[HN Gopher] Boston mayor announces residential conversion progra...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Boston mayor announces residential conversion program for office
       buildings
        
       Author : toss1
       Score  : 174 points
       Date   : 2023-07-13 20:27 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bostonplans.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bostonplans.org)
        
       | lusus_naturae wrote:
       | I think this policy is incomplete without ensuring there is
       | enough competition to ensure that rents stay relatively
       | affordable.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | more supply = more competition, no?
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | I have _never_ seen more supply of apartments make existing
           | rents go down.
           | 
           | I had a friend's rent go up 25% in one year in an area that
           | has seen a huge amount of apartment buildings go up. That's
           | not rational. The companies that own these apartment
           | buildings care about nothing more than more money and know
           | that they'll be able to find someone to pay the exhorbant
           | prices.
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | because supply has almost never outpaced demand in these
             | cities
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | Under what conditions or reality will supply ever outpace
               | demand in big cities like Boston or New York? I don't
               | think it's physically, realistically, or pragmatically
               | possible.
        
             | crmd wrote:
             | Same in New York City where I live. A major reason is that
             | the demand curve is effectively vertical - people here who
             | would like to buy a home to live in are not competing just
             | with other residents but with a global investor class who
             | want to park capital in NYC property (and expect an
             | appreciation rate that far exceeds inflation).
        
             | beastman82 wrote:
             | Supply and demand is the oldest, most obvious economic
             | relationship in existence.
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | And yet it doesn't correctly model the situation. This
               | isn't rabbits and foxes.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Prices in his area went up, because of gentrification, but
             | it relaxed demand in other parts of the city.
             | 
             | Even if prices in other parts went up, they would have gone
             | up even more if there had been no construction.
        
             | thrill wrote:
             | "know that they'll be able to find someone to pay"
             | 
             | So, you're saying the demand remains greater than the
             | supply?
        
               | bmitc wrote:
               | What are you getting at?
               | 
               | That is not necessarily the only conclusion that supports
               | that, but it is one. A lot of urban designers just think
               | that building apartment buildings will help with the
               | demand problem in the same way that people think building
               | highways alleviates congestion, which perhaps
               | surprisingly urban designers know that that doesn't work
               | for highways. And I see no evidence, at least in big
               | metropolitan areas like Boston with a huge amount of
               | attraction, that building supply does anything to ease
               | demand. If anything, it increases it.
               | 
               | I would argue that demand in major cities will never go
               | down. In particular, the greater Boston area has more
               | than 500,000 college students. Many of those graduate and
               | stay and work in the area and many more graduates move
               | into the greater Boston area to work. It's a big area
               | with lots of growing fields with a lot of professional
               | people moving into. Demand is simply not going to go down
               | for apartments, and the demand for housing shows no signs
               | of slowing either.
               | 
               | A bit of my point was that landlords siphon off money
               | from society knowing how important housing is to people
               | and will charge the absolute maximum they can get away
               | with. It's predatory.
        
             | favorited wrote:
             | Your rent is only going to go down if you move. Your
             | landlord knows you're willing to pay the current rate,
             | they're not incentivized to lower it.
        
           | lusus_naturae wrote:
           | It depends. If everything is owned by the same management or
           | equity firm, then no.
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | A REIT is the worst. One in my town is demanding a 20% rent
             | increase. And also asking for tax breaks. Half the tenants
             | will have to move and their tax money is going to the
             | company forcing them out. The people in the building are in
             | well paying jobs like IT professions not low income or
             | elderly (but they are also facing the same thing).
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | The idea that a single firm or even a stable cartel could
             | effectively control prices in a market as large as Boston
             | is just naive.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | They can just run a cartel [1]. I don't understand why
               | anyone thinks things like housing can have any
               | competition when housing is not a commodity but a
               | necessity and the margins are rather thin with little to
               | no space for efficiency and innovation, and private
               | equity can just buy apartments and houses.
               | 
               | > In one neighborhood in Seattle, ProPublica found, 70%
               | of apartments were overseen by just 10 property managers,
               | every single one of which used pricing software sold by
               | RealPage.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.propublica.org/article/yieldstar-rent-
               | increase-r...
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | Property managers <> owners. RE investment is very hands
               | on, and people hiring property managers to deal with it
               | on their behalf. The idea that the top 10 own 70% of the
               | market is not a shock.
               | 
               | You could probably do this "top 10 own 70% of __ market"
               | for literally anything.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | I think you skipped the last clause of the sentence
               | you're referencing (and forgot to look at the source).
               | The real point is that one software vendor effectively
               | controls all the pricing.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | Notice that you omitted the important part:
               | 
               | > every single one of which used pricing software sold by
               | RealPage.
               | 
               | Which makes this effectively a cartel.
        
