[HN Gopher] A Japanese factory that designs clothes on a 40-year...
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       A Japanese factory that designs clothes on a 40-year-old computer
       [video]
        
       Author : nipponese
       Score  : 388 points
       Date   : 2023-07-10 05:14 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | People still use textile? It's so much easier to just texture map
       | your avatar.
       | 
       | Oh, but wait, don't tell me; they actually go outside. LOL!
        
       | renegade-otter wrote:
       | Japan is fascinating to me because obviously the culture puts a
       | huge emphasis on traditions. And that is fine. It also seems to
       | me that at some point the fear of not "refreshing" the old ways
       | leads to anachronisms like these.
       | 
       | This is not just a one off, as we know - Japan is still a heavy
       | (the only?) user of floppy disks and fax machines.
       | 
       | Sometimes traditions need to be revisited - and then retired.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Fax machines have been dying pretty hard over the past 10 years
         | though.
        
       | ronakjain90 wrote:
       | Keep it simple and stupid
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | I wonder if at the time this was a bleeding-edge factory that was
       | adopting these state-of-the-art practices and it has stayed that
       | way since? Or did it only just get the tape cassette in 2003? :)
       | 
       | Interesting. I wonder if non-tape- based things are any more
       | efficient, or is the z80 based system peak-tech for weaving.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Probably what you said in your first sentence. At the time of
         | manufacture, Z-80 CPU was the standard for controllers like
         | that. In 2023, your first design pass would probably be an
         | STM32 for real time control and possibly a PC as a UI, or a
         | tablet if the UI needed to be portable.
         | 
         | STM32 for real time control and a Linux SoM for GUI/database is
         | a pretty common pattern used for industrial control these days.
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | I heard from some friends that some Chinese factories are still
       | using machineries brought by the Japanese (when they invaded
       | China) and even Imperial Germany (some 190x machines).
        
       | vincnetas wrote:
       | Just to paraphrase a meme "Not a Cell Phone in Sight, Just people
       | living in the moment" : "Not a single SaaS in sight, Just people
       | producing value"
       | 
       | I was quick to pick SaaS as a target, please suggest any better
       | alternatives. I'm trying to convey the idea that technology is
       | not the objective, it's a tool to achieve the goal. So if
       | cassette tapes are getting you there you don't need a fancy
       | software and newest hardware.
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | yes! Sometimes I cry "technology just get out my way already",
         | if it isn't going to enable what I want to do, I don't care
         | what other stuff it has to offer. I'm on a specific endeavor
         | and must build the thing if it doesn't already exist. To quote
         | this Microsoft engineer whose name escapes me at the moment,
         | nothing is implemented by default.
        
         | justrealist wrote:
         | > Just people producing value
         | 
         | You aren't very familiar with Japanese corporate culture.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | This seems like a middle-size manufacturing company, not
           | office jobs where the issue you're referring to is most
           | salient.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | Their comment is reflecting upon the posted video and nothing
           | else. Yes, Japan seems to have a rather vapid corporate
           | culture in some areas (so do most countries), but Japan is
           | also famous for manufacturing very high-quality goods using
           | old and repurposed machines and passed down techniques, as
           | seen in this video.
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | You'd be surprised to see how much old industrial machinery
             | is still being used around the world, even in other
             | developed countries. Machines like these are a huge
             | investment, so as long as they are still working flawlessly
             | (and I imagine that the Japanese take maintenance
             | seriously, so the machines will be working flawlessly),
             | it's hard to justify replacing them. So they use punch
             | cards for the patterns, what's the problem? And I imagine
             | the computer system is only needed when new punch cards
             | have to be produced, which won't happen _that_ often - for
             | existing patterns, they can use the existing punch cards.
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | > Machines like these are a huge investment, so as long
               | as they are still working flawlessly
               | 
               | I worked at a Colgate manufacturing facility. They had an
               | NJ plant that had mechanical production lines. They've
               | been running for 40 years so by the time i was there they
               | were running flawlessly day in and day out and no matter
               | what went wrong the maintenance crew knew how to fix it
               | right away.
               | 
               | To save costs they shut down that plant and opened up a
               | new one in SC with fancy brand new electronic machines
               | that were supposed to have much better throughput. It
               | took them years to get all the machines working and even
               | still the old machines produced more in 8 hours than the
               | new ones made in 12 hours. And whenever the was a problem
               | with the machine it was always some wonky issue with the
               | relays, sensors, and timing and we'd have sometimes days
               | of downtime and would need OEMs to come in and fix it.
               | 
               | They wasted millions on that move which was supposed to
               | save money and be more efficient. Many were fired/demoted
               | from that.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | > Many were fired/demoted from that.
               | 
               | Did they fire/demote the brain geniuses who kicked this
               | off? Because the corporate stories I know like this
               | generally involve the responsible parties getting
               | promotions for their bravery and forward thinking, while
               | the pain falls on the people they forced to work on it
               | and who unaccountably failed to implement their perfect
               | visions.
        
               | stevezsa8 wrote:
               | It's shocking reading stuff like this.
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | I know you probably meant that in jest, but it makes
               | sense as we have a sea change between the pre-digital and
               | post-digital generations. And this isn't just a "back in
               | my day, we knew when to get off the lawn"-type of
               | observation; the post-digital cohort is used to copying
               | and pasting bits where the new instance is a perfect
               | reproduction of the old. Naturally, they think that you
               | can copy a NJ factory and paste it in SC, sprinkle in
               | some enhancements, and voila! You get a better version.
               | But the world of atoms is much messier than the world of
               | bits, and in the former even something like getting the
               | floor of the factory to be level is a nontrivial task.
        
               | stevezsa8 wrote:
               | Maybe this just shows that I have some experience under
               | my belt... but I understand that most things take longer
               | and cost more than planned.
               | 
               | So the thought of scrapping a working factory with
               | decades of fine-tuning already done... pains me.
               | 
               | I worked with one project manager who was straight out of
               | school. I couldn't believe that the direction and
               | management of multiple teams of engineers was coming from
               | someone who was going to make all their rookie mistakes
               | on our project... and all the people who hired him
               | already left for new jobs, so no consequences for them.
        
               | lost_tourist wrote:
               | doesn't surprise me when it costs millions to
               | replace/redesign :)
        
               | rewmie wrote:
               | > You'd be surprised to see how much old industrial
               | machinery is still being used around the world, even in
               | other developed countries. Machines like these are a huge
               | investment, so as long as they are still working
               | flawlessly (and I imagine that the Japanese take
               | maintenance seriously, so the machines will be working
               | flawlessly), it's hard to justify replacing them.
               | 
               | Case in point: when Russia started it's invasion of
               | Ukraine, one of the first things they did was to pillage
               | the industrial areas of the regions they controlled to
               | take away industrial equipment, including farm vehicles.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Ukraine is piss poor compared to Russia. For years Russia
               | provided Ukraine with underpriced gas while Ukraine's
               | export prices increased rapidly, but due to the
               | dysfunctional governments they had, they never were able
               | to take advantage of that. Ukraine historically was an
               | agrarian economy that was industrialized with the usual
               | Soviet brutality, accompanied by agriculture
               | collectivization and the usual mass repression. After the
               | fall of the Soviet Union, it inherited a relatively good
               | infrastructure and capital stocks, especially in energy,
               | but it mostly failed to maintain that. Add to that the
               | fact that since 1992, there was only one year when
               | Ukraine had a balanced budget. There was a lot of growth
               | in the aughts due to the high price of metallurgical
               | during this decade, but Ukraine was mostly taking
               | advantage of their existing industrial infrastructure
               | inherited from the Soviets and failed to diversify and
               | sophisticate their economy.
               | 
               | Besides, if the idea is to invade the country to
               | incorporate some separatist regions, it doesn't make
               | sense to destroy its economic basis and end up with a
               | huge refugee problem and a completely deserted land you
               | just conquered.
               | 
               | This is basically propaganda for gullible Americans that
               | never traveled to Eastern Europe.
        
               | rewmie wrote:
               | > Ukraine is piss poor compared to Russia.
               | 
               | I fail to see the relevance of that. Sounds like cheap
               | propaganda.
               | 
               | My point was clear: when Russia started it's invasion of
               | Ukraine, one of the first things they did was to pillage
               | the industrial areas of the regions they controlled to
               | take away industrial equipment, including farm vehicles.
               | 
               | HN had a discussion on how John Deere kill switches were
               | rendering Russia's pillaging useless as the stolen
               | tractors were being remotely disabled once they were
               | moved into Russia.
               | 
               | Industrial equipment, even old one, is often used
               | extensively in spite of existing latest and greatest
               | offers.
        
               | hkpack wrote:
               | Although contrary to the popular believe, a lot of
               | equipment in Ukraine is of the latest generation. For
               | example, a lot of farmers use the latest John Deere
               | tractors.
               | 
               | The same is for metallurgy - it was consistently upgraded
               | through the years and not outdated in any way.
        
           | bugglebeetle wrote:
           | ...as compared to what? American corporate culture's primary
           | outputs appear to be poisoning the world's water supply,
           | inflating asset bubbles, creating mental health crises, and
           | arms dealing. It would seem a net benefit to humanity if we
           | were more useless.
        
             | bdhcuidbebe wrote:
             | What you described could be summarized as "useless".
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | Forget about humanity, there are like 100-200 more people
             | that can buy a small country that have to have more money
             | there
        
             | justrealist wrote:
             | OK bud.
        
               | yard2010 wrote:
               | You don't have to be snarky it is what it is
        
             | Eisenstein wrote:
             | You forgot 'cultural hegemony'.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | To be fair, aside from the arms dealing (which I'm probably
             | just unaware of), Japanese corporate culture has done all
             | of those things as well
        
         | myth2018 wrote:
         | No UX-designed systems in sight, just users having a good
         | experience.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | > I was quick to pick SaaS as a target, please suggest any
         | better alternatives.
         | 
         | JavaScript frameworks would be a candidate.
        
           | goldenkey wrote:
           | Those are a psuedo SaaS (Google -Angular, Facebook - React)
           | since the framework is funded, evangelized, and pays speakers
           | to give talks at conferences. They usually kill the project
           | if they can't make enough money off of the market of
           | dependencies they created.
        
             | tough wrote:
             | Frameworks are just SaaS shovels
        
         | vjust wrote:
         | Lets apply some frameworks to it. Pick some "low hanging
         | fruit". Apply a "cloud native approach" and engage in Agile
         | ceremonies.
         | 
         | Just kidding, couldn't agree more with your observation. Not a
         | Phone in sight.
        
         | gregoriol wrote:
         | The problem that will occur, and will prevent producing things,
         | is that at some point finding parts and people able to repair
         | those will be hard or impossible.
         | 
         | I'm not saying that having latest or newest stuff is any
         | better, just that using old stuff can bring some problems too.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > at some point finding parts and people able to repair those
           | will be hard or impossible.
           | 
           | Maybe, maybe not. If the machine uses the right "legacy"
           | parts (a Z80 is a great example, but so is anything belt- or
           | gear-driven, etc.), then it's a very good bet those parts and
           | the people who are familiar with them will remain available
           | for much longer than you or I will be alive.
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | The Z80 and most of the 47xx logic chips are still
           | manufactured, though. (Small RAM and ROM chips may become a
           | problem, in the near future.)
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | This isn't the only place using such equipment, and as long
           | as there is a profit to be made someone will supply the
           | parts. The only components that can't sit forever on a shelf
           | as NOS are (off the top of my head) capacitors and production
           | of those isn't going anywhere.
           | 
           | For non-electronic parts: that's why you have a machine shop.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | I used to freelance HW/Firmware development for a small
             | company that retrofitted old machine tools with modern
             | motion controllers. There is a surprisingly large industry
             | out there ready to repair or retrofit whatever old controls
             | are on your old machines.
        
