[HN Gopher] A Nihilist's Guide to Meaning (2016)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Nihilist's Guide to Meaning (2016)
        
       Author : nickwritesit
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2023-07-14 11:27 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (meltingasphalt.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (meltingasphalt.com)
        
       | abdulhaq wrote:
       | For a nihilist this feels like a lot of verbiage about meaning
        
       | pcwelder wrote:
       | > Supposing there's no ultimate, objective, metaphysical thing
       | called meaning
       | 
       | I disagree that there can't be a rationally derived objective
       | utility function (purpose of life) that we can assign to
       | ourselves.
       | 
       | For one thing, we can objectively discard some types of utility
       | functions, for example, the utility functions that have arbitrary
       | discontinuity in time.
       | 
       | One also might argue, for example, that utility functions should
       | be approximately constant at time scales much smaller than our
       | perception.
       | 
       | If no single utility function, we can at least objectively find a
       | class of utility functions (or purpose).
        
         | gxs wrote:
         | >> I disagree that there can't be a rationally derived
         | objective utility function (purpose of life) that we can assign
         | to ourselves.
         | 
         | Ah, I love HN for these types of comments - I'm not even being
         | facetious here.
         | 
         | The author casually dismisses the idea that you make/find your
         | own meaning, then spends the rest of the article doing exactly
         | that.
         | 
         | He's trying to find an explanation for the general case, yet in
         | the end it will be his own personal opinion explanation.
         | Interesting article, nonetheless.
        
       | catsarebetter wrote:
       | I've found that the antidote to pessimistic nihilism is
       | optimistic nihilism. Going from the "world has no meaning, why do
       | anything" (perhaps existentialist) to meaning the "world has no
       | meaning, why don't I just do a bunch of things?" is a reasonable
       | leap.
       | 
       | The antidote to nihilism itself could be to accept lack of free
       | will. Accepting lack of free will means that you get to enjoy the
       | passage of time. Jimmy Carr said this and I really like it.
       | Relinquishing control in a way that you allow your nature and
       | your perception of the world to unravel itself to you. Ironically
       | it makes the journey so much more beautiful.
        
         | shrimpx wrote:
         | This reminds me of Dostoevsky's saying "God is dead, therefore
         | everything is permitted".
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | This whole thread seems ridiculous to me. It just looks like
           | "people needlessly complicating how they think about life".
           | Why do you have to _permit yourself_ to do anything? At least
           | appealing to a higher power justifies why you would feel
           | restricted. Nihilism just isn 't for me, I guess.
        
             | catsarebetter wrote:
             | That's philosophy in a nutshell haha.
             | 
             | Some people tend to be thinkers and others are doers.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time (of the article):
       | 
       |  _A Nihilist 's Guide to Meaning_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12078784 - July 2016 (249
       | comments)
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | > This may be nihilism, but at least it's good-humored.
       | 
       | Whiffed on the fact that humor itself here is meaning. Explaining
       | away positive experiences as "illusory" (which is, without
       | evidence that it IS in fact "illusory" instead of just being
       | conjecture based on currently-known facts, simply "gaslighting"
       | to me), is the problem of nihilism (IMHO).
       | 
       | Anyone ever consider the odd fact that every nonliving thing in
       | the universe always tends toward higher entropy, but living
       | things take this weird (and unexplained, thus far, to me) detour
       | into lower entropy/higher organization, at least for a time
       | (until death permits entropy to take over again)? That to me is
       | particularly peculiar, and seems to fly in the face of
       | materialist arguments that basically equate life to "non-life,
       | but with more steps".
        
         | supazek wrote:
         | >living things take this weird detour into lower entropy
         | 
         | Take a look at "Into the Cool" by Eric Schneider and Dorian
         | Sagan. It's about as academic as it can be while remaining
         | accessible. It's basic premise builds off of the truism that
         | "nature abhors a gradient" and attempts to lay out a theory
         | that the gradient of solar energy falling on the planet (along
         | with a plethora of other rarer factors) generated higher-
         | complexity constructs as a way to absorb and reduce that
         | gradient. There are plenty of non-living phenomena in nature
         | which are subtly very organized but which result in net
         | increases in entropy in the longer term. One of the examples
         | described in the book are a kind of voronoi cell pattern that
         | emerges when heating a thin layer of oil which succeeds in
         | reducing the temperature gradient very effectively. Even if it
         | isn't a hard hitting proof of _the_ abiogenetic mechanism it is
         | still a very interesting read.
        
           | photonthug wrote:
           | Other places to start reading about entropy in biology:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopoiesis
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01318-z
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | oh wow, this DOES look fascinating. Thanks!
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | One example of non-living matter tending towards lower entropy
         | is the formation of mineral crystals in void spaces in rocks.
         | This does require a high-energy input, i.e. heated water
         | dissolving large volumes of silica which later slowly
         | crystallize. The entropy of the silicon and oxygen atoms in the
         | quartz crystal is lower than that in the dissolved aqueous
         | state.
         | 
         | Similar effects are postulated to be involved in the origin of
         | life, with energy sources like oceanic hydrothermal vents
         | providing the energy sources driving the synthesis of complex
         | organic molecules which eventually developed the capability of
         | self-replication, aka decreasing randomness, increasing order,
         | lowering local entropy.
         | 
         | A mechanistic 'non-living' model of life, entropy-wise, could
         | be a waterwheel driven by a river (of sunlight and geothermal
         | energy) which operates a sawmill, a steel mill, a chip fab, a
         | robot factory, a paper mill and a printing press - with each
         | generation of robots building more waterwheel-based units based
         | on the instructions (DNA) provided by the printing press. This
         | all relies on a robust source of energy, since the Gibbs
         | equation (dg = dh - tds) says that for a process to move
         | forward, the energy release (dh) must be greater than the
         | entropy reduction (tds) that it is coupled to. Such a system
         | meets all mechanistic definitions of life without being
         | alive... a philosophical conundrum I suppose.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cosmojg wrote:
         | You reminded me of this old article: "A New Physics Theory of
         | Life" https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-new-thermodynamics-
         | theory-o...
         | 
         | I've always thought of biological life as being the macroscopic
         | analog of enzymes. We're literally big balls of protein
         | catalyzing reactions and overcoming activation energies to
         | accelerate the heat death of the universe.
        
       | ta20220714 wrote:
       | "If the whole universe has no meaning, we should never have found
       | out that it has no meaning: just as, if there were no light in
       | the universe and therefore no creatures with eyes, we should
       | never have known it was dark. Dark would be without meaning."
       | 
       | - C.S. Lewis
        
       | mawadev wrote:
       | Absurdism > Nihilism
        
       | Aerbil313 wrote:
       | How ironic. People (excerpt from article) "from an early age
       | learn to accept the basic meaninglessness of the universe" then
       | go on to write an article titled A Nihilist's Guide to Meaning.
       | 
       | All of science is based upon human intuition axioms, yet people
       | reject some human intuitions and accept others so stubbornly. A
       | video which discusses this among other things:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNlEtBZxML8&list=PLcnL9bB-q3...
        
       | grog454 wrote:
       | I think the purpose of life is clearly demonstrated by what it
       | does all the time: resist and reverse entropy.
        
       | jononomo wrote:
       | "Science taught me that it's all just atoms and the void, so
       | there can't be any deeper point or purpose to the whole thing;
       | the kind of meaning most people yearn for -- Ultimate Meaning --
       | simply doesn't exist."
       | 
       | Sheesh, what kind of BS science did this guy get taught? Science
       | discovered the Big Bang, which is essentially a proof of God's
       | existence, and the more science we do around the molecular
       | biology and the origin of life the more obvious it becomes that
       | life was intelligently designed. At this point the existence of
       | life can be considered a definitive proof of the existence of
       | God.
       | 
       | This guy got a second-rate science education for sure.
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | "Big bang cosmology proves (my particular brand of) The
         | Almighty God" is what is known in the academia as "Facebook
         | science".
         | 
         | It may sound great, it may conform to your beliefs, it may be
         | satisfying to say, and feel just right. But I'd imagine out of
         | the thousands upon thousands of papers published on the topic
         | of big bang cosmology, there would be just one which says "oh
         | and by the way this is definitive proof that a God exists".
         | 
         | And none do.
        
       | c-hendricks wrote:
       | > Nor was I satisfied with the obligatory secular follow-up, that
       | you have to "make your own meaning."
       | 
       | > ...
       | 
       | > I mostly adopted the attitude of ... existence is fundamentally
       | playful.
       | 
       | Sounds like you've made your own meaning!
       | 
       | > This may be nihilism
       | 
       | It's not. Literally, nihilism ends at "life / existence has no
       | meaning". Trying to put a positive or negative spin on it takes
       | it away from nihilism. Or, positive nihilism is closer to
       | Hedonism, and negative nihilism is curmudgeonisn.
       | 
       | I think I hate philosophy.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | I disagree with this definition of nihilism.
        
