[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Co-founder equity split methods?
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       Ask HN: Co-founder equity split methods?
        
       I am a solo founder that created a MVP with help from a friend. The
       product has both software and hardware. I wrote all the software
       and worked on the hardware with my friend. My friend designed the
       main PCB of the product.  Now I wanted to bring my friend as a co-
       founder for a couple of reasons: 1. They have complimentary skills:
       hardware / PCB design. 2. I need a co-founder overall to improve
       productivity and need different inputs on many things.  The
       problems: 1. Currently my friend can only commit 1 full day per
       week. Future commit depends on how things go. 2. I started the
       project long before my friend started helping design the PCB.
       (about 2 years before). 3. The software work is far more than the
       hardware work in this project. 4. If I split the equity, say 10%,
       for my friend as co-founder given their commit level. What happens
       when they increase their commit level in the future, say to 50% or
       even full-time commitment after one year.  Note, my friend can also
       write software. I.e. he is not hardware-only guy but so far only
       did the hardware work in this project.  My question is: what are
       the recommended methods of equity split for my friend as a co-
       founder in this case?  Here are some points I collected so far:  1.
       Some say 50/50 split is good in general because it provides the
       sense of equality. 2. Some day 50/50 split is almost never good
       because it can cause deadlocks. 3. Almost everyone says vesting
       over years (4 years?) is good, and 1-year cliff is good. 4. I've
       read a book called "Slicing Pie handbook", but it seems to me it
       requires a lot overhead to get it right.  I was also wondering: is
       there some well-known method that is more dynamic than the fixed
       percent split, and also less dynamic / simpler than the "slicing
       pie" method?  Thanks!
        
       Author : askhn2023
       Score  : 14 points
       Date   : 2023-07-12 20:29 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | This is just me, but my personal policy is that all splits like
       | this have to be equal. With two people, 50-50. If one person
       | isn't contributing (or expected to contribute) enough to make
       | that acceptable, that person shouldn't be a partner.
       | 
       | The reason for this policy is that I've seen far too many
       | companies go under because partners start fighting about things
       | like who contributed more and so deserves the larger share.
       | That's utter poison to a partnership (particularly if a partner
       | is a friend, which is a whole danger zone all by itself) and
       | business.
       | 
       | Better just to say "we split everything equally" to avoid fights
       | in the future when circumstances change.
       | 
       | I am not suggesting this is the best way to handle it. It's just
       | the way that I've arrived at, and it's worked very well for me
       | for decades.
        
       | kmos17 wrote:
       | Based on my experience it's highly dependent on the situation and
       | especially on the personalities involved. One of the strongest
       | human emotions is the resentment people can feel when they
       | perceive a deal as being unfair. So if you can come up with an
       | arrangement that you both honestly feel is fair then that is
       | ideal, and maybe that is a 50:50 split or maybe not, that has to
       | be assessed on what you both think is the value of your
       | contributions today.
       | 
       | I've had a 50/50 split that worked beautifully because we
       | complemented each other in our roles, we were committed and there
       | was trust (so even if the workload wasn't always equal it didn't
       | create any resentment.)
       | 
       | But I look on that as the rare ideal exception, I think giving a
       | 50 split to someone not willing to commit is a formula for
       | possible future problems.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | This is the single most important comment and answer you will
         | receive. The details of the deal matter little, what matters is
         | that you two remain aligned and motivated to see it through. I
         | speak from experience being on both sides, keeping good,
         | positive blood between you two is all that matters and that is
         | what got you where you are, and will get you where you want to
         | go
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Some quick notes:
       | 
       | - it doesn't matter how much time you spent on it, look forward
       | 
       | - incorporate first, very cheap
       | 
       | - you will have to set up a vesting schedule for yourself
       | 
       | - you can use a calculator like this to inform you of the roles
       | you'll have in the future https://foundrs.com/ (number doesn't
       | matter, but look at the questions)
       | 
       | - you will have to set up a vesting schedule for him
       | 
       | - if you can acquire the hardware IP for the company, just do
       | that (you will have to raise to do this - don't spend own money -
       | but it will be hard without the IP in the first place, so maybe
       | precommit to price)
       | 
       | - I have no faith in part-time founders. Among my network of
       | people running venture-funded startups, 100% worked full-time on
       | it from incorporation. People worked part-time, but you were
       | either in at incorporation or not.
       | 
       | - in practice, what you have to give away in equity is
       | replacement-cost
       | 
       | - in practice, you currently have a company worth 0 and every
       | person you bring on should change the EV up.
       | 
       | - you can hire this person as an employee and then provide equity
       | commensurate and then issue more for when they come on full time
       | 
       | Sorry, not entirely useful but hope what's there helps.
        