               | LightBug1 wrote:
               | De facto cartels ... what do you think is going on now
               | around the world, let alone speculatively in Boston.
        
               | ethanbond wrote:
               | Not cartels. Rising productivity means everyone knows
               | they can raise rents. No coordination necessary.
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | Sure less owners is bad for competition, but more supply
             | itself creates competition in a sense.
             | 
             | Let's say theres 100 apartments in the entire town, and
             | they are all owned by the same company. Next let's say they
             | build 50 more apartments and theres now 1000 apartments
             | still all owned by the same company. Given the number of
             | apartments has increased, renters now have more power to
             | negotiate as the owners have more units they need to fill.
             | 
             | This is why Tesla for example is dropping prices as they
             | produce more cars and they have inventory vs when they had
             | 6-12 month backlog & scalpers were flipping used vehicles
             | for more than new in 2021-2022.
             | 
             | When supply is severely constrained, you end up with
             | bidding wars for the finite goods.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | > as the owners have more units they need to fill.
               | 
               | Or they can leave the units empty. There's no reason all
               | units must be filled.
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | I'm confused. Why is this program necessary? If building owners
       | are sitting on vacant space because the demand for office space
       | has dropped, while the demand for housing continues to rise,
       | aren't they already incentivized to convert to residential space
       | just based on the market conditions? Not sure why the city has to
       | subsidize the property owners.
        
         | thinkcontext wrote:
         | Office space rents for more per SQ ft than residential, so
         | landlords have incentive to keep it vacant in the hopes that
         | markets come back.
        
           | eagleinparadise wrote:
           | I work in CRE - anyone reading this completely disregard this
           | silly comment. it is laughably stupid
        
         | superfrank wrote:
         | I've read that one of the biggest problems is that while the
         | demand for office space has dropped, the cost to convert to
         | residential is so high that building owners can't break even on
         | a reasonable timeline so they have little incentive to convert.
         | I'm not an expert at all, but I think that in addition to
         | building out the new floor plans you pretty much have to redo
         | all the plumbing and electrical and I believe in many places
         | the rules for emergency exits are different between the two
         | building types. I think in some cases it would actually just be
         | cheaper to tear the entire building down and build a new one
         | from the ground up.
         | 
         | I think many owners have the mindset that if they're going to
         | lose money either way they'll stick with the devil they know
         | and hope for a miracle rebound. It sounds like this program is
         | offering tax incentives to help offset those conversion costs
         | to make it much easier for building owners to break even after
         | a conversion.
        
         | eagleinparadise wrote:
         | Most office buildings are not architecturally feasible to
         | convert to residential. In fact, because of zoning laws,
         | many/most can't even be converted.
         | 
         | Would you live in an apartment 15 feet wide and 50 feet deep?
         | No. That's why most office buildings dont work
         | 
         | You have to redo all the mechanical, plumbing, electric, and
         | then entirely refinish the building. Its literally cheaper to
         | build new than deal with the nightmare that is to convert an
         | office.
         | 
         | I work in CRE - every single office to multi deal i have seen
         | the developer has war stories. And the units are 40-100% more
         | expensive in cost than other apartments.
         | 
         | Office buildings are like an infectious disease. You could let
         | them die. But if you have an urban infill city environment and
         | more and more office properties become ghost buildings, then
         | that disease will spread. All of the restaurants and other
         | businesses nearby that rely on the foot traffic from office
         | folk, they will die. You will see more riff raff. More
         | homeless. More crime.
         | 
         | Many office assets need to go to 0 in asset value before the
         | private market is willing to take the risk of those
         | conversions.
         | 
         | Remember, loans are close to 10% for construction. And equity
         | returns are higher.
        