           | c-hendricks wrote:
           | Howso? Not attacking, curious what your definition of
           | nihilism is.
           | 
           | I don't know the proper term, but nihilism, as a word, stops
           | itself short. I almost think "nihilists" are like centrists,
           | they need to shit or get off the pot
        
         | ryanklee wrote:
         | There is a whole strain of nihilism called positive nihilism
         | initiated (explicitly) by Nietzsche.
        
           | c-hendricks wrote:
           | "However, Nietzsche thought of nihilism as a disease, calling
           | it 'pathological.' He argued that we should strive to rid
           | ourselves of it."
           | 
           | So if Nietzsche argued we should use "positive" (/active)
           | adjective to rid ourselves of nihilism, wouldn't that mean
           | that putting a positive spin on it removes the nihilism?
        
       | reliablereason wrote:
       | Very few words about meaning as i would define it, but lots of
       | words about things in life that have emotional value.
       | 
       | Meaning as would define it is this: "The purpose or a description
       | of something (as described within some context)/(in relationship
       | to some model)."
       | 
       | A core difference between my view and the authors view seams to
       | be that the author somehow starts with the premise that the
       | sentence "what is the meaning of life?" is somehow a valid
       | question. With that as a start the author manufactures a context
       | around the question that answers the question, by doing that the
       | author reframes the question in to a new question that can be
       | answered. The new question is however not the same question as
       | the original one and the answer is thus not the answer to the
       | original question.
       | 
       | The original question lacks a context and is thus an invalid
       | question, invalid questions can not be answered(only reframed,
       | then answered).
        
       | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
       | Everybody in this thread better forget all this BS if they want a
       | shot at happiness and satisfaction.
       | 
       | Go lift weights and stop living inside your head, we were never
       | made to be so comfortable to have time to ponder these concepts
        
         | ryanklee wrote:
         | It's important to touch grass, yes, but dismissing the project
         | of figuring this stuff out is unwise. There is a reason that
         | these problems keep coming up for people, and it's not because
         | they aren't hitting the gym enough.
        
           | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
           | It's because people are too comfortable, we evolved to think
           | about the next 24 hours, not the next 24 billion years.
           | 
           | If you didn't do the former you'd literally die, now that's
           | not true anymore, but it doesn't mean that we are equipped to
           | do the latter, and in fact those who try always end up with a
           | huge burden of anxiety and unhappiness.
           | 
           | The same mental energies should be focused back again on the
           | next 24 hours. We are not at risk of death in the next 24
           | hours anymore, but we should be able to find the subtle
           | differences that make our day better.
           | 
           | A better brand of coffee, exercise, walking the dog, talk to
           | strangers, join a club or a sports team etc.
           | 
           | It's not that grandiose compared to discovering the true
           | nature of reality or the writing the "guide to meaning"
           | (whatever the fuck that means) , but at least it's real,
           | actionable and doable, NOW!
        
       | ttctciyf wrote:
       | What's next, a solipsist's guide to social interaction?
        
         | RosanaAnaDana wrote:
         | A hedonists guide to temperance.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Epicurus would approve.
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | As would utilitarians, per context anyway.
        
         | nullindividual wrote:
         | This is a new one to me, so forgive me if this is answered, but
         | wouldn't solipsism require that the individual be able to
         | manipulate their own reality as it posits reality is personal
         | in construction? Similar to a lucid dream state.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Not really, for all intents and purposes we are a brain in a
           | jar with a bunch of electrodes sending signals.
        
             | nullindividual wrote:
             | Ok, that perspective makes more sense. Thanks!
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | > I have a degree in philosophy, but haven't read any of the
       | classic literature on this subject, so I'm almost certainly
       | reinventing the wheel.
       | 
       | This shows when you call both Watts and Vonnegut a nihilist.
       | Absurdism for example is not the same as nihilism.
        
         | bamfly wrote:
         | Vonnegut wasn't "a nihilist" (not... many people are, really?
         | Approximately zero? Not in some all-encompassing sense,
         | anyway--"I'm a nihilist" usually means subscribing to some
         | philosophy that features nihilistic elements in _some parts_ of
         | it, or to having accepted, specifically, existential nihilism
         | as a ground truth for one 's further exploration of philosophy)
         | but definitely expresses elements of existential nihilism in
         | his writing, which is what people usually mean when they say
         | stuff like "I'm a nihilist" or "so-and-so is a nihilist":
         | rejection of (the possibility of) objective meaning or purpose.
         | 
         | Nihilism's a feature of positions/schools more than some
         | philosophical school of its own, and that feature's strongly
         | present in much of Vonnegut's work. Existential nihilism is a
         | _key element_ of absurdism (which you mention)--in a
         | philosophical sense, and in the places where that intersects
         | with literature, not necessarily in the colloquial senses of
         | the word.
         | 
         | In some areas, sure, Vonnegut's not particularly nihilistic. I
         | don't think it'd make any sense to associate him with moral
         | nihilism, for instance.
         | 
         | Watts, IDK, he's on my to-read list but it's a looooong list.
        
         | loughnane wrote:
         | That quote is weird. In technical fields you wouldn't read the
         | classic literature (mechanical engineers don't read Euclid),
         | but there's no fear of reinventing the wheel since modern books
         | take account of fundamental works; if not by name then for sure
         | in content.
         | 
         | I'm surprised how you can get a philosophy degree and then be
         | afraid of "reinventing the wheel". I suppose the author is
         | self-aware enough to know what he doesn't know... but still.
         | It's odd.
        
           | thenerdhead wrote:
           | I just don't understand how you can get a philosophy degree
           | without a course on like "Classics of Western Philosophy" or
           | similar.
           | 
           | Technical fields have similar fundamental courses...
        
           | bamfly wrote:
           | It's more like a math major speculating on some possible
           | route to a proof of a hard problem without having dug
           | _specifically_ into the literature on that problem in
           | particular, such that there 's a good chance they're barking
           | up a proven-unproductive tree or ineptly re-discovering
           | something well-known to those who _have_ so-studied.
        
             | loughnane wrote:
             | Which is a fine thought experiment for a person to go
             | through and at the same time a waste of time for anyone to
             | read.
             | 
             | I don't begrudge the author for writing it, blogging is in
             | large part a "this is what I'm thinking about, take it as
             | you will", and that's ok. Just noisy.
        
       | grrdotcloud wrote:
       | I am always curious why one continues to believe the beliefs that
       | lead to pain, suffering, and unhappiness.
       | 
       | Even if correct is being miserable worth it?
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | what does it matter if it's worth it? You can only genuinely
         | believe what you acknowledge to be true, and your happiness has
         | no bearing on what is true, there's no choice involved. The
         | moment you attempt to abolish what you believe, being aware you
         | do it only because it causes you pain, it doesn't even work,
         | you're just sort of trying to desperately gaslight yourself.
         | Reminds me of a short poem by Stephen Crane
         | 
         |  _A man said to the universe:
         | 
         | "Sir, I exist!"
         | 
         | "However," replied the universe,
         | 
         | "The fact has not created in me
         | 
         | A sense of obligation."_
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | You're looking for pragmatism. Look up William James' Will to
         | Believe.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | Maybe the belief gives meaning which avoids confronting
         | nothingness and meaninglessness.
        
         | downWidOutaFite wrote:
         | It's morally repulsive to me to believe something just because
         | it makes me feel better.
        
           | sezycei wrote:
           | Why?
        
             | pmarreck wrote:
             | (I wrote this whole comment to you only to find out just
             | now that you deleted the original comment. Sorry, I had to
             | convey it somehow. LOL)
             | 
             | I understand your confusion about using "entropy" outside a
             | thermodynamics context, and you're absolutely correct to
             | point out that the term "entropy" originated in the field
             | of thermodynamics. However, the concept has been extended
             | metaphorically in other fields to describe systems of
             | complexity and order. It's in this latter, metaphorical
             | sense that I'm using the term.
             | 
             | Now, let's apply this to living systems. Organisms are
             | highly ordered, containing complex structures at various
             | scales from cells to organs. They can maintain and even
             | increase their internal order, or decrease their "entropy,"
             | by consuming energy from their environment (like food).
             | This is the "detour into lower entropy" I was talking
             | about.
             | 
             | While this seems to contradict the second law of
             | thermodynamics, remember that organisms are not closed
             | systems - they constantly exchange energy and matter with
             | their environment. The increase in order within the
             | organism is more than offset by the increase in disorder in
             | the environment, resulting in an overall increase in
             | entropy in the universe. This is completely consistent with
             | the second law of thermodynamics.
             | 
             | What I find fascinating is that life can maintain this high
             | degree of organization for such a long period of time,
             | despite the natural tendency towards disorder. This is not
             | to say that the process is unexplained; science has a lot
             | to say about how this happens, but rather that it's a
             | remarkable (and seemingly unique) characteristic of life.
             | Does this make more sense? I hope this clarifies the
             | concept a bit.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | xyzelement wrote:
           | // It's morally repulsive to me to believe something just
           | because it makes me feel better.
           | 
           | If you have an equally valid choice to believe something
           | positive or negative, why would you chose the later?
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Those are good morals.
           | 
           | But if you have that kind of moral impulse, are you really a
           | nihilist?
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | I agree that feelings are not arguments and that beliefs
           | should be justified by arguments, and not feelings.
           | 
           | And yet, if you believe your spouse "is the one for you" but
           | have no hard evidence to back it up, but you _feel_ it with
           | every fiber of your being, you will still make a gigantically
           | life-impactful decision about this person that is COMPLETELY
           | inarguable. :P
        
           | z3c0 wrote:
           | If it's morally repulsive to do otherwise, wouldn't this
           | stance be for the sake of feeling better?
           | 
           | I do agree with you; I just love the barber paradox as well.
        