             | Gordonjcp wrote:
             | As long as they haven't been sitting on the shelf since the
             | 1950s, any capacitors you have lying around will be fine.
             | 
             | The electrolyte isn't milk. It doesn't go off.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | It does dry out though. Electrolytic can caps are not
               | hermetically sealed.
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | Over about 50 years, maybe.
               | 
               | Put it this way, I've replaced maybe a dozen "bad caps"
               | in equipment in 35 years of repairing high-end musical
               | kit, six of which were in one 1970s synthesizer made from
               | very cheap parts.
               | 
               | But, I've done very well out of the fashion for "re-
               | capping" equipment because I charge 300 quid before I
               | even start to consider clearing a spot on the bench for
               | stuff that's been "re-capped" before they bring it to me
               | to fix.
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | It has been working for 40+ years, it does the job, everybody
         | using the system is familiar with it, it's robust (no network
         | required), it's exceptionally easy to service and maintain (all
         | through-hole technology on a single, comfortably large board),
         | and the entire unit (computer, monitor, cassette drive) is
         | rated at just 45 W (so it's probably using less than that.)
         | Also, it's a beautiful machine adding a bit of joy to the work
         | life. - Why should you want to change this?
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | My Coldfusion code often makes me ask the same thing.
        
           | rewmie wrote:
           | > Why should you want to change this?
           | 
           | Organizations tend to invest in their operations if there are
           | significant improvements to be made. This includes things
           | like dealing with problems such as the availability of
           | cassetes, if the legacy system becomes too old to maintain in
           | a cost effective way, if it's still possible to source parts,
           | etc.
           | 
           | Digital systems are widespread because they are widespread
           | and dirt cheap, and thus the tradeoff of increasing the
           | complexity does add value.
        
             | Eisenstein wrote:
             | > Digital systems are widespread because they are
             | widespread and dirt cheap
             | 
             | They also churn, and finding people who can (and will) work
             | on legacy systems isn't easy either. Get rid of something
             | that worked for 40 years because everyone uses this other
             | thing (but will use something else 10 years from now that
             | we can't predict) is dumb unless there is a very valid
             | reason.
        
           | oxfordmale wrote:
           | But surely this needs to be upgraded to run on a cloud hosted
           | Kubernetes instance? With Karpenter to dynamically scale up
           | an down resources as needed? Supported by a ten people
           | Infosec/SRE team
        
             | throw_5202 wrote:
             | It's so frustrating to talk to Kubernetes enthusiasts.
             | 
             | enthusiast: if you'll migrate service X from a small sets
             | of VMs to K8s cluster (which will take N man-moths because
             | of reasons) it will auto-scale
             | 
             | Old grumpy man: but the the load is low and predictable we
             | don't need autoscale and if load will grow we will just
             | create two more VMs
             | 
             | enthusiast: auto-scaling will save time in the distant and
             | unlikely future and CTO agrees that K8s is the best way to
             | run software so you have to migrate anyway
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | We are running a busy self service ERP for growing 400k
               | employees, on a single database instance for 7 years now.
               | Currently at 256gb ram, 8tb database, 32 P9 cores. I got
               | 99 problems but the single database server ain't one of
               | them!
        
               | giovannibonetti wrote:
               | Parent was probably talking about the application server,
               | which is the typical example of K8s usage, whereas most
               | databases don't fit well there and are usually separate
               | from the K8s cluster.
        
               | benglish11 wrote:
               | Yeah. They must be. I've had several k8s enthusiast
               | dissuade from putting a db in k8s for performance
               | reasons. This may change overtime but I believe there is
               | a performance bottleneck in disk I/o (or at least that's
               | how it was explained to me)
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | That _really_ depends on your k8s environment. If you 're
               | running on bare metal and use host bind mounts for
               | storage, you won't have a problem. But as soon as you
               | introduce shared storage it gets messy...
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | Doesn't that defeat the promise of k8 in the first place?
               | 
               | Because then it won't scale.
               | 
               | And the moment you do you run into other bottlenecks.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Meh, not having to worry about configuring load balancers
               | and letsencrypt alone is worth the effort to get k8s
               | running.
        
               | mysterydip wrote:
               | Just curious, what backup/replication/disaster recovery
               | solution(s) are you running with that?
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Used to run Tivoli Storage Manager, now Commvault. Backup
               | can be used for certain type of issues that are isolated
               | to the database.
               | 
               | For DR, Entire stack is being continually synced with a
               | set of hot server in separate datacentre. We run a fully
               | DR exercise yearly and it works well. It's a fairly
               | proprietary AIX / DB2 method though so not sure you'd
               | find value unless you're using the exact same technology
               | stack :-/
        
               | Mister_Snuggles wrote:
               | We've just migrated our ERP from a regular deployment on
               | VMs into Kubernetes. We have a very bursty self-service
               | component, so being able to scale up easily for the week
               | we need it is quite nice. We've taken advantage of this
               | ability multiple times and seen great success each time.
               | 
               | We're not running the DB in Kubernetes though.
        
               | perryizgr8 wrote:
               | VM deployment has a drawback though. If the machine runs
               | out of memory, it will lock up (at least that's my
               | experience with EC2). And then you need to set up some
               | sort of health checks and auto scaling (!) for EC2 based
               | on those health checks. This is much more cumbersome and
               | fragile than just containerising the app and setting it
               | up in a k8s cluster which will automatically take care of
               | this scenario.
               | 
               | Also, deploying a new build on VMs is extremely manual
               | compared to k8s, unless again you set up some sort of
               | home brew rube Goldberg machine to auto deploy. It's just
               | way better to use k8s in tandem with a simple GA
               | workflow.
        
               | stephenhuey wrote:
               | I think grumpy old man knows about the drawbacks with
               | VMs, but grumpy old man also knows that for his
               | particular service k8s has drawbacks. Grumpy old man is
               | thinking that if his particular service goes down, some
               | users just tell him it's not working and it's not a huge
               | problem like people are losing $10 million per hour
               | because of it. And in the event that happens sometime in
               | the next 23 months (if it happens at all) he'll just do
               | that little manual process for a couple more VMs, and
               | that's all the time he'll spend on it. Contrast that with
               | the time it would take to get it ready for k8s and keep
               | someone around who understands k8s well enough to take
               | care of it, even though their need for it might be so
               | low.
        
               | ChainOfFools wrote:
               | And grumpy old man also knows that compared to the 5-year
               | overhead costs of some overcomplicated k8s system, it's
               | quite reasonable to overprovision the bejesus at the colo
               | bare metal>hypervisor layer as cheap insurance.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | Every time I read something like this I think that there
               | has to be a tipping point were a well-written (i.e.
               | compiled, not interpreted) solution running on a beefy
               | server has to more cost efficient than running the same
               | thing spread over several containers.
               | 
               | Definitely not an expert, but I get the impression that
               | this point is a lot higher that most people assume it is.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | VMs are nice when you can't fill a machine with a single
               | task (plus whatever redundancy). Once you get to a single
               | machine, you want to scale up that one machine; you can
               | go a long way where scaling up is cheaper than scaling
               | out. But at some point, scaling out gets cheaper.
               | 
               | I'm not sure where the check points are now, but typical
               | points where cost jumps are desktop -> server socket,
               | single socket -> two sockets, two sockets -> four
               | sockets, four -> eight sockets. AFAIK, AMD EPYC isn't
               | offered at more than two sockets, and going to four
               | sockets used to be possible off the shelf but very
               | expensive, and eight sockets was very expensive if off
               | the shelf or very expensive because custom engineering.
               | Sometimes ram costs go way up for the highest density
               | too.
        
               | x86x87 wrote:
               | Spoiler alert: a well written application on a beefy
               | server almost always beat the k8s rube Goldberg machines
               | on cost. I still don't get why people refuse to think for
               | themselves and just jump on the latest hype train.
               | 
               | K8s makes little sense unless you run on bare-metal. Once
               | you jump to vms you are injecting another abstraction
               | layer and take on a herculean level of ops without
               | understanding what you're getting into.
        
               | seper8 wrote:
               | create two more vms? just give it some more
               | cores/ram/network/disks...
        
               | reginaldo wrote:
               | Quote them some Henry David Thoreau[1]: "Why should we
               | live with such hurry and waste of life? We are determined
               | to be starved before we are hungry. Men say that a stitch
               | in time saves nine, and so they take a thousand stitches
               | today to save nine tomorrow. As for work, we haven't any
               | of any consequence."
               | 
               | [1] From Walden: read at
               | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/205/205-h/205-h.htm
        
               | rewmie wrote:
               | > Old grumpy man: but the the load is low and predictable
               | we don't need autoscale and if load will grow we will
               | just create two more VMs
               | 
               | That's perfectly ok, if your deployment costs are
               | irrelevant and/or your company gladly pays up your
               | infrastructure costs without a second thought.
               | 
               | This is not the case in some organizations, and toggling
               | a setting to auto scale a deployment can automatically
               | save you thousands of dollars per month.
               | 
               | Would you still be so casual about infrastructure costs
               | if you had to bankroll the extra capacity you need to add
               | to your baseline to support peaks?
               | 
               | The decision process involved in managing your single-box
               | deployment is not the same that goes in managing global
               | deployments with dozens of instances per region. Cloud
               | providers charge a premium, and that premium is a lot.
               | 
               | It's like the thermostat in your office. If you're just
               | running an AC in a single room then you can just set it
               | to full blast to keep it day and night at a certain
               | temperature. Once there's a decision to cut costs then
               | you start to talk about the best time to turn off/turn on
               | a AC unit.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Their entire point was that their load was static, and
               | you've immediately started talking about how it changes
               | constantly.
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | The irony is the last time I fell for this
               | "SRE/K8s/Platform Engineering" crap, they promised auto-
               | scaling and used it as a motivation for the tech. Yet
               | when the time came, and services inevitably needed to
               | scale due to load, they had to manually log in to
               | increase some random config to let it grow.
        
             | yard2010 wrote:
             | Don't forget rewriting the code in Rust because it's faster
             | and type safe! Or nodejs with typescript because it's type
             | safe
        
               | rewmie wrote:
               | > Don't forget rewriting the code in Rust because it's
               | faster and type safe!
               | 
               | I also enjoy piling on Rust fanboys,but those of us who
               | had to go through late night troubleshooting sessions to
               | track issues that were ultimately caused by use-after-
               | free issues do tend to be vulnerable to Rust's memory
               | safety siren's song
        
               | CodeSgt wrote:
               | Typescript is one of the few additional layers of
               | complexity that I truly feel is _usually_ worth it. The
               | exceptions being: a) if you have a complete or near-
               | complete system that functions as intended with no major
               | changes planned for the foreseeable future. And b) the
               | system you're writing is small, fairly self-contained,
               | and the team isn't already familiar with Typescript.
               | 
               | In any other situation I firmly believe the benefits
               | Typescript brings very quickly outweigh the small amount
               | of added complexity.
        
