but to give humans more options to
               | explore whatever they want. Computer tutors will be able
               | to model the human brain and, like human tutors, know how
               | to rephrase something to help a student understand.
               | 
               | When I was a boy learning algebra and calculus, I had to
               | contend with my classmates for time from the teacher to
               | get explanations on certain questions. When I wanted to
               | learn an instrument as a boy, there was simply not enough
               | tutors available. Computer tutors will greatly amplify
               | teaching capacity.
        
       | hafiz221 wrote:
       | Hei
        
       | xhkkffbf wrote:
       | This was a big book at the time. It's kind of amazing that we're
       | still having the same debates about AI so many years later.
       | Almost 50 years later.
        
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