             | downWidOutaFite wrote:
             | Good point, I'm basing my rejection on my repulsive
             | feeling. I'm not familiar with philosophy but I'm sure
             | there are philosophers that have built up arguments on why
             | a life based on seeking truth and logic is worthwhile.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | "Science taught me that it's all just atoms and the void, so
       | there can't be any deeper point or purpose to the whole thing"
       | 
       | Is this type of misunderstanding of what Science is that common?
       | It's painfully lacking and I can't tell if it is written as
       | sarcasm...
        
         | vacuity wrote:
         | Ah yes, reject religion on the grounds that God is
         | unfalsifiable and then proceed to...proclaim an uncertain, if
         | not questionable statement as the objective truth. Sometimes
         | what people call "science" should really be called a mirror.
         | "Science tells me that..."
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | > Is this type of misunderstanding of what Science is that
         | common?
         | 
         |  _Extremely_ common. Unless there is a substantial silent
         | majority that believes otherwise, I suspect it has become the
         | overwhelming norm amongst the general public, as well as a non-
         | trivial percentage of actual scientists.
        
         | kafkaesque wrote:
         | This is a great point. When I was studying philosophy in
         | university, an extremely common roadblock to moving the
         | discussion forward was that people (professor and students)
         | were philosophizing about specialized topics that they
         | themselves were not well informed on or held no expertise in. I
         | think this is the problem with philosophy adding practical
         | value to people's lives in general. We seek answers to
         | questions that require specialized knowledge in areas in which
         | we don't have sufficient knowledge in.
         | 
         | The discussions that were more fruitful were the ones where the
         | professor asked if there was someone who majored in that
         | specific subject in the class, and that person would be used as
         | an expert to speak to whatever thing we were questioning, and
         | since it was philosophy, we would question everything.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Stephen Hawking actually wrote about the importance of
           | physicists finding a theory of everything so physics could
           | stop moving so quickly. Our scientific understanding of the
           | universe has advanced and changed so rapidly since the early
           | 20th century that no layperson without extremely specialized
           | training has any hope of grasping the current state of it.
           | This includes philosophers and public intellectuals, but even
           | just average people on Hacker News who have no idea how wrong
           | they are just because they aren't keeping up with new
           | developments. If we could slow down the rate at which new
           | developments happen, maybe there'd be some hope of regular
           | people catching up to it. We could learn a canonical,
           | comprehensive model in primary school, and what we learned
           | would still be current and accurate decades later when we're
           | armchairing all of the narrow technical experts in our blogs
           | and discussion boards.
           | 
           | This isn't even just about laypeople versus physicists. Lee
           | Smolin has written about string theory becoming a crisis in
           | physics because 1) it takes so long to understand any of it
           | mathematically, that by the time anyone has done so, sunk
           | cost fallacy precludes them from ever giving it up, and 2)
           | other physicists responsible for peer review also don't
           | understand the math, but don't want to admit it, so they'll
           | let near anything through to publication even when it's
           | probably nonsense.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Yep, it's literally false. Astrophysicists estimate 5% of the
         | universe is visible to us. Modern calculations say dark matter
         | comprises about 27% of the Universe. Whatever else is out
         | there, we truly do not know.
         | 
         | https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/big-questions/what-universe-made
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | >>> "Science taught me that it's all just atoms and the void,
           | so there can't be any deeper point or purpose to the whole
           | thing"
           | 
           | > Yep, it's literally false. Astrophysicists estimate 5% of
           | the universe is visible to us. Modern calculations say dark
           | matter comprises about 27% of the Universe. Whatever else is
           | out there, we truly do not know.
           | 
           | No. At worst it's only technically false, but broadly on the
           | right track. If you're a materialist/physicalist; and Science
           | requires you to take that position, at least
           | methodologically; so "it's all just [particles, fields,] and
           | the void."
        
             | 1970-01-01 wrote:
             | I don't understand that. Are there any differences when
             | used here, in this context?
             | 
             | https://wikidiff.com/literally/technically
        
               | interhater wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | It's funny that a materialist would say it's all 'particles
             | and void' when our current understanding only accounts for
             | a few percent of the universe...
        
         | arpyzo wrote:
         | Between atoms and the void (which is not even a thing science
         | recognizes), there is a potentially infinite amount of
         | knowledge yet to be discovered. I use the word "infinite"
         | literally here. Not only that, but it's possible some aspects
         | of the universe and existence are undiscoverable by humans.
         | 
         | Who is to say that purpose cannot exist within this? It is
         | unknown and possibly unknowable.
         | 
         | I believe the author has drawn the wrong lessons from science.
        
       | regus wrote:
       | I have often heard people say things like "I don't believe the
       | universe or our lives have any meaning, so I choose to make my
       | own meaning."
       | 
       | If the universe is meaningless, and all the things in it are
       | equally meaningless (ourselves included). How is it possible to
       | create meaning? How can a meaningless thing or action within a
       | meaningless system have any meaning? I guess we could just
       | declare that this thing has meaning, but isn't this just a
       | delusion? Like thinking 0 + 0 = 1?
        
         | vacuity wrote:
         | > If the universe is meaningless, and all the things in it are
         | equally meaningless (ourselves included)
         | 
         | That is an assumption in itself. No one is obligated to act
         | under that premise.
         | 
         | > How is it possible to create meaning? I guess we could just
         | declare that this thing has meaning, but isn't this just a
         | delusion? Like thinking 0 + 0 = 1?
         | 
         | We perceive meaning all the time. This thread came to be
         | because many people hold some meaning or another to the topic,
         | the thought of discussing it, or something else along those
         | lines. There is no reasoning to this phenomenon. It is not even
         | an axiom, something taken to be true and not provable (or
         | disprovable). If we didn't ascribe meaning to things then this
         | conversation wouldn't be happening. I don't live in a world
         | without meaning because I just don't. I couldn't imitate a
         | bacterium if I wanted to. Now it's just a matter of whether I
         | find it permissible for me to act on personal desires.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | It has meaning because we want it to have meaning, and that's
         | enough. The universe didn't come with meaning a-priori. We're
         | not here because the universe has meaning; it's the other way
         | around: the universe has meaning now because we're in it, and
         | we choose to ascribe meaning to it. It's not 0 + 0 = 1, it's 0
         | + 1 = 1.
         | 
         | Think of it this way: does a pretty, shiny rock on the beach
         | have meaning on its own? Not really. But if a human finds it
         | and loves it, and it brings joy, now it has meaning. And that
         | human treasures it and passes it down generation by generation,
         | and now it has even more meaning. And now someone looks at this
         | rock and thinks about their great, great, great grandmother
         | finding it on the beach, and thinks about their great, great,
         | great grandchildren receiving it in turn, and it brings them
         | joy, and the meaning continues to increase.
         | 
         | The universe is a pretty, shiny rock that humans have found.
        
       | gooseus wrote:
       | Long post and having only skimmed it for now, I think I mostly
       | agree... though I don't think I could ever call myself a
       | nihilist.
       | 
       | The last section captures what I've tried to say in my own (not
       | currently online) writing on the subject of life, existence, and
       | purpose/meaning.
       | 
       | > As far as we know, we and our societies take the prize for
       | being the most complex structures the universe has yet evolved.
       | 
       | This is where I end up in a lot of my own musings on the subject.
       | Another point I typically make is that we KNOW that the immense
       | diversity and complexity that exists on Earth will end in the
       | future, unless some intelligence is able to spread life outside
       | of Earth.
       | 
       | Personally, I think that one of the most important human
       | activities should be actively trying to seed other nebula, stars,
       | and planets with archaic life, since this increases the overall
       | probability that life will continue to evolve somewhere, even if
       | humans fail to expand beyond Earth.
       | 
       | We could be parallelizing the process of life across worlds and
       | creating potential for other interesting life to evolve to solve
       | the unique problems of other parts of the universe. By spreading
       | life from Earth, we also increase the likelihood that future
       | intelligence could find evidence of our (and each others)
       | existence, which would be _very_ interesting (for them), and
       | could help them get through the difficulties we face now.
       | 
       | I'm not sure how you resolve the opening of "we're just here to
       | fart around / dance" nihilism with what you mention at the end
       | about how Earth, life, and humans being the most complex and
       | interesting thing going in the universe, but I like the
       | style/format, and I'm definitely going to give this a longer read
       | later. Thanks for sharing!
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | >> As far as _we know_ , we and our societies take the prize
         | for being the most complex structures the universe has yet
         | evolved.
         | 
         | > This is where I end up in a lot of my own musings on the
         | subject. Another point I typically make is that _we KNOW_ that
         | the immense diversity and complexity that exists on Earth will
         | end in the future, unless some intelligence is able to spread
         | life outside of Earth.
         | 
         | "Knowing" is NOT a group activity. Either one knows (because
         | one has personally verified whatever-it-is) or one
         | believes/assumes/hypothesises.
         | 
         | PS
         | 
         | The point of my comment being that if one doesn't understand
         | what "knowing" is, I don't see how it is possible to approach
         | finding "meaning".
        