               | masswerk wrote:
               | Arguably, 8-bit BASIC is type-safe, as well. :-)
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | 10 DEFINT A-Z
        
               | patates wrote:
               | Totally non-opinionated tried and tested fact that all
               | humanity knows: Anything that doesn't have discriminated
               | unions cannot be used productively.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | Excellent choice of term.
               | 
               | I've been a full-stack web developer for over a decade
               | across multiple companies and this is the first time I've
               | seen the phrase "discriminated unions".
               | 
               | And the wikipedia article is horrendous. It starts with
               | the following sentence and gets worse from there.
               | 
               | > In computer science, a tagged union, also called a
               | variant, variant record, choice type, discriminated
               | union, disjoint union, sum type or coproduct, is a data
               | structure used to hold a value that could take on several
               | different, but fixed, types.
               | 
               | It uses lots and lots of words to explain something
               | that's very simple. If you don't already know what it is,
               | you can't figure out which words are important.
               | 
               | Then after all of the theory, it dives into a binary tree
               | example which has to be the worst possible way to explain
               | it. If you haven't implemented a binary tree before, you
               | don't know any idea what you're looking at. It didn't
               | help that I implemented a linked list in college.
               | 
               | Also, the choice of language ensures you have no idea
               | what the types are. I completely missed the first example
               | was self-referential.
               | 
               | It's like parody of a function programmer writing an
               | explanation for anyone who isn't a functional programmer.
        
               | agentultra wrote:
               | "Simplicity is a great virtue but it requires hard work
               | to achieve it and education to appreciate it." --
               | Djikstra.
               | 
               | I've been programming in some form or another since the
               | late-80s. I've been paid to write code for other people
               | for over twenty years. I haven't gone to university.
               | 
               | Maybe it's because I started back in BASIC, assembler,
               | and later C that I know what that term is and have
               | encountered it in various languages and forms several
               | times since?
               | 
               | The problem with wikipedia definitions is that they have
               | to be _the definition_. Some one like me would expect a
               | link to the definition and not a tutorial. They 're not
               | written to take into account that you've been a
               | professional programmer and have never been exposed to a
               | computer science curriculum nor are they written for
               | laypersons who don't know anything about programming.
               | 
               | It's a similar problem for functional programmers trying
               | to explain functors, monoids, and monads: these are not
               | terribly complicated abstractions but catering your
               | explanation to the various audiences out there is
               | incredibly difficult. The definitions sounds like
               | gibberish... but with effort and education it is possible
               | to understand and appreciate it.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | You could edit the wiki page.
        
               | bentcorner wrote:
               | Care the elaborate? I'm not challenging you I'd just like
               | to learn more. I recently transitioned from writing C++
               | to Typescript and probably haven't fully grokked the TS
               | way.
        
             | masswerk wrote:
             | Also, it's really unfair to the ransomeware folks! They
             | need to make a living, too!
        
         | usrbinbash wrote:
         | I think this is less a case of
         | 
         | "don't use new tech if you don't have to"
         | 
         | and more a case of
         | 
         | "These are highly specialized weaving machines that were build
         | decades ago around using punched cards, and whatever benefit by
         | speedup in process we would get from replacing their ancient
         | control system with a modern one, would be dwarfed by the cost
         | of modifying them to use that control system."
         | 
         | Or to say this with slightly less words:
         | 
         | Replacing software and a couple of computers is cheap, compared
         | to replacing room-sized industrial machinery.
        
           | rewmie wrote:
           | > (...) would be dwarfed by the cost of modifying them to use
           | that control system."
           | 
           | This should be the top comment. Cost is a critical factor. I
           | would also stop riding the bus and drive a Ferrari to work if
           | that option costs as much as a bus ticket. As it doesn't then
           | I'm going to stick with the bus, but this does not make it a
           | superior choice.
        
             | vincnetas wrote:
             | some would argue that bus is better for commuting than
             | ferrari ;)
        
           | hnlmorg wrote:
           | Exactly this.
           | 
           | Furthermore, it's very common for factories to run older
           | equipment because the cost of upgrading is higher, riskier,
           | and shutting the factory down to do the upgrades comes with
           | its own losses as well.
           | 
           | It's also worth noting that there was also modern computers
           | in that video too. The system they used to "digitally
           | preview" what the weave would look like. But that is a
           | separate system from the ones that interface with the weaving
           | machines and thus very easy and cheap to upgrade.
        
       | fgededigo wrote:
       | The patterns are read using a Z80 Sharp MZ computer (MZ-80K?)
       | from 1979. Nice
       | 
       | This channel (Byte Attic) have a restoration video:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiAL5LCQ7Ds
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | It's definitely a Sharp MZ-80K.
         | 
         | https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=174
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_MZ
         | 
         | Edit, regarding the video: It should be mentioned that the
         | parts found in late 1970s and early 1980s computers were
         | usually of quite good quality (things like capacitors were also
         | more expensive then) and modern parts are not necessarily
         | better or more reliable. "Shotgunning" all capacitors doesn't
         | necessarily improve things. E.g., mine works perfectly fine
         | without changing a single part. This particular machine, shown
         | in the video, was in a bit of a rough state, though.
        
       | azubinski wrote:
       | They make kimonos.
       | 
       | I don't know the specific requirements for kimono fabrics, but I
       | suspect there are. Accordingly, they use special weaving
       | machines. These machines are clearly made to order in extremely
       | limited quantities. Tape cassettes and punched tapes are
       | attributes of the control subsystem of these machines.
       | 
       | For fabric design, they use Photoshop (is it like Photoshop?) and
       | a completely modern PC.
       | 
       | That is, they do everything right and in the right way. There is
       | no point in changing machines if the machines are doing their
       | job, especially if they are doing their job according to unique
       | requirements.
       | 
       | Upgrading this system just for the sake of upgrading will either
       | bankrupt the company or lead to the creation of something
       | completely different that is clearly not wanted by consumers.
       | 
       | But here's what's really interesting - what heads are in their
       | tape recorders and what kind of tape do they use in cassettes,
       | that all this can withstand the production cycle? This is really
       | impressive.
        
       | alexchevsky wrote:
       | AFAIK, punch cards were used in the textile industry long before
       | computers came to town. It's just very convenient to map
       | patterns. If it ain't broken, don't fix it:)
        
         | gregoriol wrote:
         | It might not be broken, yet, but when it breaks you'll not be
         | able to find parts or people with knowledge for very old
         | devices like this...
        
           | kernal wrote:
           | When it does break, you can rest assured a Rust rewrite is
           | guaranteed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Legogris wrote:
       | > _[deleted]: If anyone (white hat) can hack this place - upload
       | some really beautiful patterns that certain [cosplay
       | /furry/pokemon/whatever] types would love then have those
       | communities purchase these patterns and keep this going._
       | 
       | I live by a different Japanese small town famous for its textile
       | industry and there's at least one place still similarly using
       | punch cards and tape. They exhibited some of it and a
       | contemporary art piece made using it during the annual Fuji
       | Textile Week last year.
       | 
       | Separately I also met an artist who's doing binary-hacked glitch
       | embroidery and knitting with older machines in the area. I think
       | they have stuff for sale from time to time and would be open for
       | commissions. There's some pokemon/otaku/tech-related stuff if you
       | dig through their insta.
       | 
       | https://nukeme.nu/tagged/Glitch%20Embroidery
       | 
       | https://glitchknit.jp/
        
       | flippinburgers wrote:
       | This is really beautiful.
        
       | sheepscreek wrote:
       | Before anyone dismisses the Japanese for using old tech - whether
       | it's fax machines or funny looking flip phones, I'll say that
       | it's truly admirable of them to always focus on the problem than
       | getting excited over new tech.
       | 
       | Has that prevented them from advancing as a society? No. Has that
       | prevented new innovations? Certainly not. This has likely
       | prevented a lot of devices from being decommissioned and adding
       | to our recycling woes and landfill. For contrast, a typical North
       | American company refreshes all computers every 3 years. Imagine
       | that.
       | 
       | I am sure that where it matters, companies are using newer
       | tooling, but where the benefits are minuscule - there's no
       | pressure to change. Japanese people can take comfort in knowing
       | their favourite hardware will be supported for a very long time.
        
         | patrec wrote:
         | > Before anyone dismisses the Japanese for using old tech -
         | whether it's fax machines or funny looking flip phones, I'll
         | say that it's truly admirable of them to always focus on the
         | problem than getting excited over new tech.
         | 
         | Excluding totalitarian communist monarchies, the Japanese are,
         | human-capital adjusted, about the least productive people on
         | earth. So they are not actually "focusing on the problem".
         | 
         | > Has that prevented them from advancing as a society? No.
         | 
         | The US pumped out a number of popular and populist movies and
         | books in the 80ies and 90ies that betray a real fear of being
         | overtaken by Japan. The notion seems completely ridiculous
         | nowadays, and a glance of the GDP development of both countries
         | over the last four decades will immediately make clear why.
         | 
         | > Has that prevented new innovations? Certainly not.
         | 
         | So what important innovations have come out of Japan in the
         | last 40 years?
         | 
         | Japan has a lot of admirable qualities, but a pragmatic focus
         | on productivity and innovation is not one of them.
        
           | gen220 wrote:
           | One point, I would be curious what the numbers would look
           | like if you subtract immigrants from the US figures (since
           | Japan has effectively no immigration).
           | 
           | Stepping back... having higher "productivity" or "GDP growth"
           | does not make a cut-and-dry "winner". Everything is a trade-
           | off.
        
           | sheepscreek wrote:
           | Video games (Sony, Nintendo). Manga, Anime!
        
           | wazzer wrote:
           | have you got any sources for those claims? I'd be interested
           | in learning more!
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | patrec wrote:
             | Productivity:
             | 
             | https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=107229
             | 
             | Human Capital (let's take Pisa scores as a proxy):
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_S
             | t...
             | 
             | GDP growth, JPN vs US
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/national-gdp-constant-
             | usd...
             | 
             | (Worth pointing out that the US population has grown by
             | ~1/3 whilst Japan has remained about constant, so per
             | capita the effect is not as pronounced)
        
               | patrec wrote:
               | P.S. Movies:
               | 
               | Great example: https://youtu.be/Km6bFBSVty4?t=74
               | 
               | https://www.pastposters.com/details.php?prodId=4514
               | https://filmandfurniture.com/2014/09/blade-runner-design-
               | whi...
               | 
               | Books: Neuromancer etc.
               | 
               | Good compilation:
               | 
               | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/JapanTakesOve
               | rTh...
        
               | genezeta wrote:
               | I'm not sure why the reference, but you _probably_ mean
               | Neuromancer.
        
               | patrec wrote:
               | Indeed, fixed.
        