       | fundad wrote:
       | Housing should not be privatized
        
       | TimTheTinker wrote:
       | IMO, they should consider banning cars in downtown areas (and
       | adding large parking garages just outside them) while they're at
       | it.
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | Very ableist of you. Not everyone has the luxury to rely on
         | unreliable MTA or bike.
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | Nothing says that banning general commuter cars also means
           | banning handicapable public transit, cabs, or specialty
           | medical transport though.
        
             | menus wrote:
             | The original comment did not specify that.
             | 
             | It may be obvious to you or me but not to most people.
             | 
             | Advocates for improved cities need to understand that are
             | less likely to receive pushback if they are clear and
             | concise from the get go.
        
         | skwirl wrote:
         | They will have to fix Boston's horribly broken subway system
         | first.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | Easier to do if you stop having to maintain tons of roadway
           | and can move that money into mass transit.
        
           | caditinpiscinam wrote:
           | When I lived in Boston I used the subway a lot and though it
           | was ok. What makes you say it's broken? Has it gotten worse
           | recently?
        
             | spacephysics wrote:
             | Red line and blue line don't connect. You need to take a
             | bus to "connect" them
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | the subway only runs from 5:30 to 1am (so good luck getting
             | to the airport for a morning flight). also it's been on
             | fire and slow and often down for maintenance
        
             | whymauri wrote:
             | Since Fall of 2022, there's been a negative spiral within
             | the MBTA. Primarily due to poor maintenance leading to:
             | service cuts, full shutdown of certain lines, and the
             | highest percentage of slow zones in recent history.
             | 
             | Here's a graph of slow zones:
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/boston/comments/11qtx82/red_line_s
             | l...
             | 
             | They are returning a good chunk of the system back to
             | regular service this Summer, though.
             | 
             | Edit: the slow zones might not be clear on that graph, but
             | at one point the Red Line end-to-end was around 1-1.5 hours
             | slower. Especially bad for commuters.
        
             | natdempk wrote:
             | TransitMatters has a nice graph of the problem: https://das
             | hboard.transitmatters.org/slowzones?startDate=202...
        
       | twelvechairs wrote:
       | Its a delicate balance with these things. Residential brings life
       | to the monotonous business areas and helps to improve housing
       | supply (often not by an awful lot) but on the other hand, once
       | you lose office sites they are generally gone forever (because of
       | multiple ownership you can almost never convert from residential
       | back to office) and even though the office market is taking a big
       | hit from working from home / remote, the broader trend of the
       | past 100 years is more and more jobs being concentrated into
       | fewer and fewer office district that have to be larger and larger
       | in critical mass.
       | 
       | Sydney, Australia is a good example. They introduced residential
       | floorspace bonuses 10-20 years ago which have changed the city
       | for the better. Pre-covid they wanted to shut this lever off as
       | it almost flipped the other way where they were running out of
       | land for offices to keep up with demand. Now its a bit of a lull
       | on how to respond to the new environment though.
        
         | kbenson wrote:
         | > even though the office market is taking a big hit from
         | working from home / remote, the broader trend of the past 100
         | years is more and more jobs being concentrated into fewer and
         | fewer office district that have to be larger and larger in
         | critical mass.
         | 
         | Well, the question is whether we hit an inflection point which
         | changed the future drastically and invalidated data based on
         | prior trends or not. So, does remote work just alleviate _how
         | quickly_ office space needs were growing (and if so is it to
         | the point that new office space could be built), or does it
         | actually reverse the trend to a degree?
        
       | temp-boston wrote:
       | When I read this my immediate reaction is this is part of
       | Boston's effort to blunt the impact of the potential incoming
       | commercial real estate crash, which could damage many Boston
       | business as well as Boston's commercial tax base.
       | 
       | I was surprised not to see that mentioned at all in the
       | announcement. Is it unrelated? Is the announcement political spin
       | to encourage those who might otherwise be against bailing out
       | commercial real estate property owners to support it? Am I just
       | wrong and this has nothing to do with the CRE crisis?
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | > a rate reduction by up to 75% of the standard tax rate for
       | residential for up to 29 years could provide a strong incentive
       | to encourage conversion. This would be implemented through a
       | public-private partnership that will enable the BPDA, the City,
       | and the proponent to enter into a payment in lieu of taxes
       | (PILOT) agreement
       | 
       | This is actually a pretty nice rebate (similar to the one Ed Lee
       | and Willie Brown proposed for Mid-Market redevelopment and
       | Mission Bay's development respectively). I'd love for SF to use
       | similar terms, but I doubt it's politically feasible anymore.
        
