[HN Gopher] How will ATSC 3.0 transform TV advertising?
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       How will ATSC 3.0 transform TV advertising?
        
       Author : 1970-01-01
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2023-07-12 16:18 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
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       | CamperBob2 wrote:
       | NTSC, 1950: "Hey, it looks like we can create a compatible color
       | broadcast standard by modulating the carrier phase relative to an
       | initial subcarrier burst at the beginning of each scanline.
       | Nifty!"
       | 
       | ATSC, 2023: "Hey, it looks like we can sell more crap by force-
       | feeding each viewer a targeted ad break for their specific
       | targeting profile. Kewl beanz!"
       | 
       | And people wonder why I, for one, welcome our new AI overlords...
        
       | kogus wrote:
       | Answering questions from the White Clown ala Fahrenheit 451 will
       | finally be possible...
        
       | defparam wrote:
       | These lobbyists who drive specifications for OTA TV and CableTV
       | are basically at the point of being a hammer looking for a nail.
       | Cable/OTA TV is a dying medium (especially with newer
       | generations) and with these tone-deaf advertisement solutions the
       | only nails they are hammering are the ones to their coffin.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | This just doesn't make sense. If a broadcast is telling a TV to
       | redirect to an internet stream; why not just go straight to the
       | internet stream? That OTA spectrum is valuable...
       | 
       | Also: It seems like whoever's pushing this forgot that people are
       | really, really getting sick of ads. A major part of the rise of
       | online streaming is... Lack of ads.
       | 
       | The whole article looks like one of those "pie in the sky" tech
       | utopia visions that never pans out.
        
         | tenebrisalietum wrote:
         | An idea that just popped into my head is that maybe phones will
         | start including ATSC 3.0 tuners at some point, so the Internet
         | connection is right there, ubiquitous, and everything can be
         | integrated with an app. NBC, CBS, ABC, etc. could offer an app
         | that "streams" in a local TV channel using ATSC instead of cell
         | or wifi.
         | 
         | You'll want to get a Yagi antenna case for the best results
         | though.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | When phones bring back the headphone jack, you'll know the
           | reason why. "External antenna"
        
         | sheepybloke wrote:
         | I would be excited about this if I could watch local TV without
         | an OTA antenna. One of my biggest frustrations is that I either
         | have to get a) cable or b) a flaky OTA connection to watch
         | things like local sports. If I could stream local TV and more
         | specifically sports like I would a normal broadcast, that would
         | be amazing.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | > A major part of the rise of online streaming is... Lack of
         | ads.
         | 
         | I think you might have missed the latest trend of offering
         | streaming at a discounted rate by including ads.
         | 
         | > The whole article looks like one of those "pie in the sky"
         | tech utopia visions that never pans out.
         | 
         | I can tell you this isn't something going away, and the tech to
         | do this is here. Look into FAST, AVOD, and other OTT types of
         | offerings. I know, because I work on the periphery of this
         | stuff. If you are watching any kind of streaming video with an
         | account number, your viewing habits are being consumed. It's
         | been this way ever since the switch to digital cable. Forcing
         | an account for OTA is the holy grail.
        
           | jameson71 wrote:
           | The tech to do this may be here, but the customers are not.
           | Ad free streaming early adopters where techies. Those people
           | are going to willingly eat this shit sandwich and evangelize
           | it to others.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > If you are watching any kind of streaming video with an
           | account number, your viewing habits are being consumed.
           | 
           | This is the precise reason why I don't use streaming
           | services.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | The sentence you quoted was the set up for the next
             | sentence. The implication there was meant more for the less
             | obvious cable subscribers. Most subscribers are unaware
             | that they've been tracked ever since they day they switched
             | to a digital stream. I've heard comments like yours while
             | explaining why they keep their cable. Of course streaming
             | services track your viewing habits. That's how they can do
             | "Recommended for you" sections.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Ah, I see. In my mind, cable is a form of streaming
               | service -- so I didn't differentiate between the two.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Interesting that you think of cable that way. What makes
               | it a streaming service to you? Because it's IP based?
               | Cable started as a way to deliver OTA broadcasts to
               | people that could not receive the broadcast (typically
               | due to terrain issues). That then grew into channels that
               | did not actually have an OTA broadcast. Maybe it's a
               | generational thing?
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Not sure if its a generational thing or not. I'm a
               | graybeard, if that matters, and I remember when cable TV
               | was a brand new technology.
               | 
               | I think of it as streaming just because that's what it
               | looks like. I never put any real thought into it. I
               | didn't even realize that I thought of it that way until
               | these comments.
               | 
               | My conception of this might be related to the notion of
               | "streaming" also being a pretty old one to me. I was
               | working on such software years before streaming services
               | were a thing, around 1990.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | > A major part of the rise of online streaming is... Lack of
         | ads.
         | 
         | Sorry but ads are the new normal when subscribing to most
         | streaming services.
         | 
         | Netflix CEO in 2019: "Netflix will never have ads." Three years
         | later, Netflix is "excited" to launch an ad-supported tier.
         | This came shortly after a price jump on all of its plans, of
         | course.
         | 
         | We pay for Amazon Prime ($140/yr) more for the streaming than
         | the "free" shipping or other perks. But increasingly, more and
         | more content in the Prime library can only be "rented" or
         | "bought", or watched "free with ads." The quality of the
         | content that is available to watch "with Prime" (i.e. without
         | paying even more) is going steadily downhill. The bargain DVD
         | bin at my local grocery store has a better selection.
         | 
         | We also have occasional access to Hulu, Disney, Peacock and
         | whatever else through friends and family and it seems like the
         | shows on all of these have ads on them. (Or at least most of
         | them do?)
         | 
         | I was quite happy to pay a monthly fee to watch stuff ad-free.
         | Now since that is quickly not becoming an option, I may have to
         | pull my wooden leg and eye patch out of storage.
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | I agree. Broadcast TV that depends on broadband is an awkward
         | hybrid. The surveillance capitalism and interactive features
         | just sound like a worse version of the Internet (WebTV). That's
         | combining the flexibility of broadcast TV with the increased
         | system requirements of having a broadband connection and
         | training the masses how to type their Wi-Fi password into their
         | TV. A lot of TV viewers can barely program their VCR or change
         | inputs.
         | 
         | It would be more technically efficient to have 500-600 MHz 5G
         | as YouTube and similar service are already a la carte and on
         | demand. However the type of crowd that uses an antenna doesn't
         | overlap a lot with the crowd that pays for 5G service.
        
