[HN Gopher] Tuition costs have risen 710% since 1983
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Tuition costs have risen 710% since 1983
        
       Author : armanhq
       Score  : 608 points
       Date   : 2023-07-10 17:03 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (statecraft.beehiiv.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (statecraft.beehiiv.com)
        
       | jasonlotito wrote:
       | Remove loans and make colleges and public universities free
       | again. It worked before and worked quite well. All comes back to
       | the failings of Reagan once again.
        
       | araes wrote:
       | The situation for students is pretty close to a double bind
       | situation [1]:
       | 
       | - Get loans and go to school, or I (your family, society, the job
       | market) will punish you.
       | 
       | - Do not get loans, or I (the economy, lenders, your credit
       | score) will punish you.
       | 
       | - You must got to higher education and get a degree, but only if
       | you want to. ("college isn't for everybody", except all we ever
       | say is a HS education is a dead end).
       | 
       | - With a blaming tertiary of "You should have already know that
       | and realized what an issue large student debt was before taking
       | the loans. Why are you trying to act like such a victim?"
       | 
       | And I admit, I've fallen into this previously of "how did they
       | borrow so much money?" Except its this same issue of "we put you
       | in a bad situation, and then blame you for not escaping earlier."
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bind
        
       | pneill wrote:
       | The core issue is that there isn't a free market at work here and
       | there are conflicting motivations that are preventing progress
       | toward that model. One the one hand, people want higher education
       | to be affordable and cost effective (which requires a free
       | market) but on the other hand they want higher education
       | available to all even if that means taking on an ROI negative
       | course of study.
       | 
       | For example, if we allowed student loans to be a bankruptable
       | form of debt, then over time, certain schools and majors would be
       | unable to get loans, which then could have a series of economic
       | responses such as universities increase tuition for ROI positive
       | majors to support ROI negative majors or some departments might
       | close or we might see consolidation of universities specializing
       | in certain types of education.
        
       | codegeek wrote:
       | It is free money for lenders because backed by the Govt AND
       | protected against bankruptcy. It is Free money for colleges
       | because they know they will get paid regardless.
       | 
       | Remove this "free money guarantee" and watch how market corrects
       | itself. When students can file for bankruptcy and/or the debt is
       | not guaranteed by Govt, lenders would now use the same criteria
       | they use to issue credit cards to 18 year olds. Hint: It's tough
       | to get your 1st credit card if you have no credit history in the
       | US and most lenders will not even entertain that idea. Some will
       | do if you put in a collateral like $500 of actual cash deposit to
       | guard against the default risk.
       | 
       | When lenders stop lending or get strict, colleges will have to
       | consider how quickly and by how much they keep raising costs.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | > Hint: It's tough to get your 1st credit card if you have no
         | credit history in the US and most lenders will not even
         | entertain that idea. Some will do if you put in a collateral
         | like $500 of actual cash deposit to guard against the default
         | risk.
         | 
         | Is that true these days? At my university 20 years ago, the
         | credit card companies would bribe 18-year-old freshmen to sign
         | up for their cards.
        
           | nsvd wrote:
           | My first credit card was a $200 secured card. They offered me
           | a real card after about 6 months of usage.
           | 
           | This was about 5 years ago.
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | Same here. 25 years ago I got a $500 AMEX card and a bag of
           | M&Ms. A $1,000 Citi card and a T-shirt. And another card--
           | Discover, $2,000!--along with a free CD I think?
           | 
           | The conventional wisdom at the time was that (a) we were
           | college students and were therefore more likely to have
           | earnings in the near future to cover those small credit
           | limits, and (b) we were college students and were therefore
           | more likely to have parents to bail us out if we got in
           | trouble with the credit card, and (c) there's no better time
           | to snag a lifetime customer than at the very beginning of
           | their adult lives.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | I got a Discover and a Citi Mastercard.
             | 
             | The students working in the mail-room of my dorm were ...
             | less than meticulous about sorting. My bills occasionally
             | went to the wrong box, leaving insufficient time for me
             | feel safe that my payment would arrive on time. When this
             | happened with Discover, I just called customer service and
             | they said they'd waive the late-fee since I called in
             | advance. It happened once with Citi, I called and they said
             | I would have to do an electronic payment with a $10 service
             | charge. paid the bill and immediately canceled the Citi
             | card.
             | 
             | Guess which (of Discover and Citi) I'm a lifetime customer
             | of, and which one I will never sign up for again.
             | 
             | P.S.
             | 
             | After re-reading the above, it strikes me how much of a
             | "period piece" the comment is. The bill arrived in the
             | mail, I had to mail in payment, and I spoke with a person
             | on the phone when I called the credit card company.
        
               | function_seven wrote:
               | > _... it strikes me how much of a "period piece" the
               | comment is..._
               | 
               | Ha. I mean, I got a free _CD_ , which itself dates the
               | story. But even more old-timey? That Citi card I
               | referenced above was actually an AT&T Universal Card. The
               | "Universal" was because it was also a calling card! On
               | the back was a separate number I could use to place calls
               | from a payphone, at cheaper rates than dropping coins
               | into it.
               | 
               | It's been many years since the card had that feature, but
               | the branding relationship must be strong, because it's
               | still called that, and my card still sports an AT&T logo
               | on the front.
        
             | FormerBandmate wrote:
             | There is also a massive difference between a $500 credit
             | limit of hypothetical spending for a credit card and
             | actually giving out $100,000 in an unsecured loan. At the
             | worst case scenario, your credit card loss will probably on
             | average be $50 per customer if not much less, but for
             | unsecured student loans it will be much higher, which will
             | require higher interest rates that further increase
             | defaults.
             | 
             | The reason student loans aren't dischargeable in bankruptcy
             | is because it's basically literally impossible to collect
             | on them, you can't repo a college education
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | I had an unsecured student credit card, 20 years now. Its
           | limit was $800, no deposit required; just enough to pay for
           | books, lab supplies, and a few meals. I know because I kept
           | it as my last resort emergency card all these years later. Or
           | use it on sketchy kiosk/online shopping sites. Every few
           | years BoA asks me to increase the limit, which I decline to
           | do.
           | 
           | I'm still FB friends with the girl that gave me a free
           | t-shirt for signing up. LOL.
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Off topic: 20 years ago, FB didn't exist.
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | All my FB friends are friends I've made through physical
               | contact. Most of us have been separated through location,
               | time and obligations. Even though we haven't seen each
               | other in over a decade we're still FB friends.
        
           | jackson1442 wrote:
           | I was able to get a credit card with a relatively low limit
           | ($1200) as my first one, partly because I had a higher than
           | average income during school as a private tutor. Many people
           | do get secured cards if they are on a low income though.
           | 
           | That was a "student card," so optimized for people who don't
           | have a credit history. After having that for a while I was
           | able to leverage it into standard rewards cards.
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | If you don't repay your student loan, it dies with you.
         | 
         | They won't go after your estate for the balance.
        
           | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
           | At great sacrifice to your credit score
        
             | cannonpalms wrote:
             | Dead people don't have or need credit scores
        
               | huehehue wrote:
               | Speak for yourself, in my town you can't get a decent
               | plot without at least a 760 FICO
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Death makes your credit score somewhat irrelevant.
        
           | solarmist wrote:
           | Sure, but the bulk of those consequences are decades away so
           | effectively they don't exist (or are at least invisible).
           | 
           | So schools and lenders are acting as if it's true.
        
           | codegeek wrote:
           | Sure but then it depends on *when* you die. Let's say you
           | graduate at 22/23 and live till 70. For almost 50 years, you
           | will be chased for that debt. Is that a good way to live ?
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | Hospice and long-term care would have already picked through
           | those bones. Unless you're rich there isn't much of an estate
           | to go after.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | Yeah but I'm not so comfortable with a technocracy where
         | universities become advanced trade schools, purely to increase
         | your chances of getting a job. As the late Kaczynski said,
         | students are grudgingly pursuing these subjects because it's
         | the only way to survive in a country without real social
         | services.
         | 
         | There needs to be some formal patronage of the arts, but I have
         | no idea how to pursue that.
        
         | nightski wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure the government is the lender in the case of
         | federal student loans. There aren't any banks getting "free
         | money".
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | I can vividly recall having this exact conversation in my
         | grandmother's apartment, in 1995.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | > When students can file for bankruptcy
         | 
         | Agree with everything you say, except for this.
         | 
         | Allowing student loans to be discharged in bankruptcy will
         | result in millions of students pulling that lever as soon as
         | they graduate. They, of course, get to keep their degrees and
         | use them to make money their entire lives.
         | 
         | If you file for bankruptcy and, for example, want to keep your
         | car (which has a loan), you have to reaffirm that debt and
         | continue paying. Same with your home, etc.
         | 
         | Student loans provide you with a valuable life-long asset.
         | Allowing discharge simply isn't right and is economically
         | destructive. How about I BK, discharge my mortgage and keep my
         | house forever? Same thing.
         | 
         | I agree 100%, government has to get the hell out of the student
         | loan business. Universities and students need to be forced into
         | a situation where risk is assessed and loans are issued --or
         | not-- accordingly. The university has to have risk. And
         | students have to be held to their commitments.
         | 
         | The other problem the current system causes is what I call
         | "course padding". Most degrees in the US have a year (or
         | slightly more) of coursework unrelated to the field of study.
         | In the case of STEM degrees, students spend a year or more on
         | non-STEM courses.
         | 
         | This is detrimental on many fronts.
         | 
         | First, the time to graduation rate for undergrad is 33% longer
         | than it would be without this irrelevant coursework. No
         | employer cares about this stuff for STEM degrees. Some might
         | differ wit this. OK. Let the free market decide then. If Google
         | wants engineers who have taken three semesters of Underwater
         | Basket Weaving History, the free market will drive students to
         | take those courses as enhancements to the required curriculum.
         | They should NOT be conditions for graduation at all.
         | 
         | This would reduce a typical engineering degree from four years
         | to three.
         | 
         | Second, these non-major courses add 33% to the cost of a
         | typical STEM degree. Whatever a year costs at a school
         | (including housing, etc.), that's what they add to the student
         | loan. That could mean $30K to $70K. This is horrific,
         | unnecessary and counterproductive. If the student wants to take
         | these courses because they add value and become additive to
         | their career, they can make that decision --not be forced by
         | government into it.
         | 
         | If government wasn't in this business, bullshit degrees and
         | bullshit unnecessary courses would cost a ton less and some
         | would completely evaporate from our universities. A few weeks
         | ago I was watching a show where this guy helps people deal with
         | debt. This poor fellow had over $250K in student debt for a
         | degree that might not even make him $50K a year. The only way
         | that happens is in a distorted market, one that is distorted by
         | government in favor of what usually ends-up being political
         | agendas disguised as good intentions.
         | 
         | The other element of this equation is our failures in K-12
         | education. Again, government (and union) meddling has caused
         | much of this.
         | 
         | Our 18 year old's graduate high school devoid of marketable
         | skills. They are useless to most businesses without training
         | and, generalizing, are ignorant about most things that matter
         | as they transition into adulthood.
         | 
         | For example, they have no understanding of money and finances
         | and no skills to help them make sound decisions. So, someone
         | throws a $200K loan at them for a degree on Basket Weaving and
         | they take the ride, not understanding they are going to make
         | just above minimum wage and have signed-on to financial hell
         | for the rest of their lives.
         | 
         | That is a failure in pre-college education. And a serious one
         | at that.
         | 
         | Not everyone has to go to college. Our K-12 path fails that
         | population as well. The average US high school graduate
         | requires training to stack boxes on shelves and make coffee.
         | That sure sounds like a formula for societal success, doesn't
         | it?
         | 
         | At the end of the day, the problem might very well be that
         | education, in the US, has become a political punching bag. One
         | could come-up with dozens of scenarios to understand why we
         | seem to insist on destroying our nation by not doing a good job
         | educating our kids. All of them would seem insane to even
         | suggest. And yet, here we are, it's 2023 and our kids rank
         | below third-world-nation levels almost across the board.
         | 
         | This is insane. What are we doing?
        
           | nielsbot wrote:
           | > Allowing student loans to be discharged in bankruptcy will
           | result in millions of students pulling that lever as soon as
           | they graduate.
           | 
           | What happened in the days before student loans become exempt
           | from bankruptcy?
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | Prior to 1976?
             | 
             | That might as well be another century. My guess is not many
             | loans discharged by BK. I would also guess loan amounts
             | were not insane, as they are today. I would further guess
             | the no-discharge rule had to have origin in excessive
             | defaults. Nothing happens in a vacuum.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | This isn't going to happen because the whole point of the
         | current government back student loan program is to give kids
         | from not-ideal backgrounds access to credit, and hence access
         | to the full range of schools available.
        
           | throwawaysleep wrote:
           | There is currently a shortage of people for the military, so
           | let them join that for the education. Can pay for their
           | schooling with service.
        
             | p1esk wrote:
             | Pretty sure that has always been the case in US.
        
           | yardie wrote:
           | Why not just make it free? Kids from not-ideal backgrounds
           | can compete on merit alone. The way this Supreme Court
           | intended?
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | The Supreme Court did nothing of the sort.
             | 
             | What is "merit" for _access to education_?
        
             | naijaboiler wrote:
             | there's nothing like pure merit if you are talking about
             | not-ideal backgrounds. those folks are already heavily
             | disadvantaged. Making it "merit" is just compounding their
             | disadvantage while advantaging those already with
             | advantages. The myth of pure meritocracy lives on usually
             | perpetuated by those blind to their own privileges.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Meritocracy really is the worst system. Except for all
               | the other ones we've tried.
        
           | rhplus wrote:
           | Crazy idea, but how about the gov just gives kids from not-
           | ideal backgrounds access to grants and scholarships, rather
           | than credit.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | There already is tons of that. The issue is the "full range
             | of schools" part. You can be from a family with a 400
             | credit score and combined income of $45k, and get loans to
             | go to a $50k/yr university.
             | 
             | If the government is going to step in and provide direct
             | funding, it will almost certainly only apply towards
             | community colleges followed by local state schools.
        
             | itake wrote:
             | How is that different from the current system?
             | 
             | People from low or mid-income families have access to
             | scholarships and funding. Kids from ideal backgrounds don't
             | take out loans.
             | 
             | If you're saying schools get a blank check via grants and
             | scholarships, then I'm not seeing how that fixes the issue.
             | 
             | This problem feels super similar to the Us health care
             | system. Those with blank checks for pre-negotiated prices
             | (have health insurance), pay low healthcare costs, and
             | those without pay insane prices. Overall everyone is paying
             | insane prices.
             | 
             | Can you explain your reasoning more?
        
               | skrtskrt wrote:
               | > People from low or mid-income families have access to
               | scholarships and funding
               | 
               | It might be relatively common for low income to get full
               | rides or near full rides, but anyone in mid-income is
               | getting saddled with tons of debt.
               | 
               | I applied to college in 2011 with a household income of
               | like 95k, with an older sibling already in college, and
               | most "financial aid" packages from state universities
               | added up to between $60k-$160k total debt for four years.
               | Going out of state to places like Ohio State, Maryland,
               | etc. was already $50k/year back then.
               | 
               | This was inclusive of significant amounts of merit-based
               | scholarships. Most (all?) schools do not allow you to
               | stack merit scholarships with need-based grants. If you
               | earn a merit-based scholarship, they reduce your need-
               | based aid by that exact amount.
        
               | itake wrote:
               | I am still not understanding how offering blank checks to
               | more people (mid-income) will fix the problem of sky
               | rocketing tuition.
               | 
               | Assuming this is a Supply vs Demand problem, blank checks
               | to more people will increase the demand for the services,
               | but does not modify supply or competition for the demand.
               | 
               | Increasing demand with static supply will keep tuition
               | increasing.
        
             | mattwest wrote:
             | They do though. I was a Pell Grant recipient. All I did was
             | fill out the FAFSA and the grant was automatically applied.
             | That got me through community college debt free.
             | 
             | When I transferred to a 4-year, I once again filled out the
             | FAFSA and was eligible for an interest-free loan which
             | covered the difference between tuition and my Pell Grant.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | I'm wondering when and where you went to college and what
               | other circumstances affected the size of your Pell grant.
               | 
               | I went to community college in 2009. I filed my FAFSA and
               | if I recall correctly, my Pell grant was $300/term.
               | Meanwhile, tuition was $115/credit. My full-time class
               | load was nearly $2,000/term once you included the books.
               | 
               | When I transferred to the state University, tuition was
               | double that and my Pell barely changed.
               | 
               | I was 27 years old when I started college, working at a
               | Subway restaurant for $10/hr, had no savings, and parents
               | that did not give me a dime after I moved out at 21.
               | 
               | I finished my degree with $45K in debt.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | Pell grants are tiny though.
               | 
               | Really, the current grant system doesn't work.
               | 
               | We should tell the universities they must provide needs-
               | based grants on their own and prohibit using ability to
               | pay during admissions - or they don't receive federal
               | grants. This way they aren't incentivized to continue to
               | bloat costs (as happens now), since now the school is
               | responsible for the costs.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > Pell grants are tiny though.
               | 
               | No, tuition rates _at some schools_ are absurd. Max Pell
               | Grant is enough to cover tuition at the three
               | universities closest to me.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | Tuition rates are much higher near me and the other
               | states I've lived in. PA and CA... and I went to a
               | private university. Silly me.
        
               | nsvd wrote:
               | The tuition for my university (state school) is about
               | $7,000 per year which is coincidentally close to the
               | maximum you can receive through the pell grant.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | What university? In PA, Penn State's in state tuition and
               | fees come to almost 20k and out of state is almost twice
               | that: https://admissions.psu.edu/costs-aid/tuition/
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | Another crazy thought than. How about government simply
               | pays for education. Sort of like universal income, but
               | with education. No grants, no loans, just free education.
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | If it is grant for all regardless of performance, it
             | basically means giving subsidy, which government already
             | does afaik.
        
         | Levitz wrote:
         | >Remove this "free money guarantee" and watch how market
         | corrects itself.
         | 
         | While I agree, I can't imagine what it would be like for the
         | first generation of students under such change. The reason they
         | are government backed is to make college a possibility to begin
         | with.
         | 
         | First ones in line would probably get massively screwed, no?
        
           | throw_m239339 wrote:
           | > First ones in line would probably get massively screwed,
           | no?
           | 
           | No, College education will become cheaper, mechanically.
           | Right now, it's the government that is highly distorting the
           | education market with that loan system under pretense of
           | allowing everybody to get an education.
        
       | therealmarv wrote:
       | If you look at the whole World: It's a country specific problem.
       | There are even English speaking graduation programs with
       | international degrees abroad from top universities everywhere. To
       | give some examples study in Sweden, Denmark, Germany etc and
       | spend nearly no money on tuition. Factor the cost of living in
       | and it's overall still cheaper than studying in the US. And I
       | have no doubt that people grow personally (beside the education
       | side) if they spend a good amount of time in another country.
       | It's just not super easy and super obvious to think out of the
       | box.
        
         | jansan wrote:
         | Some companies even pay your study. You do a regular BS at a
         | university (or college), work as an intern at the company
         | between terms, and the company will pay you 1000EUR+ per month
         | over a period of 3 to 5 years. This is not a scholarship, but a
         | mixture of apprenticeship and study (called "dual study"),
         | which is becoming increasingly popular at least in Germany.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Supply demand pricing has to be part of this equation
        
       | jurassic wrote:
       | Government lending and a lack of price controls are the ultimate
       | root cause. The government extends near-unlimited credit to
       | student borrowers that goes way beyond their credit-worthiness,
       | academic performance, graduation rates for the school, prospects
       | for employment based on field of study, etc. And universities
       | have clued into the fact that students who can pay any price,
       | will pay any price. The ceiling of what students will pay, if
       | they have sufficient access to credit, to join or maintain their
       | status in the middle class is very very high. So universities
       | hike the price year after year with little resistance because the
       | availability of government borrowing takes the sting out and
       | shifts the pain years or decades into the future of those
       | students' lives.
       | 
       | I think some major force is needed to counter-act the runaway
       | price growth without cutting off borrowing for students from low-
       | income families. I think university prices should be capped by
       | law at the inflation rate.
       | 
       | Think rent control for tuition.
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | Rent control results in slums and shortages.
        
         | tick_tock_tick wrote:
         | > Think rent control for tuition.
         | 
         | The only thing economists from every politic view can agree is
         | horrible?
        
           | jurassic wrote:
           | There's no direct comparison to be made with housing
           | shortages. The only scarce educational resources are those
           | that convey high prestige, and there's no way to manufacture
           | more of that through higher tuition payments because it's the
           | scarcity that makes it prestigious. Harvard would be just as
           | prestigious if it were free to attend as if it were $100k/yr
           | to attend. Whereas in housing, if you had people lining up to
           | pay $100k/yr, you'd be throwing up new buildings as quickly
           | as possible.
           | 
           | In general there is a an oversupply of higher education
           | capacity due to demographic downturn and a decline in
           | enrollments since 2010. Smaller colleges have been closing
           | because they cannot attract enough students.
        
         | RyanShook wrote:
         | The main reason correction is needed is a matter of economic
         | and national strength. Increasingly we see students opt out of
         | college because the cost benefit to them doesn't make any
         | sense.
         | 
         | You can argue that those people will learn skilled trades or
         | online but university has always been and will continue to play
         | an important role in economic output in the US. When only those
         | in the highest tax bracket can afford college it exacerbates
         | instability and undermines the economy.
        
       | xd1936 wrote:
       | I work IT for an institution that is currently kicking off a
       | campaign to transform the business model of higher education.
       | We're currently one of the more expensive private liberal arts
       | schools in Michigan, and we want to pivot to fully funded tuition
       | for all students. We have been talking a lot lately, just like
       | OP, about how this cost trajectory in Higher Ed is unsustainable.
       | We want to instead build a cycle of generosity.
       | 
       | 1. https://hope.edu/forward
       | 
       | 2. https://www.pushkin.fm/podcasts/revisionist-
       | history/a-good-c...
       | 
       | 3. https://youtu.be/A-c3h6J8ZKk
       | 
       | 4. https://youtu.be/VssQtdXWqSs
        
       | dv_dt wrote:
       | In the same time period, stay public university systems had their
       | state funding also decimated. Federally sourced loans were
       | favored over expanding grant programs.
       | 
       | The thought that public universities should "run like private
       | businesses" is a disease of neoliberalism. They largely succeeded
       | in running like businesses, but it's all the wrong metrics.
       | public goods should not be profit centers for state or federal
       | government budgets.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | *state public university systems.
         | 
         | Take away state funding, make it a business objective to
         | capture students, add a abstraction of student loans and direct
         | federal funding, and of course tuition increases.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Well, speaking of loan forgivance - i am not really sure how it
       | is supposed to work. Just allow to also let go of student debt
       | when declaring bankruptcy, and revoking the degree?
        
       | whall6 wrote:
       | S&P has risen 2,200%+ since then as well
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | _Short-term, students need recourse. Defaulting on loans creates
       | a cascade of consequences that necessarily harm borrowers earning
       | potential for years (e.g. colleges can withholding proof of
       | attendance, decline in credit score, wage garnishments, etc.)
       | There are loans that are highly likely to default regardless
       | after the COVID moratorium on payments ends ._
       | 
       | no they don't, as mean as this may sound. The data shows that
       | college grads earn way ore than non-grads, even after accounting
       | for inflation and loans. people who fial to finish or fail to
       | attend college do way worse. Thanks to an abundance of aid,
       | scholarships, and other discounts, hardly anyone is paying these
       | inflated tuition prices in full.
        
       | gitfan86 wrote:
       | My favorite idea that I have seen is allowed students to return
       | their degrees for a 70% refund within 12 months of graduation. If
       | the school is confident that the degree will be a great asset
       | throughout the person's career it will be no problem.
       | 
       | This is how lemon laws work with cars.
        
       | AaronFriel wrote:
       | And yet, college is still worth it. While many folks like to
       | point out the Baumol effect aka cost disease, it's also important
       | to remember that college is overwhelmingly worth it, and the
       | government _ought_ to subsidize college educations. There 's no
       | better investment the government can make than subsidize more
       | people to go to college. (Well, perhaps except for funding the
       | IRS, but that's more of a zero-sum game.)
       | 
       | See:
       | https://www2.ed.gov/policy/highered/reg/hearulemaking/2011/c...
       | 
       | Lifetime net earnings increase for progressively higher levels of
       | education, resulting in overall GDP growth and a wealthier
       | society better able to pay for public goods and the social
       | welfare of all. The vast majority of college students who attend
       | a 2 or 4 year in-state program will net a significant increase in
       | lifetime earnings and the amount they pay for that degree, even
       | assuming they maximized their federal loans, will be dwarfed by
       | their lifetime earnings increase.
       | 
       | Even for those folks getting masters degrees to the tune of
       | hundreds of thousands of dollars, the Department of Education
       | finds that the lifetime net earnings increase by nearly $1.5
       | million over a high school education, and yes, actually, around
       | $300k over a Bachelor's degree.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | We know what happens when it is other people's money.
       | 
       | Also fascinating is the increased room and board (square area
       | requirement per student) due to the lack of experience sharing
       | rooms in the family as family sizes have collapsed to sub
       | replacement levels.
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | Funny because all the other countries that use literal public
         | funds to pay for all of college do not have this problem.
        
           | sixstringtheory wrote:
           | My understanding is that other countries that bankroll higher
           | education also get to decide who even goes on to that level
           | of study. Could you provide a list of countries you had in
           | mind so we could see if they have that kind of process?
        
       | prewett wrote:
       | I think these statistics are meaningless without discussing how
       | much state/federal funding has been removed. The article briefly
       | mentions it, but gives no idea of what percentage of tuition was
       | effectively state funded in 1980/1983. I'm not sure where to get
       | that information, and I expect tuition costs will have risen
       | faster than inflation + reversion to students paying the true
       | cost, but without that information these numbers are misleading
       | at best.
        
       | asow92 wrote:
       | Won't it go up more if colleges can be assured that students will
       | be bailed out?
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | You're confused. Colleges and universities have made (poor)
         | decisions that have increased their cost, ostensibly to attract
         | enrollment because of all the tuition/fee dollars out there for
         | the taking.
         | 
         | If those tuition/fee dollars dry up, then that money isn't out
         | there floating around to chase after with poor decisions.
         | 
         | However, all the previous poor decisions were still made, and
         | they're still paying for all the extra buildings and gardens
         | and resort spa dorms thinking they'd have time to pay them off.
         | Not to mention the absurd increases in (non-faculty) staff
         | levels... those people might be looking at unemployment.
         | 
         | But, and this is the most important point: allowing bankruptcy
         | is never a bail out. It's the acceptance of reality. Yeh, "loan
         | forgiveness" is sort of screwed up, but why has bankruptcy been
         | denied these people? Why is _education debt_ such an important
         | kind of lending that we must make an exception for it and allow
         | the lender to do what we allow no other lenders to do?
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | > we allow no other lenders to do?
           | 
           | Well, because we don't technically allow debtors prison. It
           | is an unsecured loan which are not really that common.
        
           | asow92 wrote:
           | Agree to disagree, and I guess we'll just have to wait and
           | see :popcorn:
        
       | aj7 wrote:
       | "Prices will rise to absorb any subsidies."
        
       | m1n1 wrote:
       | What is the "best" thing for students to do?
       | 
       | What is the "best" thing for parents to do?
       | 
       | For "best", I'm interested in two things: making the system less
       | broken, and the kiddos being ok as adults.
        
       | bastardoperator wrote:
       | Here in California you can go to JC almost if not completely
       | free. Transfer to a UC school with TAP (guaranteed), and save
       | considerable amounts of money. I will never recommend paying for
       | a 4 year university, it's just not worth it when you can get the
       | same exact diploma for half the price.
        