         | mholm wrote:
         | Is this as good as I'm imagining? Almost feels like any office
         | developer would be looking at their offices and thinking about
         | it, even if they're currently rented.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | Property taxes are a big expense, but not as big as the debt
           | on the construction costs. And you end up with massive
           | additional construction costs for fewer square feet to lease.
           | 
           | So you only can do this if your bank decides to agree to take
           | a haircut... which only happens if the bank is convinced you
           | have no other options.
           | 
           | Reducing the property tax provides a sweetener that you and
           | the bank can share to make it slightly more palatable.
        
             | fasthands9 wrote:
             | I could imagine edge scenarios (not sure how common) where
             | office buildings that happen to have residential friendly
             | layouts do this first. Perhaps if that happened it would
             | both raise demand for non-residential space (more people
             | living nearby) and lower supply of commercial prop avail.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > Perhaps if that happened it would both raise demand for
               | non-residential space (more people living nearby) and
               | lower supply of commercial prop avail.
               | 
               | Yup, that's what economics does: the firms with the
               | lowest cost to converting, do so. And it's a nice follow-
               | on effect that more residential hopefully increases
               | commercial demand.
               | 
               | This is mostly a factor where you have a big inventory of
               | older commercial buildings. Advances in HVAC (and before
               | that, lighting) have let you build bigger floors that are
               | less desirable for residential use.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Yes. Left wing politicians need to remember a rising tide lifts
         | all boats. We need to stop treating things like zero sum games
         | and that we need to take things away or redistribute finite
         | goods.
         | 
         | Subsidizing things like education, housing, and healthcare..
         | without corresponding encouraging increases in SUPPLY.. just
         | gives more dollars to the demand side to chase the same stuff.
         | 
         | Yes, typically the market responds, but in highly regulated
         | markets the government needs to make sure they are encouraging
         | rather than discouraging supply.
         | 
         | For example in NYC, an office-to-residential dev was talking
         | about how depending on the neighborhood, there are basically
         | cutoff dates of what construction year is eligible for
         | conversion. In midtown it's something like 1960 whereas
         | downtown it is the 70s or so. That is - nothing built after
         | that date can be converted. And the dates are fixed, not
         | changed in years, have to be renegotiated in zoning law
         | periodically.
         | 
         | There's no fixed reason for this other than setting arbitrary
         | numbers to limit the amount of conversions to residential..
         | that is.. reduce the ability to build housing!
         | 
         | When asked why, the developer basically said "it's sort of
         | arbitrary but they do it so that a neighborhood doesn't get too
         | much housing when it doesn't have enough schools or markets,
         | etc".
         | 
         | Which is kind of crazy. Build the housing. Build the schools.
         | Just.. build.
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | Yeah, it's a good thing we have a famously right-wing bastion
           | like Boston to lead the way with good old fashioned
           | conservative policies like more housing and less commercial
           | real estate. /s
        
         | bonestamp2 wrote:
         | This is a very nice rebate... maybe too nice? It's hard to say,
         | but other cities might learn a lot from this experiment.
        
       | tiedieconderoga wrote:
       | It's a fine idea if good candidates for conversion can be found,
       | but shouldn't they fix up their dilapidated public transit system
       | before inviting more density into their urban core?
       | 
       | Just today, one of their rail cars caught fire at an elevated
       | station, and their broken fire suppression system did nothing but
       | flood the ground floor when the firefighters tried to use it.
       | 
       | Wu's push for more housing density along the city's functioning
       | arteries feels more realistic. Maybe they're realizing that plan
       | could also suck a lot of property taxes out of the urban center.
        