       | ralph84 wrote:
       | OTA would die overnight if it had to pay market rate for the
       | spectrum it occupies. I'm sure their lobbyists paint the sad
       | picture of a blaring TV being the only connection to society for
       | lonely seniors, but maybe there are better ways to solve the
       | lonely seniors problem?
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | ... sports betting during games will be the killer app.
        
         | syedkarim wrote:
         | That requires a return-channel; this is purely broadcast.
        
           | parl_match wrote:
           | ATSC 3.0 is not purely broadcast, it supports apps being
           | delivered over broadcast, internet connectivity, and return
           | channel. Did you read the article?
        
       | xur17 wrote:
       | > "When TV stations broadcast in ATSC 3.0 to ATSC 3.0-enabled TV
       | sets connected to the web, all of this interactivity becomes
       | available over the air for live linear broadcasts."
       | 
       | So we're going to straddle both OTA and internet streaming.. At
       | what point will OTA content providers give up and just allow
       | users to stream the content over the internet for free? I imagine
       | the vast majority of people have internet at this point, it would
       | likely get your more people watching your ads, it frees up
       | spectrum for other uses, and arguably would be cheaper (since
       | bandwidth is cheap and antennas are expensive).
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | While visiting your local TV station's website and clicking
         | play would be convenient, it would cannibalize their
         | retransmission revenue from cable TV.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | > it frees up spectrum for other uses
         | 
         | Right now, even though this spectrum is commercial, it still
         | serves as more-or-less a public service that can be consumed
         | for only the cost of a tuner and a TV. Streaming that same
         | content over the Internet then incurs monthly costs for the
         | connection that previously weren't present.
         | 
         | Beyond the added monthly OPEX to consume that content, chances
         | are good that spectrum would be snatched up by telcos for 8G to
         | resell to you rather than for a similar semi-public benefit.
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | > Right now, even though this spectrum is commercial, it
           | still serves as more-or-less a public service that can be
           | consumed for only the cost of a tuner and a TV. Streaming
           | that same content over the Internet then incurs monthly costs
           | for the connection that previously weren't present.
           | 
           | Most people already have an internet connection, so the
           | marginal cost is $0 (arguably it might be a negative cost for
           | these customers since they don't need to buy and setup an
           | antenna). And the service is better because the content
           | providers are no longer limited by the amount of spectrum
           | they own.
           | 
           | > Beyond the added monthly OPEX to consume that content,
           | chances are good that spectrum would be snatched up by telcos
           | for 8G to resell to you rather than for a similar semi-public
           | benefit.
           | 
           | Auction it off to the telcos and use this money to reduce
           | taxes. Potentially use part of it to help people upgrade
           | their tvs, much like we did with converter boxes when moving
           | to atsc.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > Most people already have an internet connection,
             | 
             | This needs qualification. Having a smart phone means you
             | have an "internet connection." Are these people truly going
             | to get "better" service than with broadcast?
             | 
             | > And the service is better because the content providers
             | are no longer limited by the amount of spectrum they own.
             | 
             | Sure.. now they're just limited by the amount of bandwidth
             | they need to purchase, in the trade they no longer have any
             | obligation to serve you, your community or to provide
             | relevant news and public access.
             | 
             | > Auction it off to the telcos and use this money to reduce
             | taxes.
             | 
             | This is not how spectrum auctions work. The auction money
             | is used to fund the FCC itself. It's not a type of revenue
             | that can "reduce taxes."
             | 
             | > Potentially use part of it to help people upgrade their
             | tvs
             | 
             | Perhaps we should just let the free market decide what it
             | wants for itself?
        
         | water9 wrote:
         | Its unique design allows broadcasters to send data to several
         | users concurrently through a single signal. To transmit 1 GB of
         | data to 1 million consumers with ATSC 3.0, broadcasters only
         | need one-millionth of the capacity required by broadband.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | bob-09 wrote:
         | In my market, most local TV stations stream through their own
         | app. OTA serves the users that struggle to understand how to
         | get a TV antenna working properly, let alone an app or IPTV
         | device.
         | 
         | Local advertisers also like the assurance that their ad dollars
         | aren't being wasted on out-of-market viewers. OTA provides that
         | naturally.
        
       | JoshTriplett wrote:
       | What are the current statistics for how many people still 1) have
       | broadcast/cable live TV, and 2) actually watch live TV? Hopefully
       | those numbers will continue to go down over time.
        
         | KingLancelot wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | This isn't cable TV. This is the free Over-The-Air (OTA) TV.
         | You know, tune to ABC, channel 3 on the dial. The stuff
         | floating around your head right now on VHF/UHF radio waves.
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | I'm aware, but was using "cable" somewhat
           | informal/colloquially. I've edited my comment for clarity;
           | the point was really "how many people are still watching live
           | TV".
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Cable mostly uses QAM, not ATSC. ATSC is for terrestrial
         | broadcasts in the US.
        
       | TheRealPomax wrote:
       | Whats "TV"? What does it need advertising for?
        
       | charonn0 wrote:
       | > The arrival of ATSC 3.0/NextGen TV--and its ability to combine
       | broadcast with IP--has the potential to transform TV commercials
       | from one-way mass-market blasts to two-way personalized
       | interactive experiences.
       | 
       | Why would anyone want this? Why would anyone purchase a
       | television with this ability?
        