         | sheepscreek wrote:
         | I think there's a fundamental difference in how the two
         | societies work which is at play here.
         | 
         | In North America, we are largely driven by monetary benefits.
         | Everything is done to optimize profits, that eventually
         | translates to a fatter paycheque for the CEO. That thinking
         | trickles down. There's only one hard rule, don't break any
         | laws. Everything else is game.
         | 
         | At the very bottom, you generally have people that have been
         | marginalized. The society has written them off. They work many
         | jobs to merely survive. I'll save more on that for another day.
         | 
         | In comparison, Japanese society is driven by honour. Executives
         | are less likely to take decisions solely for generating demand,
         | through innovative marketing or trickery. People work their
         | entire lives for the same company - that looks after them. The
         | proverbial "salaryman".
         | 
         | This kind of motivation creates more clarity on the end
         | goal/purpose, which leads to more innovation. When you're not
         | chasing the golden goose and are driven by honour/respect,
         | you're more likely to be focused on the customer and what's
         | truly in their best interest. Some NA companies do this too -
         | but it's not a trait we particularly value above all else and
         | is far far from being the norm.
         | 
         | The genuine concern for another being, even in business, is
         | embedded in Japanese culture. Whether it's being on time, or
         | masking when you're sick to protect others around you. Truly
         | fascinating and admirable (though not without trad-offs).
        
           | vjust wrote:
           | Well put.
        
           | stevezsa8 wrote:
           | This was interesting to read. Is it based on experience of
           | living in Japan, or research?
           | 
           | I found the part about companies looking after the employee
           | really interesting.
           | 
           | Having worked entirely in Europe, I've found most managers
           | screwing over subordinates. I've encountered plenty of bully
           | managers, never one who seemed to genuinely care.
        
             | evilos wrote:
             | Patrick (patio11) has some great blogs about working in
             | Japan and the culture, if you're interested. I found this
             | one insightful and very entertaining:
             | 
             | https://www.kalzumeus.com/2014/11/07/doing-business-in-
             | japan...
        
             | turmacar wrote:
             | That last little "(though not without trad-offs)" is doing
             | a _lot_ of heavy lifting.
             | 
             | Not that there isn't some general truth to what they're
             | saying, but it's definitely the rose-tinted glasses 'how it
             | should work' view of Japanese corporate culture.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > dismisses the Japanese for using old tech - whether it's fax
         | machines or funny looking flip phones
         | 
         | I agree, but those are interesting examples because they're not
         | unique to Japanese culture. Fax machines common enough in the
         | US for them to be continue to be useful, and I see more and
         | more people using flip phones as time goes by.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | There's a significant amount of heavy machinery made in the late
       | 19th/early 20th century still in use in the US too, although I
       | suspect they're more like the Ship of Theseus now. The cost of
       | replacement (especially for highly specialised machines), and the
       | cost of downtime (lost production), strongly biases the decision
       | towards maintenance rather than replacement.
        
         | marstall wrote:
         | cool, what are some of them?
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | I can speak to one machine - my father has been a machinist
           | for 30+ years. In his custom shop they have a vertical metal
           | lathe that was built in something like 1870 (and is big
           | enough to park a car on the table, by the way). It has been
           | retrofitted with new jaws, a new table, motor instead of belt
           | power, and electronic controls. But the core machine is still
           | very much from the 1870's. If you strip the electronics off,
           | you can still hand control it like they would've then.
           | 
           | I would imagine this kind of thing is tucked away in small
           | shops all across the country.
        
       | uraura wrote:
       | The punch card is the "design". From the video, it isn't user
       | friendly to edit on terminal. (btw, it is rare to see full
       | English UI in Japan) They can just replace the part to create the
       | punch card. But the textile machine is totally fine to keep
       | consuming punch card.
       | 
       | Tape is fine too but it is risky because factory may stop
       | creating tape.
        
       | dazhbog wrote:
       | I recently bought some 25+ year old DOS PCB pick and place
       | machines[1]. These machines are basically considered scrap (by
       | some) but they allow me to assemble a ton of boards
       | automatically.
       | 
       | Its incredible how these machines achieve so much with <64MHz
       | CPUs
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27JxtoDPnTI
        
         | koalacola wrote:
         | What do you do with them?
        
           | stevezsa8 wrote:
           | Using them to assemble more pick-and-place machines of course
           | :]
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | In case anyone was unaware, textiles were the original domain of
       | punch cards [0]. (And the mechanical loom was an antecedent of
       | and inspiration for the first general-purpose computer; and not
       | coincidentally Babbage's concept, in the 1830's (!!), was to
       | input machine code via punch card [1]. _" We may say most aptly
       | that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraic patterns just as the
       | Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves"_ -Ada Lovelace (What a
       | lovely metaphor!))
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card#History
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_engine
        
         | throwawayc7de59 wrote:
         | Jacquard looms are also still in use in modern Japan.
         | 
         | Here's a video of a multi-story Jacquard loom. You can see the
         | punch cards being fed up to the story above.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB9pRRr_MvY
         | 
         | You can see the products that they make here:
         | 
         | https://nishimura-orimono.jp
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | learned new word today, thanks! (antecedent).
         | 
         | > The Oxford English dictionary defines the word antecedent as
         | a thing that existed before or precedes another. Precedent, on
         | the other hand, is defined as an earlier event or action which
         | serves as an example or guide.
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | You're welcome! I actually learned that word from _Morrowind_
           | ; I can't remember if I've seen it in print anywhere else.
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | I've only just noticed the coincidental connection between
         | Ada's surname and the lacemaking machinery that was the target
         | of many Luddites.
        
           | tough wrote:
           | You noticing made me research a bit more and found this
           | article in case you or anyone else might be interested too
           | https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/doing-good-
           | science/ada-...
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | (Sorry if this is too far off-topic or trite, but I had the fun
         | idea that cloth going through a loom is also a type of
         | sequential-access tape storage. If woven from conductive
         | threads, a read-head is nothing more than testing "does this
         | thread form a closed circuit?", and a write-head is the loom
         | operation of "mechanically transpose these two threads". If you
         | can scroll cloth non-destructively forwards and backwards,
         | that's the core of an electromechanical Turing machine).
         | __ __      _____         __X__      _____         |   |      |
         | |         [open]    [closed]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | froh wrote:
         | also loom fault detection was the first successful business of
         | toyota, before they started automobiles. specifically Toyota
         | invented a mechanism which would stop the loom if a single
         | thread would rip anywhere.
         | 
         | and the intuition that halting production if a fault is
         | detected in car manufacturing goes back to that experience.
         | 
         | and the offspring of that, the "Toyota production system"
         | inspired lean. which inspired agile. and Kanban also is core of
         | the TPS...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | crazytony wrote:
       | If you are in Japan, I would highly suggest you visit the Toyota
       | museum in Nagoya. Toyota started as a loom manufacturer and the
       | museum has a ton of working artifacts (I recall one is from the
       | 1600s).
       | 
       | They have a tour that shows you the full evolution of the loom
       | technology including one operating by punch cards.
       | 
       | I had no idea until I visited the museum shortly before COVID
        
       | gregjw wrote:
       | Robust enough to keep working, so why replace it.
       | 
       | If it ain't broke, don't fix it!
        
       | FrustratedMonky wrote:
       | The Old School is the Best School.
       | 
       | Some problems don't need to be refactored, re-implemented,
       | upgraded, and put in the cloud with a handy mobile app for your
       | convenience.
        
       | tdyfhfhf wrote:
       | Really bad/misleading/factually-incorrect headline. They use a
       | 40yo computer to control an industrial machine for making cloth,
       | not to design clothing. Which is pretty common.
        
         | somedude895 wrote:
         | The YT channel seems to be run by a Japanese, so it's probably
         | not malicious.
        
           | yakubin wrote:
           | The title on YT it autotranslated by YT. If you change UI
           | language in your account settings on Google/YT, the title of
           | the video will change as well. Truly horrible, but in-
           | character for Google when it comes to localisation.
        
         | nipponese wrote:
         | Agree. The original title was "Japanese textile factory still
         | uses tape cassettes and punch cards". When I woke up in the
         | morning it was changed (by a mod?).
        
           | tagawa wrote:
           | The title change confused me too, and seems to be happening
           | more often. Feels like a net-negative to me.
        
       | girishso wrote:
       | Pretty sure similar punched cards are used in Indian textile
       | companies even today.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | First Reaction: "Secure by default, and zero remote holes
       | since..."
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | Also, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it." Or "If it works, don't
         | touch it."
        
       | jassyr wrote:
       | There is something comforting about machines whirring, knocking,
       | click clacking. The physical card printed, cut, and handled by
       | hands. There should be a name for that feeling, like being in an
       | old book store, being able to touch everything, read the books,
       | flip them back and forth.
        
       | syslog wrote:
       | Similar vibe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35040547
        
       | nipponese wrote:
       | OP here. How/why was the post title changed?
        
         | poplet wrote:
         | Mods change titles all the time here, unfortunately...
         | Sometimes for the worst
         | 
         | Its far from the only thing that they constantly change too
        
         | poplet wrote:
         | Mods change titles all the time here, unfortunately...
         | Sometimes for the worst
        
       | taoufix wrote:
       | I didn't know Brother made sweing machine, I though they only
       | make printers.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | They also make CNC milling machines and drill presses.
        
       | kernal wrote:
       | The 40 year old computer is the irrelevant part. The
       | craftsmanship and attention to detail, by these women, is the
       | real story.
        
       | masswerk wrote:
       | It's never wrong to use a Sharp MZ-80K - what a beautiful
       | machine! (BTW, there had been an actual 80-column punched card
       | reader available for this.)
       | 
       | It may be worth mentioning that the tape storage of the Sharp MZ
       | family of computers is exceptionally fast. E.g., transferring MP3
       | encoded media files won't do. This is also, why floppy disks were
       | never a big thing on that platform, as tape was deemed good
       | enough.
       | 
       | The Sharp MZ-80K (as indicated by its name powered by a Z80
       | microprocessor) was originally sold as a kit computer, but,
       | unlike the more common variety, it came in larger pre-assemblies,
       | like the entire monitor assembly, etc. (No soldering required.)
       | Outside of Japan, it was usually sold fully assembled, often with
       | RAM already populated to the full complement of 48KB.
        
         | oflebbe wrote:
         | Had an Sharp MZ-731 back in the days. I was able to exchange
         | data with an Sharp MZ-80K from a friend by changing the baud
         | rate of the recording. IIRC Sharp MZ 700 was faster, you could
         | actually hear the different pitch on an audio cassette player.
        
         | cesaref wrote:
         | I rather liked the MZ-80K, having spent a bit of time with it
         | as a kid in the early 80s. I was attending a prep boarding
         | school, for kids from 8 through 13 (can't imagine anyone
         | sending their kids to boarding school aged 8 any more! How
         | times have changed) and one of the pupils had this machine. We
         | spent quite some time playing Towering Inferno on it...
         | 
         | I seem to remember the MZ-80A having a better keyboard. I don't
         | know if I ever used one, or just saw pictures in computer
         | magazines of the time.
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | Yes, there was also a later version of the MZ-80, the MZ-80C,
           | which featured a more conventional keyboard. But, I think,
           | the original one is quite beautiful (while, admittedly, not
           | that usable) and it reminds of a time, when it wasn't all
           | that clear that consumer computers should have typing
           | keyboards. (Mind that not everybody was trained in touch
           | typing, and this was pretty much a new beginning.)
           | 
           | BTW, I see that the machine in the video has kanji legends on
           | the keyboard, which isn't found on the models that were sold
           | in Europe. The latter feature upper and lower-case
           | characters, which is switched by a special "SML/CAP" key (not
           | the SHIFT key, which is for graphics characters!), a key that
           | shows kanji markings on the domestic model. (So, I guess, the
           | original, domestic model was Latin upper-case/kanji without
           | lower-case?) Does anyone know more about this?
        
