[HN Gopher] Infrared may no longer be a punchline, as IEEE appro...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Infrared may no longer be a punchline, as IEEE approves 9.6Gbps
       wireless light
        
       Author : el_hacker
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2023-07-16 15:59 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theverge.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theverge.com)
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Would this be easier to intercept from a distance?
        
         | letitbeirie wrote:
         | Probably harder in a practical sense - its signal doesn't
         | travel through walls or most commercial windows so the
         | intercepting sensor would have to be located in the same room
         | (if indoors) or have a heroic signal/noise ratio to avoid
         | getting washed out by sunlight (if not).
        
       | gweinberg wrote:
       | Strange title. If infrared is the punchline, what's the joke?
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | I imagine the idea is that infrared communication itself is a
         | joke, if you need higher speeds or have any objects in the path
         | of the beam.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Oh FFS. So they approve 9.6Gbps Li-Fi aka IEEE 802.11bb, and the
       | devices shown in the photo used inside a prototype is only
       | capable of 1Gbps, but every article including one submitted last
       | week said " _100x Faster_ " [1] than WiFi at 224 _GB_ /s or 1792
       | _Gbps_.
       | 
       | And just like 802.11be and 802.11ax, I had to read up on the
       | actual Spec again to understand WTF is going on instead of
       | relying tech reporting. And this isn't just a problem with
       | reporting, the actual PR of Li-Fi cant even do half its job.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36707789
        
       | coltonweaver wrote:
       | Am I correct that this would require direct line-of-sight for any
       | device using an antenna[0] enabling this? It seems a bit
       | impractical for your typical consumer use-cases if so, but maybe
       | beneficial for some more commercial scenarios.
       | 
       | Would love to know if I am wrong here though! It seems very
       | interesting.
       | 
       | 0: https://www.purelifi.com/products/light-antenna-one/
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | The idea is to put it in the ceiling (lightbulbs).
         | 
         | Light bounce also works, so if you are in a typical room the
         | walls also become antennas.
        
           | hfkwer wrote:
           | So if you turn your back on the ceiling light you lose your
           | connection?
        
             | assimpleaspossi wrote:
             | Light reflects off most surfaces so not necessarily.
        
       | PartiallyTyped wrote:
       | Does anyone even need 9.6Gbps wireless?
        
         | dvngnt_ wrote:
         | wirelessly streaming vr
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | Wireless laptop dock is one application. A 1080p monitor signal
         | is 3.2 Gbps. Dual monitors is 6.4 Gbps. One "4K" display is
         | 12.5 Gbps.
         | 
         | Wireless is notorious for quoting numbers that include protocol
         | overhead and assume a near zero noise and congestion
         | environment. The typical layer 7 throughput of 802.11 is about
         | half of the link rate. Of course it goes down from there
         | without line of sight in the same room.
        
         | sedatk wrote:
         | 640Mbps ought to be enough for everyone.
        
       | spdustin wrote:
       | I'd be curious to know how it impacts things like FaceID. Or if
       | bathing a room with rapidly modulated IR would affect
       | thermography (as used in, say, energy efficiency audits).
        
       | sp1rit wrote:
       | I remember my old Nokia brick having the ability to send files
       | and apps through an infrared thingy on its side. You could simply
       | hold two phones side by side from each other and transfer data,
       | but I remember handly anyone using it (I guess it was kind of
       | akwad to use - but probably still simpler than getting the
       | devices paird with bluethooth).
       | 
       | It wasn't nearly as fast the advertised speeds mentioned in the
       | article.
        
       | readams wrote:
       | I'm curious who has a problem that this solves. You need to have
       | line of sight to something very nearby. So you'd need to wire
       | 10Gb Ethernet to the LiFi points.
       | 
       | But then why not just use wired Ethernet?
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | This would be fantastic in my current apartment. My immediate
         | surroundings are completely saturated by WiFi access points
         | across both 2.4 and 5.x GHz making all wireless connections
         | unreliable at best, and the layout of my apartment is such that
         | the only way to have a wired connection in the living room
         | where my desktop sits is to run an ethernet cable across the
         | floor.
         | 
         | So I run an ethernet cable across the floor, and it's not
         | great.
         | 
         | I also think VR/AR use cases may benefit from this eventually.
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | I wonder, does this pollute the IR on your apartment so that
           | your TV remote would no longer work? Although with streaming
           | set-top boxes, those are using RF most of the time these
           | days.
        