       | joewrong wrote:
       | I'd like to see open source solutions for blocking OTA TV ads
        
       | conradfr wrote:
       | > dynamic ad insertion plus things like overlays and interactive
       | application ads
       | 
       | > "a viewer who gets home at 6:10 pm and wants to watch the
       | entire 6 p.m. local news will be able to 'start over' after
       | watching a very short sponsorship message,"
       | 
       | > Display ads will also occur whenever a viewer pauses their
       | video feed under Scripps' 'Pause Ads' feature
       | 
       | Obviously who doesn't want that when watching a dying media?
        
       | toast0 wrote:
       | I imagine ATSC 3.0 tuners will eventually proliferate, but as of
       | now, the situation seems to be most TVs for sale don't have ATSC
       | 3.0 tuners, Best Buy doesn't even include it as a filter. Of
       | course, the installed base doesn't have them either. I haven't
       | seen any external ATSC 3.0 tuner boxes for sale either.
       | 
       | On the enthusiast front, ATSC 3.0 is hard to use, because it
       | includes a new audio codec (AC-4) which is patent encumbered and
       | difficult to use, so while I've got a tuner, I can't use it
       | unless I don't want to hear the programs or I change to a
       | proprietary software stack.
       | 
       | Honestly and unfortunately, I think the end of OTA may happen
       | before ATSC 3.0 has enough adoption to transform anything.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > I imagine ATSC 3.0 tuners will eventually proliferate
         | 
         | Unlikely. There's not enough bandwidth[1] in traditional TV
         | spectrum to be worth the hassle[2].
         | 
         | At its absolute peak of value, broadcast TV is basically a
         | bandwidth optimization on top of the already-very-acceptable
         | streaming video delivery available to everyone at reasonable
         | prices.
         | 
         | Would you install a roof antenna for a few bucks a month off
         | your Netflix or Disney bill? Me neither.
         | 
         | [1] A quick google says 57Mbps is the maximum per-channel
         | bandwidth in ATSC3, and you only get a dozen or so channels in
         | a metro area without building more giant towers.
         | 
         | [2] Because if there was, mobile telephone operators would have
         | grabbed that spectrum already for their _vastly_ more lucrative
         | industry.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > [2] Because if there was, mobile telephone operators would
           | have grabbed that spectrum already for their vastly more
           | lucrative industry.
           | 
           | Mobile operators can't take it all at once, in part because
           | the TV lobby still exists, in part because it takes years to
           | build out the network to use the spectrum they've already
           | taken. But, at least in the US, this has happened three
           | already: in the 80s, channels 70-83 were reallocated to cell
           | phones; in 2008, channels 52-69 were reallocated to cell
           | phones; in 2016, channels 38-51 were reallocated to cell
           | phones. I'm guessing sometime in the next ten years, 19-36
           | will be reallocated to cell phones (37 is reserved for radio
           | astronomy). But 2-18 will probably still be used for ATSC 3.0
           | at that point.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | Low VHF isn't viable long term and they have to leave gaps
             | in allocations so neighboring markets don't conflict. I
             | doubt they'll shrink it any more. There's already going to
             | be a crunch when the deadline to cutoff ATSC 1 approaches
             | and everyone is going to have to simulcast both 1 & 3 with
             | some likely delays extending the overlap phase.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | What exactly makes Low VHF non viable in the long term?
               | Is the atmosphere going to start attenuating certain
               | frequencies more in coming years?
        
               | jkingsman wrote:
               | I think physics is actually moving to a fee-based
               | structure
               | 
               | /s
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | I thought ATSC 3 was supposed to make VHF viable again. I
               | guess it depends on how many people got "HD" antennas
               | geared for UHF with maybe marginal coverage for high VHF.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | The antenna situation is the problem. I have a pre-HD
               | 4-bay bowtie UHF antenna that works great on high-VHF for
               | my location. I'm not going to bother with the hassle of
               | adding a second antenna for the low end because of
               | unnecessary bureaucratic shuffling. Normies aren't going
               | to bother sorting that out with all the marginal UHF-only
               | antennas that have been dumped onto the market.
        
           | water9 wrote:
           | Although it leverages existing architecture, many of the ATSC
           | 3.0 standard's capabilities are new. Unlike past broadcasting
           | technology, the standard not only provides content on-demand
           | but ensures the content is delivered rapidly. Its unique
           | design allows broadcasters to send data to several users
           | concurrently through a single signal. To transmit 1 GB of
           | data to 1 million consumers with ATSC 3.0, broadcasters only
           | need one-millionth of the capacity required by broadband.
           | 
           | https://www.harmonicinc.com/insights/blog/understanding-
           | atsc...
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | Sure, but "content on-demand delivered rapidly" isn't
             | compatible with "transmitting to 1 million consumers", is
             | it? Either you broadcast one show at a time (something you
             | can do right now and no one wants) or you split bandwidth
             | to a bunch of streamers (and compete badly with cable).
             | 
             | And in any case the latter is already in the market! HBO
             | and Comcast, working together, will happily send you the
             | just-released Westeros episode to watch simultaneously with
             | 10M other users for like $15 a month. And it works. ATSC
             | needs to be significantly cheaper than _fifteen dollars_ to
             | even be worth talking about. And let 's be honest: it isn't
             | and won't be.
        