             | opan wrote:
             | >I think, the original one is quite beautiful (while,
             | admittedly, not that usable)
             | 
             | https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/userdata/images/large/5
             | 3...
             | 
             | Is this the keyboard we're discussing? What I see is
             | ortholinear, and with a spacebar that's a more reasonable
             | size. If anything, we've largely regressed. Only keyboard
             | enthusiasts have keyboards like this nowadays. Anything off
             | the shelf has the same crap layout more or less now. Laptop
             | and UMPC manufacturers don't care to innovate with the
             | keyboard. (Except for the MNT Pocket Reform)
        
               | masswerk wrote:
               | Here are some more detailed images (mind the clear key
               | caps with inlays):
               | https://www.retromobe.com/2019/10/sharp-mz-80k-1979.html
               | 
               | The keys can be a bit "squeaky", though, and, at times, I
               | find the cursor keys annoying (which is due to training
               | and muscle memory from other keyboards). I once wanted to
               | quickly edit a Christmas themed image, using all those
               | fancy graphics characters, and kept failing over the
               | cursor keys all the time... :-)
               | 
               | But, yes, it could have been a fresh start all over.
               | There were even a few alphabetically ordered ortholinear
               | keyboards (especially on the pocket computer variety,
               | since you wouldn't touch type on those anyway), as
               | manufacturers thought this may be more accessible and
               | mechanical constraints didn't apply anymore.
               | 
               | Also, worth a visit, the entire article at
               | oldcomputr.com, showing the assembly with all the various
               | components: https://www.oldcomputr.com/sharp-mz-80k-1978/
               | ! (This also mentions, _" It's a bit hard to get used to
               | the keyboard."_ :-) )
        
       | piyushpr134 wrote:
       | Japan has one of the most legacy tech as they probably automated
       | them first and an ageing population probably is resistant to
       | change. They still use fax and telegrams quite a lot
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | Idk about others but I would like to have a fax, or even a
         | email where it would cost people to send me mail for direct
         | access to me.
        
         | _def wrote:
         | That's an interesting take. I always thought in Japan they have
         | this sentiment of "it's good enough" for machines because in
         | comparison it seems like a lot of old tech like this is still
         | around over there. And I really love that, a lot of modern
         | (software) engineering seems like an economic scam to me that
         | really isn't necessary. Also, I bet the system shown here (once
         | loaded) is super responsive. I keep crying over weird and
         | sluggish web/Elektron interfaces I have to deal with every day
        
           | iLoveOncall wrote:
           | > Also, I bet the system shown here (once loaded) is super
           | responsive. I keep crying over weird and sluggish
           | web/Elektron interfaces I have to deal with every day
           | 
           | You're probably right, but the actual software in only a
           | small part of the process here. People have to go and
           | manually cut the punch cards once produced for example, so it
           | turns into an extremely slow and inefficient process overall.
           | 
           | That said, would they benefit from a years-long, 10 times
           | over budget and bug riddled software renewal? Probably not.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | Fax machines are still popular because you still need to put
           | your hanko on everything in Japan and digital signing
           | services are only just recently catching up to giving people
           | the capability to sign with a stamp.
           | 
           | Give it another decade or two and fax machines will be gone.
           | 
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=YmfFHz2-uC8
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | Laziness is the mother of all inventions, as the old saying
           | goes.
           | 
           | Japanese are not lazy, they are one of the most capable
           | people on the planet, but that also means they don't innovate
           | or see the value of new inventions.
           | 
           | A great example is that in the west, we have specific kitchen
           | tools for everything. An apple peeler, for example.
           | Specifically to peel and only peel apples and only apples.
           | Why? Because everyone's a lazy bastard.
           | 
           | But in Japan? One kitchen knife for everything. Yes, one
           | single kitchen knife. For everything. Why? Because everyone
           | is skilled with the kitchen knife to do anything and
           | everything with it, so they don't need to innovate and invent
           | apple peelers.
           | 
           | Or another great example: Japan started using telephones and
           | then mobile phones and that was good enough for them. The
           | west wanted even more convenience and invented smartphones.
           | 
           | As you put it, doing it the old fashioned way is "good
           | enough" for Japan because they aren't lazy. They are both
           | among the most advanced and regressive people on the planet.
        
         | midoridensha wrote:
         | >They still use fax and telegrams quite a lot
         | 
         | Telegrams? Is this some kind of joke? I've never seen anything
         | resembling a telegram here.
         | 
         | Faxes are still used between businesses, which is much the same
         | as the US where they're ubiquitous in the real estate and legal
         | industries.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | I didn't know that US real estate agents still use faxes.
           | Really??? What are they sending? Floor layout?
        
             | _def wrote:
             | Just guessing, but maybe signed contracts
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Good point. I wonder if they fax for "round one", then
               | use courier on bike for "round two".
        
             | lost_tourist wrote:
             | most don't, they use email and signed pdfs like most
             | people, i'm sure there are some hold outs though.
        
           | est wrote:
           | I remember few years back Tokyo's Covid-19 numbers plateaued
           | because the hand-written fax system
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
           | japan-...
           | 
           | https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13373419
        
             | supernova87a wrote:
             | The UK's virus numbers did too. But because they ran out of
             | Excel rows and didn't know it.
        
           | brigandish wrote:
           | > Telegrams? Is this some kind of joke? I've never seen
           | anything resembling a telegram here.
           | 
           | They're used for special occasions, you can even get them
           | printed on pretty paper and put in pretty envelopes.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | tkgally wrote:
           | Telegrams are still commonly used in Japan to send messages
           | of congratulations and condolence.
           | 
           | https://www.denpoppo.com/
           | 
           | https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/dmail/
           | 
           | Wedding and funeral ceremonies often include a segment where
           | someone reads aloud messages that have been delivered by
           | telegram.
        
             | midoridensha wrote:
             | This doesn't seem like a technological issue at all, unlike
             | Fax machines. Unless I'm missing something, this is
             | basically like the old-fashioned "singing telegrams" in the
             | US, except without the singing part: you're just hiring a
             | person to deliver a message in-person and read it aloud.
             | The message isn't being transmitted over actual telegraph
             | wires.
        
         | arnaudsm wrote:
         | That explains why Japan feels like the future in the 80s. Tokyo
         | has this amazing retro-futuristic vibe.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Kind of like how Britain has the oldest train lines.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | Beautiful video, in more ways than one. This is how machines are
       | meant to be used: augmenting humans rather than enslaving them.
       | 
       | Also, I have always felt that people who design industrial
       | automation machines are mad geniuses. They just seem so complex
       | but work!
        
         | Tor3 wrote:
         | Imagine how much manual work this used to be, back in the Edo
         | period where the garment was invented.
         | 
         | I wouldn't change a thing, except the stuffing - it's a winter
         | garment, so I would stuff it with wool instead of cotton,
         | though that was of course not an option in the Edo period and
         | still hardly is, in Japan.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Sheep aren't farmed in Japan?
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | I listened to the Allbirds edition of the _How I Build
             | This_ podcast on NPR.
             | https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730695224/allbirds-tim-
             | brown-...
             | 
             | It's been a while, but if I recall correctly, they
             | mentioned that sheep farmers in New Zealand were having
             | trouble making money and finding uses of wool. (I might be
             | misremembering, as I'd have to go back and re-listen.) And
             | if anything on _Clarkson 's Farm_ is to be taken as an
             | accurate portrayal of farming trends, sheep farming was
             | portrayed as a very difficult and unprofitable business. So
             | I am completely guessing here, but maybe sheep farming is
             | just not popular like it was?
             | 
             | Sheep farming being on the decline, at least in the U.S.,
             | seems to be at least corroborated by the following after a
             | quick search:
             | 
             | https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/animal-products/sheep-
             | lamb-m...
             | 
             | https://www.kunc.org/business/2013-10-09/the-long-slow-
             | decli...
             | 
             | According to this article though, Japan is the third
             | biggest importer of wool but only had 20,000 sheep, as of
             | the article's date of 2014:
             | https://www.fragmentsmag.com/en/2014/06/ami-tsumuli-4/. So
             | maybe in Japan, it's both an expensive enterprise to farm
             | sheep and a lot of competition with imports. But that
             | really doesn't answer why it wouldn't be used, which
             | doesn't seem accurate if they're one of the world's top
             | importers of wool, only behind the U.S. and China.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > I would stuff it with wool instead of cotton
           | 
           | It also depends on the price point you want to hit. Cotton is
           | much less expensive than wool.
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | Yes, though the high quality cotton used in Japan can be
             | quite expensive (we had a lot of cotton from old futons at
             | our home, we had to throw a lot away to make room. That
             | stuff was very expensive when those futons were
             | (hand-)made).
             | 
             | The thing about wool is that it insulates even when it's
             | damp, while cotton simply collapses as far as insulation is
             | concerned unless it's completely dry.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Absolutely. I'm a huge fan of wool (mostly because no
               | other material will do when I'm camping in middle of the
               | wilderness). But the cost of it makes it difficult for a
               | lot of people to afford.
               | 
               | In any case, my point really is that the right material
               | to use in production depends on what your target market
               | is. If you're aiming to sell at a more affluent crowd,
               | then wool all the way! But you might also be aiming to
               | sell at a larger, less affluent group that makes wool the
               | wrong material due to its cost.
               | 
               | There's no absolute right or wrong here, only what's
               | right or wrong for the market you're trying to address.
        
       | LoveMortuus wrote:
       | If it ain't broken, don't fix it.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | Oh come on. In other news, Bank Of America is still using IBM
       | OS/390.
        
       | SeasonalEnnui wrote:
       | In the scene after the punch card workflow is shown, we see a
       | modern PC with recent software & bespoke input devices. It seems
       | like this factory is pragmatic in their choices which is
       | certainly something to be celebrated.
        
       | ChatGTP wrote:
       | They're clearly missing out because they've not incorporating
       | Scrum,AI (specifically LLMs), Tesla bots, self-driving cars,
       | cloud and a hot new JS library.
        
       | nixass wrote:
       | Then you see that rotating machine that is made by Suzuki
       | (machine that rotates threads, I'm no expert so no idea). And
       | then you realize that every Japanese major industrial company
       | produces literally everything
        
         | dfex wrote:
         | These companies are informally known as Zaibatsu[1] - massive
         | vertically integrated conglomerates. They produce literally
         | everything they need to sustain themselves, so you'll find them
         | running (say) an outsourced IT services business that services
         | all their business units (from Car manufacturing, Aerospace to
         | Restaurant chains) as they often avoid doing business with each
         | other if possible.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaibatsu
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | >as they often avoid doing business with each other if
           | possible.
           | 
           | That culture is actually starting to change, because that
           | domestic rivalry/hostility has been the chief reason Japan
           | lost the competition against American, South Korean,
           | Taiwanese, and Chinese manufacturers in recent decades.
           | 
           | Can't fight on the world stage if you're busy fighting each
           | other on home turf, y'know?
        