         | abange wrote:
         | I believe that part of the issue is the MBTA is a state level
         | organization not city level. Wu doesn't have the power to fix
         | the T. I agree that adding more load to an already crumbling
         | system doesn't seem like a great idea but empty office
         | buildings create their own problems by leaving "Dead" blocks or
         | areas which can invite crime and decay.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | There's a new general manager, Phillip Eng, who's actually a
         | transit enthusiast rather than some random bureaucrat... if he
         | can't fix the issues plaguing the MBTA no general manager can.
         | This is a long problem though, they're trying to fix decades of
         | unaddressed maintenance issues.
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | He may be an enthusiast, but one also needs to be a Lyndon
           | Johnson level of bureaucratic bulldozer, I suspect...
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | I absolutely agree we need to discuss the topic of their
         | dilapidated public transit system. But shouldn't we first solve
         | the problem of how to deal with Richard Stallman's oversized
         | influence on the FSF?
         | 
         | Until we have a truly well-funded FSF filled with both
         | successful projects and sustainable outreach programs that can
         | reach a more diverse set of participants, I'm afraid that the
         | topic of software freedom will continue to be relegated to the
         | sidelines as some kind of fringe religious zeal.
         | 
         | Until we do that, we'd just be replacing one unethically-
         | proprietary fire suppression system with another unethically-
         | proprietary fire suppression system. And riders will just be
         | commuting back and forth between abodes wired with automation
         | systems which do not respect the wishes of the users within
         | them.
        
         | beastman82 wrote:
         | These are not mutually exclusive
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | If you're going to hold solving the housing crisis hostage to
         | having proper public transit infrastructure, we're never going
         | to solve the housing crisis.
        
           | fasthands9 wrote:
           | Yeah. I realize there are tax breaks in her bill but in
           | theory getting more people living in these dense areas will
           | raise ridership on the subway a lot and raise taxes as a
           | whole - which would pay for things like repairs which the OP
           | complains about.
        
             | stathibus wrote:
             | No amount of ridership or city tax revenue would make the
             | MBTA solvent. It's a sinking ship that is beyond rescue
             | without massive federal intervention. Nobody in MA wants to
             | say that though, because it's an admission of failure.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | Feels more like a sensible compromise between a bailout for
         | commercial real estate holders and helping the city to continue
         | growing. In theory at least.
         | 
         | The T definitely needs some help. But if you're living
         | downtown, it's a very walkable city fwiw.
        
         | tapoxi wrote:
         | Boston isn't in charge of the MBTA, the state is, and the MBTA
         | is mostly in a poor state because it was saddled with debt from
         | the Big Dig.
        
         | nix0n wrote:
         | It will reduce the strain on transportation infrastructure if
         | more people can live close to where they work, or have
         | "reverse" commutes.
        
       | MildRant wrote:
       | I think this is fantastic. Boston desperately needs more housing.
       | Let's get some increased funding for the T as well while we are
       | at it.
        
         | crmd wrote:
         | Property tax represents 72% of Boston's municipal revenue[0],
         | and this initiative provides a property tax reduction of up to
         | 75% for up to 29 years, so unfortunately this initiative will
         | not help with T funding.
         | 
         | [0]https://data.boston.gov/dataset/revenue-budget
        
           | gbear605 wrote:
           | If it allows more people to move into the city and start
           | working, that's more income taxes that can go towards funding
           | the T. Much of the T's is at the state level anyway.
        
         | natdempk wrote:
         | I will probably get sniped by someone who actually knows what
         | they're talking about (please correct me if I'm wrong :D), but
         | my impression of the T issues is less a funding issue, and more
         | a competency/corruption issue. We're building above-ground rail
         | at underground rail prices for one example problem.
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | There's a very good NYT article with great visualizations on the
       | process of and obstacles to converting office buildings to
       | residential:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/03/11/upshot/office...
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | chewmieser wrote:
         | Thanks, this was interesting! If anyone is blocked by the
         | paywall use this:
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/03/11/upshot/office...
        
         | marcosfelt wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this!
        
           | pcurve wrote:
           | WSJ recently had a good video on challenge of converting
           | office building into condo.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTKjwWlhcLM
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | Mayor Wu seems like the best mayor in the US. I saw her take a
       | selfie with Bad Bunny backstage at his concert. She's obviously
       | got her pulse on young blood over old blood. I need to learn more
       | about how she thinks. Anyone have a link?
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | There was a cool OddLots episode recently where they talked to a
       | guy who does Office to Residential work and some of the
       | complexity.
       | 
       | One thing he talked about, which I didn't know anyone did, was to
       | actually cut through the ceiling/floorplate of buildings to
       | basically "donut" them.
       | 
       | This is necessary because many office floorplans are huge with
       | modern HVAC and when converted into residential you end up with
       | either undesirable or illegal apartments due to lack of
       | windows/egress/etc.
       | 
       | Apparently they've done it a few times. Of course only some
       | buildings can support this, given the layout of the supports,
       | mechanicals, etc.
        