               | water9 wrote:
               | I think it's better to think of satellite (dish/DIRECTV)
               | more than Comcast. You can imagine you have one satellite
               | broadcasting an encrypted signal to an entire nation but
               | only those who have a subscription are given the keys to
               | decrypt streams of the channels they subscribe to.
               | 
               | So then, by just changing a few parameters with a low
               | speed connection between the box, they can enable
               | different transmissions to come through or more precisely
               | tune to different channels or sub channels, containing
               | different content, like different ads in the same
               | airwaves spectrum
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | "I imagine ATSC 3.0 tuners will eventually proliferate"
         | 
         | Honest question looking for honest answers: What's the value
         | proposition for a consumer to go get one of these things?
         | Obviously it won't be because of the new and exciting frontier
         | of advertising it enables, what's the actual headline feature?
         | 
         | I ask that for the purpose of evaluating the interesting idea
         | that
         | 
         | "the end of OTA may happen before ATSC 3.0 has enough adoption
         | to transform anything."
         | 
         | Because I think that question comes down to the matter of
         | consumer pull. They can push as hard as they want but without a
         | consumer pull it's a hugely uphill battle. I struggle to think
         | of what useful feature can be added to TV streams that isn't
         | already present. I am reminded of the ever-present "oh we can
         | present alternate angles" argument that has been banging around
         | since the DVD era and which I have seen used precisely zero
         | times, for instance; just because some marketer somewhere tries
         | to come up with some bullet point feature to name it as the
         | reason consumers will be pounding down the doors to buy
         | something doesn't mean it's something anyone will actually care
         | about.
        
           | Spoom wrote:
           | > What's the value proposition for a consumer to go get one
           | of these things?
           | 
           | ATSC 2.0 will be useless, because all OTA signals will be
           | encrypted, so if they want OTA TV _at all_ , they'll need the
           | new device.
           | 
           | I know you're looking for value for the viewer but that's not
           | who this is for.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | > What's the value proposition for a consumer to go get one
           | of these things? Obviously it won't be because of the new and
           | exciting frontier of advertising it enables, what's the
           | actual headline feature?
           | 
           | Higher video quality. Denser channel encoding gets you more
           | bits, h.265 instead of mpeg-2 gets you better quality per
           | bit, and new standards allow broadcasting 1080p and 2160p.
           | More capable audio codec and more bandwidth for audio too.
           | 
           | I don't think direct consumer demand is going to be that high
           | though. But, eventually manufacturers will put them in some
           | tvs, and then it becomes a checkbox item and everybody needs
           | them. Also, broadcasters don't want to do ATSC 1 and 3
           | forever (and don't have spectrum for that anyway, cell phones
           | keep taking channels), so if there's adoption, ATSC 1
           | programming is going to get squeezed into fewer physical
           | channels and quality will get worse.
        
             | keithwinstein wrote:
             | Just to be pedantic, 1080p24 (and 1080p30, and the
             | 1000/1001-rate versions) are already allowed by the
             | existing A/53 spec and have been since 1995. The big
             | (1080-line) broadcasters usually transmit their film-style
             | programming as "effectively" 1080p24, in the sense that
             | they're sending 24 or 24000/1001 progressive-scan coded
             | pictures per second, but with flags that ask the decoder to
             | perform a 3:2 pulldown to output 60 fields per second so it
             | fits seamlessly within a 1080i30 sequence. (They could be
             | sending "true" 1080p24, but then it would probably create a
             | glitch when they transition to 60 fps content and back.)
             | 
             | But anyway: 1080p itself is not a new feature of ATSC 3.0.
             | 1080p60 or 1080p120, sure.
        
               | cjensen wrote:
               | A bit of a nitpick: 1080p24 was added in 2008 along with
               | h.264. It was not part of the original spec, so the
               | original HDTV sets could not decode it. Broadcasters
               | sensibly don't send 1080p24 since 1080p60 is "good
               | enough" and works on all TVs.
        
             | KerrAvon wrote:
             | Higher video quality is and may remain hypothetical: they
             | seem to currently be using the bandwidth for extra
             | channels. I think you can count the number of ATSC 3 UHD
             | broadcasters on zero fingers. You'd think the demand would
             | be there for UHD sports, but sports is a monopoly, so
             | :shrug:.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Like I said upthread, it's not practical form to use the
               | ATSC 3.0 broadcasts, so I don't have a real opinion on
               | video quality; but hypothetical quality is a selling
               | point. I don't recall the quality being significantly
               | better or worse than ATSC 1, but I was more focused on if
               | audio worked at all, and unfortunately it generally
               | didn't because of codec problems.
               | 
               | From RabbitEars listings [1], it looks like markets
               | currently have 0-2 ATSC 3 broadcasts, and in many market,
               | those broadcasts are the basically .1 subchannels from
               | the major ATSC broadcasts. But I do see a lot of 1080p
               | instead of 1080i, so maybe (but if the source is 1080i
               | and just deinterlaced at the studio instead of the
               | receiver, meh). If they can fit 4-5 subchannels at
               | acceptable quality in one physical channel, that is a
               | significant increase in quality, which is consistent with
               | roughly 2x the bandwidth and the codec upgrade.
               | 
               | There's a lot of chicken and egg here. Can't use more
               | bandwidth for better quality if you only have spectrum to
               | do a demo with all the local broadcasters. Don't want to
               | bother with getting 4k content piped through the
               | broadcast chain if nobody actually receives it, and you
               | have to downconvert it to send over ATSC 1 anyway. Etc.
               | 
               | With ATSC 1, there was a bunch of extra spectrum
               | available for transition, and federal mandates, and
               | subsidized converters. There's none of that for ATSC 3,
               | so it's going to be slow.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=atsc3
        
       | brian_herman wrote:
       | Too little too late.
        
         | parl_match wrote:
         | >20% of American TV watchers still use broadcast TV.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | I wonder which part of that statistic I'm in?
           | 
           | I watch broadcast TV a few times a year. (But, if I didn't
           | work, I wouldn't miss it.)
           | 
           | I put an antenna (and HDHomerun) in my house so I wouldn't
           | have to pay for cable; but one major motivating factor was
           | for emergency broadcasts. In the five years I've been in my
           | house, I used live TV to know how long to hide in my basement
           | during a tornado warning.
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | That number just seems high. My (obviously very anecdotal)
           | evidence from everyone I know sits at 0%. Even the ones who
           | don't have cable aren't using OTA.
        
             | dsab wrote:
             | Same story. Even my mother, 50 is watching turkish soap
             | opera online and learning turkish language, because she
             | dont want to wait for official releases or subtitles. This
             | ATSC standard arrived 20 years too late.
        