         | freetime2 wrote:
         | I wasn't sure it was the same Suzuki (it's a common family
         | name), but sure enough according to Wikipedia [1]:
         | 
         | > In 1909, Michio Suzuki (1887-1982) founded the Suzuki Loom
         | Works in the small seacoast village of Hamamatsu, Japan.
         | Business boomed as Suzuki built weaving looms for Japan's giant
         | silk industry. In 1929, Michio Suzuki invented a new type of
         | weaving machine, which was exported overseas. The company's
         | first 30 years focused on the development and production of
         | these machines.
         | 
         | Not only is it the same company, but it started out as a loom
         | company!
         | 
         | That being said, Suzuki Motor Corporation is actually a fairly
         | small company (market cap ~$18.5B) that mainly sticks to
         | building automobiles. Not to be confused with something like
         | the Mitsubishi Group that provides a wide range of different
         | products and services (automobiles, banking, home appliances,
         | etc) under the same brand logo [2].
         | 
         | [1]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki
         | 
         | [2]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Group
        
         | supernova87a wrote:
         | https://www.theonion.com/yamaha-ceo-pleased-with-current-pro...
         | 
         | "Yamaha CEO Pleased With Current Production Of Jet Skis, Alto
         | Saxophones, Snowmobiles, Power Generators, Scooters, Golf
         | Carts"
        
         | rudasn wrote:
         | I think it's more like every japanese motor company produces
         | everything that has a motor in it.
         | 
         | Except Yamaha. Yamaha is just weird.
        
         | lb1lf wrote:
         | I seem to recall reading in The Economist years and years ago
         | that this was largely a result of countless mergers and
         | acquisitions and a strong cultural distaste for whittling away
         | units not part of what was defined as the business' core du
         | jour. (Good on them, I say)
         | 
         | Anyway, the result was that Japan's biggest supplier of tomato
         | soup was...
         | 
         | Sony.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | Mitsubishi produces everything from pencils to space rockets
           | and everything in-between and not in-between.
        
             | freetime2 wrote:
             | According to Wikipedia [1], the Mitsubishi Pencil Company
             | is not related to the Mitsubishi rocket company (aka
             | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) and Mitsubishi Group.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni-ball
        
               | lb1lf wrote:
               | Wow, I've been using Mitsubishi Hi-Unis as my go-to
               | pencils for decades now, and always assumed they were
               | part of The(tm) Mitsubishi group.
               | 
               | IMHO they outrank anything as all-round pencils - I
               | mostly use mine in H grade for writing, occasionally
               | bringing out a set of various grades for some drawing,
               | but still - Hi-Unis are unbreakable, consistent, takes
               | kindly to erasing mistakes and... Wow, beating Tombows,
               | Blackwings, Lumographs, the works. IMHO, at least. YMMV.
               | Terms&Conditions apply.
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | TIL! I'm pretty sure even most Japanese think they're
               | part of the same group.
        
       | gyulai wrote:
       | Tape cassettes, as it happens, are actually hip again. They make
       | cassette players now for a modern tech stack, with bluetooth etc.
       | Bandcamp is full of artists selling tape, and sales of audio
       | cassette tapes have been up year-on-year every year lately. More
       | and more manufacturers are starting to spin up production again
       | [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassette_tape#21st_century
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | this makes even less sense than vinyl records, other than
         | nostalgia :)
        
           | asciimov wrote:
           | It's the physicality of the medium. It's the rattle of the
           | cassette in the case, the sound of putting it in the player,
           | the feel of pushing the play button. Some people really enjoy
           | the lowfi-ness of it all, the hiss of the tape, the limited
           | number of songs, the fact you can hand it or trade it to
           | someone else.
           | 
           | While I don't miss cassettes I do miss the rituals
           | surrounding physical media. Being able to pick a thing,
           | listen to it, and not being sold on other items.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | "Cassette tapes are made of a polyester-type plastic film with
         | a magnetic coating"
         | 
         | yay more plastic junk destined for the landfill
        
           | gyulai wrote:
           | FWIW, I'm under the impression (while not being an expert),
           | that plastics actually have pretty good recyclability and
           | just suffer an "image problem" for reasons unrelated to the
           | actual physical properties of the material. -- e.g. "Great
           | Pacific garbage patch", but that's just because plastic
           | floats and someone didn't take the trouble to recycle stuff
           | before dumping it, not because it's impossible to do that
           | kind of recycling; Or "Microplastics" which are nasty because
           | of their form factor, not necessarily because of the
           | material; Or because of applications where there are paper-
           | based alternatives and paper has a leg up due to being a
           | renewable material.
           | 
           | For example, according to a very entertaining little book I
           | have [1] that debunks greenness-myths, you need to use a
           | cotton tote bag 130 times before you reach a break even in
           | terms of economical footprint with using plastic shopping
           | bags. Ironically, people's homes are filling up with cotton
           | bags now, because you keep getting them as advertising gifts
           | by every brand that's trying to brand itself as green, and
           | you're often forced to buy them when you're at the
           | supermarket and forgot to bring yours, and they've run out of
           | paper bags and are not offering plastic for fear of
           | perceptions of un-green-ness.
           | 
           | [1] "Is it really green?" by Melissa Hemsley
        
             | hooverd wrote:
             | I hate when that study comes up. There's a lot wrong with
             | it. See: https://medium.com/@parkpoomkomet/breaking-down-
             | the-danish-s...
             | 
             | And funnily enough, I see people shopping with reusable
             | poly bags more often than cotton totes. There's one
             | manufacturer that supplies Whole Foods and a lot of other
             | grocery stores, and they're pretty solid.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | Are there any plastic recycling success stories? For
             | example, the PET in plastic bottles can't be recycled into
             | new bottles. The best case is that it can be used in
             | carpet, and probably not very nice carpet that the first
             | world would buy.
             | 
             | I've used my reusable grocery bags for over ten years. They
             | have gotten well over 130 uses.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | According to [1], about 15% of recycled PET bottles were
               | used to make new bottles, and those aren't necessarily
               | food/drink bottles.
               | 
               | I suspect the quality of collected bottles is a
               | significant factor. Here in Denmark bottles collected as
               | part of the deposit scheme can be recycled into new food
               | containers, but other waste generally cannot.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | I have plastic bags that weren't ever advertised as
               | "reusable", from over 2 decades ago, but are indeed very
               | reusable. They made them thicker and stronger back then,
               | but unfortunately that was wasted by so many choosing not
               | to reuse them.
        
             | bdhcuidbebe wrote:
             | > FWIW, I'm under the impression (while not being an
             | expert), that plastics actually have pretty good
             | recyclability and just suffer an "image problem" for
             | reasons unrelated to the actual physical properties of the
             | material
             | 
             | That's what big oil managed to dupe policy makers with in
             | the first place, the promise of recyclability. By now it
             | should be apperant for anybody that it was just a big lie
             | [1,2]
             | 
             | 1: https://time.com/6173859/plastic-recycling-big-oil-
             | damage/
             | 
             | 2: https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-
             | misled-...
        
               | gyulai wrote:
               | Well, the PBS article, first of all, is extremely poorly
               | written. How can you write that plastic is
               | "indestructible" and that it "breaks down" into
               | microplastics that enter our bodies, in the same
               | sentence, and not spot the contradiction.
               | 
               | Also, it actually says "All used plastic can be turned
               | into new things, but picking it up, sorting it out and
               | melting it down is expensive." Later down in the article:
               | "Recycling plastic is 'costly,' it [the report] says, and
               | sorting it, the report concludes, is 'infeasible.'"
               | 
               | So, it does sound to me like there's an important
               | distinction here where recycling plastics (or, at least,
               | disposing of it responsibly even when that's costly) _is_
               | possible, it 's just not happening.
               | 
               | Now, my own perspective: I live in Austria and Germany,
               | where governments have been doing collections of plastic
               | trash separately from residual household waste since the
               | 90s, and are asking households to pay steep prices for
               | disposing of residual waste, but not for disposing of
               | plastic. When I lived in Bavaria, disposal of plastics
               | worked through recycling centers, where people had to
               | separate their plastic waste into half a dozen containers
               | for different kinds of plastics under the watchful eyes
               | of employees educating consumers on what goes where, and
               | doing that kind of separation was the only way you could
               | dispose of plastic at all, without paying the very steep
               | price (effectively a fine), for disposing of it through
               | residual household waste. -- There are _a lot_ of
               | recycling centers in Bavaria, usually no more than 10
               | minutes ' drive from where you live, even if you live in
               | a rural area. And they are _packed_ on a Saturday. Nobody
               | can tell me that people aren 't using them.
               | 
               | I'm having a hard time imagining that the government
               | would ask households to go to all that trouble and then
               | just send it to landfill. They'd have to make sure to
               | keep it a secret, because people would rightly be angry
               | if they knew this, and they'd have to pay for it through
               | back channels of sorts. This kind of scandal, while it
               | seems possible, hasn't actually broken yet, to the best
               | of my knowledge, over the course of the several decades
               | that this practice has been ongoing an in any of the
               | governments that have been doing this, which are many.
               | 
               | So, my working assumption until this particular scandal
               | actually breaks, is that alarmism coming from
               | environmentalists in the U.S. is really about poor waste-
               | disposal habits on the part of the American consumer, and
               | not some kind of conspiracy by big oil that governments
               | are in on, to make us believe that plastic is anything
               | other than the devil.
        
               | kalleboo wrote:
               | https://www.giiresearch.com/report/bon1238015-germany-
               | plasti...
               | 
               | 61% of the plastic waste collected for recycling in
               | Germany is incinerated.
               | 
               | A lot is also exported to Asian countries where we
               | pretend they are recycling it but they are probably not.
               | This was in the news all over Europe back in 2019 when
               | China stopped allowing imports of waste and all the
               | "recycling" programs went into crisis mode. Germany now
               | exports its waste to Malaysia instead.
        
               | gyulai wrote:
               | Okay, that's an interesting data point that I genuinely
               | didn't know about; thanks for posting.
               | 
               | But my original argument still debunks PBS's claim that
               | sorting and free market economics is somehow the problem.
               | 
               | I still feel like I'm not personally at fault in my role
               | as a consumer if I use plastic and take it to the
               | recycling center assuming them to deal in good faith.
        
               | kalleboo wrote:
               | I had to look up the numbers for Germany but they're
               | around the same around the world, sometimes worse.
               | 
               | I live in Japan which also boasts a very high high
               | recycling rate, but the vast majority of the plastic just
               | gets incinerated. Here whenever it comes up in the news,
               | they claim that since different types of waste needs to
               | be burnt at different temperatures, it's still worth it
               | since it makes the incineration (which is used to
               | generate heat or electricity) more efficient.
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | _is really about poor waste-disposal habits on the part
               | of the American consumer_
               | 
               | To put this into perspective and link it back to the
               | original article: the Japanese also have very highly
               | organised waste sorting.
        