         | RC_ITR wrote:
         | It's against narrative, but this is one of the ways SF's
         | downtown is actually _extremely well positioned,_ assuming the
         | trend of office conversions actually takes off.
         | 
         | SF floorplates are usually _tiny_ due to historic biases of our
         | Planning Commission (the dog whistle used to be  'we don't want
         | a skyline of cereal boxes').
         | 
         | In fact, looking at the data [0] most of SF's _residential_
         | tower floorplates are bigger than SF 's _office_ floorplates.
         | 
         | [0]https://data.sfgov.org/Housing-and-Buildings/Map-of-Tall-
         | Bui...
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | I wonder if some interior spaces could be preserved for
         | commercial, some reallocated for retail, some set aside for
         | tenant mixed use areas.
         | 
         | I don't get why one area can only ever be for one kind of use.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | If you really want to know, I can't recommend the book
           | "Seeing like a state" enough.
           | 
           | TL;DR: For government officials who are charged with
           | supervising regulations over tens of thousands of areas, it's
           | already more than complicated enough if each of those areas
           | has a single use designation. If you allow all of those to
           | have multiple designations, it becomes too complex for humans
           | to administer and so they don't allow multiple designations.
        
             | another_story wrote:
             | There are so many cities (I'd say it's the majority in the
             | world), with mixed use zoning which work wonderfully. Lower
             | floors are offices or businesses and upper floors are
             | apartments. Why is this so difficult?
        
               | wonder_er wrote:
               | part of the reason this is so bad in the USA is indeed
               | what OP named, the concept of 'legibility', as explained
               | in 'seeing like a state'.
               | 
               | In the case of the USA, though, another 'lens' on the
               | legibility is that overall the people making the laws
               | were neurotically concerned with keeping black people
               | away from white people and enforcing segregation.
               | 
               | 'separating uses' was a good way to also 'separate
               | users', and a little barely-that-creative law-writing
               | lets someone keep black people quite removed from the
               | white people.
               | 
               | I found a document from 1922 that is upstream of all
               | american zoning codes - it's what got ratified in Euclid
               | v. Ambler circa 1926.
               | 
               | It's explicit goal was:
               | 
               | "To maintain harmonious relations between the races, care
               | has been given to ensure adequate separation between the
               | two, with room to grow without encroaching on the other"
               | 
               | The race-based zoning designations are gold:
               | 
               | "R1 - white, R2 - colored, R3 - undecided"
               | 
               | Here's a deep link straight to that portion of the
               | document: https://josh.works/full-copy-of-1922-atlanta-
               | zone-plan#race-...
               | 
               | Oh, it also says:
               | 
               | "The ordinary two or three story store and dwelling
               | building is not a desirable type of construction from a
               | public stand point. The regulations as applied will tend
               | to reduce the number of flats that would otherwise be
               | located over stores."
               | 
               | So - there it is. The goal of American zoning was, in
               | part, to eliminate 'the ordinary two or three story store
               | and dwelling building'.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I swear, it's impossible to please people. People are
               | complaining that mixed use zoning on Taraval street in SF
               | is wasting space because the street-level floors are
               | wasted and they should be converted into apartments (many
               | business have shuttered and ground floors remain empty in
               | some mixed use buildings).
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | > This is necessary because many office floorplans are huge
         | with modern HVAC and when converted into residential you end up
         | with either undesirable or illegal apartments due to lack of
         | windows/egress/etc.
         | 
         | Couldn't you just wall off the middle? I mean, you do get
         | another set of windows on the inner courtyard, but it seems
         | expensive to perform such major surgery on a building.
        
           | xattt wrote:
           | Donuted buildings will forever remind me of the Ponte Tower
           | building.
           | 
           | (1) https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/02
           | /th...
        