           | gooseus wrote:
           | I say that "knowing" is very much a group activity, in fact,
           | it's the only way one can even approach certainly that what
           | one "knows" isn't just a hallucination or a dream.
           | 
           | We can only "know" by verifying that what we experience is
           | consistent with the experience of others, this is the essence
           | of repeatable scientific experimentation and peer-review in
           | science... which is the group effort of improving the extent
           | and accuracy of what we know, as a group.
           | 
           | You can argue for solipsism if that's what you want, but you
           | ought to know you'll only be arguing with yourself.
        
         | disadvantage wrote:
         | > Personally, I think that one of the most important human
         | activities should be actively trying to seed other nebula,
         | stars, and planets with archaic life, since this increases the
         | overall probability that life will continue to evolve
         | somewhere, even if humans fail to expand beyond Earth.
         | 
         | I think merely one Voyager Record[0] is not enough. We need to
         | be sending millions of these in all directions right throughout
         | space, and spaced out over decade intervals. Then there's a
         | greater possibility of discovery/contact. We already do this to
         | some degree with the Arecibo message[1], but probes like
         | Voyager are better IMHO.
         | 
         | [0] https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message
        
           | gooseus wrote:
           | I agree to some extent, though I think the trade-off of
           | sending lots of messages into space is lower than sending
           | "seeds of life".
           | 
           | A message has encoded information that can communicate
           | something we're trying to express to another life form, but
           | what is that? How will they respond and what will that
           | response be?
           | 
           | Much of the point of sending a message to other life is to
           | find other life that can respond to us... but if we can't
           | manage to make ourselves sustainable then a response may
           | reach us too late for it to matter, I pessimistically think
           | this is a very likely scenario.
           | 
           | Sending out millions/billions of seeds, and targeting worlds
           | where we believe we'd arrive at an early-ish period of
           | planetary development, we could potentially jump-start the
           | evolution of life on multiple worlds. Perhaps these worlds
           | develop their own intelligent life, or maybe it becomes a
           | world filled with non-intelligent biodiversity with billions
           | of new species with millions of new physical and chemical
           | innovations that a future intelligent race (maybe even
           | humans, assuming my pessimism is misplaced) could learn from.
        
       | jmdeon wrote:
       | I believe this is existentialism, not nihilism. They both start
       | from the premise that the universe is inherently meaningless, but
       | in existentialism you can create meaning while in nihilism you
       | cannot.
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | I'm an inverted existentialist and a post-nihilist. My
         | explanation may be a little silly to read.
         | 
         | Existential dread is a weird psychological state for people who
         | need the psychological comfort of ultimate or external meaning,
         | it starts with laying awake at night telling yourself "things
         | matter" and hearing that quiet rebuttal.
         | 
         | "What if nothing matters".
         | 
         | Pulling that thread organically leads people to existentialism,
         | they are raised to insist that life "must have meaning", and
         | then reject it.
         | 
         | Existentialism is for people who were inculcated with some
         | permutation of "god", just world phallacies, ultimate meaning,
         | and/or a belief in a "sensible" reality and found the obvious
         | holes.
         | 
         | And just like nearly any position there are strong
         | existentialist and weak existentialist
         | 
         | If you are born dead, if you know nothing matters, you don't
         | lay awake at night, you just avoid going to bed at night
         | because "nothing matters"... and if this is really your deep
         | down than your existential thought becomes inverted.
         | 
         | "What if everything really does matter."
         | 
         | And then you spend the rest of your life trying to push
         | discovery and research forward. Existential dread turns into a
         | sort of existential hope and nihilism and the most common
         | expressions of existentialism appears to come from an arrogant
         | place of certainty, or an emphatic wish fullfillment, or a
         | cocksure defeatist state.
         | 
         | I'm just one person, I know some things but there is far more I
         | don't know than do... so.. what if it does matters?
         | 
         | Pushing humanity's bounds of knowledge and having a thriving,
         | dynamic society that can prosper and fund the pursuit of that
         | question is perhaps the only important thing.
        
           | smif wrote:
           | What about a third option, "everything may or may not matter,
           | but the answer to that question is currently inaccessible to
           | us (and possibly may always remain inaccessible)"?
           | 
           | In this way you could be led to a kind of inverted Pascal's
           | wager, where you can't reasonably go down the nihilist route
           | because everything might just might matter, but you just
           | don't know. You also don't know in which ways it might matter
           | if it does, so you don't really have a conclusion to draw
           | about where to go from here.
        
           | csdvrx wrote:
           | > Pushing humanity's bounds of knowledge and having a
           | thriving, dynamic society that can prosper and fund the
           | pursuit of that question is perhaps the only important thing.
           | 
           | I love your view, and how you described it helped me think.
           | 
           | I've learned a lot thanks to everything that's available
           | online and I know a lot now, but there's still so much I
           | don't know that I want to share and improve knowledge
           | 
           | It's both for myself and others, and I don't need much more
           | meaning in life than this!
        
       | disadvantage wrote:
       | > In lieu of meaning, I mostly adopted the attitude of Alan
       | Watts. Existence, he says, is fundamentally playful. It's less
       | like a journey, and more like a piece of music or a dance. And
       | the point of dancing isn't to arrive at a particular spot on the
       | floor; the point of dancing is simply to dance. Vonnegut
       | expresses a similar sentiment when he says, "We are here on Earth
       | to fart around."
       | 
       | Ikigai[0] is worth exploring if you find yourself questioning the
       | grand meaning of things:
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikigai
       | 
       | > The Oxford English Dictionary defines ikigai as "a motivating
       | force; something or someone that gives a person a sense of
       | purpose or a reason for living". More generally it may refer to
       | something that brings pleasure or fulfilment.[1]
       | 
       | > The term compounds two Japanese words: iki (Sheng ki, meaning
       | 'life; alive') and kai (Jia Fei , meaning '(an) effect; (a)
       | result; (a) fruit; (a) worth; (a) use; (a) benefit; (no, little)
       | avail') (sequentially voiced as gai), to arrive at 'a reason for
       | living [being alive]; a meaning for [to] life; what [something
       | that] makes life worth living; a 'raison d'etre'.
       | 
       | Personally though I've found the pursuit of this philosophy very
       | hard to integrate into life. It's one of life's hard problems. It
       | means somehow intersecting 'play' with 'work', but as many people
       | say: 'work is something people don't do voluntarily'. Hence its
       | name: 'work', we don't naturally want to do it. But if you can
       | make work as a form of play, you already are living in Ikigai.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | I don't think making work a form of play is feasible (perhaps
         | easy is a better word) for most people, simply because of the
         | nature of their job. Without some creative and exploratory
         | aspect, it's just menial, boring, devoid of any stimulation.
         | 
         | I am lucky enough that my work is such, but I got extremely
         | lucky and basically made it my reality.
        