       | xyzzy4747 wrote:
       | Never, ever give equity to a part-timer.
        
       | drx wrote:
       | My two cents:
       | 
       | - The equity split is about incentivizing/rewarding you both for
       | the work ahead, which is going to be much harder than anything
       | thus far
       | 
       | - I would treat the 2 years as a sunk cost
       | 
       | - If you are true cofounders, 50/50 or 51/49 is the fair way to
       | go
       | 
       | - Vesting diffuses the edge cases (either of you leave early,
       | either of you turn out to be flakes), and is a necessity if you
       | want to ever raise VC money
       | 
       | - It sounds like there is a question of him working only part
       | time. In this case he should not get founder equity. Read the
       | clerky docs as there can be severe drawbacks of granting
       | significant amounts of equity post-founding
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | IMO someone who cannot work on the effort full time cannot be a
       | co-founder and equal partner. If your friend wants to start off
       | as a part time employee or consultant then they should be given
       | equity accordingly. If they want to increase their role in the
       | future then you can always give them additional grants.
       | 
       | Being equal partners with someone but contributing five times as
       | much work into the company as them is a recipe for disaster.
        
       | alfalfasprout wrote:
       | Remember-- 50% of 0 is 0. Your initial founders should have a
       | vested interest in the success of the company. If you believe
       | someone is important enough to bring in at this very early stage,
       | then no I don't think 10% is enough even if they're part time.
       | 
       | 70/30 seems reasonable based on what you described.
        
       | helph67 wrote:
       | There's a tale I recall of 3 hobos who pooled their funds so they
       | could jointly buy a loaf of bread. They too faced this dilemma
       | until one of them pointed out that the purchase was only possible
       | because all 3 contributed.
        
       | notahacker wrote:
       | If your friend's time commitment will depend on how things go
       | (and presumably your startup's ability to replace income he
       | currently earns working the rest of the week) and you regard
       | yourself as having done most of the work so far and expect this
       | to continue in the near future, it sounds like the actual
       | relationship you are both looking for is closer to paid
       | contractor than cofounder
        
       | iSloth wrote:
       | Assume your friend does no more than a day a week, and in 5 years
       | you're worth a huge sum on money - what percentage do you think
       | would fairly reflect his reward, that's the percentage you should
       | give now.
       | 
       | If you give 5% for example, there's no reason you can't give more
       | in time based on increased input, but don't give something you'll
       | regret in the future.
        
         | askhn2023 wrote:
         | >> If you give 5% for example, there's no reason you can't give
         | more in time based on increased input, but don't give something
         | you'll regret in the future.
         | 
         | What would be your method to "give more in time based on
         | increased input"?
         | 
         | Say now I give them 10% equity based on 1 day per week
         | commitment. What's your suggestion if after 6-month, they
         | increased to 3 days per week commitment?
        
           | bgirard wrote:
           | You can negotiate that with them either ahead of time in an
           | agreement, or when they are able to commit more time. It
           | should be in both your interest to negotiate that in good
           | faith if the startup is doing well.
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-12 23:01 UTC)