               | PurpleRamen wrote:
               | > Well, the PBS article, first of all, is extremely
               | poorly written. How can you write that plastic is
               | "indestructible" and that it "breaks down" into
               | microplastics that enter our bodies, in the same
               | sentence, and not spot the contradiction.
               | 
               | Where is the contradiction? It's breaks down in smaller
               | parts of plastic, but still remains being plastic. It
               | won't transform into something else, like oil, coal, or
               | food for plants. It's still the same, just a bit smaller.
               | 
               | > There are a lot of recycling centers in Bavaria
               | 
               | Collected plastics in Germany are usually not recycled,
               | they are burned or shipped to other countries, often
               | under the pretext of recycling.
               | 
               | > I'm having a hard time imagining that the government
               | would ask households to go to all that trouble and then
               | just send it to landfill.
               | 
               | Governments demand much bullshit to pamper the citizen.
               | And often it's not even the fault of the government's
               | original idea, it's just that things evolve somehow in a
               | poor way along the way. The corrupt forces break down any
               | attempt until it becomes twisted enough to not be useful
               | anymore in the original aim.
        
               | gyulai wrote:
               | > Collected plastics in Germany are usually not recycled,
               | [...]
               | 
               | ...well, I use the term "recycle" very loosely. If it's
               | disposed of responsibly, then fair enough. That
               | presumably includes burning, as long as you do it in a
               | way where you don't just blow the toxines into the
               | atmosphere, and, presumably, wherever you generate heat,
               | you can at least get some electricity out of it.
               | 
               | It just seems to me like the PBS article is strawmaning
               | the pro-plastic argument by making it look like the only
               | way you can have plastic at all, is if you're cool with
               | it ending up in landfill.
               | 
               | The logic seems to be this: Plastic is extremely cheap to
               | manufacture from primary resources, therefore recycled
               | plastic could never compete in the marketplace with
               | newly-made plastic, therefore there's no demand for used
               | plastic as a resource in making recycled plastic,
               | therefore used plastic will end up in landfill. Compare
               | that to textile which has a much larger economic
               | footprint and costs more to produce while being more
               | durable. The previous argument about the primary market
               | crippling the secondary market doesn't hold for textile.
               | After all, second-hand clothing stores are a thing, and
               | probably are a force for good.
               | 
               | But people mistakenly take away the message "textiles are
               | good, plastics are bad". The economy is starting to
               | reflect that consumer sentiment, and you're seeing
               | plastics replaced by textiles in lots of scenarios to
               | reach the "green consumer". Is that a net-positive,
               | environmentally speaking? Probably not. If the break even
               | is at 130 uses of a cotton tote bag, and assuming one
               | shopping trip per week, we'd have to, on average, see
               | nearly 3-year-old tote bags being used for them to make
               | sense. I don't think that's what I'm seeing around me,
               | I'm seeing mostly brand-new tote bags and/or people
               | sporting a different one every day of the week because
               | they have dozens at home.
               | 
               | What I'm also seeing: "Green" consumers are mostly just
               | "rich folk", and their greenness doesn't stop them from
               | engaging in their "rich folk" behaviours. They are buying
               | _more_ stuff, and replacing it _more frequently_ , plus
               | they are paying higher prices to have the stuff they buy
               | be made from more durable materials, because durability
               | gives a material an environmentally-friendly image while
               | low cost gives materials a "damaging for the environment"
               | image.
               | 
               | There is a very simple solution to this dilemma: Dispose
               | of plastic responsibly _despite the cost_. It 's not like
               | nothing could ever get done in the world if free market
               | incentives didn't force them to get done. Covid shutdowns
               | got done. Some things are just a matter of principle.
               | Make this a matter of principle. Pay for what it truly
               | costs to dispose of this stuff out of your own pocket. If
               | that means that plastic is still more economical for you
               | to use for certain applications than alternatives, then
               | by all means keep using plastic.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | I think plastics don't necessarily have good recyclability,
             | but why is this even needed? Just bury or burn it.
        
               | lost_tourist wrote:
               | pollution and pollution
        
               | userbinator wrote:
               | PE and PP, the most widely used plastics in disposable
               | applications, are essentially highly refined oil (more
               | like a wax) and burn cleaner than coal.
        
               | kgabis wrote:
               | Not really and not really.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | If they can bury nuclear waste, a bit of plastic can't be
               | too bad. Just make the tiniest effort to bury it
               | somewhere suitable, and burn it properly.
        
               | filleduchaos wrote:
               | We produce multiple orders of magnitude more plastic than
               | nuclear waste.
               | 
               | (As an aside, what does "burn it properly" entail?
               | Gasifying before combustion? Even that is not exactly
               | "clean".)
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | In 2023, is there a scientific consensus on landfill vs
           | incineration? It seems like many, highly advanced countries
           | are using incineration now, including plastics. Hell, Sweden
           | even imports garbage from other European countries to burn as
           | a service.
           | 
           | Deeper question: Are there _any_ removable storage mediums
           | that are easy to recycle? Vinyl records? Minidisc? CDs
           | /DVDs/Blurays? Computer tapes?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | SoKamil wrote:
           | Please do not tell him what CDs are made of
        
             | callalex wrote:
             | CDs use a fraction of the material and have much, much,
             | much greater durability.
        
             | AA-BA-94-2A-56 wrote:
             | Is he implying a comparison to CDs or to codecs over
             | internet?
             | 
             | Hint: It's the latter.
        
               | mopenstein wrote:
               | How would one be listening to digital music? On their
               | plastic phones they replace every 2 years?
               | 
               | I have cassettes that are 40 years old.
        
               | AA-BA-94-2A-56 wrote:
               | Is this a trick question? I would listen to digital audio
               | on a computer, which I've had access to for my entire
               | life. I'm 30 years old, and I've never not had a computer
               | in the house.
               | 
               | Also, most people purchasing cassettes nowadays most
               | likely also own and use a smartphone.
               | 
               | I am trying to understand your perspective, but I just
               | don't, I'm sorry.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | I quite honestly don't understand why. Even if its sound
         | quality was subpar to modern media, vinyl at least had a
         | distinct advantage with its XL-sized cover art that made it
         | easier to display the albums that you loved.
        
           | photonerd wrote:
           | Nostalgia, retro fashion, etc.
           | 
           | Vinyl and tape are also enjoyably tactile.
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | Post-modernismn and nostalgia are large factors. Overall I
           | think the idea largely is that instead of considering the
           | media just an imperfect vessel to carry the artwork, it is
           | instead made into part of the artwork itself.
           | 
           | In visual arts I think there is longer tradition of playing
           | with the imperfections of the media instead of trying to hide
           | them.
           | 
           | But ultimately, trying to reason about art has its limits,
           | not everything can be understood (or at least enjoyed)
           | rationally.
        
           | gyulai wrote:
           | The advantages that initially motivated cassettes over vinyl
           | back when cassettes were invented are basically still valid,
           | for example that you can't have a vinyl-based "walkman", and
           | that they're economical to record onto, while pressing short
           | runs of vinyl is not economical.
           | 
           | Indie acts have often gravitated towards CD-R rather than
           | vinyl, because they can burn them at home in small
           | quantities. But for mobile use, a walkman actually beats a
           | discman, in my opinion, due to its smaller size. And, not
           | being digital, cassettes have a kind of built-in "soft" DRM
           | feature, in that reproduction is possible but goes hand-in-
           | hand with a loss in quality. The mixtape / pirating /
           | bootlegging scene helps spread the message about an act, and,
           | if someone truly likes the music, they might go back to the
           | original artist and buy an "official" prerecorded cassette
           | where they get better sound quality, and a reasonable level
           | of expectation that the money actually reaches the artist to
           | support them.
           | 
           | With Spotify, for example, I have no idea, as a consumer, if
           | I listen to a lot of small acts, how much of the money I pay
           | every month to Spotify actually gets into the pockets of
           | those acts, or whether they're just on there because they got
           | arm-twisted into being on the platform because of platform
           | power.
           | 
           | There's a lot that's good about the medium, and that goodness
           | comes in the form of simplicity in engineering, which is a
           | virtue in its own right.
        
             | zokier wrote:
             | > With Spotify, for example, I have no idea, as a consumer,
             | if I listen to a lot of small acts, how much of the money I
             | pay every month to Spotify actually gets into the pockets
             | of those acts
             | 
             | You can assume it is pretty much a rounding error what they
             | get.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Yep. This is part of why I don't use streaming services.
               | I prefer to buy the music directly from the musicians
               | when I can, or go through something like Bandcamp if
               | that's what the musician wants to do.
               | 
               | I end up with the music, the musician ends up with most
               | of the money, everybody wins.
        
             | olah_1 wrote:
             | > cassettes have a kind of built-in "soft" DRM feature, in
             | that reproduction is possible but goes hand-in-hand with a
             | loss in quality
             | 
             | Not just reproduction. Even just listening to them a bunch
             | goes hand-in-hand with a loss in quality. Unplanned
             | obsolescence?
        
           | tokai wrote:
           | >Even if its sound quality was subpar to modern media
           | 
           | For some genres that's the point. Most modern black metal is
           | released on cassette tape, to achieve the desired black metal
           | sound.
        
             | makz wrote:
             | The effect can be achieved with saturation and lo-fi
             | plugins. But yeah, I get it.
        
           | Atheros wrote:
           | The number of people who enjoy music is and always has been
           | lower than the number of people who find it useful to use
           | music as a pretext for socializing. Tape is easier to carry
           | and lend to friends than vinyl. Tape can be recorded by home
           | users and vinyl cannot which means that making a mix tape and
           | sharing it with people is possible with tape but not vinyl.
           | 
           | The physical properties of tape make it much better for
           | socializing than digital files or streaming services because
           | it forces in-person interaction. That's what people were
           | actually enjoying throughout the 20th century, we all just
           | lived in a collective fantasy that it was _music_ that people
           | were after when it wasn 't quite that after all.
        
             | andyferris wrote:
             | I feel culture is meant to be shared.
             | 
             | I remember watching TV shows in the 90s and discussing each
             | episode with friends. It was great.
             | 
             | Or you could rent a video movie and watch it with friends
             | (amortising the cost).
             | 
             | Mix tapes were also great gifts.
             | 
             | I dunno, the tech was technically inferior but it just
             | worked out nice somehow.
        
               | stevezsa8 wrote:
               | I know what you mean about discussing TV shows or music
               | with friends.
               | 
               | At school, me and my bestie at the time would quiz each
               | other on the previous night's episode of Star Trek. How
               | lame we were :]
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | > Mix tapes were also great gifts.
               | 
               | I recognize, in hindsight only, that every woman I'd
               | dated seriously has received a mix tape from me. Well, in
               | the old days it was a mix tape. These days it's more
               | likely to be a CD or a thumb drive. But it's the same
               | thing in the end.
               | 
               | I think it's a way of revealing a more intimate part of
               | myself. Kind of "you should know who I am, and here is an
               | important part of that" kind of thing.
        