       | tboyd47 wrote:
       | And has the populace gotten more educated?
        
       | iaseiadit wrote:
       | Surely the problem will go away if President Biden simply uses US
       | taxpayer money to pay off student's loans. That's the smartest
       | course of action, not blatant pandering to young voters that will
       | only perpetuate the underlying problems.
        
       | throw9away6 wrote:
       | Part of this is probably because real inflation has been
       | undercounted.
        
       | Tempest1981 wrote:
       | What was the corresponding increase in teacher salaries?
        
       | Eumenes wrote:
       | Can we talk about the inflation related to the value of the
       | degree as well? A college degree in 1983 is worth alot more than
       | one in 2023.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | This is something that always bothers me. People have
         | completely lost sight of the forest for the trees.
         | 
         | The entire point of an education is to make you a good
         | worker/citizen. That's it. People completely lose sight of this
         | and think that the point of an education is to get a degree.
         | 
         | Therefore we end up with legions of kids trying to "get a
         | degree" as opposed to "become a good worker/citizen".
        
         | runako wrote:
         | Exactly the opposite. In 2023, a degree is a prerequisite (or
         | effectively so) to a lot of jobs. This was less true in 1983
         | than it is now.
        
           | Eumenes wrote:
           | Not if you're independent, resourceful, and motivated to
           | learn. Is there some risk in not going to college, yeah,
           | maybe - but young adults have many years to 'figure it out'.
           | Not all answers lie in institutional credentials.
           | 
           | I've worked with dozens of self taught programmers,
           | designers, operators, etc. Look at how much more information
           | is available via the web now vs what was available in 1983.
        
             | runako wrote:
             | Not disagreeing with anything you are saying. In fact, why
             | get a job at all? Start a business during high school, make
             | millions, and skip it all. There's plenty of information
             | out there to make this a realistic option.
             | 
             | However, for people that did not pursue that route, it is
             | also true that many employers require a college degree for
             | many jobs. Some 19-year-olds may "pattern match" well
             | enough to get some hiring managers to grant exceptions. But
             | these are exceptions and by definition not good general
             | advice.
             | 
             | > Not all answers lie in institutional credentials.
             | 
             | Also consider that the truth of this may depend on the
             | specifics of a job-seeker's phenotype. YMMV.
        
       | spondylosaurus wrote:
       | I would love to see comparative data on how the average college-
       | educated worker's earnings have changed during the same time
       | frame!
       | 
       | My guess is that the adjusted wages haven't risen much over time,
       | or at least nowhere near as steeply as the associated education
       | costs have.
        
         | SideQuark wrote:
         | A better method to analyze college cost is to look at expected
         | lifetime income gain for a college degree vs not having one. If
         | it's significantly net positive, then college is a good
         | investment.
         | 
         | Since 1980, that has gone up a lot. This method is
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | Why is that better? Non graduates also have loan expenses for
           | other things, e.g. businesses or mortgages acquired sooner.
           | You'd want to compare paychecks net of debt payments to look
           | at workable income.
        
             | SideQuark wrote:
             | College is either a good investment, or it is not. To
             | evaluate, you look at expected returns, just like any
             | investment.
             | 
             | Last time I ran numbers, it was one of the best investments
             | one could make; better return than historical stocks, real
             | estate, or just about any similar volatility asset class.
             | 
             | You also might want to figure in lifetime expected
             | unemoloyment- there's usually a decent gap between college
             | degreed unemployment rates vs non-degreed rates.
             | 
             | And the gains given to skilled vs unskilled are only
             | increasing.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I'd like to see a new funding model for universities.
       | 
       | I'd like to see universities be able to register for a share of
       | tax revenue from their students post-graduation.
       | 
       | For example "This course costs 5% extra income tax for 20 years".
       | 
       | Then, you pay nothing for the course, but after you graduate you
       | pay a 5% higher tax rate, and that extra money goes to the
       | university. The IRS would administer the scheme since they
       | already have to do all the math anyway for every taxpayer.
       | 
       | This gives the university a strong incentive to make sure their
       | students are productive. They'll help push students into studying
       | finance rather than 'soccer studies'.
       | 
       | Obviously the university needs money now, not in 20 years, but
       | private lenders can help cover that gap (and then the lender
       | _also_ has an incentive to make sure the university is doing a
       | good job educating students).
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Yeah, that's an idea. Purdue used to have that, but at some
         | point they stopped
         | https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2022/06/23/purdue-pauses...
         | 
         | Ultimately, I think it's a market non-optimal way if you're the
         | university since student loans allow you to decouple pricing
         | entirely and completely derisk the student.
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | Fun fact, some schools do the opposite of this. Slightly
         | oversimplifying, but the schools say "we'll raise your tuition
         | by $x and give you ~$x in grants after you graduate if your
         | income is below $y". It's most common for people in law school
         | that know they'll be working for the government (eg
         | prosecutor/public defender), so their income is mostly
         | predetermined and they'll be eligible for loan forgiveness
         | regardless. Win/win for the colleges and the students.
        
         | sbdaman wrote:
         | This is just an Income Share Agreement.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_share_agreement
        
         | f1yght wrote:
         | I think some places have tried it before, but if it's optional
         | then people who think they will earn a lot will just get a
         | traditional loan, and people who think they will earn less get
         | the income based one. So it ends up not being economical to
         | offer.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | The one problem with this scheme is that it turns colleges into
         | job training and nothing else. They would most likely drop any
         | major that doesn't make a lot of future money.
         | 
         | There is still value in providing philosophy courses and music
         | and art and all the other things that don't lead directly to
         | high paying jobs.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Well some philosophy majors will still end up earning a
           | decent amount.
           | 
           | So the philosophy department will still be earning - just
           | less.
           | 
           | They could also charge a higher percentage of future income
           | to make up for the loss of earnings.
        
           | FormerBandmate wrote:
           | This value is nowhere near 200 thousand dollars, and everyone
           | knows it
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | I agree, the price must come down. But how do we get the
             | price to come down while still making sure poor kids get a
             | chance to study?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | government investment so the professors get paid, the
               | students don't pay through the nose, paid back in the
               | form of taxes, not crippling student loans. some, just
               | not crippling debt.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | For whom? John Lennon, Qunicy Jones, Yo-Yo-Ma might
             | disagree with that. John WIlliams, Alicia Keys? It's fine
             | to point out that almost nobody with that education gets to
             | that level of fame, but, I dunno, I'd value it at well over
             | $200k if I were Phillip GLass, Jonny Greenwood (of
             | Radiohead), or Herbie Hancock.
        
       | jsight wrote:
       | Why is this understating the increase in overall inflation to
       | such a large degree?
        
       | SkyMarshal wrote:
       | Should probably measure this before and after the US left the
       | gold standard in 1971. The question is, which contributed more,
       | leaving the gold standard, or some Reagan era policies?
        
       | phillipcarter wrote:
       | Surprised that nobody here mentioned community colleges yet. Not
       | a silver bullet, but the total cost of someone commuting to a
       | community college from home is an order of magnitude cheaper than
       | going to college. In many cases, CCs have explicit transfer
       | programs, and the chances of transferring to a decent university
       | after year two are pretty high.
        
         | elpakal wrote:
         | +1, and don't forget that they don't force you to pay room &
         | board for your dorm your first two years.
         | 
         | I'm a product of the California Community College system and a
         | lot of my teachers were teaching both in the UC and Cal State
         | systems at the same time. I am happy with the quality of
         | education I received.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | Or even just in state colleges. I went to a large public
         | school. It was a great school, but so are the big public
         | flagships found at any state. I knew a lot of people who were
         | out of state, taking loans, to do things like business or
         | premed they could literally do wherever they came from for over
         | half off tuition before you even account for financial aid or
         | scholarships. CCs really aren't that much cheaper than in state
         | rates for public schools, and you can even take certain classes
         | at the local CC and transfer the credits over to the public
         | school to save a little bit per credit hour and have somewhat
         | inflated grades (plenty of people I know did this for their
         | physics or math requirements over a summer).
         | 
         | Another way to get free college is to just join the national
         | guard program they have. A few friends did this as well. You do
         | bootcamp which sucks, and like one weekend a month playing army
         | in the woods during drill which I'm told also often sucks. But
         | in the end you get free school and some pay. If you are used to
         | doing hard work like manual labor, a weekend a month is not a
         | bad deal. You can even land a job after through this experience
         | and your degree e.g. in cybersecurity.
         | 
         | There are options, obviously not as good as affording it
         | outright but there are things you can do that aren't going out
         | of state on a huge loan, so I'm surprised why so many people
         | opt to take routes that put them in the same exact place by
         | their mid 20s but with a massive debt over their heads versus
         | these seemingly less glamorous routes. Maybe the marketing of
         | "leaving the parents nest" is just that good?
        
           | HDThoreaun wrote:
           | Tuition at my states flagship, UIUC, is now 20k a year.
           | Combine book costs and other misc and youre looking at 100k
           | of debt before even accounting for room and board.
        
         | 999900000999 wrote:
         | CCs are perfect for students who might not know if they need to
         | go to college or not. Better to only waste a few hundred
         | dollars to realize college isn't for you. I had an amazing time
         | at Community College, and even though I took off time to work I
         | ultimately did get a 4 year degree for a pretty low price .
         | 
         | The biggest issue in my opinion would be all of the people who
         | have tons of student loan debt but didn't exactly graduate. You
         | have the worst of both worlds
        
       | cool_dude85 wrote:
       | I'm curious if anyone has run the numbers on tuition versus
       | direct state spending on higher education. What is the trend for
       | overall spending on public higher ed since 1983, for instance?
       | How much of the increase in tuition fees is to make up for
       | decreased direct subsidization?
        
       | eschulz wrote:
       | Makes sense when you have student loans backed by the federal
       | government. If an 18 year old with no money and no credit history
       | gets accepted into a qualifying university, she will be able to
       | receive a loan since the bank knows that the government will
       | protect their investment if she fails to pay them back. So now
       | young people have this easy access to credit, and universities
       | can greatly increase tuition and fees with the confidence that
       | their admitted students will be able to pay.
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | Purely out of interest: what do they do with all that money?
         | Does it increase the quality of education and/or research?
        
           | kevstev wrote:
           | A lot of the increase was driven by the "arms race" to
           | attract the best students by building ever more facilities to
           | make their ever glossier brochures more attractive. My school
           | when I was leaving in the early 2000s was on a $200 million
           | dollar building spending spree- a new library, a new sciences
           | building, etc. I don't have a citation for this, but I had
           | read somewhere awhile back that the administrative ranks have
           | swelled at these schools and they are making tons more money
           | than they used to in the past as well.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Administration.
           | 
           | There's a growth in admin [0] that I think is the
           | proliferation of the most bullshit of bullshit jobs. It's
           | weird that I think the issue is much worse by basically
           | funding all these admin positions that pay more than actual
           | instructors and researchers yet I'm not sure what they really
           | do.
           | 
           | I'd like to see universities advertise low admin:student and
           | admin:instructor as measured of quality.
           | 
           | [0] https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2021/11/10/reluctance-on-
           | the-...
        
             | rovolo wrote:
             | Yale is not a representative college. It makes 4x the
             | income from its endowment than from tuition, room, and
             | board. It also has multiple research labs _and a hospital_.
             | They don 't break down the staff (admin) by department, but
             | 2/3 of all faculty are in the school of Medicine, most on
             | the clinical side. I would assume most of the staff (admin)
             | are also working at the hospital.
             | 
             | https://oir.yale.edu/data-browser/faculty-
             | staff/faculty/facu...
             | 
             | Universities are not just educational institutions. You
             | can't just compare students numbers to employee numbers
             | without also examining what the university does.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Of course Yale isn't representative, it's just one data
               | point in a national trend.
               | 
               | I don't understand your point.
               | 
               | Do you dispute that admin staff have grown at a high
               | rate?
               | 
               | My point is that universities have too much admin and
               | that it's growth quickly. I think it's perfectly
               | reasonable to compare this trend without knowing exactly
               | what specific universities do.
               | 
               | I agree that comparing medical system admin staff
               | wouldn't make sense, and the article I linked excludes
               | medical system and other non-university staff.
        
         | eslaught wrote:
         | This is a common theme on HN, but it's not obvious to me if it
         | reflects this entire period we're talking about here. Were
         | government loans growing from 1980 to 2000? I know they have
         | been in the last 20 years, but tuition was clearly growing
         | before that (as you can see for yourself in the graphs of the
         | original article).
        
         | dauertewigkeit wrote:
         | Easy access to credit is a good thing. I cannot believe I am
         | saying this on HN. The problem as I see it, as a non-American,
         | is that university in the US is a business trying to turn a
         | profit. Even if most universities are technically non-profits,
         | they are managed like businesses by MBAs. In the EU many
         | countries offer guaranteed loans for Uni education, but this
         | has not spiked the cost of education because Universities are
         | not run with the aim to turn a profit.
         | 
         | IMHO, easy access to credit is one of the best things about the
         | American economy, and hiring MBAs to manage things that aren't
         | for profit corporations, one of its worst aspects.
        
           | brightlancer wrote:
           | Not-for-profit businesses in the US are not legally allowed
           | to turn a profit. There are no financial owners to be paid a
           | profit. So, everything you wrote about that is BS.
           | 
           | Not-for-profit businesses are still businesses; they need to
           | take in as much as they spend, whether it's through fees for
           | service (e.g. tuition) or donations. Colleges and
           | universities in the US spend a lot of time begging alumni to
           | donate money.
           | 
           | And yes, there is education and training specific to running
           | a not-for-profit _business_, and many GOOD leaders have MBAs.
           | I have watched a lot of them fail because the folks at the
           | top did not manage money well.
        
         | anthlax wrote:
         | This theory makes sense but since the loan is essentially risk
         | free, why are private student loan interest rates roughly 10%?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | Those are the private loans not backed by the government. The
           | government ones are basically at the prime rate or less to
           | fund the administration of the program.
        
         | Night_Thastus wrote:
         | It's unfortunate, but to me this feels like half of the root of
         | the problem.
         | 
         | One half is easy access to loans, the other half is student
         | debt relief programs.
         | 
         | Between the two, colleges know they can charge absurd prices
         | and pocket the money.
         | 
         | It's awful, and I wish someone was doing _something_ to stop
         | this. It cannot go like this forever.
        
           | leshow wrote:
           | There is an answer that "just" requires the political will:
           | instead of doing public K-12, do public K-16.
        
           | somewhat_drunk wrote:
           | >the other half is student debt relief programs
           | 
           | ...which student debt relief programs?
           | 
           | Afaik there are no widely used student debt relief programs.
        
             | nieksand wrote:
             | It's buried in Excel sheets, but looks like quite a few
             | folks: https://studentaid.gov/data-center/student/loan-
             | forgiveness/...
        
             | ilikehurdles wrote:
             | Work for a public organization or certain non-profits while
             | making 10 years of regularly scheduled payments and you may
             | be qualified for student loan forgiveness. Lots of
             | physicians I know took advantage of this since most of
             | their training is at public academic institutions, and I
             | believe many teachers do as well.
        
               | diob wrote:
               | Do you have data on how many take advantage of it? My
               | anecdotes are that everyone who tries this gets trapped
               | in some bureaucratic hell hole that tends to prevent it
               | from actually being used.
        
               | hdctambien wrote:
               | NPR did some reporting on this a couple years ago:
               | https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/739860400/broken-promises-
               | tea...
               | 
               | "By the department's last count, only 1% of the people
               | who think they've made their 10 years of payments and
               | apply for loan forgiveness are getting approved.
               | 
               | If you took all the people getting rejected and got them
               | together in one place, Peterson says, you'd have
               | "football stadiums full of nurses, firefighters,
               | teachers, law enforcement officers that are seeking to
               | have their debts forgiven.""
        
               | abduhl wrote:
               | The PLSF has been significantly overhauled since 2019,
               | and continues to be made easier to qualify (and be
               | approved) for.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-is-pay-as-
             | you-...
        
           | jayd16 wrote:
           | I think the solution is to just grant some money to schools
           | and cap tuition costs. The current incentives are just so
           | misaligned.
           | 
           | Its only half the problem because you'll still see inflated
           | housing as well but at least its something.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | Or just go all the way and make education free, paid for
             | using tax money - with a fixed per-student payout of
             | course.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Just stop backing student loans. The issue will stop, very
             | fast.
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | That's only true if the issue is the cost and not
               | maximizing education. The trick is we really do have
               | folks that deserve college and can't afford it without
               | some kind of help.
        
         | rgrieselhuber wrote:
         | And I assume there is nothing preventing this student-loan
         | backed tuition money from funding university endowments.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | The loans:
         | 
         | 1) Increased demand.
         | 
         | 2) Increased what the market could bear.
         | 
         | The result is Economic 101. There are no surprises here.
         | 
         | p.s. Note: Roughly the same applies to mortgages. The idea that
         | more affordable mortgages (i.e., 30 yr) was going to make homes
         | more affordable, is comical at best. With a relatively fixed
         | supply, increasing demand is only going to have one effect on
         | price. And the solution? The 40 yr or 50 yr mortgage.
         | 
         | Round and round we go.
        
           | somewhat_drunk wrote:
           | Agreed. The real question is: do they produce a net positive
           | effect for society?
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | That is obvious, but it used to be that admission needed some
           | tests which most people simply cannot get past. Colleges
           | lowered the bar of entry to make more money and that caused
           | your point 2 and as well massively lowered the quality of the
           | education making the diplomas not very worthwhile (known
           | exceptions are there of course). Keep the bar to entry very
           | high and you cannot have a reason for upping prices. Get a
           | loan when you are actually really good and otherwise don't
           | get in, even if your parents have billions.
        
         | stcroixx wrote:
         | Also helps to drop standards like SAT/ACT. If you don't need
         | grades or money to get into school, well, that includes just
         | about everyone.
        
         | thedangler wrote:
         | I've been saying this for a while and no one has ever agreed.
         | They are always like you think they are that greedy. YES I DO.
         | It's not complicated. If one can get bailed out, one can do
         | what ever they want.
        
         | leshow wrote:
         | You're missing another driver of the growth in tuition though:
         | many colleges are only superficially "not for profit" and in
         | reality are being run as profit maximizing institutions.
        
         | FlyingBears wrote:
         | Another problem with student loans is that they are frequently
         | issued for way more than bare minimum required to pay tuition
         | and study materials. This extra amount just exacerbates the
         | problem and gives universities room to get to that money via
         | tuition increases. Students may legitimately use that extra
         | cash for living expenses, but most of the time it is just fun
         | money expense.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | It's worth mentioning that degree granting institutions
         | numbered ~3500 in 1980 and total enrollment was almost 10
         | million, and in 2022 there were just over 4000 such
         | institutions serving 17 million students, and that number of
         | institutions is actually declining from its peak in ~2016. This
         | alone is bound to drive up prices.
        
         | KoftaBob wrote:
         | https://shrewdcuriosity.medium.com/why-has-college-gotten-so...
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | Two things you have to do to keep tuition costs down nowadays,
         | by my estimation, unless you get a full ride scholarship or
         | accepted by the an Ivy League:
         | 
         | - Do your first two years at community college. A lot of states
         | have zero tuition costs for community college credits. I think
         | in all 50 states its the absolute cheapest way to do get your
         | first two years done
         | 
         | - Enterprising students may realize that if you're married,
         | FAFSA (which is used to compute both federal and state aid)
         | will use _your married income_ and not your parents. Most
         | students make little to money while in school. This
         | automatically games the algorithm in your favor. Tricky to
         | manage socially.
        
           | ytdytvhxgydvhh wrote:
           | Agreed about community college. It's unfortunate though that,
           | like so many things, it's essentially a lottery on where
           | you're born. Some community colleges are wonderful, others
           | not.
           | 
           | I've heard of other FAFSA games as well - last I heard the
           | parents' cars and primary residence were excluded from the
           | FAFSA expected contribution calculation so middle class folks
           | with a fat savings account might decide to buy new cars or
           | pay off the mortgage or do something similar to make the cash
           | "disappear". Deferred compensation plans are used along the
           | same lines for income. The fact that such games are viable is
           | a shame but probably unavoidable unless we have government
           | foot the bill for college.
        
             | WkndTriathlete wrote:
             | That's not the worst part. Rich families had their kids
             | legally emancipated prior to age 16 so that the kids could
             | legally show zero income and zero family net worth on their
             | FAFSA applications.
             | 
             | The FAFSA is such a load of horseshit I don't even know
             | where to begin with it.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > Makes sense when you have student loans backed by the federal
         | government. If an 18 year old with no money and no credit
         | history gets accepted into a qualifying university, she will be
         | able to receive a loan
         | 
         | This is the exact problem. Whoever makes the loan has an
         | incentive for eternally increasing prices.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | false narrative, two counter points:
         | 
         | 1. State govs have reduced funds to all public colleges. 2. Fed
         | gov has refused to increase grants such as Pell on inflation
         | basis.
         | 
         | And that is way before the other forces of price increases and
         | demand increases.
        
           | eschulz wrote:
           | You're right that state govs have definitely reduced funding
           | in many places for public colleges. And although this started
           | decades ago in some cases, it is significantly exacerbated by
           | the size of loans that students can easily access (due
           | directly to federal backing of such loans). Therefore, states
           | can reduce spending on colleges with the knowledge that the
           | colleges can easily increase tuition to make up the
           | difference.
        
         | za3faran wrote:
         | I hope to see the day where interest bearing loans are
         | recognized by the rest of the world as the evil they are.
         | Muslims and Jews know this fact quite well.
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | Serious question: what would incentive anyone to lend to
           | people who have any risk at all (i.e. everyone)?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | One of the major dangers with interest is it compounds in
             | bad times. Someone gets laid off for 6 months and suddenly
             | owes more money, this is especially problematic if someone
             | gets injured and can no longer make the same income etc.
             | 
             | Fees are one option. If you agree to a 2 year loan of 100$
             | as long as they pay you back 110$ that's acceptable, the
             | difference being if it takes them 3 years you still only
             | get 110$. Obviously this runs into problems with inflation
             | and people skipping payments etc, but it's one socially
             | "fair" way to handle loans between friends and family.
        
             | timfsu wrote:
             | The same incentive you'd have to do something for someone
             | without receiving payment - a desire to help. I'd imagine
             | the fact that people in that time had stronger familial
             | ties to others in their village also helped increase
             | payback rates.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | And both religious created a way to indirectly pay
               | interest by turning it into a business partnership.
               | 
               | i.e. when you are helping someone (a friend, relative)
               | you don't pay interest. But when it's a business loaning
               | the money that desire to help doesn't exist, and it
               | becomes a business partnership instead.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loans_and_interest_in_Judai
               | sm specifically: "Heter iska". And
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murabaha for Muslims (I
               | think there are other forms as well). A copy of a Heter
               | Iska: http://www.jlaw.com/Forms/iska_d.html
        
             | sakjur wrote:
             | Assuming such a rule would mean "all mandatory fees are
             | prohibited" and that we're talking about profit driven
             | ventures (not cooperatives or patrons that might have other
             | reasons to want to lend money than monetary profits), you
             | can be creative and charge money in ways that technically
             | doesn't count as interest.
             | 
             | The Medici bank gained lots of their money from foreign
             | exchange speculation issuing a sort of option for buying
             | foreign currencies at a specific date (this would probably
             | be a lot harder to do today), you could also charge late
             | fees with the social understanding that paying a loan back
             | on time is really bad for your credit score. I guess a
             | modern conglomerate might make money by putting certain
             | terms in effect: You want to build a house but need some
             | money to do so? I will lend you the money if you contract
             | my contractors to build your house. A university could lend
             | you the money but keep charging extortionate tuitions as
             | long as the cost for the education service is unregulated.
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | Well if you're a credit union that operates in Shithole
             | Town, USA... then in theory if you lend money to people who
             | improve the community, you'll reap the benefits everyone
             | else does by living in a more desirable place (more
             | valuable property, more customers for businesses, etc).
             | 
             | Almost impossible to imagine given the current state of the
             | economy where every possible thing you can imagine has been
             | commodified.
        
           | boeingUH60 wrote:
           | This seems good in theory but hard in reality. The modern
           | economy is built on debt being used for new investments. The
           | problem is high interest rates, not interest rates in
           | general.
        
             | pixelatedindex wrote:
             | Debt is being used for new investment? That can't be right
             | - it's gotta be some form of credit, right? Maybe I'm
             | mistaken.
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | Of course, it's credit. The word "new" is redundant.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | Something never asked is whether what the modern economy is
             | built on makes sense for longer than a couple hundred
             | years. It seems premature to assume that the modern economy
             | is sustainable ad infinitum.
        
           | tiedieconderoga wrote:
           | Abrahamic religions in general - Jesus was also not a fan.
           | 
           | >Jesus went into the temple courtyard and threw out everyone
           | who was buying and selling there. He overturned the
           | moneychangers' tables and the chairs of those who sold
           | pigeons. He told them, "Scripture says, 'My house will be
           | called a house of prayer,' but you're turning it into a
           | gathering place for thieves!"
           | 
           | - Matthew 21:12-13
           | 
           | >If you lend money to my people--to any poor person among you
           | --never act like a moneylender. Charge no interest.
           | 
           | - Exodus 22:25
           | 
           | KJV used the word "usurer", but it's the same idea.
        
           | gottorf wrote:
           | The fact that default risk and time value of money exist are
           | immutable, irrespective of whether you think that's evil.
           | Modern Islamic banks in Sharia jurisdictions still recoup
           | that risk and time value through various means, irrespective
           | of whether you call that interest. (Some forms of "Islamic
           | mortgages" charge you "rent" based on LIBOR/SOFR, which is
           | just interest with extra steps.)
        
           | crote wrote:
           | Christianity also used to have many restrictions on charging
           | interest, but that got lost somewhere around the 19th
           | century.
           | 
           | It is where the whole "Jews are greedy bankers" stereotype
           | comes from: during the Middle Ages Jews were allowed to
           | charge interest to non-Jews, so they were essentially the
           | only people who could act as bankers for Christians. Combine
           | that with a large dose of racism keeping them out of a lot of
           | other jobs, and you end up with a lot of Jewish bankers.
        
         | doalldrugs wrote:
         | So the easier solution then since the government is effectively
         | already paying for anyone who doesn't pay back their loan (a
         | dead person for example) then is to just pay for everyone's
         | college education (Public Universities).
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | Worse than just "backed by the federal government," the loans
         | are basically protected by the government. Being one of the
         | small list of things you can't bankrupt out of, the risk in
         | giving out the loans has been fully pulled from the lenders.
         | 
         | It is frustrating to hear the discourse over the inappropriate
         | students that are taking on too much debt, all the while
         | ignoring the lenders that are taking on too much risk. At
         | least, they would be taking on too much risk, if they hadn't
         | captured the market so effectively.
        
           | wdb wrote:
           | Aren't they government issued loans? That's how it worked
           | over here
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | Yes. It's not the bankers doing it, it's the US Government
             | - the Feds are the market, they own 93% of student debt.
             | What a coincidence they dictate whether you can discharge
             | the debt too, not too difficult to spot the gigantic
             | conflict of interest.
             | 
             | It's designed by the US Government to bring in massive, on-
             | going funding to help fill in the red ink in the
             | entitlement programs now that those are no longer funding
             | sources to steal from (entitlements used to produce
             | persistent surplus funding the politicians used to steal
             | from for decades). That's why they'll never allow it to be
             | dischargeable. Their margin on the loans is de facto 100%:
             | it's all magic printed dollars or otherwise taxpayer
             | dollars (makes no difference to them).
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > It's designed by the US Government to bring in massive,
               | on-going funding to help fill in the red ink in the
               | entitlement programs
               | 
               | Massive? Even before COVID and the lockdowns (and the
               | pause on repayment), the student loan program was
               | operating at a _loss_.
               | 
               | The Dept. of Education has presumed (because they're
               | incompetent AND corrupt) the program would be net
               | positive but only to $114B over 25 years -- that's an
               | average $4.5B per year. In 2019, the federal government
               | spent $4.4T, so the _expected_ return from student loans
               | would have only been 0.1% of the federal budget.
               | 
               | That money couldn't fill squat.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | "From 1997 to 2021, the Education Department estimated
               | that payments from federal direct student loans would
               | generate $114 billion for the government. But the GAO
               | found that, as of 2021, the program has actually cost the
               | government an estimated $197 billion.
               | 
               | "A percentage of that shortfall, $102 billion, stems from
               | the unprecedented federal student loan payment pause that
               | began under the CARES Act in 2020."
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/2022/07/29/1114560119/student-loan-
               | progr...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_United_States_federal_
               | bud...
        