             | metadat wrote:
             | _The South African Building That Came to Symbolize the
             | Apocalypse_
             | 
             | https://archive.today/qfZ91
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Well, we're calling them "donut holes", but they're
             | actually rectangles. :P
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | In Hong Kong, pre-handover, I stayed in a windowless hotel
             | room.
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | turn it into storage space I'd say
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | If you don't use the center of the building, then you only
           | have room for one "ring" of residential units, whose windows
           | face the exterior of the building. If you cut a donut hole
           | down the center of the building, now you have room for two
           | rings of units. Furthermore, in places like NYC, developers
           | are allowed to "bank" the floorspace that comprised the donut
           | hole and add new construction on top of the building so that
           | overall square footage remains the same.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | > Furthermore, in places like NYC, developers are allowed
             | to "bank" the floorspace that comprised the donut hole and
             | add new construction on top of the building so that overall
             | square footage remains the same.
             | 
             | Oh, yah, that's cool. You probably have a lot of systems
             | surrounding the building (and ingress/egress) designed for
             | that total volume.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | They have limits on building square footage but not height?
             | Or is that a weird loophole in a height restriction?
        
               | larubbio wrote:
               | I think there are limits on both. Floor area ratio
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_area_ratio) is how
               | it is coded into regulations. The lot size and the height
               | restrictions create a bounding box that the building
               | needs to fit within.
        
               | t3rabytes wrote:
               | Common in NYC to do that to say you have the tallest
               | building by height even if you were only approved to
               | build X floors (your service floors don't count) -- from
               | the couple videos I've watched about it over the years
               | (see 432 Park Ave).
        
           | hardwaregeek wrote:
           | But you effectively get another set of apartments that have
           | interior windows. Sure they're not gonna have a great view
           | but they're still rentable apartments
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | Depending on what you do with the interior, they can
             | actually be great apartments. Much quieter than street
             | facing, put a nice little courtyard in the center.. etc.
        
           | stephenr wrote:
           | I would have thought it would make perfect storage space.
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | Depending on local laws.. windowless apartments are illegal.
           | windowless bedrooms are illegal. etc.
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | I think they're suggesting just having dead space in the
             | middle.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | Why not make storage spaces?
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | Because that would convert space really badly. If you're
               | making 10'x10' rooms out of a 100'x100' space, it's 74%
               | dead space. If a floor is more than 10,000 sq feet, maybe
               | 40,000 sq feet, it goes up to to 90%.
               | 
               | I mean, numbers are made up, but the point holds.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | I'd be interested to see people get really creative with
               | it. Throw a gym in on one floor. Cinema room on another.
               | Storage units in a few more. Probably difficult to
               | structurally support a pool on a floor not already
               | designed for one but sure, let's throw one in there too.
               | A kids playroom is maybe a little depressing with no
               | natural light but it could work. Hell: keep the middle
               | commercial space and put a grocery store in.
               | 
               | Obviously once you're talking about true high rises
               | you're going to run out of possibilities and I know the
               | maths is still very rough. But it's an interesting
               | thought exercise to think about just how many amenities
               | you could pack into a building.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | I know your numbers are made up but presumably an
               | apartment is much deeper than 10'. You'd want to make it
               | as narrow and deep as practical. 20x45'? 25x36'?
               | 
               | I get that you get (almost) twice as many apartments
               | (presuming you don't build up higher), but you also get a
               | massive and complicated one time cost. It surprises me
               | that it could ever be worth it.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | I call this the Chicago layout -many apartments are long
               | and narrow. I have assumed it was to ensure access to two
               | fire escapes. Too hazard a guess, I have seen some that
               | might only be 15' wide, supporting a 10x10 room with a
               | hallway to access it.
        
             | Vvector wrote:
             | It's legal, in most cases, to omit an egress window in
             | bedrooms in high-rise buildings--but only because the
             | building includes fire-safety features (for example,
             | sprinklers, fire alarm systems, and egress stairways)
             | 
             | https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/bedrooms-
             | withou...
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | Two different rules
               | 
               | Bedrooms have egress requirements
               | 
               | Apartments have window requirements (eg natural light)
        
         | bonestamp2 wrote:
         | For buildings where they can't cut the whole center of the
         | building... maybe cutting more (but smaller) holes part way
         | between the outside and the center would work. Then do vertical
         | gardens up those shafts.
        