             | PhazonJim wrote:
             | IIRC OTA use is climbing. I believe a lot of the market is
             | lower income and/or rural. New user so not sure if I can
             | post a link but a 2022 Nielsen report:
             | 
             | > Nielsen divides OTA home into three segments, those with
             | no streaming subscription VOD services (and maybe no
             | broadband); those with SVOD, but without a virtual
             | multichannel video programming distributor, such as Hulu
             | Plus Live TV, YouTube TV or Sling TV; and those with SVOD
             | and vMVPDs.
             | 
             | > The largest group uses OTA and SVOD at 9.3% of the
             | country, up from 7.2% in 2018. The OTA homes with vMVPDs
             | rose to 1.9% from 1.2%, while the OTA only home fell to
             | 4.1% from 5.9%.
             | 
             | > People in homes that go over-the-air but don't stream
             | have an average age of 61, only 13% of them have children
             | and their median income is $22,800.
             | 
             | > People in homes that combine over-the-air viewing with at
             | least one streaming service have an average age of 45, 40%
             | of them have kids and the median income is $49,000. In the
             | homes that have OTA and a vMVPD, the average age is 49, 35%
             | have children and the median household income is $77,000.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | The set of people you know is not a random sample of US
             | demographics...
        
       | Dwedit wrote:
       | Over the Air broadcasts are not worth watching, unless your goal
       | is to watch a bunch of commercials with the occasional program.
        
       | matthewmcg wrote:
       | Gross. Unencrypted OTA TV is one of the last areas you can enjoy
       | a modicum of fair use with respect to personal recordings. DVRs,
       | skipping commercials, transcoding to watch on a different device
       | or in a different place. Too bad this is being closed down.
        
       | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
       | Sometimes I read an article and think the Amish might be the last
       | hope for humanity.
        
         | E39M5S62 wrote:
         | If you ignore the physical and emotional abuse directed at
         | women and children, sure.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | kmbfjr wrote:
       | I worked on the original NTSC to ATSC conversion at three
       | stations.
       | 
       | ATSC 3.0 is dead. There are no market incentives for uptake like
       | the original conversion, no deadlines and zero incentive for
       | broadcasters to produce or pay for compelling content.
       | 
       | The standard is written so broadcasters can compete with big
       | tech, but what are they going to show, local news and M*A*S*H?
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | OTA TV is for old people, so they're going to show what old
         | people want to watch: Fox Newsian "democrats bad, kids lazy,
         | black people criminals" drivel 24/7
        
           | rootbear wrote:
           | I am an old person and your notions of what we watch are
           | insultingly uninformed. I have played around with OTA on my
           | upstairs TV, where the signal is better, and it's fine for
           | local news, PBS, etc., but I rarely watch much else on it.
           | And I never, ever, watch Fox "News".
        
             | tasty_freeze wrote:
             | I'm at the very tail end of the "boomer" generation, 1964.
             | I laugh at the people who blame everything on boomers and
             | things will be a lot better when they all die off. What
             | that fail to recognize is that in time, their generation
             | will have power and the types of people attracted to power
             | will be the same as with the boomers.
             | 
             | There will still be racists (Nick Fuentes); there will
             | still be greedy corporate overlords who profit off of sick
             | people (Martin Shkreli); there will still be scam peddlers
             | dressed up in sheep's clothing (Sam Bankman-Fried); there
             | will still be political grifters making life worse for
             | everyone (have your pick).
        
       | pizzalife wrote:
       | This sounds like a security nightmare.
        
       | graton wrote:
       | Related is the fact that encryption is being turned on for ATSC
       | 3.0 broadcasts.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36661524
        
         | pierat wrote:
         | Yes, because shitty-encryption-where-we-give-you-the-keys-but-
         | dont-at-the-same-time has worked so well for....
         | DVDs, Blu-ray, HD-DVDs          Playstation 1,2,3,4,5 games
         | Nintendo SNES,N64,Wii,GameCube, Switch
         | 
         | And plenty others.
         | 
         | Oh wait, Switch is so bad, that an emulator is already superb,
         | and had a 7 day early leak/release of Zelda, with patches that
         | make it better on computer than Switch.
         | 
         | So, I'm not super worried about "shitty encryption".
        
           | mh- wrote:
           | Encryption can simply be a strategic choice, because it will
           | prevent devices being commercialized that rely on using
           | "stolen" keys to function.
        
             | phone8675309 wrote:
             | > because it will prevent devices being commercialized that
             | rely on using "stolen" keys to function
             | 
             | Only if all humanity collectively forgets that China
             | exists.
        
       | jdofaz wrote:
       | I've had an HD Homerun with ATSC3 for a couple years now, but I
       | haven't yet seen an ATSC3 TV in person.
       | 
       | This sounds complicated to implement compared to "ordinary"
       | digital broadcasts, what is the incentive for TV manufacturers to
       | implement it? It seems like every tv maker has their own plans
       | for streaming and ad tracking, I would think they would view
       | implementing ATSC3 as helping the competition.
        
       | vvpan wrote:
       | I am blown away that we, as human species, drive our world with
       | advertising. It feels like cromagnon stuff.
        
         | usrnm wrote:
         | But we are the same species as cromagnons, not sure what you
         | mean
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | I think it just means that cromagnons were real tech-bros.
        
       | zac23or wrote:
       | I tried watching some American talk shows. On some talk shows,
       | every minute is an advertisement. In addition to the normal
       | commercials, the interviewee is usually selling something. And
       | the host (Jimmy Fallon is the worst) is always trying to be
       | funny, sympathetic to the excruciating point, being kind of a AD
       | himself. It's unwatchable.
       | 
       | I can't imagine talk shows with ATSC 3.0...
        