           | speak_plainly wrote:
           | I think the way to look at it perhaps is that there is an
           | element of challenge in play and an opportunity to win. So a
           | job can be boring and menial but you have the opportunity to
           | be the best in the world at what you're doing and you can
           | treat every day as a challenge and opportunity at excellence,
           | and in turn any job can be fun.
           | 
           | You could easily look at chess as menial, boring, and devoid
           | of any stimulation but it's possible to find fun in that.
           | Everyone should stop taking everything so seriously and
           | challenge themselves to be the best.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | I believe that I am the kind of person who can find
             | something interesting in [nearly] everything, chess is
             | interesting in that it is [functionally] infinitely and
             | thus can be infinitely creative.
             | 
             | This creativity doesn't exist in Sisyphean tasks. It's one
             | thing to say one must imagine Sisyphus was happy, and
             | another to be Sisyphus, and be happy, or rather, to be
             | content.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > We are here on Earth to fart around.
         | 
         | Except that we're not. We are here on earth to make copies of
         | our DNA. There are some ancillary effects of this (like sex and
         | eating and the internet) but it's not like life doesn't have a
         | purpose at all. It's just not a particularly hifallutin' one.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | This is a perspective rooted in a human understanding of
           | biology, which is ultimately just a language and labeling
           | game to make sense of observed phenomena.
           | 
           | If we're here to make copies of our DNA, then one has to ask
           | what the DNA is here for, and we're back in the same place.
           | 
           | The point someone like Watts is making is that even if we're
           | just DNA replicators, that which is being replicated holds
           | this capacity for playfulness and the enjoyment of play,
           | which confers some broader notion of playfulness to the
           | conditions that brought about our DNA.
           | 
           | I recently watched "My Octopus Teacher" (worth a watch), and
           | watching the behaviors of the featured octopus as it goes
           | about it's daily life doing octopus things, even including
           | what appears to be literal playtime with schools of fish,
           | it's easy to see the point Watts was trying to make.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | > one has to ask what the DNA is here for
             | 
             | DNA is not here "for" anything, DNA is a Thing That
             | Happens. Given the right combination of atoms, a source of
             | energy, and enough time, a self-reproducing system will
             | appear by pure chance. After that Darwin takes over.
             | 
             | > that which is being replicated holds this capacity for
             | playfulness and the enjoyment of play
             | 
             | Sure, but that's just a side-effect of the process. It's
             | not the reason we exist.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | > _DNA is not here "for" anything, DNA is a Thing That
               | Happens._
               | 
               | I agree, and my point was that saying:
               | 
               | > _We are here on earth to make copies of our DNA._
               | 
               | Just kicks the can down the road. We're not here to make
               | copies of our DNA any more than DNA is here to make
               | copies of us.
               | 
               | > _Sure, but that 's just a side-effect of the process.
               | It's not the purpose of our existence._
               | 
               | So, too, are we, as is replication itself. It happens to
               | be the only reason the process continues, but it has no
               | inherent purpose any more than playfulness does. It just
               | is. This could also be framed as: we _are_ the process.
               | 
               | > _Given the right combination of atoms, a source of
               | energy, and enough time, a self-reproducing system will
               | appear by pure chance. After that Darwin takes over._
               | 
               | All of these things happened before Darwin was involved,
               | and while I understand the point you're making, I'm
               | calling this out because Natural Selection is again just
               | a language and labeling game that maps the process
               | relative to our experience of it and our understanding of
               | various scientific disciplines.
               | 
               | None of this brings us closer to a "purpose", per se.
               | 
               | The statement that "existence is fundamentally playful"
               | is not a claim about purpose either. But rather, an
               | observation about how things appear to be, based on our
               | ability to understand them.
               | 
               | Some people would also say that existence is
               | fundamentally mathematical.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I think we're basically in violent agreement here. The
               | only thing I would point out is that there is an
               | asymmetry: reproduction can exist without playfulness (I
               | don't think bacteria do much playing). But playfulness
               | cannot exist without reproduction. That's the reason I
               | think it's fair to put reproduction in a more primary
               | role.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | I guess I'm not sure what one is supposed to conclude
               | about that asymmetry, or if it makes sense to compare
               | reproduction and playfulness in that way. What is the
               | primary role you're referring to?
               | 
               | Existence can be fundamentally a lot of things. One isn't
               | taking away from the other.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I'm just saying that there's a hierarchy of emergent
               | phenomena. At root everything is governed by the
               | Schrodinger equation or something like that, but from
               | that you get chemistry, and from chemistry you get
               | biology, and from biology you get technology, and from
               | technology you get Nintendo. Each of these are strictly
               | dependent on the ones before in the list. You can't have
               | chemistry without physics, you can't have biology without
               | chemistry, you can't have technology without biology, and
               | you can't have Nintendo without technology. But none of
               | these are the "meaning of life", they are just the causes
               | and ancillary effects of life.
        
           | fatfingerd wrote:
           | You won't fill the role of farting around for much more than
           | a day, a month or a century without taking certain respective
           | steps.
        
           | disco_framework wrote:
           | Sure but that doesn't mean the two ideas are incompatible.
           | 
           | In fact the act of making copies of our DNA might be a great
           | example of playful work. Sex is fun and it has the capacity
           | to spread our genes.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | > the act of making copies of our DNA might be a great
             | example of playful work
             | 
             | That's an interesting idea, but I don't buy it. I think
             | playfulness requires a brain.
             | 
             | How would you distinguish "playful" chemistry from "serious
             | work" chemistry?
        
               | disco_framework wrote:
               | I know what you're saying but I think we may have lost
               | the plot here.
               | 
               | The original link was about finding meaning after all,
               | right?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Yes, but the comment I was originally responding to was
               | that "we are here on earth to fart around".
        
           | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
           | Or is there a better abstraction? We're here because
           | intelligence is good, an organizational force. We're here to
           | do that as approximately as we can.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Oh how I wish that were true, but unfortunately at the end
             | of the day Darwin is running the show. Intelligence exists
             | not because it's "good" but because genes that build brains
             | that can solve problems reproduce better than genes that
             | don't.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | > Oh how I wish that were true, but unfortunately at the
               | end of the day Darwin is running the show.
               | 
               | This is just essentialism. We can draw that line at any
               | arbitrary point. I can say Darwin isn't running the show,
               | Einstein is. You can try to point out the ways biology
               | effects our lives and argue that it should hold a more
               | privileged position, and I can wave it away and insist
               | you're being sentimental. "I wish that were true, but
               | we're just rocks that happen to think and reproduce,
               | nothing more."
               | 
               | And just as credibly, I can say that things are at the
               | level of human abstraction and that life is about farting
               | around. I can point out how profoundly conceptions at
               | this level effect our lives, and argue that it should
               | hold a privileged position.
               | 
               | You're free to set your standard and the arbitrary point
               | you prefer, but that doesn't devalue anyone else's
               | decision.
               | 
               | It's just a philosophy that doesn't resonate with you
               | because you have a different perspective, that might make
               | it less useful to you but it isn't really a mark against
               | it. I don't eat steak and have no desire to, but I don't
               | argue when people say that steak is delicious.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | The reason Darwin is revered is that he discovered some
               | important emergent structure in natural processes that is
               | not immediately evident from Einstein's field equation
               | even if it turns out that the latter entails the former.
               | But "we are here on earth to fart around" doesn't follow.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | I will immediately concede I am wrong if you can show me
               | how democracy, monogamous marriages, and a night on the
               | town obviously emerges from darwinism. Or from biology
               | more generally.
               | 
               | If you can't use biology to explain society, then based
               | on your reasoning about why Darwinism is preferable to
               | relativity, I think you should reconsider whether or not
               | this is true universally rather than for you in
               | particular.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | There's a stock answer for monogamous marriage:
               | 
               | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/our-secret-
               | evolut...
               | 
               | Democracy and a night on the town are a little more
               | challenging. Both are actually pretty recent inventions,
               | having existed only for a few thousand years, which is
               | nothing on an evolutionary time scale, and the jury is
               | still out over whether either will survive in the long
               | run. (Personally I'll give you long odds against.) But
               | the short version of the answer is that genes have only
               | very indirect control over the brains they build, and
               | sometimes those brains can have a mind of their own (so
               | to speak) and goals of their own, some of which can be in
               | direct conflict with the goals of the genes that built
               | them. For example, birth control pills are an quite
               | literally an existential threat to our genes. So in the
               | long run one would predict that our genes will tend to
               | build brains that have an instinctive aversion to things
               | like birth control. But the dynamics of human societies
               | are off-the-charts complicated and non-linear, so who
               | knows?
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | > There's a stock answer for monogamous marriage
               | 
               | This article is just supposition. "Monogamy forms the
               | basis of complex social networks." As opposed to
               | polygamy...?
               | 
               | "Females preferred reliable providers to aggressive
               | competitors." Pretty impressive how their attitudes were
               | preserved in the fossil record.
               | 
               | The article is pretty clearly written from the
               | perspective that polygamy is weird and unnatural, noting
               | that we have an "imperfect record " of monogamy - as if
               | societies where this was the norm were a mistake.
               | 
               | The article goes on to make it clear this is a
               | controversial idea, not one that has wide acceptance in
               | this community. If you have a better article or a better
               | argument to present I'll check it out, but I don't see
               | why I would accept this argument.
               | 
               | > But the short version of the answer is that genes have
               | only very indirect control over the brains they build,
               | and sometimes those brains can have a mind of their own
               | ...
               | 
               | > But the dynamics of human societies are off-the-charts
               | complicated and non-linear, so who knows?
               | 
               | I think you've conceded the point.
        
           | kevinwang wrote:
           | The nihilist argument is that we're not here "to" make copies
           | of our DNA. It just so happened that each of our ancestors
           | were were good at making copies of their DNA (and thus we are
           | good at making copies of ours). But outside of religions,
           | there's no evidence that this is an obligation.
        