           | singleshot_ wrote:
           | Curious for your opinion: do you think it's really hard to
           | discharge a student loan in personal bankruptcy in the US, or
           | impossible?
        
           | tempsy wrote:
           | Eh I think the impact of the federal government on
           | undergraduate costs is largely overstated. The limits for
           | dependent students, which is most undergrads, is really small
           | over 4 years.
           | 
           | https://studentaid.gov/understand-
           | aid/types/loans/subsidized...
           | 
           | You can only borrow $31k over 4 years. That isn't a lot at
           | all.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | There is no limit for dependent students of federal support
             | through loans: the limits you cite are the limits for loans
             | _to the student_ for students whose parents are able to get
             | PLUS loans.
             | 
             | But PLUS loans themselves have no cap, so the amount of
             | potential federal impact on potential costs for this
             | population--which, as you note, is _most undergraduate
             | students_ --is _infinite_ , not $31K over four years.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | This is wrong. You're mixing up subsidized loans with the
             | ability to get loans.
             | 
             | People can get unsubsidized loans that still come with the
             | same constraints around inability to discharge in
             | bankruptcy for vastly more money.
             | 
             | It's essentially all unsecured student loans (i.e.
             | effectively the entire student loan market) that have this
             | risk free model for lenders.
             | 
             | It would all be completely toxic trash otherwise that no
             | lender would issue. A student with no assets, no income,
             | and no credit history to preserve has no downside to just
             | declare bankruptcy after school and get $200k or whatever
             | essentially for free.
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | No its not
               | 
               | Literally says "Subsidized and Unsubsidized Aggregate
               | Loan Limit $31,000-No more than $23,000 of this amount
               | may be in subsidized loan"
               | 
               | Just confirms most people have no clue how small the
               | limits actually are.
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | Those don't include private loans which can be co-signed
               | by parents if needed, nor do they include PLUS loans
               | where parents also take out loans. Colleges are also
               | quite helpful in what you need to do to be declared
               | independent for financial aide purposes, which almost
               | doubles that limit.
               | 
               | Graduate students are where it gets wild though.
        
               | l33t233372 wrote:
               | Private loans aren't backed by the government though.
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | They do have protections in bankruptcy as student loans
               | though so it isn't a normal unsecured risk for lenders.
               | They're also not hard to get, which goes back to the
               | point of easy money inflates tuition.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | That's the limit directly from the government. Depending
               | on what you're studying for, that might end up being
               | lower than what you actually need.
               | 
               | For instance, when I was in college (undergrad) I took
               | the maximum, but it wasn't enough for me to pay tuition,
               | rent, etc. Also those loans don't pay during the summer,
               | so you've to budget for that as well. My part time job
               | tended to cut hours because there's a high influx of kids
               | who also want summer jobs, which meant less money overall
               | for me. I ended up taking some more loans from Wells
               | Fargo to make ends meet.
               | 
               | In hindsight, I should have got a better job instead of
               | retail - some sort of office job. But I didn't have a
               | car, so I was limited in how far I could go.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | I am afraid you are woefully confused. A good friend had
               | $150k in debt from undergrad and $200k in additional debt
               | from law school, and this was 10 years ago.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | That would have likely been a mixture of direct loans
               | (which have the current 31k limit for undergrad) and
               | private loans.
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | Your friend spent the cost of a new house on education,
               | lol. There's only one country where I hear of things like
               | this...
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | South Africa: now you've heard of two.
               | 
               | Looked up the prices just now. Undergrad + postgrad can
               | come up to the price of small town houses.
        
               | hamandcheese wrote:
               | Again - the rules about student loans during bankruptcy
               | apply to _all student loans_ , including from private
               | lenders.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | That is not as clear cut as you make it. There have been
               | rulings in the last several years that have allowed some
               | private loans to be discharged in bankruptcy proceedings.
               | 
               | > In January 2020, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the
               | Southern District of New York discharged over $200,000 of
               | student loan debt for one borrower. Then, in August 2020,
               | a ruling by the 10th circuit federal appeals court based
               | in Denver, Colorado eliminated $200,000 for a Colorado
               | couple who held 11 private student loan accounts. And in
               | September 2020, a judge for the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for
               | the Southern District of New York ruled to enforce a
               | prior bankruptcy discharge of a borrower's $400,000 of
               | federal student loans that a servicer had failed to carry
               | out.
               | 
               | > These decisions could serve as a precedent for future
               | bankruptcy cases involving student loans, says John Rao,
               | an attorney with the National Consumer Law Center.
               | 
               | > "A lot of people, even some of the lawyers who
               | represent consumers, thought for years that you really
               | shouldn't even try because there's not a chance you'll
               | win, but I think everyone is looking at it now with sort
               | of a fresh look," Rao says.[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-
               | loans/stude...
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Granted, this is getting very close to "the exceptions
               | prove the rule." :D And this rule is spelled out fairly
               | directly to be as hard as possible to discharge.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | macdaknife wrote:
             | I would disagree that 31K is not a lot of money, but then
             | again, maybe it is not a lot of money and my opinion is
             | warped. I think if the government took a few points off for
             | performance as a preferred return on the massive
             | endowments, all of this would go away.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | it's $8k a year. that wouldn't even cover rent for a
               | school year at this point.
               | 
               | i think a lot of people seem to believe that the federal
               | government is handing out $50k+ a school year when theres
               | a very small limit. people who need to borrow likely have
               | to tap private lenders.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Please stop. You're completely misinformed here on how
               | much is available for students to loan. I know multiple
               | people that took out massive PLUS loans from the
               | government that carry interest, are not discharged in
               | bankruptcy, and far exceeded the limits you are talking
               | about ($70k a year for grad schools).
        
               | macdaknife wrote:
               | I would also add that a lot of loans end up rolled up
               | into a package, which you are given no forbearance.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | This for federal loans.
             | 
             | But the government has "protected" all loans - private
             | education loans are also unable to be discharged by
             | bankruptcy, for example.
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | yeah, and we're talking about federal loans here.
               | 
               | the government is not on the hook if a student defaults
               | on a private loan. the critique was that tax payers were
               | somehow on the hook for most undergraduate costs when
               | $31k over 4 years barely pays for rent at this point.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | No, this is incorrect. The federal government is also the
               | backstop for a majority of private student loans as well.
               | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-
               | finance/08121...
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I can see how you think we were only talking of federally
               | "backed" loans, but I did intend my expansion to be all
               | loans the government has "protected." Which, as the other
               | poster points out, is basically all of them.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Federal loans are basically all of them to start with
               | (over 92% of outstanding balances).
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I had thought that I had private loans back in the day.
               | Been a long time since I paid all of mine off, though, so
               | I can't remember who they were through. (And, I fully
               | grant that, even if I was private loans, 8% is still a
               | non-zero number...)
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Before federal loans were all direct (Ford loans), there
               | were federal loans issued through third-party lenders
               | (Stafford loans) that otherwise worked the same way with
               | the same kinds of loans (subsidized, unsubsidized, PLUS;
               | for a while, both Stafford and Ford were offered at the
               | same time, with identical terms.) These are collectively
               | "federal" loans (and there are still balances on loans
               | originated as Stafford loans) distinct from "private"
               | loans.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I remember I maxed out my Stafford allocation, and then
               | also had to get extra loans to cover my last year. Memory
               | being what it is, I wouldn't be shocked if I am
               | misremembering some.
               | 
               | Regardless, I got them all payed off; and still have a
               | massive distaste at how most discourse over this goes.
        
               | didgeoridoo wrote:
               | The CBO estimates that the government is indeed "on the
               | hook" for about 93%[0] of ALL student loans, despite not
               | necessarily being the originator or servicer.
               | 
               | There essentially is no such thing as a "private" student
               | loan anymore.
               | 
               | [0]: see sibling investopedia link
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > But the government has "protected" all loans - private
               | education loans are also unable to be discharged by
               | bankruptcy,
               | 
               | Private education loans are mostly an issue for non-
               | accredited schools, since usually you can cover the full
               | costs, with better terms, with federal loans at
               | accredited schools. They are also less than 8% of the
               | volume of student loans. They are basically a whole
               | different (and much smaller) policy issue.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | Wait, what? That is a misleading read of that page. Only if
             | you have parents/guardians that can get a PLUS loan is that
             | the limit. You have to look at the other column for
             | everyone else.
             | 
             | And that is the principal. With a short limit on how much
             | of that can be subsidized, meaning the rest is accruing
             | interest from day 1. Such that they amount you would owe
             | will be laughably higher than even that number after your
             | school. And that is assuming you don't have to then delay
             | repayment for financial hardships.
        
               | tempsy wrote:
               | how is it misleading? most undergrads are considered
               | dependent, which means they can only borrow $31k in total
               | over 4 years. beyond that they would need to tap
               | alternative sources.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I'm interested in numbers backing up that claim? But,
               | even with that, student debt is almost certainly
               | including PLUS loans which, "The maximum PLUS loan amount
               | you can receive is the cost of attendance (determined by
               | the school) minus any other financial aid received."
               | So... yeah, very misleading read of that page.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > how is it misleading?
               | 
               | Because the limit cited only applies to students whose
               | parents can get (federal, direct, and capped only by the
               | school's estimate of costs) PLUS loans, and yet is
               | characteized as a limit of the impact of federal
               | subsidies on school costs.
               | 
               | A cap that only applies where another _unlimited_ federal
               | loan stream is available to the same student is, well,
               | not a limit at all, when discussing federal impact on
               | prices.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | The cap when PLUS loans are not available is $57,500.
               | 
               | The impact on prices is not just the direct, but the
               | general understanding that private educational loans also
               | could not be discharged in bankruptcy that was created by
               | the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection
               | Act of 2005. Courts have started to push back against
               | that but there are only a handful of precedents.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Another misleading point, though? As you can then go on
               | to get 138500 for graduate/professional school.
               | 
               | I'm interested in how many students aren't able to have
               | their family go in on PLUS loans. As that is still a
               | gaping hole to relying on the page and limits linked.
        
           | ShadowBanThis01 wrote:
           | It's also frustrating to see politicians trumpeting efforts
           | to help Americans pay rip-offs like health insurance and
           | tuition, instead of putting a stop to the rip-offs
           | themselves. It's hugely wrong-headed and makes the problem
           | worse.
           | 
           | I went to a major private university, and several years after
           | I graduated they raised the tuition 24% in one shot. When
           | asked why, they basically answered, "Everyone else did it."
           | 
           | It's time to revoke universities' tax exemptions when they
           | pull shit like this, or are rolling in massive endowments,
           | windfalls from sports programs, whatever. The regression of
           | education in the USA at all levels marks the continuing
           | decline of our society. We've gone back to book-burning in
           | some areas. Now college is unreachable or a crushing burden.
           | WTF.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | It's maddeningly frustrating to see such short-sighted greed
           | dragging down the class of people meant to lead the future.
        
           | thatfrenchguy wrote:
           | The loans are mostly owned by the government too :)
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | They are and they aren't. Student loans can also be forgiven
           | once you've paid them for a long enough time
        
           | lr1970 wrote:
           | > Worse than just "backed by the federal government," the
           | loans are basically protected by the government.
           | 
           | It is really strange that government does not constrain
           | tuitions of the colleges participating in the loan program.
           | Currently, Universities have no incentives to control costs
           | in any way.
        
             | jedmeyers wrote:
             | > Currently, Universities have no incentives to control
             | costs in any way.
             | 
             | Most universities are the supporters of the existing
             | government structure, so it seems to be a mutually
             | beneficial relationship.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Literally all they have to do is limit the maximum loan
             | size. Max $50k per year. Anything beyond that is not
             | subsidized or requires proof of academic performance or
             | ability to repay.
        
               | hoosieree wrote:
               | How about a tuition capped at the median salaries of its
               | graduates?
        
               | ke88y wrote:
               | 1. Over what time frame? Med school takes 4 years and
               | Residency takes 4+. JDs+bar take a few years and earnings
               | take some time to ramp up. PhDs take half a decade (Even
               | if we don't need more faculty, we do have a shortage of
               | PhD supply in industry for fields like CS, Chem E,
               | Biotech-ad, etc. and the median salary for those
               | graduates is quite high with unemployment basically as
               | low as you can go.)
               | 
               | 2. Even without graduate education requirements, other
               | fields have loooong ramp-up times but eventually end up
               | doing well.
               | 
               | 3. There are also jobs that are extremely valuable to
               | society despite the expense of education (nursing comes
               | to mind, as does teaching).
               | 
               | 4. We would end up with stupid boom-bust cycles in labor
               | supply and demand, even worse than what we have now.
               | Reducing labor supply by making loans unavailable
               | increases labor prices eventually, which eventually
               | results in loans becoming available, which saturates
               | supply, and then repeat the cycle every couple decades.
               | Constant idiotic predicable crises. Welcome to myopic
               | financial capitalism, where trust fund kids who never
               | needed to pass their delay differential equations unit
               | have all the power.
               | 
               | So to make this work you need some form of central
               | planning of supply and demand -- by DECADES at a time.
               | Who knew we'd need so many Python programmers in 1980 or
               | even 2000? Which, if that predictive function works, why
               | the FUCK are we using markets anyway?! Cut out the middle
               | man if central planning works. (It doesn't.)
               | 
               | How about we just lose the cold war brain-rot and stop
               | trying to use markets -- a legal fiction and policy
               | tool!!! -- where they make no fucking sense. Markets are
               | an incoherent solution to allocation problems where price
               | signals are EXTREMELY delayed (education) or EXTREMELY
               | coercive (health). Just fund it with tax dollars instead.
               | 
               | The market religion zombie from the red scare era needs
               | to die. The amount of absolute brain rot in the American
               | public caused by the inability to understand that markets
               | are just fucking tools that depend on government coercion
               | anyways is sending our entire society into a death
               | spiral.
               | 
               | It's somehow unsurprising that the one true American
               | religion of the 21st century -- deference to The Troops
               | -- is the place where we're completely okay with
               | socialism in higher education (the military academies).
        
               | sudobash1 wrote:
               | There goes philosophy, music, and many other liberal arts
               | degrees.
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | There would just be fewer students in this major, they
               | wouldn't disappear entirely.
        
               | sudobash1 wrote:
               | Sorry, my comment was more snark than content. If tuition
               | was limited to student income the universities would be
               | incentivized to cut departments that don't produce high-
               | income graduates.
        
               | fleshdaddy wrote:
               | Yeah if we did that I think we'd need to build some
               | systems for these things. We need artists and writers and
               | what not and precluding anyone who can't afford it would
               | probably suck for society. We'd need some good
               | scholarship type programs to help out there. Honestly we
               | could probably use those now, I don't know how realistic
               | a lot of these things are under our current system.
        
               | peanuty1 wrote:
               | We have far, far too many liberal arts graduates. There
               | is a huge labor shortage that we need those people to
               | fill in fields like restaurants, plumbing, nursing,
               | construction, farming, etc.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | Universities have long tried to argue that education
               | isn't 'vocational' that their entire focus should be on
               | producing a well rounded individual.
               | 
               | That dog don't hunt when that 'well rounded education'
               | costs tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars and
               | will burden the students for the rest of their lives.
               | Once the student is on the hook for that debt, it becomes
               | a strict return on investment calculation.
               | 
               | Want to study philosophy? By all means! It's among the
               | most important subjects humanity can study, but you
               | probably shouldn't be seeking a degree in it if you don't
               | wish to teach it, and you damned sure shouldn't be
               | condemned to serfdom because of it.
        
               | zztop44 wrote:
               | I have a philosophy degree (and a good career in a
               | different field). It's a good thing I didn't wish to
               | teach it, otherwise modern academia being what it is,
               | that would be a life of serfdom!
        
               | rorroe53 wrote:
               | Good, the world doesn't need that many liberal arts
               | graduates. Quality over quantity should be the focus in
               | fields where there aren't that many employment
               | opportunities and potential for successful
               | entrepreneurship.
               | 
               | Besides, nothing prevents one from pursuing a career in
               | most liberal arts without a degree, assuming you don't
               | want to be a researcher. You can always be a nurse or an
               | engineer with arts related side-job, but doing it the
               | other way around is hard.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | > the world doesn't need that many liberal arts graduates
               | 
               | If I were to make a list of the problems with the world,
               | having too many people with liberal arts degrees would
               | not be anywhere near that list.
               | 
               | Too _few_ , yes. Too many business school graduates,
               | yeah. Too many law school graduates, probably. Too many
               | STEM field graduates, maybe. Too many graduates who look
               | at people as a resource to be extracted, or an
               | abstraction to be ignored. But damnit, we need more
               | people who care about the quality of human experience.
        
               | lo_zamoyski wrote:
               | I think the proper way to characterize the situation is
               | as follows.
               | 
               | The university were founded largely for the sake of
               | teaching the liberal arts, that is, the _free_ arts (as
               | opposed to the servile arts). I am using the traditional
               | meaning of  "liberal arts", and not the tragedy we have
               | now. The university was supposed to educate the man, to
               | mature him intellectually, to free him to be able to
               | pursue the truth and to do so effectively which meant
               | also the ability to draw from and participate in the
               | tradition.
               | 
               | The feverish mission to push everyone through college is
               | a fool's errand. It is not for everyone. The result is
               | that universities had to change to make this possible,
               | thus failing their founding mission. But at the same
               | time, they aren't good at vocational training. So for
               | most people, it's a waste of time and money.
               | 
               | We would be much better off with a system of vocational
               | schools and apprenticeships. This would unburden
               | universities and free them to pursue their original
               | mission, and it would enable vocational
               | schools/apprenticeships to provide excellent training for
               | workers.
               | 
               | Primary education is, frankly, in an awful state as well,
               | as it, too, is supposed to educate the man, and it is
               | here where the vocational stuff is still not necessary to
               | learn even for those who will eventually enter the
               | vocations.
               | 
               | We're seeing some interesting developments in both
               | primary education (with the spread of classical
               | education) and the founding of small colleges that aim to
               | avoid the failure of the university. Some try to combine
               | intellectual formation with an apprenticeship program to
               | try to reconcile the desire to form the man with the need
               | to find a job. Apprenticeship is also used to cover at
               | least part of the costs of the education.
               | 
               | Ballooning costs are a symptom of corruption and bloat.
               | The mission is lost, so it's a numbers game now. There's
               | no reason a university education should cost anywhere
               | near what it costs today, especially given the mediocrity
               | of the education. I don't really see much will to change
               | the status quo among those in power, so we'll probably
               | see a combination of hamfisted maneuvers like debt
               | cancellation to maintain the status quo, but ultimately,
               | probably a collapse of the system.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | I thought that there was a cap on federal student loans.
               | Isn't it like $6k a year?
        
             | erickhill wrote:
             | Reminds me of our healthcare system. And military
             | contractors. And..
        
               | bilbo0s wrote:
               | So true.
               | 
               | This is essentially how the US works. We're built on
               | debt. Sometimes I think our society would collapse
               | without all the debt we create.
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | Well yeah, the problem is _never_ that prices are too high
             | and _always_ that customers can 't afford it so therefore
             | they need more debt to _help_ them!
             | 
             | (This message brought to you by people-with-thing-to-sell.)
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | > lenders
           | 
           | AFAIK virtually every financial institution has been pulled
           | from student loans.
           | 
           | The U.S. government is now the only major lender.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | > all the while ignoring the lenders that are taking on too
           | much risk. At least, they would be taking on too much risk,
           | if they hadn't captured the market so effectively
           | 
           | The lenders? Risk? 93% of all student loan debt is owned by
           | the US Government. What risk?
           | 
           | How is it everybody pretends it's the Big Evil Bankers making
           | all the money on this racket? It's equivalent to the false
           | narrative about private prisons driving the high US
           | incarceration rate (when in fact it was over 95% government
           | prisons across the decades that the rate was skyrocketing).
           | 
           | It's a government replacement funding system for the
           | entitlement programs that are bleeding out. They had to find
           | a new funding source as entitlements dipped red, so they're
           | strapping young people with massive debt (forever rising
           | interest payments) they can't discharge and that derives from
           | magic fiat dollars the US Government 'prints' at will.
           | 
           | This is another case of the government abusing the
           | population.
           | 
           | Anti abortion laws? Government.
           | 
           | Anti gay marriage laws? Government.
           | 
           | Anti trans laws? Government.
           | 
           | Segregation laws? Government.
           | 
           | The war on drugs? Government.
           | 
           | The war on terrorism? Government.
           | 
           | Foreign adventurism wars? Government.
           | 
           | Vast illegal domestic espionage? Government.
           | 
           | Non-existent social security 'lock box' (not filled with $10+
           | trillion like it should be; should be the world's largest
           | sovereign wealth fund)? Government theft.
           | 
           | How many examples do you all need?
        
             | zeroonetwothree wrote:
             | People hate Comcast for raising their rate $10/month but
             | when the government prints trillions causing you to lose
             | 20% of your income and assets to inflation it's not a big
             | deal.
        
               | roamerz wrote:
               | It's easy to miss the connection between printing money
               | and the affect of printing money since there is always a
               | time period between cause and affect. The example of
               | comcast raising hour bill is immediate. Well
               | comparatively.
               | 
               | Eventually and hopefully people will wise up.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | I honestly don't know what you are trying to say here.
             | Government debt has been discharged before. Look into the
             | number of cities that have declared bankruptcy. (That is,
             | you don't even have to look at failed nation states. Plenty
             | of places in the US have done this.)
             | 
             | That is, no amount of lending is ever risk free. To pretend
             | that you can hedge all risk out of a loan is the problem.
             | It doesn't matter who issues it. It doesn't matter why they
             | issued it.
             | 
             | So, to put the question back to you, why would you feel
             | there is no risk in lending to students to go to college?
        
               | speakfreely wrote:
               | It's not about getting the risk to zero. It's about
               | managing it. Right now anyone can take on massive debt to
               | go to college programs they almost certainly will not
               | finish. There's no risk evaluation for individual
               | students, no qualification process that decides to only
               | give loans to those with a history of performance that
               | indicates they will finish. And almost 40% of student
               | loan defaults are people that didn't finish [0].
               | 
               | Whether they finish or not, it surges the demand for
               | education and makes it more expensive for the people that
               | did perform well in high school and achieved a minimum
               | level of personal organization to succeed in an academic
               | environment.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.wral.com/story/fact-check-how-many-
               | student-loan-...
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | If I loaned out a ton of money to people that couldn't
               | repay it, the system would rightfully tell me that I took
               | on too much risk in lending the money out and that I
               | earned the losses. To that end, the system works as
               | designed and desired. People, by and large, are not
               | capable of putting others in absurd debts that they are
               | unable to get out of.
               | 
               | The way these loans are done, the "risk" is supposedly
               | managed down to zero by some byzantine limits on how much
               | people can take out. This is silly, at face value, as the
               | limits on how much a family can take out are basically
               | non-existent. Yes, we have limits on individuals, but
               | those seem to be little more than token talking points.
               | 
               | That said, reading your post again, feels like we are in
               | agreement?
        
           | tejohnso wrote:
           | >It is frustrating to hear the discourse over the
           | inappropriate students that are taking on too much debt, all
           | the while ignoring the lenders that are taking on too much
           | risk
           | 
           | But as you point out, the lenders are not taking on risk. The
           | only ones who are silly in the deal are the students.
           | 
           | The system is really messed up. But when it comes to your
           | individual student making that deal, it's often a dumb idea.
        
           | Consultant32452 wrote:
           | The simple solution is to remove student loans from that
           | small list you mentioned.
           | 
           | But then, how do you secretly replace the billions in bribes
           | to your friends in the universities?
        
           | GartzenDeHaes wrote:
           | > lenders that are taking on too much risk
           | 
           | The lenders are taking no risks since these loans cannot be
           | discharged through bankruptcy. There are also very large late
           | fees and penalties that can triple (or more) the amount owed.
        