         | robinduckett wrote:
         | Two university buildings separated by a privately owned house
         | or two springs immediately to mind. Not sure if they still do
         | but my local university used to have IR links between
         | buildings.
        
           | readams wrote:
           | They're not talking about point to point links here, but end-
           | user devices.
        
             | blincoln wrote:
             | Once it's widespread in consumer gear, I'm sure it's only a
             | matter of time before people start hacking it to operate
             | over longer distances, similar to what's been done with
             | custom WiFi antennas, parabolic dishes, etc.
        
         | ugjka wrote:
         | airports would be one case
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | Just a vaguely related anecdote, I consulted for a company that
         | had two offices on a river, in old converted houses, separated
         | by a marina. Running a cable proved problematic for various
         | reasons, both bureaucratic and relating to the nature of the
         | site.
         | 
         | To connect the networks between the two buildings, they had a
         | laser connection set up in the widow's walk on the buildings.
         | It worked great except when it was foggy or raining very
         | heavily, or when the marina moved a sailboat so that its mast
         | blocked the beam.
        
         | NortySpock wrote:
         | Conference halls, open plan offices, LAN parties, maybe data
         | scientist teams sharing large datasets around a room...
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Signals not propagating through doors or walls can be an
         | advantage for many applications, both for capacity and privacy
         | reasons.
        
         | flashback2199 wrote:
         | I'm imagining offices that put Li-Fi devices on the ceiling and
         | laptops made with Li-Fi in the edge of the screen lid so that
         | you can just open your laptop and it will start using the Li-Fi
         | for faster speeds.
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | > But then why not just use wired Ethernet?
         | 
         | This is a recurring question and one often answered by "people
         | rent houses/apartments and can't just run cables through the
         | walls".
         | 
         | I'm not all that sure what I'd use this specific technology for
         | over Wifi but I can understand why people don't use wired
         | Ethernet.
        
           | mabbo wrote:
           | I own my condo but have this exact issue. There are 1Gb Cat5
           | cables inside the cement walls and I cannot replace them if
           | they ever break, nor upgrade them.
           | 
           | Already this is a problem as I have 1.Gbit internet.
           | 
           | Edit: I am silly and wrote Mbit instead of Gbit.
        
             | ericbarrett wrote:
             | > There are 1Gb Cat5 cables inside the cement walls
             | 
             | I believe you when you say you can't replace them, but I'm
             | curious why? Every wire I've ever seen run through concrete
             | was in a conduit that could have replacements pulled
             | through it. Did they just run the wires and pour over them?
        
             | nullc wrote:
             | There is no such beast as 1Mb cat5. Do you mean 1gb?
             | Assuming the cables are in conduit you may be able to use
             | the existing cables to pull new cables. This usually works.
        
               | mabbo wrote:
               | Thank you, I had a brain fart and meant Gbit.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | What is one meg cat5? Isn't cat5 rated to one gig?
        
               | ElectricalUnion wrote:
               | CAT5 is in theory only rated for Fast Ethernet (100M)
               | while CAT5e is rated for Gigabit Ethernet. In practice is
               | very hard to actually find a cable that meets only CAT5
               | and not CAT5e.
        
             | sthuck wrote:
             | if you have coax cables in the walls then MoCA is a pretty
             | good solution. (Powerline is not)
             | 
             | also dear god I hope it's a typo and you meant 1Gb
        
               | debaserab2 wrote:
               | Is MoCA reliable? Just bought a new house and wiring
               | Ethernet into some of the rooms will be tricky, but a
               | previous owner already did coaxial in the whole house.
        