           | afpx wrote:
           | Animals don't just expire after reproductive age. They live
           | on to help their kin, species, (in the case of Humans) most
           | life.
           | 
           | That's where I find purpose: in being useful to others.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Sure, but that still all comes back to Darwin. Reproduction
             | involves a lot more than just fertilizing an egg.
        
       | nkingsy wrote:
       | I should have stopped at the beginning like the author
       | recommended. I wholeheartedly agree with "play" as the central
       | element.
       | 
       | And by play I mean to fully engage and enjoy the activity at
       | hand. To be detached enough to stop and take stock of what's
       | going on, to poke at things and see what happens, to care nothing
       | for "time invested" because you know you enjoyed that time and
       | will enjoy your time spent digging back in the other direction.
       | 
       | It is so so easy to lose that playful approach. Thousands of
       | times per day I find myself drifting into attachment and boredom
       | and some days I start there and never get out. It think this is
       | probably the real benefit of meditation: building muscles to
       | redirect yourself back to playful detachment. Maybe tomorrow I'll
       | start a practice.
        
       | beltsazar wrote:
       | If physicalism were true, and abiogenesis happened without any
       | intervention of "higher being"(s), and Darwinism were correct;
       | then life wouldn't be meaningless. Neither would its purpose be
       | determined by each individual. Life would have exactly two
       | objective purposes: to survive and to reproduce.
       | 
       | It's actually no more of a purpose than a tautology. It just
       | happens that a species that survives and reproduces will continue
       | to live.
       | 
       | That also means that there's no good or bad. There are only what
       | traits are advantageous to survival and what traits aren't.
       | 
       | For example, being trustworthy is "good" because trust within a
       | group is a prerequisite for achieving a relatively advanced
       | society like Homo Sapiens has built. Breaking into someone's
       | house is "bad" because otherwise we would only be as advanced as
       | other primates that take each other's territories all the time.
       | 
       | But when you think about it, there are "good" things that aren't
       | advantageous (or even are harmful) to survival, and there are
       | things advantageous to survival that are considered "bad" by most
       | people. Many examples would be highly controversial, so I'd pick
       | a less controversial example, but probably not the best one:
       | eugenics.
       | 
       | So, how exactly do we know which is good, which is bad? Is there
       | even an objective good or bad without invoking the idea that some
       | higher beings say so?
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | When you say "survival" in terms of Darwinian evolution, you're
         | really talking about survival of specific genes. Why should we
         | choose to be beholden to the primal "desires" (if you'll grant
         | me the intentional stance) of our genes? We are the AI that our
         | DNA invented that turned around and overthrew it. The planet is
         | ours now, not our DNA's.
         | 
         | There are many other things that evolve too: ideas, memes,
         | viruses, and many more if you relax "evolution" to simply mean
         | "progress", like my own knowledge and the capabilities of the
         | human race. It's myopic to focus on genes alone.
         | 
         | > eugenics
         | 
         | Eugenics takes for granted the idea that some "genetic purity"
         | is good for its own sake. Why? Why is a world with fewer, but
         | "genetically superior" people, (and more genetically similar),
         | better than a world with more people and more genetic variety?
         | That's not even necessarily good even if you myopically focus
         | on the actual gene pool, much less if you take all the other
         | aspects of humanity into account.
         | 
         | > So, how exactly do we know which is good, which is bad? Is
         | there even an objective good or bad without invoking the idea
         | that some higher beings say so?
         | 
         | Yes, there is: we all collectively decide properties of the
         | world we'd like to live in, and we try to guess what kind of
         | world future generations would also like to live in, and then
         | we call those actions that ultimately improve those properties
         | "good" and those that lessen those properties "bad", and we can
         | even partially rank actions based on the integral of their
         | effect on these properties from now until the end of the
         | universe (allowing a Net Present Value calculation to avoid
         | infinities, to acknowledge our imprecision of future outcomes
         | and preferences, and even to simply prefer utility now over the
         | same utility later). We try to maximize happiness (in its
         | various forms, some more important than others) and minimize
         | suffering (ditto), taking diminishing returns into account so
         | we don't just make one dude trillions-happy at the expense of
         | everyone else. This has infinite degrees of freedom and
         | requires perfect knowledge of the future, so we know it's not
         | actually possible to achieve, but it gives us a direction to
         | orient our moral compasses and strive to get as close to this
         | perfection as we can.
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | Objective, huh. Anyways, here's a problem in your last
           | paragraph:
           | 
           |  _We_?
        
         | andrewjl wrote:
         | > Life would have exactly two objective purposes: to survive
         | and to reproduce.
         | 
         | Why does abiogenesis and Darwinism being correct lead to those
         | two being the objective purposes for humans?
        
           | kogus wrote:
           | As it says:
           | 
           | It's actually no more of a purpose than a tautology. It just
           | happens that a species that survives and reproduces will
           | continue to live.
           | 
           | Without a creator, there is no real "purpose" at all.
           | Everything came from nothing, will end as nothing, and is
           | ultimately irrelevant. Everything.
           | 
           | As a Christian, I sometimes look over into that chasm and
           | wonder how atheists bear it.
        
             | Drakim wrote:
             | What actually changes if there is a creator though? Isn't
             | it exactly the same, it "just happens" that a creator
             | created a species and that species survives and reproduces.
             | As you yourself say, it's merely a tautology to define
             | purpose into existence, but the same is true even if a
             | creator is involved, it's still just something that
             | "happens".
             | 
             | Something was created by a creator. Now what? Where did
             | purpose come from?
        
               | kogus wrote:
               | Presumably the creator created with purpose. If I make a
               | chair, it fulfills its purpose when it serves as a place
               | to sit. It does not serve its purpose if someone uses it
               | to awkwardly dig a hole.
               | 
               | Likewise if God made me to, say, love and forgive others,
               | I can either serve my purpose or not. But the purpose is
               | given to me by the intent of the creator.
        
               | Drakim wrote:
               | If "purpose" is simply the intent of a creator, the words
               | used to describe what the creator intended when they
               | created, then I don't see the great loss in not having
               | it.
               | 
               | Imagine your father always wanted a child, and for the
               | child to take over the family business. Is your life
               | without merit, utterly void of value, if you become a
               | fireman instead? After all, you are not fulfilling the
               | purpose, the intent, of those who created you. Anything
               | outside their specifications is meaningless nihilism,
               | right?
               | 
               | Personally, I think there is more to "purpose" than this
               | definition, it's a very small definition that does not
               | truly compass what people mean when they talk about
               | purpose.
        
             | vacuity wrote:
             | I'm an agnostic (absolute, textbook definition) but I
             | disagree. As a human with consciousness and free will
             | (whether that's an "illusion" doesn't make a difference
             | from where I'm standing), I define meaning in my life. Not
             | all consciously, but I have thoughts and desires. If it'll
             | all be irrelevant when I die, why should I care? I'm not
             | dead yet. If there is no afterlife, I won't be around to
             | care. If there is, I'll figure it out on the fly.
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | I'm not sure why parent involves abiogenesis, but as they go
           | on to say, surviving and reproducing aren't really purposes
           | (as in motivation) but self-evident truths. Something made to
           | replicate itself into more things that self-replicate and so
           | on.
        
             | Drakim wrote:
             | Self-evident truths of what exactly?
             | 
             | Surviving and reproducing are facts of live, they are
             | descriptive facts. What you ought to do with your life is
             | not descriptive, but prescriptive.
             | 
             | You cannot derive prescriptive statements from descriptive
             | facts.
        
               | vacuity wrote:
               | I didn't say you could. GP didn't seem to either.
        
               | Drakim wrote:
               | Fair enough, but I felt you implied it by calling them
               | self-evident. That's the sorta phrasing usually used when
               | people try to wrangle meaning out of facts.
        
               | vacuity wrote:
               | I guess I have to join advertising or PR now. _sobs
               | quietly in corner_
        
         | scottLobster wrote:
         | My perspective is that if there is any objective "meaning" to
         | be known, we are as incapable of understanding it as
         | mitochondria are incapable of understanding why they produce
         | ATP.
         | 
         | We don't "know", in the objective scientific sense, whether
         | anything has any meaning, but it's useful to act as though it
         | does. Useful being defined as reducing suffering/providing
         | reward for ourselves and, on the scale of the species, for
         | others. People search for meaning because finding it relieves
         | suffering and provides reward, and people generally encourage
         | others to find meaning because there are generally benefits to
         | the species as a whole. Perhaps it's just a sophisticated way
         | for our DNA to ensure its own propagation, perhaps there's
         | something more to it, perhaps it's a random outcome of
         | mutation. But it does relieve suffering and provide reward.
         | That's good enough for me, there's plenty to do between here
         | and the obvious limits of human knowledge that's likely to have
         | far more impact on how we live.
         | 
         | It's like if we're living on one of those flat-earther maps,
         | and we can see the edge of the world, but there's lifetimes of
         | uncharted territory between here and that edge. You can sit
         | still and impotently focus on the edge, wondering if whatever's
         | beyond it means that the world itself is meaningless, or you
         | can explore the land in front of you and try to make something
         | good happen, without particularly worrying about what's over
         | the edge. Maybe one day we'll collectively get there and find
         | out, but there's no way for you and I to do so in our
         | lifetimes. So why worry about it?
         | 
         | Of course if you want to claim that science and logical
         | analysis is the be-all-end-all of existence, and you're
         | unwilling to accept the unknown will likely remain unknown with
         | our current biological capabilities, well I'd say "have fun"
         | but you certainly won't. You'll just continuously suffer of
         | your own accord, unwilling to accept any relief, continuously
         | staring into Nietzsche's abyss until your organic form expires.
         | If there is a metaphorical hell brought on by sin, that state
         | would certainly be a candidate (the sin in this case being
         | pride).
        