             | 015a wrote:
             | And yet, some lenders (Navient is the big one) have now
             | lost so much money due to COVID forbearance that they've
             | exited that industry entirely.
             | 
             | There's inherent risk to everything, everywhere. Making the
             | loans undischargable in bankruptcy doesn't negate the risk
             | of non-repayment; it just hides it. Until, eventually, all
             | the band-aids fall off, reality bares its ugly head, and we
             | all wish we hadn't-a done that. Yet, in thirty years we'll
             | forget about it and do it all over again, in some new,
             | crazy, way.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | I mean, you can't get blood out of a turnip. If the
             | borrower has no money to pay, they aren't going to pay,
             | bankruptcy or not.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Since there is pretty much no social safety net, people
               | are probably going to find some sort of work even if they
               | have a lot of student loan debt. And, the debt servicer
               | can garnish those wages. You are essentially selling
               | yourself into slavery if you take a student loan! (And
               | the reasoning is so weird to me; I went to a state school
               | and tuition was $750/semester. Why are people paying more
               | unless they are extremely gifted and they want to go into
               | a highly regulated field like civil engineering or
               | medicine?)
               | 
               | Student loans not being dischargeable through bankruptcy
               | creates a moral hazard, much like bailing out banks.
               | Banks will lend an infinite amount of money for student
               | loans, because there is no risk to them. Creating free
               | money always devalues it; if you have to work for your
               | money, an education is priced $X because that's the
               | maximum people will pay. If everyone gets unearned money
               | to pay for education, it becomes worth $X + $Y. This is
               | just the SaaS model for people. (Consider AWS; "oh you
               | want to make money selling a SaaS service? we'll take 10%
               | of your revenue for servers." Student loans are the same
               | thing, "oh, you want to go into a high-earning field?
               | we'll take 30% of your income for the next 10 years.")
               | 
               | Compare this to things where banks could lose money, like
               | mortgages. If you bid $1,000,000 on a property that's
               | worth $200,000, the bank will simply require a down
               | payment of $840,000. They have no interest in your
               | starry-eyed games. If you walk away, they can close out
               | your loan by selling the property at the appraised value,
               | and they're happy. Banks have the right amount of
               | paranoia about lending for this kind of purchase; their
               | goal is to never lose money. Student loans should be no
               | different; current grades and expected job prospects
               | should play heavily into the decision as to whether or
               | not to lend money. This will reduce the cost of education
               | because selling a $600,000 art history degree to
               | straight-C students won't be viable in the market
               | anymore. (Universities will fight hard against this,
               | because the degrees are cheap and everyone pretends they
               | have some value. If people realize degrees don't have
               | much value, the cash cow dries up. But we have to kind of
               | look at the effect on society as a whole and realize that
               | work experience is actually what we value. After the
               | first 4 years of your career, nobody cares about your GPA
               | or where you went to school anymore. And incidentally, 4
               | years is exactly how long college takes!)
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | Garnishment is capped by law and most judges are
               | favorable to former students over the banks, so it's
               | usually well below that.
               | 
               | > I went to a state school and tuition was $750/semester.
               | 
               | I paid about $800 per quarter in 1996. Even at tax
               | subsidized state schools, tuition has gotten much more
               | expensive since then.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | You're entirely right, but if I have $200K in debt for my
               | useless undergrad degree, and I can only find a job at
               | Starbucks, garnishment or not the bank is not getting
               | their money back. The court will order some kind of
               | payment, sure, but they'll prioritize me paying for rent
               | and food.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | I agree with that. Having that money taken out of your
               | paycheck just makes you extra miserable; you're in debt,
               | you get yelled at for not making Karen's coffee right for
               | 8 hours in a row, and you don't even have enough spending
               | money to go see a movie or whatever. It's just miserable
               | and I don't like it; if you have to take a shitty job to
               | feed yourself, you shouldn't have to live a completely
               | miserable life 24/7. That just doesn't seem right to me.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Hopefully for you the court's prioritizing will actually
               | allow enough $$$ for your rent and food and medical
               | expenses and transportation and clothing and etc. And
               | adjust that when inflation hits the costs of those
               | things.
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | In other words, the government gave the leaders license to
             | do "predatory".
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | In other words, the government has become a predatory
               | lender with some intermediaries.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | Which I find really weird, they take this stance against
               | education but businesses don't have to deal with such
               | predatory loans - in fact govt loans for businesses tend
               | to have low interest rates, or forgiven like the PPP
               | loans.
               | 
               | Why do we take anti-individual stances, but pro-business
               | stances? Is that a byproduct of capitalism, or am I
               | misreading the world?
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | PPP loans weren't really loans. It was known they would
               | be forgiven before taking them out. If that had not been
               | the case, most businesses would not of participated. I
               | believe they were structured as loans providing a
               | mechanism for congress to pass the aid immediately.
               | 
               | Actual business loans require assets/collateral, even
               | those from the SBA. At least this has been my personal
               | experience with my businesses. You can't get a loan with
               | no credit or assets (like a student can).
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | That's the part that doesn't make sense to me. Businesses
               | make way more money than an individual, so why charge the
               | individual more APR?
               | 
               | And PPP really should not have been forgivable - if you
               | run a business, then it's your responsibility to have
               | enough money in the coffers to survive any economic
               | downturns. Individuals get punished way more harshly than
               | businesses when things go south.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > And PPP really should not have been forgivable - if you
               | run a business, then it's your responsibility to have
               | enough money in the coffers to survive any economic
               | downturns. Individuals get punished way more harshly than
               | businesses when things go south.
               | 
               | If that business goes under, how many individuals are out
               | of a job?
               | 
               | The PPP loans were intended to keep _individuals_
               | employed.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | That's not really true imho. If we are going to be
               | pedantic and talk about the pandemic, almost all
               | taxpayers received individual stimulus checks in the
               | thousands. On top of that those with children received a
               | lot more. The vast majority of PPP loans went to small
               | business and it was to make up for the government
               | shutting down parts of the economy (it wasn't simply an
               | economic downturn). I don't agree with how hastily and
               | sloppy it was administered, you'd think we would have
               | plans in place beforehand. But hey it's the government.
               | 
               | As far as interest rates, I had six figures of student
               | loans and they were at 2.88%. Rates today are higher, but
               | that's because they very loosely follow the federal funds
               | rate. This is no different for business loans. But
               | loosely speaking, interest rates on federal student loans
               | are pretty low compared to other types of loans.
               | 
               | In fact, the reason the stock market reacts so badly to
               | interest rate increases is precisely because it increases
               | the cost of borrowing for business.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | I would kill for such a low interest rate. I graduated
               | soon after the financial crisis and the cheapest loan I
               | had was 4.88%, with the average being 6%, and some were
               | even 8%. I can (could have?) finance a car for cheaper,
               | which is a bit ridiculous to me. Personally, there should
               | be a cap or a set interest rate for education loans but I
               | understand that it's a contentious statement.
               | 
               | Yeah there were stimulus checks, and I saw a lot of
               | people say something like "wow look at all these handouts
               | people are getting, they don't deserve it all!" but then
               | they turn around and say the PPP was the greatest thing
               | ever and businesses deserved them.
               | 
               | I think we are too critical of individual choices
               | nowadays, but not critical enough of the terrible choices
               | that businesses make. That's probably the gist of my
               | discontent.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Where are we taking anti-individual stances? I'm pretty
               | sure you are misreading the world here. Nobody mentioned
               | individuals at all - the question is just how much you
               | blame businesses vs lawmakers.
               | 
               | I claim that the blame here really rests on big
               | government for creating this fucked up system, not the
               | businesses that work within it. By the way, I blame the
               | government for the PPP fiasco too.
               | 
               | None of this is particularly pro-business, but a lot of
               | people are apologists for big government and need to be
               | disabused of that notion.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | you are right basically -- with the caveat that "business
               | has shown the ability to be responsible with money" while
               | individuals fail at this for a large variety of reasons.
               | However, in many societies past and elsewhere, not every
               | single individual adult has to manage money like a
               | business. Zoom out a bit and you might imagine that
               | government now treats corporations as a person, and
               | persons like they have to behave like a business.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | In what world have businesses shown the ability to be
               | responsible with money?
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | I did put is quotes !! .. meaning that it is something
               | that has been said, not something that is true in itself.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Fair! I wrongly read that as an endorsement of the idea.
        
               | kolbe wrote:
               | > Why do we take anti-individual stances, but pro-
               | business stances?
               | 
               | You're presuming a fact that's not in evidence. I know
               | it's the flavor of the month whataboutism to point to PPP
               | as an excuse to forgive student debt, but PPP was wildly
               | unpopular amongst people who didn't directly benefit from
               | it as well. I have full faith the SBA makes terrible
               | loans as well.
               | 
               | Also, anti-student loan isn't exactly an anti-individual
               | stance. It can also be interpreted as anti-University
               | subsidy. And when you look at the absurd wages professors
               | and administrators can command at these places, I
               | wouldn't blame someone for thinking these loans are
               | distorting the market so badly that it harms
               | consumers/taxpayers while enriching professors and
               | administrators.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | I 100% agree that universities are not incentivized to
               | keep their costs low, and there are so many that could
               | run on a much leaner funding.
               | 
               | > You're presuming a fact that's not in evidence. I'm not
               | so sure about that. How many executives get paid
               | remarkably well, even though they fail miserably?
               | Sometimes even with tax payer money.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Comically, the government is the direct lender and is
               | charging "predatory" rates. My loans are all through DEd.
               | At time of issuance, they were double the 30 year
               | mortgage and many multiples of prime. My payments go
               | directly to the governments payment processor
               | (AidVantage/Navient) and on to DEd.
        
             | tylerhou wrote:
             | Student loans can be discharged through bankruptcy, if you
             | pass hardship requirements.
             | 
             | - https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/forgiveness-
             | cancellation...
             | 
             | - https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/busting-
             | myths-...
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I'd love to see numbers on how many are actually
               | discharged. My understanding is this is almost as akin to
               | saying that the lottery does, in fact, pay out.
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | There's more paths to discharging than bankruptcy.
               | 
               | Somebody I know had a medical emergency while in their
               | repayment period. They were unable to work and went on to
               | disability insurance, and eventually had their loans
               | forgiven. I think they had to be on disability for a
               | certain period of time (measured in years, iirc) before
               | they were discharged.
               | 
               | Eventually, they recovered sufficiently to be able to
               | return to the work force debt-free. I'm not sure if the
               | hurdle for loan forgiveness ought to be "you have to
               | basically die", but it's at least that high for now.
               | 
               | There's also the well-known "public servant" path. I'm
               | sure there's some ironic joke to be made comparing the
               | two.
        
               | gorjusborg wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing the anecdotes.
               | 
               | Doesn't it seem like a society shouldn't encourage people
               | to financially self-immolate in order to start their
               | adult life?
               | 
               | I mean, giving the self-immolators some tweaky hacks to
               | prevent being lit on fire is not really the best
               | solution.
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | I totally agree, I think most level-headed people do.
               | 
               | It's a tricky problem. We want people to have equal
               | opportunity to pursue college, even if their parents
               | can't afford it. But at the same time, we don't want to
               | subsidize cost creep.
               | 
               | Clearly the current solution doesn't work. Alas, we're
               | deeply invested in it (literally), and each passing year
               | the entanglement grows.
               | 
               | I think you can make a strong case for govt-funded
               | tuition at public universities. But I don't know how to
               | get to there from here without making a handful of people
               | very unhappy.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | I don't have numbers but I've read enough stories about
               | it that I think it's far more likely than winning the
               | lottery.
               | 
               | The bigger problem is that people _think_ it won't work
               | and they don't bother trying. How many folks could have
               | met the hardship burden but didn't apply?
               | 
               | We need to stop repeating the falsehood and instead be
               | truthful: Student loans CAN be discharged via bankruptcy,
               | if the applicant meets a hardship threshold.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | To be fair, I was unfair to compare it to the lottery.
               | That is clearly not paying out often. Such that, if you
               | are comparing to that, you had best be favorable.
               | 
               | I'm assuming it pays out at 100x lottery numbers. But,
               | again, that is still basically zero. Is why I don't
               | regularly buy 100 lottery tickets.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | Right, this is what I meant by them having captured the
             | market.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | But your comment seems to blame them for taking on risk,
               | which they aren't. Maybe reword it?
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I can see that read. I meant that we should not have
               | built a situation where lending money is risk free. It is
               | a perverse incentive to do more lending, and ignores the
               | actual risks that people will be unable to repay.
        
             | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
             | Now I read that Wall Street is creating CDO's based on
             | these loans, like they (continue to) do on mortgages. Some
             | people die "early" without paying back these loans, and
             | sometimes, they will owe more than they took out. Given the
             | mounting problems with the numbers here, it seems a whole
             | generation of people in the middle of this bubble are going
             | to go to the grave while still owing on these loans. What
             | happens to these CDO's? Are we headed for a smaller
             | "meltdown?"
             | 
             | I went to school from 87-91. I could already see the
             | problem starting. I was hoping this bubble would burst
             | before my own children went to school. Two of three have
             | gone to public schools so far, and we've paid through the
             | nose for it. We are pushing our third towards some sort of
             | trade school.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Excuse my ignorance, but isn't the point of public
               | schools that they are free?
        
               | kingrazor wrote:
               | K-12 are "free" (funded in large part by property taxes,
               | as I understand it). Higher Education is not, though
               | public colleges tend to be cheaper, from what I've seen.
        
               | AmVess wrote:
               | Same time frame for me. Adjusted for inflation, I paid
               | $56,000. That same college is now charging almost $130k
               | for the same degree.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Well the CDOs are probably tranched, so there will be
               | some portions that are safe. But in general, you'd think
               | the student loans would only be in trouble if there's a
               | large increase in the unemployment rate. You'd get a
               | meltdown if the government were to announce a change in
               | the laws.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | > But in general, you'd think the student loans would
               | only be in trouble if there's a large increase in the
               | unemployment rate.
               | 
               | I thought the government guarantees these loans, but
               | maybe I mis-read that, mis-understood, or something
               | changed. I think the borrower is still on the hook and
               | accrues fees if they don't pay but I also thought the
               | federal government literally paid to keep the bank whole.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | There are some loans the government guarantees and other
               | loans that the government merely makes immune to
               | bankruptcy. Obviously, they have different risk profiles.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Even if you can't discharge the loan in bankruptcy, if
               | someone can't pay, you as the lender have a problem. The
               | balance in your favour might keep increasing with the
               | borrower totally screwed, but that doesn't really help
               | you if nothing is being paid.
               | 
               | Have to wonder how this interacts with the US healthcare
               | system. As people get older they are more likely to have
               | health problems that prevent them from working and cost a
               | bunch of money.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | >The balance in your favour might keep increasing with
               | the borrower totally screwed, but that doesn't really
               | help you if nothing is being paid.
               | 
               | The secret is to lend money and then make people spend it
               | on something worthless. You know, the easiest way is to
               | lend someone money so they can gamble the money away. You
               | might now argue that this is terrible for the lender, but
               | only if the lender doesn't own the casino. Then the
               | gambler ends up in massive debt for no benefit. It
               | doesn't matter if the borrower repays the loan or not
               | because the lender didn't lose a single penny and every
               | payment results in profit.
               | 
               | This is just a hypothesis because I am not aware of any
               | banks or financial institutions operating an educational
               | institution, except maybe lambda school which was heavily
               | incentivized to get people to sign up for income sharing
               | agreements but then only deliver some low quality MOOCs
               | with the only source of support being TAs who themselves
               | are former lambda school graduates.
        
               | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
               | This is why I'm asking. If that's the case, then I think
               | even I would want to invest heavily in them. As long as
               | the US government continues to make the money printer go
               | BRRRR, this is an investment vehicle that simply cannot
               | fail. (Until it does, in which case it will do so in a
               | most-spectacular fashion.)
        
               | Shaanie wrote:
               | Presumably they're also priced with that taken into
               | account, so you're not exactly going to be making bank.
        
               | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
               | Very good point.
        
               | have_faith wrote:
               | > the CDOs are probably tranched, so there will be some
               | portions that are safe
               | 
               | The mortgage CDO's where tranched in 2008 also.
        
               | masfuerte wrote:
               | Sort of. They took the shitty bottom tranches from the
               | mortgage CDOs and repackaged them as new CDOs. The
               | credulous ratings agencies gave these new CDOs the same
               | rating as the old ones but it took only a modest market
               | downturn to wipe out even the top tier of these second
               | level CDOs. Even this might not have been a problem if
               | the whole thing hadn't been massively leveraged. The fact
               | that mortgages were involved was nearly irrelevant. This
               | shitshow could have been built on anything. The
               | regulatory reforms that tackled the mortgage market were
               | missing the point.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | I'm a newbie, what's a CDO?
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Something everyone pretends to be an expert in because
               | they saw the Big Short once.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | It's a combination of loans. The idea is let's say I have
               | 100 identical loans I made (in reality, there are
               | averages). Further, we agree 5-15% are likely to default.
               | I'm going to get paid 85-95% of the interest + principle.
               | But I want that money now. You want to invest in future
               | cashflow, so I want to sell you a loan. Buying one from
               | me is kinda risky, you may get back 100% or 0% of the
               | interest + principle you expect. So instead I sell all
               | 100 as a lump sum, and you and 99 other people each get
               | 1%.
               | 
               | But, CDOs go a step further. You may have more or less
               | risk tolerance. So we chop it up. You can buy something
               | that gets paid back if 70% of the loans are good, or only
               | if over 70% or over 80%, or even over 90%. The less
               | likely you are to get paid back, the more you make.
               | 
               | So the person who absolutely wants to get paid back gets
               | a small interest rate. The person who only gets paid back
               | if literally every loan pays off gets a much higher rate.
               | 
               | In 2008, what happened is all those people buying the
               | "very safe" 75-85% failure rate sections also were
               | getting wiped out.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateralized_debt_obligat
               | ion
               | 
               | You take a bunch of loans and bundle them together and
               | securitize the bundle to sell to the public. Mortgage
               | CDOs crashed the global economy in 2007-8.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | Collateralized Debt Obligation, sort of like a bond
               | that's composed from many loans on something you can
               | repossess, like houses or boats. They're notorious
               | because they were involved in the 2008 financial crisis.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cdo.asp
               | 
               | Or if you prefer the Big Short explanation:
               | 
               | https://youtube.com/watch?v=EEXTqtH-Oo4
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | The Big Short also has an earlier explanation of a non-
               | synthetic CDO ("we just repackage it [low-quality risky
               | debt] along with a bunch of other shit that didn't sell
               | and put it into a CDO"):
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/xbiDrzTd8fE?t=260s
        
               | Armisael16 wrote:
               | One of the core elements of the 2008 meltdown was when
               | someone abandoned a house, all the other houses in the
               | neighborhood would see a substantial drop in their value.
               | This made it more likely that other people would go
               | underwater on their mortgage and also walk away.
               | 
               | Education doesn't have this kind of contagion. If you
               | stop paying your student loans it has very little impact
               | on the value on my education.
        
               | wernercd wrote:
               | > Education doesn't have this kind of contagion.
               | 
               | It's never been more true that education is overpriced
               | and underdelivers.
               | 
               | The contagion may not be "house goes bust and my house
               | value goes down"... but there is a contagion: My degree
               | is now no better than the degrees for the mills pumping
               | out idiots while lowering standards and full of soft
               | degrees filling the markets with "educated" people that
               | aren't qualified to fill a coffee cup at starbucks.
               | 
               | If you don't see a market flooded with lower value
               | results as devaluing the worth of higher education then
               | you're not looking closely enough.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | I think it could ripple, somehow. People just giving up
               | and stop paying, suicide, homelessness, crime, tax
               | evasion etc.
        
               | mquander wrote:
               | It doesn't need to be contagious to create a crisis, just
               | correlated, e.g. if there is a big macroeconomic shock
               | that makes many students unable to pay their loans all at
               | once.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | If you can't pay your loan back because of poor education
               | quality, then your fellow students will have the exact
               | same problem.
        
               | JamesLeonis wrote:
               | > Now I read that Wall Street is creating CDO's based on
               | these loans
               | 
               | The official term is SLABS: Student Loan Asset Backed
               | Securities. Here's a recent paper on the subject.
               | 
               | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=36319
               | 53
        
               | throwaway29812 wrote:
               | Have we learned...nothing?
        
               | teeray wrote:
               | Greed's gonna greed
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | What were they supposed to learn? They got bailed out and
               | noone went to jail or anything
        
               | HKH2 wrote:
               | Well, students can't default on their loans, so this time
               | round it's more interesting.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Effectively a stealth tax for most graduates, if they
               | can't ever hope to repay it. But regressive if you're
               | rich enough to pay it off... or never have need for it to
               | begin with.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | 100% guaranteed bailout.
        
               | throwaway29812 wrote:
               | "Too big to fail..by law"
        
               | jbverschoor wrote:
               | We learned that people like to gamble and that it's easy
               | to push things forwards. Also, better jump on the loan
               | band wagon, or you'll be left out. Anyone without a
               | mortgage + houw which appreciated has basically been
               | robbed by people who do
        
               | spaceman_2020 wrote:
               | This is why I'm 100% sure we're headed towards another
               | real estate meltdown sooner or later. Real estate prices
               | and rates have skyrocketed. The number of people who
               | could afford 500k mortgages at 3% is much higher than
               | people who can afford 750k mortgages at 7%.
               | 
               | But lenders aren't going to suddenly go from approving
               | 100 loans a month to just 10 a month. The incentive
               | structures are designed to weasel and lie to pump out
               | flattering bottomlines every quarter.
               | 
               | You can trot out the statistics but you can't change
               | human behavior without changing the incentives.
        
               | throwaway29812 wrote:
               | The problem with that is there still is very strong
               | demand for new home buyers, many of whom just couldn't
               | find anywhere to buy.
               | 
               | Yes prices are crazy but if demand is still not being
               | met, then prices are meant to be crazy.
        
               | araes wrote:
               | Looked at this a bit ago and share the sentiment.
               | Vancouver, BC was an excellent case study. House prices
               | average: ~$1.1M. Loan rate average: ~5%. Month payment:
               | $5900. Yearly: $71k. Avg Salary: $60k (before tax). After
               | tax: Maybe $48k or less. Result: No normal worker can
               | afford the loan, and the bank won't give you the loan.
               | You pay everything you can each year, and you owe more.
               | This isn't even with property taxes, utilities, other
               | basic Maslow's heirarchy stuff taken out.
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | It's crazy to see homes still selling with an increase in
               | value of 10% from a year ago and interest rates more than
               | doubled.
        
               | Xeronate wrote:
               | Seems wrong to influence your son's decision based on
               | your financial situation rather than his
               | desires/passions. Of course if he's naturally interested
               | in the trades then sure.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Most people desire not being poor over most other things.
        
               | chaxor wrote:
               | If you don't want to be poor, don't go to university.
               | 
               | Academia should be a place for people who run away from
               | money, because it's the last thing upon the list of
               | interests for them. Academia should be a place for joy in
               | learning concepts, and in some circumstances, which
               | strive to be useless. Mathematics is one of the most
               | exemplary fields for this, which is summed up quite
               | nicely with the following quote:
               | 
               | "The mathematician does not study pure mathematics
               | because it is useful. He studies it because he delights
               | in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful."
               | 
               | Never go to a university expecting to improve your wealth
               | status, because it very likely won't happen. Turn
               | elsewhere to find wealth.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Xeronate wrote:
               | There are a lot of ways to make money. Picking a job
               | based on money is a good way to be absolutely miserable.
               | My parents pushed me towards making money my entire life
               | and there is nothing I regret more than following that
               | advice. Every day I wake up dreading going to work and it
               | seeps into every aspect of my life.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Yes, but your top regret would have been different had
               | you chosen a different path. And perhaps your top regret
               | would be worse than your current.
               | 
               | > every day I wake up dreading going to work
               | 
               | This sounds terrible. But at least you have a job. Many
               | people wake up with dread every day for whether they or
               | their baby will starve to death.
               | 
               | Also, it's never too late to change.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | The world is cruel and wants to see us all ground to
               | dust. The typical HN denizen might know this at an
               | intellectual level, but few of us have the lived
               | experience. I sincerely hope you never have to learn how
               | much of a privileged perspective you have.
        
               | rqtwteye wrote:
               | You may regret it even more if you hadn't made money.
        
               | pixelatedindex wrote:
               | Presumably you have enough money now to switch to
               | something that makes you happy?
               | 
               | Personally, if you're going to be miserable anyway (as
               | most Americans are these days), it's probably better to
               | be miserable with money than without money, lol
        
               | Xeronate wrote:
               | I'm 29 and have 500k saved up (live in Santa Monica which
               | is quite expensive), but yes I think I will quit my next
               | stock vest which is Friday.
               | 
               | And idk. My best friend from high school moved out here
               | with me and he's a waiter making 40k a year and seems
               | totally happy. Works like 30 hours a week, no mental
               | stress, able to work out and work on himself. I think
               | money is highly overrated.
        
               | sixstringtheory wrote:
               | Making 40K a year is only sustainable while you're in
               | good health and don't have a family to support. I
               | remember my carefree twenties as well, but things can
               | change as you get older. There is no retirement plan on
               | that kind of income other than waiting tables till you
               | die. At least you should recognize that your relationship
               | to money is very different than theirs. Having half a mil
               | in savings is a completely different ballgame.
        
               | Xeronate wrote:
               | I think both situations are unsustainable. I'm not
               | financially stable because I hate my job and might quit
               | at any time and he doesn't make enough money.
               | 
               | But I think my main point is both of us have a way of
               | becoming sustainable so you might as well do what makes
               | you happy instead of working a job you hate for 8 years.
               | Being a waiter making 40k isn't enough long term, but
               | working your way into a higher end establishment or
               | management is. A girl I dated started out as barista,
               | became a store manager, and is now the regional manager
               | and makes ~125k a year and more importantly she is a
               | perfect fit for the job and enjoyed it the entire time.
               | 
               | All I'm trying to say is there are a lot of paths to a
               | sustainable life even when following your natural
               | inclinations.
               | 
               | But anyway OP responded his son's not super interested in
               | college anyway so his plan sounds good to me anyway.
        
               | kaitai wrote:
               | I was happy with a low income until I had a kid. Then the
               | calculus shifts. Same with physical disability or taking
               | on caregiving responsibilities.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | How many kids do you have?
               | 
               | Interests are all well and good, but costs are real.
               | Following passion is for rich people (or people who get
               | unlimited student loans).
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > Following passion is for rich people (or people who get
               | unlimited student loans).
               | 
               | I think this is a truism that people want to be false.
               | 
               | But in any developed country, most poor people are pretty
               | rich when compared to the world, and it offers them lots
               | of freedom to choose what field they want to work in,
               | where they want to work (both city and company), etc.
               | There isn't the expectations that sons take their
               | fathers' jobs and that daughters take their mothers'
               | (often being a homemaker).
               | 
               | It still sucks to be relatively poor in a developed
               | country, but most are rich enough that they can follow
               | their passions in ways their grandparents never could and
               | half the world can't today.
        
               | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
               | His grades do not warrant the gamble on the expense,
               | either mine or his. He's very artistically inclined,
               | rather than academically.
        
               | johngladtj wrote:
               | Education is an investment, period, end of story.
               | 
               | If you don't do a modicum of Research before you take on
               | tens or hundreds of thousands in debt to invest in
               | something, that's on you and you alone.
               | 
               | If people were not bailed out and subsidized we would not
               | have these issues of this magnitude.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Seems like if we don't think 18 year olds are not legally
               | responsible enough to drink alcohol, then perhaps we
               | shouldn't allow them to take on life-destroying amounts
               | of debt.
        
               | Willish42 wrote:
               | One has to think the ROI for any financial investment in
               | someone <25 YO towards things like education pays off
               | more than similarly-sized investments later in life.
               | 
               | Regardless of whether the parent can support that tuition
               | cost or the kid has to take on loans themselves, it
               | should be up to the individual whether they take on that
               | risk irrespective of the parent's financial situation,
               | which is I think where this heavily-downvoted reply was
               | going.
               | 
               | As somebody who's education was way less supported than
               | the rest of my family, who came out with a better job
               | than all of those others in spite of that, there's a
               | decent chance your kid will resent being "held back" by
               | such a choice for a very long time if you give them trade
               | school as their only option in life.
               | 
               | Lots of people find ways to be successful in the arts by
               | eventually finding something cross-disciplinary, and with
               | the direction most non-white-collar jobs in the US are
               | heading I wouldn't bet my kid's life on trade school.
               | What made sense as a sentiment on Mike Rowe's "Dirty
               | Jobs" 10+ years ago doesn't quite hold up as well today,
               | and those projects were funded by the Koch brothers and
               | the whole "trade school is just as good" thing should be
               | taken with a mountain of salt. I'd love to see more data
               | proving trade school proves better today, especially for
               | young adults with educational backgrounds and access to
               | learning and job opportunities whose parents are in the
               | economic class to be browsing HN
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | Passion doesn't pay the bills. It's good to be passionate
               | about something, but many passions are not marketable.
               | 
               | Many have drowned in student debt following their
               | passions, but this wouldn't be so in many countries that
               | have university education fully covered or significantly
               | subsidized by taxes.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | The countries that have "free" university education also
               | steer young people into career paths starting in middle
               | school. If you're not the sort of person who will succeed
               | at university, you get directed into vocational or trade
               | school or apprenticeships, etc.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Exactly! Passions are good hobbies. Many people who take
               | their passion and turn it to make it their source of
               | income regret the decision because it sours the passion
               | --it become a job.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | If passion doesn't pay the bills, it certainly can't pay
               | taxes. Why should engineers and plumbers and garbagemen
               | pay taxes to send someone to art school for years?
               | 
               | Once something is paid for with tax money, then the
               | people paying the taxes want a say in how it's spent --
               | which is not just reasonable, it's a requirement of a
               | liberal democracy.
        
               | boeingUH60 wrote:
               | Of course, countries with tax-funded higher education
               | ration degrees. There are limited slots, and art courses
               | are usually at the bottom of funding considerations.
        
               | allenrb wrote:
               | Giving the benefit of the doubt here, I assumed the push
               | toward trade school is because that makes the most sense
               | for the child in question. College is not for everyone,
               | including a lot of people pushed into attending.
        