       | RF_Enthusiast wrote:
       | Historically, I've been a huge fan of OTA TV, but I just can't
       | watch it anymore, because it's primarily an ad delivery platform.
       | Even newscasts have home shopping segments now. The only
       | exception is Public TV, as they are prohibited from interrupting
       | a program for sponsor underwriting acknowledgement [1].
       | 
       | The major broadcasters (meaning full power commercial licensees
       | with network affiliations only) have the legal ability to charge
       | cable and satellite retransmission fees [2]. That means that they
       | can monetize (1) cable, (2) satellite, and (3) their own OTT
       | services beyond advertising. However, 20 percent still watch free
       | OTA TV, which is a wrench in the spokes of their funding model.
       | 
       | The major broadcasters lose their statutory right to
       | retransmission fees if they drop OTA broadcasts. So they next
       | best thing they can do is switch to ATSC 3.0, and enable
       | encryption, which would effectively kill off that 20%, who they
       | would hope go to cable, satellite, or their own OTT service that
       | they can charge for at their discretion.
       | 
       | It's my opinion that, in cases involving the major broadcasters,
       | ATSC 3.0 has the upside of killing off OTA viewing and that is
       | the reason why the major broadcasters like it.
       | 
       | [1] 47 CFR 73.621(e):
       | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/part-73/section-73.621...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.fcc.gov/media/policy/retransmission-consent
        
       | nu11ptr wrote:
       | Am I the only one who thought: Who still watches over-the-air TV?
       | (yes, I know there are some, but it can't be all that many
       | relative to the streaming market)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | midwestemo wrote:
         | For local live events, you can't really beat OTA.
         | ABC/FOX/NBC/CBS is all I really need for TV.
        
           | jimktrains2 wrote:
           | Unless you can't because they aren't broadcast for
           | contractual reasons. E.g. hockey, blacked out football games,
           | &c
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | > Who still watches over-the-air TV?
         | 
         | Some previous owner of our house put a large TV antenna in the
         | attic and had it wired to all of the coax ports. The signal is
         | outstanding and we get a wide variety of channels.
         | 
         | One of the no-name stations has a Spanish subchannel that
         | broadcasts a bunch of pretty interesting soccer matches from
         | central and South America. I only understand about 30% of what
         | they're saying, but it's a soccer match, I know what's
         | happening on the field, and there is a worldwide standard for
         | referee hand signals. On a different channel, there have been a
         | few US National team matches broadcast OTA in Spanish that
         | aren't available for free in English - weird, isn't it?
         | 
         | If something I am interested in is on ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX, PBS,
         | etc and I find out about it, I'll watch that too. But I'm not
         | going to spend money or go out of my way to do this ATSC 3.0
         | DRM crap. If they switch, I'm done with it.
        
           | Tommah wrote:
           | I watch soccer games on the OTA Spanish stations too. I'm
           | nowhere close to fluent in Spanish, but my high-school
           | Spanish has served me well. The announcers tend to say the
           | same types of things over and over again, so over the years,
           | I've kinda built up a phrase book in my head of all the usual
           | stuff they say.
           | 
           | In addition, I find the announcers in Spanish much more
           | exciting than the ones in English.
        
         | btgeekboy wrote:
         | I just watched the MLB All-Star game OTA yesterday. We also
         | watched the Jeopardy Masters Tournament a few weeks ago. And we
         | do tend to pick up the local news in small doses just to see
         | what's up around town.
         | 
         | We do stream more than we watch OTA, but when I'm using an
         | antenna I bought almost a decade ago and a HDHomeRun that
         | doesn't have a recurring cost, it still has its uses.
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | I do. And the last thing I want is this.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | OTA is not as compressed as typical services from what I
         | remember. Might be the only way to really use your hi end tv.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | 4k blu rays have an extremely high bit rate; and a much much
           | better picture than OTA.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | I think it was meant as "compared to streaming". My parents
             | still have cable tv and the image quality is still
             | noticeable better than even 4K streaming of the same
             | channels.
        
           | mastercheif wrote:
           | > OTA is not as compressed
           | 
           | Sadly this is no longer always the case with the advent of
           | ATSC 1.0 and sub-channels.
           | 
           | An OTA TV license grants you 20Mbits of bandwidth in your
           | market. The license holder is free to divide this bandwidth
           | amongst however many sub-channels they desire.
           | 
           | In the last 7-8 years, the license holders (including
           | CBS/NBC/et al) have continuously reduced their bitrates on
           | their primary feeds in order to stuff as many sub-channels in
           | their slice as possible.
           | 
           | Some of the majors in NYC (I'm looking at you ABC) resemble a
           | RealVideo stream from 2002 more than a high-definition video
           | from this decade.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > Some of the majors in NYC (I'm looking at you ABC)
             | resemble a RealVideo stream from 2002
             | 
             | I honestly didn't realize that this wasn't true
             | _everywhere_. Every time I 've seen a digital TV broadcast,
             | it's looked like this. Very nearly unwatchable,
             | particularly on a large screen.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | > I honestly didn't realize that this wasn't true
               | everywhere. Every time I've seen a digital TV broadcast,
               | it's looked like this. Very nearly unwatchable,
               | particularly on a large screen.
               | 
               | Canadian broadcast networks does dedicate all of that
               | stream into one (or more rarely two) streams per physical
               | channel and it shows up (especially compared to some
               | cable providers which squeeze up bandwidth).
        
             | rootbear wrote:
             | There are some channels on my cable service that seem to be
             | rebroadcasts of these sub-channels. They are unwatchable.
             | Sadly, PBS likes to make use of the sub-channels to offer
             | various educational program streams, but their main channel
             | suffers for it. Fast motion degenerates into blocky
             | artifacts quite often.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | I haven't watched over-the-air OR live TV for more than a
         | decade, except I sometimes watch NBA games live (rarely,
         | though, I like to skip commercials and 1/2 time) on YTTV.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | I _wish_ I could watch OTA TV. Still the cheapest way to watch
         | local market sports.
        
       | kmeisthax wrote:
       | Wait, how? I assume this is all enabled by having the tuner also
       | connect to the Internet and then switch the viewer off of the
       | actual video stream in favor of specific inserts. Why not just...
       | have an Internet stream?
        