       | adasdasdas wrote:
       | Can "nihilists" stop conflating rejecting objective meaning with
       | having no meaning (nihilism).
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | This topic interests me, but I've never really studied it.
         | 
         | Would you mind sketching out your take on it?
        
           | adasdasdas wrote:
           | It goes back to the answer to the question of, "what is the
           | meaning of life", or its darker brother of a question "why
           | bother living when you can kill yourself and end the
           | suffering".
           | 
           | A Christian might respond with, "God tells me to live and
           | spread the gospel, raise children, and feed the needy". A
           | Christian will tell you that this is how you ought to think
           | too because all truth comes from the bible, which is why I
           | call it objective meaning. There is a single source of truth.
           | 
           | An atheist might say, "I find meaning through living life,
           | understanding the world, human connection, etc". This person
           | will usually readily admit that what makes them happy might
           | not make you happy. Hence, subjective meaning.
           | 
           | A real nihilist in my opinion would probably kill themself
           | because there is not purpose in life. A fake nihilist will
           | say, "I can make sense of my suffering" which makes them not
           | a nihilist because they found meaning.
        
             | CoastalCoder wrote:
             | Thanks!
             | 
             | Now I'm wondering what definition of "meaning" people are
             | using for this issue.
             | 
             | I wonder if the fuzziness of the term leads to people
             | unwittingly talking past each other.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | 100% agree, meaning in this context can usually be used
               | interchangeably with, purpose, reason to live, value,
               | etc.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | A "real nihilist" might kill themselves (hey, is anyone
             | needs to hear this, don't kill yourself, and definitely
             | don't kill yourself because of a thought experiment [1]),
             | but most of the nihilists I've met have adjusted to their
             | perspective and responded to it in a healthy way. (I'm not
             | gunnuh engage in a Scotsman argument about whether that's
             | disqualifying. But I'll grant there's an obvious
             | survivorship bias there.)
             | 
             | It turns out that believing in meaning isn't always
             | necessary.
             | 
             | [1] A friend mine put this very well once. We were talking
             | about Meno, and Socrates' refusal to flee Athens, dying
             | instead on the principle he'd entered into a sort of social
             | contract (please excuse the ahistorical terminology) with
             | Athens.
             | 
             | "I've never heard Socrates talk about the social contract
             | before," my friend said.
             | 
             | "I refuse to die over a minor fucking principle."
             | 
             | Dying for a thought experiment isn't romantic. Being
             | rational in all things is actually undesirable, because not
             | everything functions under rational principles (or we
             | wouldn't need the concept in the first place, it would just
             | be the air we breathe).
             | 
             | In the same way that everyone can make a cryptosystem they
             | themselves can't break, everyone can create a logical knot
             | that they can't untie. It's a parlor trick, and not a
             | reason to die.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | Well that's why I believe most nihilists aren't actually
               | nihilists. Also, I don't think believing in meaning has
               | anything to do with nihilism. In fact, the sentence kind
               | of implies you are speaking of objective meaning which is
               | what grinds my gears.
        
               | bamfly wrote:
               | "Being" a nihilist is kind of a weird idea anyway. It's
               | more a feature of (parts of) various other world-views or
               | approaches to certain aspects of philosophy, than, like,
               | some thing all its own.
               | 
               | Pessimists, broadly, are closer to a real definable
               | "school" to which one might credibly assign hypocrisy at
               | failing to follow through and off oneself (though there
               | are various valid reasons that may still not really be
               | fair). A famous example of this kind of philosophy in pop
               | culture is Rusty in True Detective, who explicitly labels
               | himself a pessimist, and who carries on not because he
               | believes there's a reason to that he could defend
               | philosophically, but because he "lacks the constitution
               | for suicide", as he puts it himself. Though, again, even
               | the pessimist school comes up with justifications for
               | going on living (they just tend to lean more romantic,
               | than couched in reason).
               | 
               | TL;DR I think you're wrestling a ghost with this true- or
               | not-true nihilist deal. I think the colloquial use of the
               | term admits cases and views less-strict or
               | precise/complete than you're insisting on, usually being
               | a shorthand for some _limited_ and _specific_ case of
               | nihilism (e.g. existential nihilist) that doesn 't
               | necessarily mean what you're expecting nihilism to mean,
               | while some more-formal-and-strict version that exists as
               | an all-encompassing School of Nihilism isn't really _a
               | thing_ to begin with.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | > Well that's why I believe most nihilists aren't
               | actually nihilists.
               | 
               | Let's suppose for a moment you're mistaken. How would you
               | recognize evidence to the contrary, were you to receive
               | it? If you met a nihilist, you'd dismiss them, right?
               | It's an approximately unfalsifiable construction.
               | 
               | > Also, I don't think believing in meaning has anything
               | to do with nihilism.
               | 
               | It seems like you call it "purpose" and I called it
               | "meaning?" I'm a bit confused on that point. Am I
               | misusing terminology?
               | 
               | > In fact, the sentence kind of implies you are speaking
               | of objective meaning which is what grinds my gears.
               | 
               | I meant meaning writ large, subjective or objective. If
               | there's a different phrasing that wouldn't have contained
               | this unintended implication I'm open to suggestions.
               | 
               | An example of a line of thinking you might accept; a
               | nihilist could decide go on living, just because they
               | feel like it. It's entirely rational (and let me be
               | clear, you don't need to avoid suicide on rational
               | grounds anyway, it's entirely acceptable not to kill
               | yourself for arational reasons) to decide you don't want
               | to die because you're curious about what will happen if
               | you don't, or because you think it would be an unpleasant
               | endeavor, or because you've just adopted it as an axiom
               | that you should go on living without any justification.
               | There is no contradiction there.
               | 
               | Really, presupposing that a life of suffering should be
               | ended _is_ asserting the existence of a meaning to life,
               | just a negative one instead of a positive one.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | > Let's suppose for a moment you're mistaken. How would
               | you recognize evidence to the contrary, were you to
               | receive it? If you met a nihilist, you'd dismiss them,
               | right? It's an approximately unfalsifiable construction.
               | 
               | I think it's almost tautological. But most people are on
               | a spectrum, there are extremely nihilistic people who
               | still care about their mothers for example. But yea, I
               | think that the spectrum of nihilism is just the inverse
               | of the spectrum of willingness to live.
               | 
               | > presupposing that a life of suffering should be ended
               | 
               | I'm not prescribing action, I just think it usually ends
               | up this way.
               | 
               | > An example of a line of thinking you might accept; a
               | nihilist could decide go on living, just because they
               | feel like it.
               | 
               | I believe many people live like this, but not because
               | they are a nihilist, but because they don't do
               | introspection and/or take meaningful things in life for
               | granted, because just a tiny bit of introspection would
               | reveal that there are many many things you find
               | meaningful in life, even if its something basic like,
               | security, health, or peace. If you take these things away
               | from a person, they will probably contemplate their
               | existence and try to figure out why they should go on
               | with life.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | I'm gunnuh be blunt, and I mean no offense, but from what
               | I've read of your arguments in this & adjacent
               | subthreads, it seems you don't really understand what
               | nihilism is and are actually talking about depression and
               | suicidal ideation.
               | 
               | You're saying very insensitive things about real people
               | and a very touchy subject, and you've had multiple people
               | explain to you at length what it is you've misunderstood
               | about nihilism. I think you should take a step back and
               | take another look at that, I'm not sure you've accurately
               | estimated the weight of your words or the sturdiness of
               | your foundation.
               | 
               | This is as one human being to another, if I think I
               | recognize a certain pattern of thinking and am asking you
               | to reevaluate it, it's only because I've had that pattern
               | of thinking in my own mind and someone else has drawn my
               | attention to it in the past.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | You're right in that I might be callous in the way I
               | write, but meaning/purpose is very relevant to life and
               | death, and I really dislike when people spread a message
               | of meaninglessness in the form of nihilism. Now there
               | might be language challenges here, but I believe that
               | people with narrow definitions of meaning will struggle
               | to find meaning because a persons thinking is somewhat
               | bound by language. My view here is largely inspired from
               | Camus[0]
               | 
               | [0]: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/camus/#SuiResAbs
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | lusus_naturae wrote:
             | > A real nihilist in my opinion would probably kill
             | themself
             | 
             | Nihlism is acknowledging that many if not all aspects that
             | result in "life" are pointless. I fail to understand how
             | that equates to no will to live life. There is only
             | irrationality to living while acknowledging the
             | pointlessness of it. According to the nihilist, every other
             | justification is flimsy at best, so justifying the
             | pointless is equally irrational to them.
             | 
             | Regardless, I think there are a lot of misjudgments about
             | such philosophy, particularly with associating with some
             | destructive impulse or depression etc.
        