               | Klathmon wrote:
               | Extremely reliable, but it can get expensive to have to
               | buy a moca to Ethernet adapter at each point.
               | 
               | You want to stick with moca 2, and there might be some
               | gotchas with older coax wiring, but I previously ran it
               | for years without issue.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | I think I'm running into some of those gotchas with older
               | wiring. I've got moca adapters set up between a few rooms
               | and have periodic dropouts on one of them, which
               | unfortunately is the room with my wifi AP.
               | 
               | Traced the cables and the only splitter I can find is a
               | moca 2 aware one, and the coax cable that would have been
               | used for cable internet is unplugged so that's not
               | interfering.
               | 
               | Nice when it works, real pain to troubleshoot when it
               | doesn't.
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | The same reason people use Bluetooth audio. It's more
         | convenient because there's no cord. (But there's a battery to
         | manage, interference, pairing, and inferior audio quality).
        
       | jimmytidey wrote:
       | I remember reading that Royal Navy engineers maintaining nuclear
       | submarines use Li-Fi to connect their workstations to the
       | network.
       | 
       | They said it was a security requirement - does seem
       | extraordinarily elaborate. It feels like using wires could have
       | been a simpler answer...
        
         | jchanimal wrote:
         | Wires likely permit too much side-channel to be safe.
        
         | throitallaway wrote:
         | Interesting and agreed. Is it more secure (or less detectable)
         | than Ethernet? I suppose Ethernet has some form of magnetic
         | radiation. I wonder what all this infrared light bouncing
         | around will do to us monkeys.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | Make us infinitesimally warmer?
        
       | njanirudh wrote:
       | Is https://youtu.be/Rw-QZuGVP3o somehow related to the technology
       | in the article.
        
       | hparadiz wrote:
       | If I have a room full of these can they communicate with each
       | other to provide a connection? This reminds me of base stations
       | for my VR setup where my feet trackers will sometimes lose
       | connection due to a physical obstacle like a desk. The solution
       | is to add more base stations typically or make your space more
       | sparse.
        
         | gochi wrote:
         | They ran a case study at a school, you can scroll down and see
         | their overview setup which did what you're talking about, a
         | room full of them providing a connection:
         | https://www.purelifi.com/case-studies/lifi-in-the-classroom/
        
       | deepnotderp wrote:
       | One day the use of self-accelerating beams (which can bend/turn
       | by themselves) may remove the line of sight limitation.
       | 
       | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/7/4/341
        
       | blincoln wrote:
       | Seems like the fact that it's a "tightbeam" vs. WiFi's broad
       | coverage could result in some fun niche hacks like tiny
       | autotracking IR transceiver turrets that follow devices around a
       | room or (working together to hand off the connection) a building,
       | or larger versions that keep two transceivers pointing at each
       | other over a longer point-to-point link. Who will be the first
       | hobbyists to establish a LiFi link bounced off of one of the old
       | retroflectors on the moon?
       | 
       | If the IR is bright enough, it might even make sense to put a NIR
       | camera in every access point so it can double as an unobtrusive
       | security camera, and/or track devices (for beam-forming, forensic
       | information for physical security staff, etc.).
        
         | jdblair wrote:
         | No mechanical turrets needed! Just use a flat, stationary,
         | phased array infrared emitter.
        
           | nuccy wrote:
           | Do you have a reference on any of those? I can only find
           | papers about lab setups. Since wavelength of IR is much
           | shorter phase control of different emitter is much harder to
           | accomplish than in the radio. Moreover thermal deformation of
           | the device would affect the phases much more significantly.
        
       | hilbert42 wrote:
       | Why such a puny speed?
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | People seem to be conditioned to the choppy and slow wifi
         | speeds, so slower-than-Ethernet speeds can still sound
         | appealing in comparison.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | Right, I think conditioning is definitely part of it, but my
           | point was (as I hinted elsewwhere) the move to optical would
           | have allowed for a vastly better performance with little
           | additional overhead.
        