       | pierat wrote:
       | Cool. Add this to "Yet another reason why I pirate".
       | 
       | Nobody EXCEPT the parasitic data miners/advertisement class want
       | this. I'm certainly never going to entertain hooking up a
       | internet connection for continual adverts and data mining to a TV
       | tuner. Fuck that, no way.
       | 
       | Torrents, Usenet, and DVDs have everything I could ever want. And
       | that list is also decreasing.
        
         | jchw wrote:
         | People have become so obsessed with movies and TV franchises,
         | but I wonder if by adding enough sadism and masochism to the
         | process of trying to watch TV and movies, media companies will
         | eventually succeed in changing the tides and pushing people to
         | find other hobbies. The enshittening hasn't spared a single
         | thing. When will the self-deprecation of having to deal with it
         | overcome the FOMO of not watching the latest thing they shit
         | out?
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | The 1996 Telecommunications Act was intended to increase
           | intramodal competition between incumbent phone companies and
           | newer competitors on local and long distance phone calls.
           | What actually happened is the landline phone companies moved
           | on to cellphones and broadband. You can get TV service from
           | your phone company, and phone service from your cable TV
           | company.
           | 
           | Kids physical toys sales declined in the face of computerized
           | entertainment. Satellite radio merged saying the market niche
           | wasn't big enough for two companies to survive. Netflix said
           | its biggest competitor is a video game Fortnite not other
           | Internet TV subscriptions, and it even competes with people's
           | sleep hours.
        
           | callalex wrote:
           | This transition is already happening. The younger generation
           | seems to be spending a lot more time watching "streamers" and
           | "vtubers" when they are in the mood for passive
           | entertainment.
        
             | jonhohle wrote:
             | As a gen-x, I have too, but probably for a different
             | reason. YT channels have basically replaced local and
             | network TV for me. The "shows" are interesting, free, and
             | have the feeling of live or current content that streaming
             | services don't have. I know the schedule of my favorite YT
             | channels like I used to know network TV line ups. On the
             | other hand, there's something so dead, for lack of a better
             | word, with streaming services and, imho, streaming audio.
        
         | robertoandred wrote:
         | Can we stop appending "class" to everything? It's neither
         | clever or accurate.
        
           | pinkcan wrote:
           | can we agree to abolish the pedantic class, they produce
           | boring commentary
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Usenet?
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | >Nobody EXCEPT the parasitic data miners/advertisement class
         | want this
         | 
         | they might not want this specifically, but there's a whole lot
         | of people out there who want free TV, whatever the easiest way
         | to get it is.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | > they might not want this specifically, but there's a whole
           | lot of people out there who want free TV, whatever the
           | easiest way to get it is.
           | 
           | Meanwhile they spend $10 on a frappuccino with hazelnut
           | syrup.
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | Except the current standard of ATSC 2 provides free OTA TV
           | without the datamining and personalized ads.
           | 
           | It's not like the choices are ATSC 3 or we cannot figure
           | anything out.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _It 's not like the choices are ATSC 3 or we cannot
             | figure anything out._
             | 
             | Theoretically there are other options, but in practice, the
             | choice is exactly that - ATSC 3 or GTFO - because the
             | people with money and power to push standards through
             | _want_ to subject consumers to datamining and personalized
             | ads, and they know perfectly well there 's nothing
             | consumers can realistically do about it. Like increasingly
             | many markets, it's a supplier-driven "take it or leave it"
             | situation.
             | 
             | And don't anchor your hope to current/legacy protocols - if
             | people keep sticking to them to avoid the data mining and
             | personalized ads, those protocols will get deprecated
             | because they "don't support newest industry standard
             | encryption models", or some other plausibly-deniabe
             | bullshit.
        
             | LocalH wrote:
             | I mean, those are _effectively_ the choices, since the
             | major impetus for ATSC 3 is the encryption. I 'd honestly
             | be fine with it if it were things like major sports events
             | and other _network_ programming that were going to be
             | encrypted, but individual broadcasters (whether station
             | group owned or not) are probably not likely to set things
             | up where they can selectively encrypt, I expect most
             | channels that broadcast _any_ encrypted content will have
             | the switch flipped to encryption 100% of the time.
             | 
             | It should be _illegal_ to encrypt OTA news and local
             | interest programming.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | > I'd honestly be fine with it if it were things like
               | major sports events
               | 
               | Why? These are heavily subsidized by taxpayer money and
               | the broadcasters are already making money off advertising
               | on these events.
               | 
               | > It should be illegal to encrypt OTA news and local
               | interest programming.
               | 
               | It was on hybrid cable systems, (analog and digital
               | channels). Since they went all-digital they lobbied and
               | got the FCC to make it legal to encrypt broadcast
               | stations: https://www.fcc.gov/document/commission-
               | relaxes-cable-encryp...
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | My hunch is that over-the-air broadcasts are much less
           | popular in the US than they were 30 years ago. A lot of
           | Americans probably don't even know they can get digital
           | broadcasts with a coax antenna. One group is probably paying
           | for cable or satellite, and another, probably the one with
           | more growth, is mostly watching stuff on phones and tablets.
        
             | babypuncher wrote:
             | That second group still uses TVs, but they don't watch OTA
             | TV. They use streaming services.
        
               | hn8305823 wrote:
               | Or, when they do watch live OTA programming they do it
               | via a streaming service like Hulu+/YoutubeTV
        
               | m_myers wrote:
               | Or they use a device like a Tablo to get free OTA TV with
               | all the advantages of streaming to devices, no
               | subscription needed. I've done this for several years. I
               | can be out working in the yard and pull out my phone to
               | watch couple minutes of a football game on ABC or
               | whatever, as long as I'm in WiFi range.
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | That's true, I do a lot of that myself but somehow I
               | overlooked it in my description.
               | 
               | For me the larger screen provides a social aspect, it's
               | something to do with family or with guests, vs. consuming
               | alone on a phone.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | A whole lot of people (including myself) became incapable
             | of getting OTA television after the digital switchover.
             | 
             | Personally, I don't actually mind. OTA TV had already
             | become a shitshow of advertisements anyway. Once they
             | started overlaying them on top of shows and even embedding
             | them within shows, it all became too much to put up with.
             | 
             | But I also don't use streaming services. If I want to see a
             | TV show or movie, I get it on physical disc. But I mostly
             | don't want to see them -- because I've filled my time with
             | stuff that is much more useful and fulfilling.
        