               | dsmithatx wrote:
               | Agreed. I became a nihilist as a teenager and still
               | believe life mostly has no meaning. Humans will all die
               | and the earth will keep turning. I don't really believe
               | in an afterlife.
               | 
               | At the same time a person gets miserable going against
               | the grain of society and thus you learn how to be content
               | and how to keep your emotions in check. I do not see any
               | conflict in these two things. I see it as the survival
               | skills of a nihilist.
               | 
               | Your natural instinct will be to prosper in this life, it
               | doesn't mean there is a bigger meaning than farting and
               | dying.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | lusus_naturae wrote:
               | You're encroaching on ideas of self and self-
               | actualization now, all very different from attributing
               | meaning to aspects that result in or are related to life.
               | Neither wanting to protect yourself or others is against
               | Nilhism per se, mainly I think because acknowledging the
               | pointlessness of something does not immediately or
               | unequivocally make something else reasonable or
               | justifiable. For example, if I say I don't eat fish it
               | doesn't necessarily mean that I am okay with you punching
               | me in the face etc...though, it would make a nice Monty
               | Python sketch.
        
             | YellOh wrote:
             | Seems like a weirdly stringent test for nihilism. If a
             | nihilist believes there is no meaning in living but also no
             | meaning in dying, why would they default to dying?
             | 
             | A lot of built-in taboos (e.g. against bodily damage) make
             | living a "default" human choice, and unless you're also
             | burying the assumption that without meaning one should
             | actively seek death as soon as possible(?), it seems like
             | nihilists could keep riding the default until they got
             | sufficiently bored of it.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | When I think of nihilism, I think of depressed people who
               | can't pick themselves up to do anything because of a
               | feeling of hopelessness, or a man experiencing a mid life
               | crisis wondering what he's worked so hard for. These
               | people often resort unhealthy coping mechanisms or even
               | worse, suicide.
        
               | YellOh wrote:
               | You're equivocating between your stereotype of nihilism
               | and what "real nihilists" "should" do to be considered a
               | nihilist. Nihilism != depression, even if there is
               | overlap, and it's useful to let the words have different
               | meanings.
               | 
               | There are a decent number of people who are nihilists
               | without meeting your assumptions above (though they're
               | probably less salient, as if someone seems functional &
               | not-miserable, people don't usually bother to ask whether
               | they're a nihilist).
               | 
               | Nietzche defines nihilism (partially) as those who oppose
               | the affirmation of life which is _kind_ of related to
               | what you say here... except the affirmation of life
               | requires a  "yes" to life such that "all of eternity [is]
               | embraced, redeemed, justified and affirmed,"[0] which I
               | think plenty of (functional, happy-ish) people do not
               | experience.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nietzschean_affirmation
               | 
               | [Footnote: Nietzsche is writing _against_ the nihilism he
               | saw in his own time, not in favor.]
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | I'm not equivocating anything, my test for nihilism is
               | very simple, "do you have anything meaningful in your
               | life". What I mentioned earlier are symptoms or forms of
               | nihilism.
               | 
               | What I hate is when people describe nihilism as "Well, I
               | don't believe there is meaning but also I find
               | satisfaction in the small things in life" or "There's no
               | point in life, the point of life is to live". It's always
               | the same pattern of rejecting objective meaning and
               | thinking that's the same as having no meaning.
               | 
               | Fwiw, I'm in favor of Nietzsche's definition too, but I
               | don't want to introduce a whole host of loaded words to
               | an already confusing topic
        
               | YellOh wrote:
               | Does someone occasionally getting small satisfactions
               | equal them thinking there is meaning in life? If so,
               | we're using very different definitions of meaning. I
               | think people can think there is no meaning _and also_ be
               | capable of occasional positive experiences.
               | 
               | (I don't understand the second quote so can't comment on
               | it.)
               | 
               | One of my favorite poems is Be Drunk[0]. Would you take
               | someone agreeing with the "thesis" of Be Drunk (thinking
               | it's necessary to numb yourself against meaninglessness
               | through diversions like alcohol or poetry) as unable to
               | be a nihilist, because they are capable of distracting
               | themselves from meaninglessness?
               | 
               | [0] https://poets.org/poem/be-drunk
               | 
               | -
               | 
               | ETA: I don't think "is there anything meaningful in your
               | life" uses the word "meaning" in the same was as the
               | question "does life have meaning." Maybe the below
               | commentor was totally correct about us all talking past
               | each other, because the first question seems to ask "does
               | anything reliably bring you joy" while the second asks
               | "is there a purpose to existence." Someone could have
               | things that matter to them while still thinking existence
               | is purposeless.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | To get out of the morbid tone of the thread, I do want to
               | say that, I think we probably mostly agree. I just want
               | to reframe the conversation from, "despite the lack of
               | (objective) meaning, build your own meaning" to "meaning
               | is all around us, you just need to look a little harder"
               | because the former is a very negative perspective on life
               | in my opinion, and it can come from a place of
               | resentment.
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | You're assuming it's natural to assign a negative value to
             | living. If future suffering is a reason to die, why
             | shouldn't future pleasure be reason to live?
        
           | bamfly wrote:
           | There exist multiple good, free encyclopedias of philosophy
           | online:
           | 
           | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/life-meaning/#Nihi
           | 
           | https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/nihilism/v-1
           | 
           | https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/
           | 
           | Stanford's is probably the best-regarded of the bunch--you'll
           | struggle to find a better brief introduction to most topics,
           | than it provides, especially for $0. Skipping e.g. Wikipedia
           | and going straight to the SEP, for philosophical topics, is
           | usually a good call.
        
           | notnaut wrote:
           | The universe has no ethics. Humanity has no ethics inherent,
           | besides that which is directly encoded in our dna. That
           | doesn't mean it's not good/useful for people to have ethics.
           | That doesn't mean it's not a meaningful pursuit, to people in
           | a context. It's just that the context holds the value, rather
           | than the thing itself.
           | 
           | I think nihilism often goes beyond this though.
        
         | jona-f wrote:
         | Yes, to me rejecting objective meaning is nihilism, what do you
         | call it? What you call nihilism, i might call radical nihilism
         | or extreme nihilism. Yes, taken to the extreme, it would lead
         | to total apathy, as there is no reason to do anything (Also no
         | reason to kill yourself btw). But you can still have nihilism
         | as the foundation of your philosophy. That would probably be a
         | contradiction to you, cause you take nihilism very literal. And
         | yes, by your definition any known nihilist is a fake nihilist,
         | otherwise you wouldn't know them.
        
           | adasdasdas wrote:
           | > Yes, to me rejecting objective meaning is nihilism, what do
           | you call it?
           | 
           | The word closest to rejecting objective meaning is just non-
           | religious because objective meaning is mostly a religious
           | phenomenon.
           | 
           | What matters is that the alternative is NOT just nihilism,
           | but also existentialism.
        
             | jona-f wrote:
             | Existentialism is one of those philosophies based on
             | nihilism in my book.
        
               | adasdasdas wrote:
               | That's fine if you want use your definition, but most
               | existentialists consider nihilism the common enemy in a
               | society without object meaning.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Logic is a convenient tool, and it underpins mathematical
       | reasoning and thus all mechanistic explanations of the universe.
       | This does seem to imply a lack of meaning due to predetermination
       | if we follow Descartes... but that's all fallen down due to all
       | sorts of revelations, including quantum indeterminancy, special
       | and general relativity, and sensitive dependence on initial
       | conditions in the world of physics, and incompleteness (Godel)
       | and undecidability (Church-Turing) in the mathematical world.
       | Mathematics is now like a castle floating in the sky, holding
       | itself up by its own bootstraps, and physics is as much
       | probability as it is predictability. We can go to great efforts
       | to create systems that provide the illusion of predictable,
       | logical behavior (e.g. computers), but cosmic rays still flip
       | bits occasionally.
       | 
       | I've adopted this viewpoint as a result:
       | 
       | "Deep in the human unconscious is a pervasive need for a logical
       | universe that makes sense. But the real universe is always one
       | step beyond logic." - Frank Herbert, Dune
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | > Deep down, maybe I still yearn for more than dancing and
       | farting.
       | 
       | Got me to smile with that, thanks.
        
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