         | coltonweaver wrote:
         | The theoretical limit of WiFi 6E is 2,500Mbps:
         | https://www.highspeedinternet.com/resources/wi-fi-6-vs-wifi-...
         | 
         | This would be nearly 4X that.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | Perhaps so, but this new standard reminds me of the born-dead
           | USB1 standard, which at the time of its launch was so slow as
           | to be almost useless.
           | 
           | This new _optical_ standard is only about 50% faster than the
           | now-ancient _copper_ SATA standard of 6Gbps. It has stuff-all
           | reserve for future development!
           | 
           | Every time we have one of these new standards, Wi-Fi
           | whatever, they are just a bit above the previous standard and
           | never at the limits of the tech. There is never enough
           | reserve to give them decent longevity. It's as if those
           | manufacturers involved in setting standards were making a
           | standard that would be quickly obsolescent--that is, they'd
           | guarantee ongoing production/sales without much effort.
           | 
           | It's been such a consistent problem for so long that it has
           | shades of the Phoebus cartel about it. As always, the user
           | ends up paying more because of premature (planned)
           | obsolescence.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | It's not competing with SATA, it's competing with WiFi.
        
             | supertrope wrote:
             | Electronics is an extremely cost conscious industry.
             | There's not a viable market for massive jumps forward if
             | the laptop would cost 10x. Approaching the Shannon Limit
             | also is at odds with maximizing battery life. Recent
             | Macbooks only have 2x2 MIMO. Presumably 3x3 MIMO used
             | relatively too much power, space, or BOM.
        
               | fulafel wrote:
               | IR is 0.3-100 THz, so the bands can be very wide and
               | don't need to approach theoretical bandwidth efficiency
               | limits to get lots of bits over, no?
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | Fine but this is an optical standard, and if worried
               | about power then automatic and or fixed limit throttling
               | could remedy the problem.
               | 
               | The link _sp332_ has provided says it all, reckon it
               | supports my case.
        
             | zokier wrote:
             | > This new optical standard is only about 50% faster than
             | the now-ancient copper SATA standard of 6Gbps
             | 
             | you are surprised that free-space optical transfer over
             | many(?) meters is "only" 50% faster than data transfer over
             | <1m carefully constructed differential coax-pairs?
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | _> It 's been such a consistent problem for so long that it
             | has shades of the Phoebus cartel about it._
             | 
             | Which wasn't what the general public thinks it is and, much
             | like equating short-run in-device transports with lossy,
             | room-distance ones, is a good signal that one is comparing
             | apples and trailer trucks.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zb7Bs98KmnY
        
         | Pet_Ant wrote:
         | Well the speed is the speed of light, ideally this should have
         | low latency. The datarate will be effected by how quickly you
         | can turn on and off the light and that will have some limits.
        
           | manmal wrote:
           | Latency in WiFi comes from interference and contention (wait
           | until other devices have finished sending; this has improved
           | with Wifi6 AFAIK), and some other, probably less significant
           | factors. Travel time of the signal through air should be the
           | same.
        
           | bragr wrote:
           | As apposed to radio waves which also travel at the speed of
           | light?
        
             | bombela wrote:
             | Light and radio waves are the same physical phenomenon. The
             | difference is the frequency. Light is much much higher
             | frequency than radio. Nuclear radiation are even higher
             | frequency. Maximum throughput with maximum damage!
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | The LiFi page claims much higher speeds. https://lifi.co/lifi-
         | speed/
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | That 224GB/s figure is some serious bullshitting. For
           | comparison, the fastest optical ethernet transfer over fiber
           | is 800Gbps or 100GB/s, and even that is over 8 fiber pairs
           | and still in-development tech. Claiming to do over twice of
           | that in free-space with "common household LED light bulbs" is
           | pretty ridiculous.
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | Right, now look at this standard by comparison.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | It's faster than most computers wired Ethernet.
        