               | gorjusborg wrote:
               | It really baffles me sometimes how readily we assume our
               | conclusions apply to others. Most serious decisions in
               | life require balancing multiple difficult trade-offs. To
               | think that our particular biases, experiences, resources
               | and difficulties are anywhere close to another's is a
               | huge leap.
               | 
               | It's fine to speak from one's experience, but to say that
               | someone else should make the decision one thinks is wise
               | based on a single comment is either ignorant, arrogant or
               | both.
               | 
               | Edit: I replied to you @allenrb, but I'm not directing
               | these thoughts toward you. I'm just pointing out a
               | general behavior I see (but wish I didn't) on the
               | internet and HN.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Not that it touches on your other points but
               | 
               | > Two of three have gone to public schools so far, and
               | we've paid through the nose for it. We are pushing our
               | third towards some sort of trade school.
               | 
               | Jesus Christ. You're gonna give child one and two full
               | opportunity to realize whatever potential they have, but
               | steer child three?
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | I believe that was the posters original point, because the
             | lenders have no more risk it means that the market solution
             | has been put out of balance, and the current situation is
             | arguably a logical consequence of that imbalance.
        
             | milsuj2 wrote:
             | Just because the loan cannot be discharged doesn't mean
             | there are no risks. The money doesn't just appear out of
             | nowhere if the borrower doesn't already have the money.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | What "lenders," and what "market" are you talking about? 92%
           | of all student debt was issued by the federal government. As
           | a matter of social policy, the government does not
           | meaningfully consider credit risk when issuing student loans.
        
             | FormerBandmate wrote:
             | The government taking credit risk into account would have
             | such regressive results it would be hilarious. The cost of
             | college would dramatically plunge for kids from rich
             | families taking CS and finance classes and skyrocket for
             | everyone else
        
               | peanuty1 wrote:
               | That would be great if cost of college plunged for CS and
               | finance students.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | where does that exact figure come from?
        
           | hospitalJail wrote:
           | The first I had heard about this was from libertarians
           | complaining about the government backing causing the tuition
           | increase.
           | 
           | This was among a debate where people were asking for more
           | federal and state funding.
           | 
           | Its crazy to see this point become so mainstream. I suppose
           | it was inevitable if it was the truth.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | From an outside point of view, it looks like just another
             | problem of the duality of the American self-image.
             | 
             | "We want everyone to have a chance at school, but public
             | schools are government indoctrination so we'll just make
             | sure people are in un-releasable debt to private
             | companies."
             | 
             | "We don't want to see people dying in the streets, but
             | universal health care is "socialist", so we're create these
             | convoluted insurance systems, but still require hospitals
             | to provide free ER care (that has to be covered by everyone
             | else in the end)."
             | 
             | "We're afraid of immigrants, but our agricultural industry
             | is dependent on their cheap labor, so we'll make legal
             | immigration difficult, and keep pretending that we're going
             | to restrict illegal immigration, but never actually do
             | anything effective to curb it."
             | 
             | (I also want to add that mentalities like this are not at
             | all exclusive to the US - you can find similar
             | inconsistencies in every countries self-image, the US just
             | seems to have them in more fundamental issues that other
             | countries made a decision on long ago)
        
         | soundslikeapop wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | basisword wrote:
         | If only governments could make...laws to restrict the price of
         | University. Or...could limit the maximum loan size thus
         | encouraging Universities to not charge more than that.
        
           | AzzieElbab wrote:
           | Easy fix - include education, health care, and housing costs
           | into inflation indices.
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Proper solution is government to stop guaranteeing the loans
           | and to allow people to put them in bankruptcy.
           | 
           | Prices will collapse to what people are willing to pay in
           | real time, or save up for.
        
             | DesiLurker wrote:
             | Right, let the market decide interest rate charged for them
             | based on risk of default. this will also quickly filter out
             | pointless degrees without much carrier prospect because
             | interest rate would be high. right now basically govt has
             | created a fully protected predatory loan that can follow
             | you to your grave. IDK why is this so hard to understand.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Proper solution is government to stop guaranteeing the
             | loans and to allow people to put them in bankruptcy.
             | 
             | Proper thing is for the government to stop _issuing_ the
             | loans, and instead do need-based grants plus establish cost
             | and quality controls for institutions that wish to be grant
             | eligible, while prioritizing federal institutional funding
             | other than direct student aid for institutions that,
             | whether througj grant eligibility or their own pricing and
             | in-house aid programs, or both, meet set financial
             | accessibility standards.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | The government cannot and will not do that, because such a
             | policy would have racially disparate impacts.
        
               | DesiLurker wrote:
               | Govt can totally do that. but you are right in that only
               | congress can do that via legislation. every policy that
               | effects poor has racially disparate impact so that
               | argument can rally be applied anywhere.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | The government actually can do, and often does, policy
               | with racially disparate impacts. Disparate impact is not
               | a Constitutional limit on government discrimination, its
               | a judicially-created rule in the application of certain
               | statutory anti-discrimination laws.
               | 
               | (And the disparate impact rule is politically and legally
               | unpopular with the same faction that currently dominates
               | the Supreme Court and whose members on the Court have
               | shown an unusual willingness to discard precedent, so its
               | quite likely it won't be a limit on discriminatiom under
               | those statutes much longer, either.)
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | I didn't say it's a constitutional issue. It's a
               | political non-starter.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > I didn't say it's a constitutional issue. It's a
               | political non-starter
               | 
               | And I said your argument for that is nonsense, since the
               | government does lots that has racially disparate impacts.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | The disparate impact rule is challenging to begin with
               | because literally every policy has a disparate impact,
               | because there is and always will be an uneven
               | distribution of people of whatever cultural or ethnic
               | subgroup they can be divided into in whatever social
               | roles that exist. It should rightly be rid of. There are
               | many other better ways to address discrimination.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The disparate impact rule is challenging to begin with
               | because literally every policy has a disparate impact
               | 
               | "Disparate impact" prohibited by the rule isn't just
               | unequal impact, its unequal impact without sufficient
               | justification (what qualifies for that differs between
               | the employment and housing contexts where the rule is
               | applied.)
        
               | philipkglass wrote:
               | There are many things that the government doesn't
               | guarantee loans for. Why is not-guaranteeing for higher
               | education more of a racially disparate action than not-
               | guaranteeing for e.g. vehicle loans?
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | That's how things used to be. It means that only rich
             | people can go to college, because they are the only ones
             | who can afford it. Prices can only come down so far. The
             | college still has to pay professors and maintain
             | facilities.
             | 
             | There needs to be a middle ground where we support poor but
             | promising students in a way that doesn't inflate prices. I
             | don't know what that solution is.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | > It means that only rich people can go to college,
               | because they are the only ones who can afford it.
               | 
               | I hear this a lot, but I don't understand the argument to
               | be honest. If someone is poor _today_ , then they can
               | take an exorbitant amount of debt that they can't
               | discharge in order to attend university.
               | 
               | In a world where loans _are_ dischargeable in bankruptcy
               | and the federal government limits subsidizes loans, we 'd
               | expect prices to fall somewhat and rates to rise
               | somewhat. It seems like we would still expect the poor
               | student to be able to take on a large amount of debt to
               | attend university, though, no?
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | The interest rates would be so high that it wouldn't make
               | sense for a promising student to take that loan. If
               | you're a loan company and someone comes to you asking for
               | $100,000, and they have no credit and no family with
               | assets, even with a 4.0 GPA and perfect SATs, they are
               | still a huge risk.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | This seems fine to me. If someone has no assets and no
               | reasonable prospects to pay back $100,000 of debt, then
               | saddling them with $100,000 of debt is a bad idea.
               | 
               | Additionally, discharging student loans in bankruptcy
               | should absolutely not be a way to get off scot-free, it's
               | meant as an escape valve. If your options are the
               | terrible downsides of declaring bankruptcy and the
               | terrible downsides of a life in extreme debt, neither
               | option is great, but having the choice is useful.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Right but see the problem is how does a really smart poor
               | person get an education so they can become a really smart
               | rich person?
        
               | eitally wrote:
               | Well, as a start states can start refunding their
               | colleges and universities, to levels that used to be
               | common [until roughly the 90s].
               | 
               | After that, it becomes more prescriptive around roles of
               | operation, and that's murkier. For example, I'd be happy
               | to see hard caps on $ of operational budget spent on
               | admin. I'd also be happy if sports was budgeted for
               | separately and that student athletes were separately
               | admitted to both their sport(s) and for academic study.
               | There are many things states could do that would impact
               | how schools are managed, regardless of the federal
               | government's rules for student loan lending.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | They study in a field which has a high likelihood of loan
               | repayment, or study at a less expensive school.
               | 
               | If a really smart poor person wants to become a really
               | smart rich person by pursuing a degree in film studies,
               | it's reasonable (in my opinion) for a bank to say
               | "borrowers whose only education is a bachelors in film
               | studies tend to have trouble paying back loans, so we
               | won't lend you very much".
               | 
               | If that very smart poor person is pursuing a degree in
               | accounting or engineering, though, most banks can do the
               | actuarial work to determine that the likelihood of
               | payment is pretty good.
               | 
               | This all seems totally fine and fair to me. And if the
               | really smart person _does_ have trouble paying back their
               | loan, bankruptcy can be the absolute last option they
               | resort to, just as it is with most other loans.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | I'm not sure loan companies want to get into the business
               | of rating specific programs at specific universities and
               | their ability to produce students who can get good jobs.
               | 
               | And also if they did do that, we get back to other
               | problem which is that schools will only offer programs
               | that lead to high paychecks making them just job training
               | and not places of overall learning.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | Loan companies might not _want_ to do that, but it 's
               | absolutely part of the due diligence they _have_ to do.
               | If I borrow a few hundred thousand for a home, the loan
               | company does a deep dive to ensure that my home is a
               | sensible buy (e.g. appraisal) and that I 'm in a position
               | to pay back the loan (e.g. credit check, historical
               | performance). It's absolutely wild that we'd absolve loan
               | companies from this due diligence for young adults with
               | less credit history and no ability to default on the
               | loans.
               | 
               | Also, you may be right that schools start to prioritize
               | programs that allow borrowers to earn enough to repay
               | their debt. Why is this a bad thing? I would absolutely
               | argue that a poor student would be better off being
               | unable to obtain loans for a degree with poor returns
               | then they would be taking on mountains of debt that they
               | can never discharge.
               | 
               | For the rich, those talented enough to earn scholarships,
               | and those willing to accommodate loan companies'
               | stringent conditions on risky borrowing, degrees with
               | poor monetary returns will absolutely stick around as
               | they always have.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | > It's absolutely wild that we'd absolve loan companies
               | from this due diligence for young adults with less credit
               | history and no ability to default on the loans.
               | 
               | We haven't absolved them per se. At first they _tried_ to
               | get the data and make smart decisions, but there just
               | wasn 't enough data for them to make good decisions, so
               | they denied everyone. That's why the government got into
               | the business of backing the loans in the first place --
               | it was the only way to get the loan companies to make the
               | loans.
               | 
               | > For the rich, those talented enough to earn
               | scholarships, and those willing to accommodate loan
               | companies' stringent conditions on risky borrowing,
               | degrees with poor monetary returns will absolutely stick
               | around as they always have.
               | 
               | There wouldn't be enough students to support that,
               | because amongst those people, many would still choose the
               | lucrative majors.
               | 
               | > Also, you may be right that schools start to prioritize
               | programs that allow borrowers to earn enough to repay
               | their debt. Why is this a bad thing?
               | 
               | Now we have a philosophical debate. Do we want to live in
               | a society where no one studies philosophy, poetry, art,
               | music, creative writing, and so on? Ironically, someone
               | who studied philosophy would probably be more suited to
               | answering this question than I am.
        
               | gameman144 wrote:
               | I think we might have different fundamental viewpoints
               | here, and that's okay.
               | 
               | In my view, current government policy is actively
               | enabling people to dig themselves into holes of debt
               | which they'll never be able to get out from.
               | 
               | It's great that people are choosing to study art, music,
               | and philosophy. I personally have a degree in music, and
               | it's one of the great joys of my life! Whether the
               | government should loan me an absurd amount of money
               | strictly for those pursuits, though, is a different
               | question. There's great value in history, but I think
               | most people would hardly endorse a government policy of
               | loaning anyone a few hundred thousand dollars in living
               | expenses to go to their public library and read about the
               | Civil War for a few years.
               | 
               | Also, it's completely feasibly to encourage a broad range
               | of studies while _also_ conferring a degree in an
               | employable field. This is the model of liberal arts
               | schools: you study art, music, philosophy, literature,
               | etc. but you can leave the school with a degree in an
               | employable field.
               | 
               | As far as I understand it, your belief is that without
               | the government lending people money with minimal
               | constraints, fields that are less employable would go
               | away almost entirely. I don't agree that this would be
               | the case, but if that's where you're coming from I think
               | that's a reasonable enough disagreement that we can land
               | on.
        
               | treeman79 wrote:
               | "Hi bank. I want to open a coffee bar in Antarctica."
               | 
               | After Rounds of laughter. "If I failed to pay, the
               | government will pay you back."
               | 
               | Bank. "Here's 10 million dollars. Let us know if you'd
               | like more. "
               | 
               | Banks and other lenders do basic sue diligence all the
               | time. It's government that screws this up.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | A good first start would be to ban college sports as a
               | commercial endeavor
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Not sure how this helps? In most schools the sports
               | programs subsidize attendance for a lot of kids, and
               | proportionally more underprivileged kids.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Now that we have a student loan system, I'm sure that the
               | students who are good bets will continue to have access
               | to credit. You would be insane to not give a student loan
               | to an MIT CS student, for example.
               | 
               | Also, prices should fall a lot, making school a lot more
               | affordable.
        
           | dantheman wrote:
           | They could easily limit the loan size...
        
           | somewhat_drunk wrote:
           | Price controls are one of the few things that economists on
           | both sides of the political aisle agree do not work, and/or
           | have unintended consequences which are worse than the problem
           | they attempt to resolve.
           | 
           | https://www.econlib.org/the-consensus-on-price-controls/
        
             | mitchdoogle wrote:
             | That depends on what it means for this to be "working"
        
             | tomjakubowski wrote:
             | You won't find many economists arguing against farm
             | subsidies, which are a form of price control. This is among
             | the oldest practices of statecraft in history.
        
             | basisword wrote:
             | Seems to work well in the UK. Fees are set by the
             | government and the government provides the loans. Private
             | Uni's can set their own price but the government loan will
             | only only fund about PS6k (PS3k less than the public Uni
             | fee). Because of this, many private Uni's set their fees at
             | PS6k and then make their money on international students.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | That's not quite true. See for example the existence of the
             | billions of $ of corporate agricultural subsidies,
             | essentially creating an artificial price floor.
             | 
             | The primary reason price _ceilings_ are criticized by
             | "both sides" is because the shifting Overton window has
             | resulted in both the Republican and Democratic parties
             | having quite neoliberal views. In an international context
             | the two sides of the aisle can be described as "right" and
             | "far-right".
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | Paraphrasing the Onion -- "This policy doesn't work", agree
             | politicians on both sides of the aisle in only country that
             | has this problem.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | I don't think that's a fair take on the suggestion. What if
             | it was something like Medicare where services were tax
             | funded and costs are negotiated but fixed?
        
             | pixelatedindex wrote:
             | Sometimes it feels like economists come up with these ideas
             | in an ivory tower, detached from reality. Any kind of price
             | control seems to make economists very upset, rent control
             | being another example.
             | 
             | Reality is that there are so many other factors that it's
             | probably better to have some sort of price control as a
             | form of regulation, instead of only focusing on
             | supply/demand levers.
             | 
             | I'm not an economist so I'm happy to be proven wrong, but
             | the stance of "x,y and z policies need to be implemented so
             | supply/demand is changed to mitigate these issues", but the
             | reality is that politicians and the business landscape
             | doesn't incentivize such changes. For example, colleges
             | aren't incentivized to keep the cost low, housing
             | construction isn't incentivized because NIMBYs control what
             | can be built where, etc.
             | 
             | So when someone says "well the economists don't agree on
             | that", it really rubs me the wrong way.
        
               | leshow wrote:
               | I'd wager econlib is cherry picking
               | https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/the-library-of-economics-
               | and-...
               | 
               | Mainstream economists have thought very different things
               | at different times. The current mainstream orthodoxy is
               | largely free market fundamentalists that took over in the
               | 80's. There are heterodox economists that disagree with
               | this view. Practically, there are also many examples of
               | price and rent controls and de-commodification "working"
               | throughout modern history and currently on other
               | countries.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | > Any kind of price control seems to make economists very
               | upset, rent control being another example.
               | 
               | They're probably upset the same way that climate
               | scientists get upset when people dispute climate change;
               | that is, it's a widely-studied phenomenon by economists
               | of all political persuasions with lots of evidence to
               | back it up.
               | 
               | A price ceiling causes a shortage, like cars lining up at
               | gas stations during the 70s oil crisis or the 10+ years
               | of wait time in Stockholm apartments. A price floor
               | causes a surplus, like unemployed workers at the minimum
               | wage.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > Price controls are one of the few things that economists
             | on both sides of the political aisle agree do not work,
             | and/or have unintended consequences which are worse than
             | the problem they attempt to resolve.
             | 
             | Australia effectively has price controls on both health and
             | tertiary education. It isn't perfect but it is hardly
             | terrible.
             | 
             | I know the US pharmaceutical industry hates it - the
             | Australian government uses its monopsony power to limit
             | drug prices and hence drug company profits - and is forever
             | lobbying the US government to use trade negotiations to
             | pressure to undermine it (but hasn't yet succeeded)
             | 
             | Universities can charge as much as they want - but if they
             | want students to have full eligibility for government
             | student loans and government tuition subsidies, there is a
             | maximum they can charge. Students want that full
             | eligibility, so for the majority of places they stick to
             | the maximum
        
         | gaoshan wrote:
         | If that's the case, that the federal government backing the
         | loans is what permits the increases, then why not just have the
         | federal government pay up front and cut out the loan portion?
         | Might give them more power to negotiate lower prices. Though I
         | suppose the loan industry wouldn't like getting cut out of
         | their middleman position, eh, and politicians probably wouldn't
         | stand for that egregious cutting of profits.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > Makes sense when you have student loans backed by the federal
         | government.
         | 
         | Everyone says that, but I've not seen much actual evidence.
         | 
         | I tried to find evidence, by looking for tuitions of various
         | major universities over time and seeing if there was any clear
         | difference in the tuition growth rates before Federal loans and
         | after.
         | 
         | I know the data is available. Most schools list tuition in
         | their catalog, and have their old catalogs in their library,
         | but it wasn't turning up in. Google searches.
         | 
         | I was only able to find historical data for Stanford, giving
         | tuition by decade, and one big state school whose name I don't
         | remember. Here's a graph of log10(Stanford_tution) over time
         | [1]. I don't have a copy of the graph for the other school but
         | recall it was similar. It looks like it has been growing about
         | the same for a century.
         | 
         | I also remember comparing tuition rate increases to inflation,
         | and found that tuition has grown pretty consistently at roughly
         | 2x inflation both before and after Federal backed loans.
         | 
         | [1] https://imgur.com/fXnjDNn
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | This is not wrong (despite being common and the de facto
         | explanation) but it isn't complete either. The reason I say
         | this is because people that often say this (or read this) also
         | conclude that the way to fix this is to just get rid of
         | government backed loans. The issue is that this model doesn't
         | question why the government backed loans in the first place.
         | How they were seen as an investment in the people, as higher
         | education was already prohibitively expensive. The solution
         | failed because it did not account for a feedback loop, relying
         | on competition to keep prices low rather than implicit
         | coordination (sometimes explicit collusion). Mostly being due
         | to momentum and prestige having an ineffable market value.
         | 
         | So we need to resolve that issue as well if we're to stop
         | federally backed loans. There's more things at play as well and
         | the convoluted mess is the real reason we haven't solved the
         | problem. Realistically, this is probably true about most of the
         | larger issues we face. I'm concerned that over simplifying the
         | problem statement results in an over simplification of the
         | solution and it just causes us to argue (which can be supported
         | by evidence) or take ineffective/theatrical action rather than
         | actually resolving the problem (meeting the intended goals
         | (plural)).
         | 
         | We can keep having this conversation over and over, but it has
         | happened for well over a decade now and no real progress has
         | been made. We gotta start looking at the actual complexity of
         | the situation as first order modeling isn't good enough.
        
         | dpierce9 wrote:
         | Private high school costs have also gone up astronomically and
         | there are no federal loans for them.
         | 
         | [0] https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-private-school
        
           | lr4444lr wrote:
           | This is really interesting, but has it outpaced inflation ?
           | Did not see that skimming the site.
        
             | dpierce9 wrote:
             | There is a chart at the bottom. Costs doubled over twenty
             | years since 1999, directly comparable to the college rate
             | over the same period and well above inflation.
        
           | bitshiftfaced wrote:
           | This says that the average private highschool tuition is
           | $15,645. In 2003, the average private highschool tuition was
           | $8,412 (Snyder, Dillow, & Hoffman, 2008), or $14,079 (in
           | today's dollars).
           | 
           | Please correct me if I've made some mistake, but plugging
           | those numbers in shows that the annualized real increase in
           | price is 0.5% per year over 20 years. Looks like doing the
           | same thing for public 4 year college over the same timespan
           | results in an annual real increase in 2.1%
        
             | dpierce9 wrote:
             | The first bullet says: "$23,839 is the average annual
             | tuition among the nation's private K-12 schools."
             | 
             | Edit: it looks like there is an error on this page. The bar
             | chart the numbers are much higher. Anecdotally, private
             | high school is always more expensive than private
             | elementary. That is what the bar chart shows but not the
             | bullets.
        
               | bitshiftfaced wrote:
               | In your post, you said "private high school."
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dpierce9 wrote:
               | I think the average high school price is incorrect. I
               | would love to see better data. I edited my previous
               | bullet to reflect this.
        
           | hospitalJail wrote:
           | Where does it say that?
           | 
           | Btw private school looks quite affordable. I used to think my
           | neighbor was rich, they were, but for only $20k/yr you can
           | send 2 kids to private school? That is cheaper than daycare.
        
             | dpierce9 wrote:
             | There is a chart at the bottom. Costs doubled over twenty
             | years since 1999, directly comparable to the college rate
             | over the same period and well above inflation.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | According to that chart, by "well above inflation" you
               | mean "<20% above inflation" and by "comparable to the
               | college rates" you mean ">100% above inflation".
               | 
               | Your use of generalizations seems radically inconsistent.
        
             | jasonmp85 wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | zeroonetwothree wrote:
             | The private school near me is 55k per child. And that's
             | typical for this area
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | And what is your point. Average rates were noted.
               | 
               | The study also does average and median prices and
               | increases.
               | 
               | Of course there is variability. What does you living in a
               | higher cost of living area have to do with the points in
               | this thread. Are you distributing?
               | 
               | Or just wanted to note that there are outliers that
               | factor into the average? Maybe there's something
               | noteworthy about your private schools, but please add
               | more info.
        
             | Sivart13 wrote:
             | Daycare is considered by many to be very expensive and a
             | lot of parents would prefer not to (or can't!) pay daycare
             | prices until their kids leave the house.
        
             | thebradbain wrote:
             | Depends on the city... in Los Angeles private schools can
             | push $70k/yr/student easily; In the Bay Area I would
             | imagine even higher. In Dallas, where I grew up and went to
             | the same school for much less, tuition is now around
             | $40k/student/year for top private schools.
        
               | eitally wrote:
               | The highest I've found in the bay area are a small
               | handful of residential private schools (e.g. Athenian is
               | $82k for boarding students). Most of the top private day
               | schools are still <$50k/yr, but I strongly suspect they
               | top that once fees & "discretionary" expenses are added.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | If you're paying $20k for daycare and there's not really a
             | free option, that's just what you have to do.
             | 
             | If you're paying $20k for private school, and there's a
             | free option (public school) - you obviously have a healthy
             | amount of disposable income.
        
               | eitally wrote:
               | But once you've become sensitized to the impact of paying
               | for daycare on your budget, it's easy to logically just
               | continue the same budget and funnel the same money to a
               | different school.
        
               | iteria wrote:
               | This. I put my kid into daycare because it didn't cost
               | more than daycare and I'd been paying it this long, what
               | was paying it forever when I'm financially stable. My kid
               | is special needs and the public school would have never
               | accommodated her like this private school has.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > If you're paying $20k for private school,
               | 
               | The link says the average for HS is $15.6k; if that's a
               | mathematical mean, that's going to be driven up by a
               | handful of very expensive schools.
               | 
               | > and there's a free option (public school)
               | 
               | Most public schools in the US are garbage.
               | 
               | > - you obviously have a healthy amount of disposable
               | income.
               | 
               | Or make frugal choices elsewhere, or receive
               | scholarships/ financial aid, likely both.
               | 
               | Yes, that's right, parents can drive an older car and
               | skip buying a bigger TV and cook at home and save money
               | in all kinds of ways, and private schools offer
               | scholarships and financial aid to advance missions of
               | service.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | > Or make frugal choices elsewhere, or receive
               | scholarships/ financial aid, likely both.
               | 
               | Most people are already doing that and still can't spend
               | $20k to send their children to a non-"garbage" school.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | It only makes sense if you believe education is just like any
         | other commodity whose price should be driven by market forces.
         | Should government have any say in whether its citizenry gets
         | educated? Is there a public interest in it?
         | 
         | I can't think of an easier way for e.g. China to win the 21st
         | century. American undergrad enrollment is already down. As the
         | world gets more technical, that is not a good sign.
         | 
         | When an entire generation of Americans are priced out of higher
         | education, who is going to develop the technologies of
         | tomorrow? Should we assume foreign students will always want to
         | come to our schools and stay to work in our companies? It's not
         | sustainable.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | The rise in prices has largely been driven by schools going
           | on real estate binges and bloating administrations.
           | 
           | Right before I graduated, my school decided to build a new
           | football stadium, because they decided using the city's
           | stadium wasn't attractive enough for students. They promised
           | tuition wouldn't be used to pay for it, and it wasn't. We
           | just got something like $500 added to student "fees" instead.
           | 
           | I have no sympathy for universities and colleges in the US,
           | only for the students who were duped into thinking they
           | didn't have another choice.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | When I went to school ages ago when it was reasonably
             | priced, they did a breakdown of the tuition. Half of it was
             | stupid bullshit the student government voted on over the
             | years.
             | 
             | "Too many piglets, not enough tits" -AL
        
             | janalsncm wrote:
             | Ultimately it doesn't matter if the cause is administrative
             | bloat, government-backed student loans that can't be
             | defaulted on, or space aliens. What is not debatable is
             | that higher education is necessary in an advanced economy,
             | and starving the job market of highly skilled workers is a
             | fast track to companies shifting to other places where they
             | are more abundant.
             | 
             | Either the US will figure it out like every other developed
             | nation has seemed to do, or there will be grave
             | geopolitical consequences. Whether the US
             | political/economic machine can figure it out is a question
             | that only time can answer.
        
           | brightlancer wrote:
           | > Should government have any say in whether its citizenry
           | gets educated? Is there a public interest in it?
           | 
           | That's a very dangerous road.
           | 
           | Governments are not some benevolent creature which always
           | acts in the best interests of the People. As a practical
           | matter, governments are usually incompetent and corrupt
           | (usually in that order), and try to get the masses to further
           | the interests of the politicians, the bureaucrats and the
           | donor class.
           | 
           | I want an educated populace. For that reason, I want
           | government as far away from it as possible.
        
         | patrickthebold wrote:
         | "Able to pay", but where is the "Want to pay?"
         | 
         | I feel you also need to argue: "18 year olds don't realize they
         | are being ripped off", or "college is actually worth that
         | much". It's probably a different answer for different students.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Society is better off as a whole with a well educated
           | populace. We shouldn't optimize for college only for kids who
           | can learn to program or whatever.
           | 
           | Most other developed nations manage to send every smart kid
           | to college for ten thousand dollars per kid or less. Once
           | again, it is only the US that thinks it is a special
           | butterfly that can't somehow manage to give kids college.
           | Sure, most European colleges don't spend one billion tax
           | dollars on a football stadium, but that is also a good thing.
           | 
           | And no, those sports complexes largely DON'T pay their own
           | way. A significant amount of college sports don't make much
           | money, and don't give it back to the campus as a whole, and
           | that's WITH literal free labor of NCAA athletes.
        