               | scintill76 wrote:
               | I'm curious, why can't you get digital OTA TV? I haven't
               | tried to use it myself.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | This is speculation, but I think that it has to do with
               | the geography of the area. Digital TV is much pickier
               | about line-of-sight, and there are large parts of my city
               | where that doesn't exist to the broadcasting antenna.
        
               | flyinghamster wrote:
               | Also, I wouldn't be surprised if it's more susceptible to
               | multipath interference. Analog multipath leads to
               | ghosting, but in the digital realm it might be too much
               | for the ECC to handle.
               | 
               | Analog degraded gracefully with distance, but digital
               | works until it doesn't.
        
               | gabesk wrote:
               | As I understand it (and I'm not an expert just curious
               | reader), it's part of what ATSC 3 is fixing by moving to
               | OFDM instead of 8-VSB. Multipath in OFDM leads to some
               | (hopefully few) number of subcarriers fading out, which
               | error correction can manage. Conversely, 8-VSB is a
               | regular single carrier (ish) (with 8 different analog
               | signal levels, hence the name), so in order to decide the
               | value of any bits at all the TV needs to identify and
               | delay (line up) many of the ghosts up with the main
               | signal. That's a more challenging signal processing task,
               | especially given the diversity in age of the TV tuners
               | (the ones from the late 2000's didn't have as advanced
               | DSPs).
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | In addition to what others say in the thread, I think the
               | range is worse than analog was.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | > My hunch is that over-the-air broadcasts are much less
             | popular in the US than they were 30 years ago.
             | 
             | Well, obviously.. there's a lot more than 3 choices for
             | most people now.
             | 
             | > A lot of Americans probably don't even know they can get
             | digital broadcasts with a coax antenna.
             | 
             | The people who watch sports know this, and it is reflected
             | in the Nielsen ratings... this is still a huge market.
        
       | tgorgolione wrote:
       | I see a lot of impressions on this post that antenna tv is a
       | dying, but I think there's potential for antenna tv usage to go
       | up.
       | 
       | As a value proposition, you have an initial cost of $50-$300
       | (depending on what kind of reception you get and what features
       | you want, like DVR), but if you consider basic cable these days
       | being $20/mo it's a nice way to save money on the one thing you
       | can't get fully yet - live news and sports. Also, if we are
       | allowed by the broadcast overlords, you can DVR movies and tv
       | shows and keep a library for yourself without another
       | subscription.
       | 
       | I have an antenna at home but I don't use it primarily because I
       | get poor reception. ATSC 3.0 has been proven to fix this in many
       | cases, so I'm hopeful this could be a great way for many people
       | to save money.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | >the one thing you can't get fully yet - live news and sports.
         | 
         | i'm not sure how many people really care much about the live
         | news side of it. sports are definitely a big one right now, but
         | that's only a licencing and rights problem, not a technology
         | problem. as TV dies, those rights will get bought up by people
         | who want to put sports online. Your $300 investment is only
         | saving you money for as long as those sports are actually
         | available on broadcast TV
        
           | tgorgolione wrote:
           | > but that's only a licencing and rights problem, not a
           | technology problem
           | 
           | A lot of good points here, but I would still prefer antenna
           | TV to internet live sports because of the buffering. I feel
           | like when I have to resort to using an internet live stream
           | I'm not getting it truly live.
        
         | noahtallen wrote:
         | > As a value proposition, you have an initial cost of $50-$300
         | 
         | You can get a cheap antenna off Amazon for $10-$20, and even my
         | budget-oriented TCL Roku TV has a built-in tuner. In cities,
         | this works pretty well! I don't think many young people realize
         | this is just available to everyone basically for free.
        
           | zerocrates wrote:
           | Anything that calls itself a "TV" has to have a tuner.
           | 
           | I bought my current Vizio in the period where they were
           | omitting them and selling as "displays" but they've since
           | switched back to just being TVs again and including the
           | tuners.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > In cities, this works pretty well!
           | 
           | Not in my city. You have to be lucky enough to live in a
           | neighborhood where the signal actually reaches. My decidedly
           | not scientific observation is that's about 75% of the city.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | This is certainly not going to help the industry.
         | 
         | It was already hard enough to kill off NTSC. Now, with ATSC 3.0
         | they want anyone that's still watching OTA to also need to
         | provide internet access to their receiver so it can give them
         | advertisements?
         | 
         | Have you watched the ads for OTA content? They are all geared
         | towards geriatrics. That's because almost nobody under 60 is
         | watching OTA (except maybe exceptions like you and I that don't
         | mind older TV shows and are willing to DVR it).
         | 
         | So, for a media format primarily consumed by geriatric people
         | the new standard proposes they now need a functional internet
         | connection hooked up just to watch M*A*S*H. The previous
         | standards just needed a coax cable hooked up to an antenna.
         | 
         | I love that ATSC 3.0 uses better codecs. But, it's really dumb
         | that they added the internet backend requirement. The entire
         | point of OTA is you don't want to stream stuff over the
         | internet.
        
       | snapplebobapple wrote:
       | I would be more ok with this if copyright was still in the realm
       | of reason (they probably got it right with the original 14 year
       | term). This just seems like yet another abuse of government
       | mandated monopoly to milk yet more unjust profit out of everyone
       | at the expense of the public good.
        
       | lxe wrote:
       | This is just combining broadcast with internet-based streaming
       | into some weird convoluted mess for the purpose of "targeted
       | advertisement". Which as a concept just needs to go away.
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-12 23:01 UTC)