         | INGSOCIALITE wrote:
         | Typically switching from office to residential they will remove
         | one elevator per bank and use the empty shaft for pipe/wiring
         | riser
        
         | pimlottc wrote:
         | This looks like the episode of OddLots you're talking about:
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-07/what-it-a...
         | 
         | They talk about converting 180 Water St by adding an internal
         | atrium; it's also one of the conversions illustrated in the
         | recent NYT article about the difficulties of office-to-
         | residential conversions:
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/03/11/upshot/office...
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | We need more creative thinking like this, not just in Boston, but
       | in any city where there's a glut of office space. (In North
       | America, that includes NYC, San Francisco, Toronto, Winnipeg ...)
       | 
       | The devil, of course, will be in the details. But incentives like
       | this can really help get things moving in the right direction.
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | This could actually work in a city like Boston (almost uniquely
       | in the US). Most of those low/midrise older buildings downtown
       | were likely residential to begin with.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | _> almost uniquely in the US_
         | 
         | Any east coast city should have an easier time of it, because
         | the main determining factor for retrofitting office buildings
         | into residential is the distance between the center of the
         | building and the exterior, in order to make sure there's enough
         | windows in each unit. Any office building built before the
         | advent of the electric light should be just fine, so there's
         | plenty of opportunity in places like Philadelphia.
        
           | glowingly wrote:
           | I do not know if Boston is unique in this regard, but there
           | was a lot of company housing in the region.
           | 
           | Where I worked in Longwood (Boston), the offices surrounding
           | me were massive, historic buildings with plaques
           | commemorating their origin. They were originally built for
           | housing nurses and doctors who worked in the area's hospitals
           | (there is a concentration of hospitals in Longwood).
           | 
           | So in this case, these were built and used as housing before
           | a later conversion to office space.
           | 
           | These are currently utilized hospital buildings. IMO, they
           | are unlikely to be converted back to residential at this
           | time.
        
       | bee_rider wrote:
       | How is Boston doing nowadays, overall?
       | 
       | As an Masshole, but not a city one, I've always kinda admired the
       | job they do in Boston. At least, you don't get the big dramatic
       | narratives about it crumbling, like California cities, and NYC
       | seems to be a bit boom-bust.
       | 
       | Boston seems to always be doing fine. The Big Dig was a ripoff
       | but that was ages ago, and the T smells like piss but that's par
       | for the course, right?
        
         | ollien wrote:
         | It's fine. The T is as bad as ever, shutting off sections for
         | weeks on end for repairs. Rents are through the roof. But
         | things aren't all bad, it's still a fun city.
        
         | whymauri wrote:
         | My favorite thing about the MBTA is it's one of the least piss-
         | smelling subway system in the U.S.
         | 
         | I wish it moved like the MTA, though lol. I might be willing to
         | make that tradeoff... maybe.
        
         | doctoboggan wrote:
         | I lived in Cambridge/Somerville from 2013 - 2019 and always had
         | the feeling that downtown was only for office workers during
         | business hours. There never seemed to be anything to do after
         | hours as all the workers left downtown at 5pm. If this proposal
         | takes off it would be really nice to see a lively downtown on
         | the evenings and weekends.
        
           | pivo wrote:
           | I live downtown (Leather District) and work downtown (Post
           | Office Sq.) I think there's really quite a bit of stuff to
           | do. Not NYC stuff to do level, sure, but definitely not a
           | wasteland after dark either.
           | 
           | I do agree, there are some beautiful old office buildings
           | around here that would probably make great residential
           | buildings. That would be even better for the area.
        
         | mrDmrTmrJ wrote:
         | Fun fact - The Big Dig can pay for itself if they ever toll on
         | 93 like they do the Mass Pike
        
         | natdempk wrote:
         | We're not building enough housing, COL/rent is high to the
         | point where it makes it hard for many smaller businesses to
         | thrive, the MBTA is an embarrassment, we're not laying enough
         | fiber, the roads could use some work, but overall things are
         | stable and fine. I just wish there was more of a standard of
         | excellence all around.
        
       | kgc wrote:
       | Maybe just make the middle a datacenter that uses that modern
       | HVAC. Datacenter doesn't need windows.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Plus Boston is a big biotech city. Chilly winter day? Fold some
         | proteins.
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | Great news -- especially for the investors who own all those
       | office buildings, and the banks that lent money to them.
       | 
       | Their government in Boston has just announced it's about to save
       | them from otherwise certain financial distress.
       | 
       | The polite term they're using to describe such generous
       | government help is "public-private partnership."
        
         | kbos87 wrote:
         | It's far and away in the best interests of the people who live
         | in these cities for these spaces to be repurposed. Wouldn't
         | want to cut off our nose to spite our face.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-07-13 23:00 UTC)