             | nsvd wrote:
             | That's a popular opinion, but how do you quantitatively
             | prove it? While the formal education of a population may
             | correlate with wealth, I think it would be harder to prove
             | a causal link.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | It's about what is necessary for DEMOCRACY to work well.
               | I don't care what provides a higher ROI to some rich
               | owner-class people, I care about a society that
               | represents its people.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | The education needed for a functioning society should be
             | delivered by the end of high school. A few generations ago
             | it was delivered by the end of 8th grade.
             | 
             | And yes, college sports on the whole does pay for itself.
             | Those stadiums are built by donated money, and revenue from
             | ticket sales. Yes taken in isolation there are a lot of
             | sports that don't make money, but they are subsidized by
             | those that do (chiefly football and basketball). Sports
             | stadiums are not the reason tuition has inflated by 700%.
             | They are two separate pools of money. If you got rid of
             | sports entirely it would not affect the finances of the
             | academic side of the university at all.
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | It's a question of what kind of "functioning society" you
               | want to have. Those 8th grade education jobs still exist,
               | but they're in China, Bangladesh and other developing
               | economies. And no offense to those people either. A lot
               | of manufacturing depends on them.
               | 
               | Those are certainly "functioning societies" but their
               | economies are much less advanced than in the US. It's not
               | realistic to say that an advanced economy can get by with
               | education ending at age 18.
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | Define well educated populace.
             | 
             | Does this mean ability to read, write, and do arithmetic?
             | Does this mean the ability to speak and read Latin with an
             | understanding of the classics and the Bible? The ability to
             | fix a car and build an engine? Program a computer?
             | 
             | One could argue that a university does very little to make
             | a populace more educated, since they can already read,
             | write and do basic math (or should be able to) to get into
             | school. Is taking psychology making one better educated?
             | Maybe? Maybe not.
        
               | Broken_Hippo wrote:
               | Well educated isn't so clearly defined: In general,
               | though, it is having been exposed to a varying number of
               | subjects, be able to read a varying amount of things,
               | have enough general knowledge that they can understand
               | the reason there are "chemicals" in food and the reasons
               | not to mix some household chemicals together. In
               | addition, the person has been able to dive into a
               | particular subject more deeply than the other ones, and
               | understand that other folks have different specialties.
               | While doing this, you are generally exposed to an array
               | of people and if your institutions are fair, they come
               | from mixed backgrounds.
               | 
               | Realistically, the basic information will be similar
               | (basic science, health, reading, history, and so on) but
               | we'll have different areas of interest and skill, so the
               | exact subjects will be individualized to an extent and
               | will definitely change over time as the world changes.
               | You can't say for certain that psychology will make you
               | better educated, but an introduction to the basic field
               | might open someone's mind to being educated in that
               | field, which helps society at large. Other things will be
               | more esoteric: Go to art school, work in retail, and
               | happily make art doesn't have the same sort of immediate
               | payback - but chances are, they are more likely to be a
               | bit compassionate just by having the education.
        
             | Baader-Meinhof wrote:
             | City and community colleges exist, and are mostly free. But
             | for most people, colleges are more than just an education.
             | College is about signaling their aptitude. And so people
             | keep trying to pile into expensive private school for the
             | prestige.
        
               | brightlancer wrote:
               | > City and community colleges exist, and are mostly free.
               | 
               | Tuition, usually. Books, maybe. Room and board, ha!
               | 
               | As an anecdote, it cost less for one of my kids to go out
               | of state to a private college than in-state to a public
               | university; tuition at the public university would've
               | been free, but the private college offered scholarships
               | and financial aid that fully covered tuition and most of
               | on-campus room and board.
               | 
               | Sure, my kid could've gone to a community college and
               | lived at home, but the education would have been far
               | worse, food isn't free, and it's harder to build a
               | community when folks have to leave in the evening to
               | travel 30-60 minutes in any direction.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | samtho wrote:
         | I cannot imagine a more sinister, callus, and destructive way
         | to punch down on some of the most vulnerable people. 18 year
         | olds did not elect any of the people making these laws, every
         | adult before them parrots "go to college", financial aid
         | offices don't care what people do as long as they pay tuition,
         | etc.
         | 
         | But grants, you say! We can avoid loans. Not so fast. If your
         | parents made a certain amount, they are fully expected to pay a
         | certain amount for their now adult children to go to college.
         | To qualify for any aid, you need your parents' income,
         | demanding that A middle class family may still be fully
         | expected to pay multi-thousands of dollars. The student must
         | then take out loans to pay for the rest, which might be the
         | full amount.
         | 
         | This is certified, nonsensical, bullshit. No credit system in
         | history has been given the grace to royally fuck over
         | generations of students, saddling them with loans that cannot
         | be discharged, whose amount is effectively dictated by the
         | institution that is charging tuition. This is a scam at the
         | highest level, sanctioned by the federal government, and
         | perpetuated by every adult figure in the students' life.
        
           | hibikir wrote:
           | True, although I expect that the US healthcare system is more
           | than competitive if we consider its bad outcomes and overall
           | inefficiency per dollar spent.
           | 
           | Systems where there is competition, but where efforts are
           | made to make the service providers not really have big
           | advantages for cutting costs, will get you bad outcomes. It's
           | just unfortunate that avoiding needing healthcare, or going
           | into many careers without paying for the very expensive
           | college degree, is such a big gamble.
           | 
           | A fully public system would be very different. An
           | unsubsidized market system would also be very different.
           | Either one would be dramatically cheaper than what we have,
           | which gives us the worst incentives of both worlds.
        
         | mola wrote:
         | More likely cause is the mentality that says universities are a
         | for profit institutions That should squeeze as much as
         | possible. Instead of "socialist" subsudised school, you give
         | loans...
        
       | hatf0 wrote:
       | Can confirm. Currently attending a mid-tier public state school,
       | and I'm looking at ~1200/mo (2000/mo, including housing - living
       | w/ 3 roommates) out of pocket (since I'm trying to avoid taking
       | out loans as much as possible). I've worked up to 2 jobs at the
       | same time just to keep making ends meet. It's really rough out
       | there, and my degree program doesn't even begin to cover
       | fundamental CS concepts like P/NP-completeness, DFAs, etc. Waste
       | of money IMHO.
        
         | morsch wrote:
         | > It's really rough out there, and my degree program doesn't
         | even begin to cover fundamental CS concepts like P/NP-
         | completeness, DFAs, etc
         | 
         | Then it's presumably not a CS degree...?
        
       | mwerd wrote:
       | You have to look at net price not sticker price. faulty analysis.
       | better data here https://usafacts.org/articles/college-tuition-
       | has-increased-...
        
         | yardie wrote:
         | You only get the net price after applying and submitting a
         | FAFSA. The net price is only useful if you intend to go there.
         | It's functionally useless for any other purpose. If the price
         | says $100 then for most everyone it's $100.
        
           | mwerd wrote:
           | There are resources such as https://collegecost.ed.gov/net-
           | price to help with the information.
           | 
           | College prices are about as real as hospital prices. Sure,
           | some outliers literally pay that much, but the vast majority
           | receive a discounted price for various reasons. When you
           | factor in those discounts, the cost inflation is 2.5x instead
           | of 17x as the article suggests. It's more than a forgettable
           | idiosyncrasy. It's "how it works" and if the author of the
           | article doesn't mention it, they're either so ignorant as to
           | not be worth reading or they're being dishonest.
           | 
           | I thought it was important to give that context.
           | 
           | American higher Ed is often about prestige and branding. The
           | pricing strategy is similar to luxury goods.
        
           | aimor wrote:
           | The number of people where the net price =/= sticker price is
           | growing.
           | 
           | "In 2000, 44.4% of all undergraduates received grant aid,
           | whereas in 2016, that number increased to 63.1%."
        
           | sgustard wrote:
           | I was offered a $10k/year academic scholarship in my state
           | school offer letter, no application required.
        
       | spaceman_2020 wrote:
       | I studied a year abroad in a US public university back in 2008.
       | Annual tuition back then was around $10k. In local currency, that
       | was about 400,000.
       | 
       | Today, that tuition is $28k. But the dollar has also appreciated
       | so real cost in local currency is now 2,268,000 - an appreciation
       | of 467%.
        
       | samtho wrote:
       | This data is what I used to convince my parents were very much
       | anti-student loan forgiveness (we paid ours so you get to suffer
       | too), that a certain level of it is appropriate. I honestly don't
       | think a lot of people realize just how bad its gotten. Couple
       | this with the fact that somehow budget is limiting the number
       | classes being offered with the extra 1.5 semesters on average of
       | additional general education requirements, and you've created a
       | system that predates new adults, pushing them underwater from the
       | start. A bit ironic that we've had the lowest wage growth in 60+
       | years just as the cost to get a degree, the default requirement
       | for almost any job, skyrocketed. These loans students took out to
       | go to university cannot be dismissed and will follow you until
       | the day you die. This debt bondage of people just turning 18, is
       | pure horseshit. We supposedly outlawed indentured servitude but
       | it's still style alive and well, and our machiavellian, geriatric
       | congress in the US has offered nothing besides cruel
       | indifference, useless excuses, and is distracted arguing about
       | shit like drag performance and bathrooms? Like what the fuck.
        
       | mnd999 wrote:
       | Where's the money going? I'm not seeing evidence for 5x better
       | research outcomes.
        
       | TheCaptain4815 wrote:
       | I wonder why University Presidents/ Top Administrators get so
       | much less flak from politicians compared to CEOs, while probably
       | making decisions that further increase the University "profits"
       | all while many make $1mil/year+.
        
         | borissk wrote:
         | Because CEOs contribute and control a lot more money going to
         | lobbing and politician financing.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | funemployed wrote:
       | what happened in 1980?
        
         | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
         | Universities finally figured out what happened in 1971, and
         | started riding the Wall Street-Federal Government paper money
         | wave.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/
        
       | tkiley wrote:
       | a counterpoint to this narrative: grants/scholarships have been
       | rising rapidly, so actual net tuition prices are surprisingly
       | flat in recent years.
       | 
       | > Between 2006-07 and 2019-20, COA [cost of attendance] increased
       | by around 27% at both types of institutions, but declined by 7-8%
       | in the few years after that. The recent decline occurred because
       | colleges posted similar nominal COA increases as in the past, but
       | inflation was higher. Overall, COA increased by almost 20% over
       | those 16 years at both types of institutions.
       | 
       | > But average net prices rose at a considerably more modest pace.
       | Between 2006-07 and 2019-20, average net price increased by 13%
       | and 7% at public and private four-year institutions,
       | respectively. Those increases reversed in the post-COVID years.
       | Overall, average net prices are largely unchanged, adjusted for
       | inflation, compared to 2006-07.
       | 
       | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/college-prices-arent-skyr...
       | 
       | in the past 15 years in particular, the big story of college
       | pricing is that it has become more progressive, i.e. more
       | expensive for those with higher incomes.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | I can vouch for this. My daughter went to Yale. I paid the
         | "Yale tax" of 20% of my income. An that only because I made
         | more than $100K. Below $100K parental salary and it's free.
         | 
         | "List Price" is meaningless at university.
        
       | jibbit wrote:
       | There was a #1 hn submission some time ago about a theory of
       | how/why things have risen is price i.e. cost of educating a child
       | now vs 100 years ago, but exam results are no better, cost of
       | keeping someone in prison etc. but crime is no lower, etc. it
       | gave a name to the phenomenon. I would like to find it, if that
       | rings a bell with anyone..
        
       | mberning wrote:
       | If lenders actually had to evaluate their chances of getting paid
       | back what percentage of students do you think would not receive a
       | loan? 50%? We need to make student loan debt dischargable in
       | bankruptcy and the problem will be solved overnight. Lenders will
       | suddenly take a keen interest in determining which students are
       | serious and have a reasonable chance for success.
        
       | propercoil wrote:
       | I don't know anyone with half a brain who would believe real
       | inflation was only 194% during this whole time.
        
         | tlogan wrote:
         | Exactly. For example, house prices increased 7x. S&P 500 jumped
         | 11x.
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | We have two kids in the in-state university system which are
       | considered "affordable" relative to private colleges ($35k all in
       | for tuition/room/board/misc per student per academic year vs.
       | $65k-$85k) but are laughably expensive compared to almost any
       | other country in the world.
       | 
       | If we didn't set up 529 plans years ago loans would be our only
       | option to pay for the quarter of a million dollars required for
       | both of them. If they were in private colleges, the combined
       | outlay would be well over half a million dollars.
       | 
       | FWIW we did look at Canadian schools which may be affordable to
       | Canadians, but not to international students ... mid 40s pre-
       | Covid when my oldest was applying.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | As someone who had access to various feeds of people in the
       | university and their roles, well, the non-teaching staff numbers
       | just kept going up and up as compared to everything else.
       | Administrative bloat is real.
        
       | ochoseis wrote:
       | Anecdata, but graduated in '08 and it looks like the chart
       | roughly matches the doubling in tuition in the university I
       | attended since then.
       | 
       | I used loans to pay for my education, and one effect that has
       | from an individual level is that it really changes your appetite
       | for risk during the payoff. From a macro level it's probably nice
       | to have indebted young people motivated to work; however, I'm
       | sure it produces a lot fewer entrepreneurs willing to gamble on a
       | great idea.
        
       | glimshe wrote:
       | Did tuition grow that much more than inflation, or is _inflation
       | understated_?
        
         | unyttigfjelltol wrote:
         | Inflation is lumpy. This is the localized rate of inflation in
         | the higher education industry. As another commenter pointed
         | out, TVs have a much more favorable rate.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | There are two broad solutions to these kinds of problems: demand-
       | side and supply-side. This article is another data point in
       | exactly why demand-side solutions are short term if they work at
       | all. More likely they don't work.
       | 
       | A supply-side solution to education would be to create more
       | spaces in quality higher education and to make those places cheap
       | or free by government subsidy, often with price controls on the
       | receiving institution. This is largely how most of the developed
       | world works.
       | 
       | A demand-side solution is to make something more accessible,
       | which has the net effect of increasing demand. This almost always
       | raises prices. It's no surprise that money backed by the
       | government has increased prices. It's inevitable. Demand for
       | high-quality college places still exceeds supply so those
       | colleges can (and do) respond by increasing costs. Sometimes that
       | extra money benefits the students through better facilities (eg a
       | new library, better and/or more dorms, etc). Often however it's
       | lost in subsidizing college sports, which most colleges lose
       | money on, and inflating administrative costs. Division 1 football
       | coaches make millions a year for a supposedly amateur (that's
       | what one of the As in NCAA stands for) competition. That extra
       | money makes those programs more expensive to run too through the
       | same means.
       | 
       | We see the same problem in housing. Nearly all legislative
       | efforts are demand-side (eg programs to help first homebuyers)
       | where what we need is simply to increase housing supply by
       | building more units, making more current units available or both.
       | But that runs afoul of vested interests where our homes have
       | become retirement accounts.
       | 
       | It's worth noting that many elite colleges are sitting on eye-
       | watering endowments that could easily be used to pay for tuition
       | but they largely don't do that (outside of a few programs for
       | students from poorer backgrounds).
       | 
       | Pretty much all of this is by design. Post-WW2 there was a
       | concerted campaign to charge for things that were once cheap or
       | free including health care and education. This is nothing more
       | than economic bondage, the developed world's equivalent of
       | Pakistani brick kilns. A person saddled with debt is a compliant
       | worker who will show up to work and not complain or fight for
       | better working conditions. That's literally the point.
       | 
       | It's why the prison population is used as cheap labor. It's why
       | most states like illegal immigration. It's why states are
       | enacting child labor laws. My point is that all of this,
       | including spiralling student debt, is a systemic problem.
       | 
       | Education should be free.
        
       | RyanAdamas wrote:
       | Accreditation Boards
       | 
       | Textbook Publishers
       | 
       | University Tuition
       | 
       | It's a triangle scheme where one feeds the other and it's all
       | fueled by non-dischargeable government loans.
       | 
       | Student Loans are the hill to die on. As someone who isn't
       | eligible for Military Service, I don't get supplemental housing,
       | free healthcare, free college education, hiring preferences,
       | small business loan preferences, nor a lifetime of "OH THANK YOU
       | FOR YOUR SERVICE!!", and that's if you aren't one of MILLIONS of
       | Veterans gaming the VA disability system.
       | 
       | The military decided asthmatics and ADHD kids will forever be
       | second class citizens because we can't join the drunken sexfest
       | that is modern military service; which has essentially become a
       | daycare for 18-24 year-olds.
       | 
       | It's absolutely unconstitutional for the military to relegate
       | individuals to specific spectrums of society given how they were
       | born. I'm not gay so I guess that doesn't matter. But, who cares?
       | If the Constitution mattered we wouldn't be where we are today.
        
         | enono wrote:
         | sir this is a wendys
        
           | RyanAdamas wrote:
           | I can't downvote you, but the fact you find huge segments of
           | people being left behind and forced into predatory loans
           | simply for an education they should have received in high
           | school while the military industrial complex forces its
           | tendrils into every facet of American life funny, I can only
           | assume you realize how wrong it is and can't handle the
           | dissonance.
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | > can't join the drunken sexfest that is modern military
         | service
         | 
         | Wait, what did I miss?
        
           | RyanAdamas wrote:
           | Apparently you missed being social. Having worked with a
           | number of vets it's absolutely true.
           | 
           | Here, in case you missed this too:
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/11/19/36.
           | ..
        
       | borissk wrote:
       | Easy access to credit does that. You can see it in developing
       | countries. Once banks start offering mortgages to regular people,
       | home prices go up five or ten fold in a few years.
        
       | clusterhacks wrote:
       | I am beginning to believe that the root cause of tuition costs in
       | the US exceeding inflation is based much more on FOMO on the
       | benefits of college education rather than federal government
       | guarantees on student loans.
       | 
       | My claim is that buyers (parents+children) of college degrees are
       | maybe not behaving rationally with respect to cost.
       | 
       | High-cost schools position themselves as offering a "better"
       | outcome or opportunity to students. I'm really conflicted about
       | this viewpoint. I have two children in high school with one a
       | rising senior. So my family is discussing colleges and college
       | costs somewhat regularly. We have visited a small number of state
       | schools and a small number of smaller private universities and
       | colleges. The smaller schools do a VERY good job of selling extra
       | opportunities easily available to students. My experience is that
       | opportunities can be found by a motivated college student at any
       | institution but the small private schools seem to make it almost
       | hard for a student to NOT be involved in meaningful outside-of-
       | the-classroom options.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | The advantage of the larger school in my experience, is that
         | its like going to a dozen small schools at once. Plenty of
         | people I know where able to transfer from one good program to
         | another in a completely opposite field once they learned what
         | they actually liked (usually quite different than what you
         | imagined as a highscooler especially if your parents have no
         | concept of the field), because the school was large enough to
         | offer so many good options and departments with a lot of
         | interesting faculty. The class sizes are the same between big
         | and small schools anyhow for the most part, but you also have
         | an easier time scheduling classes (and taking certain ones "out
         | of season" if need be) at the larger school. It scales
         | horizontally rather than vertically as your student body
         | increases, big schools have the pockets to hire more faculty
         | and support more taships than smaller schools.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | clusterhacks wrote:
           | Agreed re: "large enough to offer so many good options and
           | departments." This is definitely a big pro in our opinion. It
           | is definitely true that smaller schools are more limited in
           | offerings than big schools. During visits, smaller schools
           | seem to carefully point out some flexibility in putting
           | together a more personal course-of-study to offset this . . .
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | I think you and GP are using different definitions of
           | "larger". One definition is "more programs". Another is
           | merely "more students".
           | 
           | Generally, go for the one with the lower student:teacher
           | ratio. My anecdote:
           | 
           | I and a friend both went to low ranked undergrad universities
           | (state schools). Mine, however, had a low student:teacher
           | ratio per class. Comparing notes with him, the main benefit
           | was that professors actually cared about teaching. The number
           | of students wasn't high enough to be a burden. They didn't
           | repeat the same HW and exams every semester. The number of
           | office hours per week per professor was 3-9 hours. They could
           | be that generous because there simply weren't enough students
           | to use up those hours.
           | 
           | We also didn't have TAs teaching any course.
           | 
           | (Also went to a top ranked university for grad school - very
           | few professors cared about teaching).
        
             | clusterhacks wrote:
             | Yep, I attended a lower-ranked state school for an
             | undergrad in CS and had a wonderful experience. Lots of
             | positive interactions with faculty in CS and math. My
             | undergrad school was also attended by a large population of
             | highly motivated students for historical reasons. I
             | stumbled into this school almost by accident and was really
             | happy with my student peer group because most were quite
             | ambitious.
             | 
             | I also then went to a well-known and ranked R1 university
             | for grad school. I didn't enjoy it very much but also
             | didn't match well with an advisor out of the gate. That
             | colored my experience significantly and in hindsight was
             | really mostly my fault.
             | 
             | Oddly enough, I returned to this school and work a somewhat
             | hybrid staff/research software engineer job and have been
             | here for more than a decade. Go figure.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | In the end college costs so much because people are willing to
         | pay, because they think it's a good investment. Generally they
         | have been right, college was the best investment you could
         | possibly make historically. Now it's just an average
         | investment, but the FOMO of not going puts it over the top.
        
           | clusterhacks wrote:
           | Good take.
           | 
           | We are questioning if it is even an average investment,
           | especially the truly high-cost and selective private schools
           | where tuition sits at $80,000+ contrasted with $30,000 at our
           | state's well-known and respected flagship university. The
           | extra $200,000 in costs is breathtaking to consider.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | In england we refer to this as "pulling up the ladder behind
       | you".
        
       | whyenot wrote:
       | Tuition and fees in California's CSU system are still only about
       | $8k per year. The CSU system provides a very good education, in
       | some ways better than the more prestigious UC system because
       | there tends to be more opportunities for direct contact with
       | instructors. In the sciences, there are often more research
       | opportunities and spaces for undergraduate students in labs. It's
       | a real bargain, and you can save even more money by doing your
       | first two years at a community college.
        
         | YeBanKo wrote:
         | Some of my favorite most professional colleges are from San
         | Jose State, which is a part of CSU. Obviously, it is anecdotal,
         | but I do see in them very practical no bullshit attitude, yet
         | strong theoretical fundamentals.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'm not seeing it explicitly defined but I assume this is the
       | standard asterisk: "In the United States" so I got curious what's
       | happening elsewhere.
       | 
       | Average annual tuition in Canada in 2006: CAD $4,400. 2023: CAD
       | $6,834. So I could see it also being in the ballpark of 710%
       | since 1983 as well.
       | 
       | https://www.statista.com/statistics/542989/canadian-undergra...
        
         | spacechild1 wrote:
         | Here in Austria the increase has been 0% :)
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | As a single datapoint, in 1983 MIT tuition hit $10K -- highest in
       | the nation according to a cartoon in the paper. It's currently
       | $60K (total cost estimated $80K) so 7X is about right.
       | 
       | However there's another way to look at it: over the summer I
       | would earn over $10K so roughly covered my tuition. Admittedly
       | that was at the high end of summer job compensation due to the AI
       | boom, but gives you a rough idea of where that tuition fee fit. I
       | finished school with no debt.
       | 
       | These days I doubt anyone is getting $50K for a summer job.
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Big tech and big-tech-competitive places will generally pay you
         | around $30k pre-tax for a summer job. But of course, most
         | college students don't have access to those jobs at all, let
         | alone for each summer in college.
        
         | jeron wrote:
         | >These days I doubt anyone is getting $50K for a summer job.
         | 
         | Enter Citadel: https://fortune.com/2023/06/28/wall-street-
         | citadel-summer-in...
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | More than Google!
           | 
           | It's possible some grad students in AI are getting that kind
           | of money these days. I was talking about my undergrad.
        
       | csw-001 wrote:
       | Viewed in this light, grade inflation really hasn't kept up.
        
       | deeg wrote:
       | I think another reason for the increase is that it's one of the
       | few industries where they can charge as much as possible. The
       | price is basically determined by:
       | 
       | Student: How much does it cost to attend your school?
       | 
       | University: How much do you have?
       | 
       | The base cost is some ridiculously high value and can be brought
       | down with grants/scholarships/loans, which are needs based.
        
       | octacat wrote:
       | It is getting expensive to live.
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | Could it be because in capitalism, the seller tries to take as
       | much money as possible from buyer and the price is not related to
       | expenses?
       | 
       | Let me give an example that can illustrate this: a typical mobile
       | plan from Verizon in US costs $45/month and gives you 15 Gb of
       | traffic. At the same time in Russia one can get 30 Gb for
       | $9/month. Are expenses for maintaining a cell network 5 times
       | higher in US? Unlikely. It is just customers in US are richer and
       | are ok to pay more for the same service.
       | 
       | I don't know how this effect is called, but couldn't the same
       | thing happen to education, land or housing costs? These are
       | obviously things that everyone needs desperately so the seller
       | will squeeze the maximum they can, and the price is unrelated to
       | how much the lecturer earns or how much the bricks cost. The
       | house will cost you almost all your life's earnings no matter
       | where you live.
        
         | atonse wrote:
         | Isn't Russia capitalist too? I'm confused but your comparison.
         | Sounds like you've just compared two markets without myriad
         | variables.
         | 
         | The fact that student loans are backed by the government would
         | in fact undermine this as a good example of a free market.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Almost every country is capitalist, including Russia. I
           | didn't try to compare capitalist vs non-capitalist countries,
           | I tried to show that in capitalist countries the price of
           | services is not related to expenses. In both countries mobile
           | providers use similar equipment which probably cost the same,
           | but the price they charge from consumers is significantly
           | different.
        
         | raz32dust wrote:
         | I was with you until "It is just customers in US are richer and
         | are ok to pay more for the same service." How did you reach
         | that conclusion? The other reason (which seems more likely to
         | me) is that it is because the free market is not functioning
         | because of monopoly/duopoly created by regulatory capture.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Let me explain. If a Russian mobile provider would ask
           | customers to pay $45 starting next month, then majority of
           | users would say: "No thanks, I don't really need mobile data
           | that much. Also by law you must provide us with free access
           | to VK (social network) anyway so it makes no sense to pay you
           | $45 for this". But is US, customers are paying and do not
           | complain, because for them it is not that big price. This is
           | what I meant by "customers are ok".
           | 
           | Yes, mobile providers market is not a free market, as there
           | are small number of companies both in US and in Russia. But
           | the price they charge customers is different in these
           | countries despite they use similar equipment which probably
           | has the same cost. So the difference in prices can be
           | explained by what people in different countries consider
           | "cheap" and "expensive". The provider charges as much as
           | possible, but less than a customer would consider "too
           | expensive".
           | 
           | And the same thing is about housing prices, they do not
           | really correlate with expenses to build them. It takes the
           | same amount of money to build an apartment in Moscow and in a
           | small city in Siberia, but the price for the buyer will be
           | very different.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Also, regarding houses and land prices, there is no monopoly,
           | but the prices are extremely high in large cities. So "it is
           | a monopoly" doesn't sound like an explanation, but "charge
           | the buyer as much as they can afford and a bit on top of
           | that" is more realistic. And as for education, there seems to
           | be no monopoly too.
        
       | rglover wrote:
       | A little anecdote that made me realize the college I went to was
       | running a racket:
       | 
       | I remember getting lunch freshman year and one day, the signs in
       | the student union cafeteria were printed on poster board and the
       | next they were flat screen TVs. When I asked the on duty manager
       | why, they just said "because it's more eco friendly."
       | 
       | My entire world view shifted in that moment.
        