           | Parae wrote:
           | I released my last album on tape cassette. It's easy, fast
           | and super cheap to produce, so you can sell it at gigs for
           | few euros or even give them for free. Fans are likely to buy
           | some merchandising to support the artists they like and they
           | don't really want to spend 15EUR for a vinyl when they
           | already paid for an entrance.
           | 
           | Cassette tape also have that crispy, muffed but hot and
           | softly saturated sound. I also like sometimes to record my
           | synthesizers direct to tape with a Yamaha MX4T (a 4-track
           | cassette recorder).
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | One other feature not mentioned in other comments yet is that
           | when you stop the tape, you can move it to another device and
           | playback will continue from the same point
        
           | grose wrote:
           | Way easier to record compared to vinyl and its "poor" sound
           | quality is a feature not a bug for lofi/aesthetic artists
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | Cassette manufacturers are restarting, but not _player_
         | manufacturers. Newly manufactured cassette players sound like
         | absolute shit. The factories making high quality tape machines
         | have long since shut down. Techmoan has an entire series on
         | this on YouTube.
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | The pencil lobby is pleased
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | Also Polish auto repair shop using Commodore 64:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12604414
       | 
       | I also remember a discussion here about a camp site that was
       | still using a booking system on an eighties computer, but
       | couldn't find it.
        
         | kansai wrote:
         | It was an Atari ST: https://youtu.be/6LxPEz9x2fs
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | Not that surprising when you consider that some Japanese
       | companies still weave jeans by hand.
       | 
       | Japan is an interesting mix of old and new.
        
         | mjhay wrote:
         | Vintage Americana is big in Japan. I understand that has
         | created a market for very high-quality jeans as vintage
         | American jeans are harder to find and modern American jeans are
         | of far lower quality.
        
       | dangerboysteve wrote:
       | Very clickbait heading. The 40 your old computer is used for the
       | loom pattern. The cloths are designed and patterns cut from
       | modern computers and software.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | Interesting that it's just this one step that they stick to the
       | old 80s technology. The rest of the design, inspection, weaving,
       | cutting, etc. seems to have moved on, understandably.
       | 
       | By the way, did you know that (some) modern looms use jets of
       | air/water to send the weft thread across the loom? No more
       | shuttles or mechanical passing of the thread. Amazing.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVWkZiHjreI
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | I guess, it may be difficult to find a suitable machine
         | targeting mid-sized manufacturers with small production runs,
         | nowadays. A replacement and retraining everybody involved and
         | re-editing the data may just no be worth the investment, as
         | long as the existing technology keeps up.
        
         | sirmarksalot wrote:
         | I saw that demonstrated at the Toyota Museum of Industry and
         | Technology in Nagoya. One of the tradeoffs with that is that
         | you can't use cotton because it won't interact cleanly with the
         | water, so it only works for synthetic fibers.
         | 
         | If you ever find yourself in that part of the world, I highly
         | recommend visiting the textile pavilion there. They basically
         | show you 1000x throughput improvement developed over the course
         | of a century, demonstrated in about an hour.
        
       | nyoomboom wrote:
       | Surprised they don't use Jaccard looms
        
       | nelox wrote:
       | I use pen and paper
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | such a maverick
        
         | NoPicklez wrote:
         | Wait, you're telling me you don't use a complete VR/AR display
         | for all of your writing and reading?
        
       | jedc wrote:
       | Years ago I got to know a startup that effectively reverse-
       | engineered the punchcard-like code necessary to run about half of
       | the massive textile looms used in factories all over the world.
       | Instead of needing to use the ancient systems / software that the
       | loom ran, they built software that could effectively treat the
       | loom as a printer.
       | 
       | It took them a while to find the right business model, but now
       | they partner with huge brands to offer them textile customization
       | AT SCALE, which previously was pretty much unheard of. -
       | https://www.unmade.com/
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | What is the original title of this video? It's weird that YouTube
       | changes it from Japanese. Like, let me decide if I want it
       | translated or indicate it has been translated??
       | 
       | And was this editorialized from the original?
        
         | ChrisArchitect wrote:
         | 40Nian Qian nopasokongaXian Yi !Ji Jie toShou Shi Shi deChuan
         | Tong woShou rinagarahantenwoZuo ruRi Ben noGong Chang
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | A computer from 40 years ago is still in use! A Japanese
         | factory that makes hanten while preserving tradition with
         | machines and handwork
        
       | arthur_sav wrote:
       | If it ain't broken...
        
         | cyclotron3k wrote:
         | ...rewrite it in rust
        
           | xyst wrote:
           | you mean go, right?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | Realistically how long would it take to modernize the software
       | while keeping the old hardware?
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | Far more than anyone is willing to pay.
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | An eternity. They wouldn't have finished the first version when
         | they start working on the second.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Why would they? The TUI seems to be fine. An modernization
         | would probably be way worse given today's "UX" trends.
         | 
         | Maybe they should replace the computer and cassettes before
         | they run of out them.
        
         | Adamantcheese wrote:
         | Assuming the computer talks over a standard protocol like
         | serial or parallel, I don't see how it wouldn't be fairly
         | straightforward to move it to a newer machine. Might even be
         | able to run it on a virtual machine for better compatibility.
        
         | amiga-workbench wrote:
         | Can you think of any modern platform that would have the
         | longevity, stability and lack of maintenance burden of that
         | Sharp computer over another 40 years?
         | 
         | The only thing I can think of that would make their current
         | setup more robust would be having the program burned into ROM
         | and not on tape.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | > Can you think of any modern platform that would have the
           | longevity, stability and lack of maintenance burden of that
           | Sharp computer over another 40 years?
           | 
           | I mean, probably any UNIX program written in C? Bill Joy vi
           | can run on modern computers. What makes this software
           | substantially different than a text editor?
        
             | hulitu wrote:
             | Just try to compile a vi from 20 years ago on a modern
             | computer.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | According to Wikipedia that was a problem ... 20 years
               | ago. That version compiles today. It's called
               | "Traditional vi" and the Sourceforge site where it's
               | hosted doesn't have a valid certificate so I didn't visit
               | it.
        
               | zokier wrote:
               | 20 years ago was 2003, four years after C99. First x86-64
               | CPUs were released 20 years ago. Compiling 20 year old C
               | codebase should not be an issue at all if it was half-
               | decent to begin with.
               | 
               | Compiling pre-ANSI-C and pre-POSIX codebases might have
               | challenges, but standardization has really gotten us lot
               | of stability here.
               | 
               | I'd expect conservatively written C99/POSIX code to be
               | usable certainly for another 20 years, there is just so
               | much inertia there
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect
        
           | poplet wrote:
           | I wonder how old these tapes are
        
         | nuc1e0n wrote:
         | The z88dk toolchain supports the MZ-80K as a target. So you
         | could write new software in C or any other language that can
         | output C code.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > Realistically how long would it take to modernize the
         | software while keeping the old hardware?
         | 
         | What value would that provide (than make-work for a couple of
         | software engineers)?
         | 
         | Probably the most bang-for-the-buck effort would be get their
         | existing software running on an emulator, and get that
         | integrated with the hole-punch machine. An even then, I think
         | the main value there would be to have a backup in hand if they
         | have trouble maintaining that old computer hardware.
        
           | Freedom2 wrote:
           | This sounds like indoctrination to me. I generally have a
           | different worldview that it would provide a lot of value.
        
             | tivert wrote:
             | > This sounds like indoctrination to me. I generally have a
             | different worldview that it would provide a lot of value.
             | 
             | That's a weird way of putting it, but I honestly think the
             | "modernize" all the things crowd are probably the ones that
             | "sound indoctrinated."
             | 
             | So, if your "different worldview" says reflexively
             | redeveloping the software would provide "a lot of value,"
             | _then name the value it would provide_. They 've got a
             | process that's worked for them for 40+ years, what exactly
             | is the value in re-doing software that's only a minor part
             | of that process? Does that "value" justify the cost?
             | 
             | Honestly, what they've got can probably be understood more
             | as an appliance than as an IT system, and anything
             | developed today would almost certainly take the form of an
             | IT system, with all the recurring cost and complexity that
             | entails.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | Maybe you would.
             | 
             | But nowadays, it would probably be an agile disaster with
             | two or three layers of managers and sales people, maybe
             | even on different firms, if done by best practice, between
             | you and the customer. Forget talking to the operators.
             | 
             | KISS is a beauty of the past.
             | 
             | There is no way the simple and straightforward text based
             | solution would be made. It is more likely it would be a
             | bloated mess with clouds or what not.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | I think characterizing it just as "make-work for software
           | engineers" is too harsh. Just from a business continuity
           | perspective there is a real benefit to being on a well-
           | supported platform for which it is cheap and easy to source
           | new parts. I don't know offhand how many punch card reader
           | manufacturers still exist, but the competition is going to be
           | a lot less than it is in (say) USB stick manufacturing.
           | 
           | It's a difficult thing to quantify, but access to stable
           | supply lines is surely worth more than zero.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | The punch cards will be directly controlling the loom, it
             | looks like it is read electro-mechanically. Maintaining the
             | card reader is presumably a minor part of maintenance for
             | the whole loom. One person probably has the skills to
             | maintain the weaving part and the reading part.
             | 
             | If you replaced the input with USB or similar, you now also
             | need someone with IT skills if that part goes wrong.
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | > What value would that provide (than make-work for a couple
           | of software engineers)?
           | 
           | In the lingo, business continuity and risk management. When,
           | not if but when, the current system fails, there is high
           | chance of it being unrecoverable. Even if it were technically
           | recoverable, can they find someone to do that work? How long
           | will the factory stand still while the system is being
           | recovered or replaced? In general it is more cost-effective
           | to replace things before they fail rather than after the
           | fact. Doubly so in these sort of cases where using the old
           | system (in working state!) as a reference would most likely
           | be beneficial.
        
         | lost_tourist wrote:
         | You could probably find an old timer who could bridge the gap
         | fairly easily and lead a team of a couple of engineers to do it
         | in a reasonable amount of time. I'm guessing that program is
         | written in basic or assembly which wasn't too hard to learn on
         | those old machines.
        
         | ohuf wrote:
         | ...that would void the warranty! ;)
        
       | cfcfcf wrote:
       | If you enjoy this type of slow film making, this genre of "a day
       | in the life" of Japanese kitchens I find quite meditative and
       | inspiring.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/PC2rAUdpGXM
        
       | guluarte wrote:
       | FF 2090: Japanese textile factory still uses js and react
       | [hologram]
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | No, because either the certificate would have expired or the
         | automatic updates failed.
        
           | goldenkey wrote:
           | Or an npm package got poisoned.
        
       | jgrahamc wrote:
       | Ooh. That looks like a Sharp MZ-80K. I spent a ton of time
       | programming one of those and own a still working one. Lovely to
       | see them in action.
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | Makes perfect sense to me! If your current solution continues to
       | work well, you shouldn't take on the costs and risks of switching
       | to a different solution.
       | 
       | I have a server that's even older than that in my home network.
       | Why? Because it continues to do its job well. The cost (in time)
       | and risk of of swapping it out for newer hardware makes doing so
       | the less appealing choice.
        
       | class3shock wrote:
       | Just to clarify, they are using the cassettes and old computers
       | to create punch cards required to run older machines they are
       | using. They are also using modern equipment and computers. This
       | is fairly common in industrial manufacturing because the cost of
       | replacing or retrofitting expensive equipment is high not because
       | older = better (although I'm sure sometimes that is the case).
        
       | helij wrote:
       | This reminded me of another Japanese company called Takahashi and
       | their video[0] on making telescopes.
       | 
       | [0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC0dBh53dyI&t=9s
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | Reminds me of the Linotype - mechanical perfection for a single
       | task.
        
       | _Qeomash_ wrote:
       | Be sure to turn on closed captions!
        
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       (page generated 2023-07-10 23:02 UTC)