       | letitbeirie wrote:
       | This is pretty cool - being able to identify/segregate traffic by
       | its _physical room_ seems like it would be a useful tool for
       | anyone in security, university professors giving exams, etc.
       | 
       | I can't really see it totally replacing WiFi though. It's hard
       | enough to get a TV remote to work outside in the shade - getting
       | higher-bandwidth IR-based WiFi to work outside in the sun
       | seems... ambitious?
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | IrDA above 115kbps is basically dead, and I don't think anything
       | beyond 4MBps is feasible (ie: months spent on an FPGA to handle
       | all the issues)
       | 
       | I'm a big fan of using simplified IrDA in 2023 in hobby
       | electronics. But I don't see a smooth path to 9.6Gbps.
       | 
       | 1Mbps to 10Mbps is already exhausting for me to think about.
       | 
       | --------------
       | 
       | Is there any industry chip with planned development to handle
       | this standard? Finding a damn LED and Photodiode that is
       | guaranteed faster than 20ns to feasibly handle 4Mbit is
       | horrifying. Let alone the signal processing circuits (I think you
       | need 20Mhz OpAmps which isn't a 6001 or lm358 if you know what I
       | mean) or FPGAs needed to handle this relatively low speeds.
       | 
       | Or are we doing some kind of multi-frequency multi LED thing? Are
       | there any LEDs or Photodiode that can emit and detect such a
       | narrow band? What are the sources of IR noise to mess with those
       | frequencies?
       | 
       | -------
       | 
       | Oh, but 115kHz is plenty useful for a hobbyist and I highly
       | recommend people playing with that.
        
         | _trampeltier wrote:
         | There are much faster IR Links for industrial application. They
         | are for example used in automatic crane application. I don't
         | know the data rate just now, but we have a crane with a such
         | Profibus link since over 20 years in our factory.
         | 
         | https://www.leuze.com/en-us/products/optical-data-transmissi...
        
         | flashback2199 wrote:
         | Edit: I re-read your comment and I think I see what you might
         | have meant now. I think you were asking if there would be a
         | solution for low speed devices to use this standard.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | I'm asking if the LEDs that support 9.6Gbps (what is that? A
           | 1ns or faster LED?) even exist in any substantial way.
           | 
           | Isn't that like, laser speeds? Not overhead LED speeds. And
           | over the air? Not inside a fiber line?
           | 
           | This is basically a 10Gbps standard for fiber lines except
           | over the air. All those issues need to be solved without the
           | guarantees or isolation that fiber optic lines provide.
           | 
           | That's just transmit. Receive has to deal with the same
           | issues, amplifiers and other electronics that move at the
           | requested speeds.
        
             | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
             | Could one PWM such a light to display high bit color
             | content? By my estimates: to send 9.6Gbps, you need (at
             | least) 9.6 GHz, and that's 160,000,000x faster than 60hz.
             | log2(160 million) = 27.3 bits.
             | 
             | I'm sure that this idea is more of a fun hackaday-style
             | gimmick (i.e. not productionizable for various reasons),
             | but would be fun to see.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | Couldn't you just use a laser and a lens?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | I suspect that IEEE 802.15.7 might be more up your alley, maybe
         | also .13 (esp the pm phy variant).
        
       | wiradikusuma wrote:
       | "..instead of having wifi that someone can tap into.." so, use
       | Ethernet cable?
        
         | throitallaway wrote:
         | A lot of this does feel like reinventing the wheel. However,
         | it's slightly more convenient than being tethered with a wire.
        
         | gochi wrote:
         | Sure let me attach an ethernet cable to my VR headset, and then
         | magically pull another from the wall to attach to my laptop.
         | Can't forget the mystical third wire which I need for my phone!
         | 
         | Hopefully it doesn't take much to grasp the benefits of
         | ethernet without a cable directly to your device at all times,
         | right?
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | But those devices, particularly the VR headset and mobile
           | phone, are not good candidates for an IR-based networking
           | solution as their use-case inherently has a lot of movement.
           | What good is a VR headset that loses connection with the host
           | computer when you accidentally block the receiver while
           | moving around?
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | As someone pretty sensitive to CFL/LED flicker, the idea of this
       | being everywhere is worrying.
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | LED flicker is 50 or 60 Hertz, this technology would be Giga-
         | Hertz. And it's infrared. Your eyes won't see a thing.
        
           | mrob wrote:
           | 50 or 60Hz is low enough that even people who aren't
           | sensitive can notice it. Cheap LED lighting more often
           | flickers at 100 or 120Hz, using a bridge rectifier with a
           | series capacitor to limit the current.
        
         | fatfox wrote:
         | it's invisible
        
       | zadler wrote:
       | Years later, we'll find out that it messes with people's sleep...
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-16 23:02 UTC)