         | mattmoose21 wrote:
         | I don't know if my world view would shift from an answer given
         | off the cuff by someone who is not an expert in that domain.
         | There are many rationales for switching to screens including
         | easier to update and may be seen as more up to date.
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | During the same period the house prices have risen 586%
       | 
       | I think the way we calculate inflation is kinda weird.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | I was thinking along similar lines. Overall cost of living as
         | certainly increased by more than 200% during that timeframe.
        
         | uejfiweun wrote:
         | Kinda weird? That's a nice way to say "total bogus". It strikes
         | me that the CPI is practically propaganda at this point, a way
         | to placate the citizens by saying "oh look inflation is fine",
         | distracting them from the mega-hyper asset price inflation that
         | has been happening over the past 40 years.
         | 
         | Suppose it kind of makes sense, since the rich control the
         | country, and they are the ones directly benefitting from the
         | asset price inflation.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Well, and wages haven't kept pace with inflation either. And I'm
       | sure other categories aside from tuition vastly outpace
       | inflation. Cost for health insurance for US folks, for example.
        
       | ursuscamp wrote:
       | I love all of the creative ways they use to exclude inflation
       | from the inflation statistics.
        
       | foolinaround wrote:
       | if we had to eat this elephant one bite at a time, one option to
       | consider is completely seperating sports from colleges?
       | 
       | What would be the impact? What are the drivers that could enable
       | youth to participate in sports run/administered by a 3rd party as
       | well as attend college?
        
       | johnny99k wrote:
       | It's because universities have no incentive to lower costs. The
       | majority of students get loans, which transfer to the university
       | and they don't really care if it gets paid back or not.
       | 
       | The only way this will stop is if the universities are forced to
       | take on the risk of the debt.
        
         | throw1234651234 wrote:
         | Students will stop attending at some point. Kind of like people
         | will stop paying markups on cars. Or it will become so
         | unattainable that the middle class will protest rising costs.
        
       | randcraw wrote:
       | My preferred solution is to establish an open university in the
       | US (or make it borderless), through which anyone can earn a
       | degree remotely for as little cost as possible -- like $5000 per
       | year or $20k per degree.
       | 
       | Georgia Tech and others have shown this is possible (see their 13
       | MS degree programs in engineering). Certainly by enlisting the
       | growing set of tools used for remote professional collaboration,
       | it should be possible to cover a wide variety of subjects,
       | especially if the staff is also remote (and not overpriced).
       | 
       | Compared to the $240K of almost all private colleges in the US, a
       | viable alternative that costs only $20k should quickly reset the
       | cost of advanced education to be a LOT more reasonable.
       | 
       | In addition, a cheap remote-only college system be a great
       | resource for many people who want to take college courses but
       | live nowhere near a full-time school, or who need retraining as
       | they change careers or advance professionally.
       | 
       | Really, this solution is long overdue.
        
         | notashillthrow6 wrote:
         | See:
         | 
         | - Western Governors University (WGU)
         | 
         | - Open University (OU)
         | 
         | Both online; both relatively cheap.
         | 
         | N.B. Georgia Tech's online masters programs are _professional_
         | masters and not _research /thesis_ masters -- so unless you are
         | getting paid by someone else to get them, they are almost
         | certainly a waste of money (and there is negative selection
         | pressure during hiring for people with these sorts of degrees).
        
       | hk__2 wrote:
       | Can we add "American" in the title? Not everyone on HN is from
       | the US.
        
       | fwungy wrote:
       | I watched the university I was in for graduate school add all
       | sorts of campus buildings, luxury apartments, and new
       | administrative titles and hierarchies. Handing out massive
       | contracts is a good job, but it's all borne on the students
       | backs, and most of that stuff was not necessary for a good
       | education.
       | 
       | They do a lot of catering to student egos too to get them in the
       | door - "ooh, you're so special and wonderful, we're going to help
       | you make it with our programs", knowing full well that most of
       | the degrees were garbage.
        
       | paulusthe wrote:
       | In the United States, the growth in spending on administrators
       | from ~2000-present is more than the combined growth of spending
       | on scholarships and professorships combined.
       | 
       | Academia in the US has become a business, and the business is
       | being run by the secretaries.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | From 1991 to 2013, federal student loan issuances increased from
       | $20 billion to over $100 billion (in 2013 dollars). And federal
       | tax expenditures related to education increased from $2.5 billion
       | to over $30 billion.
       | 
       | Growing tuitions are a predictable consequence of the federal
       | government subsidizing higher education systems that they don't
       | control (unlike state funding of state universities). The feds
       | should impose price controls on any institution that receives
       | federal funding (including from federal student loans):
       | https://prospect.org/education/case-for-higher-education-pri....
       | Otherwise, costs will predictably skyrocket.
        
         | sgerenser wrote:
         | I wonder if there's any data comparing tuition growth rates at
         | "normal" schools and those schools that don't accept federal
         | funding of any kind (including federal loans). There's not many
         | of them, and they're usually small, Christian-oriented
         | schools[0], but I'd be curious to see if there's actually any
         | obvious difference in growth rate. A quick google search didn't
         | come up with any data.
         | 
         | [0] https://deanclancy.com/a-list-of-colleges-that-dont-take-
         | fed...
        
         | f1yght wrote:
         | Isn't part of the issue that state and federal funding for
         | higher education hasn't kept up with costs, so the increase
         | just goes straight to the students paying?
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | The only service category that has outpaced higher education is
       | hospital services.
       | 
       | https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-or-century/
        
         | bmau5 wrote:
         | And interestingly both have predominantly grown in
         | "administrative" costs
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | If we get the government more involved in funding these
           | things directly, it can only improve the outcome.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Funding directly by issuing a blank check to the vendors?
             | No, it won't.
             | 
             | Funding directly by setting a price cap, and paying vendors
             | that amount for services rendered? Seems to work for
             | _almost every other developed country in the world_.
             | 
             | With the monetary savings of #2, it could even give every
             | medical student a fully free ride.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > Seems to work for
               | 
               | I love when someone says "seems to work". In the strict
               | sense, that only ever means "does something". Not
               | necessarily "does what someone wants"... and never "does
               | what I want".
               | 
               | When it works for those other countries, does it "do what
               | you want"? Because it doesn't "do what I want" at all.
               | 
               | > With the monetary savings of #2, it could even give
               | every medical student a fully free ride.
               | 
               | Won't someone think of the millionaire heart surgeons in
               | the 1%? They obviously needed free rides back when they
               | started, it's why they're only single digit millionaires!
               | 
               | > Funding directly by setting a price cap,
               | 
               | Starving the people you want to provide your medical
               | treatment isn't the brightest strategy. Increases to
               | price caps are always reactive, after they've been
               | complaining for years. The bureaucracy demands that it
               | take years more to raise the price caps. And by the time
               | that happens, they've been bleeding money the whole time.
               | It's a strong incentive for them to do all sorts of
               | things that you don't want... and if you do it for any
               | length of time at all, it trains them to do these bad
               | things so even if you realize the error of your ways and
               | withdrawn the bad policy, they keep on doing the bad
               | things.
               | 
               | Quite clearly, the problem with health insurance is that
               | we need a gigantic insurance company larger than any
               | other in history, and that it needs to be managed by the
               | paragons of competency, the federal government. Of
               | course, they'll need to staff up... and with all the
               | layoffs in the private insurance industry, we'll hire all
               | those empathetic, kind-hearted subject matter experts.
               | 
               | Should be the best thing ever. I can't possibly see
               | anything that might go wrong.
        
               | verteu wrote:
               | I suspect GP is referring to the fact that the US has the
               | one of the worst health outcomes per dollar spent vs peer
               | countries [1] [2].
               | 
               | If "better health outcomes per dollar" is not "what you
               | want" -- how come?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2022/07/how-does-the-us-
               | healthcare... [2] https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-
               | economic-issues-watch/wh...
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > If "better health outcomes per dollar" is not "what you
               | want" -- how come?
               | 
               | Because I don't confuse "individual" with "group".
               | 
               | The fallacy here is to tally up every dollar spent on
               | medical treatment in a given year, then saying "here we
               | spent X on medical treatment, but it could only be 0.7X
               | if the government were in charge".
               | 
               | But you never asked me how much I spent on medical
               | treatment. What if I spent 0?
               | 
               | Well then, your plan has me spending more than I used to,
               | to get me something I didn't want/need. It's not a good
               | deal for me. And if it's a good deal for someone else,
               | it's only because you shackled me up and made me work the
               | fields for their benefit. No thanks.
               | 
               | Even if I was the sort to engage in that non-sense, the
               | problem itself _is_ insurance. And that holds true
               | whether some private company (or many) is in charge of
               | the insurance, or the government is in charge of it. You
               | think BCBS rejects claims, but that the feds don 't
               | reject them? Wow, do I have a bridge to sell you.
               | 
               | When someone wants a good or a service, and they pay for
               | it themselves, they are price-conscious. When they don't
               | pay for it themselves (because the insurance company
               | does, or the government), they aren't price conscious.
               | But this encourages the goods-provider to raise their
               | prices... even discourages them from keeping them low.
               | Low prices signal low quality. This encourages the payers
               | to reject claims, then once more the goods-providers to
               | raise prices again to cover for all the rejected claims
               | (bonus if they can go after the goods-buyers for the
               | price too!).
               | 
               | And it all spirals out of control. There is nothing in
               | this mechanism that makes it less ridiculous if the
               | federal government owns the insurance company, and it is
               | the only insurance company permitted by law.
               | 
               | I take that back, there is one thing different. Now you
               | can introduce price caps, woohoo! That will certainly fix
               | the problem. Some committee 2000 miles away and months-
               | distance from the facts can magically determine a fair
               | price for all physicians and surgeons nationwide for some
               | procedure's medical code (not the procedure itself, these
               | are always unique... but the little alphanumeric codes,
               | nice and uniform so they fit in the database).
               | 
               | That definitely won't cause further meltdowns. Will it be
               | blamed on nefarious capitalists hiding in the woodpile?
               | Will it just be chalked up to disappointing reality
               | "there can be no other way"? Probably will depend on just
               | where we're at in the election cycle.
               | 
               | If you want to see prices drop (plummet really), outlaw
               | all insurance. Make people pay cash, out of pocket, for
               | everything. You starve if you can't sell your stuff to
               | people who want it, and if those people only have 1/100th
               | of what you used to ask, then you either learn to live
               | with the 1/100th, or you starve. No one gives out bank
               | loans for heart transplants.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | People making this argument tend to want 'better health
               | outcomes for millionaires/ _healthy_ white collar people
               | ', either because they are one, or they think they will
               | be one.
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | What I always point out is that _markets are a form of
               | rationing too_. They are just form where people with
               | money are allocated more goods than people without it,
               | sometimes to the total exclusion of large parts of the
               | population. Given that we set up polities for the common
               | good, I 'd argue that any necessity which markets fail to
               | deliver to everyone should use some other kind of
               | rationing strategy.
        
               | zer8k wrote:
               | The US's healthcare system is so bleak because we quite
               | literally fund healthcare for the rest of the planet.
               | Taxpayers in the US get access to the best treatment
               | decades earlier if they're rich enough. Prices are
               | increased on US citizens to account for the strong arming
               | other governments do to get prices lower for their
               | citizens. If the pharma companies couldn't do this, for
               | example, they'd refuse to negotiate with other countries.
               | A microcosm of this behavior is medicare here is the US.
               | Yes, the US taxpayers even have to be charitable to them.
               | 
               | IMO, if the US decided to actually help its citizens
               | every country the average progressive considers "great at
               | healthcare" would likely implode under the sudden
               | increase in cost. The cost of medication alone would
               | likely nearly bankrupt several governments. Imagine if
               | the price of insulin, almost completely funded by US
               | citizens paying absurd prices, went up to its US price.
               | 
               | Much like with defense, the US taxpayer is the hero of
               | the rest of the world's healthcare. Without US tax cattle
               | the rest of the world would not be as nice as it is. It's
               | just like when prices go up at your favorite store due to
               | theft. The US is punished by insurance companies because
               | other countries refuse to pay more.
        
               | verteu wrote:
               | This could only be true if the majority of the healthcare
               | spending diff came from payments to pharma/health dev
               | cos, right? Do you know whether that's the case?
               | 
               | If we're paying more for nurse salaries, hospital
               | administration, insurance company bureaucracy, and
               | ineffective procedures near end-of-life with low
               | probability of success, it's unlikely the cost diff is
               | mainly due to "subsidizing innovation."
        
               | leshow wrote:
               | Almost everything you have said here is untrue. Pharma
               | companies still make profits in other countries, they
               | just make much more profit in the US. Much of medical
               | research is in fact funded by the government to begin
               | with.
               | 
               | By removing the for-profit system, you would actually be
               | removing rampant rent-seeking on something that should be
               | a human right.
               | 
               | > Imagine if the price of insulin, almost completely
               | funded by US citizens paying absurd prices, went up to
               | its US price.
               | 
               | A very strange example to select, considering it was
               | first discovered by Canadians and the patent was later
               | sold for $1. US citizens are certainly not "subsidizing"
               | insulin elsewhere.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Won't someone think of the millionaire heart surgeons
               | in the 1%? They obviously needed free rides back when
               | they started, it's why they're only single digit
               | millionaires!
               | 
               | > Starving the people you want to provide your medical
               | treatment isn't the brightest strategy
               | 
               | Gosh, it's almost like I pre-empted the latter complaint
               | with the note that you've responded to above...
               | 
               | Expanding the number of doctors, and lowering doctor pay
               | and workload, and lowering the cost of becoming a doctor
               | will produce better health outcomes for everyone. Yes,
               | some people will stand to lose from this, just like the
               | current bloat of worthless administrators and billing
               | clerks and other paper-pushers will stand to lose from a
               | cleanup of the system.
               | 
               |  _I don 't care about their well-being._
               | 
               | > I love when someone says "seems to work". In the strict
               | sense, that only ever means "does something". Not
               | necessarily "does what someone wants"... and never "does
               | what I want".
               | 
               | > When it works for those other countries, does it "do
               | what you want"? Because it doesn't "do what I want" at
               | all.
               | 
               | This exact criticism can be levied on the current US
               | system.
        
               | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
               | > Expanding the number of doctors, and lowering doctor
               | pay and workload, and lowering the cost of becoming a
               | doctor will produce better health outcomes for everyone.
               | 
               | So go do it. No one's cockblocking you. Well, except the
               | AMA. Or are you saying that you'll only do this if you
               | get your socialized medicare-for-all quackery?
               | 
               | Wouldn't be shocked if it was held hostage like that, but
               | no thanks.
               | 
               | > This exact criticism can be levied on the current US
               | system.
               | 
               | I never said it worked. Wouldn't catch me saying that
               | ever.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Who knew providers would raise prices with wild abandon when
           | demand is firmly inelastic and debt without default risk is
           | liberally provided? /s
           | 
           | Hopefully states experimenting with universal higher
           | education legislation makes some improvement possible:
           | https://apnews.com/article/minnesota-legislature-college-
           | tui... ("Minnesota lawmakers reach deal for free college
           | tuition")
           | 
           | Note for this article that private colleges have the highest
           | drop out rate, and Minnesota's plan excludes such
           | institutions:
           | 
           | > Qualifying students would have to attend a two- or four-
           | year school in either the University of Minnesota or
           | Minnesota State systems, or a tribal college. Private college
           | tuition would not be covered.
           | 
           | > From 2008 through 2009, enrollment in private for-profit
           | colleges rose disproportionately compared to private non-
           | profit and public colleges. Private for-profit colleges have
           | extraordinarily high rates of default, near 16% of borrowers
           | default within 3 years.
           | 
           | https://educationdata.org/student-loan-default-rate
        
             | solarmist wrote:
             | Demand isn't fully inelastic. Many people are forgoing
             | college that would've gone 20 years ago. It's not huge yet,
             | but it is happening.
             | 
             | The rest of your point stands though.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Agreed, but they're forgoing college because they better
               | opportunities without acquiring the traditional
               | credential(s) due to a tight labor market, demographics
               | and older folks retiring making trades and non college
               | paths more lucrative, etc. The debt load is not worth the
               | potential opportunity benefit.
               | 
               | The whole "get a college degree if you want to be middle
               | class" scam is evaporating, which results in your
               | observation.
               | 
               | https://reason.com/2023/03/31/poll-most-americans-dont-
               | think...
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/skipping-college-student-
               | loans-tr...
        
           | hospitalJail wrote:
           | No no don't let the Physician cartel get out of this.
           | 
           | Year over year they get at least 5% pay increases with US tax
           | dollars. Not to mention, they get private pay increases by
           | weaponizing the ACGME to keep residency slots low.
           | 
           | Residency does not need to be paid. Outside of the Medical
           | industry, people pay for their college. For some reason
           | Physicians make tax payers pay for their education and a
           | decent salary.
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | Postdocs are paid, and that's basically what a residency
             | is. Or you can think of it as a co-op during a CS degree,
             | which is also paid.
        
               | hospitalJail wrote:
               | Postdocs/PhDs theoretically are supposed to be paid to
               | advance scientific knowledge.
               | 
               | Physicians are not advancing scientific knowledge.
               | 
               | Also a co-op during a CS degree isnt paid with taxes.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | I think I understand where you're coming from, but even
               | ignoring resident salaries the majority of other
               | healthcare spending is already government-funded, and in
               | my ideal world all of it would be, so it's hard for me to
               | be upset about this.
               | 
               | I don't understand your point about scientific knowledge,
               | in my mind keeping people alive is at least equally as
               | important as advancing scientific knowledge.
        
               | nathan_compton wrote:
               | > Physicians are not advancing scientific knowledge.
               | 
               | Yes, but they are providing a similarly valuable service.
               | And, in fact, almost all medical practice contributes to
               | the development of knowledge as well. Lot's of physicians
               | (even residents) write papers.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | PhD students are paid as well, at least in research
               | departments.
        
             | ralmidani wrote:
             | Medical school is education, and in the US it's
             | astronomically expensive (some people graduate with half a
             | million dollars of debt).
             | 
             | Residency is more like on-the-job training (a hospital
             | still makes money when a resident sees and treats you). It
             | just takes longer to train a physician because there are
             | human lives at stake.
             | 
             | Yes, teaching fellows and others in academia are often
             | taken advantage of and work for free, but that doesn't mean
             | physicians are evil for getting paid during residency.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | > a hospital still makes money when a resident sees and
               | treats you
               | 
               | Hospitals lose money on residencies. That's why there
               | aren't enough and the ones that do exist need to be
               | subsidized by the federal government.
        
               | ralmidani wrote:
               | I looked for a credible source for this claim. Hospitals
               | say they're losing money on residencies but there doesn't
               | appear to be an easy way to verify this. What if the
               | federal government is falling for/complicit in a big lie
               | (wouldn't be the first time, see PPP "loans" when COVID
               | started)?
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | How does this actually work? I have never worked in a
               | medical context and am ignorant of their internals so
               | this is a genuine question.
               | 
               | I _have_ been a patient going to a specialist appointment
               | where the only doctor I saw was a resident, and I don't
               | think I or my insurance were charged any less. So if
               | their work brings in the same amount of revenue for the
               | same services, and if resident often do a lot of hours (I
               | seem to recall several years ago their hours were capped
               | to not be _dangerous_ but are still a lot), and they're
               | paid less during their residency than after it ... why
               | _don't_ hospitals make money off residents? Is there some
               | training going on parallel to seeing/treating patients
               | which is really expensive?
        
               | hospitalJail wrote:
               | >It just takes longer to train a physician because there
               | are human lives at stake.
               | 
               | Airbags?
               | 
               | Our electrical infrastructure?
               | 
               | Our plumbing?
               | 
               | Please, there are plenty of of industries that have lives
               | at stake and we don't have a cartel controlling the
               | supply of people. The issue is that we don't have enough
               | Physician(By design), so they need to operate
               | independently. Any other industry has multiple layers of
               | qualified people checking to make sure things are safe.
               | 
               | I kind of dream of a world where you'd have 1 physician
               | and a physician manager and a physician director all
               | looking at your paperwork. Instead you get 1 total.
        
               | ralmidani wrote:
               | I don't want to trivialize the amount of work that goes
               | into airbags, electrical infrastructure, or plumbing.
               | 
               | However, the human body is much more complicated. Would
               | you trust the life of a loved one who, God forbid, has
               | cancer or needs surgery to a person with a fraction of
               | the education and training physicians receive?
               | 
               | By the way, I'm reminded of a joke: a doctor called a
               | plumber for a faucet leak. The plumber fixed it in 5
               | minutes and charged $175. The doctor said "how can you
               | charge that much for 5 minutes of work? I spend a whole
               | hour with a patient and charge less!" The plumber said
               | "that's exactly what I used to say when I was a doctor."
        
               | hospitalJail wrote:
               | > Would you trust the life of a loved one who, God
               | forbid, has cancer or needs surgery to a person with a
               | fraction of the education and training physicians
               | receive?
               | 
               | False dichotomy.
               | 
               | Right now the ACGME limits the number of residents. This
               | causes a lower supply, so instead of having 6 surgeons
               | working on you, you have 1-3. Do you only want a few
               | people fresh from residency working on you? Or a bunch of
               | physicians with various experience?
               | 
               | Also, plot twist, we own a medical company. (not
               | physicians, but a different cartel that is paid way less
               | and got a pay cut since 2016) You can treat 7 people per
               | 37 minutes, each paying between $40-$125. Physicians is
               | way worse, you can charge $250 for 5-10 minutes.
               | 
               | (Note that this ignores documentation costs/times, but it
               | should give you an order of magnitude to play with.)
               | 
               | We don't do that blatant 7 people per 37 minutes, its
               | more like 1 person per every 60 minutes, but as the
               | clinic grows we've had 2 people per 60 minutes out of
               | necessity. The hospital/other clinics do this.
               | 
               | I need to do an AMA on owning a medical clinic. My wife,
               | the primary doctor, isnt exactly happy that I bite the
               | hand that feeds. We already lost our chiropractor
               | referrals because I couldn't handle their mysticism and
               | spoke out against it.
        
             | wefarrell wrote:
             | Average medical school costs are ~230K.
             | 
             | Residency is not college, residents are practicing
             | physicians that are providing considerable value to society
             | and in many cases they are paid appallingly little for the
             | amount that they work.
        
           | RoyGBivCap wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | ye-olde-sysrq wrote:
         | How cheap TVs are is unreal. I was looking at the display TVs
         | at Target and the largest one was only about a grand, maybe a
         | touch less. Ridiculous how big of a panel, complete with
         | "smart" OS and etc, you can get for <=1k.
         | 
         | (Mind you, I know "largest" doesn't mean most expensive usually
         | - indeed the most expensive TV was "only" 65" but was still
         | <$2k.)
         | 
         | Capitalism has certainly worked really well for this one
         | specific consumer good.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Yeah it's weird explaining it to my kid:
           | 
           | "When dad was your age, TVs cost a heck of a lot of money,
           | had terrible resolution, took several grown men to carry, and
           | were almost as deep as they were tall"
           | 
           | "Last year I carried home a larger TV with 40x the number of
           | pixels by myself, and paid for it with one day's work"
        
           | hospitalJail wrote:
           | The US medical industry is the opposite of capitalism. Heck,
           | most of our budget goes to Medicare and Medicaid.
        
             | brummm wrote:
             | No it's not. It's a state facilitated oligopoly situation,
             | which is the ideal end state for any industry as part of
             | capitalism short of a monopoly. Guaranteed high income for
             | everybody involved and disruption essentially not possible.
        
           | spondylosaurus wrote:
           | It probably helps that smart TVs provide one of the most
           | lucrative environments for selling ads... although tbh I
           | don't know if the hardware manufacturers get any kickback on
           | that, but the people who develop the software where ads are
           | shown almost certainly do.
        
             | delfinom wrote:
             | They all develop their own smart tv functionality,
             | originally at least. That was how they captured that ad
             | revenue. The Vizio CEO actually stated the margins were
             | non-existent but made up on the smart tv garbage.
             | 
             | There obviously is a different arrangement when you have
             | companies like TCL putting in Google TV.
        
           | skyyler wrote:
           | With TVs specifically, aren't their costs subsidized by the
           | SmartOS features?
        
           | boeingUH60 wrote:
           | Same with laptops and PCs. I'm actually in awe of how cheap
           | they've become. For sub-$500, I can get a high-performing
           | work laptop that pays for itself over and over again.
        
         | hospitalJail wrote:
         | I wonder why...
         | 
         | https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/top-spenders?cy...
         | 
         | The medical cartels need to be destroyed.
        
         | koube wrote:
         | I generally see charts like this in relation to Baumol's cost
         | disease, I'm surprised the linked article never mentions
         | Baumol, but goes on to talk about government regulation and
         | foreign competition.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect (See also section
         | on education
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect#Education)
         | 
         | Basically as scalable goods and services get cheaper, non-
         | scalable goods and services become relatively more expensive.
         | In terms of hospital services and college tuition, this is a
         | much more intuitive explanation than government regulation,
         | although I'm open to more informed opinions.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | Thanks for pointing this out -- I've heard some people back
           | this claim, but I still find it confusing.
           | 
           | In a graph in that wikipedia article, we see that from
           | 1998-2018, average hourly earnings increased by less than
           | 100%, but tuition increased by more than 150%. If wages for
           | university staff (who aren't becoming more productive) are
           | rising to match wages for those who _are_ becoming more
           | productive, why should tuition costs rise significantly
           | faster than the rise in other wages?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect#/media/File:Pric.
           | ..
           | 
           | Further, one statement in the education section sounds right
           | to me:
           | 
           | > The economists Gary Rhoades and Joanna Frye went further in
           | a 2015 study and argued that the Baumol effect could not
           | explain rising tuition costs at all, as "relative academic
           | labor costs have gone down as tuition has gone up".
           | 
           | And we know there's a trend towards shifting teaching
           | responsibilities from tenure-track faculty to cheaper
           | adjuncts. And from anecdata, I get the impression that in the
           | humanities especially, salaries _are_ quite low and raises
           | are currently below inflation.
           | 
           | And my understanding is also that the trend at many schools
           | is towards larger classes e.g. when UC Berkeley increased the
           | freshman class size by a third, there was not an across-the-
           | board increase for departments to hire a proportional
           | increase in faculty and staff, nor did existing faculty and
           | staff get a raise ... so the same people are asked to just
           | teach larger classes (does that count as a productivity
           | increase?), and students just get less interaction with their
           | professors.
        
             | relaxing wrote:
             | Much of the money is going to construction or capital
             | improvements, i.e. shiny new buildings.
             | 
             | Now look at the board of trustees of your local University,
             | and play spot the construction firms...
        
           | extrapickles wrote:
           | If Baumol was solely the reason for increased prices, I
           | expect the increase to be more in line with the increase in
           | prices for hiring tradespeople or other professional
           | services.
        
             | theptip wrote:
             | FWIW Alex Tabarrok (economist) wrote a small book analyzing
             | this and came away with the conclusion that it's mostly
             | Baumol; if you're interested in a deeper dive:
             | 
             | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/FCMfToFnRXhsfpfQB/book-
             | revie...
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Cost disease can't be the primary cause here. Cost disease
           | happens when wages need to rise for people who have jobs that
           | cannot become more efficient. But the wages of people
           | teaching college courses have not gone up 710%. In fact, more
           | and more of the teaching work is being done for lower pay and
           | with more ruthless efficiency through the use of adjuncts or
           | teaching faculty who teach 5/5s or worse.
        
           | cosmojg wrote:
           | Is that lack of scalability in hospital services and
           | education completely inevitable due to the constraints of
           | reality or is it mostly artificial? For example, would
           | completely uncapping medical residencies increase the supply
           | of doctors enough to significantly reduce the rate at which
           | medical costs increase?
        
         | naijaboiler wrote:
         | People forget that fundamentally, these are services that
         | become relatively more expensive over time (as other things get
         | relatively cheaper). Both healthcare and education don't really
         | benefit from cost-reduction from scaling. At the end of the
         | day, its still one service provider to few service consumers.
         | Productivity in that sense is unchanged in 30 years. Meanwhile,
         | consumer goods can continue to drop precipitiously with
         | technology and scale. As technology improves productivity in
         | other sectors, Net result over time, is that things like
         | healthcare and education and other services which don't scale
         | will continue to get relatively even more expensive (i.e. grow
         | faster than inflation).
        
           | ed312 wrote:
           | Hopefully AI starts to bend the cost curve. Just like a huge
           | chunk of doctor visits could be handled by a nurse/NP,
           | probably AI could do a lot of triage work and/or improve
           | labor productivity.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | I'm actually confused about the healthcare situation -- is it
           | actually getting more expensive relative to the benefits?
           | I've heard so many times that a bunch of surgeries that used
           | to have really long recovery times can now be done on an out-
           | patient basis, or laproscopically, and that some things which
           | used to require surgery can now be treated with medication.
           | Isn't that productivity growth? Even if the cost per day in
           | the hospital goes up, if the same or better patient outcomes
           | can be achieved with fewer/shorter hospital stays, that
           | sounds like patients are "winning"?
        
         | pastor_bob wrote:
         | Most of the 'service' industry is subsidized by cheap foreign
         | labor. Harder for Schools and Hospitals to hire
         | illegal/unskilled workers.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Are you kidding me? Half the faculty at any college, no
           | matter the price, are adjuncts, who earn $2500 or so PER
           | CLASS PER SEMESTER, while the 30 students in that class are
           | charged $2500 EACH for that class. It's as close as you can
           | get to free labor for knowledge work, basically the original
           | Gig economy; Uber for teaching.
        
         | drunner wrote:
         | Related: https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-
         | administrati...
         | 
         | I always thought the issue was in admin body count. However,
         | just picking the largest universities in Germany and US on
         | wikipedia we see:
         | 
         | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Academic staff: 5,565
         | Administrative staff: 8,208 Students: 51,606
         | 
         | Michigan State University Academic staff: 5,703 Administrative
         | staff: 7,365 Students: 49,809
         | 
         | Those look pretty comparable, so what is going on?
        
           | solarmist wrote:
           | Limited budget vs uncapped budget.
           | 
           | The way student loans are structured is the cause.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Are adjuncts included in those numbers? Universities use a
           | ton of contract labor to teach classes and those adjuncts
           | aren't actually employees.
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | Michigan state is a public university, which generally aren't
           | as bad because their mission tend towards providing low cost
           | education to residents.
           | 
           | Stanford University, for example: Academic staff: 2,279;
           | Administrative staff: 15,314, Students: 17,246 - that's
           | basically 1:1
           | 
           | A less prestigious private university like University of
           | Southern California: Academic staff: 4,706; Administrative
           | staff: 16,614; Students: 49,318 - that's about 1:2.5
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | _But_ both of those universities are quasi-private (I don
             | 't consider any university to be truly private unless
             | proven otherwise) so it's less of a concern. That being
             | said w.r.t administrative staff some of those staff may be
             | research scientists that work with academic staff, or maybe
             | they're dual-employed at Meta and Stanford, or something
             | like that.
             | 
             | You have to really break down the administrative staff
             | number (if that's what's of concern here) to see what
             | people are doing to make an informed argument (not saying
             | you are making an uninformed argument or anything like
             | that).
             | 
             | -edit-
             | 
             | For a while I was in on the administrative staff thing and
             | I certainly think there is bloat and just flat out
             | incompetence at many universities in this area, but I also
             | think it's a bit of a red herring to avoid other issues
             | like funding reductions, etc.
        
       | kzrdude wrote:
       | What happens if you compare with real estate prices?
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | Imagine if banks didn't have to worry about if you could afford
         | to pay the loan or not. Every loan would be approved. House
         | prices would sky rocket.
         | 
         | This sounds a lot like 2008 housing crash, among others.
        
       | MostlyStable wrote:
       | I couldn't tell from the article or the chart: is that sticker
       | price of tuition or actual paid price? Because those 2 things are
       | _very_ different. It is true that in either case, tuition has
       | outpaced inflation, but I'm skeptical that actual paid tuition
       | has increased by _that_ much.
        
       | japhyr wrote:
       | I would love to know how other HN parents are thinking about
       | postsecondary education for your kids. I started undergrad in
       | 1990, and I have a 12yo now.
       | 
       | I understand financial planning, but I'm having a hard time
       | wrapping my head around how to think about college. Does anyone
       | have insight beyond "Don't pay a tuition amount that's out of
       | line with likely earnings"?
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | Universities are heavily subsidized industries with little or no
       | oversight.
       | 
       | Any other industry has all kinds of regulations and consumer
       | protections they have to comply with.
       | 
       | A university is allowed to sell degrees to unsophisticated
       | buyers, and if the degree is worthless, they are not on the hook.
       | Who else can do that?
       | 
       | Universities never experience recessions or any other kind of
       | contraction, so they never have to shed dead weight. The
       | administrator to student/faculty ratio is way out of whack.
       | 
       | Student loans should be guaranteed by the university, not by the
       | government. If the university has enough confidence in admitting
       | a person and conferring a degree, they should stand behind it.
        
       | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
       | The problem isn't just that the government is backing the loan
       | program and forcing borrowers to pay. The government also allowed
       | tuition rates to rise. Colleges and Universities increased the
       | price of tuition because they were allowed to.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Much better data on changes in published and net tuition paid
       | over time...
       | 
       | https://research.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/trends-in-colleg...
        
         | secabeen wrote:
         | Yes, thank you. The OP analysis is terribly naive. Nameplate
         | tuition has little relationship to what actual students pay.
         | The net data from the college board is much better, and shows
         | that actual tuition paid at many schools is flat over the past
         | decade.
         | 
         | The OP also barely acknowledges the huge reductions in state
         | funding for higher ed. In the 60s California paid 100% of
         | educational costs for students. It's now down below 40%.
         | Tuition has gone up to close the gap.
         | https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/fancy-dorms-arent-the-m...
         | 
         | > Long-term, controlling the underlying cost of higher ed
         | itself is an imperative.
         | 
         | Nothing in the OPs analysis supports any increase in the
         | underlying cost of higher ed. While there may be some, it's
         | well well below the nameplate tuition increases. Here's the
         | best data I have on expenditures by college on a per Full-
         | Student basis, and they are nowhere near what the OP is
         | claming:
         | https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_334.10.a...
         | 
         | Lastly, while the argument for some student debt relief is a
         | good one, and his points are well made, the correct policy is
         | Biden's, a universal reduction in debt in the $20-30k range.
         | This gives all students some relief, but doesn't give a
         | regressive windfall relief to doctors, lawyers and other
         | professional students with good career prospects and six-figure
         | debt.
        
       | rokkitmensch wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | jxramos wrote:
       | I was just asking colleagues at work in response to the supreme
       | court ruling on the student debt forgiveness stuff whether or not
       | they experienced yearly tuition increases every single year they
       | were enrolled--straight monotonic increase. I got many yes
       | emoji's tagged onto that post so I knew I wasn't the only one. I
       | can only imagine that treadmill never stopped for people.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | Universities are the gatekeepers for good white-collar jobs, and
       | will charge whatever the market will bear, which is quite a lot.
       | Government subsidies are absorbed as pure profit. The money goes
       | into cushy salaries for administrators and empire-building,
       | specially in real estate.
        
       | I_am_tiberius wrote:
       | Stating that inflation is at 194% can be misleading - it all
       | depends on which products you include in your calculation. It
       | might be more meaningful to differentiate between predictable and
       | measured inflation. Predictable inflation should be defined as
       | the increase in the money supply, while measured inflation could
       | refer to the currently published figures.
        
       | preommr wrote:
       | Others have mentioned the proble of government backed loans, but
       | the whole higher education system is broken.
       | 
       | People are going in to get a degree with a job, meanwhile there's
       | a whole bunch of administrators and people that think
       | universities should be for rounding out your knowledge so you're
       | required to pay thousands more for courses not needed for your
       | degree. If we really wanted to, I am sure we could condense a
       | bachelors down to 1-2 years with 2-3 years of practical learning
       | in the field.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | The rounding out is absolutely intentional. If we want
         | certificate programs that are shorter and career-focused, those
         | already exist.
        
       | 300bps wrote:
       | Harvard has 2,000 students per year and a $50 billion endowment.
       | 
       | That is enough to refund $500,000 to every student they've had
       | for the past 50 years.
       | 
       | Why are universities hoarding so much money?
       | 
       | https://www.highereddive.com/news/how-20-largest-college-end...
       | 
       | Why are universities hiring so many administrators in relation to
       | professors and students?
       | 
       | https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/one-culprit-in-ris...
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | Harvard admits 2,000 undergraduates per year, but it has almost
         | 3x as many graduate students as undergraduates. As far as
         | private universities go, Harvard is a really big school.
        
       | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
       | We are seeing the perverse incentives of subsidized and free
       | education. There are few barriers to increasing the cost of
       | something if neither the consumer or supplier have sensitivity to
       | cost at the time the purchase is made. And loans defer the pain
       | for students in a way that makes them basically insensitive to
       | the eventual cost of their education.
       | 
       | People react to incentives. Systems react to incentives. America
       | has been ignoring this for 50 years.
        
       | chmod600 wrote:
       | The only thing that keeps a system functional is external
       | pressure. Otherwise it will _always_ turn into some weird messed
       | up versions of itself that satisfies none of the original
       | objectives but is somehow larger than ever.
       | 
       | Universities used to be separate systems, and you could opt out
       | of one and into another, and most people wouldn't even go to one
       | at all. But now they are basically all parts of one whole (within
       | the US, at least) and everyone is going and the universities are
       | all failing in the same way.
       | 
       | It could be financial, but I think it's because of the academic
       | track and social status.
       | 
       | There's a consensus that college is good and will turn you into a
       | professional leader with a nice job title that reflects elite
       | values (which happen to be a certain kind of liberal but it's
       | more about social status than politics philosophy). But it turns
       | out the world only needs so many Environmental Justice Media
       | Liaisons, so the universities are just making up these job titles
       | to absorb their own graduates.
       | 
       | Of course, that doesn't work well financially, so they pay them
       | nothing for as long as possible and then close to nothing after
       | that, and crank up the tuition promising the next batch the same
       | deal.
       | 
       | The students put up with it because it's hard to evaluate the
       | numbers that they can actually expect from such a ridiculous job,
       | and because it sounds like a cool (or at least acceptable) job
       | title to announce at parties. The fact that a plumber makes three
       | times as much is not worth acknowledging.
        
       | Bloating wrote:
       | this is corporate greed, end-stage capitalism and Bush's fault.
       | Or is it Trump's fault? And Elon Musk's mgmt of twitter
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Main cause: Government-backed student loans.
       | 
       | While it is technically the student paying, in reality the money
       | is going (indirectly) from the federal reserve to the
       | universities.
       | 
       | Everyone loves free government money...
       | 
       | The fact the student may never pay off those loans (and hence the
       | government foots the bill) is the cherry on top.
        
         | drew-y wrote:
         | Got a source for that claim?
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Common sense?
           | 
           | Government (taxpayers) underwrite unlimited amounts to
           | uninformed buyers paying informed sellers.
           | 
           | I am a seller (college boss), and I can boost my own income,
           | and I know I have no competitive pressure to keep prices
           | down, so why not increase the college budget and spending,
           | hence justifying tuition increases.
        
             | drew-y wrote:
             | Common sense is often wrong. I haven't found any reliable
             | source yet that even mentions the availability government
             | loans as being a driving factor. Based on the limited
             | research I've done over the last few minutes, the main
             | drivers appear to be:
             | 
             | 1. A large increase in demand for College. I could imagine
             | this may be, in part, due to more accessible student loans.
             | But it appears that many factors have come into play, and
             | the main one is the perception that you cannot get a
             | liveable wage in this country without a college degree.
             | 
             | 2. Less funding from state governments
             | 
             | 3. Increased spending in administration and student
             | services unrelated to education.
             | 
             | Here are the sources I've read through so far.
             | https://www.bankrate.com/loans/student-loans/why-is-
             | college-... https://manhattan.institute/article/a-new-
             | approach-for-curbi...
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Based on the limited research I've done over the last
               | few minutes, the main drivers appear to be:
               | 
               | All your drivers cannot cause a price increase if an 18
               | to 25 year old cannot get unlimited funding from a lender
               | to make a stupid decision.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | 3 is a side effect, not a primary effect.
               | 
               | In 1 you're talking about a self-reinforcing effect. "I
               | have to put on makeup to look pretty because everyone
               | puts on makeup to look pretty". When everyone believes
               | it, it becomes true.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Common sense is horseshit. You know what was common sense
             | in the 1600s? A gentleman is clean, so he doesn't need to
             | wash his hands between cutting open a corpse and delivering
             | a baby, and oh gee why do so many women get awful
             | infections after childbirth?
             | 
             | Common sense is the rallying cry of people who cannot
             | backup their claim by other means.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | Because it is not 'free'. It puts students in debt.
             | 
             | You are boosting your income by exploiting students through
             | usury.
             | 
             | Lets say there is no government, then where was the
             | 'competitive' pressure? How does government loans take away
             | competition? Did they close schools to eliminate the
             | competition?
        
               | lr4444lr wrote:
               | Good faith reading is that he means its risk free to the
               | school, because they get paid up front even if the
               | student doesn't graduate, much less earn enough to pay
               | back his loan.
        
           | __loam wrote:
           | The article this post was about?
        
             | drew-y wrote:
             | The article does not support this claim.
             | 
             | The claim: > Main cause: Government-backed student loans.
             | 
             | I've read the article. It discusses student loans and how
             | they've skyrocketed, but never makes the claim that their
             | availability is the cause. Instead, it argues a t change in
             | America's "labor profile" is to blame for the rise in
             | demand (which, in turn, leads to higher tuition):
             | 
             | > Rising enrollment is also associated with a changing US
             | labor profile; for example, manufacturing jobs were
             | eclipsed by "business and professional services" jobs as
             | well as healthcare, education, and retail jobs.
             | 
             | Going further, the author suggests we need to
             | forgive/cancel the student loans:
             | 
             | > These loans should be forgiven/cancelled
             | 
             | To me, this implies the author does not believe federal
             | student loans are to blame.
        
           | ye-olde-sysrq wrote:
           | Googling it provides a quick-answer box that states this
           | claim and provides a source:
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=what+percent+of+student+loan.
           | ..
           | 
           | 92% Federal student loans make up the vast majority of
           | American education debt--about 92% of all outstanding student
           | loans is federal debt. The federal student loan portfolio
           | currently totals more than $1.6 trillion, owed by about 43
           | million borrowers.
           | 
           | I think it's then pretty fair game for a forum comment to
           | then suggest there's a causal relationship between "an entity
           | that can print the currency that denominates the debt is
           | backing the debt" and "this drives the price of the thing up
           | due to easier access to funding for it".
        
         | dpierce9 wrote:
         | I will say it again:
         | 
         | Private high school costs have also gone up astronomically and
         | there are no federal loans for them.
         | 
         | [0] https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-private-school
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | Neoclassicalists will Always point at the government as the
           | Only possible cause of the market not working.
           | 
           | It's pure ideology. They have the exact same answer every
           | time regardless of circumstances, like some evangelical
           | responding to every question with "god".
           | 
           | It's not economics, analysis, reason or anything like that -
           | it's pure orthodoxy and blind dogmatism. They're Hayekian
           | tankies.
        
             | 0xParlay wrote:
             | > It's not economics, analysis, reason or anything like
             | that - it's pure orthodoxy and blind dogmatism.
             | 
             | It would be rich if the data in the article in no way
             | supported your rant.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | It doesn't.
               | 
               | Just like the evangelicals see God in every leaf and
               | water drop, the neoclassicalists will read any evidence
               | and always see the same conclusion.
               | 
               | The article doesn't blame government at all. It's way
               | more nuanced but ideologues will only see what they want
               | to see.
        
               | 0xParlay wrote:
               | I was talking about the "average cost of private school"
               | data. Which part is a slam dunk on "neoclassical" econ?
               | Or even the original article. I'm not disagreeing just
               | curious how you came to that conclusion.
               | 
               | The data linked above suggests Catholic schools are the
               | most affordable. Priors confirmed - theocracy is the only
               | way forward.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | I was responding to an author in the thread, not to the
               | author of the article.
               | 
               | Catholic schools are financially structured in rather
               | unique ways. They're controlled by clerical orders which
               | are technically financially independent from the Vatican,
               | kind of like a franchise.
               | 
               | Together, the institutions under a specific clerical
               | order operate collectively kind of like a cooperative so
               | money flows around differently than most schools.
               | 
               | Weirdly, schools that used to be but no longer are
               | religious seem to now be some of the most expensive. For
               | instance, Tufts, USC and Yale.
               | 
               | The rise in tuition is because college has been
               | increasingly seen as a personal, private transaction and
               | not as a social good.
               | 
               | This reframing of the institution as a market based
               | services purchase is the rationale for the policies that
               | have caused all the other problems
               | 
               | Catholic schools might also be cheaper because these
               | clerical orders are ostensibly tasked with social welfare
               | so they are still partially operating under the old model
               | before the Milton Friedman mind virus.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bitshiftfaced wrote:
           | This says that the average private highschool tuition is
           | $15,645.
           | 
           | In 2003, the average private highschool tuition was $8,412
           | (Snyder, Dillow, & Hoffman, 2008), or $14,079 (in today's
           | dollars).
           | 
           | Please correct me if I've made some mistake, but plugging
           | those numbers in shows that the annualized real increase in
           | price is 0.5% per year over 20 years.
        
             | dpierce9 wrote:
             | The first bullet says: "$23,839 is the average annual
             | tuition among the nation's private K-12 schools."
        
           | stri8ed wrote:
           | What is the rate of increase, and how does it compare to CPI
           | inflation?
        
             | dpierce9 wrote:
             | There is a chart at the bottom. Costs doubled over twenty
             | years since 1999, directly comparable to the college rate
             | over the same period and well above inflation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | This said nothing about the number of seats in private
           | schools versus public ones. If there are very few then we
           | should expect private costs to increase dramatically as
           | public costs increase. Not every student gets public loans,
           | some students come from wealthy families that have other
           | means of financing. If public is $100k, then these families
           | would still likely choose the $120k private school for better
           | outcomes. There is no reason for private to stay cheap.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | I believe this is no accident. The government wants a world
         | class education system and leading research.
         | 
         | They _could_ just give money direct to universities - but then
         | it 's hard to ensure they're getting good value for money.
         | 
         | But by giving it to students to in turn give to universities
         | they get better value for money.
         | 
         | One day someone has to pay for that - and the students paying
         | it back via loan repayments isn't awfully different to citizens
         | paying it back via taxes. But with the student route everyone
         | is more invested in getting good value for money. And non-
         | university users (who tend to be the poorest) don't end up
         | paying. Win win.
        
           | scinerio wrote:
           | A world-class education system where you can leave the $200k
           | in debt and never exceed $100k in income.
           | 
           | We're at a point where going into college for non-STEM degree
           | can (and likely will be) one of the biggest mistakes of your
           | life.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | But if the government paid for it, you would never _see_
             | the $200k in debt. But you 'd still be in debt - it would
             | just be government debt. And as a citizen, your
             | government's debt is still kinda your problem.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | If it is 'free', then why are students in debt and liable for
         | it?
         | 
         | (and don't confuse the issue with current debt relief bill. The
         | current bill has not been in effect since 1983, it is trying to
         | give relief for this situation, not causing it).
        
           | scinerio wrote:
           | It's free for universities who can rest easy knowing that if
           | students don't pay then it doesn't affect them.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | Ah, free in the sense that the University got its money and
             | can now ignore any consequences?
             | 
             | It is NOT free to the student who is definitely affected.
             | They are in debt and now crippled. But the university got
             | it's money.
             | 
             | If you want to blame the government. Why is it the
             | governments fault that Universities are now behaving like
             | scammers and charging more for less and leaving the
             | 'customer' stuck.
             | 
             | ----
             | 
             | Lets say I go to a used car salesman, and they want to
             | cheat me.
             | 
             | Lets say (before 1983) I would pay 2000$ for the car, but
             | I'm scammed and out 2000$. I lost 2000$
             | 
             | Lets say figuratively now it is (2020), and I can't afford
             | the car, so a rich uncle co-signs, and give me 30,000$.
             | 
             | I still get cheated, but now I'm out more money, AND now
             | I'm in debt to my uncle (who lets say wants some 'payment'
             | I feel uncomfortable performing).
             | 
             | The used car salesman is a cheat either way, for lesser
             | money or more money, and either way they got my money.
             | 
             | And I'm in debt and blowing my uncle until it is paid off.
             | 
             | In the end, I (the student) am stuck. Is it my uncles
             | fault? Is it the crooked salesman? Maybe my uncle didn't
             | know the salesman was a cheat either (but like a bank, does
             | want something in return)? Should I know the salesman was a
             | cheat? Maybe I'm young and just starting out in life and
             | not sure about the warning signs? Should we allow the young
             | and in-experienced to be exploited?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Why is it the governments fault that Universities are
               | now behaving like scammers and charging more for less and
               | leaving the 'customer' stuck.
               | 
               | Because the government is not doing its due diligence as
               | a lender, because current voters and government employees
               | have no problem soaking future taxpayers. And crippling
               | uninformed 18 year olds' futures.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | > "Because the government is not doing its due diligence
               | as a lender"
               | 
               | That is called regulation, and once you start putting in
               | regulations, then everyone starts screaming about big
               | government and over-regulation. There is no winning, put
               | in protections and you are some big government commie
               | bastard, don't put in protections and you are heartless
               | and ineffectual.
               | 
               | And, I dare say, banks even in other areas where they
               | could lose money (2008 real-estate), are just as eager to
               | reel people in and ignore bad loans.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | No, I would not call that regulations. Typically,
               | regulations refers to the government restricting or
               | requiring business activity.
               | 
               | The government offering loans in the first place is
               | regulation, and choosing not to do underwriting is part
               | of that regulation.
               | 
               | I.e. the government regulated that they would lend tens
               | of thousands of dollars to any student, so student A can
               | no longer bargain with the school for a lower price
               | because student B, C, and D are lined up to pay whatever
               | is asked.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | drewg123 wrote:
       | One thing that was mentioned in the article, but which seems to
       | be missing from the discussion is the decrease in state funding
       | for higher education.
       | 
       | When I was looking for colleges in the 80s, the most expensive
       | private schools were on the order of $20K all in. Those same
       | schools are on the order of $85K all in, which is an increase of
       | "only" (hah) 450%.
       | 
       | However, my alma mater (SUNY Buffalo) has increased in-state
       | tuition 830% ($1300 to 10.8K). When I went to school there,
       | minimum wage was $3.35/hr. That means that I could work 10 weeks
       | at 40hr/week and pay for my tuition. That's the main reason I
       | graduated without student loan debt. The NYS min. wage is $15/hr,
       | so a student today would have to work 18 weeks to pay for their
       | tuition.
       | 
       | We need to increase state funding for higher education.
        
         | ibgeek wrote:
         | Adding to this: we should be looking at the actual amount paid
         | by students have receiving financial aid. Analyses of tuition -
         | average financial aid show that the actual amount paid has been
         | relatively flat at private institutions. A lot of private
         | institutions (mine included) give a 50% scholarship to most
         | students.
         | 
         | Increased costs at public universities are driven largely by
         | lack of state funding. This is also in part because the number
         | of students attending public universities has gone up
         | tremendously but state funding hasn't kept up.
         | 
         | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/college-prices-arent-skyr...
        
         | randcraw wrote:
         | In 1975, large state state universities (like Michigan State
         | and U Virginia) cost about $1500 for tuition and another $1500
         | for room and board.
         | 
         | Since you could earn about $1500 working each summer, your
         | maximum shortfall was $1500 per year (assuming no loans or
         | grants), or $6000 per bachelor degree. At the CPI's 194%
         | inflation, today that would equate to less than $12k of debt.
         | 
         | I'd also like to know how much nonacademic college costs like
         | R&B have inflated -- when provided by the rapacious university
         | system. They _should_ have followed the CPI. But I 'd lay
         | strong odds they haven't.
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | Take home after taxes is only 77% at $15/hr or $1830/month if
         | working 40 hours/week https://smartasset.com/taxes/new-york-
         | paycheck-calculator#eI...
         | 
         | As of July 2023, the average rent for a 1-bedroom apartment in
         | SUNY College Purchase, NY is $2,696. This is a 12% increase
         | compared to the previous year. https://www.zumper.com/rent-
         | research/near-suny-college-purch...
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | Minor quibble: the tax rate is a touch lower if you don't
           | work year round. If you earn $10.8k in a calendar year,
           | you'll take home 81%.
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | IDK that we _need_ to increase state funding, but it absolutely
         | explains the tuition trend. I don't feel particularly bad about
         | people graduating with student debt if they have high paying
         | jobs on the other side.
         | 
         | What does feel bad is turning qualified students away, like one
         | school I know used to do.[1] Every year they would pick a GPA
         | cutoff to admit more engineering students to the upper level
         | classes you need to graduate, not based on evidence of students
         | failing but on faculty headcount. It's a total bait and switch,
         | and thankfully it seems they ended the practice right before
         | the pandemic.
         | 
         | And it's tricky, we run teaching universities because we think
         | there's some benefit to students being taught by practicing
         | researchers. But the reality is that, especially in STEM,
         | research funding is what matters more than tuition funding.
         | Which in essence means in order to admit more students we need
         | more research labs and buildings, because the 3/3 teaching load
         | of a tenure track faculty member will not yield competitive
         | wages.
         | 
         | [1]: https://today.oregonstate.edu/news/osu-college-
         | engineering-c...
        
           | petsfed wrote:
           | Its made worse by the fact that pure-teaching positions at
           | public institutions are frequently filled by adjuncts, so
           | there's next to no benefits or job security, and the pay is
           | often atrocious.
           | 
           | It's really screwy that a great many universities have
           | essentially said there can be no long-term work situation for
           | teachers if they aren't also researchers.
        
         | nielsbot wrote:
         | This seems relevant:
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/28/science/california-weighs...
         | 
         | Apparently University of California used to be free.
        
           | mtalantikite wrote:
           | They didn't want an educated, unemployed proletariat (their
           | words, not mine):
           | https://theintercept.com/2022/08/25/student-loans-debt-
           | reaga...
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | Indeed. I attended a talk by one of the presidents of a local
         | state university about a decade ago, and she showed a plot
         | showing that the _overall_ cost to educate a student hadn 't
         | changed in 30 years (inflation adjusted). What had changed was
         | the state support per student. As it dwindled, the university
         | continually increased the tuition such that the overall cost
         | remained constant.
         | 
         | It's one university, so I don't know if it applies to the
         | others, but drops in state support is often excluded from these
         | conversations.
        
           | ibgeek wrote:
           | This is absolutely correct. For public universities, the
           | amount of state funding hasn't kept up with the increase in
           | the number of students.
           | 
           | While tuition at private institutions have also gone up, so
           | has the amount of financial aid (scholarships) that they've
           | made available:
           | 
           | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/college-prices-arent-
           | skyr...
           | 
           | The result is that the net price hasn't increased all that
           | much for the average student.
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | students per administrator has gone down down down
       | 
       | https://scaleatucla.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/9/2/29923337/4935...
       | 
       | stanford has more administrators than undergrads now.
       | 
       | administrator growth is like a cancer
        
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